Patent Abstracts International Solid Waste Management 1945-1969


PATENT  ABSTRACTS
              IIMTERNATIQIMAL
   SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 1945-1969

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PATENT ABSTRACTS

INTERNATIONAL

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, 1945-1969
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This publication (SW-78c) was prepared

for the Federal solid waste management program

under contract nos. PH 86-67-182 and PH 86-68-194
*4
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An environmental protection publication
in the solid waste management series (SW-78c)
This publication, prepared under contract to the Federal solid waste
management program, is reproduced as received from the contractor.
Any questions regarding errors or inconsistencies should be referred
directly to the contractor.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20k02 - Price

V
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Price $4.20 domestic postpaid or $3.75 GPO Bookstore
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The Office of Solid Waste Management Programs (OSWMP) of the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency presents the second of a two-

part publication dealing with worldwide patents for designs and

devices for solid waste management. The first volume (SW-77) is

restricted to U.S. or domestic patents; the second represents

international contributions.

Through a contract with the Franklin Institute of the State

of Pennsylvania, 1 ,061 patents were abstracted; citations were

formulated which give "curriculum vitae": name of the inventor,

his sponsor (if any), dates filed and issued, and the most

representative drawing(s) accompanying most of the patents. Some

of the illustrations received from the country of origin were not

of the best quality, but every effort was made to reproduce them

as effectively as possible. The volume is arranged in 20 subject

categories, and detailed indices follow the abstracts so that the

reader may locate his area of interest without difficulty. After

being abstracted for this volume, the patents then become part of

a solid waste information retrieval system, which is continually

adding to its data base of published literature.
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This document and Its companion are intended to complement

the 1968 publication entitled Abstracts; Selected Patents on Refuse

Handling Facilities for Buildings, also prepared by the OSWMP. The

widened coverage is an indication of the increased interest in

finding solutions to refuse-handling problems. The concordance

index demonstrates that several countries have patented identical

equipment and processes.

It is our hope that these documents will stimulate further

development in this area.
— SAMUEL HALE, JR.
Deputy Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste Management
IV
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CONTENTS
Page
Agricultural wastes(includes crop residues and
animal manures) 1
Analysis of solid waste
Automobile(abandoned autos, processing, separating,
salvaging, reduction, collection of autos
Recycling of automobile parts will be found
under Automobile, not under Recycling) 12
Bulky wastes(includes building-demolition and
highway-construction debris) 18
Collection(includes transfer stations)
See also Transport 18
Compost/Composting(includes equipment, processes,
and marketing) 79
Disposal(multisystems only)
See also Specific methods 105
Economics(includes costs, fees, taxes,
and financing)
Hazardous wastes(includes pesticides) 112
Health/Safety
Incineration(includes all burning processes
and pyrolysis) 114
Industrial wastes(excludes sewage sludge
and slurry) 1 89
Institutional wastes(includes hospitals, schools,
universities, and research facilities) 208
Law/Regulations (includes ordinances and bills)
Litter 215
Management(includes the facility as well as
overall concept of the system)
Ocean disposal(includes all waterways) 219
Packaging wastes(includes plastic, glass,
and metals)
Processing/Reduction(excludes composting and
incineration) 222
Recycling(includes reclamation, utilization,
salvage, recovery and reuse)
Sec also Automobile 248
Research
Sanitary landfill(includes all land disposal) 312
Separation 314
Sludge(includes sewage sludge and slurry) 323
Storage(includes receptacles, containers,
and sacks) 336
Street cleaning(includes snow removal and
sweeping equipment) 352
Training, Education, and Public Relations
Transport(includes pipelines, pneumatic systems,
rail, truck, or barge haul)
See also Collection 367

Assignee Index 379
Inventor Index 337
Patent Concordance 411
Patent Number Index 413
Subject Index 424
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AGRICULTURAL WASTES
INT-0001
Weigel, A. C., and H. G. Meissrier
(Combustion Engineering-Superheater, Inc.).
Art of burning bagasse. Canada 466,151;
filed Mar. 31, 1948; issued June 27, 1948.

This system for burning bagasse and similar
vegetable fuels involves a combustion
chamber, a grate at the bottom of the
spreader, and a device beneath the grate
for admitting air upward through the grate.
In one of the furnace walls above the grate
is a spreader stoker with an inlet outside
the wall and a rotating distributor
communicating with the interior of the
chamber. The bagasse fuel is brought by a
conveyor to a hopper from which it enters
a feeder placed above the stoker inlet.
Inside the feeder, a stationary cutter
slices off measured portions of the fuel
and mechanically-driven flight members
release the material into a duct leading
to the spreader stoker at an accurate,
adjustable rate. The rotating distributor
in the stoker injects the bagasse into the
combustion chamber where it is uniformly
distributed over the grate. As they travel
toward the grate through the hot combustion
gases, the spreader-injected bagasse
particles are dried and partially burned.
A bed of burning bagasse is maintained on
the grate to support combustion.
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INT-0002
Evans, J. E. Improvements in or relating to
the disposal of manure in shippons,
piggeries, and the like. Great Britain
605,900; filed Jan. 25, 1947; issued Aug.
3, 1948.

In this apparatus, an endless push-plate
conveyor works over a channel floor provided
for the reception of the manure. The return
path of the conveyor is situated vertically
above or below the channel floor. Both sides
of the floor channel are undercut or recessed
to constitute housings for a pair of conveyor
chains, or conveyor chain guides, so that the
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Agricultural Wastes
pusher plates, each of which is attached by
its ends to the chains, span the full width
of the channel floor and so sweep the whole
of the floor. The conveyor is mounted on or
carried by conveniently positioned toothed
sprockets, and is mechanically driven in any
convenient manner, such as by an electric
motor, gas or oil engine, or other power
source. A stationary brush or brushes may be
located in the return path of the conveyor,
so that any manure tending to adhere to the
push pistes or chains shall be removed.

INT-0003
Siddiqui, S., K. K. Sarin, J. P. Varma, and
P. Dayal. Manufacture of heat-insulating
light-weight padding material for roofing
boards or the like from agricultural waste.
India 41,878; filed Aug. 25, 1949; issued
May 2, 1951.

Short-sized fibrous material, such as coconut
fiber, sisal, jute, or flax fiber, is mixed
with bagasse pulp and water to form a
suspension. The water is allowed to drain off
and the mass is pressed into boards. The
proportion of pulp to fiber is preferably 75
to 25 by weight. Bagasse pulp is obtained by
cooking bagasse with a sodium hydroxide
solution and grinding the cooked bagasse in
beaters.

INT-0004
Bhargava, M. P. Improvements in or relating
to processes of digestion of fibrous raw
materials for the production of pulp of
cellulose. India 48,905; filed Feb. 3,
1953; issued Oct. 3, 1953.

The digestor is charged with bamboo chips, the
moisture content of which has been previously
determined. The charge is steamed to about 5
to 10 Ib gauge pressure by admitting saturated
steam (25 to 35 Ib gauge pressure) at the
bottom. Meanwhile, cooling liquor that contains
about 24 percent total active alkali (sodium
hydroxide and sodium sulfide) and has a sulfite
content of 25 percent and an initial
concentration of 6 to 7 percent is heated
separately in a pressure vessel to about 162
to 170 C. The heated cooking liquor is forced
under steam pressure into the top of the
digestor containing the presteamed chips.
Pressure in the digestor is built up to about
100 Ib per sq in. by injecting compressed air
or high-pressure steam at the top of the
digestor. The temperature of the charge in the
digestor is then quickly raised to about 162 C
by indirect steam heating. As the temperature
rises, the pressure in the digestor increases
and must be relieved to reach a constant 100 Ib
per sq in. The digestor charge is then kept at
162 C and 100 Ib gauge pressure for 3 to 4 hr.
The pressure in the digestor is then relieved
to about 45 Ib per sq in., and the charge blown
into a tank for the subsequent operations of
recovering black liquor, washing, breaking,
screening, and bleaching. Grasses, bagasse,
and agricultural residues may also be used in
this process.

INT-0005
Notarbartolo, L., and V. Tagliabue (SNIA
VISCOSA Societa Nazionale Industria
Applicazioni). Cellulose from sugar-cane
residues. Italy 505,033; filed Apr. 4,
1953; issued Dec. 15, 1954.

The residue (100 parts, as dry weight) is
treated with 6 to 12 parts of soda ash in
1 percent solution under pressure and at
150 to 170 C, for between 40 minutes and
2 hr. The material is then washed with
water and cooked with 5 to 8 parts sodium
hydroxide at 6 to 8 atm. The obtained
cellulose, whose lignin content is under
2 to 3 percent, is bleached by conventional
methods. (Text in Italian)

INT-0006
Idnani, M. A., and V. G, Walunjkar.
Improvements in or relating to manures
from wool and hair wastes. India 49,075;
filed Mar. 2, 1953; issued Feb. 9, 1955.

Wool or hair wastes are washed with water and
heated with a 10 percent sodium hydroxide
solution to obtain a paste. After cooling, a
10 percent solution of gulfuric acid or
hydrochloric acid is gradually added to the
paste until a spongy precipitate separates
from a white liquor. The liquor is decanted,
and the precipitate dried in the sun or with
hot air. The product which contains 10 to 14
percent nitrogen, can be used as a. nitrogenous
fertilizer.

INT-0007
Gardille, F. M. G. Soil-conditioning and
fertilizing agents. France 1,095,744; filed
Dec. 22, 1954; issued June 6, 1955.

Soil-conditioning and fertilizing agents are
prepared by treating pulverized vegetable
matter containing lignin, e.g. wood, straw,
vegetable leaves or steins, hay, or vegetable
residues. In the fresh, dried, or partially
composted state, these wastes are combined
with caustic alkali or calcium hydroxide at
temperatures between 0 and 100 C in the
presence of water. Treatment with a
concentrated alkali metal or alkaline earth
monochloroacetate follows. The soil
conditioners thus obtained are used as free
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0003-0012
acids or calcium, ammonium, or potassium
salts. For example, 100 kg of straw were
treated with 12 kg sodium hydroxide and
100 kg of water for 24 hr at ordinary
temperatures, then with 29 kg chloroacetic
acid, 12 kg sodium hydroxide, and 25 kg of
water for 3 hr at 40 to 50 C. The mixture
was then filtered, centrifuged, acidified
with sulfuric acid, centrifuged, and
rinsed. (Text in French)

INT-0008
Okuno, S. , and T. Okuno. A manufacturing
method for artificial silk and other
high-purity pulps from bagasse;. Japan
31-2,351; filed June 1, 1953; issued
Mar. 31, 1956.

Beaten bagasse is heated with 0.05 to 0.2
percent actinium hydroxide to dissolve
the pentosan and silica, cooked with sodium
hydroxide or with a mixture of sodium
hydroxide and sodium sulfide, and bleached to
obtain a product yield of 35.2 percent.
The product contains: alpha-cellulose, 97.2
percent; beta-cellulose, 1.64 percent; ash,
0.08 percent; and pentosan, 1.08 percent.
(Text in Japanese)

INT-0009
Shiratori, K., S. Tatara, and C. Kobata.
A manufacturing method for heat-resistant
plate. Japan 31-2,489; filed Sept. 24,
1953; issued Apr. 4, 1956.

A mixture of bagasse and sawdust in a 3 to 7
ratio is immersed in a solution containing
3 percent zinc chloride, 2 percent copper
sulfate, 2.5 percent calcium chloride, 2.5
percent of magnesium sulfate, and a small
amount of methyl carbonate. This is rinsed
to obtain residue I. A mixture of 7 parts
I, 1 part cement containing 7 percent
calcined gypsum and 3 percent magnesium oxide,
and 2 parts asbestos is made into a dough with
the addition of 3 percent sodium silicate and
2 percent sodium phosphate solution. This is
then molded into fire-resistant board. (Text
in Japanese)

INT-0010
Powell, E. L. (Brown and Root Incorporated).
Process for the production of pulp from
bagasse. Great Britain 758,766; filed
May 10, 1954; issued Oct. 10, 1956.

Low-cost production of purified cellulose
pulp from bagasse is described. Bagasse
is treated with steam for 30 minutes to 1 hr
at 100 to 125 psi to remove incrustants by
steam distillation. Then it is pumped into
an alkaline solution of 2 to 3 percent
caustic soda, treated with live steam, and
cooked under pressure with rotation for 30 to
60 minutes. The material is then bleached
with calcium or sodium hypochlorite and
washed with water. Use of a rotating vessel
saves time and heat and produces a superior
degree of uniformity of the product.

INT-0011
Schmidt, F., and W. Eggersgluss. Method
and apparatus for the processing of organic
waste material. Canada 540,755; filed
Dec. 30, 1954; issued May 14, 1957.

This apparatus subjects stable manure that is
in a semiliquid or pulpy condition, to a
rotting process resulting in continuous gas
recovery. Inside a tank, the waste material
encompasses a vertical, liquid supply pipe.
The pipe contains ports which allow the
passage of liquid for dispersing scum on the
waste material, and allow the permeation of
liquid through the waste material at
predetermined levels. A cover that can move
axially along the pipe retains and is
supported by the gas produced by the rotting
waste material.
INT-0012
Calderoni, A., and V. Vita. Process for the
production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers
from animal products and fertilizers produced
by such process. Great Britain 785,652;
filed Apr. 28, 1955; issued Oct. 30, 1957.
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Agricultural Wastes
Animal hair or wool is wetted with water and
mixed with caustic soda or potash. The
mixture is heated to form a thick liquid mass
which coagulates and hardens on further
heating. The process can be carried out
continuously by feeding the reactants into
a tubular vessel through which they are
traversed by means of a suitable screw
arrangement, followed by heating, cooling,
and finally grinding for use as a fertilizer.
Wool offals, the byproducts of carding
machines, or the loppings or shearings from
textile production may also be used in this
process.

IIMT-0013
Knapp, S. B., and J. D. Wethern. Rapid soda
process for pulping bagasse and like plant
materials. Australia 216,044; filed Feb. 11,
1957; issued June 26, 1958.

Fibrous, nonwoody, lignocellulosic plant
material is shredded or milled into small
pieces and placed in a pressure vessel with
the pulping chemicals. The liquor contains
sodium carbonate, and, optionally, sulfur,
sodium sulfide, or sodium polysulfide. If
these are used, sulfidity should reach
15 percent. The ratio of water to plant
material in the mixture should be 2 to 15
parts to 1. The pulping mixture in
the digestor should be heated from 1 second
to 15 minutes, until a temperature of 150
to 190 C and a pressure of 14 to 240 psi are
reached. The mixture is then kept at this
pressure for 5 to 30 minutes. The major
portion of the lignln is separated from the
carbohydrate fraction of the lignocellulose
to form a cellulose pulp. The pulp can be
further processed by conventional methods.
(See also Australia 210,733)

INT-0014
Rykov, V. I., and A. N. Karmazin. Manure
spreader. U.S.S.R. 145,813; filed July 15,
1961; issued Mar. 21, 1962.
This manure spreader is designed to be hitched
to a caterpillar tractor. In operation, the
spreader is transported up to the manure heaps
previously deposited on the field. By means of
a divider and moldboards, a manure heap is
divided into two equal parts. Then the manure
is transported by worm conveyors to the rotors
which scatter it over the field. (Text in
Russian)

INT-0015
Gamalitskiy, V. A. Manure conveyor with
scrapers and system of manure conveyers in
which it is applied. U.S.S.R. 147,396;
filed Sept. 12, 1960; issued May 21, 1962.

The manure conveyor consists of two branches
which are placed immediately above parallel,
longitudinal gutters and which are connected
to each other by flexible rods. Each branch
can be set into a reciprocating motion by a
joint driving and tensioning station. When
moving in one direction, the conveyor rides
freely above the manure in the gutter; when
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moving in the other direction, it drags along
the gutter to scrape the manure toward a
transverse conveyor of the same design. The
transverse conveyor, which is placed in a
gutter that lies somewhat below the level of
the longitudinal gutters, transports manure
originating in several stables into a single
manure-collecting tank.
(Text in Russian)

INT-0016
Gershkovich, B. M., A. N. Otlivanchik,
P. P. Titov, and V. I. Tarasov (Vsesojuzny
Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institute Novykh
Stroitelnykh Materialov). Method for
manufacturing shaped works from crushed wood
and agricultural waste and similar raw
material and an apparatus for accomplishing
the same. Canada 709,759; filed June 7,
1963; issued May 18, 1965.

A method of manufacturing material from
crushed wood and agricultural wastes involves
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0013-0018
the use of polymeric binding agents. Waste
chips are delivered into a molding chamber
by a pressing force serving to orient the'
fibers in the chips in a direction parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the flow of the
process. Other components of the apparatus
include a charging bunker located at the
entrance of the chamber, a batch-meter
beneath the charging bunker, and a vibrating
trough placed between the batch-meter and
the chamber's entrance, A pressing device
is located at the entrance to the molding
chamber, and a prepressing mechanism with
a vertically arranged piston is placed in
the charging part of the chamber.
2 II f
INT-0017
Ruckstuhl, K. Utilization of sugarcane
bagasse. Germany 1,214,620; filed Jan. 26
1962; issued Apr. 14, 1966.
A method for making bagasse into a useful
material also eliminates spoilage of the
bagasse during storage and greatly reduces
the storage space requirements. The
operation essentially consists of grinding
the green bagasse in a hammerrnill. After
removing the fines, the fibrous material
is dried in a hot air stream and reground.
The bagasse fibers are then either
converted directly into a finished product,
or fed to a press and extruded in a form
suitable for storage. The pressed bagasse
is then stored until it is further converted
into a finished product, such as chip sheets
or briquettes. (Text in German)
SI 3» tO
INT-0018
Ponn, H. Method of and apparatus for
treating the rumen manure removed from
slaughtered cattle. Great Britain 1,045,226;
filed Sept. 15, 1965; issued Oct. 12, 1966.

This method of treating paunch manure involves
the liquification of the material with the
addition of water. The slurry is then mixed
with a nitrogen-containing material and passed
into a clarifying plant. The apparatus for
carrying out this process comprises an intake
hopper placed at the site where slaughtering
occurs. This hopper is fitted with a
water-flushing system. The hopper communicates
by means of an intake channel with at least one
size-reducing unit which is, in turn, connected
via an outlet channel to a sewer fed with
nitrogen-containing material. This sewer leads
to a clarifying plant.
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Agricultural Wastes
INT-0019
Pillorget, P. (Pierre Pillorget Societe des
Produits Chimiques de Sainte-Columbe).
Process and apparatus for the physical and
chemical transformation of agricultural and
biological wastes. France 1,484,673; filed
Mar. 1, 1966; issued June 16, 1967.

Agricultural wastes are hydrolyzed with
acidulated water to transform the pentosans
to furfural and a part of the celluloses into
sugars. The extension of furfural is limited
to prevent the carbonization of cellulose and
lignin, and the destruction of sugars. The
crushed materials are sent by elevator to a
funnel where they are humidified until
saturation, after which they enter the
hydrolyzer under 2 or 3 atm of vapor. The
dropping of the base of the apparatus permits
the recycling of the excess acidulated water
to the funnel. When a balance of pressures
is obtained in the top of the apparatus, a
system of sluices sends furfural-containing
vapors through filters. The furan gas and
cellulose-containing vapors are condensed by
a refrigerant and the resulting liquid is
sent to a distillation unit. When the furfural
content is about 1 percent, hydrolysis is
stopped, the hydrolyzate is drawn off, the
apparatus is charged, and a new cycle is begun.
The neutralized hydrolyzate is stored. Its
sugars slowly transform the matter into a moist
compost which contains organic matter, nitrogen,
soluble or insoluble phosphoric acid, humic
acids, and potash. This compost can be dried
and sown with Azobacter. (Text in French)
INT-0020
Fuller, G. F. Plant for the treatment of
poultry manure. Great Britain 1,110,211;
filed July 12, 1965; issued Apr. 18, 1968.

This treatment plant transforms poultry
manure into an agricultural fertilizer, y
An endless belt conveyor transports the ~
manure through a drying chamber. As
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0019-0023
the manure is stirred within the chamber,
a heater dries it. A roller attached to
the conveyor at the entrance to the
drying chamber can be used to regulate
the depth of the layer of manure on the
belt. The plant is equipped to
recirculate the drying gases and to shred
the dried manure.
INT-0021
Streicher, M. (M. Streicher, and 0. Seidl).
Device for processing and transportation of
liquids, suspensions and/or solids,
particularly sullage, liquid tranure and/or
solid manure. Switzerland 462,518; filed
Dec. 21, 1965; issued Sept. 15, 1968.

This device incorporates at least one
eccentric worm-gear pump, a shredder, a
conveyor with a feeding hopper for solids,
and a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber
is provided with a connecting pipe for a
suction line. The pump, shredder, and
conveyor form a subassembly driven by a
reversible drive and attached to a mobile
tank. Valves at the inlet and outlet of
the pump direct the medium Into the tank
or to a discharge pipe. An alternate form
UK
of the subassembly incorporates two
eccentric worm-gear pumps whose outlets
terminate in a common mixing chamber. The
inlet of one of these pumps is connected to
the conveyor onto which solid manure is
charged; the inlet of the other can be
connected to a supply of a liquid medium.
(Text in German)
INT-0022
Chudakov, M. I., I. S. Voropaev, S. V.
Ivanov, A. V. Antipova, and A. P. Samsonova
(All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of
the Hydrolysis of Plant Materials).
Substrate for producing fodder yeasts.
U.S.S.R. 229,407; filed Aug. 12, 1967; issued
Oct. 23, 1968.

A food substrate for fodder yeasts is
prepared from plant wastes such as straw,
husks, peat, and wood pulp via destruction
under high temperature and pressure. To
prepare a substrate which contains
substances which are readily available to
yeasts and also to expand raw material
resources, such as hydrolyzed lignin,
before destruction, the plant wastes are
mixed with calcium oxide and a liquid such
as a postyeast spent wash. The resulting
mixture is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen,
put into a salt solution, and then
acidified. (Text in Russian)

INT-0023
Bigwood, T. E., and B. T. Bigwood
(Calorific Manure Disposal Company Limited).
Improvements in and relating to incinerators.
Great Britain 1,141,494; filed July 19, 1965;
issued Jan. 29, 1969.
An incinerator particularly suitable for
burning raw or unprocessed animal and other
manure, which may or may not have been
previously dried, consists of an inner
structure in the form of a cage, an outer
container or housing, a grate below the cage
structure for supporting material to be
-4A
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Agricultural Wastes
burned, and a chimney extending through the
cage structure. The cage structure is made
of expanded metal and is supported by
brackets carried by legs which rest upon an
outer annular plate. A process is also
included for manufacturing fertilizer by
mixing a combustible material such as coal
dust with manure and then burning the mixture.

INT-0024
Isogaya, K. Rice husk burning device.
Japan 44-2,154; filed Sept. 2, 1965; issued
Jan. 29, 1969.

A device to burn rice husks consists of a
cyclone-type incinerator surrounded by a wind
tunnel with a spiral passage through which
husks are blown. The upper part of the
passage is connected to the incinerator at
the point where the flame from the burner is
located. The bottom of the wind tunnel is
connected by a wind-transmitting duct to
the blower. A husk-feeding device is
situated at the middle of the duct. The
exhaust pipe from the incinerator connects
to the blower and wind pipe. The hot air
dries the rice husks, which are otherwise
difficult to burn. The husks can then be
burned to either ash or coal in the
incinerator. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0025
Moriyama, I., and Y. Wanibuchi (Seiko
Donetsu Kosetu K.K.). Incinerator. Japan
44-4,719; filed Apr.
1969.
4, 1964; issued Feb. 26,
This incinerator that burns both manure and
garbage has a small fuel cost. Winglike
projections stir the manure in a digestion tank
to accelerate its liquefaction. Methane gas
from the manure is collected, desulfurized, and
then stored. The digested manure is pumped into
a colloidal mill for crushing and then sprayed
into the incinerator by a centrifugal sprayer.
The garbage, having been conveyed through a
drier, is burned with a heavy oil burner. Part
of the gas generated by combustion is used in
the drier; the rest enters the incinerator
through the flame duct. The manure powder that
is not burned in the gas burns when it drops
to the fire grid. The burner which heats the
fire grid uses methane gas from the manure
digestion process. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0026
Grondona, C. A. Bagasse pulping. Canada
807,411; filed Oct. 19, 1966; issued Mar.
4, 1969.

A bleachable grade of pulp derived from
bagasse, or any other cellulosic material,
can be produced on a continuous basis.
Cellulosic material is cooked in a
digestor to achieve a pulp having a
predetermined average permanganate number.
When the pulp is blown from the digestor
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0024-0030
and passed through a separating screen,
only the pulp with permanganate averages
below the predetermined average reaches
the bleaching plant. The remainder of
the pulp is recycled into the digester.

INT-0027
Wright, C. A. Processing animal manures.
Great Britain 1,148,538; filed Dec. 15,
1966; issued Apr. 16, 1969.

Semiliquid animal manure is centrifuged at
high speed to produce a solid residue and a
substantially clear effluent. The solid
residue has value as a fertilizer and can
be bagged for transport and sale. The solid
residue may be exposed to the atmosphere to
undergo a natural processing before bagging.
The liquid from the centrifuge may be sprayed
on the land and is an excellent manure for
grassland. The interior of tne centrifuge
must be resistant to the corrosive nature of
the manure liquor. The body of the centrifuge
may be lead-lined; the basket may be coated in
ebonite. Residue builds up on the interior
surface of the centrifuge and must be removed
from time to time.

INT-0028
Rionda, J. A. (Esso Research and
Engineering Company). Composition
based on bagasse and heat-hardenable
resin. France 1,565,996; filed May 21,
1968; issued May 2, 1969.

Bagasse compositions containing 10 to 30
percent phenol-formaldehyde resins (I) are
used to prepare panels with improved tensile
strength, cohesion, surface solidity, and
reduced water swelling. The fibers are
separated from green bagasse, impregnated
with 25 percent aqueous I solution, and
converted to mats by a felting machine. The
mats are assembled in such a way that large
fibers constitute the core and fine fibers
containing some medulla constitute the
surface. The material is pressed at 149 to
177 C to produce panels with reduced water
absorption and swelling. The panel surface
can be polished to assure improved brilliancy.
(Text in French)

IIMT-0029
Shikalov, I. D., I. Z. Vorobyenko, N. F.
Chernov, A. A. Tyuvyakin, D. I. Batmanov,
and V. M. Zernov (Syzran Combine Plant).
Device for unloading of manure from a
manure storage pit. U.S.S.R. 247,785;
filed Jan. 19, 1967; issued July 4, 1969.

A device for unloading manure consists of
a pump whose housing is a vertical cylinder
terminating in a bell-mouth at its lower end,
and an intake pipe provided with a three-way
valve connected to hoses at its upper end.
An electric motor is mounted above the feed
pipe. An impeller is located in the bell-mouth,
and below this is provided an inverted conical
mixing drum formed of knife blades. The drum
is surrounded by a ribbed conical housing
provided with countercutting knife blades.
During the operation of the device, the coarse
constituents of the manure and litter are
shredded by the conical mixing drum and are
propelled, together with the liquid constituent,
by the action of the impeller, to the intake
pipe. This mixture then proceeds through a hose
either to the transport vehicle, or, when the
manure is to be stirred, back into the manure
storage pit. (Text in Russian)

INT-0030
Takaura, K. (Kansai Denki Company).
Incinerator. Japan 44-16,431; filed May 6,
1966; issued July 21, 1969.

An incinerator for the combustion of the
feces of cattle, horses, pigs, and other
livestock converts the approximately 90
percent water content to steam, and burns
the remaining inflammable material to a
small amount of ash. The incinerator
contains an inclined metal sheet extending
from the screw conveyor at the top, which
feeds the manure to a point over the burner.
An oil dropping device overhangs the end
of the sheet. Stepped fire grids are placed
in the opposite direction to the sheet below
the sheet. The burner, which is faced by
-------
Agricultural Wastes
a baffle, is installed beneath the grids.
Feces are dried as they progress down the
hot metal sheet. The oil from an outside
gasoline tank and the fire grids ensure
quick combustion. The gas generated in the
incinerator heats the baffle, the sheet, and
the fire grids, and is released through a
smoke duct. An opening through which
garbage can be thrown, other than the hopper
opening, can be used as an observation
window. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0031
Streicher, M. (R. Artmann). Preparation for
agitating, homogenizing, and removing thick
flowing media such as manure. Germany
1,301,599; filed Feb. 27, 1963; issued
Aug. 21, 1969.

A manure stirrer consists of a pump impeller
mounted inside the manure pit and coupled to
a motor by a long shaft. The impeller has
cutting edges to enable the manure to be
homogenized and a. connecting pipe which
transfers the manure out of the pit.
(Text in German)
21
INT-0032
Baehrs, A. (D. Baehrs). Motor-driven manure
pump with vertical shaft. Germany 1,301,957;
filed Feb. 8, 1965; issued Aug. 28, 1969.

This manure pump has a vertical lift shaft,
with a runner rotating in the riser pipe,
which receives the material fed through a
pipe concentrically in front of the suction
passage. The suction passage is in the
center of the pump shaft and is driven by
a rotating screw. The screw extends
throughout the pipe, which has cutter bars
and a side inlet near to its closed base.
The side opening extends over approximately
half the periphery of the pipe, so that the
conveyor screw is free in the region of the
opening and forms a preliminary comminutor
together with the opening. (Text in German)
10
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0031-0034
INT-0033
Blanch, A. B. (Alvan Blanch Development
Company Limited). An animal pen including
apparatus for removing dung therefrom.
Great Britain 1,167,174; filed Oct. 19,
1967; issued Oct. 15, 1969.

A pen having an apparatus for removing dung
does not require a slatted floor. It consists
of an open, dung-receiving passage in the
floor which passes beneath a pair of opposite
walls. The dung-removing apparatus comprises
an endless conveyor of the chain-and-si at kind
having slats spaced at least 3 ft apart. The
conveyor is arranged to travel along the bottom
of the passage sweeping dung through the passage
into a pit positioned outside the pen. An
apparatus is provided for driving the conveyor
at a speed less than 10 ft per minute. Where a
number of pens are arranged side-by-side in a
row, the passage extends through all the pens
and the conveyor is common to all the pens. The
apparatus is particularly suited for a piggery.
--,.- |9
INT-0034
Andreae, H. G. (Alfa-Laval Aktiebolag).
Dung remover for cattle sheds. Great
Britain 1,167,253; filed Oct. 11, 1967;
issued Oct. 19, 1969.

This dung-removing apparatus is designed so
that it can be used in places where
considerations of space are such that the
cleared dung has to be removed from the
center of the cowshed or from some other
place disposed between the two ends of the
area being cleaned. Two scrapers are
pivotally connected about an upright axis
and means are provided for pivoting the
scrapers rearwardly with respect to the
direction of movement at an intermediate
point in the travel of the bucket in each
direction of movement so that, after passing
the intermediate point during movement in
each direction, the scrapers lie close
together. This reduces the area swept by
the edges of the scrapers.
11
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AUTOMOBILE
INT-0035
Cotton, F. H., and P. A. Gibbons (F. H.
Cotton). Process of reclaiming rubber.
Australia 119,682; filed Aug. 11, 1943;
issued Mar. 5, 1945.

Sorted and sheared rubber scrap, such as
used tire covers, is heated in a water
tank at 80 to 90 C. It is then fed to a
steam-jacketed autoclave where it is heated
to 150 to 190 C by steam. This process
reduces the strength of the rubber to reduce
the strain on the grinding machine, and
ensures a high temperature for the next
st3ge. The steam is used to heat the water
in the previous stage. The rubber is then
fed to a two-rotor mixer which has been
heated to 130 to 160 C or higher. The hot
waste rubber is subjected, under heat, to
mechanical stress, and a small quantity of
oxygen or air is admitted to soften the
vulcanized rubber. The friction causes a
rise in temperature up to between 190 and
250 C. The attainment of peak temperature
means the end of the effective grinding.
With some rubbers, it is desirable to
introduce a catalytic softening agent such
as phenylhydrazine. At the stage at which
peak temperature is reached, a dry powder
such as soot, China clay, or commercial silica,
is introduced to form a tough mix with
the rubber, and to work against any
unplasticized vulcanized rubber particles.
The material is discharged, preferably after
the addition of 1 to 3 percent water, and may
be immediately sheeted and refined. (See
also Australia 119,639)

INT-0036
Evans, W. W. (Boston Woven Hose and Rubber
Company). Plasticizing of vulcanized rubber.
Australia 119,321; filed June 2, 1943;
issued May 31, 1945.

Well-vulcanized rubber scrap from automobile
tires is finely ground and then mixed with
acidic substances together with a small amount
of a mercaptan or thiophenol. The mixing
takes place on a mill or an internal mixer
under oxidizing conditions. The recovered
rubber has many of the physical characteristics
of unvulcanized rubber. It can be mixed with
additional curing agents and revulcanized to
give high tensile strengths. Acid materials
advantageous to the process are the higher
fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated.
With rosin acids, it is desirable to add an
antioxidant before revulcanization in order
to improve the product's aging properties.
INT-0037
Lewis, J., and S. C. Lewis. Improvements in
and relating to the reclaiming of rubber.
Great Britain 569,659; filed Apr. 22, 1943;
issued June 4, 1945.

The rubber in waste material, that may also
contain fibrous matter such as that in tires,
is softened by steam under pressure at a
temperature of not less than 230 C and not
greater than 270 C. The cooling of the
rubber is effected by flooding the treatment
vessel with water after releasing the steam
pressure, and before opening the vessel. The
rubber is then milled. The process is
economical and gives a 92 percent yield.
The rubber is high in tensile strength and
plasticity.
INT-0038
Amphlett, P. H. A., A. J. Hughes, and
D. F. Twiss (Dunlop Rubber Company Limited).
Improvements in or relating to the
reclaiming of vulcanized rubber containing
cellulosic material. Great Britain 573,054;
filed Sept. 14, 1942; issued Nov. 5, 1945.

This method involves heat treatment by
which the cellulosic material is modified
so that it is readily converted on rolls into
a fine powder which acts as a filler in the
reclaimed rubber. The method comprises
comminuting the vulcanized rubber, such as
rubber from old tires, and mixing the
comminuted rubber with an oxidizing agent
in solid or liquid form, plasticizing the
rubber of the mixture by heating, and
sheeting the mixture so obtained between rolls.
The oxidizing agent used is preferably one
which yields oxygen on heating. Such agents
include peroxides, of which hydrogen
peroxide is most preferred since its products
of decomposition are volatile and a
washing operation is therefore avoided.
The peroxide preferably contains a
small proportion, that is up to 2 percent,
of an acid such as hydrochloric acid
or phosphoric acid; these acids may
not only act as stabilizers for the
peroxide and so delay decomposition
during the initial heating-up period,
but also assist in the tendering of
the cellulose material during the heating.
The use of hydrochloric acid is
advantageous because it is completely
volatilized during the heating, and washing
is therefore unnecessary. The oxidizing
agents are preferably used in liquid form as
aqueous solutions or aqueous dispersions,
although they may be used in solid form.
12
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0035-0040
INT-0039
Johnston, A. (North British Rubber Company
Limited). Waste rubber regeneration.
Canada 438,358; filed Nov. 7, 1942; issued
Dec. 3, 1946.

The process comprises treating waste rubber,
such as that derived from tires, by contact
with heated inert flue or exhaust gases
of low oxygen content until the rubber
is in such a condition that it may be easily
plasticized. The temperature should be
sufficiently high to bring about the
disintegration of the fibrous material in
the rubber, or between 450 and 500 F.
The rubber is cooled in an inert atmosphere
before being exposed to air. Fiber-containing
and fiber-free portions of the rubber should
be separated by stripping, so that the
fiber-containing portions may be subjected to
a reheating treatment. Incompletely
decomposed fibrous material can also be
removed by treatment in a washing mill. An
apparatus for this process comprises a
perforated container in the path of a supply
of heated inert flue or exhaust gases. The
container is rotated to bring all portions
of the rubber in contact with the gases.
50
INT-0040
Jones, C. H. (Northwestern Rubber Company).
Improvements in or relating to machines for
the recovery of rubber from tires. Great
Britain 588,431; filed Dec. 14, 1942;
issued May 22, 1947.

A machine is provided for recovering the
rubber portion of a tire bead from the
wire or wires of the bead. The bead is put
under tension and cut circumferentially so
as to cause the wire or wires to be exposed.
The machine comprises a driving mechanism
over which the bead is stretched, and a
cutting device against which the bead is
traversed by the driving mechanism so that
an incision is made in the rubber around
the bead, and the rubber separates or can be
stripped from the wire or wires. According
to a further feature, a mechanism is provided
for stretching the bead over two or more
pulleys, at least one of which is a driving
pulley.
13
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Automobile
INT-0041
Dasher, P. J. (Dasher Rubber and Chemical
Company). A process for reclaiming scrap
vulcanized rubber. Great Britain 871,925;
filed Nov. 19, 1957; issued July 5, 1961.

A process provides a means of producing
high-quality reclaimed rubber wherein the
necessity for refining the devulcanized
material is entirely eliminated, or
greatly minimized. Scrap vulcanized rubber,
such as defibered tire scrap, is treated
in a 3- to 10-hp Banbury machine at less
than 320 F for 1 to 4 minutes to yield a
finely divided powder which is then
selectively screened. The selected powder
is then subjected to a Banbury machine at
an average temperature of 300 to 400 F
until i_he rubber is devulcanized.
F.E.F black grinding agent facilitates the
initial grinding. Temperature is maintained
by means of water-cooled jackets in the walls
of the working chamber. The process applies
to natural as well as vulcanized synthetic
rubbers, such as butadiene and other
copolymers.

INT-0042
(United States Rubber Company). Method
of reclaiming rubber. Great britain 965,177;
filed June 26, 1962; issued July 29, 1964.

A digestion process reclaims vulcanized
elastomeric scrap by heating comminuted
tire scrap, in a mixture with a substantial
volume of water, within a closed container
to produce an aqueous reclaim. Afterwards,
the reclaim is dried to a millable condition
in an enclosed chamber with a heating medium,
separated from the reclaim by an impermeable
heat-transfer surface whereby exposure of
the reclaim to air or oxygen-containing
gases is substantially excluded.

INT-0043
Varady, S., and J. Darvas (Chemolimpex
Magyar Vegyiaru Kulkereskedelmi Vallalat).
Process and machinery for the production of
grist from rubber goods and the recovery of
textile contents from rubber grist. Canada
693,686; filed Jan. 14, 1963; issued Sept. 1,
1964.

A process for the production of rubber grist
from rubber goods which contain textiles,
especially motor vehicle tires, and for the
recovery of textile contents, involves
ripping the rubber into strips prior to
milling. The strips are cut crosswise
to similar lengths, and these uniform long
slices of rubber containing the textile yarn
are fed into revolving mills. Following the
milling, the rubber grist of mixed grain
size is conveyed for sizing and for the
separation and removal of impurities. The
impurities are removed into a revolving
plansifter system with separating air piping.
During this process, the cord fibers
separated from the rubber, on leaving the
prismatic trommel, are fed to a lickerin.
A carding willow is provided for the purpose
of recovery, and the recovered staple fiber
is passed into a carding machine for working.

INT-0044
Merges, H. A. (Condux-Werk, Herbert A. Merges
K.G.). Waste rubber sorting device.
Germany 1,181,902; filed Dec. 10, 1960;
issued Nov. 19, 1964.
a i i i 5 a
A waste rubber sorting device is designed for
separating rubber and cord fibers from
fiber-reinforced rubber waste, particularly
old or faulty car tires. The device is
formed of a rotatable shaft fitted with rods
inside a rotatable screen cylinder composed
of different axial screen portions, and has
an inlet and an outlet. The internal surface
of the cylinder is fitted with spaced
comblike strips. Irregularly spaced,
inwardly protruding axial rods are fitted
14
-------
0041-0048
on the inside of the cylinder as far as the
conical outlet end. The rods on the shaft
are arranged in the form of a helix. Other
rods penetrate into the spaces between the
first set of rods and are of the same length,
at least in the front part of the screen,
and become gradually shorter in the adjacent
parts. (Text in German)

INT-0045
Rudolph, S., W. Welz, and G. Wollmann.
Recovery of fibrous material from tire-cord
waste. East Germany 49,345; filed Aug. 4,
1965; issued Aug. 5, 1966.

A process is provided for the recovery of
fibrous material for its use in the
production of artificial leather and
boxboard. Approximately 100 to 150 kg of
shredded tire cord is pulped and then
conducted under slight pressure to a
refining mill, and then the material is
centrifuged with water. Water and the
separated rubber portion is discharged
in a discontinuous process. The rubber
is separated from the fibrous material
because of the difference in density. (Text
in German)

INT-0046
Stieler, A., and 0. Zuegel (Metallgesellschaft
A.G.). Recovering rubber and fiber by
flotation. Germany 1,244,387; filed Mar. 24,
1965; issued July 13, 1967.

The rubber and fiber contents of rubber
articles, such as automobile tires, are
recovered and separated from other components
by grinding and sifting the material. The
sifted particles are then pulped with water
and alkali and subjected to flotation.
Thus, 18 kg per hr of automobile tires
can be reduced by grinding, sifting, and
disk-milling to particles larger than
1.5 mm. The fine material is stirred for
12 minutes in a conditioning tank with water
and calcium hydroxide to a pulp containing
60 g solids per liter and having a pH of
11. The pulp is then passed through a
6-cell flotation machine in which fibers
are separated overhead by aeration. The
underflow from the last cell is then
adjusted to a pH of 8 with a small amount
of sulfuric acid, and passed through a
2-cell flotation machine in which practically
pure rubber is taken off overhead. The
impurities are drawn off in the waste pulp.
The yields of fiber and rubber in the
products are, respectively: fiber product,
93.5 and 3.9; rubber product, 6.5 and 92.0;
and impurities, 0 and 4.1. The combination
of mechanical reduction and flotation is more
economical than the conventional mechanical
and electrostatic separation process. (Text
in German)

INT-0047
Ryo, S. Method for disposing of scrap cars
by heating and cutting by a continuous series
of rollers. Japan 42-20,667; filed Dec. 5,
1964; issued Oct. 14, 1967.

A disposal method for scrap, such as used cars,
includes heat-cutting. The scrap's
purity is raised so that it can be reused
effectively. The scrap is first rolled
flat, and then its width is diminished.
Then the scrap is gradually heated to
about 1,100 C, so that impurities melt and
are burned off by stages. The heating is
in three stages, so that in the first
temperature zone (about 500 C), lead, tin,
and zinc melt; in the second temperature
zone (about 500 to 800 C), aluminum and
its amalgam melt; and in the third
temperature zone (about 800 to 1,100 C),
brass and bronze become molten. For
each temperature zone, there is a pit
and outlet on the furnace bed to remove
the melted metals separately. While
the compressed scrap is cut in the next stage,
the oncoming scrap is stopped. The roll
bearings ensure that the pressure on the
surface of the rolls is always even. Because
of heatroll treatment, the scrap is smooth,
narrow, and highly dense. There is no need
for large oil-pressure presses; very simple
equipment will suffice. The operation is
also continuous and automatic. (Text in
Japanese)

INT-0048
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K.).
Scrap car compressor. Japan 42-22,273;
filed Mar. 24, 1965; issued Oct. 31, 1967.

An integrated operation of melting and
compressing cars can be carried out quickly
by this invention. Depending on the
nonferrous metals present, the heat is raised
by certain amounts so that nonferrous materials
drop off, leaving only the iron car body to be
compressed. The object to be melted is held
between the two sides of the furnace and is
15
-------
Automobile
rotated so that the dropoff is due to the
vibration accompanying rotation and the metal's
own weight. The holding boards at the top can
advance, recede, and rotate; the vertically
and horizontally pushing boards, operated by
the plungers connected with the oil-pressure
device, can compress the car body. Even if the
nonferrous metals are not separated out, the
old car can be softened and compressed by
hanging inside the furnace on chains without
being rotated. Then it is transferred to the
compressor for compression. (Text in Japanese)
further to comminute the introduced sheet
metal. At the upper part of the mill is a
chamber which directs the comminuted metal
to a grid, which allows only the metal pieces
of a certain small size to be ejected, the
larger pieces being dropped back into the
mill for further comminution.

INT-0050
Tugov, I. 1., and N. A. Umanskiy. Apparatus
for reprocessing of worn-out tires and
treatment of tire-casing strips with
hydrocarbons. U.S.S.R. 226,138; filed May 20,
1963; issued Sept. 5, 1968.

A horizontal, cylindrical tank, resting on
roller supports, is provided with a charging
port and an outlet chamber. Inside the casing
is an integral coaxial worm made of a tube
with a continuous helical fin welded to its
outer surface, thus forming a helical duct with
17 turns of slightly trapezoidal cross section.
Liquid hydrocarbons are continuously fed into
the tank at the fifteenth turn, and leave it
at the first turn of the duct, so as to main-
tain all 15 turns in a half-filled condition.
IIMT-0049
Newell, A. S. Hammer mill or crusher,
particularly for comminuting scrap metal.
Great Britain 1,096,835; filed Feb. 24, 1966;
issued Dec. 29, 1967.

This mill is intended for producing scrap
metal from sheet metal such as motor car
bodies and other large objects. A hammer unit
comprising a series of discs is disposed along
a central driving shaft, each with six beating
hammers, mounted pivotally about the
periphery. A comb-shaped anvil member is
located at the inlet aperture of the mill and
is such that the beating hammers passing
between the parallel teeth of the comb tend
12-
A batch of tire-casing strips is charged into
the first turn while the tank is at rest, and
remains in it for between 24 and 40 minutes,
immersed in the hydrocarbons. Then the first
batch of strips is made to tumble into the
second turn of the duct, while a second batch
is charged into the first turn. In this
manner, every turn of the duct will be
occupied, and every batch successively
traverses the 15 turns during a total of 6 to
10 hr. In the sixteenth turn, the hydrocar-
bons are drained from the well-soaked, swelled
casing strips into the drain. In the seventeenth
turn, these strips are rinsed with hot water,
and then tumbled into the outlet chamber in
which they are rinsed with cold water before
being discharged. (Text in Russian)

INT-0051
(Logemann Brothers Company). Improvements
in or relating to the crushing and cutting
of scrap material. Great Britain 1,147,401;
filed July 4, 1966; issued Apr. 2, 1969.

An apparatus is provided for crushing and
cutting scrap material, particularly junked
automobiles. The machine consists of a
frame having a bed for receiving material
16
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0049-0055
to be crushed, a shear member mounted on the
frame, a jaw member pivotally mounted on the
frame which has a crushing portion at the
outer end, and a shear member mounted between
the crushing portion anc! the point at which
it is pivotally mounted on the frame. The
shear members on the jaw and frame cooperate
when the jaw is pivoted, to produce a
shearing action. There is a oower-operated
device for pivotally moving tie jaw.

(NT-0052
Tezuka, K. Apparatus for reclaiming ferrous
and non-ferrous metal from an object. Great
Britain 1,152,172; filed Apr. 7, 1966; issued
May 14, 1969.

The apparatus reclaims ferrous and non-ferrous
metals contained in an object manufactured
from metal, such as a used automobile. It
consists of a melting furnace and a preheating
furnace arranged for communication with each
other, and is provided respectively with heating
means and a device for adjusting the operation
of the heating means in the melting furnace so
that the temperature of the object can be
raised to melt the non-ferrous metals. The
various non-ferrous metals of different
melting points, such as tin, zinc, brass and
copper, melt and fall under the vibration of
rotation and their own weight until only the
ferrous metal remains. Opposed rams are
operable in association with the driving
device to hold the object and rotate it in
the melting furnace. A device is provided
for conveying the object from the preheating
furnace to the melting furnace and for
conveying the reclaimed metal from the
melting furnace.

INT-0053
Smiltneek, R. J. (Logemann Brothers Company).
Apparatus for processing scrap material.
Canada 814,178; filed May 30, 1966; issued
June 3, 1969.

This crushing and shearing machine reduces
junked automobiles for a reasonable cost when
compared to equipment presently in use. A
junked auto is positioned on the machine, and
then crushed by a jaw which is actuated
downwardly. On the jaw's next stroke the
crushed segment of the auto is cut off by a
shearing mechanism while the jaw continues
to devour the auto. This procedure is
continued until the entire auto is crushed and
sheared into relatively small pieces.

INT-0054
Flanagan, R. L. (Aspec, Inc.). Mobile
vehicle press. Canada 818,185; filed July 12,
1968; issued July 22, 1969.
This machine, which crushes junked vehicles,
is mounted on a tractor-trailer body. The
pressure head is mounted above the base of
the press, and it is supported by hydraulic
cylinders. When in operation, the cylinders
extend above the trailer body in order to
exert a maximum crushing force upon junked
vehicles. After the pressure head is moved
down to its lowermost position, the upwardly
projecting cylinders may be retracted to
reduce the overall height of the trailer,
thus facilitating its transit.
IWT-0055
Gaiter, H., and V. Stille (Rheinstahl
Henschel A.G.). Device for compression
of automobile bodies. Switzerland 476,571;
filed Jan. 24, 1969; issued Aug. 15, 1969.

The device crushes discarded automobiles
into flat-faced packets which can be easily
stacked and shipped. The degree of compaction
is not so high as to adversely affect the
subsequent cutting or shredding of the metal.
In operation, the automobile body is placed
in the device so that its bottom plate rests
on the side flaps and its longitudinal axis
is at right angles to that of the base of
the device. The end wedge is then rotated
into the horizontal position, squashing the
17
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Bulky Wastes /Collection
roof of the automobile and precreasing its
bottom plate. With the end wedge locked
hydraulically in that position, both side
flaps are rotated symmetrically towards each
other, folding the body about the lower edge
of the end wedge. The forces required to
\
B
perform the operations are quite small in
comparison with those of the conventional
scrap-metal presses. (Text in German)
BULKY WASTES
INT-0057
Pioch, R. J. Handling and compacting
apparatus for loose bulk material. Great
Britain 1,159,922; filed July 19, 1966;
issued July 30, 1969.

A handling and compacting apparatus for loose
bulk materials is of particular, though not
exclusive, application for compacting refuse
and loading it into containers to facilitate
the hauling and disposal of refuse with a
minimum of equipment and labor. The apparatus
handles a wide variety of materials differing in
density, size, and moisture content, such as
those encountered in general refuse which may be
collected from household sources, as well as
those in industrial wastes. The apparatus
includes a ram housing comprising spaced parallel
sidewalls, a header bar, interconnecting upper
front corner portions of the sidewalls, and a
ram movable through the housing from a retracted
position spaced from the header bar, to a
projected position under the header bar, so that
the material in the housing may be forced into
a receiver. There is a means for sensing
bending of the header bar, including a shaft
INT-0056
Herter, M. Roadway device for grinding and
transporting of wastes and other bulk goods.
Germany 1,288,002; filed Mar. 31, 1967;
issued Jan. 23, 1969.

A mobile waste disposing and disintegrating
vehicle has a horizontal cylindrical vessel
whose rear end is pivotable into an open
position for the reception of waste. To
«! 52 49 54 55 SI 58
grind the bulky waste, the interior of the
vessel has a reversibly driven, coaxially
journalled worm screw displaced axially by
a drive. (Text in German)
extending parallel to and rotatable with respect
to the header bar. The sensing means is adapted
to modify the actuation of the ram when the bar is
bent, and cam and follower elements, carried by
intermediate portions of the header bar and shaft,
rock the shaft in response to bowing of the
header bar.
COLLECTION
INT-0058
Ballert, 0. (Armin Tenner
Kommanditgesellschaft). Equipment on refuse
collecting vehicles for emptying cans.
Switzerland 236,955; filed Jan. 8, 1943;
issued Mar. 31, 1945.

The vehicle has a container with a feeding
inlet on the rear side. The cans are
emptied by the lifting effected by a swinging
18
-------
0056-0061
lever, tiltably arranged at the feeding inlet.
The lever is actuated by a driving mechanism
consisting of a pressure-operated cylinder
and a piston. A piston rod of the driving
mechanism connects to a carrier at the
feeding inlet. At the cylinder, which is
movably mounted on the piston, is a dented
rod which fits into the gear that drives the
swinging lever. (Text in German)

INT-0059
Sherwood, E. M. Improvements in and
connected with dustbins to be used in
connection with dustless refuse carts. Great
Britain 576,170; filed Feb. 7, 1944; issued
Mar. 21, 1946.

A detachable attachment for dustbins com-
prises a band or a collar to be fitted
around the top of a dustbin. The band or
collar has a circular flange which extends
laterally, and which is adapted to act as a
dust-tight sealing rim around the opening,
uncovered by the shutter in a refuse
collector when the bin is being emptied.
The lid is secured to a hinged bar, and the
bar is provided with an upwardly curved part,
intended to cooperate with devices on the
cart when the loading bar is in engagement
with hooks, or the like, on the cart.
INT-0060
Linde, H. Collecting container for refuse
or the like. Great Britain 582,200; filed
Mar. 27, 1940; issued Nov. 8, 1946.

A collecting container for refuse, or the like,
is mounted on a vehicle which is provided
with a conveyor screw, which can be rotated in
a tubelike casing for feeding refuse through
the end opening of the casing, under pressure,
into the container. Along part of the circum-
ference of the casing, the clearance between
the screw and the casing is closer to the front
edge of the charge opening provided in the
casing than it is to either or both ends of
the screw surface. The end of the conveyor
screw can be mounted in a cantilever fashion,
but it can also include the screw extending
with its shaft through the whole container
and journalled at its front end. The foremost
end of the tubelike casing may be conically,
or otherwise contracted, in order to enable
a better concentration of the press action
and to prevent reentrance of the refuse.

INT-0061
Anthony, W. C. (Anthony Company). Refuse
body. Canada 440,101; filed Mar. 7, 1945;
issued Mar. 11, 1947.

The refuse-receiving container on a refuse
body is closed except along a restricted
area at its top and at its rear, where a
movable and latchable gate is provided. A
blade, whose area and shape duplicates the
cross section of the interior of the body,
packs the refuse in the vehicle and discharges
it when the gate is opened. The blade is
supported on a dolly which runs on tracks
positioned above and along the opening in
the top of the body. A hydraulic piston
and cylinder assembly is positioned above and
adjacent to the opening in the top of the
body. Flexible connections from the piston
to the dolly enable the dolly to move when
19
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Collection

the piston does. Pressure fluid is supplied
to the cylinder, and it is directed to one or
the other end of the cylinder to move the
piston positively in either direction. A
safety device bypasses the fluid from the
cylinder, when the controlling means is
activated by the door when the latter is
closed, and actuated by a spring biased to
move it outwardly when the door is open. The
releases are set to yield at different
pressures.
7r
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s
i
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i

INT0062
Heil, J. F., and A. H. Samuelsen (The Heil
Company). Refuse bodies. Canada 443,074;
filed Feb. 7, 1946; issued July 22, 1947.

A refuse collection truck has an upper
loading opening. A refuse bucket is movably
mounted on arms having their inner ends
externally, pivotally mounted on side portions
of the body. The bucket is normally disposed
adjacent to the lower rear portion of the
body. Power means swing the arms to move the
bucket from its normal lowered position in
registration with the loading opening. A com-
bination closure and material-packing panel
is mounted by hinges to the body to move
through the loading opening, in and out of
the body. When the panel is in a fully
opened position, it is projected upwardly and
outwardly relative to marginal portions of
the loading opening. It is formed with
projecting wings, whereby it may serve as a
guide hopper relative to material dumped from
the bucket through the loading opening. Rods,
adjacent to the outer side portions of the
body, connect the panel to the arms to
transmit motion from the latter to the former.
INT-0063
Hugh, P. G., and L. D. Watts (P. G. Hugh,
L. D. Watts, and Scammell Lorries Limited).
Tipping mechanism for emptying refuse
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 595,516;
filed July 5, 1945; issued Dec. 8, 1947.

In a refuse-collecting vehicle, there are
20
-------
0062-0066
hydraulic cylinders and rams for tipping the
body. These are located in a space between
the forward end of the tipping body and a
cab mounted on the vehicle frame. The loading
receptacle is interconnected with the body,
and the vehicle frame is interconnected by
flexible cables. In this manner, the loading
receptacle will be automatically displaced to
uncover the discharge opening when the body
is tipped to discharge the refuse collected
therein.

INT-0064
Walter, J. C. (J. C. Walter, and The Eagle
Engineering Company Limited). Improvements
in refuse collecting vehicles. Great Britain
597,493; filed Aug. 22, 1945; issued Jan.
27, 1948.

This invention consists of a refuse-collecting
vehicle which incorporates a container provided
with a pug screw and a traversably mounted
disc which, under pressure, is automatically
coupled to the screw shaft and decoupled
according to the pressure of the material
fed into the container. A cylindrical
container, mounted on the vehicle frame, is
provided at its rear end witn a hopper, into
which the refuse material is introduced.
Refuse is transferred to the interior by a
power-driven, bladed pug screw and encounters
the traversable disc, thus building up a
pressure against one face of the disc which
engages a spring-loaded clutch. When the
feeding of material stops or is markedly
reduced, pressure on the disc is diminished
and the clutch is disengaged.

INT 0065
Sherwood, J., and S. Allchurch. Improvements
in and relating to refuse collectors and the
like. Great Britain 606,775; filed Jan. 18,
1946; issued Aug. 19, 1948.

Refuse which is to be collected and transported
by a collection vehicle is first loaded into
a filling box attached to a collecting body
at the rear of the vehicle, and then trans-
ferred from the filling box to the collecting
body by tipping the body with the box
attached. This operation is repeated each
time the box is full until the load, which is
packed into the body, is finally discharged.
In the collector, there are two telescopically
assembled tubes capable of extension and
contraction under the action of hydraulic
pressure. The lower end of the inner tube is
secured to a hinged base mounted on the
chassis of the vehicle, and the lower end ,jf
the outer tube can slide against the collect-
ing body. It is also adapted to be prevented
from sliding when it is required that the
collecting body be moved. The sliding
mechanism of the collector consists of a
sleeve provided with trunnionlike projections,
fixed around and near the lower end of the
outer tube, and engaging within two channel
irons arranged opposite and parallel to one
another in a recess in the collecting body,
and guided thereby.

INT-0066
Palmer, R. G. (The Eagle Engineering Company
Limited). Improvements in or connected with
refuse collecting vehicles. Great Britain
612,969; filed June 11, 1947; issued Nov. 19,
1948.

A refuse vehicle is provided at its open rear
end with a hinged hood which forms a con-
tainer for a traversable compression plate
21
-------
Collection
when in its outermost position. A container
is also provided for refuse which is collected
and compressed during loading. The hood is
power-operated through a flexible coupling
with a wire cable passing over pulleys. A
compressor plate and a ram-operating mechanism
are interconnected by means of lugged brackets
and a linkage located within the hood; the
compressor mechanism is operated when the hood
has been raised. Compressed refuse is ejected
by gravity or by action of the compressor
plate.
INT-0067
Duis, G. A. Improvements in or relating
to hydraulic load-packing and load-discharging
apparatus for refuse vehicle bodies and
similar load-containers. Great Britain
621,118; filed Aug. 23, 1945; issued Apr. 5,
1949.

An hydraulic apparatus is proposed for
compacting refuse into a load container and,
by the same means, to discharge a previously
packed load by opening a normally closed
discharge aperture in the rear of the con-
tainer. Packing and discharging is achieved
by a vertical transverse member which moves
longitudinally on rollers along rails dis-
posed at the top, parallel to the roof of the
load container. A cylinder, fixed above or
within the upper part of the container, is
provided with a piston and projecting piston
rods which are connected by cables to the
packing assembly. The power system, which
activates the packing and discharging
assembly, comprises an hydraulic piston motor
which powers a double-acting piston and
cylinder assembly connected to an hydraulic
circuit. Hydraulic pressure fluid is supplied
to one or the other side of the piston which
is governed by a controlling system, operable
from within the driver's cab. Thus, the
refuse is packed in one direction and
discharged, through the rear door, in the
opposite direction. (See also Great Britain
589,775)
=.
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INT-0068
Dear, A. T. C. (Lewin Road Sweepers
Limited). Improvements in or relating to
refuse collecting vehicles. Great Britain
633,851; filed Jan. 8, 1947; issued Dec. 30,
1949.

The refuse-collecting vehicle is provided
with a chassis with the usual driver's
compartment at its front end. In front of this
compartment is a power unit, and behind it is
a sheet metal refuse container having a
vertical charging door. Refuse is introduced
through this door onto a transverse, horizon-
tal, endless belt conveyor, whereby it is
discharged to a horizontally rotating,
longitudinal screw impeller. It is then
transferred onto a longitudinal conveyor
belt which forces the refuse toward the

22
-------
0067-0072
rear. The container is emptied through a
door at the rear of the vehicle. The roof
is provided with hinged doors to allow entry,
when required, of bulky articles. Space, when
not occupied by the loading mechanism,
provides seats for the loading operators.
(See also Great Britain 611,758)

INT-0069
Plichta, P. and J. Karst. Emptying device for
vehicles transporting solid material. Germany
863,619; filed July 8, 1949; issued Nov. 26,
1950.

A container for solid material has two rows
of wheels installed on both lateral walls.
The wheels run in rails mounted on a structure
attached to the truck chassis. The container
is pulled out for emptying by a rope and
pulley. The bottom end of the container,
facing the driver's cabin, is slanted. (Text
in German)

INT-0070
Meats, W. H., and D. McGettigan (The Eagle
Engineering Company Limited). Improvements
in refuse collecting vehicles. Great
Britain 651,636; filed Nov. 6, 1948;
issued Apr. 4, 1951.

This improvement applies particularly to
collecting vehicles having a traversable
pressure plate which compresses refuse within
the body of the vehicle. A pivotally mounted,
hydraulic ram is connected to a traversable
e J
carriage, which is mounted on rollers with
guide rails. An opposing, normally vertical
plate is mounted at the rear of the vehicle.
Extension of the ram compresses the contained
refuse against the pressure plate which can
be withdrawn to a position parallel to the
floor of the body in order to empty the vehicle.
This operation is controlled by a lever
device, linked in alternative ways to the
pressure plate.

IIMT-0071
Seitz, F. X. Dust cart. Switzerland
274,751; filed July 8, 1949; issued Apr. 30,
1951.

The chassis of the dust cart bears a tillable
platform which turns on an axis at its lower
end. A lifting mechanism on the chassis is
used for this operation. When a container
rests on the tipping platform whose rear wall
is hinged to the platform, the rear wall is
closed by a rod, and a pleated curtain seals
the loading inlet in order to prevent spread-
ing the dust. (Text in German)

INT-0072
Doorne, H. J. van. Garbage collection truck.
Switzerland 278,216; filed Aug. 19, 1948;
issued Oct. 15, 1951.

This device for lifting and emptying garbage
cans into garbage collection trucks and then
compacting the refuse, avoids all hydraulic
actuators by making use of a system of levers
which are moved by an endless chain. This
chain extends between two pulleys and runs
in semicircular channels. A shaft from the
«--WiB^ '
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23
-------
Collection
truck's engine drives one of the pulleys.
A stud is fastened to the chain which engages
with the main lever, converting the rotary
movement of the chain into the lever's recipro-
cating action. A platform, which receives
the can to be emptied, is attached to the main
lever. As the can is tilted, a plate inside
the truck's body moves downward with the can,
and thus compacts the freshly loaded garbage.
Because of the system of small levers and
handles, the loading action can be started
or halted within a loading cycle. A release
mechanism disengages the lifting device from
the driving shaft after the completion of a
loading cycle. Two loading and compacting
devices can be arranged side by side at the
rear of a collection truck. (See also Great
Britain 651,156) (Text in French)
INT-0073
Combuechen, P. (Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz
Aktiengesellschaft). Truck for transportation
of solid material, primarily refuse. Germany
886,120; filed July 8, 1949; issued Oct. 21,
1951.

This refuse transportation truck is equipped
with a vibrating device for distribution and
compaction of refuse within the truck. The
elastically mounted container is vibrated by
means of a thrust rod. The latter is driven
by the motor of the truck or a separate elec-
tric motor. The container is vibrated in a
horizontal direction. The bottom of the
container is connected with the sidewalls via
rubber bands. Only the bottom of the container
may be vibrated, or both bottom and walls.
The speed of vibration can be regulated. It
is advisable to vibrate the container rapidly
while pushing backward, and slowly while
pulling forward. (Text in German)
INT-0074
Keppner, K. W. Vehicle for the transport
of solid material, primarily refuse. Germany
826,574; filed Mar. 16, 1949; issued Nov. 29,
1951.
The disposal truck has a rotary drum, which is
perforated on all sides like a sieve, for the
reception of refuse. Underneath the drum
there is a container for collecting the
sifted fine material. The container forms
two pockets. It has openings for emptying
the material. Collection container and
rotary drum are accommodated in a common
casing. (Text in German)
INT-0075
Schmidt, K. H. Hydraulic dumping mechanism
for refuse containers with telescopic tube.
Germany 829,726; filed Dec. 22, 1950; issued
Jan. 28, 1952.

A hydraulic dumping mechanism has been
devised with a telescopic tube. The
mechanism is suitable for drum-shaped refuse
24
-------
0073-0079
containers which rest on bogie wheels. The
telescopic tube is attached to the edge of
the drum at an oblique angle to the horizontal
floor of the refuse container. The tube is
long enough to permit tilting of the container
into a dumping position and returning it into
a vertical transporting position. In the
frontal lower edge of the container there is
a recess for accommodation of the telescopic
tube in an outstretched position. (Text in
German)

INT-0076
Eckertz, H. Refuse collection vehicle with a
charging device. Germany 836,618; filed
Sept. 22, 1950; issued Mar. 13, 1952.

The refuse collection vehicle has a loading
container which is on one end movably
attached to the large refuse collection
container. With the other end, it rests on
one edge of the large container. By lifting
the loading container, its bottom unfolds.
At the closed position of the loading con-
tainer, a scraper pushes the refuse into the
large refuse container. The bottom of the
loading container projects into the large
refuse container. The loading container can
be lifted up, together with the top of the
large refuse container. (Text in German)

INT-0077
Meinen, P. (Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft).
Refuse collection container primarily for
disposal trucks. Germany 839,022; filed
July 8, 1949; issued Apr. 3, 1952.

The refuse collection container for disposal
trucks is equipped with a dust collector,
whose blower produces a slight underpressure
in the container, and which presses the
dust-laden air through a filter. In the
compressed air pipe a liquid filter is
installed. It consists of a tube-shaped
water container into which the narrower
pipe coming from the blower protrudes freely.
The pipe dips below the water level. Some
distance from the water level, a sieve is
installed which prevents the overflow of
the filtering liquid through the effect of
the pressure by the blower. A heater is
installed in the liquid filter which prevents
a thickening of the liquid at cold ambient
temperatures. The exhaust gases can be used
as fuel for the heater. An antifreeze agent
may be added to the liquid to eliminate the
necessity of a heater. (Text in German)

INT-0078
Meinen, P. (Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft).
Motor-driven refuse collection vehicle.
Germany 842,472; filed Sept. 4, 1940; issued
May 8, 1952.

The motor-driven refuse collector comprises:
a charging device for the refuse collection
container; a shovel installed immediately
behind the charging point; and a rectangular
shaped container. The shovel is lowered
during the process of emptying the garbage
can into the container. The refuse falls
right in front of the shovel. Through the
wedge-shaped cross section of the shovel,
the refuse is pushed towards the sides, and
no refuse can accumulate in the vicinity
of the rear wall of the container. The
2
\
shovel is accessible from the outside via
a lid. On the inside, this lid is also wedge
shaped. The shovel is moved, together with
the tilting mechanism, by a reciprocating
piston. The shovel extends over the entire
width of the container. (Text in German)

INT-0079
(J. Ochsner and Company A.G.). Method and
equipment for collecting refuse and rubbish
by means of large capacity cans. Switzerland
284,308; filed Oct. 5, 1949; issued July 31,
1952.

Large-capacity cans can be easily transported
25
-------
Collection
by means of a two-wheel transport barrow.
The wheelbarrow consists of at least one
handle and two supports where the cans rest.
The wheels of the barrow are pivotal. By
pressing down the handle of the barrow, the
large-capacity can may be easily lifted. The
handle of the wheelbarrow can be moved to
another position and secured in order to move
two or more cans. (Text in German)

INT-0080
Kroengen, C. Collection vehicle for refuse
or solid material with exchangeable container.
Germany 854,917; filed Nov. 11, 1950; issued
Sept. 4, 1952.

A refuse collection vehicle has a receptacle
with rear and lateral openings for the
loading of refuse, and bottom openings for
unloading. It also has adjustable legs for
setting it on the ground. To load the con-
tainer on the vehicle, the forked undercarriage
is placed underneath the container, and the
rear bar is locked. Then the legs are removed.
The container comes to rest on the supporting
beams of the undercarriage. The openings in
the container are fit for standard-sized
garbage cans, as well as for all other types.
The full container is lifted on a collective
transportation medium. After emptying on
the dump site, the container is driven back,
unloaded, and the forked undercarriage is placed
under it and freshly loaded. (Text in German)
INT-0081
Gibson, G. T., and W. H. W. Ramsay, Jr.
(John Gibson and Son Limited). Improvements
in or relating to refuse-collecting vehicles.
Great Britain 680,174; filed Sept. 12, 1950;
issued Oct. 1, 1952.

The invention relates to an improved discharge
door affixed either to the rear end or side
of a waste collection vehicle body, which
empties itself by tipping. The door structure,
pendulously attached by its upper end, com-
prises oppositely inclined upper and lower
wall sections extending between and connecting
a pair of vertical outer sideplates. These
plates, together with a bottom wall, form a
cavity for the introduction of refuse from
the outside. This cavity is positioned above
a charging chamber with a floor curved toward
an opening into the interior of the vehicle
body. The inner wall is provided with an
inclined section, powered by an hydraulic
ram, which sweeps the refuse into the vehicle.
When the vehicle is tipped for emptying, the
door structure swings free on its upper
pivots and allows the refuse to flow out.
(See also Great Britain 742,833)

INT-0082
Ochsner, J. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Device for the dust-free emptying of refuse
pails into refuse collecting vehicles.
Great Britain 681,323; filed Aug. 3, 1950;
issued Oct. 22, 1952.

The device has a closure member supported
adjacent to the opening of the vehicle body,
which is adapted to be coupled with a handle
on the pail cover. A spring-controlled hook
is pivotally mounted, which during the
forward movement of the hood during the
emptying of the pail, engages a loop provided
on the pail cover for the purpose of opening
the cover. A control member is provided
which cooperates with the hook and causes it
to move against the action of the spring to
26
-------
0080-0085
its inoperative position. The carrier
provided for supporting the refuse pail,
which is capable of being raised and pivoted,
features an eccentrically pivoted lever which
engages rollers on the carrier.
INT-0083
Feidert, J. Collection equipment for all
types of wastes, primarily rubbish.
Switzerland 286,394; filed Oct. 31, 1950;
issued Oct. 31 , 1952.

Rubbish collection, as well as collection of
other types of refuse, is facilitated by
a container which rests on a chassis on
pivot bearings. The container, which can
Jl —

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i ] 6
be tipped forward and backward, is loaded
from the rear. The loading shaft is
separated from the main part of the
container by a board that is rigidly
attached to the container door. A flap
mounted to this board opens only into the
main container section, not into the loading
shaft. When the loading shaft is filled
with waste, the container is tilted, the
flap opens, and the waste falls into the
interior of the container. The pivot
bearings have special locking mechanisms
attached to springs. They are operated
manually by a lever. By unlocking one
bearing, the other is automatically locked.
(Text in German)

INT-0084
Edwards, C. K. (Shelvoke and Drewry Limited).
Improvements in and relating to refuse
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 682,876;
filed Nov. 21, 1949; issued Nov. 19, 1952.

A tipping hoist unit, which is attachable to
a collecting vehicle primarily designed for
hand loading, can mechanically lift and dis-
charge large containers into the vehicle. The
hoist assembly, located at the front end side,
comprises a pair of vertical tracks and a
pair of L-shaped tracks which are bent at
90 degrees over the edge of the vehicle.
Refuse is transported in wheeled containers
which can be attached to the hoist and
carriage. This cable-suspended carriage is
fitted to the tracks and is raised and
Lowered by a winch drum, to which the cables
are attached. Tipping is actuated by
projecting forks at the side of the container.
A snail disc jack supports the body during
Loading. The hoist is readily detachable
and replaceable by means of bolted clamps
which fit over the sides of the body wall.

INT-0085
Weibelzahl, H. R. E. Refuse collection
vehicle. Germany 894,525; filed July 8,
I949; issued Jan. 29, 1953.

Coupled to this refuse collection vehicle is
a trailer equipped with a transporting mechan-
27
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Collection
ism, charging device, and dust collector. The
refuse collection container, a box-shaped
structure of suitable material, may be mounted
on a chassis of any type of truck. The trailer
with the charging device is equipped with a
motor for driving the transporting mechanism
and a dust collector. As garbage cans are
emptied into this part of the vehicle, and the
refuse is transported by several screw convey-
ors into the refuse conta~ ner. Using this
arrangement, more refuse can be transported
by the truck. Several garbage cans may be
emptied into the truck simultaneously. In
case of a failure of the charging device,
another trailer with a similar arrangement
is coupled to the truck. (Text in German)

IIMT-0086
Evans, L. W. (Glover, Webb and Liversidge
Limited). Refuse collecting vehicle. Great
Britain 707,317; filed Oct. 26, 1950; issued
Apr. 14, 1954.

Refuse is collected in a bin mounted on the
chassis of a motor vehicle which is equipped
with an hydraulic lift. This lift tilts the
bin to unload the refuse through a rear com-
pressing door which is pivoted at its top to
swing outwardly. Refuse is compressed by the
inward swing of the door, which is driven by
two hydraulic rams. These rams are mounted
parallel to the container bin roof and attached
through pivots to the top part of the door.
An inner door is mounted coaxially with the
compressing door, and it holds compressed
refuse in place when the compressing door
returns to the rear to assume its open
loading position. (See also Great Britain
942,792 and 1 ,119,317)

INT-0087
Inuzuka, I. Small garbage truck. Japan
29-3,854; filed June 27, 1952; issued June 30,
1954.

Although basically a small-sized trailer
truck, this vehicle also serves as a tractor
and a detachable trailer. Each part of the
truck has a container equipped with rollers
to allow easy movement back and forth along
the guide rail tracks provided on the rear
body of the truck and on the trailer. Both
containers are the same, and therefore are
easily interchangeable. A detachable coupling
rod hooks up the trailer with the tractor
(truck) when both should move as a combined
unit, or is replaced with a steering rod when
the trailer is used as a pushcart. When
garbage has to be collected from back alleys
or small streets, the trailer is detached
from the tractor, converted to a push cart,
and pushed along the alleys to pick up the
refuse. When fully loaded, the first container
is interchanged with the empty one on the
tractor. As a result, a small garbage
truck can take care of a workload twice its
normal capacity. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0088
(Glover, Webb and Liversidge Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse col-
lecting vehicles and the like. Australia
157,868; filed May 14, "952; issued July 27,
1954.

A refuse-collecting vehicle has a loading
compartment with a moving floor actuated
by at least three conveyor chains and a
movable barrier within the compartment in
order to compress the refuse. Each conveyor
chain is discontinuous; its two ends are
connected to and independently adjustable on
the barrier. One end of each chain is pro-
vided with a screw-threaded rod which is free
to rotate thereon without axial movement,
and which is threaded with an internally
screw-threaded part of the barrier. The
other end of the chain is provided with a
28
-------
0086-0091
screw-threaded, rigid rod, connected to the
barrier. The conveyor chains are operated
by power from the vehicle's engine via a
gearbox having forward, reverse, and neutral
positions. At the end of each length of
travel, the barrier knocks against a stop
which throws the gearbox into neutral, thus
stopping the movement of the floor.
TT

INT-0089
Dawes, H. W. (Dennis Brothers Limited).
A bin lifting and tipping mechanism for a
refuse-collecting vehicle. Great Britain
719,825; filed Jan. 30, 1953; issued Dec. 8,
1954.

The type of tipping mechanism described is
of the kind in which the pair of transversely
spaced arms is carried by a supporting link
or links, suspended from the top of the tail
board or other rear part of the vehicle and
swingable, for lifting or tipping, by a
power means provided on the vehicle. With
the mechanism in its lowered position, these
arms may be locked either in an inoperative,
hanging position, or in a generally horizontal,
rearwardly extending operative position. The
free ends of the arms feature notches in
their upper edges to receive trunnions on a
bin to be lifted, and devices to retain the
trunnions. The transverse shaft of the
mechanism is connected, axially inwardly of
the links, with hydraulic jacks which form
the power means for swinging the supporting
link or links.

INT-0090
Gibson, G. T. and W. H. W. Ramsay, Jr. (John
Gibson and Son Limited). Improvements in
or relating to refuse collecting vehicles.
Great Britain 727,861; filed June 13, 1953;
issued April 6, 1955.

The improvements in prior patent specifications
in a refuse-collecting vehicle or tailgate
structure comprise paddle supporting elements
secured to and extending outwards from a
paddle shaft, paddles rotatably supported by
the elements, and a mechanism for maintaining
the paddles in a constant upright position
when the paddle shaft is rotated. Each paddle
is mounted to turn with a wheel geared to a
fixed central wheel on the paddle shaft
axis. The power mechanism for turning the
paddle device comprises a rope and pulley
mechanism operated by a single ram cylinder,
the paddle shaft being driven through a
one-way drive clutch.

INT-0091
FeLdert, J. Improvements in and relating to
road-vehicle refuse-collecting containers.
Great Britain 730,392; filed July 14, 1952;
issued May 25, 1955.

This invention concerns a controlling device,
built on a road vehicle, for the loading and
unloading of the container as well as the
changeover of the container with another
similar container of a transporting body.
The bearings, about which the container can
be tilted between its loading and unloading
positions, are provided with pressure
29
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Collection
cylinders having displaceable lock-pistons
controlled by valves to bolt or unbolt the
bearings. The changeover position is
effected by the simultaneous unbolting of
all bearings by the lock-pistons.
I NT 0092
Finch, R. M. and H. S. Hannam (The Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the City
of Nottingham). An improved refuse
collecting vehicle. Great Britain 730,882;
filed July 3, 1952; issued June 1, 1955.

This invention provides a vehicle, for
collecting refuse from dustbins, having at
least one open-mouthed housing for receiving
the open end of a bin, and a brush mounted
within the housing for rotation within the
bin, and means for rotating the brush while
it is inserted within the bin. The brush
is rotated by the vehicle engine. The
vehicle features a base part of the housing
which is readily removable for emptying all
material received from the dustbins after
being cleaned by the brush. The bristle
tufts of the brush are arranged in a helix
by which means the tufts propel refuse in
the bin rearwardly through the open mouth
of the bin.
INT-0093
Staudenmeier, G., H. Tilch, F. Kaiser,
and A. Blessing (A. Talenti, and Keller and
Knappich Maschinenfabrik G.m.b.H.). Refuse
vehicle loading and unloading. Canada 528,'
629; filed Apr. 12, 1950; issued July 31,1956.

A device for the loading and unloading of
vehicles carrying loose material comprises
a rotary, drum-shaped tank, horizontally
mounted on the vehicle, in combination with
a blade wheel, adapted to rotate with the
tank, and several inclined conveying guide
plates for distributing the material through
the tank. The blade wheel, mounted
coaxially with an end of the tank in which
there is an opening, comprises a hollow
cylinder of a larger inside diameter than
the tank opening, and a number of radially
directed conveyor blades disposed around the
inner circumference of the cylinder.
Material which enters the tank through the
opening is introduced into the wheel by the
conveyor blades. A circular cover mounted
on the stationary part of the vehicle is
able to swing about the axis of rotation of
the tank. The cover may be locked to the
stationary part of the vehicle, or to the
rotary drum and blade wheel unit. An
adjustable stop mounted on the cover is
adapted for engagement with a stationary
abutment, or with a stop on the rotary drum
and blade wheel unit. Mounted on the cover
and able to swing with it, is a chute which,
when in the charging position, provides that
any loose material falling out of the blade
wheel slides into the tank. When the chute
is in the discharging position, the loose
material slides outwards through the chute.
A collecting receptacle, having an opening
capable of being closed and a capacity at
least sufficient for the clearance losses
of one tank charge, is located underneath the
clearance between the cover and the blade
wheel.
INT-0094
Yashiro, M. (Kongo Seisakusho Company, Ltd.).
Garbage truck. Japan 31-7,760; filed Nov. 17,
1954; issued Sept. 17, 1956.

A dump truck specially designed for the
collection of garbage, trash, and similar
solid wastes features an interlock loading
30
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0092-0096
and unloading mechanism. The main arm of
the loading bucket fits onto a shaft on
the lower side of the dump container. The
shaft leads to a loading hoist under the
bottom of the dump container by means of
another short arm. An automatically inter-
locking arm extends from the main arm
to the top of the front pressing board, which
swings open when pushed up by the interlock
arm, and presses the loaded garbage when
pulled down. On the top end of the main arm
are provided pulleys, along with the bucket,
which hold a line of wire with a hook. Both
the rear side and the rear door of the
container are curved to allow the bucket to
slide smoothly along their surfaces. When
the full bucket is lifted, the interlocking
arm pushes the pressing board from the
opening. The garbage is dumped, the arm
recedes, and the pressing board compacts the
garbage. For dumping, a line with a hook
provided at the top end of the main arm of
the loading bucket is hooked up to the rear
door. As the main arm is hoisted up by means
of the loading hoist, the rear door opens,
and the whole container is lifted. (Text in
Japanese)
INT-0095
Dear, A. T. C., and A. W. Lambert (Lewin
Road Sweepers Limited). Improvements in
or relating to refuse collecting vehicles.
Great Britain 761,183; filed July 16, 1954;
issued Nov. 14, 1956.

The refuse-collecting vehicle comprises a
body for the refuse, a refuse receiving
opening, a feeder for charging refuse into
the body, and means for tipping the body
about a pivotal axis disposed at the rear
lower end to effect gravitational discharge.
A closure device is hinged about a horizontal
axis disposed at the rear upper part of the
body so as to be swingable to the rear and
upward, into an open position, to enable the
gravitational discharge, and to be swingable
downward and forward into a closed position.
A feed plate is hinged to the closure device
and it is swingable from a lowered position,
such that refuse can be loaded thereon, to an
elevated position in which the refuse is
deposited into the body and compacted therein
by the feed plate. The power mechanism for
operating the closure member comprises one
or more hydraulic rams connected to the upper
rear end or sides of the body, and the upper
part of the closure member.
INT-0096
Barrett, E. R. (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.).
Refuse truck. Canada 537,283; filed Dec. 5,
1951; issued Feb. 19, 1957.

A device for loading and compressing loose
material into an enclosed compartment com-
prises a hopper, mounted adjacent to an
opening of the compartment, and a compressing
panel, adjacent to the hopper. The hopper is
pivoted and movable between a lower position,
in which a concave material-receiving portion
is exposed, and an upper position, in which
the receiving portion faces the compartment
opening. The compressing panel is pivoted
and movable between a retracted position and
a compressing position. One edge of the
31
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Collection
panel adjoins one end of the concave portion
of the hopper when the latter is between its
extreme positions. A lip of the panel sweeps
across the hopper receiving portion, as it
moves from its retracted to its compressing
position. (See also Great Britain 761,124)

INT-0097
Soechting, H. (Hoerbiger and Company).
Pneumatically actuated lifting and tipping
device on refuse collection trucks for
emptying garbage cans. Switzerland 320,223;
filed Apr. 1, 1954; issued Mar. 31, 1957.

The pneumatically actuated lifting and
tipping device for emptying garbage cans into
refuse collection trucks has two different
sets of compressed air cylinders. One set is
for lifting the can, the other for tipping
it. The two lifting cylinders, which form
a sled for the can, act only in one direction,
the return movement being taken care of by
gravity. The tipping cylinder acts in
both directions. The return movement and
shaking movement is possible by the rapid
switchover of force. The sled has rollers
which run in the U-profiles of a guide rail.
When compressed air flows into the lifting
cylinders, the sled is lifted with the can.
When the sled enters the upper section of
the guide rail, the tipping cylinders are
actuated, tipping the rail, the sled, and
the can. The sled descends when the upper
guide rail section connects to the lower
guiding section which is fixed to the truck.
(Text in German)
INT-0098
Inuzuka, I. Garbage truck. Japan 32-3,514;
filed Apr. 5, 1955; issued June 10, 1957.

This garbage truck features a rotary drum-
type dump container. The container opens
at its rear and has a shaft at the front.
Since it is held in position by the shaft
bearing and rotors on which it is mounted,
it can freely rotate when driven by the
engine via a chain-drive mechanism. The
rear door, which has the garbage charging
port, usually remains closed except when
dumping garbage out, but it is closed rather
loosely, so that rotation of the drum may
not be hampered. The inside of the drum is
provided with spiral ribs so that garbage
is moved into the inner portion as the drum
revolves. For dumping, the rear door is
hoisted up by turning the handle manually,
and the drum is then rotated in the direction
counter to that in which the drum is rotated
for garbage loading. (Text in Japanese)

32
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0097-010J
INT-0099
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Garbage collection truck. Switzerland
323,259; filed Apr. 12, 1955; issued July 31,
1957.

The bottom of the loading space of the
collection truck is covered by a flexible
sheet made of rubber or steel links. The
end of the sheet which is nearer to the
front end of the truck is attached to the
bottom of the loading space, while the other
end is attached to steel ropes. By means of
winches, the ropes pull their end of the
sheet upward and toward the front end of the
truck. Thus, the garbage, which had been
loaded onto the sheet at the rear end of the
truck, is moved forward. If the garbage
contains sharp-edged material, such as metal
or glass, it is desirable to minimize the
relative movement between it and the sheet.
Therefore, in an alternative version of the
invention, the front end of the sheet is not
attached to the truck, but moves forward in
synchronization with the other end of the
sheet. Emptying the truck is effected by
pulling the rear end of the sheet down and
backward, and tilting the whole loading
space. (Text in French)
INT-0100
Williams, W. A. (Seal-Press Incorporated).
Refuse unit. Canada 548,131; filed Oct. 4,
1954; issued Oct. 29, 1957.

A refuse truck comprises a horizontal,
cylindrical body with an open rear end to
which a hinged gate is attached. The rear
end is inclined such that its uppermost por-
tion projects beyond its lowermost portion.
-//•*
Inside the body, a combined compression and
ejector plate, sloped oppositely from the
rear end, moves along a longitudinal track
with protruding, generally horizontal flanges.
Guides on the compression/ejector plate and
on the flanges constrain the motion of the
plate. This system permits the maximum
amount of refuse to be stored within a
given volume of the cylindrical body.
56
INT-0101
Zoeller, H. Garbage truck. Germany
1,022,156; filed Sept. 30, 1954; issued Jan.
2, 1958.
This garbage truck is designed for the
mechanical loading and unloading of garbage
bv means of a pouring device by which the
garbage can be moved to the rear of the truck
33
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Collection
interior. To enable the driver of the vehicle
to control the loading or unloading of the
garbage without getting out of the cab, the
driver's cab has glass sidewalls. The gar-
bage container is brought to the truck and
emptied by another operator into the pouring
device. From that point, the driver can
control the emptying of the garbage can by a
tipping device and return the empty can.
(Text in German)
INT-0102
Linde, H. Garbage truck. Germany
1,022,519; filed May 16, 1955; issued Jan. 9,
1958.

This garbage truck features a collection
chamber which can be filled via a maneuver-
INT-0103
Gibson, G. T. (John Gibson and Son Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse-
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 789,564;
filed Sept. 12, 1955; issued Jan. 22, 1958.

The cylinder and ram assembly in the refuse-
collecting vehicle is positioned below the
able device attached to the rear wall. This
wall is also provided with an attachment to
the transport mechanism featuring an emptying
hopper. In this area, a cover is so placed
that it can be swung by its upper edge, and
it can be shut firmly, being provided with
strips of rubber for sealing. Special arms
for lifting the garbage can are operated by
means of a rail, and this operation is also
connected to the closing of the cover. (See
also Switzerland 300,497 and Canada 632,402
and 440,843) (Text in German)
floor of the body of the vehicle, and the
ram is connected to the door by means of a
link of rectangular cross section with its
major axis vertical, while the floor of the
body of the vehicle is provided with a
longitudinal slot and a cowling covering the
forward end of the slot. The slot is open
34
-------
0102-0107
at its rear end, the link passing through and
sealing the slot. The cylinder and ram
assembly is protected from contact with the
refuse, and the passage of refuse or dust
through the floor of the vehicle is pre-
vented. (See also Canada 681 ,430)
joint, which is guided by the front plate.
The cover is cambered and is extended in length
over the swivel joints. The housing is pro-
tected against the inward swing of the front
plate by rubber cushions on the interior.
(Text in German)
INT-0104
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Streuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Garbage can cover. Germany
1,023,398; filed Dec. 8, 1953; issued Jan. 23,
1958.

A device, for covering garbage cans, is
designed to facilitate the emptying of
garbage when the container is tilted. This is
done in such a manner that the operation is
dust free. The cover is attached to the can
by means of a hinge at the upper circumference
of the vessel and can be opened in a tipped
position. The mechanism for tipping is
devised so that, in the tipped position, it
is limited to the angle most suitable for
emptying. (Text in German)
INT-0105
Schaffner, G. (Schmidt and Melmer). Refuse
bucket pouring device. Germany 1,023,719;
filed Aug. 13, 1956; issued Jan. 30, 1958.

This pouring device features a front plate
fastened to the sidewalls of the emptying
device by an axle. The opening for the
introduction of the refuse can be closed by
a cover, which is movable by means of a swivel
INT-0106
Zoeller, H. Procedure for dust-free disin-
fection of refuse receptacles during their
emptying into the collection container and a
device for carrying out the operation. Germany
1,024,875; filed June 6, 1953; issued Feb.
20, 1958.

This is a procedure which is useful in disin-
fecting garbage cans at the time of their
being emptied into the collection van. The
disinfection is carried out by means of
spraying with a mist into the open can and on
the inside of the cover. This operation is
performed automatically in the tipping of the
can backward and forward; the garbage is also
sprayed with the disinfectant simultaneously.
The device for carrying out this operation
has a compressed air cylinder, with valves
leading to a control device, which works in
connection with the moving parts of the tipper
and with a compressed air-driven hydraulic
pump with valves leading to the main con-
tainer. (Text in German)

INT-0107
Armitage, J. B. (Freighters Limited). Improve-
ments relating to mobile garbage unit.
Australia 213,621; filed Mar. 22, 1956; issued
Mar. 10, 1958.

A mobile garbage collector has a main collec-
tion bin and a dumping bin into which the
garbage is initially deposited. A bucket is
movably mounted, on one end, upon one or more
35
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Collection
pairs of substantially longitudinal supports
of uneven lengths, pivoted to the bucket and
main bin. The articulated supports effect
an angular movement whereby the bucket is
raised from a lower filling position to an
elevated discharge position, during which it
describes a relative angular movement so as
to be inverted in the discharge position.
In response to the movement of the bucket
from a filling to a discharge position, a
door provided at the rear of the bin permits
the discharge of the garbage from the bin.
Hydraulic means tip the main bin, relative
to the chassis, about a rearwardly disposed
transverse pivot to facilitate the dumping.
-o:
INT-0108
Zoeller, H. Hoisting and tipping device
for refuse bins. Germany 1,026,685; filed
Sept. 19, 1956; issued Mai. 20, 1958.
This device is intended for emptying refuse
bins into the collection vehicle, and, at the
same time, providing automatic manipulation
control in order to reduce noise and damage
to bins emptied manually. The tipping of
the bin is provided via a compressed air
cylinder attached directly to a swivel arm
and supported by a bracket on the main frame
through its piston rod. The bins are
elevated by means of a hoisting cylinder, with
its piston rod connected at its free end to a
rope pulley attached to the hoisting arm. The
hoisted bin is then slowly tipped to bring its
upper rim in contact with the face plate, at
which point the pistons of the cylinders are
positioned so as to allow free flow of the
activating pneumatic driving air pressure.
The return operation is controlled by a
similarly automatic procedure. (See also
Great Britain 774,413, 970,614, and 1,127,425;
Germany 1,022,157, 1,023,396, 1,024,008,
1,028,936, 1,029,283,
1,056,533, 1,094,184,
1,117,035, 1,117,478,
and 1 ,252,126; and
(Text in German)
1,024,009, 1,028,935,
1,045,898, 1,048,221,
1,097,354, 1,103,842,
1,131,141, 1,174,692,
Switzerland 339,568.
INT-0109
Huffines, J. D. Compressor mechanism for
refuse truck. Canada 557,515; filed May 25,
1956; issued May 20, 1958.

A hydraulic mechanism can compress the refuse
and elevate the truck to a dumping position.
The dump truck is of the conventional type
with a front-loading compartment, and a
larger rear dump body. A compressor blade is
mounted within the dump body and is operated
via a plunger located within an hydraulic
cylinder which is mounted longitudinally
beneath the body. The hydraulic cylinder is
connected by conduits to a valve mechanism,
which is connected by a discharge line to the
hydraulic reservoir. A compressed spring is
released by a trip mechanism at the end of
the compression stroke, thus reversing the
flow of the hydraulic fluid. The refuse is
36
-------
0108-0112
compressed and pushed into the dump
compartment. Hydraulic plungers under the
dump body lift it for dumping. A valve
plunger is operated by rod connections,
which enable the movement to be controlled
from the cab of the vehicle. The compressor
can be stopped at any time before it reaches
its full stroke by moving a lever placed on
each side of the loader compartment. This
feature is valuable for safety.

INT-0110
Haller, W. (Fahrzeugbau Haller G.m.b.H.).
Garbage truck. Germany 1,033,587; filed
July 20, 1956; issued July 3, 1958.

The assembly described comprises a bin
container mounted behind the driver cab on
the chassis frame of a suitable motor
vehicle. The rear end of this bin is
closed by a loading assembly, which projects
the refuse into the bin. The entire floor
of the latter consists of a broad, chain-
driven band made of rubber or other elastic
material, which can be rolled up on rollers
placed fore and aft within the bin. A
movable, roller-driven, vertical wall, which
is fitted inside the bin, facilitates un-
loading. (Text in German)
provided with a hasp which is kept in place
Dy a pressure spring. (Text in German)
\ >
INT-0111
Schaffner, G. (Schmidt and Melmer). A chute
for dust-free emptying of garbage cans.
Germany 1,034,099; filed Apr. 20, 1957;
issued July 10, 1958.

The chute features a front plate mounted
on an axle in the housing and separated
from the latter by its enclosure in a case.
The front plate can be rotated and is
equipped with a cover which closes auto-
matically. This cover, in the position of
swinging outward, grasps the cover of the
garbage can for the emptying process. A
device for hanging the garbage can is
constructed in the shape of a maneuverable
scoop to fit the contours of the garbage can.
This scoop is attached to the front plate
and can be fastened to it. It is also
INT-0112
Dolenga, H. Device for loading garbage
trucks. Germany 1,037,957; filed Dec. 28,
1954; issued Aug. 28, 1958.

A device is used for loading a garbage truck
by means of a paddle wheel, the latter being
mounted on wheels. The operation of the
70
37
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Collection

paddle wheel is controlled by a driving shaft
provided with a rack and pinion. The paddle
wheel lifts the garbage into a cylindrically
shaped insert which is designed to open, on
the inner parts of the paddle wheel, toward
the right and left sides. This insert is
open at the top and bottom, and is also
equipped with a chute which is fastened to
the main collection chamber. The device
allows for continuous filling. (Text in
German)

INT-0113
Grisse, H. (Schmidt and Melmer). A filling
device for garbage trucks. Germany 1,041,859;
filed Mar. 29, 1957; issued Oct. 23, 1958.

The housing of the garbage truck is provided
with a center wall which separates the back
of the housing from the front. The receiving
end is provided with sidewalls and a cover,
as well as with a removable tray at the
bottom. The front plate is movable by means
of axles which are operated for emptying the
garbage cans, and which can be brought back
to the starting position. The front plate is
provided with an airtight seal in one of its
positions, the seal being composed of flexible
material which acts as a spring under tension.
(Text in German)
•-M
INT-0114
Maass, E. (Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz
Aktiengesellschaft). Garbage truck with
filling and compressing shovel. Germany
1,043,201; filed July 11, 1957; issued Nov.
6, 1958.

The garbage truck assembly, designed to
collect refuse from garbage pails, features
two scoop shovels: one for the collection
and the other for the compression of the
refuse. The shovels are arranged to move
simultaneously about their respective
horizontal axes so that collected waste
material is taken up and compressed within
the main collection chamber. Both shovels
are operated by individual hydraulic pump
cylinders, and the entire assembly is
supported by the framework chassis of the
motor truck. (Text in German)
INT-0115
Kutscha, A. Self-loading and unloading
refuse vehicle body. Canada 565,789; filed
June 28, 1957; issued Nov. 11, 1958.

At the rear of the truck is a conveyor
system enclosed in a removable housing,
which consists of spaced chains supporting
spaced transverse flights of an L-shaped
cross section which will carry the refuse,
regardless of its characteristics. In the
interior of the loading housing are toothed
wheels that will break up bulky objects as
they are being conveyed to the distributing
conveyor on the top of the truck body. The
refuse is transported onto the upper part
of the truck, where it is discharged onto a
longitudinal conveyor similar to the other
one. The conveyors are simultaneously
controlled by the operator with power
38
-------
0113-0116
transmitted through a speed reducer to the
loading conveyor, and from there, to the
distributing conveyor. Movable panels
beneath the distributing conveyor permit the
operator to control the vertical discharge
of the refuse into different sections of the
truck. V-shaped deflectors above the
distributing conveyor direct bulky material
to the rear of the body, where it is
collected and compacted by a tiltable floor
section which, when raised, will compress the
material in that chamber.
INT-0116
Chiapella, G. (Offlcine Viberti S.p.A.).
Vehicle for the transportation of rubbish.
Switzerland 334,546; filed Mar. 6, 1956;
issued Dec. 15, 1958.

The vehicle consists of a container which
can be tipped by a hydraulic lifting device.
At the rear part of the container is a
feeding chamber, linked at its top to a
feeding chute and a compacting device. The
compacting device's blade is linked to two
tiltable arms; the other end is fastened
61
53
on the wall of the feeding chamber. A
hydraulic lifting device causes the blade
to move forward and pick up the refuse. It
is then compacted and transported into the
container. The can is emptied into the
feeding chute by means of a support which can
be tipped by a lifting device. (Text in
Italian)
39
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Collection
INT-0117
Blancke, R. Device for hanging up detachable
waste receptacles on a garbage collection
truck. Germany 1,047,113; filed Jan. 31,
1956; issued Dec. 18, 1958.

The device is designed to be suspended on a
truck which collects refuse. It is fastened
to the inner side of the door of a waste
receptacle cabinet in such manner, that
it can be lifted out. The cabinet is also
equipped with supporting pieces which can be
adjusted to hold receptacles of various
sizes. The device is mounted on a vertically
rotatable roller, and it is connected to the
cabinet by means of a joint. One end of the
joint is a lever in contact with the roller,
and the other end is another lever in contact
with the wall. The receptacle door is fastened
to the frame of the cabinet by means of
hinges. The cabinet is provided with a metal
or wooden plate used to shut off the cabinet
or the recess in the wall of the house where
it is to be located. The plate is provided
with a spring so that it stays shut until the
refuse receptacle is swung outward. (Text in
German)
INT-0118
Gilleo, L. S. Refuse hauling apparatus.
Canada 568,750; filed Apr. 6, 1955; issued
Jan. 13, 1959.

The refuse-hauling vehicle is provided with
loading doors on the side and top of the
vehicle, and it has discharge doors at the
rear. A packing plate, mounted within the
body for longitudinal movement, compresses the
contents to a high degree, thus providing a
truck of large capacity per unit volume. The
packing plate is actuated by means of screws,
which are mounted, for rotation, in forward
and rearward bearings. The direction of screw
rotation determines whether the plate goes
forward or backward. The packing plate may
be driven from the power of a conventional
truck assembly, and is controlled via a
lever which is operated through the usual
clutch pedal. When a predetermined pressure
has been reached during the packing operation,
or the plate has reached the extreme rear of
the body, or the plate has reached the forward
end of the body after having been retracted,
means are provided for arresting the movement
of the plate. The motion of the packing plate
can be controlled hydraulically or electric-
ally. The packing plate may be used for
ejecting the load through the rear door.
INT-0119
De Graaff, P. Device for emptying a garbage
can, particularly into a. garbage truck.
Germany 1,048,821; filed Nov. 9, 1955;
issued Jan. 15, 1959.

A tipping rockar connected to the rear
wall of the garbage truck is suspended in a
position from which it can be swiveled.
The garbage can is provided with a ring and
a rim which are interconnected. As an
40
-------
0117-0122
alternative, this ring can be installed in
the tipping rocker itself and the rim may
remain as part of the can. This arrangement
takes care of fastening the can in a secure
position. The upper part of the tipping
rocker has supporting surfaces for holding a
garbage can with supporting projections.
The central portion features a lip to hold
the can during the operation of tipping.
The bottom of the tipping rocker is equipped
with a ring which encloses the garbage can
in a secure position during part of the
operation. (See also Great Britain 699,504,
725,324, and 749,951, Germany 1,051,724, and
Switzerland 303,197) (Text in German)
IIMT-0120
Schmidt, K. H. Sack for introduction of
refuse into garbage disposal truck with
back and forth swinging transport plate.
Germany 1,052,311; filed Dec. 6, 1955; issued
Mar. 5, 1959.

The sack for introduction of garbage into a
garbage disposal truck features a plate which
swings forward and backward to move the gar-
bage into the collection chamber. This
motion is effected by means of hydraulic
pressure. A supplementary garbage sack,
located in the lower part of the filling sack,
has a variable capacity due to expansible
walls. The filling sack also features a
floor which moves upward and downward. This
floor is operated via an hydraulic hoisting
cylinder. (Text in German)
INT-0121
Katsura, Y. Garbage truck. Japan 34-1,408;
filed Apr. 21, 1957; issued Mar. 14, 1959.

In this garbage truck, the rear dumping
container cover is equipped with a pair of
built-in presses. The two upper corners of
the rear of the container are cut off. Both
sides of the overlap-type cover have
triangular front edges; the entire cover is
bolted onto the container at the angular
point of the front edge, so that the entire
cover may swing up and down on this bolt
axis. A lanyard or wire rope, one end of
which is fastened to the top front edge
of the cover, is guided by rollers over the
top side of the container, along the front
side, and under the bottom, to finally reach
the middle of the truck chassis where the
other end is fastened. The length of the
rope is such that the rear cover is
automatically pulled upward to open when
the container is hoisted up for dumping.
Hydraulic cylinder devices are built into
the rear cover. The upper cylinder activates
the push-in press, while the lower cylinder
activates the push-up press. When garbage
and other solid wastes dumped into the cover
pile up, the push-up press is activated to
push the wastes upward. Then the push-in
press is activated to press them inward.
Although the hydraulic pipe system is common
to both hydraulic cylinders, control valves
permit the operation of each separately.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0122
Carter, H, C. Waste packer truck. Canada
572,220; filed June 14, 1955; issued Mar. 17,
1959.

The truck has a completely closable tank-type
body with a loa ling inlet in the side shell
at the front end, and a hinged rear door for
41
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Collection
unloading. A transverse partition, capable
of being moved the length of the truck, is
positioned at the front end. When the refuse
is ready to be compacted, the ram is activated
via three spaced, parallel, longitudinal drive
screws connected to the drive shaft by chain
and sprocket. Safety means are incorporated
to prevent the ram from going past a preset
limit. The screws stop turning when one of
them has reached its limit. An abutment device,
secured to the partition ram, permits the ram
to push out the refuse when the latch is
open. If it is not open, the abutment device
is rendered inoperative.
IIMT-0123
Zoeller, H. Garbage can with streamlined
and reinforced lip. Germany 1,056,047;
filed May 28, 1956; issued Apr. 23, 1959.

A garbage can features a streamlined and
reinforced lip. The reinforcement is concen-
trated in the areas of greatest pressure:
partly around the circumference, and in the
area of the hinge for the cover. The reinforce-
ment is applied in a segmented form. The
reinforcement device is applied to both sides
of the cover hinge, the upper part being
applied under the rim of the container, and
the lower part being welded or otherwise
secured to the body of the container. (Text
in German)

INT-0124
Zoeller, H. A controlling device for a
garbage can tilter designed to throttle the
pressure leading to the pressure cylinder.
Germany 1,057,962; filed Jan. 25, 1956; issued
May 21, 1959.

A controlling device is applicable to a
garbage can tilter. This device employs a
fine adjustment valve, manually regulated
and designed to introduce pressure modifica-
tions via a damper valve with interchangeable
vents. This adjustment valve can control the
motion of the tilting arm. The regulating
valve is provided on the one side of the
pressure cylinder with an air valve, and on
the other side with a nonreturn valve and a
rapid aerating valve. Both of these devices
are connected to the air pressure cylinder
which operates the tipping housing. (Text in
German)
iNT-0125
Burton, E. Garbage loaders. Canada 576,392;
filed Sept. 14, 1956; issued May 26, 1959.

A garbage-loading device, particularly suited
for loading garbage into a truck, consists of
a pair of booms attached pivotally at their
inner ends to the vehicle, and projecting
laterally with respect to the vehicle. The
outer ends of the booms are on opposite sides
of the vehicle. A garbage-collecting bucket
is attached rotatably to the outer ends of
each boom, and a mechanism, between the vehicle
and the boom, moves the boom upward to elevate
the bucket from a lower, collecting position
to a raised position. There is also a
mechanism for rotating the bucket in the
42
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0123-0127
raised position to discharge garbage from it
into the vehicle.
INT-0126
Holtey, H. (Bischoff-Werke K.G., formerly,
Pfingstmann-Werke). Garbage truck. Germany
1,059,345; filed Sept. 12, 1956; issued
June 11, 1959.

Garbage may be emptied into this garbage
vehicle from various types of containers.
The truck comprises a chassis and a garbage
container which has a tipping device at its
rear end. This device features a filling
section which can be tipped into the main
collection chamber, and an air blower, with
a compressed air vent, having an exhaust out-
let into the main container. The air blower
is controlled from the front end of the
vehicle, via an air compressor. The tipping
device is operated by means of pneumatic
pressure. (Text in German)
J.
INT-0127
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Movable hood for the dust-free emptying of
refuse containers into a garbage truck.
Switzerland 339,120; filed Oct. 7, 1955;
issued June 15, 1959.

The hood consists of two sheet steel panels
which form a right angle. The first panel
can be shifted and turned so that the second
panel is positioned above the lid of the can
during the tipping operation. The second panel
consists of two parts: the first is rigidly
connected with the first hood panel, and the
second is spring-loaded to give way to the
lid when the garbage can is too full and its
lid is half open. Any deformation of the
panel is avoided by this method, whether the
can is tipped hydraulically or manually.
(Text in German)
43
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Collection
INT-0128
Herterich, 0. (Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz
Aktiengesellschaft). Garbage collection
truck. Switzerland 339,567; filed Jan. 10,
1956; issued June 30, 1959.

The garbage collection truck is equipped
with two shovels: one, the upper shovel, for
transporting refuse from the charging
compartment into the garbage container, and
for compacting; and the other, lower shovel,
which is shaped like a trough, for lifting
the refuse so it can be moved into the
container. The charging compartment in the
rear of the container is moved about an upper
horizontal axis; the trough-shaped shovel is
moved about a lower horizontal axis. The
shovels are operated by double-acting cylinders
which are activated by pressurized oil. In
its resting position, the transporting and
compacting shovel closes the container toward
the charging compartment. For moving and
compacting, the upper shovel swings to the
rear wall of the charging compartment. The
trough-shaped shovel, which holds the refuse,
is lifted and the upper shovel passes over it,
scraping and pushing the refuse into the
container. When the container is full, the
shovel compacts the refuse by pushing more
refuse into the container. For emptying, the
container is lifted about a rear axis. (See
also Germany 1,023,395) (Text in German)
INT-0129
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Streuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Filling device for the dust-free
emptying of garbage cans. Germany 1,065,322;
filed Mar. 5, 1957; issued Sept. 10, 1959.

This filling device is part of the main
collection chamber. A faceplate swings
between the solid walls of the filling
apparatus, and is retracted by means of
tension springs. When the faceplate swings
inward, the spring is stretched and produces,
at the end of the tipping action, a retraction
of the faceplate. A lever is provided to
modify the retraction power. (Text in German)
INT-0130
Huggins, J-. (Shelvoke and Drewry Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse-collecting
vehicles. Great Britain 835,702; filed June
17, 1957; issued May 25, 1960.

The improved design purports to provide means
whereby collected refuse is compressed under
pressure to reduce volume. A refuse-carrying
body is mounted at the rear frame of a vehicle
and is cradled on a subframe resting upon the
chassis. This subframe can be pivoted into
a vertical position for unloading. The body
alone can be pivoted to an upright position
as the load is compressed by a grid or plate,
powered by a pair of hydraulic rams with
variable controls.
44
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INT-0131
Miyahara, M. (Daihatsu Kogyo K.K.). Device
to load trash on garbage truck. Japan
35-7,764; filed Mar. 27, 1958; issued June 23,
1960.

A conventional loader usually has two pressing
devices, one a push-up type and the other a
push-in type, each operated separately with
a hydraulic cylinder. However, this loader
performs both functions with one cylinder,
and, therefore, has relatively simple opera-
tion and construction. The loader bucket
and its guide mechanism are the unique
features of the device. At the rear end of
the dump container of the truck, an arched
separator plate covers the lower half of the
rear opening of the container. This separator
plate is linked with the hoist mechanism and
can move downward to disappear below the
floor of the container when the garbage is
dumped. Behind the separator plate is the
loader bucket, equipped with a triangular
guide plate at the front side. A flexible
plate suspended from the top above the
0128-0133
separator plate serves as a lid for a feed-in
port formed between the ceiling and the
separator plate. This flexible lid prevents
garbage from falling out as the bucket
is withdrawn. As garbage is thrown in and
accumulates in the loader bucket resting
on the bottom of the rear gate unit, the
hydraulic cylinder is activated to lift the
bucket. It moves upward along the arched
separator plate, guided by the front tri-
angular guide plate. When the separator
plate terminates, the bucket ejects the
garbage forcefully, since the rear angular
point of the triangular guide plate is thrust
up by the terminal end of the arched separator
plate. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0132
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Streuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Device for raising and tipping
garbage containers. Germany 1,091,480;
filed July 26, 1956; issued Oct. 20, 1960.

A device for lifting and tilting garbage
receptacles is operated by means of a lifting
cylinder or by a block and tackle arrangement.
This operation is applicable to a garbage
collection vehicle with a swinging faceplate
for dust-free emptying of garbage cans. The
swivel arm for the garbage cans, j-astened to
the back wall of the vehicle, is equipped
with perpendicular rails, and is moved on
rollers up to the faceplate of the vehicle.
The garbage can is lifted or tilted by the
swivel arm by means of a power cylinder and
lever. (See also Germany 1,056,046, 1,105,793,
and 1,157,139) (Text in German)
INT-0133
(Dempster Brothers Incorporated). Loading
devices for tipping refuse containers into
vehicles and other bodies. Great Britain
854,472; filed Mar. 4, 1959; issued Nov. 16,
1960.
The loader structure features a pair of
U-shaped lifting arms, one on each side of
the vehicle driving cab, and extending down-
ward and over it at the front end. Pickup
45
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Collection
devices at the ends of these arms extend
forward to engage the collecting bin, which
is elevated over the cab and tilted to
discharge the contents into the vehicle.
V 10
INT-0134
Zoeller, H. (E. Zoeller, and H. Schulz-
Zoeller), Garbage can chute with a retractor
for swinging front plate. Germany 1,094,659;
filed July 27, 1957; issued Dec. 8, 1960.

The retractor for the front plate consists
of a cylinder with an air vent, a piston with
caulking, and a piston rod with padding, bolts,
and a pulley. This device is operated by
5)
6f
means of pneumatic pressure. The cylinder of
the chute and that of the retractor form a
unit, and the piston of the chute is connected
with the piston of the retractor. In the
cylinder portion of the chute, various control
valves are connected by ducts. Another
feature of the device is a check-lever for
the swivel device of the garbage containers.
(See also Germany 1,053,402 and 1,093,724)
(Text in German)

INT-0135
Katsumura, G. Garbage truck. Japan 36-559;
filed Mar. 26, 1959; issued Feb. 7, 1961.

A sanitary and efficient garbage truck
features an automatic feeder/loader that
assures greater haul volume, and a device for
rapid dumping. A sealed dump container is
mounted on the rear body of a small truck.
The dump container is open-ended, but has a
rear cover that can be fixed in either an open
or closed position. In the lower part of the
cover is the feed port, which is equipped
with a pair of large, flexible rollers that
serve as the feeder/loader. A bucket just
outside of the loader, mounted on the shafts
of the two rollers, can swing downward with
the upper roller to go below the bottom of
46
-------
0134-0138
the container when the garbage is dumped. A
parabolically arched pusher plate, whose
side edges slide along the inner sidewalls
of the container, is located at the rear of
the empty container. The pusher plate is
linked with a hydraulic cylinder. After
garbage is dumped by the bucket into the
rollers to be crushed, it accumulates in the
space between the rear cover and the pusher
plate. The pusher plate is gradually pushed
forward until it reaches the front wall of the
container. For dumping the garbage, the rear
cover is opened, the bucket and rollers are
turned downward, and the pusher plate pushes
the garbage out. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0136
Quast, A. (Schmidt and Melmer). Dust-free
filling device for refuse carriers. Germany
1,101,272; filed Oct. 15, 1959; issued
Mar. 2, 1961.

A dust-free filling device includes a feeding
mechanism equipped with a movable front plate
with a textile lining. The front plate has
its axis of rotation between the sidewalls
of the shaft of the filling device, and, near
to this axis, it is provided with hooks for
attaching the refuse container during the
emptying process. When the front plate
rotates, the hinge of the cover moves in an
arc about the axis of rotation, and the cover
opens. During the first part of this process,
the lining is separated from the cover. The
lining is controlled by the opening and
shutting movement of the front plate, which
stretches the dust filter. (Text in German)
INT-0137
Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company). Refuse
collecting and transporting equipment.
Canada 630,409; filed Nov. 30, 1956; issued
Nov. 7, 1961.

A self-loading refuse vehicle has a storage
chamber and a loading hopper. Refuse is
dumped through an opening above the hopper,
by a mobile collecting container. This
container is detachably connected to the
vehicle by pivoted, rigid arms attached to
the vehicle. These arms are fastened with
pins located on the container. Flexible
cables, with hoods adapted for connection
to the container, are used to raise the
container and tilt it through the opening.
(NT-0138
Haughton, E. (E. Haughton and the Lord Mayor,
Aldermen and Citizens of the City of
Liverpool). Garbage collecting vehicles.
Canada 630,897; filed Aug. 13, 1957; issued
Nov. 14, 1961.

This garbage-collecting vehicle consists of
a tractor and semitrailer. There are three
sets of wheels: front wheels near the front
of the tractor, immediate wheels near the
rear of the tractor, and rear wheels support-
ing the semitrailer. The driving position
is approximately above the front wheels. A
transverse walk-through platform on the
tractor, in front of the intermediate wheels
and accessible from both sides, is separated
from the driving position by a transverse
partition. On the trailer is a closed body
extending beyond the intermediate wheels, and
capable of being tipped backward. It has a
loading opening at its forward end, above
47
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Collection
the level of the platform. The load can be
compacted by tipping the body backward. Doors
at the rear of i__,e body allow the load to be
discharged.
IIMT-0139
Loriot, C. P. 0. A. Refuse collecting truck.
Germany 1,120,359; filed Apr. 5, 1958;
issued Dec. 21, 1961.

A device for emptying refuse bins has a
pivotal front plate, against which a pin
is pressed when the plate is opened. There
are means, mounted behind the plate, for
gripping traction rods in the bins. These
rods are attached to bottom inserts, and
serve to move the inserts toward the opening.
(Text in German)
30 28
31
INT-0140
Gibson, G. T. (John Gibson and Son Limited).
Improvements in and relating to refuse-
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 886,671;
filed June 1, 1959; issued Jan. 10, 1962.

A refuse-collecting vehicle is provided with
a device for emptying bins. It is composed
of a bracket, pivotally mounted on the rear
of the vehicle. A lifting structure is
pivotally mounted on the bracket to support
a bin, so it can be swivelled about a hori-
zontal axis. Power-operated winding drums
are also included. Cables are connected to
the bin-lifting structure. The structure
cooperates with vertical guides when raised
by the cable. A chain is anchored at one
end of the vehicle, connected by a clip to
the rim of the bin to be emptied. The bin
can be fitted in the lifting structure when
it is in a horizontal position. The clip is
attached to the rim of the bin, while the bin
is raised, by means of the winding drums and
their cables. The bin-lifting structure
48
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turns about its pivotal support; the structure
and its bracket then turn about the pivotal
support of the bracket. As the raising move-
ment continues, the chain becomes taut to
swivel the bin so it discharges its contents
into the vehicle, as the bin-lifting structure
cooperates with the guides.

INT-0141
Loskutnikov, V. A., V. I. Latskly, G. A.
Hurzin, A. L. Lyubarskiy, M. B. Fedorov,
and B. S. Bessonov. (Invention and Discoveries
Committee, Council of Ministers U.S.S.R.).
Loading machine for cleaning and removal of
snow and refuse from railroads. U.S.S.R.
144,196; filed June 5, 1961; issued Feb. 6,
1962.

This machine is designed as a suspension
aggregate with a vertical conveyor that allows
removal, transportation and loading of snow
(or wastes) into storage cars by means of a
single operating unit. A frame with the
bearing fasteners of the adducing, leading,
and guided rolleis is installed on a track
carriage. The tractive chain of the vertical
conveyor is mounted on the two spiders of its
leading and guided rollers, respectively. The
conveyor is provided with cable paddles
fastened to the tractive chain; they are
arranged in rows along the moving direction,
are U-shaped and have a length of one-third
the width of the conveyor. A rotary fencelike
spur is located at the bottom of the conveyor,
and the moving direction of the snow bulk is
controlled by a rotary screen. (Text in
Russian)

INT-0142
Foster, D. (Dennis Brothers Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse-
collection vehicles. Great Britain 890,845;
filed June 24, 1959; issued Mar. 7, 1962.

A refuse collection vehicle has a frame
which defines a loading opening which gives
access to the refuse compartment. A flap
hangs freely in the frame, supported so it
can pivot about a horizontal axis. In the
hanging position, the flap closes almost the
entire opening; it is capable of being
pivoted inward to an open position, to allow
refuse to be emptied into the refuse compart-
ment. A normally closed outlet valve is
arranged to open to allow air, displaced by
the inward pivoting movement of the flap, to
be exhausted. The valve closes on the return
of the flap. Air then flows into the vehicle
through the space between the closed flap and
the frame. A canopy is positioned around
the mouth of the refuse compartment. The
frame and the flap are rectangular. The flap,
in its closed position, occupies all of the
opening bounded by the frame, except for a
narrow gap beneath the lower edge of the flap.
The apparatus reduces dust during operation.
INT-0143
Talenti, A. Refuse collecting truck. Germany
1,126,310; filed July 23, 1958; issued Mar.
22, 1962.
X
\
JO"
-18

-17
~~20
-16
11
49
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Collection
A device for lifting and tilting bins includes
a lifting arm with a bin support fork, and a
bin-holding plate with a mouthpiece, actuated
through a crank and lever mechanism. (Text
in German)

INT-0144
Zoeller, H. (E. Zoeller, and H. Schulz-
loeller). Refuse collecting truck. Germany
1,127,278; filed Oct. 30, 1959; issued Apr.
5, 1962.

This collecting truck includes a lifting
piston cylinder, secured on a swinging arm
structure, and a hoist arrangement, fastened
on a refuse container discharger with a
tipper. The crosspieces are fitted in a
T
shortened form on the swinging arm, connected
with the cylinders via stepped journals on
boxes on their free ends, which are firmly
fixed laterally to the upper ends of the
cylinders. Locking pins penetrate both boxes
and journals. (See also Germany 1,099,933,
1,109,600, 1,113,177, 1,121,538, and
1,128,802) (Text in German)

INT-0145
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Streuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Refuse bin. Germany 1,128,803;
filed Oct. 24, 1956; issued Apr. 26, 1962.

A lid closure for refuse bins, intended for
dust-free emptying, comprises a hinged lid
and a bearing bar mounted on the sides of
the bin body, and pivoting via the lid hinge.
For locking the lid and the bar on the bin
body, the bearing bar is mounted outside the
body's p'erpendicular centerline, but displaced
relative to the lid hinge side; in bearing
position, the bar locks over a rigid handle
on the lid. (Text in German)
INT-0146
Ballert, 0. Refuse collecting truck.
Germany 1,134,331; filed May 20, 1957;
issued Aug. 2, 1962.

This vehicle has a loading device at the
rear end of the collecting container. There
is also a forwardly operating, hydraulically
actuated compression device. The collecting
container is rotatable, relative to the
remainder of the vehicle, about a vertical
axis, and it is provided at its front with a
discharge opening. The compression device
also serves for pressing the refuse out of
the container. (Text in German)
INT-0147
Hayashi, G. (Nippon Kikai Kogyo K.K.). Dehy-
drating mechanism on garbage truck. Japan
37-10,002; filed Oct. 4, 1960; issued Aug. 2,
1962.

The entire container can be pivoted backward
on the rear shaft for dumping, and forward on
the front shaft for compacting and dewatering
loaded garbage by its own weight. The front
side of the dump container is semicircular.
The rear side has a hinged cover for the
discharge opening, located in the lower half,
and another for the charging port, in the
upper half. Forked supporter plates, one for
each side, which are fitted to the lower rear
50
-------
0144-0150
end of the container, engage the rear shaft on
which the container pivots backward. The
central front shaft is held in place by
a shaft bearing and shaft supporters. The
tips of the piston rods of the two hydraulic
cylinders, which are installed on each side
of the truck chassis, are fixed to the
sidewalls of the container. The bottom of
the container is curved as the bottom of a
ship. When the stop pin of the rear shaft is
removed, the rear side of the container is
lifted and pivoted on the front shaft by the
hydraulic cylinders, so the garbage is moved
forward and the pressure of gravity squeezes
out the water. The water flows through an
outlet connected to the water tank and attached
to the chassis near the rear end. To dump the
garbage, the stop pin of the front shaft is
removed, and the container is inclined in the
opposite direction. (Text in Japanese)
°)1 *i*i**(
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Collection
INT-0151
Dijkhof, H. J. H., Jr. Improvements in or
relating to refuse wagons with loading screws.
Great Britain 907,953; filed Apr. 4, 1961;
issued Oct. 10, 1962.

To simplify the loading and unloading of
refuse wagons which have refuse reservoirs
that tip, a system of hydraulic conduits can
be used. These have actuating valves which,
in one position, drive a conveyor worm in the
loading direction, causing the refuse to be
displaced toward the front end of the
reservoir. In a second position of the
actuating valves, the conveyor worm is driven
in the unloading direction, causing the
collected refuse to be discharged from the
reservoir. The discharge is effected after
the hydraulic pressure has risen sufficiently
to cause the latch on the rear wall of the
reservoir to open, and the reservoir to tip.
1NT-0152
Smith, L. B. Packer mechanism for a refuse
truck. Canada 653,651; filed Feb. 15, 1960;
issued Dec. 11, 1962.

This packer comprises a mechanism for acti-
vating a pressing device. An energy
accumulator is connected to a prime mover,
and a clutch is interposed between the energy
accumulator and the pressing device. A device
connects the clutch in driving relation to the
energy accumulator, and in driving relation
to the pressing device. This device is
adapted, when energized, to move the pressing
device in one direction. A second clutch is
interposed between the energy accumulator and
the pressing device. This second clutch is
connected in driving relation to the energy
accumulator and to the pressing device in a
direction opposite to that imparted by the
first clutch. A control mechanism is connected
to the clutches for energizing and deenergizing
them in order to activate and then stop the
pressing device when it is moved a predetermined
distance in either direction. This mechanism
is adjusted to stop the pressing device when
a predetermined pressure is exerted against it.

INT-0153
Paggi, G. (S.p.A. F. Macchi). Feeding inlet
for emptying the contents of cans with linked
covers into a vehicle for collecting and
transporting refuse. Switzerland 366,489; filed
Mar. 28, 1959; issued Dec. 31, 1962.

The feeding inlet which extends over the con-
tainer is closed at its front side by two
moveable walls. A covered feeding chute is
provided in the lower wall. A tillable
support lifts the can, and the walls are moved
by means of two L-shaped lifting arms. When
the can is tipped, the walls move back, and
emptying is effected in a closed compartment,
thus preventing the development of dust.
(Text in Italian)
INT-0154
Allchurch, S. (Shefflex Limited). Improvements
in collecting bins and apparatus for collecting
and loading refuse. Great Britain 914,722;
filed Jan. 22, 1958; issued Jan. 2, 1963.

A refuse-collecting bin has a hinged lid with
an abutment. This abutment is adapted to
52
-------
0151-0157
cooperate with an abutment provided on a
refuse collection and loading apparatus. This
is accomplished by an intermediary abutment
provided on the hinge, which ensures that the
lid is held open while the bin is in its dis-
charge position. The device is suitable for
use with a vehicle having a refuse-receiving
chamber, where the loading aperture is in an
outer wall or shutter of an overhead loading
compartment. The wall or shutter would be
hinged and spring-urged toward a closed
position. A closure flap or gate for the
aperture would stay open during the tipping
movement of the bin to permit the contents to
pass through the loading compartment, and into
the refuse-receiving chamber. Tipping the bin
would cause the hinged wall or shutter to
open toward the loading compartment. The
wall would prevent dust from escaping to the
atmosphere. The device is especially useful
in emptying a bin where some of the contents
are bulky cardboard or other material liable
to become trapped in the lid and mouth of a
bin. (See also Great Britain 588,626,
592,403, 593,883, 596,169, 937,064, and
944,032)
12 (5
906,200; Germany 1,269,568 and 1,172,603;
and Australia 291,805) (Text in German)
INT-0155
Schaffler, G., and K. Fichtl (Keller and
Knappich G.m.b.H.). Refuse collecting vehicle.
Germany 1,144,185; filed Sept. 7, 1960; issued
Feb. 21, 1963.

A refuse-collecting vehicle has, as a material
container, a rotating drum with a stationary
rear end wall, provided with an inwardly
extending, truncated, cone-shaped charging
opening. The drum has, on the inner surface,
helical ribs of uniform height; the tapered
section of the end wall carries, on the
outside, a guide blade whose height varies
to obtain a uniform gap between the guide
blade and the ribs. (See also Great Britain
INT-0156
Yamamoto, I. (Morita Ponpu Tokushu Kogyo K.K.).
Garbage collection by a large ordinary garbage
truck plus a small garbage truck that allows
for lifting the garbage container up and down.
Japan 38-2,201; filed Nov. 17, 1960; issued
Mar. 16, 1963.

Small garbage collection trucks, used in pair?
with a larger counterpart, should each have
a dump container equipped with a mechanical
hoist-up/discharge device to transfer garbage
to the larger truck in order to conserve man-
power. The garbage is pushed out of a smaller
truck's container by means of a plate operated
by an hydraulic cylinder. Under the bottom of
the dump container are four more hydraulic
cylinders, one at each corner. These hoist
the container to the level of the large truck,
at which point, the push-plate moves the
garbage from the smaller to the larger truck.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0157
Naab, J. (E. Zoeller, and H. Schulz-Zoeller).
Refuse collecting truck. Germany 1,146,440;
filed Nov. 12, 1960; issued Mar. 28, 1963.

A tipping device for refuse-collecting trucks
provides for the dust-free emptying of dustbins.
The device is provided with a swivel arm for
the dustbin, hinged to the front plate, and a
return spring. The return spring is arranged
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Collection
between the front plate and the swivel arm
to support the movement of the arm. To retain
the swivel arm in its initial position at the
rear wall of the vehicle, a locking device
is provided. (See also Switzerland 398,454
and 401,819, Great Britain 975,668, and Germany
1,150,020, 1,176,054, 1,201,757, 1,204,579,
1,220,785, and 1,288,003) (Text in German)
INT-0158
Kamin, E. F. Refuse collection vehicle.
Canada 663,310; filed July 28, 1959; issued
May 21, 1963.

A refuse collection vehicle comprises a hollow
body having sidewalls and a floor. A compact-
ing device, mounted in the body, moves from a
retracted position in the front to a compacting
position in the rear. The packer includes a
blade, above the floor of the body, connected
to a carriage structure beneath the floor.
The carriage has a pair of arms extending
longitudinally. A guide structure defines
the path of the carriage. A double-action
piston-cylinder, beneath the floor, has the
piston rod reciprocally mounted in the cylinder,
with one end of the rod projecting from the
cylinder. That end of the rod is pivotally
connected to the carriage. The other end of
the cylinder is pivotally connected to the
body at a point in front of the packer through-
out the compaction stroke. A conduit system
admits pressure fluid to the ends of the
cylinder. Adjustable valves produce
retraction and extension of the piston rod
into and out of the cylinder. (See also Canada
575,981)

INT-0159
Aldredge, H. D., and R. L. Aldredge (Container
Service Company). Loader for refuse truck.
Canada 666,046; filed May 2, 1960; issued
July 2, 1963.

A lift and dump apparatus, used in combination
with a truck having a receptacle at its rear
end, includes a single lift arm with an
engaging device for moving a cylindrical
container. The lift arm and container can
be pivoted from a position in front of the
truck to a position adjacent and parallel
to one side. A sleeve on the lift arm can
be rotated to invert the container. A truck
using this apparatus can drive to a waste
container, lift it, dump its contents into a
packer attached to the truck, and return it
to its proper location, without the driver
leaving the truck.
INT-0160
Aldredge, H. D. (Container Service Company).
Packer body for refuse truck. Canada 666,007;
filed Dec. 17, 1959; issued July 2, 1963.
54
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0158-0162
A refuse collection truck includes a bedframe
with a body pivotally connected to it at the
rear. The body has an entrance opening at the
front and an exit opening at the rear. Based
on the bedframe, and connected to the front of
the body, is a single extensible and retract-
able device. A packing blade moves inside the
body. The blade is controlled by an actuator
outside the body, and it can be latched
against motion relative to the body. When the
blade is latched, the actuator operates the
extensible and retractable device to tilt the
body.
INT0161
Westermann, R. (Fahrzeugbau Haller G.m.b.H.).
Refuse collecting truck. Germany 1,152,357;
filed Apr. 12, 1957; issued Aug. 1, 1963.

In a refuse-collecting truck, the drive for the
internally installed distribution and conveyor
devices includes an overload clutch, and a dog
clutch, disengaged during tilting of the refuse
container. The spring-loaded clutch is located
on the vehicle frame, and it is accessible for
servicing after the container is tilted. (Text
in German)
INT-0162
Shubin, J. M. (P. S. Shubin). Refuse vehicle
and loading apparatus therefor. Canada
668,320; filed July 19, 1960; issued Aug. 6,
1963.

This invention relates to refuse-collecting
and disposal vehicles, particularly to an
improved means for loading such vehicles. The
apparatus consists of a cab section, a loading
section, and a tank section for trash storage.
The trash is loaded onto a delivery apparatus,
located between the tank and the cab. This
device delivers the refuse to the loading
bin. The loading bin contains a piston,
driven by hydraulic cylinders, which forces
the refuse through a small opening in the
forward bulkhead into the tank. The refuse
behaves as a fluid, circulating through the
55
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Collection

tank and occupying spaces of least resistance
near the bulkheads. In addition, a safety
side gate is utilized in combination with a
closure assembly to assure retention of trash
in the loading bin during the piston action.
An oversize door is also provided on the
forward bulkhead to accommodate bulky objects
that cannot pass through the conventional
opening. The mechanisms embodied in this
patent allow the entire vehicle to be filled
with refuse.

INT-0163
Talenti, A. Refuse collecting vehicle collect-
ing container. Germany 1,154,394; filed Dec.
4, 1959; issued Sept. 12, 1963.

In order to increase the useful space within
the cylindrical rotary drum devices that are
mounted on motor vehicles for the loading and
unloading of garbage, the radial vane wheel can
be redesigned. Rather than keeping it rigid
with the drum and projecting from its rear
edge, thus taking up some of the transverse
space in the vehicle, the radial vane wheel
and the drum can be defined by the same cylin-
drical surface. This is done by mounting
annular segments on a cylindrical surface
forming an extension of the terminal portion
of the drum. The segments are located in a
radial plane, equiangularly separated by void
spaces. One end of each segment is directly
connected to the outer end of a helical member
that extends into the drum; the other end is
adjacent to a radial vane that extends out of
the drum into the extention of the drum. Each
of the radial vanes is carried by a sleeve
that is journalled at one end in a hub fastened
to the drum. The sleeve is connected to the
hub by an elastic torsional member, consisting
of a steel leaf pack. One end of the pack is
received within the hub, while the other is
received into a seat provided in a bush rigid
with the vane. (Text in German)
INT-0164
(Experimental-Design Bureau of the Public
Welfare Administration of the City of Moscow).
Refuse-container collecting truck. U.S.S.R.
157,265; filed Nov. 2, 1962; issued Sept. 25,
1963.

This collection truck for refuse containers
includes: an auxiliary frame mounted on an
automobile chassis; tipping platforms con-
nected to the frame; removable containers
secured to these platforms; and a hydraulic
crane. In discharging refuse, the crane tips
the platforms on their hinges with the aid
of a cable, and thereby trips the containers.
During the loading and unloading of the con-
tainers, the overturning moment applied at
the collection truck increases considerably.
In order to increase its resistance to
overturn, a stabilization mechanism is
mounted on the auxiliary frame. (Text in
Rus s i an)
56
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0163-0166
INT-0165
Palmer, D. G., and K. L. Merther (The Eagle
Engineering Company Limited). Improvements
relating to refuse collection vehicles. Great
Britain 953,142; filed Dec. 2, 1961; issued
Mar. 25, 1964.

The apparatus has a compartment where refuse
is compressed, and a storage compartment.
The first compartment has a rocking hopper.
In the first position of the hopper, refuse
is compressed between a ram-operated device
and the fixed wall between the two compartments.
Ifa
24
22
25
A second ram rocks the hopper to bring the
refuse into register with a transfer port
in the wall. The refuse is displaced into
the storage compartment by further movement
of the compressing ram. The compression ram
occupies only the lower part of the hopper
to permit continuous filling of the hopper
during its compressing and discharging opera-
tions. The hopper is mounted to rock about
a horizontal axis. (See also Canada 773,920)
32 34'
34 35 17 0
INT-0166
Bowles, S. V. Refuse collection apparatus.
Canada 696,169; filed July 30, 1962; issued
Oct. 20, 1964.

The apparatus particularly relates to a
system in which refuse is initially transported
from homes and commercial areas by small
pickup trucks, then transferred to a large
truck, or semitrailer, for hauling to a dis-
posal or dumping site. The device has a
hopper, a dock, and a vehicle body. The
hopper is a large bin which receives the refuse
from the small pickup trucks. It is mounted
on the dock or receiving platform, and it has
a hydraulically actuated packer which acts
as a feeder, transferring trash from the
hopper to the vehicle body. The vehicle body
is modified by a packer blade, which assists
in emptying the truck at the dump site. The
blade is hydraulically operated. Other
specifications include: a chain to secure
the body of the vehicle from falling behind
the blade; and a winch and cable to control
the position of the packer blade during
loading.
57
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Collection
INT-0167
Key, F. Hermetic closure for a garbage
collection truck with automatic tipping
device for garbage cans. Switzerland 383,876;
filed Oct. 23, 1962; issued Oct. 31, 1964.

In order to prevent dust development when
tipping a garbage can into a truck, an
adjustable hood is attached to the rear end
of the truck. The hood consists of a pleated
rubber sheet, in the shape of a quarter
sphere. The pleats are reinforced by steel
arches which pivot about a common axis. The
latter coincides with the tilting axis of the
can-tipping device. One end of the hood is
attached rigidly to the superstructure of the
truck; the other carries a front plate. As
the can is lifted, its top end presses against
the front plate of the dust hood which collapses
the folding pleats. (See also Switzerland
304,326 and 275,342) (Text in French)
3
INT-0168
Endo, Y. (Kato Manufacturing Company).
Garbage truck that smashes garbage. Japan
40-243; filed Apr. 4, 1963; issued Jan. 9,
1965.

An improvement on a conventional garbage
truck which is unable to crush furniture,
lumber, etc., has a horizontal beam arranged
over the garbage dumping opening, and revers-
ible chain wheels. Regular garbage is moved
forward by the tilted floorboard, pushed up
by the front smashing rod, and is sent into
the bin for storage. Thus, continuous loading
is possible. When the garbage contains bulky
wastes, the chain wheels are reversed, the
rear smashing rod goes up, and the front
smashing rod comes down. The object to be
smashed is placed between the beam and the
rear crushing rod, which, when it goes up,
creates the cutting force and warping momentum
that crushes the garbage. If the rods are
not rounded, but have edges, the motive force
required can be reduced. The garbage-dumping
opening is in the rear, at the bottom of the
garbage transmission box. On all sides of the
box are chain wheels and guide wheels, between
which are chains. Several crushing rods are
between the chains, and when the chain wheel
is driven, the smashing rod goes up in front
of the garbage transmission box. The smashing
rod pushes the garbage up from the bottom of
the transmission box; a horizontal beam on
top of the dumping opening holds the bulky
garbage, and in concert with the smashing rods,
crushes it. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0169
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Equipment on refuse collecting vehicles for
dust-free emptying of garbage cans. Switzerland
388,851; filed July 24, 1961; issued Feb. 28,
1965.

The emptying device consists of a can-holding
device which can be lifted, by means of two
swinging levers, from the rest position into
the emptying position. The holding device is
connected to each of the swinging levers by
a lift arm and a guiding arm, forming a
quadrilateral link. Both lift arms can be
operated by a mechanism situated at the
swinging lever. To empty the cans, the lift
arms are moved, causing a movement of the
holding device with regard to the swinging
levers. In a second phase of movement, the
relative positions of the holding device and
the swinging lever remains unchanged. Dust
plates are attached at the holding device.
They are linked to the can lid, opening it
when the can is emptied into the feeding
58
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0167-0171
inlet of the hood. (See also Switzerland
286,395, 299,965, 323,850, 323,851,
338,763, 387,538, and 407,872) (Text in
German)
56
55 5*
35'
•'f3
INT-0170
Schwabe, 0. H., and M. Jung (Fahrzeugbau
Haller G.m.b.H.). Refuse truck. Germany
1,188,507; filed Jan. 27, 1962; issued Mar.
4, 1965.

A refuse truck has a discharge device consist-

J» It 22
fl
ing of a conveyor and a compression screw.
The screw takes the refuse from the conveyor,
and terminates in the refuse container. The
refuse truck also has a distributor screw
which is arranged on the roof of the container,
extending over almost its entire length. (See
also Germany 1,200,205) (Text in German)
IIMT-0171
Roedel, Max, and P. Jordan (Maschinenfabrik
Augsburg-Nuernberg A.G.). Device for emptying
garbage cans into garbage truck. Germany
1,192,583; filed May 24, 1963; issued May 6,
1965.

A device for emptying garbage cans of various
dimensions into garbage trucks is provided.
The device, affixed to the truck, is equipped
59
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Collection
with adjustable clamps and a scoop arrangement
for the Insertion of the refuse cans. It is
also fitted with the usual lifting device.
The scoop is used only in cases where the
clamps cannot be applied, that is, to cans of
unusual shape. (Text in German)
10
INT-0172
Dean, F. H. (Pak-Mor Manufacturing Company).
Power transmission assembly for refuse
handling vehicles. Canada 711,106; filed Dec.
29, 1962; issued June 8, 1965.

This refuse vehicle has a body defining a
receptacle with an opening for receiving refuse
and a discharge door at one end. When the
door is closed, the packer plate mounted in the
receptacle moves the refuse from near the
opening and compresses it against the door;
when the door is opened, the packer pushes the
compressed refuse out of the receptacle. Power
is transmitted from the vehicle motor to the
packer by a pair of parallel shafts, one
connected to the motor assembly and the other to
the packer plate assembly. Two electromagnetic
clutches, controlled by an electric circuit, are
mounted on one of the shafts. Engaging the
first clutch causes a high speed-low force
movement of the packer, which continues until
the resistance to such movement exceeds a
predetermined amount. Then the first clutch
is automatically deenergized, and the second
is engaged which effects a low speed-high force
movement. When the compaction stroke is
finished, a third clutch engages automatically
to cause a high-speed movement of the packer
away from the door. This power-transmitting
assembly is remotely controlled. It effects a
minimum packing cycle time and a maximum
packing force from a minimum power source.
"/

INT-0173
Ishihara, J. (Fuji Car Manufacturing Company,
Ltd.). Garbage truck. Japan 40-12,564; filed
Dec. 27, 1963; issued June 19, 1965.

The loading method of this garbage truck is
entirely different form that of ordinary
garbage trucks. Inside the garbage drum, which
can revolve, is a screw to push garbage out.
At the opening of the drum is an expanded
cylinder, inside of which, and equidistant
from each other, are revolving boards tilted
so that the dumped garbage is pushed deep
inside. There is a fixed cylinder with a
conical head, which can slip into the
expanded one. A spiral board to guide the
garbage surrounds the cylinder. The garbage
is dumped through the opening of the fixed
cylinder to the inside of the revolving,
expanded cylinder. The garbage is scraped
60
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0172-0176
along the outer surface of the fixed cylinder,
and the guide board pushes the garbage into
the drum. The pushing-out force of the screw
inside the drum, and the pushing-in force at
the dumping opening, serve to compress the
garbage in the front part of the fixed
cylinder. When the garbage is discharged,
there is no need to change the revolving
direction of the fixed cylinder; instead, the
fixed cylinder is taken out of the expanded
cylinder. Then, the garbage inside the drum
can be discharged by the screw. (Text in
Japanese)

INT-0174
(Societe Industrielle de Transports Auto-
mobiles S.I.T.A.). Refuse lorry loader.
Germany 1,196,122; filed Dec. 4, 1963;
issued July 1, 1965.

A refuse truck loader consists of a semi-
cylindrical trough and an element that passes
over it. This element is arranged as a rudder
on a shaft. It is rotated by crank arms
and two piston drives, subject alternately
to the action of a pressure machine, in such a
manner that the rudder moves back and forth in
the trough. The direction of force of one of the
piston drives approaches the vertical of the
appropriate crank arm, if the rudder continues
in the direction of one of its reversing points.
(Text in German)
INT-0175
Ivanova, D. L., G. A. Litinskiy, G. L.
Karaban, and M. A. Polkovskiy (Experimental
Design Bureau of the Public Welfare Administra-
tion of the City of Moscow). Refuse container
collection truck. U.S.S.R. 175,424; filed
July 1, 1964; issued Sept. 21, 1965.

The collection truck includes: an auxiliary
frame mounted on an automobile chassis; tipping
platforms hinged to this frame; removable
containers secured to these platforms; a
hydraulic crane; a rear-spring stabilizer
mechanism; and hydraulic crane control levers
Located in recesses of the truck body.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0176
Maab, E. , and H. Doering (Kloeckner-Humboldt-
Deutz Aktiengesellschaft). Refuse
truck. Germany 1,201,756; filed Sept. 21,
1963; issued Sept. 23, 1965.

This refuse truck has a hoist, by which refuse
bins are lifted and tipped into the vehicle by
61
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Collection
means of a quadrilateral linkage and a swivel
arm, respectively. Both are individually
powered by a pressure motor, and sequentially
INT-0177
Urban, G. E. (The Heil Company). Refuse vehicle
loader. Germany 1,203,179; filed May 7, 1962;
issued Oct. 14, 1965.

A refuse vehicle loader has a horizontally
pivoted shovel and a compactor plate travelling
to and from the fillhole. The shovel and plate
are actuated by double-action hydraulic
cylinders in the appropriate tempo. The load
actuated by sequence switching. The swivel arm
forms one rod of the linkage facing the bin
support frame. (Text in German)
circuit of these cylinders contains two
control valves which put the shovel-lifting
chamber of one cylinder in series with
the compactor-readying chamber of the
other cylinder. The shovel then starts
upwards, once the plate is halfway from
closure in front of the fillhole, to its
ready position for clearing the refuse
shovel. (Text in German)
'8 38
INT-0178
Yamamoto, I. Compressed air garbage collection
truck. Japan 40-23,807; filed Nov. 19, 1963;
issued Oct. 19, 1965.

Compressed air is used to operate mechanisms of
a garbage truck that are usually operated by
oil pressure. By mounting an air compressor on
the truck, an inexhaustible supply of
62
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0177-0181
compressed air Is available. The compressor is
operated utilizing the motive power of the
engine. Once the compressed air is used, it
is emitted directly into the atmosphere,
so that there is no need for recycling piping,
as is the case for the oil pressure arrange-
ment. The piping is shorter, which means
economical operation as well as reduced danger
of leakage. Of the three cocks for the main
pipe from the air tank, two are connected with
the dumping mechanism, and one to the left
chamber of the piston of the device which turns
the garbage box. Since the air compressor
charges while the truck is in motion, the
operation is efficient and economical. (See
also Japan 33-5,910 and 39-4,103)
(Text in Japanese)

INT-0179
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Refuse discharging device in refuse
collection truck. Switzerland 403,629;
filed Oct. 1, 1963; issued Nov. 30, 1965.

A refuse collection truck carries, on its
chassis, a rectangular container whose rear
wall is rotated around a horizontal upper axis.
The interior of the container has a discharging
plate which moves along the length of the
truck. It is arranged perpendicularly to two
guide wings, which are in the immediate vicinity
of the lateral walls. A clamp rail and a
clamping device counteract the operations of
the telescopic jack, so that the discharging
plate is moved only a fraction of the entire
path with each stroke. The clamp rail is fixed
to the floor of the container. The telescopic
jack is arranged between the discharge plate
and the clamping device. The discharge plate
has a forward-inclined central section, linked
to the telescopic jack via a support. The
clamp rail can also be installed so it can be
shifted by the telescopic press along the
floor of the container. The clamping device
has a press which is connected with a movable
jaw on one side of the rail, and a stationary
jaw on the other side. (Text in German)
I NT 0180
Naab, J. (E. Zoeller, and H. Schulz-Zoeller).
Control device for can-tipping equipment and
a cleaning and disinfecting plant for garbage
cans. Switzerland 406,972; filed Sept. 10, 1962;
issued Jan. 31, 1966.

The device, which consists of a main control
element, is operated by hand. In the feedpipe
near the tipping cylinder, a relief valve
is arranged, in the drainpipe, an air-exhaust
valve with a control piston is provided. The
latter is connected to the feedpipe by means
of a control pipe. A pressure pipe, attached
at the tipping cylinder and controlled by the
cylinder piston, leads toward the pneumatic
switch of the cleaning and disinfecting device.
In this pipe, a pressure-controlled pilot
valve, connected with the control pipe of the
air-exhaust valve, is arranged. By means of
the control device, the cans are completely
rinsed, automatically and with preselected
velocity. (Text in German")
INT-0181
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Feeding and tamping device on a collecting
vehicle for bulky refuse. Switzerland 406,971;
filed Oct. 1, 1963; issued Jan. 31, 1966.

The feeding and tamping device for bulky refuse
consists of a liftable trough, the bottom of
which forms a circular cylindrical section. It
can be lifted by means of two lifting devices.
A plate, tiltable by two tipping mechanisms,
closes (in its rest position) the container of
the vehicle. When the filled trough is lifted,
the plate tips and covers it, precompacting the
63
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Collection
rubbish. In this position, the axis of the
plate parallels that of the trough, and by
tipping the plate back to its rest position.
the refuse is emptied into the container.
(Text in German)
INT-0182
Takenouchi, S. (Kurita Rolling Stock Sales
Company, Ltd.). Garbage truck. Japan 41-8,123;
filed Dec. 13, 1963; issued Apr. 28, 1966.

The described garbage truck has a dump box that
is tilted at the rear. Inside the box is a belt
around two drums. On the surface of the belt,
equidistant from each other, are garbage-
scraping boards. These mark the garbage passage.
When the boards push garbage forward, they stand
erect; when the belt descends, the boards fall
flat on it and are cleaned with a rotating
brush. When the boards reach the other side of
the belt, they again become erect. In front
of the garbage-scraping device, and in the rear
of the box, is the board which pushes in the
garbage. It operates back and forth with fitted
screws. These operations are carried out mechan-
ically by the motive power of the engine. The
action is relatively stable, compared to oil-
pressure systems. The garbage is charged
continuously. When enough garbage is collected
in front of the pushing board, the worker switches
on the umbrella cogwheel. The pushing board moves
the garbage to the rear of the box. When the
umbrella cogwheel reaches two other cogwheels, the
pushing action stops. (Text in Japanese)
(NT0183
Minaire, A. (Societe Sovel Vehicules Electriques
Industriels). Mechanism for moving a rmsher
for redistributing waste inside a garbage
collection truck. Switzerland 415,449; filed
Sept. 17, 1963; issued June 15, 1966.

The device for redistributing the waste inside
a collection truck, particularly for moving it
from the rear to the front, consists essen-
tially of a horizontal board mounted on two
vertical arms that pivot about a common axis.
The device is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder.
Two levers are attached to its piston. One
of the levers is also attached to a joint
mounted on the truck's superstructure, while
the other is attached to joints on the arms
of the board. Since the hydraulic system is
fed by a constant displacement pump, its
piston moves with constant velocity and force.
The described mechanical linkage produces a
movement of the board which is fast and light
in the beginning when the waste is loose, but
slow and more powerful at the end of the cycle
as the waste is being compacted. The linkage
allows the use of smaller hydraulic actuators
than would be necessary if the piston were
attached directly to the arms of the
waste-pushing board. (Text in French)
INT-0184
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Steuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Refuse compactor vehicle. Germany
1,219,855; filed Feb. 24, 1965; issued June 23,
1966.

This vehicle handles system and bulk refuse bins
by means of tip boxes. These boxes pivot on
axes well above the top trough rim and the box
lid. They are tipped by simplex rams carried on
solid journal bearings on the roof above the
box outer wall, and on the rear wall of the
refuse compactor itself. Similar bearings on
64
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0182-0185
a shaft, situated on the compactor front, carry
catch-hooks. These hooks thrust against their
own weight and that of a service lever until
lugs on the boxes are engaged. The boxes start
to fall, but are caught securely by the hooks.
(Text in German)
INT-0185
De Graaff, P. (N.V. Net am). Equipment for
compacting and shredding of coarse rubbish and
for transportation of the rubbish into a
container. Switzerland 419,958; filed Oct. 25,
1963; issued Aug. 31, 1966.

The equipment for compacting and shredding
rubbish has a container with a charging
compartment attached to its rear end. Near the
bottom of this charging compartment is a crusher,
arranged in such a way that a curved charging
canal is formed. The bottom of the charging
compartment rises upward. The crusher consists
of a shaft, to which rods or blades are attached
perpendicularly, that transverses the charging
duct. Between the radially arranged blades,
there are four impact bars which converge upon
the shaft in perpendicular planes. The charging
duct is followed by the upward rising through-
duct which borders on top on a grate with scrapers.
These remove the rubbish adhering to the blades
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Collection
of the crusher. The charging compartment is
equipped with one or more inlets. The shaft is
driven by a hydraulic motor. (Text in German)

INT-0186
Naef, M. (Carrosserie Hess A.G.). Mechanism for
moving and guiding the compacting mat in a
garbage collection truck. Switzerland 421,814;
filed Dec. 3, 1964; issued Sept. 30, 1966.
The compacting mat is
container with one end
other on a horizontal
driven by an auxiliary
mat to move it through
actuation of the chain
roller chains pass the
rubber or sheet steel
fastened in the garbage
on the floor, and the
axis. Roller chains,
motor, are coupled to the
the container. Upon
wheels over which the
mat (which consists of
foil) is pulled into
strapped position and moved across the container.
The refuse is carried along and pressed against
the front wall. When this operation is
complete, the mat returns to its original
position. (Text in German)

IIMT-0187
(Geesink N.V.). A combination of a refuse
collector with a refuse container. Great
Britain 1,049,649; filed Oct. 30, 1963;
issued Nov. 30, 1966.

A lifting device, consisting of two arms pivoted
at one end, is affixed to the filling compart-
ment of a conventional refuse-collecting vehicle.
The other end of each arm is provided with a
lever with a bearing element on each end. A
hydraulic press cylinder, used to raise the arms,
is connected to a projection provided on the
arms. In operation, the arms are juxtaposed to
a refuse container equipped with forks which
engage the bearing elements on the hoisting arms,
forming an integrated unit for raising, emptying,
and lowering the refuse container.

INT-0188
Roedel, M. (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg
A.G.). Compacting refuse wagon liquid
collection. Germany 1,234,621; filed May 11,
1965; issued Feb. 16, 1967.

The process is carried out in a rough dewatering
stage near the starting position of the conveyor
slide, in a collector vessel beneath the
conveyor base plate. The plate is attached and
inclined upward to the wagon box floor, and it
has runoff perforations or channels across
the width of the conveyor. In a final dewater-
ing stage, immediately preceding the compaction
position, is an additional liquid runoff
system consisting of a trickle plate, a guide
plate, and a catcher channel terminating in the
collector vessel. (Text in German)
INT-0189
Tillson, T. W. (Shelvoke and Drewry, Ltd.).
Improvements in or relating to refuse collecting
vehicles. Great Britain 1,060,612; filed Feb.
25, 1963; issued Mar. 8, 1967.

This packer has a hopper which deposits refuse
in the body of the vehicle. The hoisting
mechanism consists of one or more hydraulic
or pneumatic rams, located in compartments in
the floor of the vehicle. These rams do not
project from the vehicle body. The storage
compartments keep the ram mechanisms free of
dirt and refuse.
66
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0186-0192
INT-0190
Roedel, M. (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg
Aktiengesellschaft). Refuse vehicle. Germany
1,238,841; filed June 18, 1966; issued Apr. 13,
1967.

This vehicle is a semitrailer whose platform
takes the removable changeover refuse container
body, and a permanent feed/press/hopper unit for
precollector bins. The container body is
emptied by tipping it backward so that a hole
in the rear wall is opened, or else the wall is
swung out of the way of the emptying area.
(Text in German)
INT-0191
Liebmann, H. (FEKA Fabrik fur Spezialfahrzeuge
Kraft and Company K.G.). Refuse container
vehicle. Germany 1,239,619; Eiled Sept. 17,
1962; issued Apr. 27, 1967.

This vehicle carries detachable containers on
two bridges, which tip (together or singly) to
their respective outer sides through more than
90 degrees. These bridges are located around
an axis above the outside of the bridge and
parallel to it. The cylinder of each hydraulic
hoist tipping the bins swings around an axis
near the longitudinal centerline of the total
load area, and roughly level with the bridges.
The free end of the hoist ram is hinged to its
bridge at a point which, in repose, forms a
right triangle whose hypotenuse is provided
by the connection between the tip axes of the
bridges and the cylinder. (Text in German)
X
INT-0192
(Fahrzeugbau Haller G.m.b.H.). Vehicle for baled
refuse. Germany 1,242,142; filed Apr. 10, 1964;
issued June 8, 1967.

A vehicle is equipped with a container for
receiving and shredding baled refuse by means
of scrap shears. Loading is accomplished by
means of a compactor plate, which covers the
shears. The loading platform is vaulted, and
it is cushioned in the vertical position. It
is coupled with the press shield, and the two
move simultaneously. The operating power of
the loading plate, press shield, cutting shears,
67
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Collection
and waste propellor is derived from a common
source. (Text in German)
and against a movable counterpl
(Text in German)
INT-0194
Smarra, G. (Aktiengesellschaft Eisenhuette
Prinz Rudolph). Refuse compactor/loader.
Germany 1,247,201; filed Jan. 18, 1965; issued
Aug. 10, 1967.

A loader for vehicles pushes the material through
a tube whose movable seal acts as an abutment
during compaction, and then opens. An associated
pressure switch responds when a preselected
degree of compaction is reached or exceeded. It
stops the pusher and opens the seal to accept
additional refuse. (Text in German;
INT-0193
Oecki, 0. (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg).
Refuse collecting van. Germany 1,243,582;
filed Nov. 27- 1964; issued June 29, 1967.
A refuse collecting van has a refuse container
with a semicircular end. At its center of
curvature is a shaft, from which hangs a
compressor plate across the container. This
pivots upward to convey the refuse toward
INT-0195
Brisson, J. R., F. J. Sudac, and H. M. Vary
(Lodal, Inc.). Refuse vehicle. Germany
1,247,937; filed June 14, 1965; issued
Aug. 17, 1967.

A refuse vehicle is designed with a box body
and a filling space and funnel. These receive
z
68
-------
the refuse, for conveying and compacting, on
a reciprocating pusher to the collector space.
A frame, moving longitudinally thiough the
body in this collector, has a olate above the
0193-0198
pusher and where its stroke ends. The pusher
is moved by its own actuator in conjunction
with the frame and plate specified to empty
the collector space. (Text in German)
INT-0196
Klanner, R., and M. Roedel (Haschinenfabrik
Augsburg-Nuernberg Aktienge sell sell aft
Zweignierderla.->sun? Muenchen) . Refuse vehicle
loader. Germany 1,252,127; filed Mar. 30, 1965;
issued Oct. 12, 1967.

This refuse vehicle loader is pivoted directly
on the chassis. A square sheet container starts
close behind the cab and ends with the chassis,
so that the loader closes it when swung
downward. Rollers under the container run
on the chassis. The compactor and pusher
forming the loader are carried just behind
tne cab, and they swing up via arms to the side
of tne container. A rope winch, immediately
behind the cab, raises the loader and keeps it
raised, and it pulls the container out and off
onto another vehicle. (Text in German)
INT-0197
Stahn, R., G. Engelter, and K. Grebe (Gebruder
Crede and Co., G.m.b.H.). Vehicle for the
facilitation of dumping. Switzerland 437,408;
filed Oct. 4, 1966; issued Nov. 30, 1967.

A refuse vehicle has a dumping apparatus with
a multisectioned, saddle-shaped floor that can

*
be mechanically tilted for emptying. The
horizontal distance of the apparatus between
each of the two sidewalls and the corner of
the immovable portion of the saddle is smaller
than the horizontal distance between these
corners and the center of the saddle. Each
tilting section has an arm, extending to the
center, to control the opening and closing of
the floor slats for emptying or loading.
(Text in German)
INT-0198
Johnston, 0. Pickup device for trash. Canada
775,450; filed May 2, 1967; issued Jan. 9, 1968.

A tool for picking up and handling trash
comprises a vertical shaft with a pair of
clamping jaws pivotally mounted at one end.
Serrated engaging teeth on the jaws overlap
when the jaws are clamped shut, to retain the
trash. An elongate, resilient device, connec-
ted to a handle on the shaft and to levers on
the jaws, moves the levers so the jaws close.
Plates on one end of the jaws abut one another
when the jaws are shut. The trash, picked up
fifl
-------
Collection
in the jaws, is held against the plates when
the shaft is raised to a horizontal position.
INT-0199
Fluri, K. (E. Moser A.G.). Refuse collection
vehicle. Switzerland 450,279; filed Jan. 12,
1966; issued Jan. 15, 1968.

The vehicle has a totally enclosed refuse
loading hopper, whose rear wall has at least
one loading opening to prevent dust from
escaping. Pneumatic equipment maintains a
slight vacuum in the hopper, even when the
loading aperture is open. The pneumatic
equipment consists of a motor-suction fan
unit enclosed in a box with several air
intake openings provided with screens or
filters. It is mounted in the hopper,
and discharges the screened air from the
hopper upward into the atmosphere. The
loading opening extends over most of the
fS
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width of the vehicle, and it has a pliant
flap to assist in maintaining the vacuum by
reducing the influx of outside air into the
hopper, while yielding to the containers
from which refuse is discharged.
(Text in German)
INT-0200
Ferrari, W. A., 0. M. Anderson, and F. H. Dean
(Pak-Mor Manufacturing Company). Loading and
ejecting mechanism for refuse vehicles.
Canada 775,991; filed July 22, 1965; issued
Jan. 16, 1968.

This refuse vehicle has a hollow body with a
rear opening which is closed by a tailgate. A
trough is carried by the tailgate into a
position for accepting a charge of refuse,
which is moved into the body when the gate is
closed. The refuse is transferred from the
trough by a horizontally rotating sweep panel
on the tailgate. A ram panel then pushes the
refuse into the body.
INT-0201
Greenland, J. F., and L. W. Evans (Glover,
Webb and Liversidge, Ltd.) Improvements in or
relating to refuse collection vehicles. Great
Britain 1,114,420; filed July 26, 1965;
issued May 22, 1968.

A packer mechanism forces the refuse from the
loading hopper into the main chamber of this
refuse collection vehicle. A pair of helical
screws, arranged side by side, effect the
transfer of the refuse. The axes of the two
screws are parallel to each other, and their
arrangement is such that they rotate in the
same direction but 180 degrees out of phase.
In order to prevent refuse from jamming in
70
-------
0199-0203
the tunnel, the diameter of each screw is
tapered, and the axes are upwardly inclined
at approximately 25 to 35 degrees to the
horizontal.
INT-0202
Roedel, M. (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg
A.G.). Refuse collection method. Germany
1,269,569; filed May 11, 1966; issued May 30,
1968.

A device for the collection arid transportation
of refuse is constructed so that a full con-
tainer can be transferred to a transport
vehicle, and then to a center for disposal
or processing. The vehicle is equipped with
a tipping frame to facilitate the removal of
waste. The smaller collection vehicle is not
constructed for travelling over rough roads,
but only for saving time in cleaning the
streets. The parent transport vehicle,
however, is adequate for transportation of
waste over rough surfaces. (See also Germany
1,198,732, 1,219,388, and 1,225,546) (Text in
German)

INT-0203
Terho, M. Container dumping mechanism for
garbage packer. Canada 787,214; filed Apr. 9,
1965; issued June 11, 1968.

This collection apparatus for waste comprises
a vehicle having a body or tank for receiving
collected waste material. A hinged collection
dipper, at the rear of the vehicle body, is
lowered to receive waste or cans containing
71
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Collection
waste. The waste is dumped into the body when
the dipper is swung upward on its hinge. At
least one arm on the dipper is pivotal. This
arm presses a suction cup against a waste can
while the can is resting on the dipper, and
while it is moved to a dumping position. The
engine of the vehicle includes a device for
producing suction in the suction cup. A
number of suction cup-carrying arms are
located at various positions on the dipper. A
valve prevents suction while the cup is not in
contact with an object. This valve closes
automatically by the separation of the cup
from the object. (See also U.S. 3,319,810)

INT-0204
(Siemag Maschinen-Und Stahlbau Netphen G.m.b.H.),
A stage loader for loading trucks with bulk
material, for example debris. Great Britain
1,117,182; filed July 26, 1965; issued June
19, 1968.

A stage loader for loading trucks with bulky
waste comprises a. feed receptacle into which
the material can be emptied by a shovel
loader. A conveyor belt and a vibrator drive
the receptacle. The receptacle is carried
on guides toward and away from the conveyor
belt by the action of the vibrator, causing
material to pass continuously from the receptacle
to the conveyor belt. The stage loader has
a removable protective screen covering the
feed receptacle and its drive mechanism. The
loader also has a frame to which a winch drum
is connected for driving the scraper conveyor.
INT-0205
Schaeffler, G. (Keller und Knappich G.m.b.H.).
Refuse vehicle. Germany 1,272,216; filed May 8,
1967; issued July 4, 1968.

This vehicle has a refuse holder which can
tip backwards. There is a loading chamber at
the front containing a charging shovel, artic-
ulated for upward pivotal movement to a
horizontal shaft, spaced a short distance from
the base of the chamber. The refuse on the
charging shovel is pushed rearward by a com-
pacting blade, mounted pivotally on a shaft
adjacent to the roof of the chamber. (Text in
German)
r^v 4 e
*A I L
1 \ v\ 7 *•"' i
72
-------
0204-0208
INT-0206
(Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg A.G.)
Free-standing device for emptying large refuse
containers. Great Britain 1,129,336; filed
Nov. 15, 1965; issued Oct. 2, 1968.

The invention consists of a freestanding
device for emptying large refuse containers
into a truck. The device is not mounted on
the refuse truck. It comprises a main section
with a tillable frame mounted on it and
adapted to carry a refuse container. There
is a telescopic hydraulic device attached to
the hydraulic system of the refuse truck.
This is actuated to tilt the frame and empty
the refuse container into the truck, when
the truck is adjacent to the device. Prefer-
ably, the tillable frame is provided with
supporting and guiding rollers which engage
and move on the main frame.
-^r'-f *—
4N
INT-0207
Schwabe, 0. H. (Fahrzeugbau Haller G.m.b.H.).
Refuse vehicle charging system. Germany
1,279,535; filed June 4, 1965; issued Oct. 3,
1968.

A charge space is limited at the rear by a
reciprocating refuse pusher, and on the vehicle
--42
side by a seal-off pusher which moves vertic-
ally across the other pusher. Both devices
move so that when the refuse pusher advances
to feed into the vehicle, the seal-off pusher
is released, but it is locked when the refuse
pusher is retracted. The seal-off is a
compactor whose pressure surface approaches
a countersurface limiting the feed section,
in a downward direction, by moving across the
refuse pusher path when the seal-off pusher
lifts, so refuse is crushed and precompacted
before being passed on into the vehicle
itself. (Text in German)

INT-0208
(Compania Immobiliaria y Financiera de La
Escala S.A.). Refuse collection vehicle.
Switzerland 466,794; filed Sept. 20, 1967;
issued Dec. 15, 1968.

This refuse collection vehicle has a boxcar-
type body, with longitudinal undercuts on both
sides near the '.ottom. The usable space
extends the entire length of the vehicle,
73
-------
Collection
which has, at the rear end, an opening through
which refuse is thrown into an input hopper.
At the front end is an opening through which
refuse is discharged. All motor drives and
accessory equipment are accommodated in the
two undercuts. The interior contains an open
boxlike subassembly formed of two intermediate
and two lateral, vertical, supporting plates
joined by horizontal crosstie strips, and by
the compacting plate. Refuse, pushed by an
impeller from the hopper toward and through
the loading hatch in the compacting plate, is
precompacted to some degree. A horizontally
pivoted scraper blade, whose edge remains in
contact with the flanks of the impeller ribs as
they recede from the loading hatch, prevents
retrograde motion of the refuse. At intervals,
refuse in the interior is pushed forward and
further compacted by a forward displacement
of the subassembly. (Text in French)
*1Z
INT-0209
Burke, F. (Hipope Limited). Collection and
disposal vehicle. Great Britain 1,141,680;
filed Dec. 7, 1966; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

The collection and disposal vehicle consists of
a container mounted on a wheeled chassis, and
equipment for loading waste into it. The
equipment is comprised of a charging carrier
and power-operated linkages, coupled, or
adapted to be coupled to the carrier. These
lift the carrier in a parallel motion from a
low loading position to the level of a charging
opening and then tip the carrier to discharge
the contents into the container. The charging
opening is in the otherwise closed top of the
waste container. An upstanding hood is disposed
over this opening. The hood has a rearward-
facing mouth closed by a hinged flap.
INT-0210
(Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg A.G.). A
liquid refuse collecting device for refuse
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 1,144,329;
filed May 11, 1966; issued March 5, 1969.

This device extracts liquid from refuse or
garbage containing a substantial proportion of
74
-------
0209-0212
moisture, and prevents liquid dripping to the
road surface when the vehicle is in motion.
The device is attached to the end of the refuse
compartment of a collecting vehicle. It consists
of a loading bin or ram and a base plate for
guiding the loading bin or ram to the refuse
compartment. A liquid collecting vessel is situ-
ated beneath the base plate. The base plate has
means for allowing the liquid to drain into the
liquid-collecting vessel.
INT-0211
Schwabe, 0. H. (Fahrzeugbau Haller G.m.b.H.).
Feeding system for a refuse container, especially
a refuse vehicle. Germany 1,293,675; filed
Sept. 26, 1967; issued Apr. 24, 1969.

This system bulk feeds refuse into a vehicle
body. One shovel deposits refuse which is then
scooped up by a second conveying shovel. The
two shovels are interdependent. (Text in German)
INT-0212
Goetz, E. (Eisenwerk Streuber and Lohmann
G.m.b.H.). Pneumatic cylinder for agitating
the arm of a hopper for the dustless emptying
of refuse containers. Germany 1,294,217;
filed May 24, 1962; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

This pneumatic cylinder powers a refuse con-
tainer emptying system. The stroking speed
of the cylinder is controlled automatically
by a throttle valve, working with a rod, on
the cylinder cover. An isolator valve,
carried with the valve disc via a compression
spring, permits the cylinder to be used as a
tilting and lifting device. (Text in German)
75
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Collection
IIMT-0213
Sagmeister, E. Refuse packer. Canada 813,188;
filed June 27, 1966; issued May 20, 1969.

This refuse-handling apparatus comprises a
receiving body with a screw conveyor device
adjacent to the opening at one end. When the
screw conveyor rotates, it causes refuse to be
drawn from the receiving chamber, through part
of the opening, into a refuse vehicle body. A
scraper device is placed across the entire
retraining part of the opening, and it is
resiliently pushed against one end of the screw
conveyor. The scraper extends at least halfway
across the screw conveyor, in a lateral direc-
tion, in order to dislodge refuse from the
screw conveyor. A stop on the wall adjacent tc
the scraper limits its movement; this reduces
the spilling of refuse from the vehicle body
through the opening.
containers can be emptied in random sequence.
(See also Germany 1,269,037) (Text in German)
INT-0214
Goetz, E. (E. Zoeller, and H. Schulz-Zoeller).
Tipping device for emptying large capacity
refuse containers. Germany 1,298,445; filed
Mar. 7, 1966; issued June 26, 1969.

This refuse bin tipping mechanism has a support
formed by articulated levers, interconnected
by a pivot pin along the arms. The lower levers
form a frame with a connecting rod and their
pivot pin, which has auxiliary hooks associated
with container buffers supported by the con-
nected rod. Support arms, actuated by the
cable drivers, are adjustable by a coupling
mechanism so standard and nonstandard waste
16
INT-0215
Harvanek, A., and V. Chalupnik (CHEPOS zavody
chemickeho a potravinarskeho strojirenstvi,
Brno ob orovy podnik). Grid with a cleaning
device. Switzerland 474,629; filed May 12,
1967; issued June 30, 1969.

A device is provided for clearing a grid of
solid refuse. It consists of combs mounted
76
-------
0213-0218
on a link belt. The teeth of the combs pro-
trude through the grid. They are rounded in
the opposite direction of their movement to
ensure simpler discharging of the refuse
material, since nothing can be caught in the
obtuse angle between the grid and the comb
teeth once they have moved over the top of the
grid. (Text in German)
INT-0216
Hirs, G., and Stein, A. H. (Hydromotion
Engineering Company). Dust collector. Canada
817,176; filed Nov. 25, 1966; issued July 8,
1969.

This device filters dust-laden gas. A wall
separates the chamber into an outlet area and
a filtering portion. Tubes extend downward
from the outlet chamber into the filtering
chamber. Within the filtering chamber, porous,
gas-permeable bags are attached to the tubes.
Dust-laden air flows into the filtering chamber
in a horizontal stream, and is dispersed down-
wardly along the sides of the bags. An upward
flow of air is induced through the interior
of the bags. Dust collects on the exterior of
the bags. Periodically, pulses of air under
pressure abruptly inflate the bags, dislodging
dust from their exteriors. Clean air is
exhausted through the outlet chamber.
sr
•X
*
4>
-14
IIMT-0217
Nunota, T. Device to treat human manure.
Japan 44-16,989; filed Sept. 15, 1964; issued
July 26, 1969.

A device to collect waste matter from latrines
and kitchens consists of an endless belt which
has one opening, and whose surface touches the
surface of the floorboard or backside of the
lid. The lower part of the belt passes through
the cleaning tank. The mechanism to rotate
the endless belt is connected to the roller.
The inside of the belt is equipped with the
scraping board. The traditional types of Japa-
nese latrines (which are not flushed) and
kitchen garbage containers are unsanitary,
because there is no sealed lid to keep out
flies. The endless belt system shuts out air
from the waste tank. The belt is made of
stainless steel or synthetic resin. There is
an opening on the board through which feces
drop. The driving roller moves so the opening
in the endless belt comes under the opening
in the floor. When not in use, the part of the
endless belt without an opening is under the
opening in the floor. The dropped waste is
scraped by the board and drops to the tank be-
low as the roller rotates. When the roller is
moved, part of it goes through a tank fed with
cleaning water by the pipe, so the belt is
always clean. The roller can be operated
either electrically or manually. There are no
problems with obnoxious odors or flies. (Text
in Japanese)
INT-0218
O'Brien, A. J. (Gar Wood Industries). Refuse
vehicle. Canada 821,355; filed June 29, 1966;
issued Aug. 26, 1969.

This latch-operating device for controlling the
closure member of a refuse vehicle operates
automatically. This device includes inter-
engaging latch means , positioned outside of the
storage area. The latch can be opened or closed
closed automatically, and can withstand the
pressure created when the vehicle is compacting
77
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Collection
refuse. The automatic latch device facilitates
unloading the refuse vehicle.
ri'Wyv V£
?*
INT-0219
Zuber, R., and H. Pertsch (J. Ochsner and
Company A.G.). Attachment for a refuse
compaction vehicle for picking up and loading
refuse and bulky rubbish. Switzerland 479,465;
filed Apr. 8, 1968; issued Oct. 15, 1969.

The attachment incorporates a trough-shaped
loading scoop with a presser plate. Linkages
and hydraulic drives are required for the
operation of the scoop, and the several phases
of its operation. An alternative version of
the scoop and its phases of operation are also
disclosed. (See also Switzerland 445,375)
(Text in German)
INT-0220
Medhammar, K. I. M. (A.B. Centralsug). Method
and device for removal of refuse. Switzerland
480,244; filed Jan. 24, 1969; issued Oct. 31,
1969.

Refuse, arriving at an intake station, is con-
veyed through a duct by suction into a collect-
ing container in which the refuse is separated
from the air. During the influx of the newly
arriving refuse into the collecting container,
and during the maintenance of the underpressure
in this container required for this influx,
refuse already present in the container is
removed and compacted. The collection container
is equipped with an outlet duct connected to a
device for discharging the refuse. The
discharging device is designed to prevent entry
of outside air into the container during the
discharge operation. (Text in German)
INT-0221
Nagai, T., and S. Kawasaki (Urga Heavy Industry
Company). Garbage truck. Japan 44-29,085;
filed Apr. 3, 1965; issued Nov. 27, 1969.

This improved mechanism is designed to operate
a pivotal bucket to receive garbage. It
includes a shutter which moves vertically to
close off the garbage. The device is provided
for a garbage truck which has the dumping
opening in the rear of the body. To increase
the inlet capacity of the truck, it is neces-
sary to increase the size of the receptacle
of the pivotal bucket and the dumping opening
at the same time. However, it is easier to
increase the capacity of the bucket than the
opening because, if the opening is too large,
garbage already loaded can spill out, scatter-
ing over the street. The invention corrects
this defect, having a big dumping opening at
a suitable height from the ground, to facili-
tate both the dumping of bulk garbage and
crushing and transfer to the garbage box.
After the garbage is received by the bucket,
and before it is stored inside the garbage box,
it is crushed between the rotating bucket and
shutter, which operates vertically. Dumping
and crushing are carried out by a single oil
pressure (or compressed air) mechanism, through
the cylinder piston. The device includes: a
78
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0219-0224
garbage collection box on the chassis; a
comparatively long arm, pivoted on the box,
which moves forward and backward; an oil-
pressure or compressed-air piston to operate
the arm; first and second link devices, which
move against each other; a shutter, which
operates vertically; and a rotating bucket
operated by the link devices. (Text in
Japanese)
INT 0222
Uehira, H., and T. Uda (Shin Meiwa Kogyo K.K.).
Garbage truck with a removable container.
Japan 44-30,923; filed Aug. 12, 1965; issued
Dec. 11, 1969.

Small collection vehicles are especially useful
in narrow passageways where collection is
usually difficult. Since large-scale incinera-
tion plants are usually located far from urban
areas, it is more efficient to use larger
trucks to transport wastes to the plants. A
removable container can be placed on a small
truck for the collection of refuse and the
truck can dump it, using the hoist attached to
the container dumping table, if the incinera-
tion plant is nearby. However, if the distance
to the plant is too great, the container can
be lifted by crane onto one of the larger
trucks placed conveniently throughout the city.
An oil pressure cylinder operates a plate,
which is installed at the rear of the container
dumping table, to either dump refuse or push
it into the container. The plate also serves
as a door. This door and its oil pressure
cylinder can be detached. (Text in Japanese)
COMPOST/COMPOSTING
INT 0223
James. A. E. W. (Heenan and Froude Limited).
Improved method of turning over and mixing
refuse and sewage. Great Britain 604,706;
filed Nov. 30, 1945; issued July 8, 1948.

This method relates to mixing town refuse
and sewage or sewage sludge for the production
of fertilizer. The refuse, in pulverized
form, is fed into a long, narrow hopper or
receptacle. The sewage or sludge is then
introduced by means of pipes, or the like,
onto the top of the refuse; the contents of the
hopper are then turned over by a plough, harrow,
or similar device. This plough or harrow can
be moved either transversely or lengthways
along the hopper or receptacle and is supported
by a carriage which can be moved at right
angles to the direction of movement of the
plough or harrow. The pulverized refuse and
the sewage or sludge are thus given a thorough
mixing. Two hoppers or receptacles may be
arranged side by side, each with its own
mechanism for turning the refuse and sewage.
INT-0224
Baillod, P., and G. Boss. Organic compounds
coming from organic wastes and the resulting
compost. Switzerland 251,131; filed Oct. 15,
1947; issued July 16, 1948.

Fermentation of night soil, garbage, or
79
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Compost/Composting
industrial organic waste by a bacterial
culture of azotobacter, amylobacter, or
Bacillus radicola is induced by the addition
of a mixture of inorganic salts which act
as catalysts. A solution containing
approximately 1 g vanadium pentoxide, 2 g
molybdenum sesquioxide, 2 g manganese
tetroxide, and 0.5 g cadmium borotungstate
per liter is suitable. Another possible
mixture is 1 g vanadite, 2 g molybdenum
disulfide, 2 g manganese dioxide, and 0.5
g cadmium borotungstate per liter. One liter
of the catalytic mixture is added to a ton
of organic material containing preferably
30 percent moisture, and the material is then
allowed to ferment. For best results, the
temperature should not rise above 40 C. After
4 to 5 days, lime should be added to bring
the pH to about 7.5. The resultant product
is a fertilizer. (Text in French)
IIMT-0225
Spaeth, 0. Method for converting communal
refuse into fertilizer and soil improvement
agents. Germany 821,947; filed Mar. 8, 1949;
issued Nov. 22, 1951.

Communal refuse or sludge is spread in layers
without sifting or removal of bottles, cans,
rags, etc. Numerous holes are drilled into
the refuse layer to create channels for
passage of air. Upon attainment of a
temperature between 40 and 00 C, these
channels are partly or entirely sealed. By
this method, the fermenting process can be
controlled. If the refuse contains no bulky
parts such as cans, bottles, etc. they should
be added. The air passage channels are
sealed with fine-grained refuse. Sludge is
added only after the first stage of the
fermenting process is completed. It can be
spread over the solid refuse so that the air
channels are sealed. Any coarse refuse
components, still present after the composting
process, must be separated and mechanically
shredded, then returned to the composted
material. (Text in German)
INT-0226
Eichhorn, R. Container for composting.
Germany 823,034; filed Sept. 5, 1950; issued
Nov. 29, 1951.

A prism-shaped container has been devised for
composting any sort of gardening wastes such
as leaves or residual matter from vegetaMes
and fruit. On its front and top, a central
opening extends toward the rear side. This
opening is closed in front and on top by
plates. The container may consist of one or
more sections, and it may be of concrete, iron
or any other suitable material. The top
opening may extend over the entire top side.
(Text in German)
INT-0227
Pitrois, G. Process for the continuous
operation of fermentation cells for garbage,
town-refuse and various other substances,
and cell for executing said process. Canada
480,398; filed Jan. 15, 1946; issued Jan. 22,
1952.

A cell for the fermentation of garbage and
other refuse has a filling opening at its
top and a discharge opening at its base.
Between the top and bottom is a lateral
opening through which a separating device,
such as a grate, can be introduced to cover
a horizontal section of the cell. The
lateral opening can be hermetically closed.
The cell is discharged by inserting the
separating device and extracting the
fermented matter from the lower portion of
the cell. The separating device is then
withdrawn, so matter in the upper portion
falls to the lower portion. The empty upper
portion can then be filled through the opening
at the top.
80
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IMT0228
Lovett, G. S. Means for the treatment of
organic waste materials for the purpose of
forming fertilizing material therefrom.
Australia 145,047; filed June 2, 1949; issued
Feb. 8, 1952.

Organic wastes are fermented and decomposed
in this digester, which is divided into
stepped processing compartments by a number
of horizontally disposed floors. Each floor
has an opening of quadrantal shape through
which the material falls to the next floor.
The openings are in staggered relationship.
The floors are divided by radially disposed
elements, hollow and substantially quadrilater
al, each with an air pipe leading into it;
louvred openings are provided so that air may
pass out of the elements to the material
being treated. A central, vertical shaft
rotates the floors at predetermined intervals.
The underneath sides of the peripheral portions
of the floors ride on roller tracks on hori-
zontal ledges on the inside of the container.
Each processing .ompartment has an inspection
door, and there is a hinged loading door on
top. The end product from organic wastes
treated in this digester is a fertilizer,
devoid of offensive odors.
,,a.,Y7ta , L a l7? .
rcTTTTi i"'' • r
INT-0229
Christensen, W. G. A. A compost for
horticultural or agricultural use, and the
production thereof. Great Britain 701 ,234;
filed, Aug. 21, 1951; issued Dec. 23, 1953.

A fermented mixture of fermentation refuse
from the manufacture of antibiotics and peat
moss produces a compost suitable for horti-
cultural and agricultural use. A filter cake
containing 20 to 30 percent dry substance
(in the case of penicillin) is obtained by
filtering fermentation fluid. One to 13
parts of the filtered fermentation refuse are
combined with 1 part peat moss, which is 75
percent dry substance. This mixture is left
to ferment where it is protected from rain
and temperature extremes, and where aeration
is possible. More fermentation refuse may
be added after the first mixture has fermented,
if less than 13 parts were originally used.
The process would then begin again. Tests
show that the finished product has a pH of
about 7.5, and is about 66 percent water, 1.25
percent nitrogen, and approximately 3.63
percent nitrogen in the dry substance.

INT0230
Allan, F. Compost mixing machine. Great
Britain 704,403; filed July 5, 1951; issued
Feb. 24, 1954.

This machine produces compost from natural
or artificial manure with a straw basis. The
81
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Compost/Composting
machine comprises an elevating or conveying
mechanism which discharges into an elevated
hopper fitted with a series of spikes pro-
jecting from a transverse axle or drum,
adapted to be oscillated through an angle of
less than 180 degrees. These spikes cooperate
with one or more series of fixed combs, the
teeth of which mesh with the spikes and extend
wholly or partly across the lower part of the
elevated hopper. Two such combs extend down-
ward and inward toward each other from the
lower edges of the hopper, parallel with the
axis of the oscillatory axle or drum. The two
combs are spaced from, and extend partly
around, the lower circumference of the axle
or drum, which is mounted in or just below
the lower end of the elevated hopper. The
axle or drum is provided with two rows of
spikes at an angle of less than 180 degrees
to each other, and at an angle of about 115
degrees. The conveying mechanism may comprise
an endless elevator of the scraper type, and
a fixed comb suspended over the elevator and
cooperating with it. A loading hopper is
provided at the lower end of the elevator.
The entire device is mounted on a wheeled car-
riage to provide a readily mobile machine.

INT-0231
Morrison, W. L. Improvements in or relating
to method and apparatus of composting raw
manure. Australia 164,518; filed Sept. 1,
1953; issued Aug. 9, 1955.

A method of composting manure consists of
maintaining a vertically disposed mass of
manure in a composting zone which is open to
ambient atmosphere at both ends. Some of the
manure is withdrawn from the bottom, aerated,
and returned to the top. The process is
continued until the entire mass has been
treated. Air is forced upward through the
mass to increase the circulation rate. This
composting machine includes an open-ended
chimney, means for supporting the mass, and a
propeller to move from the bottom of the
chimney the layer of material to be delivered
to the top. A separate conduit and blower
circulate pressurized air through the
chimney. Gas is discharged from the chimney
by the blower. The propeller comprises a
number of conveyor screws arranged side by
side and extending across the bottom of the
chimney to form a grate, and means to rotate
them. The screws propel some of the manure
in the chimney along the foraminous floor
below the screws.
INT-0232
Boggiano-Pico, N. Procedure and installation
for converting urban waste and similar
materials to fertilizer or sterile substances.
Italy 537,793; filed July 6, 1955; issued
Jan. 4, 1956.
Urban wastes are transformed through a
complete cycle of mechanical operations,
completely removed from human handling.
The method is based on the action of an
oxidizing fluid, such as air or air enriched
with ozone, in conjunction with the
2<
82
-------
0231-0235
energizing action of an electrical field.
The mechanical operations include the
following: removal from the ditch or
conveyance of the waste material; mixing;
electromagnetic separation of ferrous
material; grinding; distribution to silos;
conversion under the action of an oxidizing
fluid and electrical field; and collection
of the resulting fertilizer or sterile
materials. The process offers the advantages
of accelerating the conversion process,
dealing with the lack of homogeneity of the
raw materials, and permitting the use of
a more compact processing plant. (See also
Great Britain 717,785) (Text in Italian)

INT-0233
Robertson, W. E. Improvements in machines
for teasing, aerating, and stacking compost.
Great Britain 767,938; filed Nov. 13, 1952;
issued Feb. 13, 1957.

The machine features a frame which is
normally stationary during its operation, and
a drum mounted on the frame, having radially
projecting spikes. There is a device for
rotating the drum at a speed at which the
spikes pick up material from a feed supply
and project it tangentially away from the
upper surface of the drum and beyond the frame;
a hood is fitted over the drum to direct the
material thus projected. The inclination of
the hood may be varied by adjustable supports.
The drum is made of wire mesh in the form of
a trommel. The machine may be used for
teasing, aerating and stacking the compost.
INT-0234
(Passavant-Werke). Plant for refuse treatment.
Germany 962,691; filed May 13, 1954; issued
Apr. 25, 1957.

A plant for the treatment of communal and
agricultural refuse consists of charging
equipment, a sifting drum with gradually
widening holes, a separator for nonputrescible
refuse, and a mixing drum for the sifted refuse
and sewage sludge. This equipment can also
be used for treatment of composted refuse. In
that case, the mixing drum and the sewage
sludge intake are closed. The nonputrescible
refuse can be used as ground cover material in
the drying beds over which the sludge is spread.
The refuse is loaded into a hopper. It is
brought to the sifting drum through a screw
conveyor. Holes of 10-mm diameter are
recommended for the first stage, 40 mm for the
second stage and 100 mm for a third stage.
The material separated between 40 and 100 mm
in size is suitable for composting. It is
passed to the mixer, which is simultaneously
charged with sewage sludge. The material then
goes to drying beds. After about 6 months,
composting is completed. The compost is
sifted in the same manner as untreated refuse.
The fine compost from the first stage is sent
to nurseries. The compost from the second
and third stages is shredded into smaller
grains. (Text in German)
INT-0235
Koester, F. Procedure and method for
preparation of compost from organic plant
wastes. Germany 1,013,300; filed Nov. 8,
1954; issued Aug. 8, 1957.

This procedure accelerates the processes
promoting growth of microorganisms in the
preparation of compost, especially in cold,
windy climates. Organic plart wastes,
manure, earth and other supplements are
83
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Compost/Composting
loosely stacked in heaps covered with a layer
of straw over which is placed a layer of tar
paper to prevent moisture loss. Ventilation
of the innermost layers is provided by a tube
placed horizontally through the center of the
compost heap layer. Heat is provided by an
electric heating element which maintains tem-
peratures between 25 and 30 C. Moisti re is
provided by pumping water through a ' ^nely
perforated tube which runs through the length
of the compost heap. Power for driving the
air and water supply mechanisms is obtained
from a winanuxi. (Text in German)
IIMT-0236
Mayer-Krapoll, H. (Ruhr-Stickstoff A.G.).
Improvement of fertilizers from garbage and/or
clarified sludge. Germany 1,013,299; filed
Jan. 20, 1956; issued Aug. 8, 1957.

A process is provided for obtaining improved
fertilizer from garbage and clarified sludge,
separately or combined. Fermentation is
induced in the presence of added ammonia,
particularly in the gaseous form. Garbage,
clarified sludge or a mixture of the two are
treated with ammonia gas (or in aqueous form),
before, during or after fermentation. The
amount of ammonia incorporated is approximately
80 to 120 percent of the nitrogen content of
the crude starting product. (Text in German)

INT-0237
Onoda, K. Chemical to accelerate composting.
Japan 33-9,220; filed May 7, 1956; issued
Oct. 17, 1958.

A chemical that accelerates composting is
primarily a mixture of phosphate, nitrogenous
compounds, and potassium salts faith the
addition of such reducing substances as
soluble ferrous salts and hydroquinone.
For the phosphate, nitrogenous compounds,
and potassium salts mixture, a small
amount of tnanganate (e.g. manganese sulfate) ,
molybdate (ammonium molybdate), silicate
(ammonium silicate) and borate (ammonium
borate) may be added, although these are not
absolutely necessary. About 200 to 400 g of
the chemical, dissolved in 40 gal of water,
is used for about 625 kg of rice straw, wheat
straw, or leaves that are either soaked in
water or mixed with stable compost or human
wastes. The soluble ferrous salt yields
ferrous ions which react with the substances
in the compost heap to form complex ferrous
salts, while the sulfides and chlorides formed
and liberated during this process act on
lignin to soften and dissociate its fibrous
structure, thus aidin^ infiltration by aerooic
bacilli. Usually, bacilli discharge various
organic acids to live, but the presence of the
acids is detrimental to further growth and
propagation. Because the ferrous salts help
to neutralize these acids, uninterrupted
propagation of the bacilli can occur and the
complete composting process may finish within
30 to 50 days, rather than in the usual period
of several months. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0238
Igarashi, M. Garbage digestion method.
Japan 34-8,875; filed Aug. 27, 1956; issued
Oct. 2, 1959.

In a new biological garbage treatment method,
both pyrolytic aerobic bacteria capable of
decomposing cellulose elements, and spores
of filamentous fungus capable of dehydrating
garbage, are inoculated into garbage.
Fertilizer can thus be economically produced
from garbage. The digestion tank has four
endless belt conveyors, all of which run
horizontally within the tank, and which are
installed one under another. Slightly
twisted triangular plates are attached to
the end of each of the conveyors, except the
lowest. If the triangular plate for one
is twisted leftward, the one below it is twisted
84
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0236-0240
rlghtward, etc. At the end of the conveyor,
the top garbage layer is turned over as it
drops from the triangular twisted plate onto
the second conveyor, thus exposing the inner
layer to the air. The same turning occurs
at the end of the second conveyor. This
aeration accelerates the propagation of the
bacteria and the active fermentation of the
garbage. The conveyor is usually set at a
speed to al low fjinple fermentation (about 8 hr
per conveyor). At the end of the third con-
veyor (24 hr after feed-in), the temperature
reaches a maximum of 80 C, indicating active
fermentation. Thereafter, the temperature
gradually drops to about 50 C as fermentation
activity decreases. However, the garbage will
still contain a water content of 40 to 50
percent. Although the filamentous fungus is
killed by a temperature as high as 80 C, its
spores survive. As the temperature decreases,
the filamentous fungus begins to propagate
and absorb the water content until the garbage
becomes dry. The dry material is easily pow-
dered for use as a lightweight fertilizer.
(See also Japan 30-9,119) (Text in Japanese)
forated disc below which is a conical funnel
to direct drained liquids into a receptacle.
I
i
tSS.SS/j/7.'7//SS777////////Al.M
1NT-0239
Smith, F. H., and L. C. Salter. Improvements
in or relating to apparatus for preparing
compost. Great Britain 824,391; filed Jan.
30, 1957; issued Nov. 25, 1959.

The apparatus for preparing compost from
animal or vegetable matter comprises a container
with perforated walls to provide aeration and
moisture penetration. The assembly is
supported by a lower frame which is sufficiently
raised to allow proper ventilation and means
for collecting drained liquids of decomposition.
The compost container is cylindrical and of
perforated metal. The top rim is fitted with
a detachable cover to allow introduction of
raw material. The bottom is a circular, per-
t—
INT-0240
Kobayashi, Y. High-speed composting of
garbage. Japan 35-5,876; filed Nov. 27,
1957; issued May 27, 1960.

This tubular fermentation tank's upper half is
85
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Compost/Composting

a rotary drum, having a number of small inner
compartments arranged radially. The bottom,
which has a castor attached, is hinged to
the compartment at one side. Also, on the
bottom is an aeration device, a pipe connected
to the main air pipe by means of a swivel
coupler. Since the external circumference
of the drum is toothed all around and engaged
with the drive gear from the outside, it can
revolve very slowly (once every 3 days).
Under the drum is the horizontal, partitioned
floor on which run bottom castors. A drop
hole is provided in one part of the floor. As
a compartment of the drum moves over the drop
hole, the bottom of that compartment swings
open downward to let its contents fall to a
belt conveyor. Before composting, the garbage
must be separated from metal scraps, glass,
plastics, rubber, and other unfermentables,
and then crushed. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0241
Carmichael, J. Compost making device. Great
Britain 838,897; filed Apr. 9, 1958; issued
June 22, 1960.

The compost-making device includes an assembly
of two upright end supports attached to a base
as the mounting facility for the driving
mechanism, the tank element, and the bearing
support for the shredding mechanism. The
steel tank element includes parallel side
and end walls and a lower curved wall. The
interior is divided into two equal chambers,
for continuous operation by alternate filling
and emptying. The upper side forms a flat,
hinged cover. A rotatory axis runs longi-
tudinally through the tank end bearing
supports, and extends to carry driving
sprockets of the powered chain drive. The
shredding assembly includes a set of teeth
fixed to the interior of the tank wall.
Rotating tooth elements are mounted at the
ends of rotating radial arms, attached at
intervals to the central power-driven axis.
The tooth mountings feature a spring-hinged
device to provide flexibility under excessive
load impact. Interaction between the fixed
and the rotating teeth provides the shredding
action.
INT-0242
Umibuchi, Y. (Kobe City). High-speed garbage
composting device. Japan 35-12,629; filed
Feb. 14, 1959; issued Sept. 3, 1960.

Fully fermented and safe composts and effective
organic fertilizers can be produced from raw
garbage with a few days of processing. The
garbage is thrown onto a conveyor system where
glass, ceramics, metals and the like are
removed by hand. The garbage is then fed into
the crusher and conveyed to the mixer in which
it is mixed with piped-in human wastes or
activated sludge. The mixture drops to the
table feeder under the mixer, then is carried
to the fermentation tank. The interior of the
tank is horizontally divided into three main
chambers, and each chamber is further divided
vertically into two compartments. Each com-
partment is equipped with a three-hladed,
propellorlike stirrer, mounted on a horizontal
shaft. The stirrer turns very slowly, at about
86
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0241-0244
one-fifth of a revolution per minute. The
garbage received in the uppermost chamber is
slowly stirred and moved through all the
compartments. It is discharged in about 48
hr. Old garbage, amounting to about 10
percent, may be retained in the tank and
mixed with new garbage for effective fermen-
tation. Each compartment is adjustably supplied
with air. The storage/finish tank is used for
secondary fermentation. Air is blown in to
promote the fermentation necessary to dehydrate
the initially treated garbage, and to assure
complete decomposition. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0243
Whittall, J. A. (Taywit Industries Limited).
Improvements in or relating to devices for
use in the production of compost from
vegetable matter. Great Britain 852,492;
filed June 27, 1958; issued Oct. 26, 1960.

Production of compost from vegetable matter,
farmyard manure, and soil is facilitated by
means of stacks or vents which traverse and
aerate the compost heap. The assembly comprises
a base framework with an attached cladding of
wire mesh or perforated sheet material, and a
vertical cylindrical chimney of the same material.
One end of the chimney is detachably assembled to
the base. The perforated base portion is of semi-
circular section with open ends.
INT-0244
Earp-Thomas, G. H. Digestors for composting
organic wastes. Canada 613,004; filed May
2, 1958; issued Jan. 24, 1961.

Equipment for composting organic wastes in
both continuous and intermittent operation
comprises a rotatable drum with a longitudinal
horizontal axis. The two divisions of the
drum, a treating chamber and a drying chamber,
are connected by a narrow passage. There
is an inlet in the drum at one end of the
treatment chamber, and an outlet at one end
of the drying chamber. Several screens,
extending radially inward, partition the
treating chamber into sections. Several of
these sections have a series of inwardly
directed, radial and inclined baffles to agi-
tate the material being treated. The material
passes from one section to another through
central openings in the partitions. A simi-
lar series of flanges in the drying chamber
causes agitation of the material, while hot
air is forced through the chamber.
87
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Compost/Composting
INT-0245
Bellinger, J., and H. E. Naef (G. Buehler).
Method and equipment for refuse disposal.
Switzerland 352,295; filed July 12, 1957;
issued Apr. 14, 1961.

Three versions of the process and the plant
are schematically outlined. The refuse is
ground b> a hammermill, then processed by
a magnetic separator. The ferrous fraction
is sent to a scrap press. The rest is
placed in a swing sieve where the heavier
fraction falls through the sieve opening,
while the softer fibrous fraction remains.
The latter goes to a composting clamp where
it is decomposed over a period of 100 days.
In the second version of the system, the
softer fraction is first processed in a mill
before it goes to the clamp. The harder
fraction is reground to the grain size of
sand, and then mixed with the softer fraction.
According to the third version, the refuse
goes to the clamp after it has been separated
from the iron portion. After composting, it
is separated into soft and hard fractions,
which are separately ground. The resulting
products are completely sterile. (Text in
German)
20
ft il
INT-0246
Stridsberg, H., and 0. G. A. Settergren.
Improvements in or relating to compost
turners. Great Britain 872,066; filed Dec
16, 1959; issued July 5, 1961.
The compost turner comprises a framework
carried by drive and guide wheels. Compost
is fed onto an inclined conveyor, then into
a motor-driven cylindrical shredding member,
equipped at its ends with helical blades which
carry the compost to radially projecting,
tearing elements. In operation, the compost
turner is moved slowly into the compost pile,
parts of which are conveyed upward to the
shredders and discharged through a hopper at
the rear of the vehicle.
INT-0247
Fiorenzo, B. Urban solid wastes treatment
and transformation into organic-mineral
fertilizers. Italy 623,312; filed May 23,
1959; issued July 12, 1961.

Solid wastes are separated by a rotary screen
into two fractions (greater than and less
than 12 mm), then graded by hand to eliminate
paper, rags, glass, bones, and nonferrous metals;
eventually the waste is submitted to electro-
magnetic separation of ferrous parts. The
product is titrated, passed through a roll
crusher, and then sent to a ballistic separator
(hammer crusher) to separate the heavier part
of the wastes, such as wood and rubber, which are
burnt in a furnace. The finer part, containing
the organic matter, is mixed with phosphate
rock, potassium and ammonium salts, peat, etc.,
and sprayed with bacterial cultures which pro-
88
-------
duce acid fermentation (e.g. whey, lactic acid)
and prevent possible alcohol or methanolic
fermentations. The action of these organic
acids on calcium carbonate and calcium
phosphate increases the phosphoric anhydride
solubility, either in citric acid or in
0245-0251
ammonium citrate. This solubilization can
be improved by addition of sulfuric acid or
acid salts; the deodorizing and disinfecting
action can be accentuated by the addition of
formalin, phenol, etc. (Text in Italian)
INT-0248
Usse, J., and H. Spindler (Compagni Electro-
Chimique du Centre). Humus fertilizers by
fermentation of garbage. Germany 1,126,895;
filed Jan. 21, 1960; issued Apr. 5, 1962;

Alkali-containing wastes from the sodium
hydroxide treatment of straw are used as
agents for the neutralization of fermented
garbage acidity, prior to composting. This
considerably shortens the time needed for the
biological autoregulation of the compost pH
value. The wastes contain further silicates
and organic substances, such as lignin, that
modify the colloidal state of the garbage, thus
forming large, reactive contact areas. The
wastes are also good nutrients for microorgan-
isms. Thus, an alkali waste is mixed with
garbage in the ratio of 35,000 liters to 100
tons. The composting is carried out in air
for A to 5 weeks. A granular substance is
obtained containing 40 percent water. The
yield is 70 percent. (Text in German)
INT-0249
(Urbiochimica- S.p.A.). Organic-mineral
fertilizers. Italy 640,590; filed Nov. 17,
1959; issued May 30, 1962.

Organic refuse is treated with mixtures
of an acidifying microorganism, such as
Laetobacillus pentoaceticus, L. fermenti,
or L. plantarum, a microbiological activator,
and an acidifying liquid, such as phosphoric
acid. The mixtures obtained are fermented
anaerobically, and then aerobically. Aqueous
solutions containing about 10 percent (culture
plus activator) and 5 to 10 percent phosphoric
acid are used. (Text in Italian)
INT-0250
Clement, H., and P. Clement. Production of
fertilizer from bagasse by-products. France
1,303,380; filed Oct. 12, 1961; issued
July 30, 1962.

A procedure is provided for the production
of fertilizer from by-products of sugarcane
processing. Wild bagasse and screenings are
separated by pneumatic aspiration or other
means during transport to the heating chamber.
The material is inoculated with bacteria
mixed with mineral salts and hormones, in
amounts to create proper balances of phosphoric
anhydride and potassium oxide and N-nitrogen.
The mixture is stored in stacks for 4 weeks and
yields a composition comparable to that of
the soil in which it is to be used. (Text in
French)

INT-0251
Ruckstuhl-Scherrer, E. (Investment Trust).
Conversion of refuse, sewage sludge, etc.
into compost. Germany 1,137,050; filed
Feb. 12, 1960; issued Sept. 27, 1962.

This process is carried out in a closed fer-
mentation system in which material withdrawn
from the bottom of the vessel can again be
fed into the top. The starting material is
left static for 3 to 24 hr, with only the
air/gas mixture being circulated from the
bottom to the top of the system. The material
is then transferred by batch from the bottom
to the top in the presence of an increased
amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Some
fresh air may be added. Then the material
is subjected to further aeration by batch,
with the addition of larger quantities of
fresh air, and finally rotated continuously
in an abundant supply of air. (Text in
German)
89
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Compost/Composting
INT0252
Flounders, J. M. A process and apparatus
for the treatment of sewage and garbage.
Great Britain 925,485; filed Jan. 23, 1961;
issued May 8, 1963.

This process treats sewage and garbage to
produce compost. The apparatus is adapted to
treat all habitation wastes from a community,
including garbage and sewage sludge. Large
solids are removed from the raw sewage liquid.
Sludge is separated from the liquid and con-
ducted to a digester. The garbage and large
solids removed from the raw sewage liquid are
pulverized. The pulverized material is mixed
with the sludge from the digesters, and the
mixture is fermented to obtain a soil fertilizer.
A screen is used to remove the large solids
from the sewage liquid. A rotary drum is used
to mix the pulverized material with sludge from
the digestor. The temperature of the fermenting
mixture rises to at least 160 F within 24 hr,
and is maintained at this temperature for a
period of time sufficient to ensure that all
dangerous bacteria are destroyed. Fermentation
usually takes 5 to 10 days. (See also Great
Britain 925,484)
RAGS
ELEVATOR ,s
/n^ CONVEYOR
FERMENTATION
CELLS
RAW SEWAGE
PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
FOR SALE
TO DUMP
ROTARVSCREEN
SEWAGESCREEN
COMPOST TO MATURE
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL
HOLDER
SLUDGE
INT-0253
Binns, J. Process and apparatus for the treat-
ment of domestic refuse. Great Britain 926,790;
filed Mar. 19, 1962; issued May 22, 1963.

Domestic refuse is treated in this process to
produce a compost for horticultural and agri-
cultural use. The process includes an improved
screening method. The refuse is first wetted
and then partially fermented by static exposure
to air. Metallic material is removed from
the mass, which then proceeds to a grinding
mill. The ground material arrives at a double
stage vibrating device, which screens out rela-
tively large compressible objects made of rubber
or polyethylene, which would not subsequently
be shattered in a hammermill in a later stage
of the process. Material passing through
90
-------
0252-0255
the screens falls onto a conveyor belt which
carries it toward a fermentation container,
to complete the process. Fermentation of
the finely ground material is completed under
controlled temperature and moisture conditions.
(See also Great Britain 919,955 and 974,047)
INT-0254
Rees, D. F., S. A. Gothard, and L. P. Brunt
(Compost Engineers Limited). Improvements
in or relating to the treatment of organic
refuse or the like material. Great Britain
929,870; filed Oct. 7, 1960; issued June 26,
1963.

Organic refuse is treated by aerobic fermenta-
tion in this process. The material is aerated
by being mechanically disturbed to allow
substantially complete exposure to air. The
material is continuously fed into a trough,
which is provided with a device for moving
the material along. Material is continuously
lifted from the first trough, and allowed to
fall freely onto a conveyor. This effects
aeration. Half of the material on the conveyor
is returned to the first trough to be recircu-
lated. The remainder is passed to a second
trough, which also has a device for moving the
material. By this method, partly fermented
and unfermented materials are mixed in substan-
tially equal proportions. Material may be
continuously removed from the second trough by
elevator to a conveyor. About half of this
material is then recirculated through the
second trough; the other half is conveyed away
from the trough. Moisture content of the
material may be increased through the use
of water sprays, or decreased by use of a hot
air tunnel. The electrical resistance of the
material is measured to indicate the moisture
content. The temperature of the material will
have a significant bearing upon the speed of
decomposition. A device may be provided to
measure and vary the temperature of the
material.
INT-0255
Kubo, K. (H. Konoshima, and T. Aizawa).
Disposal method for kitchen and regular
garbage. Japan 38-11 ,541; filed Apr. 26,
1960; issued July 8, 1963.

An antiseptic agent, such as slaked lime, is
added to ground kitchen and regular garbage
before it is pressed into cakes. Pebbles,
ceramics, metals, etc., are first removed
by the appropriate separation process. Then
the garbage is fed into a hopper, whose bottom
opens into a screw feeder with a rotary
wheel equipped with shredding edges. The
ground garbage drops to a belt conveyor,
and then into another hopper. A roll press
squeezes the water out of the garbage, before
it drops to another conveyor and is carried
to a storage basin. An antiseptic sterilizer
agent such as slaked lime is sprayed over the
garbage in the storage basin. While the agent
is added, the garbage is stirred until it
reaches the proper viscosity. If the garbage
is intended for use as a fertilizer, a silicate
is added. The slaked lime reacts with the
remaining water to form an alkaline calcium
water solution, which prevents the generation
of bad odors and the propagation of bacteria
during storage. After pressing, the sanitary
cakes of garbage can be easily transported
from urban areas to farming localities and
stored. When the cakes are to be used to make
compost, they are thoroughly wetted and heaped
for necessary fermentation. (Text in Japanese)
91
-------
Compost/Composting
INT-0256
Pictor, J. W, D., E. D. Woodhouse, and A.
Jakobson (Head, Wrightson and Company
Limited). Method and apparatus for the
continuous treatment of municipal refuse
or other organic matter for the production
of manures. Great Britain 931,365; filed
Feb. 16, 1961; issued July 17, 1963.

Municipal refuse or other organic matter,
such as sludge or sewage filter cake, is
continuously treated to produce humus and/or
manure for agricultural fertilizer or soil
conditioner. A quantity of municipal refuse
is mixed with a quantity of sewage sludge,
and fed to a fixed feed chamber. The
chamber is provided with a series of rotat-
able vanes for shredding and mixing the
material. The material is propelled out
of the chamber, and is received by a slowly
rotating fermenting drum. The drum is
horizontally arranged adjacent to the
chamber to receive the mixed and shredded
material. Groups of nozzles are spaced
along the axial length of the fermentation
drum. The nozzles direct jets of air in
an axial direction into the material.
Also included is a rotating discharge device,
through which the material passes after
treatment. A liquid, for example water or
ammonia solution, can be introduced into the
material prior to or during the mixing and
shredding operation to control its moisture
content.
INT-0257
Naef, H. (G. Buehler). Refuse utilization
plant. Switzerland 372,012; filed Jan. 10,
1959; issued Sept. 30, 1963.

This plant consists of a shredder and a fully
mechanical discharge device for heaping refuse
at the composting clamps. A shredder and a
38 36
discharger are connected by a drag chain
conveyor, which is equipped with a bunker
so shredded refuse can be rerouted for other
purposes. The conveyor is partially open at
the bottom to guarantee free discharge to
the first composting clamps. It is adjustable
in height, so that the refuse, heaped in layers,
can be covered successively by composted
45?
6 f8
12
92
-------
0256-0260
material or ordinary soil. The discharge
device can be moved about a fixed point. The
composting clamps are spread out in the form
of a sector. They are fenced in by a circular
driveway, concentric with the fixed point.
The composting clamps may also be arranged
in a star-shaped pattern. The vertical arms
of the discharge device rise upward from the
fixed point to form truncated pyramids. The
discharge device may be equipped with a
compost removal implement, or it may have a
double-acting drag chain conveyor for return
of the finished compost. (Text in German)
€5 6f SS
INT-0258
(Societe Auxiliaire de Nettoiement, S.A.).
Treatment of compost originating from
household waste for conversion into humic
phosphates. France 1,357,467; filed May 22,
1963; issued Apr. 3, 1964.

The treatment uses pulverized phosphoric
anhydride to achieve drying while convert-
ing calcium carbonate into dibasic calcium
phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
For even distribution, the pulverized
calcium phosphate is diluted with talc. The
compost should contain 25 to 30 percent water
for the conversion of the calcium phosphate
into phosphoric acid and calcium phosphates.
For the exothermic reaction and subsequent
cooling, the mixtures are left 24 hr, in
large heaps. (Text in French)

INT-0259
Prat, F. Improvements in and relating to
the fermentation of waste organic material
for agricultural purposes. Great Britain
955,338; filed Aug. 5, 1960; issued Apr. 15,
1964.

The waste is placed, with a minor proportion
of compost from a previous fermentation, in
an open vat. The vat's sidewalls are formed
to allow abundant natural aeration of the
contents, which are sprayed with water con-
taining a nitrogenous compound in solution.
The amount of this compound, according to the
water, carbon, and nitrogen contents of the
waste, should bring the water content of the
waste to 50 to 60 percent , and the ratio of
carbon to nitrogen in the waste to 25 to 35
to 1. Not more than 85 cu m of household
waste must be placed in the vat, which has a
volume of not more than 100 cu m. Not more
than 30 percent sewage sludge must be included
with the household waste. The additions to
household waste of the sludge, compost, and
aqueous solution are effected in four stages
at the time of loading in the vats. The
apparatus removes the fermented mass from
each vat; and receives, conveys, and
treats the material. This includes sieving,
metal removing, fine particle separating, and
residue crushing.
—1 * , "/^\1"
,' y '<. ^ I A ^
INT-0260
(Paul Treckmann and Company). Method and
apparatus for the treatment of refuse for
conversion into fertilizers. Great Britain
963,804; filed Mar. 15, 1963; issued July 15,
1964.

A method of treatment of refuse for conversion
into fertilizers utilizes conveyors and a
pulverizer. The refuse is sorted by
centrifugal action. Because of this, that
portion of the refuse which is fed to and
ejected by the pulverizer, and which is
suitable for conversion into fertilizers,
is enriched by air. Afterward, the refuse
is continuously discharged, blown by an
airstream, into a bunker. After a period
of fermentation in the bunker, the material
93
-------
Compost/Composting
is drawn off and recycled in a continuous
stream to the pulverizer, with further
untreated refuse. It is again discharged
into the bunker, after which the cycle is
repeated several times, until part of the
bunker contents are discharged.
container open at the top and bottom. The
upper part is provided with a pivotally
mounted lid, which admits air when.closed.
A hand-controlled, gravity actuated plate
is kept within the container. The plate
is independent of the container. The
contents of the container can be compressed
by using the plate manually; the weight of
the plate effects compression when unattend-
ed. The bin is for use in domestic gardens,
enabling a gardener to keep the grounds
tidy, and at the same time turn garden
rubbish into useful compost.
INT-0261
Tapin, J. H. Treatment of urban refuse.
Great Britain 1,002,550; filed June 23, 1964;
issued Aug. 25, 1965.

Urban refuse is initially processed for
agricultural use by sorting out the inorganics.
This is followed by pulverization and fermen-
tation. An additional postfermentation sorting
by a pneumatic fluidizedbed technique lowers
the inorganic content still further. The
undesirable mineral matter is thus separated
from the fermented mass.

INT-0262
Reynolds, H. An improved compost bin.
Great Britain 970,757; filed Aug. 25, 1962;
issued Sept. 23, 1964.

The compost bin is composed of an upright
tJTh^
INT-0263
(Societa Agricola Industrials Tevere).
Organic fertilizer production. Italy 668,778;
filed May 17, 1962; issued Oct. 5, 1964.
Solid waste matter from city and town sewage
is sifted in the beginning of this process.
Useless material is separated and ferrous
materials are eliminated. The product is
94
-------
0261-0266
spread and exposed to air and a catalyst is
added. The material is subjected to aerobic
fermentation, sifted once again, and further
processed to give an organic fertilizer.
(Text in Italian)
INT-0264
Lavallee, W. (General Society of Refuse
Recovery Limited). Method and apparatus
for treating garbage. Canada 695,780; filed
July 20, 1960; issued Oct. 13, 1964.

Garbage containing foodstuff, metal, paper,
rags, and other hard and soft materials is
treated with a proportionate amount of
fertilizer additives. The resultant mixture
is subjected to a breaking action. The com-
minuted material is screened; the unscreened
ferro-magnetic material is magnet-separated.
Rags and paper are sorted and recovered. The
screened material is subjected to a digesting
process, consisting of exposing the material to
air under cyclically varying pressure. The
digested material is dried, and screened, and
recovered as compost. The fertilizer additives
used are lime and phosphate rock. The separated
ferro-magnetic material is subjected to a
suitable temperature to remove paint, tin,
and other substances, and the resultant cleaned
material is recovered. The breaking and
screening action is performed on the raw gar-
bage in a continuous flow process. The screened
material is digested by a batch process.
35 IS fi 13 K f?
lation comprising several comminution and grad-
ing stages. Screen oversize, after a particular
comminution stage, is thermally treated at
a temperature at which it is dried and shrunk,
but not combusted. It is then further comminuted.
The heating and comminution can take place
either successively or simultaneously. (Text
in German)
INT-0266
(Societe des Applications Rationnelles de
Constructions Metalliques et Etudes de
Manutention). Apparatus for the fermentation
of household wastes transformed into compost.
France 1,426,317; filed Dec. 16, 1964; issued
Jan. 28, 1966.
INT-0265
Leutelt, H., and K. Suchowski. (Hartzerklein-
erungs- u. Zement-Maschinenbau-G.m.b.H.).
Refuse preparation. Germany 1,192,992; filed
Apr. 8, 1964; issued May 20, 1965.

Refuse is prepared for composting in an instal-
95
-------
Compost/Composting
An apparatus consisting of sieves, a separator,
a mixing system, mills, a cylindric container
with an interior mixing system, a distributor
of air, an irrigation system, and a control
apparatus (manometer, thermometer, pH meter,
hydrometer) is provided for the accelerated
fermentation of household wastes. The proce<-
dure consists in sieving the wastes to eliminate
metal parts, grinding to a predetermined size,
fermentation with automatic control of
temperature and acidity, and eventual air
intake under pressure. (Text in French)

INT-0267
Brock, G. An improved method of and
apparatus for processing town waste to
produce compost. Great Britain 1,023,467;
filed Oct. 16, 1963; issued Mar. 23, 1966.

This refuse treatment method processes town
waste to produce a compost suitable for use
as a fertilizer. The waste is separated so
that any salvageable material, such as card-
board, glass, or metal objects, may be recovered
for reuse. Then the waste is fed into a rota-
ting drum where it is mixed with sludge and
disintegrated. This disintegrated waste is
passed to a jacketed drum where it is treated
with air and steam to create the conditions
necessary for bacterial action, due to thermo-
philic organisms, to occur. The mixture is
rotated for roughly 48 hr so that when it
emerges from the discharge end of the drum, it
is suitable for disposal, use in agriculture,
or storage and subsequent use.
INT-0268
Mirnyy, A. N., and N. F. Gulyayev. Multi-
story fermentation installation for transforming
refuse into compost. U.S.S.R. 185,349; filed
June 17, 1965; issued Aug. 13, 1966.

A multistory cylindrical tower is provided with
a charging hopper, which contains a centrally
rotating, full-length, vertical shaft enclosing
a coaxial stationary rod. Each story contains
three mutually parallel horizontal rods, two of
which are fixed to the hollow shaft. The third
is threaded and connected at one end to the
-cationary rod, while its other end pivots in
the end plate joining the free ends of the other
two rods. A tiller share is supported by the
pair of unthreaded rods, and driven by the third,
threaded rod. In operation, the three-rod
assemblies, carrying the tiller shares, rotate
with the driven hollow shaft about its axis,
engendering the rotation of the threaded bar
about its own axis, and the consequent displace-
ment of the tiller share toward, or away from,
the center of the tower, depending on the sense
of rotation of a speed reducer. (Text in Rus-
sian)
I ">(////',
INT-0269
Sekino, M., and T. Wada (Mitsubishi Heavy
Industry Company, Ltd.). Device to extract
vinyl materials from composts of the compost-
ing machine. Japan 41-15,234; filed Mar. 14,
1963; issued Aug. 27, 1966.

When compost containing vinyl scraps is applied
to fields, the vinyl does not improve the soil,
and does not decompose. To eliminate vinyl and
similar materials from compost, the garbage is
dumped into a hopper at the treatment plant and
carried to the fermentation tank by a conveyor.
Such items as canvas shoes, wooden clogs, vinyl
bags, and wooden pieces are removed after
fermentation. The scraps of plastic are
picked out when the compost contacts the
surface of a hot roller. Another hot roller
96
-------
0267-0274
melts the remaining scrap. The melted plastic
is then scraped off the surfaces of the rollers.
The rollers rotate constantly on the motive
force of the conveyor. This invention can be
applied not only to the rotary kiln-type compost-
ing machine described here, but to all other
types of garbage composting devices. (Text
in Japanese)

INT-0270
Isnack, H. S. Enzymes for activating composts.
France 1,460,727; filed Oct. 2, 1965; issued
Dec. 2, 1966.

Enzymes such as occur in slugs, snails, locusts,
ants, and grasshoppers, and which degrade
cellulose rapidly, are added to the organic
matter in a composting process. (Text in
French)

INT-0271
Begidzhanov, M. N., Y. V. Matveyev, and
L. G. Karanova (All-Union Scientific-Research
and Experimental-Design Institute of
Municipal Machine Construction). Device for
treatment of refuse. U.S.S.R. 190,193;
filed Nov. 1, 1965; issued Dec. 16, 1966.

The device consists of a cylindrical drum
resting on roller supports, and rotated about
its axis by a motor drive. The ends of the
drum extend partly into the stationary
inlet and outlet chambers. Four equally
spaced pusher vanes of box-type cross section,
bent in the shape of segments of a conical
helix> are fastened to the inner surface of
the drum at its inlet end. Their free ends
extend into the inclined horseshoe-shaped
chute. The slope angle of the chute is close
to the angle of dynamic slip of the refuse
to be treated. Refuse is charged by conveyor
into the opening of the inlet chamber, and
slides forward on the chute under its own
weight until it interferes with the pusher
vanes. As they move past the chute walls, the
vanes propel the refuse into the drum. Dusty
and malodorous air is sucked away through a
port. The refuse remains in the drum for 1 to
3 days, and it is converted by the action of
microorganisms during this period into bio-
fuel or compost. These are discharged from
the outlet chamber. (Text in Russian)
INT-0272
(Dano Ingenioerforretning og Maskinfabrik
Ingenioer Kaj Petersen's Fond). Aerobic
fermentation of solid organic waste material.
Netherlands 6,610,357; filed July 22, 1966;
issued Jan. 23, 1967.

Waste material, e.g. household refuse, is
fermented under aerobic conditions in a horizon-
tally rotating container filled to about 80
percent capacity. The gases are removed and
exchanged by air. This exchange is intermittent,
because the air inlet valves are blocked by
waste material when they are in the lower part
of the rotating container. The valves are cone-
shaped and positioned in the wall at the end,
in the side of the container, or in a connecting
side structure. Fresh material is added at one
side of the container, and fermented material
is removed at the other end. The gases are
removed countercurrent to the flow of the waste
material. (See also Great Britain 820,999)
(Text in Dutch)
INT0273
(Traitement Industriel des Gadoues). A chamber
for the treatment of household waste by acceler-
ated fermentation. France 1,473,141; filed Jan.
17, 1966; issued Feb. 6, 1967.

A chamber for the fermentation of household
refuse is built in the form of a hyperboloid
frustum with a 60-degree base angle. This shape
prevents the lateral pressures which can result
in compressive blockage. The entire structure
is built from prefabricated, lozenge-shaped
units of concrete or metal, of progressively
diminishing size from base to top, which, when
assembled, result in the prescribed hyperboloid
form. (Text in French)

INT-0274
Abson, J. W., and D. Broadhurst (Simon Handling
Engineers Limited). Improvements in bacterio-
logical digesters for conversion of organic
waste. Great Britain 1,060,461; filed Jan. 28,
1964; issued Mar. 1, 1967.
97
-------
Compost/Composting
A method is described for operating a vertical,
tower-type, bacteriological digester for the
continuous composting of municipal refuse. The
temperature and carbon dioxide content of the
gases of decomposition are continuously measured,
and quantities of water and air, fed to the
digester, are automatically controlled in
accordance with these measurements. To stimulate
bacteriological activity, a small quantity of
bacteriologically active material is withdrawn
from an intermediate state in the digestion, and
fed back to freshly received material. The
digester comprises a tall, hollow cylinder,
divided into compartments by horizontal plates,
with coaxial rotating shafts passing into all
compartments from the bottom to the top of the
cylinder. The air and gases of decomposition
pass successively through each superimposed
compartment to an outlet port at the top of the
cylinder, where means are provided for detect-
ing changes in the temperature and composition
of the gas.
CO,
INT-0275
Bulmer, L. Composts or plant growth media
for horticultural and the like purposes.
Great Britain 1,068,753; filed Apr. 27, 1965;
issued May 10, 1967.

Equal parts of fly ash, furnace bottom ash or
precipitated ash, and sphagnum peat moss are
mixed by mechanical means to form a compost.
Small amounts of fertilizing materials may be
added. In one example, these might be 1.5 oz
of superphosphate, 0.75 oz of chalk, and 0.25
oz of potassium nitrate to a bushel of the
mixture. The product may be molded into blocks
for convenience in handling with the addition
of cement or other bonding agent, or simply
pressure-molded in a moist state and wrapped
or coated. Advantages in the compost are:
freedom from weed seeds, grubs, and plant
diseases; and inexpensive production.

INT-0276
Tenaille, G. (Traitement Industriel des
Gadoues). Apparatus for transforming organic
waste into compost. Switzerland 429,789;
filed Jan. 12, 1965; issued Aug. 15, 1967.

An apparatus for the transformation of organic
waste material into compost has at least one
fermentation tower, whose floor is shaken
horizontally by a helical drive mechanism.
This device is cogged, and its exterior end
is movable by means of a wagon. A conveyor
feeds the fragmented refuse into a funnel,
which conducts it to a horizontal conveyor.
This brings it to an oscillating chute leading
to the fermentation tower. The waste is
distributed between the two chambers in the
tower by the chute. Ventilation is provided
by adjustable devices, and the contents are
stirred regularly. (Text in German)
INT-0277
Rees, D. F. (Compost Engineers Limited, and
John Thompson Industrial Constructions
Limited). Apparatus for the aerobic fermenta-
tion of organic matter and method for its
operation. Switzerland 437,380; filed Dec. 27,
1963; issued Nov. 30, 1967.

An apparatus for aerobic fermentation and
composting of organic material consists of a
-------
0275-0279
cylindrical drum, mounted horizontally, and
with a lockable aperture for filling. The
drum assembly has alternately perforated and
solid wall plates to provide for aeration,
sifting organic matter, and emptying the drum.
The plates are removable. Flanges, extending
radially from the outside drum surface, shovel
material to a conveyor belt. The material
within the closed drum is pulverized by
rotation. Air is brought in periodically by
the perforations, between intervals for fermen-
INT-0278
Ruckstuhl, E. (Maschinenbau Ruckstuhl and
Company). Refuse composting equipment. Germany
1,263,034; filed Aug. 7, 1962; issued Mar. 14,
1968.

The equipment comprises a mechanism for turning
over the material in closed fermenters by
bottom discharging and recharging to the top of
the fermenter. Time is allowed for variable
fermenting in the fermenters. These are in the
form of a segmented vertical cylinder, divided
tation when the apertures are closed. (Text
in German)
by radial partitions, with a bottom extractor
moving around the periphery on a center pivot.
The extractor worm has supplementary cutters on
the edges of its flights. (See also Germany
1,250,844) (Text in German)
r
INT-0279
De Roever, J. G. (Rheinstahl Industrie-Planung
G.m.b.H.). Equipment for conditioning of
waste material containing organic constituents
such as domestic refuse. Switzerland
454,191; filed June 8, 1965; issued Apr. 15,
1968.

A horizontally rotating drum is provided with
an outlet opening, a stationary cover with
an inlet opening which closes the drum at one
end, a chute for charging the material through
the inlet to the drum, and a seal between the
drum and the cover. The improved seal is of
the labyrinth type, formed of concentric, annu-
lar ribs, alternately fixed to the flanges of
the stationary cover and the rotating drum.
The material being conditioned in the drum
oozes into the clearance spaces, providing a
pliant sealant which readily adapts to any
eccentricity of the sealing area. The bulkhead
plates return the excess sealant to the drum
through an opening located above the charging
chute. To facilitate cleaning the seal, the
flange of the drum is made of short, bolted
segments, which can be removed and replaced
-------
Compost/Composting
individually. (See also Switzerland 454,925)
(Text in German)
I—I
INT-0280
Balu, A. Composting of organic refuse under
aerobic conditions. Canada 784,640; filed
July 10, 1965; issued May 7, 1968.

Organic refuse is composted by feeding it into
a closed chamber, a trench with a movable roof.
Air is blown through the refuse to activate
fermentation. The refuse remains in the chamber
until it has decomposed to the point of prac-
tical elimination of putrid and foul odors.
The refuse is then allowed to stand in the open
air; and additional air is also forced through
the refuse until complete decomposition occurs.
The refuse is retained in the chamber for
approximately 12 days, and in the open air,
with forced air injection, for 8 days. The
refuse is ground before it is fed into the
closed chamber.

3
INT-0281
Lindstrom, R. E. An arrangement for the
composting of organic waste material. Great
Britain 1,126,520; filed Aug. 31, 1967;
issued Sept. 5, 1968.

An arrangement for composting organic waste
material comprises a container, which, by
means of two substantially vertical, trans-
versely extending partitions, is divided into
three compartments, communicating with each
other at their lower portions. The bottom
of the container has such a longitudinal
inclination that waste material introduced
into any of the two upper compartments will,
by gravity, slide downward to the lowest
compartment at a rate at which, upon arriving
•17
100
-------
0280-0284
at the last compartment, it is composted.
Ventilation is provided for the interior of
the container via an air inlet in the lowest
compartment, an outlet at the uppermost portion
of the container, and channels extending
longitudinally along the container. These
channels terminate at their lower ends in a
ventilated part of the container. The parti-
tion between the two upper compartments is
hollow, and forms a ventilating shaft. Through
this shaft, the channels are in communication
with the air outlet at the upper end.

INT0282
Hofer, H. (Gebrueder Buehler A.G.). Methods
and device for turning compost piles.
Switzerland 466,800; filed Aug. 25, 1966;
issued Dec. 15, 1968.

A method of turning compost piles is character-
ized by scraping the top layer on one side of
the pile, and throwing the material over the
top of the pile onto the other side. The
operation is repeated until the entire pile has
been turned. An oblique chair conveyor with
scrapers moves along the clamp, and performs
the operation. It is attached to a support
which runs alongside the clamp, in a guide rail.
(See also Great Britain 1,165,058) (Text in
German)
INT-0283
Coll, J. Compost container and mold. Great
Britain 1,149,156; filed Mar. 26, 1968;
issued Apr. 16, 1969.

Organic refuse is treated by composting, and
the resulting compost is shaped in a device
comprising a circular or multisided tube.
The tube is open at both ends, and tapers
inward from the base to the top. The
device is preferably large enough to hold
half the organic refuse suitable for compost-
ing derived annually from the average home
and garden. The slope of the sides of the
device is sufficient to facilitate easy removal
of the device from a compacted compost heap.
Refuse is preferably introduced periodically
through the top of the apparatus , and is
compacted naturally as it accumulates;
compost-making powder is added at one or more
levels. The device provides an attractive,
ready-to-use, stable, and portable container
which suits the requirements of the average
home. The container protects accumulating
refuse from weather and birds, and encourages
the retention of moisture.

IIMT-0284
Truemper-Boedemann, E. (Hartzerkleinerungs-
und Zementmaschinenbau). Composting tower for
production of humus fertilizers from ground
refuse. Germany 1,292,678; filed Oct. 28, 1961;
issued Apr. 17, 1969.

The cylindrical sidewall of the composting
tower has radial boreholes which are connected
f
101
-------
Compost/Composting
with an air compressor, and which incorporate
a coaxial, perforated, cylindrical air duct.
The radial boreholes are in spacer rings lying
between the successive cylindrical sidewall
segments, and are connected with an air com-
pressor by annular ducts surrounding the spacer
rings. In another version, the annular ducts
are connected with a vertical stack, and the
cylindrical air duct is provided, at several
levels, with sets of hollow, radial, stirrer
arms of wedge-shaped cross section, with
perforations in the vertical sides opposing
the respective leading edges. In both versions,
standard pipe sections are used in the tower
assembly, and the supply of oxygen to the
several segments of the tower can be regulated
to provide optimal conditions for each stage
of the fermentation process. The second version
enhances the homogeneity of the end product by
mechanical stirring. (See also France 839,321)
(Text in German)

INT-0285
Cobey, H. T. Compost turner and windrow
turning machine. Great Britain 1,151,952;
filed May 23, 1967; issued May 14, 1969.

A self-propelled, wheeled, compost-turning
apparatus has a straddle frame defining a
longitudinally extending passageway in its
direction of travel. A compost turning and
fragmenting toothed drum is rotatably secured
on the frame and in the passageway to implement
rotation about an axis transverse to the
passageway. A pair of vertically disposed
retaining wings are mounted on the frame in a
transversely spaced relationship, and they
extend forward from the drum to define the
feed throat of the apparatus, and rearward to
define the discharge throat. A power means is
connected to the drum to cause rotation, and
thus transfer compost material from the feed
throat through the passageway to the discharge
throat.
INT-0286
Abson, J. W., C. Howe, and D. Eroadhurst
(Simon Handling Engineers Limited). Improve-
ments in or relating to the treatment of
materials comprising compostible organic matter.
Great Britain 1,152,705; filed Oct. 25, 1966;
issued May 21, 1969.

A method is disclosed for removing offensive
odors from exhaust gases. These gases are
produced in an aerobic bacterial digestion
stage of a process for the conversion of
compostible organic matter, such as municipal
refuse, into compost. The gases are sprayed
with an aqueous solution of oxidizing agent,
such as acidic potassium permanganate. The
concentration of potassium permanganate in
the solution is maintained between 10 and 35
g per liter. The acid concentration is not
greater than five times the minimum necessary
to fully utilize the oxidizing properties of
the permanganate. The treatment is carried out
in a substantially void tower in which the
solution is sprayed in concurrent flow with
the gas.

INT-0287
Prat, F. Improvements in and relating to a
method and apparatus for the production of
compost from household waste. Great Britain
1,153,587; filed June 27, 1966; issued May
29, 1969.

The garbage, as it is collected, is emptied
directly into mobile silos, whose external
aeration surface is adjustable by a device
uncovering or covering openings provided in
the bottom and sidewalls of the silos. The
material in the silos is then subjected, in
succession, to forced aeration under optimum
elevated temperature and humidity conditions,
then to natural aeration, and, finally, to
retarded aeration. This stepwise reduction
of aeration produces variations in fermentation
intensity, making it possible to attain a
temperature of 65 C rapidly and to maintain
such a temperature without exceeding it. The
duration of the fermentation may be only about
4 days. The mobile silos can then be moved
to an installation for screening, for auto-
102
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0285-0291
matic extraction of iron residues, and for
crushing and elimination of plastics.
INT 0288
Tree, S. B. (Fisons Fertilizers Limited).
Composts. Great Britain 1,155,327; filed
Sept. 11, 1967; issued June 18, 1969.

This process is for the manufacture of com-
pressed tablets of compost containing peat which
expand upon watering to form an effective media
for plant growth. The method consists of ad-
mixing together a peat, with a water content in
excess of 20 percent by weight, with fertilizer
and other components, in an amount comprising 5
to 20 percent of the dry weight of the peat. The
mixture is dried to a water content of 3 to 20
percent by weight, and compressed into tablets
by molds employing a pressure in the range of
0.1 to 5 tons per sq in. The fertilizer compo-
nents contain some or all of the nutrient
elements nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus
with or without trace elements.

INT-0289
Tenaille, G. (Traitement Industriel des
Gadoues). Cell for the treatment of domestic
wastes prepared by said process of accelerated
fermentation. Switzerland 472,347; filed Dec.
12, 1966; issued June 30, 1969.

To treat waste prepared through accelerated
fermentation, the sewage received during a day
is amassed in the first cell and passes suc-
cessively into three other similar cells. The
treatment is completed in 4 days, and each day
a cell is freed in order for a new treatment
cycle to begin. The installation should com-
prise four cells capable of receiving the waste
collected during 1 day, or if the amount of
sewage is too much for one cell, it should be
comprised of several groups of four cells each,
so all of the waste collected can be stored in
a single cell of each cell group. (Text in
French)
INT-0290
Wakiyama, M., N. Michiko, and F. Sozaburo.
Composting method. Japan 44-17,967; filed
Sept. 17, 1961; issued Aug. 7, 1969.

The traditional compost-making method is to
sprinkle human feces on the piled material,
and stir it from time to time to expose the
inside of the pile to oxygen and thus quicken
the maturing. However, this requires a great
deal of effort and time. This invention im-
proves the air circulation of compost, quickens
maturing, and mixes metal salts, etc., into the
compost. The spiral metal scrapings obtained
from the shaping of iron bars on a lathe are
mixed with compost material to quicken the
maturing process. Because of the spiral scrap-
ings, there are numerous irregular gaps in the
compost, enabling the aerobic fermentation of
bacteria by exposure to oxygen. The propagation
of bacteria is promoted and at the same time,
without stirring the compost, the fermentation
bacteria are saved from being destroyed because
of the heat they emit. Putrefaction of compost
is also accelerated. Oxidation of spiral-shaped
iron scrapings is quickened because of water
contained in the compost and because of human
manure sprinkled on the compost. The oxidized
iron is dissolved in the compost, improving the
effectiveness of compost as fertilizer. Because
the iron scrapings are oxidized, there is less
danger of personal injuries during the course
of handling the compost. The scrapings and
compost material are spread in alternate layers.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0291
Emmet, E. Method and equipment for the prepa-
ration of compost from organic wastes. Germany
1,300,957; filed Feb. 15, 1963; issued Aug. 14,
1969.

Compost is obtained from organic wastes, espe-
cially town refuse, clarification sludge, kitch-
103
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Compost/Composting
en garbage, and fecal matter, by fermentation in
rotating containers. The surface of the waste
is intensively treated with warm (40 to 65 C),
moist air so that, as a result of the rotation,
the waste is alternately exposed to and sub-
stantially excluded from aeration. The
fermented material is placed in airtight sacks
or containers, and left to ripen. The
apparatus for composting consists of a rotary
drum with charging and discharging devices,
and means for the removal of air. The aeration
conduit is axial and rotatable, and follows
the drum walls in an approximate It-shape, the
aeration aperatures being disposed in the
horizontal plane. Compost can be obtained
in 1 to 3 days. Before aeration, the waste
is treated with hot or superheated steam to
combat pathogenic bacteria and to make it
amenable to fermentation. The waste may be
treated with bacteria (e.g. Nitrobacter)
before fermentation. (Text in German)
IIMT-0293
(Westinghouse Electric Corporation). Refuse
reclamation system. Great Britain 1,174,714;
filed Apr. 29, 1968; issued Dec. 17, 1969.

This system effects the disposal of garbage
and trash bacteriologically, operating so that
it can be located within a city. After refuse
is deposited, a grinder reduces the waste to
uniformly small particles. This pulverized
material is picked up by a conveyor, where it
remains for a short time. Then the material
is again ground, and placed on a second conveyor
where it remains until the desired soil nutrient
has been formed. The moisture agent, which is
added to the refuse before the material is
pulverized, may be water or liquid organic
waste, such as sewage sludge.
INT-0292
Litzenburger, T., G. Diettrich, and K. Beisner.
(Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz A.G.). Refuse
composting tower. Germany 1,301,828; filed
Jan. 15, 1966; issued Aug. 28, 1969.

Tbis refuse-composting tower provides for once-
through downward passage of material by means
of internal air-distributing pipes. The
discharge means extends across the entire width
of the tower base, and the pipes are suspended
vertically. (Text in German)
104
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DISPOSAL

INT-0294
Seifert, K. (Alpine Aktien-Gesellschaft
Eisengiesserei und Maschinenfabrik).
Disposal equipment for refuse and other
wastes. Germany 814,431; filed Oct. 30,
1948; issued Sept. 24, 1951.

The waste is prepared through sifting,
crushing, grinding, mixing, and sorting for
biological decomposition. All parts of ttie
equipment for preparation of the refuse are
arranged on a transportable base. The equip-
ment comprises a storage bunker, a conveyor,
0293-0296
a mixing and sifting drum, and, if necessary,
a crusher. The conveyor is coupled with the
mixing and sifting drum to permit delivery of
an adequate quantity of material for every
drum speed. The drum may be made of perforated
sheet steel or wi n- mesh. The number of
revolutions of the drum is adjustable. The
sifted refuse falls into a truck at the end
of the drum and is removed for biological
treatment. The parts retained in the drum
are sifted into usable and nonusable material.
Cans, bottles, metal parts, and rags are
removed. The remainder is shredded and mixed
with the other material for biological decom-
position. (Text in German)
INT-0295
(H. Streit). Procedure for the incineration
of garbage. Switzerland 295,342; filed
Feb. 4, 1952; issued Dec. 31, 1953.

Garbage delivered by collection trucks is first
sifted with sieves of 8- to 10-mm mesh size.
After metal is removed, the coarse garbage is
introduced into a closed vessel, where it is
subjected to pressurized steam at 150 C. Hot
air then dries the garbage to a moisture content
of less than 5 percent. Both processes together
last about 1 hr. Paper and textiles can then
be removed and utilized elsewhere. The fine
garbage obtained by sifting is added to the
dried garbage, and the mixture is incinerated.
The heat content of the mixture can be as high
as 4,000 cal per kg, so no additional fuel
is necessary. Very little smoke develops.
The heat can be used to produce the steam and
hot air necessary for drying and sterilizing.
Paper and textiles may be removed before
drying, but then they will not be sterilized.
(Text in French)
INT-0296
Yano, M. (Sanki Kogyo K.K.). Incinerator
with food garbage tank fermentation. Japan
33-7,741; filed Oct. 15, 1955; issued Sept.
2, 1958.

This incinerator is also equipped with a
fermentation tank. The rectangular
incinerator and the round fermentation
tank are connected. The incinerator has
an inclined echelon grate, above a horizontal
fire grate. The mouth of the main stack,
105
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Disposal
that has a damper and leads to the chimney,
is located on a furnace above the lower grate.
A substack behind the inclined grate communi-
cates with the main stack via another
damper, thus allowing adjustment of the com-
bustion gas for the inclined grate. The
upper half of the fermentation tank is a
funnel-shaped chamber; the lower half is
divided into three small compartments, each
provided with a stirrer blade mounted on the
central rotary shaft which runs vertically
through the center of the tank. Under the
lowest compartment is another room to store
fermented garbage. An air blower connects
to a pipe that opens in the bottom of the
fermentation tank. The top cover of the
equipment serves as a work platform for
separating garbage according to moisture
content. The drier garbage is dropped into
the incinerator so that heavy, difficult-to-
burn materials are caught on the inclined
grate, while the rest falls onto the hori-
zontal grate. The portion of combustion
gases that do not exit through the main
stack pass through the inclined grate to the
substack, thus drying the garbage. The
wetter garbage is dropped into the fermentation
tank, where it is crushed, funneled into the
compartments below, and stirred to cause
fermentation, which is further accelerated
by the heated air blown in by the air pipe.
The fermented garbage drops into the storage
room below. The gas generated during
fermentation is discharged through the
exhaust pipe. The fermented garbage is
dried and used as compost. (Text in Japanese)
and the rolls. Beneath the rolls is a
screw conveyor in the apex of the V-shaped
bottom of the grinding chamber. The
conveyor forces the ground garbage through
a foraminous plate into the discharge
chamber. One end of a water spray nozzle
is connected to the top of the grinding
chamber, and the other end to a fire
hydrant or other water under pressure. A
hose connected to a sewer outlet hangs down
from the discharge chamber. As the garbage
is ground, it is sprayed, forced into the
discharge chamber, and discharged into the
sewer.
\
-II
INT-0298
Robedee, L. C. (H. M. Robedee, V. L. Rioux,
F. C. Morin, W. F. Morin, D. E. Zieminski,
and J. E. Zieminski). Waste disposal
device. Canada 598,790; filed May 29, 1959;
issued May 24, 1960.
36
t^» a
INT-0297
Veen, H. V. Garbage disposal truck.
Canada 564,852; filed Jan. 6, 1958; issued
Oct. 21, 1958.

A horizontally elongated housing encases
a grinding chamber which contains a pair
of meshed, threaded grinding rolls
attached to the partition walls. On one
side of the grinding chamber is a gear
case, and on the other, a discharge
chamber. A drive shaft connects the gears
106
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0297-0300
A waste treating and disposal unit consists
of a disposal chute, a disposal hopper at the
bottom of the chute, and a gravity-fed, dis-
integrating chemical supply reservoir elevated
above, and in communication with, the hopper.
A control mechanism between them controls the
amount of disintegrating chemical used in the
process. The hopper includes a downwardly
inclined bottom sump portion from which a
controlled outlet rises to communicate with,
and direct dissolved refuse to, a sewage
outlet. A controlled heat source is in
communication with the hopper to increase the
chemical reaction between the disintegrating
chemical and the refuse.
INT-0299
Nadamoto, M. Solid waste disposer. Japan
35-10,395; filed Nov. 12, 1957; issued Aug.
1, 1960.

A crushing device consists of a pair of
spiked, drumlike rollers fitted at the
bottom of the hopper above a belt conveyor.
Above the receiving box at the end of this
belt conveyor, are three pairs of rollers;
the first pair is toothed, the second pair
is roughly corrugated, and the third is plain.
The space between the end of the belt con-
veyor and the first pair of rollers, and
those spaces between each successive set of
rollers are bridged by a plate connection
sheet. Solid wastes are first crushed at
the bottom of the hopper before they drop
onto the belt conveyor, which carries them
to the rollers. The first set of rollers
completes the crushing process; the other
two dewater the pulverized material. The
water is collected in the receiving box until
it is removed through the discharge pipe for
use as a fermentation agent in sludge treat-
ment. The crushed and dewatered wastes are
finally incinerated. (Text in Japanese)
a
INT-0300
(The American Ship Building Company). Waste
disposal apparatus and method. Great Britain
886,585; filed Apr. 21, 1960; issued Jan. 10,
1962.

The waste disposal apparatus includes a waste
collecting chamber (including a comminuting
device), an outlet chamber, and a connecting
passage between them. A mechanism leads
from the outlet chamber to discharge effluent,
and also to provide for the normal retention
of a quantity of bacterially active sludge
containing biological digestion organisms.
A transfer device returns a portion of the
sludge in the outlet chamber to the collec-
tion chamber, in order to promote aerobic
digestion of the material. Also included are:
air supply, air diffusing, heating, and
temperature-responsive control devices.
The method of disposal includes: collecting
waste material in the collection chamber;
transferring a portion of it into a second
chamber; discharging effluent from the second
chamber; retaining in the second chamber a
body of sludge containing the biological
so
r
107
-------
Disposal
digestion organisms; returning a portion of
the sludge to the first chamber to promote
aerobic digestion of the material; aerating
the first chamber to promote aerobic digestion;
and heating the collected material in the
first chamber to promote digestion and pasteur-
ization without destroying the digestive action
of the organisms.
INT-0301
Binns, J. Process and apparatus for the
treatment of domestic refuse. Great Britain
919,955; filed Nov. 1, 1961; issued Feb.
27, 1963.

Domestic refuse is treated to produce a compost
for horticultural and agricultural use. The
refuse is first wetted, and then partially
fermented by static exposure to air. Metallic
material is removed from the mass, which is
then ground and screened. Fermentation is
then completed under controlled temperature
and moisture conditions. If necessary, prior
to the partial fermentation stage, the wet
refuse may be reduced in size by treatment
in a cutting mill. The mass will then be
more compact, to facilitate subsequent fer-
mentation stages of the process. Nitrogen-
containing substances, such as sodium nitrate
or ammonium hydroxide, may be added in aqueous
solution to assist the primary fermentation.
The refuse may also be supplemented with sewage
sludge. The equipment for this treatment
includes primary and secondary fermentation
containers. Equipment is also included to
transfer the mass from one container to the
other, while separating the metal magnetically
and electronically. Grinding and screening
devices are also provided. (See also Great
Britain 921,006, 921,007, and 1,081,810)
INT-0304
Aretz, W., and R. W. Aretz. Refuse destruc-
tion. Germany 1,173,851; filed Mar. 30,
1962; issued July 16, 1964.

This method of refuse treatment comprises
a combination of the following work stages:
heating the untreated refuse until the
organic constituents are charred or melted
at temperatures below the melting point
of the inorganic constituents; comminution
and screening of the carbonized residue;
sorting the magnetic constituents from the
first screen residue by electromagnets: and
separating the first screen residue by flota-
tion. The settled material is selectively
comminuted and classified by screening. This
is followed by postgrinding of the second
screen residue. (Text in German)
IIMT-0303
(Hazemag Hartzerkleinerungs- und Zement-
Maschinenbau-G.m.b.H.). Process and installa-
tion for treatment of household waste. France
1,430,626; filed Apr. 6, 1965; issued Mar. 4,
1966.

The processing of plastic, paper, and
textiles to compost is covered. Crude
sieved waste is submitted, after a separation
process (e.g. sieve or shaker), to heating to
400 C, at which it is dried but not burned.
After further heating and separation, the
108
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0301-0306
various elements are either conveyed to compost
or burned. Noxious gases are eliminated by
heating the effluent to 900 C. A considerable
reduction in bulk is provided. (Text in
French)
INT-0304
Kobayashi, Y. (Japan Public Sanitation
Association). Disposers for waste tin cans.
Japan 42-20,666; filed Aug. 12, 1964; issued
Oct. 14, 1967.

A disposer, which not only disposes of garbage,
but also of bulky waste cans and containers,
consists of a compressor, an incinerator, and a
hopper. After the hopper's lid is closed, the
incinerator is lighted and slipped into the box.
After combustion, the grid at the bottom is
shaken to remove the ash. The gas is emitted
from a funnel. The motor of the compressor is
then started. The shaking of the grid con-
tinues; the cans, which were sintered, are drawn
to the rollers by magnetic claws. Since they
are sintered, it is easy to compress them.
Thus, the waste's bulk is markedly decreased.
Because of the magnetic claws, the rollers
can be small, and the disposer itself can be
compact, enabling easy transportation. The
combustion grid is slanted, and the angle can
be freely adjusted. The other grid, which
pushes the cans, etc., into the rollers, can
also be easily adjusted. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0305
Reid, J. S. (Standard Products Company).
Waste disposal system. Great Britain
1,139,277; filed Sept. 19, 1967; issued
Jan. 1, 1969.

A waste disposal system for use in a motor
vehicle has a toilet connected to a tank for
receiving human wastes, and a flushing source
which carries the waste material to the tank.
Anaerobic bacteriological action takes place
in the tank, and converts the waste material
into a fluid state. A conduit delivers the
fluid from the waste tank to a container,
which is heated by an electric heating element
or a gas burner. Most of the liquid is
vaporized and discharged to the atmosphere.
INT-0306
(Dano Ingeniorforretning og Maskinfabrik

Ingenior Kaj Petersen's Fond). Rotary drum
for mixing, crushing, or composting refuse.
Germany 1,297,120; filed Feb. 23, 1963;
issued June 12, 1969.

A rotary drum mixer/crusher/composter for
refuse which clogs or sticks is charged at
109
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Disposal
one end and discharged at the other. Shallow
ribs inside the drum casing, parallel to the
axis and vertical to the casing, are spaced
so a troughed and solid protective layer of
clogged or sticky refuse forms between them.
(Text in German)
INT-0307
Myagkov, M. I., N. A. Shirokov, S. D.
Shemyakin, and I. A. Smirnov (Mechanical
Engineering Research Institute). Installation
for processing of domestic refuse. U.S.S.R.
247,445; filed Aug. 11, 1967; issued July 4,
1969.

This installation provides for the separation,
comminution, and blothermal treatment of
domestic refuse. The crushed refuse is pre-
heated and comminuted. In operation, the
arriving refuse is discharged into an input
hopper, then transported on a slat conveyor
to a conveyor belt, passing under a magnetic
separator for removal of its ferromagnetic
constituents. It then enters, through a feed-
ing valve, into a pneumatic conduit. Pieces of
refuse whose weight exceeds their positive
lift in that stream (such as stones, glass
fragments and bones), drop into a hammermill,
where they are crushed, and then transported
into a comminution chamber. Pieces whose
weight is less than their lift are carried up
into a cyclone and fed into a worm crusher.
The crusher output drops onto serrated
cylinders which shred its fibrous constituents.
It then is transported, by pneumatic conduit,
to another comminution chamber. The air-refuse
mixture moving in this conduit is preheated,
and, therefore, accelerated as well, in
passing through a combustion chamber whose heat
output is controlled to maintain the tempera-
ture of the refuse at 55 to 60 C. The mixture
enters the comminution chamber through two
mutually opposed inlet nozzles, in which the
two branches of the split conduit terminate.
The two opposing jets of the air-refuse mix-
ture impinge into each other, pulverizing the
solid constituents of the mixture. This also
occurs in the other chamber, and output from
both chambers is again transferred for bio-
thermal treatment. (Text in Russian)
INT-0308
Kawada, T. (Kawada Kogyo K.K.) Garbage
disposal method. Japan 44-23,302; filed July
6, 1966; issued Oct. 3, 1969.

To prevent air pollution in urban areas, the
garbage is not burned, but after dehydrating
and crushing, it is conditioned so that it
will not putrefy, cut into even sizes, and
wrapped in synthetic resin film for use as
reclamation material. The garbage is shaken
to remove sand and earth. It is then sifted
by blower into heavier kitchen garbage con-
taining water, and lighter material containing
scraps of paper, etc. At the same time lumps
of tile, gravel, broken bottles, and similar
materials are eliminated. Next, a magnetic
selector eliminates metal pieces. Then the
heavier garbage is subjected to a crushing
roller, and dehydrated. Lighter garbage is
burned. The waste water, which results from
dehydration, is heated to sterilize it. The
crushed garbage is cut to suitable size,
tightly wrapped in synthetic resin film, and
ff
110
-------
then disposed. There is no danger of breeding
flies, and the garbage can be transported to
the reclamation site sanitarily. The waste
water, after heating in the boiler, is dis-
charged into a river with no danger of
polluting the water. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0309
Yoshida, Y. Garbage disposal method.
Japan 44-23,303; filed July 9, 1966; issued
Oct. 3, 1969.

In this method, wastes are placed in water to
separate the nonflammables from the inflammables.
The inflammables float, and can be collected.
They are then pressed, dehydrated, and made
into a suitably shaped solid. Treatment by
vacuum incineration and burning follows.
Incineration of these blocks requires little
0307-0310

fuel and time. The nonflammables, such as
cans, bottles, etc., are removed from the tank
by a belt conveyor. Some of the materials can
be reutilized after recovery processing.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0310
Jackson, S. M., and E. L. Carnes. Refuse
disposal apparatus. Great Britain 1,167,172;
filed Sept. 5, 1966; issued Oct. 15, 1969.

This apparatus is intended for handling
trash, as distinguished from garbage. The
trash, after initial compaction, is maintained
under continuous pressure until it is disposed
of in tightly compacted form. The apparatus is
constructed and arranged to move along the
ground at the site where the refuse is to
be deposited, and it includes trenching devices,
adjacent to its forward end, for forming a
continuous trench along the ground in which
compacted trash from the apparatus will be
continuously deposited, as the apparatus moves
forward. The apparatus may be so arranged
that the earth removed by the trenching apparatus
is conveyed, within or upon the apparatus, to a
more rearward portion, where it is continuously
deposited in the trench directly upon the com-
pacted material. The refuse is immediately
covered and is not exposed at any time.
The apparatus comprises a wheeled vehicle
including trenching devices, a chamber or
charging box, a ram in the chamber for
compacting the refuse, a second ram in a
second chamber to shear the compacted refuse,
a third ram in a third chamber to further
compact the refuse, and a fourth ram in a
fourth chamber to again compact the refuse
and discharge it into a trench.
111
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Hazardous Wastes
INT-0311
Venison, D. M. (Matthew Hall and Company,
Ltd.). Disposal of household refuse.
Australia 294,939; filed Mar. 19, 1964;
issued Oct. 15, 1969.

Refuse, in a collecting pit or chamber which
forms part of the household drainage system,
is collected by periodically transferring it
to a mobile disposal tank. The refuse is
subjected to filtration inside the tank in
order to separate the solid matter from the
liquid. The separated liquid from the mobile
disposal tank is discharged into a static
liquid-receiving tank. The tank is in communi-
cation with a sewage system and is adapted to
be connected to a vacuum source. In operation,
on placing the liquid-receiving tank under
vacuum, refuse can be transferred from the
collecting pit to the mobile disposal tank,
and the solids can be extracted from the refuse
without interrupting the discharge of liquid.
HAZARDOUS WASTES

INT-0312
Gant, P. L., D. A. Spock, and J. D. Sudbury
(Continental Oil Company). Method of fixing
atomic wastes for disposal. Australia 237,098;
filed Nov. 30, 1959; issued Jan. 24, 1962.

A method of fixing radioactive wastes for
disposal comprises first recovering the
fissionable elements, then adding natural
clay, lime, and caustic to the resulting
waste fluids. The preferred amount of
natural clay added is 25 to 45 percent based
on the weight of the total mixture. Lime
was found to be most efficient in
concentrations of 2 to 30 percent based on the
weight of the waste fluids. A caustic solution
of about 50 to 75 percent of any commercial
grade of basic metal hydroxide is added until
the pH is within the range of 10 to 13. At
this pH range, treated radioactive waste may
be solidified at temperatures as low as
approximately 20 C. The treated fluid is
pumped into a subterranean formation,
preferably lower than 50 ft, and below
the water table. (See also Australia 247,046)

INT-0313
Reynolds, J. J., and D. A. Shock (Continental
Oil Company), Underground disposal of
radioactive liquids or slurries. Canada
650,443; filed Aug. 18, 1959; issued Oct. 16,
1962.

A method of subterranean disposal of radioactive
waste involves providing a wellbore having a
casing which penetrates an impermeable rock
formation. Sealing between the casing and the
impermeable rock formation provides a sealed
zone. This zone is fractured through to give
at least one fracture which extends into the
formation at an angle with respect to the axis
of the wellbore. Radioactive waste from a
nuclear reactor is treated to recover
fission,able elements, and then the resulting
waste is injected into the fracture. The
fracture must be at a depth sufficient to
provide shielding at the surface from the
-------
0311-0316
most active fraction of the wastes, and must
be confined within the permeable rock
formation. A sealing material is injected into
the fracture to seal the radioactive waste
in the formation. (See also Australia 247,046)

INT-0314
Michaelis, 0. (Michaelis Industrieofenbau
Kommanditgesellschaft). Incinerator. Germany
1,162,504; filed Oct. 29, 1959; issued Feb. 6,
1964.

An incinerator for hospital wastes and
radioactive wastes comprises a shaft furnace
whose combustion chamber consists of a
polygonal or cylindrical insert, and is closed
at top and bottom by a withdrawable, heat-
insulating cover or bottom. Underneath the
combustion chamber, which is screened against
radiation, there is a pit, also screened
against radioactive radiation, and provided
with a conveyor band for moving continuously
underneath the discharge funnel of the shaft
furnace. (Text in German)

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Incineration
IIMT-0317
(Societe Europeenne Pour le Traitement Chimique
des Combustibles Irradles Eurochetnlc). A
process for solidifying radioactive wastes.
Great Britain 1,116,319; filed Nov. 18, 1966;
issued June 6, 1968.

This process is utilized for solidifying
radioactive wastes containing water-soluble
fluoride, water-soluble sulfate, or both.
At least one liquid waste is mixed with
sufficient lime to neutralize the free
sulfuric acid and/or precipitate the free
fluoride. The water present in the product
is subjected to evaporation to provide a
paste, which is hardened to a block, and is
then enclosed in a watertight cover. This
method can be applied to almost all
radioactive compounds.
INCINERATION
INT-0318
(L. von Roll Aktiengesellschaft fuer
kommunale Anlagen). Equipment for wet slag
tap-off in rubbish incinerators.
Switzerland 241,610; filed Oct. 27, 1943;
issued Mar. 31, 1946.

Slag from rubbish incinerators contains high
amounts of material such as dust and pieces
of iron, cans, and wire. To help avoid
penetration of such components into the
links of the slag tap-off chain belt, the
chain conveyor consists of links bifurcated
on one side and rounded on the other. The
rounded end is closely fitted into the
bifurcated end of the following link so
that no foreign parts are allowed to enter.
At least one pair of adjustable plow-shaped
guide pieces is installed to prevent the
chain from lifting out of the groove.
Crossbars connect the two parallel chains
of the slag conveyor at intervals. (Text
in German)
IIMT-0319
Griffiths, D. A. C. A combined refuse bin and
incinerator. Great Britain 577,412; filed June
5, 1944; issued May 16, 1946.

A combined refuse bin and incinerator is useful
in the disposal of kitchen or garden refuse,
which, by its use, can be converted into a
valuable fertilizer. The device consists of a
container in which a firebox is secured. The
firebox has large openings in its roof and
floor. The floor is provided with firebars or
a perforated bottom plate. There is an ashbox
under the firebox. The ashbox has in its
roof a large opening registering with the lower
opening of the firebox. Each of the boxes
has in its wall an opening adapted to be
closed by a hinged or other door in the
container casing. In the upper part of
the container is a larger receptacle or refuse
pan adapted to be lifted out of the container,
and having a perforated bottom. The device is
preferably of cylindrical shape, covered by a
domed lid comprising a valve to open and close
a vent.
b*
114
-------
0317-0322
INT-0320
Nichols, C. W. (Nichols Engineering and
Research Corporation). Apparatus and method
for drying and incinerating waste materials.
Canada 442,766; filed May 5, 1944; issued
July 8, 1947.

An incinerating apparatus comprises a furnace
chamber whose central floor area comprises a
stationary hearth surrounded by a grate. A
device rotates about a vertical axis through
the mid-portion of the hearth and agitates
the material on the hearth, advancing it
onto the grate area. A rotatable vertical
hollow shaft opens into the upper part of
the chamber for introducing the material.
One or more horizontal hearths surround the
shaft. The top of the furnace is formed
with another opening for admitting more
material onto the hearths. Rabbling devices
advance the material over the hearths. The
method of drying and incinerating sewage sludge
and conjointly burning other municipal waste
calls for maintaining a pile of the waste in
the furnace chamber. The material is slowly
advanced outward, while supplies of air are
introduced into the interior of the pile. The
peripheral portions are burned, while the middle
portions are dried and burned. The hot gaseous
products of combustion dry the continuous supply
of the sludge. The pile is replenished by
additions of the waste and dried sludge to the
central region of the pile. (See also Australia
200,447)
INT-0321
(Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri and Company).
Methods and plants for the utilisation of refuse.
Great Britain 595,947; filed July 10, 1945;
issued Dec. 23, 1947.
The method is characterized by the fact that
the refuse is used to produce hot-pressure gas
to operate a gas turbine plate with compressed
air and power generators. The compressed air
is taken from the plant for combustion of
the refuse. Refuse is dried by exhaust and gas
from a gas turbine. Pressure in shaft furnaces
is maintained by a compressor which draws in
atmospheric air to supply primary and secondary
air to the furnaces. The residual mechanical
power to drive the compressor is converted into
electrical power by a generator.
INT-0322
Duerr, H. 0. Method and apparatus for
incinerating municipal waste. Canada
457,593; filed Dec. 10, 1946; issued June
28, 1949.

An apparatus for incinerating municipal waste
comprises an inclined rotary incinerating kiln,
115
-------
Incineration
with its higher end communicating with a
secondary combustion chamber. The waste to be
incinerated is fed into a shredder, where the
air-buoyant portion of the shredded material
is conducted, along with the air supply, into
the lower end of the kiln. Nonbuoyant
material is fed into the higher end of the
kiln. An enclosed ash conveying system
is connected to the lower end, and a water spray
device in a third chamber purifies the waste
gases. This system requires no manual labor in
feeding waste into or removing products of
combustion from the incinerating zone. No dirt,
dust, or other air pollutants are released to
the atmosphere.
INT-0323
Langlois, C. Outdoor incinerator with natural
circulation. Canada 462,960; filed Dec. 8,
1948; issued Feb. 7, 1950.

An incinerator has a combustion chamber whose
walls have canals communicating with the outside
air, which circulates through the canals to cool
the incinerator. The canals do not communicate
with the combustion chamber. The upper part
of the chamber has a loading door, enabling the
material to be incinerated to be loaded
directly into the chamber. The door is
protected from fire by a lining of reinforced
refractory concrete supported by structural
pieces. It is protected from the exterior
by a metal plate. The rest of the upper
part of the combustion chamber is similarly
made of reinforced refractory concrete,
and protected by a metal plate. It forms the
base of the chimney. The combustion chamber has,
in its bottom, an immovable grate inclined at an
angle of 5 to 30 degrees to facilitate residue
removal. (Text in French)
INT-0324
Wareham, R. C. (Heenan and Froude Limited).
Improvements relating to refuse destructor
furnaces. Great Britain 663,402; filed Mar. 11
1949; issued Dec. 19, 1951.

An improved method for the removal of clinkers
from sliding incinerator grates is provided
by rapidly cooling the clinker with sprays of
water or other coolants after its discharge
from the grate into the Deceiving chamber.
116
-------
The clinker is scraped off the grate by a
scraper and fixed within the combustion
chamber, after which it falls via a chute
into a cart, which is moved on rails to bring
it into position to receive the clinker.
Coolant is sprayed onto the discharged
clinker from valve-controlled nozzles, fed
by a common-supply line. Ducts in the floor
of the clinker chambers collect and drain
off the residual coolant.
1NT-0325
Dehn, S. G. Traveling grate incinerator for
city refuse and the like. Great Britain
667,572; filed June 30, 1949; issued Mar. 5,
1952.
0323-0326
The furnace is an elongated, massive structure,
with reinforced fireproof walls and ceiling,
and built to house a series of five
horizontally disposed stepped, power-driven,
endless traveling chain grates. The garbage,
which is introduced through a feed pipe, is
progressively advanced on the grates through
the furnace until it is discharged as ash
and clinker, from the last of the grates.
Heat is provided by gas or oil burners
adjacent to the last grate. Each grate
traverses a series of stepped, individual
combustion chambers, and thus constitutes a
continuous combustion space. Air combustion
is supplied by a regulated blower motor
through an air trench, which feeds into a
vent beneath each grate. Smoke becomes
progressively less dense as it traverses the
grates and, together with steam and gases
from the garbage, is directed towards a main
exhaust stack. Remaining gases pass through
a scrubbing tank. Even distribution of
garbage on the grates is done by a unique
spreading device. Bulky lumps are disintegrated
by a lump breaker. The incinerator is
virtually smokeless and odorless.
INT-0326
Toepel, F. C. Garbage disposal unit. Canada
491,980; filed Aug. 8, 1949; issued Apr. 14,
1953.

This garbage incinerator coasists of a circular
domed primary combustion chamber whose walls
join with a central conical pillar to provide
an annular combustion chamber. Tangentially-
directed air jets produce a swirling action
within the primary combustion chamber.
Concentric to and spaced around the primary
chamber is a shield which forms a secondary
combustion chamber. Air openings around the
base of the shield supply air to the secondary
chamber. Air intakes in the wall of the
shield and above the dome of the primary
combustion chamber furnish preheated air to
the primary chamber; discharge openings
direct this air to the refuse. A chute,
which is adapted to regulate the flow of
refuse, leads from a hopper, through the
shield, into the primary chamber. This unit
is constructed so as to provide maximum
efficiency in the rapid destruction of
materials by combustion. The maximum of
volatile gases is generated from the
refuse, and these gases are continuously
circulated around the annular chamber until
they are consumed. The process proceeds in a
minimum of time, requires a minimum of space,
117
-------
Incineration
and does not require the usual stacks or
chimneys.
INT-0327
Hommon, H. B. Garbage incinerator with
associated drying hearth. Canada 493,295; filed
Apr. 22, 1950; issued June 2, 1953.

A drying hearth for garbage incinerators
includes a base, a transverse fire wall at
the front, and several longitudinal vertical
walls extending backward from the firewall
and defining longitudinal flow channels which
open at the rear between them. Openings in
the longitudinal walls adjacent to and to
the rear of the firewall provide a
transverse outlet flue. A hearth of thin
material having a high thermal conductivity
is supported on the walls and extends from the
crest of the firewall upward and backward over
the transverse flue outlet, and over part of the
longitudinal flow channels. As garbage passes
downward and forward on the hearth and over the
firewall, hot combustion gases flow from the
firewall upward and backward over the garbage
and onto the hearth, in the open rear ends
of the flow channels, and through the channels
to the transverse outlet flue. While they are
in the channels, the gases transfer heat to
the hearth, and thus to the garbage. In this
way, the garbage is dried and partially burned
from above and below.

INT-0328
(Babcock and Wilcox Limited). Improvements in
or relating to vapour generators. Australia
152,382; filed Dec. 6, 1951; issued July 16,
1953.

The vapor generator is comprised of a vertically
extending furnace chamber and a vapor generating
section which is arranged to receive heating
gases from an upper region of the furnace
chamber. Vertically extending vapor generating
tubes line the peripheral walls of the furnace
chamber, a lower portion of which is divided
into a number of refuse burning cells.
Separating adjacent cells is a chamber
arranged to receive combustion air and to
supply air to the cells. The rows of tubes
lining the faces of the refractory walls
extend upward, in spaced relation, from the
118
-------
0327-0331
bottom of the furnace chamber, and converge
at the top of the combustion-air chamber.
Air supply to the burning cells can be
controlled by the air supply ports. One of
the furnace walls is formed as an arch, and
means are provided for delivering combustible
refuse through the arch to the respective cells.
INT0329
DeCarie, F. 0. Incinerator. Canada 494,553;
filed June 20, 1949; issued July 21, 1953.

This incinerator includes superimposed groups
of movable, air-cooled grates. Vertically
spaced pairs of horizontal pipes extend
transversely through the body portion. The
pipes have openings, around which are clamped
hollow grate bars. These grates form the
bottoms of the storage chambers in which the
refuse under treatment is contained. The
firing grates are adjacent to the bottom of
the main chamber, so that refuse stored in
the chambers is held in direct line with the
fire and products of combustion as they pass
upward toward the flue. As the refuse
progresses from each grate to the adjacent
lower grate, it becomes dried and partially
burned. By the time it reaches the firing
grates, it burns readily and rapidly.
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Incineration
is a scraper chain provided below the gas
generator which supports the contents of the
vertical shaft and continuously removes the
clinker produced.
IIMT-0332
(Kernerator and Wall Bed Company of Australasia
'Proprietary' Limited). Improvements in
incinerators for the disposal of garbage or the
like. Australia 164,464; filed Sept. 30, 1953;
issued Aug. 4, 1955.

An incinerator for domestic purposes is
constructed in a series of casing or body units
which are fitted and fastened together to
enclose the incinerator chamber. The hollow
top unit contains an air box with inlets, and a
series of air jets. A feed opening is in the
upper portion. An air torch assembly is
below the feed door. An ash door is in the
lower portion, and a dumping grate is mounted
within the chamber. An outlet flue is
provided at a suitable location. The body
units are of a hollow, box-like form, with a
series of ribs on the interior about the
incinerator chamber, and with firebricks
fitted within the cavities formed between
the ribs. The meeting edges of the units
are shaped to nest together.
Q
IIMT-0333
(Avon Metal Industries Limited). An improved
destructor for waste material having time switch
mechanism. Australia 166,055; filed June 12,
1953; issued Nov. 18, 1955.

Destructors of waste material have a
time switch mechanism adapted to allow control
over the supply of electricity to the element,
and to allow heating of the element for a
predetermined length of time. The mechanism
consists of a mercury switch, which is
controlled by a time dial and which is
rotatable by means of an electric motor
included in the circuit of the resistance
element. The mercury switch operates to
close the circuit and set the motor and time
dial in motion. The time dial moves the
mercury switch during a predetermined period,
to a position in which the mercury switch can
be operated to open the circuit. A switch
lever operates the time mechanism. The
opening of the flap, which covers the
entrance to the destructor, moves a pivot
arm, which, in turn, moves the switch lever.
Fixed stops limit the movement of the pivot
arm.
29 M
INT-0334
Wagner, H. L. (Detroit Stoker Company). Refuse
feeding device for furnaces. Canada 520,282;
filed Dec. 12, 1951; issued Jan. 3, 1956.

A device for metering and feeding refuse fuel
and the like into a furnace uses a variable
speed conveyor. The conveyor carries fuel
from a delivery chute, which is inclined
with respect to the conveyor, to a gravity
spout or hopper. A feed roll, having a
number of fingers travelling faster than the
conveyor, delivers a portion of the fuel from the
conveyor into the gravity spout or hopper. From
the gravity spout or hopper, the fuel is fed into
a variable speed rotary spreader-stoker which
is mounted at a feed opening of the furnace
below the gravity spout or hopper. The fuel
drops onto spinning rotor blades which throw
it into the combustion chamber. Air jets
spread the fuel particles uniformly over the
120
-------
0332-0336
grate area so that the fuel is burned uniformly
over the entire grate.
directed toward the feed ledge. The a.sh
pit discharges into a curved trough which
filled with water and provided with a
reciprocating ash-removing piston.
INT-0335
Martin, J. A method and apparatus for the
incineration of domestic refuse. Australia
167,178; filed Feb. 4, 1954; issued Mar. 7,
1956.

Refuse is fed at intervals into the region of
the furnace where the most intense heat
production takes place, by means of an
inclined chute, the bottom of which is
equipped with a reciprocating device with
an adjustable stroke. A reciprocating
stepped grate works toward the feeding end of
the furnace being used. Additional burners
are directed toward the refuse to start up
combustion. A dust-free discharge of all
residues of combustion is effected. The
apparatus comprise a reciprocating stepped
grate with steps working upward toward the
feeding end which acts as a carrier for a
layer of combustible refuse in a furnace.
This is fed with hot air and provided with
water-cooled sidewalls. The furnace is
equipped with an inclined suspended arch
arranged above the rear part of the grate,
the arch extending towards the ledge over
which the incoming refuse falls. The front
part of the arch curves upwards and lines
up with the rear wall of the combustion
chamber of the furnace where the chamber
enlarges to its highest point, and is
provided with jet nozzles. Below the
suspension arch, additional burners are
INT-0336
Frankel, J. I. (Nichols Engineering and
Research Corporation). Incinerators. Canada
523,498; filed May 10, 1951; issued Apr. 3,
1956.

An incinerator comprises an ignition chamber in
the bottom of a hollow structure. A hearth, in
which there are a number of perforations rests
on the floor of the chamber. Air is introduced
into the pile of trash supported on the
hearth. A combustion chamber is above the
ignition chamber; it is larger than the
-------
Incineration
ignition chamber. These two chambers are in
communication via a passage equal in area to
the cross sectional area of the ignition
chamber. Refractory material lines the
chambers. A baffle element is mounted midway
in the combustion chamber, and it has an orifice
in it through which upwardly flowing gases
pass. A second baffle element is mounted
above the orifice and has an underfurnace
which is spaced from the first baffle, and
an upstanding stack in communication with
and above the combustion chamber. The
ignition chamber, combustion chamber, and
stack are thus superimposed one upon the
other, and, in operation, are so constructed
and arranged that the highest negative
manometer pressure occurs slightly above the
hearth. The negative manometer pressure
decreases numerically toward the top
extremity of the stack, where it reaches zero.
Thus the superimposed ignition chamber and
combustion chamber coact with the stack as
draft-producing elements, enabling the use
of a relatively low stack. The baffle
elements also accomplish a delay of the
flow of gases through the combustion chamber
to insure complete combustion.
INT-0337
Herbert, J. W. (Calcinator Corporation).
Refuse incinerator. Canada 525,013; filed
Apr. 2, 1952; issued May 15, 1956.

A refuse incinerator comprises an upright
housing having front, rear, side, and top
walls, and an inner casing supported within
the housing. The inner casing is spaced from
the housing in such a way as to create an
insulating and air-conducting chamber. The
top wall of the housing has a charging
opening aligned with a charging opening
in the casing. A door frame, supported by
the housing and extending through the
charging opening in the housing, provides a
charging passage to the casing. The door
frame is formed with laterally spaced openings,
which connect the air chamber and the charging
passage, so that air may be transmitted from
the chamber to the casing. An outward-swinging
charging door normally closes the opening in
the housing. The swing of the door is
limited by a U-shaped door stop hinged to the
door. Its legs extend through the laterally
aligned openings in the frame, so that the
intermediate portion of the stop can be
brought into bearing engagement with the
frame when the door has been swung outwardly
a predetermined distance. (See also Canada
473,018)
INT-0338
Friedberg, H., and J. A. Morse (Waste King
Corporation). Incinerator. Canada 538,208;
filed Oct. 23, 1953; issued Mar. 12, 1957.

An incinerator comprises an enclosed, vented
combustion chamber adapted to receive refuse to
be incinerated, and a gas burner having a flame
end which extends into a flame shield within
the chamber. The flame shield includes air
intake devices, a flue at its top, and otherwise
imperforate walls. Maximum fuel efficiency is
assured at all times, and incineration time is
reduced by more than 30 percent over conven-
tional gas-fired incinerators. The burner may
be readily removed for cleaning, repair, or
replacement without disturbing the remainder
of the structure.
122
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0337-0341
INT-0339
Kuichi, T. Garbage incinerator. Japan 32-10,090;
filed July 25, 1955; issued Dec. 3, 1957.

This incinerator assures efficient incineration
of trash, garbage, or similar wastes without
the use of auxiliary fuels such as coal or
heavy oil. A stairway-like iron fire grate
assembly runs aslant downward from the central
feed-in port. A horizontal fire grate is con-
nected to the end of the first grate. An
assembly of arched iron plates, lined with a
number of radiation plates, parallels the stair-
way grate assembly from above, thus forming the
combustion chamber. The open space between
the end of the arched iron-plate assembly and
the inner wall of the furnace leads to the
smokestack. At the base of the arched iron-plate
assembly is an adjustable gas outlet directly
connecting the combustion chamber with the
stack. The ash discharge/air intake port is
located below the feed-in port. Garbage on the
horizontal grate burns first; that on the
stairway grates burns in sequence from the
bottom to the top. The stairway grates allow
greater aeration and therefore more effective
combustion; the arched-plate assembly radiates
heat to dry the garbage. When the gas outlet
is opened, water vapor ascends through the
outlet directly from the combustion chamber to
the stack. In the stack, heat causes the vapor
to expand and the suction action of the stack
is accelerated. (Text in Japanese)
column are two rostrums, each made up of
several parallel water pipes. Auxiliary rostrums
are slanted against each side of the column,
above the main rostrum. All the rostrum or
grate pipes are connected to the main circula-
tion water pipe leading to the water tank,
installed in the waste heat utilization chamber
provided outside of the combustion chamber. The
INT-0340
Yamamoto, D. Incinerator equipped with device
to reclaim waste heat. Japan 32-10,091; filed
Aug. 24, 1955; issued Dec. 3, 1957.

This incinerator both effectively incinerates
solid wastes and utilizes the heat generated
by incineration for water heating. At the
center of the combustion chamber is a hollow
dryer column that has holes on the upper side-
walls. On both sides of the lower part of the
furnace has an outer wall which has a few air
intake ports directly connecting with the combustion
chamber, and an inner wall which has a few openings
to allow direct communication between the hollow
inside of the furnace and the combustion chamber.
On the upper part of the rear wall of the furnace
is the smoke suction port, which also is connected
to the waste heat utilization chamber by means of
s. stack. The combustion gas and smoke enter both
the dryer column and sidewalls, and ascend through
the hollow interiors back into the combustion
chamber, from which they go into the smoke suction
port and the stack. During this flow of the hot
gas, water in the rostrum water pipes is heated,
wastes in the combustion chamber are effectively
dried from all sides, and water in a tank in the
waste heat utilization chamber is also heated.
(Text in Japanese)

INT-0341
Nicholls, A. N. (A. N. Nicholls and E. 0. A.
Nicholls). An improved incinerator. Australia
212,100; filed Jan. 12, 1955; issued Jan. 8,
1958.

This incinerator comprises a chamber with walls,
a floor, and a closed top. Burning takes place
in the chamber on a grate which is raised from
123
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Incineration
the floor. A door above the grate gives access
to it. A chimney in the top of the chamber
allows the gases of combustion to leave the
chamber; an air inlet allows the entry of com-
bustion air. A basket grate, formed by special
arrangement of the bottom grate member and a
raised frame, improves combustion and protects
the chamber. A guarded ash pit provides pro-
tection against fire when the incinerator is
in use.
INT-0342
Mallows, J. A. Refuse burning furnace. Great
Britain 802,849; filed Nov. 9, 1956; issued Oct.
15, 1958.

The furnace combustion chamber for burning
refuse comprises a front wall, a bridge wall, an
escape flue for the combustion gases , and a
grate sloping angularly downward from the
bridge wall, toward the front wall. The opening
for receiving refuse is situated at the top
over the grate, which features grate bars
mounted at their forward edges on horizontally
disposed pivots. Means are provided for tilting
the rear edges of the pivotally mounted grate
bars, in order to feed burning refuse forward.
These bars alternate with stationary grate bars.
Means are provided on the bridge wall to allow
for expansion and contraction of the grate.
The furnace is constructed in sections so it
can be easily installed.
124
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0342-0344
INT-0343
Hales, L. M. An incinerator.
219,596; filed Aug. 13, 1956;
1958.
Australia
issued Dec.
interior of the sidewall to the bottom of it,
and connects to the combustion chamber.
5,
This incinerator has four flat, steel sidewalls
enclosing a combustion chamber. A flue pipe
extends upward from the domed top of the chamber.
A hinged door is arranged above the loading
opening at one side of the top. An air inlet
opening extends along the top of one sidewall
below the door, and leads to a downdraft
passage. This passage extends across the
INT-0344
Streit, H. Process for continuous drying of
garbage for incineration and installations for
its realization. Switzerland 334,562; filed
Mar. 18, 1957; issued Dec. 15, 1958.

If the energy produced from the incineration of
refuse is to be utilized, it is desirable to
be able to adjust the rate of incineration to
the energy demand. It must therefore be
possible to store municipal waste in bunkers.
To accomplish this, garbage is dried and
sterilized in a rotating, horizontal drum
through which the hot stack gas from the
incinerator is routed. After passing a metal-
collecting device, garbage enters a cyclone
which separates gas from solids. The solids
are then pressed into bricks. Typical oper-
ating temperatures of the drier are 600 to
800 C at the beginning, and 120 to 140 C at the
end. Only about 25 percent of the municipal
waste must be incinerated to effectively dry
the other 15 percent.
125
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Incineration
INT-0345
Kishimoto, K. Incinerator. Japanese 34-2742;
filed Mar. 5, 1954; issued Apr. 20, 1959.

This newly designed incinerator features a
grate arrangement which permits easy removal
of ash and noncombustibles. The incinerator,
which is shaped like a rectangular box, has a
feed-in port in the top side, an ash-discharge
port in the lower front, and a fire hole above
the ash discharge port. Both the feed-in port
and the fire hole are provided with lids,
which are closed during combustion. Between
the partition wall and the rear wall is a
vertical stack that connects to the chimney
via a horizontal stack. An inclined fire
grate is mounted to bridge the top of the
partition wall and the rear wall of the fur-
nace, thus preventing garbage from falling into
the vertical stack. A vertical grate, or
bar screen, is built into the middle part of
the partition wall. The lower edge of the fire
hole is higher than the counterpart of the bar
screen hole provided in the partition wall.
A few crossbars are installed parallel to the
front and rear walls. Several forwardly
inclined short bars are fitted at right angles
to each crossbar. The entire, ladderlike
grate assembly is inclined backward.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0346
Naulin, M. Incinerator wall construction.
Canada 580,594; filed Apr. 16, 1957; issued Aug.
4, 1959.

This incinerator may be assembled onsite from
lightweight, sturdy, prefabricated wall sec-
tions. There is a rectangular, sheet metal
outer wall, and an inner refractory liner of
cementitious material, anchored to the outer
wall. Each section of the outer wall has a
flange with an outwardly projecting tongue,
bent laterally outward and back on itself, to
define a slot in which the flange on an adjacent
section may be placed. The refractory liner
may be made entirely from any cementitious
aggregate; it is preferable however, to include
a vermiculite in a mixture with some other
aggregate. The outer wall is preferably cut
from standard metal roof decking. A basic wall
section for a 75- to 100-lb-per-hr incinerator
rfould measure 12 by 41^5 in. , and with the
refractory liner, it would weigh 60 Ib.
23"
INT-0347
Ludin, W. (L. von Roll A.G.). Furnace for
incineration of low-grade fuel, such as domestic
rubbish. Switzerland 336,151; filed Feb. 15,
1959; issued Nov. 11, 1959.

This incinerator contains a structure of hollow
elements in which a cooling agent circulates.
The structure has fasteners for holding fireproof
r-/
•£>- — -c»
126
-------
0345-0349
stones. Rubbish falls through the vertical
inlet shaft onto the step grate where drying
takes place. Then the rubbish is transported
slowly into the slag shaft where combustion
occurs. Slag is removed by a scraper and a
conveyor. The relatively heavy fly ash falls
into an ash bin. The furnace is covered by a
sheet steel jacket. All the incinerator parts
are prefabricated and can be put together in a
short time. (Text in German)
INT-0348
Naulin, M. A. Incinerator. Canada 593,215;
filed Apr. 16, 1957; issued Feb. 23, 1960.

An incinerator includes front, back, side, top,
and bottom walls defining an enclosure. An
upright partition wall, parallel to the front
and back walls, divides the enclosure into a
combustion chamber at the front and an expansion
chamber at the rear. A grate is located in
the lower portion of the combustion chamber.
Refuse is deposited through a charging door in
the top wall above the grate. A drop wall,
having its top edge contiguous with the top
wall and its bottom edge below the top of the
partition wall, is supported by opposite hori-
zontal ledges on the sidewalls. As combustion
gases pass the combustion chamber, they flow
downward along the rear of the partition wall
to the bottom of the expansion chamber. A
combustion gas outlet is located near the top
of the expansion chamber.
INT-0349
Colton, F. R. (J. S. Wright and Company, Ltd.).
Improvements in or relating to incinerators.
Great Britain 829,465; filed Sept. 15, 1958;
issued Mar. 2, 1960.

A square, metal screen grid is horizontally
mounted in a frame set upon feet which serve
to hold the grid in a raised position. A
vertical metal pipe passes through an opening
in the screen and is driven into the ground.
The lower portion of the pipe is provided with
a series of rectangular openings which provide
for aeration of refuse. The material for
incineration is piled upon the screen grid
around the pipe. An alternate base structure
is comprised of two metal strips joined at
their centers with a device for supporting the
chimney.
127
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Incineration
INT-0350
Peterson, R. M., P. W. Spencer, G. R. Peterson,
and B. F. McLouth (Burn-Zol Company). Incin-
erator. Canada 602,139; filed Nov. 12, 1958;
issued July 19, 1960.

An incinerator, comprising a fire pot with a
smoke and gas outlet in the upper portion, is
on one side of a building wall. It has a feed
opening accessible from the other side of the
wall. A feed passage connects the fire pot,
a fire door, and the access door. The feed
door is vertically mounted in the feed passage,
and can alternately open and close the air
inlet and feed passage to supply air to the
fire pot. Restricted spaces around the doors
permit continuous, limited air flow around
the doors and through the passage. Thus, the
access door is maintained at a temperature
cool enough to permit manual handling. A
swingable cleanout door is mounted in the
lower portion of the incinerator and is
accessible from the outside.
be admitted to the chamber. The only channel
for admitting air into the chamber is adjacent
to the top of the chamber. A secondary com-
bustion chamber extends vertically through
the primary combustion chamber- The lower end
2O
15

of the secondary chamber is open and lies
beneath the grate. The upper end of the
secondary combustion chamber is provided with
a collar whereby it may be connected to a
flue, and with a burner mounted so as to
direct the flame horizontally beneath the
grate, into the open lower end of the secondary
chamber.
INT-0351
Bisztyga, A. Z. (Tobac Curing Systems Limited).
Incinerator. Canada 597,086; filed Mar. 20,
1958; issued Apr. 26, 1960.

A waste incinerator of the gas-fired type is
suitable for domestic use. The unit is comprised
of a casing having within it a primary combustion
chamber to receive a charge of refuse to be
burned. A grate is located at the bottom of the
chamber. The casing is closed at the top and
has a charging door, through which refuse may
INT-0352
Schmid, J. Garbage burner. Canada 609,412;
filed May 15, 1958; issued Nov. 29, 1960.

This garbage burner includes a metallic casing
with an open top and a closed bottom. A sheet
metal cover is provided for closing the top. A
smoke pipe leads from the upper part of the
casing. Distributed along the length of each
flue are air inlet openings for communicating
with the interior of the casing. A thermostat-
ically controlled valve is associated with
each flue, and is responsive to burning tempera-
128
-------
0350-0355
tures developed within the casing. This valve
controls the volume of air admitted through the
ports .
. I x
INT-0353
(Ofenbau-Union G.m.b.H.). Process for burning
waste products. Great Britain 865,901; filed
Sept. 19, 1958; issued Apr. 19, 1961.

This furnace is constructed for burning waste
materials, spent products, or the like. Material
to be burned is fed into a zone which may be
heated at a controlled rate. This zone serves
as a precombustion chamber. It is possible
for the furnace to be constructed as two
separate units. The controlled heating of
the waste material would take place in one and
the actual combustion in the other. It is
preferable, however, to arrange for the two
stages to be performed within a single furnace.
In this case, the zone into which the material
is fed initially can be heated by the com-
bustion gases flowing from the main combustion
region of the furnace.
INT-0354
Endo, T. Underground incinerator. Japan
36-11,725; filed Sept. 19, 1959; issued July
27, 1961.

An underground incinerator, combined with a
smoke scrubber, contains a combustion chamber
with a hollow, cone-shaped cup. The tip of the
cup is connected to a duct leading to the pipe
cooler. The conical cup has holes in its
lower part. A rotary grate is located above
the ash storage tank in the lower part of the
chamber. Running along the sidewall of the
furnace is an air intake pipe, one end of which
opens at the ground surface, and the other end
of which opens at the bottom of the combustion
chamber. A smoke duct connects the cooler to
the scrubber whose discharge port is connected
to a drainpipe. Between the cooler and the
scrubber is a suction pump which draws smoke
and gas from the combustion chamber. The top
cover of the combustion chamber is flush with
the ground surface. Trash, fallen leaves, and
other combustible wastes in the combustion
chamber are ignited at the lower part of the
heap. Trash gradually falls into the conical
cup through its holes and burns with air
taken in through the air intake pipe. By the
suction of the pump, smoke and gas generated
by the incineration are drawn through the
cooler, and the scrubber, where the smoke
and gas are mixed with a continuous supply of
water. The resultant liquid is then discharged
into the drainpipe for disposal. (Text in
Japanese)
INT-0355
Fortin, J. J. An improved incinerator for a
building. Great Britain 883,451; filed Nov. 4,
1959; issued Sept. 29, 1961.

This incinerator is intended to serve a multi-
story building. It comprises a refractory,
brick-lined vertical tower, surmounted by a top
cap flame arrester. The interior of the tower
is separated longitudinally by a vertical brick
wall which provides separate main chutes for
129
-------
Incineration
the refuse supply channel. Individual floor
chutes are connected to the main chutes. A
fire door, a charging door, and an ash door
are provided at the base of the incinerator.
through the walls into the stack. (Text in
German)
IIMT-0356
Haeusermann, E. Refuse incinerator.
Switzerland 357,135; filed Apr. 5, 1960;
issued Sept. 30, 1961 .

This refuse incineration plant consists of two
furnaces that are set up next to each other,
and connected to one stack. Each of the two
furnaces has a conically shaped inlet which
narrows toward its lower end for charging the
refuse. The inlets are closed by a lid which
moves on rollers and can be pushed sideways.
The furnace also has a vaulted combustion cham-
ber with the inlet on top, and an inclined grate.
A flat grate forms a basket shape with the
inclined grate. Burners are used for ignition.
In another version of the furnace, the combus-
tion chamber is so large that it is able to
accommodate a mobile cart-shaped grate which
is almost as high as the vault. Air is injected
by a blower. The flue gases are passed upward
through the burning refuse, and also sideways
IIMT-0357
Herbert, J. W., and P. LaRue. (Calcinator
Corporation). Incinerators. Canada 628,897;
filed Aug. 29, 1958; issued Oct. 10, 1961.

This refuse incinerator includes a primary and
a secondary combustion chamber. Fuel is fluid-
fed to the primary chamber in an axial, generally
longitudinal stream to produce an elongate,
130
-------
0356-0360
torch like flame, which is directed toward the
secondary chamber. The gases resulting from
refuse incineration are collected and channeled
into the secondary chamber. There they are
drawn into vertical cyclones with the vertices
of the funnels near the lower end of the
chamber, and the upper ends of the funnels near
a flue outlet opening. Tongues of flame inter-
mingle with the whirling gases, thus assuring
thorough combustion of the gases. (See also
Canada 625,644)
INT-0358
(Vereinigte Kesselwerke Aktiengesellschaft).
Refuse combustion. Germany 1,133,493; filed
July 26, 1960; issued July 19, 1962.

Refuse combustion is carried out with the aid
of high value fuel such as gas, oil or powdered
coal, in a steam generator. The additional
burner is arranged in the flue gas flow after
the refuse furnace, and the air supply to the
refuse furnace is controlled at a constant ratio
to the volume of refuse supplied. The quantity
of additional fuel is controlled by the tem-
perature in the refuse furnace. (Text in
German)

INT-0359
Cooke, W. H. (W. H. Cooke Limited). Improvements
relating to incinerators. Great Britain 906,993;
filed Oct. 2, 1959; issued Sept. 26, 1962.

The incinerator comprises a rectangular casing
enclosing an internal firebrick structure. The
outer casing is made up of rectangular perfor-
ated steel sheets lined with asbestos (Durasteel).
A space between the two layers is divided by two
horizontal elements. The firebrick structure
is divided into a primary combustion chamber
fitted with a firebar grate with an ash pit
below, a secondary combustion chamber, and a
downtake flue and settling chamber. Primary
combustion air enters below the level of the
grate, and secondary combustion air enters above
the level of the grate. The burning of refuse
is started by a butane gas ignition burner.
Adjustable dampers control the flue draft and
assist complete combustion in the secondary
combustion chamber.
INT-0360
Miyadai, S. Mobile incinerator. Japan
37-17,088; filed Dec. 17, 1960; issued Oct. 22,
1962.

This mobile incinerator is built onto a truck.
The drum-shaped incinerator, which is mounted
across the front half of the rear body of a
truck, is combined with the water tank and the
atomizer chamber on the rear body of the truck.
Suspended from the rear end of the truck chassis
is a garbage-receiving box that connects to the
incinerator by means of a belt conveyor. A
filter screen in the receiving box is linked with
the shaft of the conveyor roller by means of
a crank so the screen moves back and forth as
the conveyor is driven. The cooling pipe in
the water tank has one end connected, via an
air pump, to a smoke duct leading from the
incinerator pump; the other end is attached to
another smoke duct opening into the atomizer
chamber. A water atomizer, which consists of
a few pipes with ejection holes, is installed
in the upper part of that chamber. The atomizer
is connected to the bottom of the water tank
via a water pump. A smoke discharge port is in
the rear side of the atomizer chamber. After
the garbage is filtered by the screen, it is
carried into the incinerator by the conveyor.
The smoke and gas from combustion are blown
into the water tank to be cooled. After the
exhaust is cooled with water, it flows into the
atomizer chamber where its pyroligneous acid
content is separated and collected. A screen
net under the atomizer protects against shocks
and vibration. (Text in Japanese)
30 21
131
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Incineration
INT-0361
Takamatsu, Y. Incinerator. Japan 38-5,387;
filed Jan. 17, 1961; issued May 8, 1963.

Fundamentally a downdraft furnace, this incin-
erator uses an inclined fire rostrum or grate
made of water pipes for two purposes: to
produce hot water from the heat of incineration;
and to cool the grate with water to avoid over-
heating due to the high temperatures (about
800 C) produced in a downdraft furnace. The
furnace is oblong-shaped. The inclined rostrum
or grate is in the lower part of the combustion
chamber above the ash discharge port. The
vertical stack or chimney opens into the lower
part of the combustion chamber at about the
level of the rostrum. The lower half of the
stack is surrounded with a hollow double-pipe
tube which is partially buried in the furnace.
Above and outside of the furnace is a water
tank, from the bottom of which a water pipe
extends down and under the rostrum to connect
to the farthest pipe of the rostrum. This
arrangement heats the water. The rostrum pipe
closest to the stack connects to a hollow
double-pipe tube which leads to the water tank
by means of a hot water pipe, opening in the
top side of the water tank. During combustion,
air is sucked in from above and leaves from
below, through the stack. A red-hot carbon
layer, which can rapidly evaporate the water
content of garbage, is eventually formed,
thereby raising the furnace temperature to about
800 C. This is hot enough to melt glass and to
remove bad odors. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0362
Lantz, D. C. (Lockheed Aircraft Corporation).
Refuse converters. Australia 247,041; filed
Mar. 8, 1961; issued Sept. 17, 1963.

A continuously operating refuse converter in-
cludes a housing which contains a combustion
chamber. Extending horizontally from the
housing, and communicating with a refuse
receiving hopper, are three pipes, each contain-
ing a helical conveyor. The conveyors in these
pipes operate in alternating directions.
Between the first and second pipes at the ends
opposite the hopper is an outlet passage; a
second outlet passage is located between the
second and third pipes at the ends opposite
the first outlet passage. The end of the
third pipe, which extends out of the housing,
is surrounded by a cooling system. The refuse
is conveyed through the pipes, and by the time
it passes through the cooling system, all the
creosote liquids and gases have been removed to
a storage unit through an outlet that leads
from the first pipe. The carbonaceous residue
is discharged through an outlet at the end of
the third pipe. This residue is conveyed to
suitable storage bins.
132
-------
0361-0364
INT-0363
Zimmer, H. J. (Firma Hans J. Zimmer
Verfehrenstechnik). A method and a device for
purifying industrial and domestic effluents and
for utilizing the solid matter contained therein
for the generation of energy. Great Britain
937,051; filed Nov. 7, 1960; issued Sept. 18,
1963.

This process includes equipment to dewater solid
matter to a water content of less than or equal
to 30 percent by weight. Carbon and/or carbon
compounds, such as peat, peat dust, or wood
dust, are added to the matter to obtain a con-
stant calorific value of 1,000 to 3,000 kcal
per cu m when gasified in an air, steam, and/or
oxygen atmosphere. Domestic and industrial
refuse are included with the dried sludge
before gasification. The refuse must be pre-
treated by magnetic separation, comminuting,
or sifting. The mixture can be briquetted
prior to gasification. The fuel gas obtained
from the gasification process is cooled and
used for the generation of electrical current.
The hot waste gases are used for drying the
separated solid matter and/or other input
materials. The clarified effluent from the
solids dewatering is purified.
CHEMICALS
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INT-0364
Morton, K. R. (Thomas McDowell Limited).
Improvements in incinerators. Great Britain
944,480; filed June 23, 1961; issued Dec. 18,
1963.

An incinerator is composed of a primary combus-
tion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber
above the primary combustion chamber, and a
heat exchanger located above the secondary
combustion chamber. The heat exchanger is
located in a stack. The secondary combustion
chamber includes a horizontally positioned
baffle and a pressure jet oil burner. A duct
couples the secondary combustion chamber to the
stack and bypasses the heat exchanger. The
primary combustion chamber has ports through
which air is fed by a fan. The secondary
combustion chamber also includes a hopper for
the removal of particulate matter.
133
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Incineration
INT-0365
Weyrauch, H., and H. Seidl (Deutsche Babcock
and Wilcox-Dampfkessel-Werke A.G.). Incinerator
for city refuse. Germany 1,162,503; filed
Mar. 29, 1962; issued Feb. 6, 1964.

An incinerator is composed of a combustion
chamber with at least two feed grates and a
heat exchanger. The preheating and combustion
chambers are constructed with their open lower
ends juxtaposed to the two grates located at
different levels. The combustible material is
carried from the entrance hopper and falls from
the end of the higher to the beginning of the
lower grate. The air required for combustion
is introduced through vents located beneath
each feed grate. An oil or gas burner is
located in the preheating chamber cover. The
entire combustion chamber assembly is mounted
on wheels. A conveyor is located at the end
of the lower grate to provide for the removal
of slag. Mounted on a separate frame which is
equipped with wheels, a heat exchanger-regen-
erator unit is housed within an insulated cham-
ber. (Text in German)
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INT-0366
Funk, M. 0. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.).
Traveling grate incinerator furnace with novel
overfire air and operating method that boosts
burning effectiveness. Canada 680,389; filed
Mar. 13, 1961; issued Feb. 18, 1964.

A new incinerator for burning cellulose has been
developed. This furnace is composed of a com-
bustion chamber, a traveling grate, jet nozzles,
an ash discharger, and a stack. Refuse is fed
into a chute which drops the trash onto the
inclined drying stoker. This stoker carries
IWim I HM
trash to the furnace at the rate of 40 to 60
ft per hr. Once the refuse reaches the incin-
erator, it is deposited onto a horizontal
stoker where up to 200 tons of refuse may
be burned per day. Jet nozzles are located on
either side of the furnace and they serve three
purposes: to stir up refuse, so that trash at
the bottom of the layer will be combusted; to
supply oxygen for the burning process; and to
cool the air so that slagging will be prevented.
Hot combustion gases flow out of the stack,
and ash residue drops into a suitable hopper so
j
134
-------
0365-0368
it can be disposed of conveniently. This
improved incinerator furnace is capable of
burning refuse more completely than a traveling-
grate furnace apparatus in which these inven-
tions are not incorporated.
INT-0367
Claassen, A., and F. Bienick. (Thurlngia
G.m.b.H.). Improvements in and relating to
the incineration of paper articles difficult
to burn. Great Britain 952,582; filed Jan.
2, 1963; issued Mar. 18, 1964.

An incinerating device, composed of a combustion
box on which are superimposed hoods that con-
verge upward, is intended for the smokeless
incineration of paper articles difficult to burn
such as cardboard, paper bottles, bundles of
files, and books. Quantities of combustion air
are supplied to the combustion chamber of the
device via wall apertures and perforated ducts
arranged at various levels in the chamber wall.
Through the apertures, fresh air can flow into
the device; through the ducts, air can be con-
veyed upward. Paper can be inserted into the
combustion chamber and ignited from above,
causing combustion to occur from the top down-
ward; the draught of combustion air can flow
from the bottom upward. In flowing upward at
increased velocities, the air becomes heated
in the ducts, and thereby helps to incinerate
paper objects that are difficult to burn. In
addition, some ducts supply fresh air directly
to an afterburner situated above the combustion
chamber. This device burns the smouldering
fumes and gases produced by incineration. (See
also Germany 1,146,220)
to tb S
INT-0368
Charleson, E. (A. B. Scorer Limited). Improve-
ments in refuse incinerators. Great Britain
953,147; filed Mar. 1, 1962; issued Mar. 25,
1964.
The floor of the hearth of the incinerator is
trough-shaped and is inclined downward from the
charging door, and upward to the opposite side
135
-------
Incineration
of the hearth. The floor has a corrugated
surface. The corrugations are arranged trans-
versely to the hearth. The heating burners are
located at one end of the corrugations so that
the products of combustion from the burners will
be directed into the ends of the valleys of the
corrugations. The products will tend to travel
along these valleys, thereby insuring the com-
bustion of all the material on the hearth. The
inclined sides of the trough floor may be equal,
but it is preferable that the side inclined
upward toward the burners be shorter and steeper
than the other side.
INT-0369
Wisnewski, H. (Von Roll A.G.). Method for
operation of a refuse incinerator. Switzerland
376,604; filed Apr. 15, 1964; issued May 30,
1964.

Combustion residues fall from the grate onto a
vertically descending wall. This wall serves
as a melting chamber wall and is heated by a
burner that is tilted upward so that it parallels
the inclined surface. The drying grate is like-
wise connected to the melting chamber. The
walls of the melting chamber, including the ver-
tical wall, are lined with a water curtain, and
inside they are plastered with fireproof clay.
When the residues leave the melting chamber,
they are solidified in water. They contain no
usable calories, so no energy is lost. The
volume of these residues is much less than the
amount usually obtained from incineration.
(Text in German)
136
-------
0369-0372
INT-0370
Martin, I. Z. Charging device for combustion
chambers. U.S.S.R. 161,297; filed Feb. 14,
1963; issued Apr. 29, 1964.

A charging device incorporates two pushing
slides placed one on top of the other at the
entrance to the combustion chamber. The upper
one is entrained by the directly-driven lower
one. The lower pushing slide has a fixed lug
on its top and is driven by an oscillating crank.
The upper slide has on its underside a fixed
rear stop and a pair of mobile stop nuts engaged
by a pair of threaded rods. Via these rods,
the nuts can be moved to and held at any posi-
tion along that slide between its front and
rear stop. The lug of the lower slide runs
alternately against the front stop and the
stop nuts of the upper slide. Thus is impart-
ed to the slide a reciprocating motion, with a
pause at every stroke. The duration of the
pause and the stroke of the upper slide,
respectively, increase and decrease with the
distance between the two stops. Each stop
can be adjusted by changing the position of the
stop nuts. (Text in Russian)
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\
INT-0371
Leupold, K. ('Wistra' Ofenbau G.m.b.H.). Refuse
incinerator plant. Germany 1,170,105; filed
May 30, 1961; issued May 14, 1964.

A refuse incinerator plant has drying, primary,
and secondary combustion (rotary cylinder)
zones. Some of the hot gases traverse the dry-
ing zone, and some, the secondary zone. At the
exit of the rotary cylinder, air is blown into
the fuel residue, and the resultant exhaust
gases, together with the combustion gases, are
drawn off in a direction opposite to the fuel
residue flow. (Text in German)
IIMT-0372
Meschkat, W. Oil-fired boiler heater with shaft
for refuse incineration. Germany 1,161,655;
filed July 9, 1960; issued July 30, 1964.

An oil-fired boiler heater has an additional
refuse combustion shaft. The shaft is pierced
by a muffle tube which is equipped with an oil
burner. The tube reaches across to the boiler
shaft. The incineration shaft is clad with a
water-cooled jacket. A movable grate and an
ash bin are located in the bottom of the incin-
eration shaft; in the upper section, a waste
gas pipe which leads to the boiler shaft is
installed. The refuse falls from the top onto
the glowing muffle tube, where it is incinerated
at a low temperature. The incompletely burned
refuse clings closely to the muffle tube and
continues to burn. The distance between the
muffle tube and the grate can be adjusted
according to the type of refuse being burned.
The heat produced during combustion can be
used for heating a boiler. Both the refuse
incineration shaft and the boiler shaft may
form one unit. The cooling jacket of the
incineration shaft may form part of the steam
137
-------
Incineration

system of the boiler. In this case, the muffle The cooling jacket is pierced by a tube for the
tube extends to the hot-gas flues of the boiler. waste gas. (Text in German)
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INT-0373
Engel, W., and A. von Weihe. (Stadt Duessel-
dorf). Continuous refuse incinerator. Germany
1,176,783; filed Apr. 22, 1960; issued Aug. 27,
1964.
A continuously operating refuse incinerator has
a movable inclined grate that is charged from a
distributor through a feed shaft. The grate is
made up of several successive roller grates with
baffle walls between them. These baffle walls

138
-------
0373-0376
are in the vicinity of the plane that runs
through the roller axis, and they form, together
with the rollers, pockets into which the mate-
rial drops as it comes from the distributor.
The material is then turned by the adjoining
roller and passed onto the next pocket. (Text
in German)
INT-0374
Weiand, H. (Maschinenfabrik Esslingen). Refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,176,781; filed Mar. 15,
1961; issued Aug. 27, 1964.

This cylindrical refuse incinerator is designed
along a vertical longitudinal axis and has an
afterburner arranged immediately after the burner
grate. Air jets in the incinerator are arranged
in such a manner that the streams of air emitted
by them increase the falling time. This is
sufficient for combustion of the residual par-
ticles falling through the afterburner chamber.
(Text in German)
INT-0375
Weiand, H. (Maschinenfabrik Esslingen). Grate
for refuse incinerator. Germany 1,176,784;
filed Nov. 9, 1960; issued Aug. 27, 1964.

A grate for a refuse incinerator has individual
sections arranged immediately adjacent to the
direction of the conveying; each section is
pivotable around a transverse axis. The
sections are in the form of circular segments.
In the direction in which the burning refuse
is being fed, each succeeding section is lower
than the preceding one. The individual sec-
tions can be pivoted independently of the others
over the entire grate length. (Text in German)
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IIMT-0376
Riedel, E. 0., and F. Scherer (J. Riepl, F.
Scherer, and E. 0. Riedel). Method of
preparation of preliminary sorted refuse for
use as fuel. Germany 1,177,273; filed June
30, 1959; issued Sept. 3, 1964.

Refuse is prepared for use as fuel by crushing
its hard components and shredding the soft
components, followed by drying to a uniform
water content. Prior to entry into the combus-
tion chamber, the refuse is mixed with solid,
liquid or gaseous fuel; or, the refuse may be
injected or carried into the combustion chamber
by air. The quantity of auxiliary fuel added
to the prepared refuse must suffice for combus-
tion of the mixture at temperatures of more
than 1,500 C. The ground and mixed fuel may
be transported into the combustion chamber by
preheated primary air. The molten slag is
quenched with water or liquid air. (Text in
German)
139
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Incineration
INT-0377
(Mount Royal Rice Mills Limited, and Canada
Rice Mills Limited). Method of removing
volatile constituents and carbon from rice
hulls. Great Britain 969,538; filed Oct. 20,
1961; issued Sept. 4, 1964.

Volatile constituents are removed from rice
hulls by: introducing an oxygen-containing
gas and the rice hulls into a chamber; main-
taining particles of the hulls in dispersed
form, suspended in a rising column of the gas;
and maintaining a temperature of between 500
and 800 C whereby combustion of the volatile
constituents takes place and a carbonaceous
ash is produced. Carbon is removed from the
ash by: forming a bed of the ash; causing
oxygen-containing gas to flow upward through
the bed at a rate of 55 to 174 Ib per hr; and
maintaining the temperature between 500 and
800 C until all the carbon is removed. The
controlled rate of flow ensures that combustion

INT-0378
Rohsaint, H., and H. Block (Wistra Ofenbau-
G.m.b.H.). Garbage burning furnace. Germany
1,177,766; filed Aug. 8, 1960; issued Sept.
10, 1964.

A garbage-burning furnace which is designed
especially for vegetable waste of high moisture
content has drying and combustion zones.
The drying zone is preceded by a dehydrating
device consisting of a container with inlets
for hot gas, air or steam, and with drain
holes. The device is mounted in a second
container which has a liquid drain. (Text in
German)
IT-IS
of carbon monoxide takes place at the surface
of the bed.
140
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0377-0381
INT-0379
De Bartolomeis, R. (S.p.A. Forni ed Impianti
Industrial! Ingg. De Bartolomeis). Inclined
grated furnace for combustion of solid refuse.
Switzerland 381,795; filed Jan. 21, 1963;
issued Sept. 15, 1964.

The furnace consists of an inclined main grate
and an afterburning grate. Combustion occurs
on the main grate by the addition of air. On
the afterburning grate, combustion of the
residues takes place. The inclined top of the
furnace has an upper and a lower outlet. The
hot gases passing through the upper outlet are
used for drying the refuse on the main grate;
the hot gases passing through the lower outlet
are used for the final combustion of the
refuse. (Text in Italian)
INT-0380
Schueffler, J. (Wistra Ofenbau-G.m.b.H.).
Refuse incinerator. Germany 1,178,165; filed
Sept. 5, 1962; issued Sept. 17, 1964.

A method is disclosed for the combustion of
refuse with the addition of solid, liquid or
gaseous fuel. The additional firing is accom-
plished in the flue gas stream behind the
refuse combustion chamber and/or in this chamber.
The temperature in the combustion chamber is
kept constant and the amount of additional
fuel is controlled in accordance with the tem-
perature of the flue gas in the combustion
chamber and/or in the postburning chamber,
or alternately in accordance with the require-
ments of a subsequent heat utilization
installation. The air for the additional firing
is metered not only in accordance with the
amount of additional fuel, but is also corrected
by the composition of the total flue gas, for
example, the oxygen content. (Text in German)
INT-0381
Fabry, F. A. M. Process and apparatus for the
distillation, carbonisation, and incineration
of waste matter. Great Britain 970,612; filed
Mar. 6, 1962; issued Sept. 23, 1964.
.10
16
A process for the incineration of waste matter
comprises heating it to a high temperature
in a container, open only at its top, until
the matter is calcined. The gases given off
by the matter are mixed with heated air so
that the temperature of the gas/air mixture
is above its self-ignition point. Then the
mixture is burned. The air for mixing with
the gases is fed into the top of the container
through an air jacket in the casing which is
heated by the combustion of the matter.
141
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Incineration
INT-0382
Yonner, A. (L. von Roll A.G.). Refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,178,542; filed July 25,
1958; issued Sept. 24, 1964.

A refuse incinerator is provided with a
preliminary drying grid and an incinerating
grid. There are nozzles provided for the
injection of air, vertical to the forward
movement of refuse material. Arranged in the
walls on both sides of the preliminary drying
grid, the nozzles are parallel to the feed
movement of the material to be incinerated. As
a result, the combustible parts of the carboni-
zation gases are mixed with the noncombustible
parts of the injected air, and the concentration
of the combustible matter in the mixture is
reduced to below its ignition point. Also, the
mixture is pressed against the heaters as a
result of the additional air volume. (Text in
German)
INT-0383
Saito, T., and M. Tada. Device to dispose of
combustible wastes. Japan 39-25,175; filed
Apr. 27, 1963; issued Sept. 28, 1964.

A fluid layer of sand ensures the effective
incineration of wastes. The incinerator
consists of a vented lower rostrum which
holds the sand layer and under which is a
connection to a turboblower. A screw feeder
INT-0384
Wuergler, R. Garbage incinerator. Switzerland
382,355; filed Feb. 14, 1961; issued Sept. 30,
1964.

The incinerator consists of a steel casing with
a refractive lining. Garbage falls continuously
through a vertical loading duct into the combus-
tion chamber. Two oil burners on the lateral
wall produce heat for the incineration of the
falling refuse. In the bottom of the combustion
chamber is a nonperforated plate, whose top
side is somewhat curved and inclined. This
plate consists of a frame with a number of
individual segments closely fitted together.
They are made of fireproof material and are
replaceable. The entire plate rests on a
vertical and/or horizontal vibrator. On the
bottom side of the plate is an adjustable cooler
which also serves to preheat the primary air for
combustion. The residues are removed from the
furnace by a conveyor and sprinkled with water
outside the furnace to reduce dust development.
(Text in German) 2
11
142
-------
0382-0386
located in the lower sidewall opens immediately
above the rostrum. Above the screw feeder is
a night soil feeder device whose pipe opening
is in the sand layer. An overflow device,
primarily a small compartment alongside and
connected to the sand layer, is opposite the
screw feeder. An overflow pipe connects to
the outer wall of the compartment; a wind
box is provided under the compartment. An
oil burner is also installed in the layer.
A smokestack, a pair of cyclone dust collect-
ors, a hot air fan, a water-cooling tower,
and a chimney comprise the emission system.
A screw discharger is provided on the bottom
of the cooler device. After the furnace is
started by feeding in sand-fuel mixtures to
form a fluid layer, the wastes are added.
When the temperature in the furnace reaches
about 750 C, the burner is extinguished, and
air with a velocity of 40 to 60 cm per second
is blown into the furnace to completely flui-
dize the layer and keep the furnace temperature
at around 950 C. When incinerating solid
wastes alone, the temperature often rises too
high; it must be lowered by water-cooling.
In this case, night soil is added in order to
prevent extremely high temperatures. (Text in
Japanese)
INT-0385
Leib, H., and H. Womann (Badische Anilin- and
Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft). Apparatus and
method for combustion of solids, liquids, or
pastes. Belgium 647,921; filed May 15, 1963;
issued Nov. 16, 1964.

This process is for burning various substances
while eliminating the emission of smoke. The
substances are introduced into a rotatory com-
bustion chamber along with preheated air, and
ignited. The gases formed are led to a post-
combustion chamber which is divided into several
sections. The gases are burned with water
vapor, combustible gases, and/or air in the
various parts of the chamber. Part of the
resulting heat, when the gases are cooled, is
used for preheating the air. (Text in French)
t
INT-0386
Tsujiwara, Y. Portable incinerator-cleaner.
Japan 39-28,489; filed Sept. 12, 1963; issued
Dec. 9, 1964.

A portable incinerator-cleaner is designed to
remove such materials as gum from road or floor
surfaces. It is shaped like an electrostatic
floor cleaner and rolls on fireproof castors
fitted to its bottom. A hollow handle stem
is fitted to the top of the combustion chamber
unit alongside the liquid fuel tank. Under
the handle is the fuel ejection pipe that is
connected to both the fuel tank and the air
duct running inside of the handle stem. An
exhaust gas outlet is also provided in the
upper part of the chamber unit. Control
143
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Incineration
devices are located in the upper part of the
handle stem. The pressurized air inlet is
located below the fuel tank pressure-control
device. One end of an air hose is connected
to the inlet; the other end is connected to
an air compressor or pressurized air bomb.
When fuel is injected into the combustion
chamber and ignited, the device is manually
moved about on the road or fireproof floor to
incinerate the gum or sticky waste materials.
(Text in Japanese)

INT-0387
Smol'nikov, N. P. Shaft furnace for thermal
processing of wood and wood wastes. U.S.S.R.
129,635; filed June 16, 1959; issued Feb. 26,
1965.

The shaft furnace is made of refractory mate-
rials. It rests on an annular foundation, is
topped by a roof, and is provided with one
lower outlet opening and two upper inlet
openings. An interior coaxial circular table
can be raised or lowered by a vertical lift.
A telpher, running on a monorail, charges the
wood into a hopper to be processed. A combus-
tion chamber is connected with the shaft by
a vertical duct and an annular manifold leading
to openings, as well as a bypass duct termin-
ating in the furnace roof. Two cooling bunkers
are provided, and cooled charcoal is discharged
onto a horizontal conveyor where it is sorted
with the aid of vibrators. Pulverized charcoal
is conveyed from a roller crusher to a
pulverized-coal burner of the combustion
chamber. In operation, the wood to be treated
is cut into pieces of about 5-cm mean diameter,
which are charged into the hopper; they are
then discharged onto the circular table by
means of a tilting platform. This table rises
slowly while the combustion gases from the
chamber enter the shaft through openings and
move downward, heating the charged wood. These
gases and the gaseous products of wood
decomposition are withdrawn together through
an opening. The wood becomes progressively
more carbonized and finally slides off near
the top of the furnace into the cooling bunker.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0388
Urban, B., H. Block, and H. J. Mueller (Wistra
Ofenbau-G.m.b.H.). Garbage destruction plant.
Australia 258,712; filed Apr. 9, 1962; issued
Apr. 20, 1965.

This garbage destruction plant uses one or
more inclined drying grates and an inclined
burning grate below the lower end of the lowest
drying grate. Dried and partially burned gar-
bage falls from the drying grate to the burning
grate, then to an afterburning device. As hot
waste combustion gases are withdrawn past the
drying grates to a mixing chamber, the garbage
on the grates is dried. The gases are mixed
in the chamber with waste gases from the after-
burning device and then passed through a heat
recovery system to a chimney.
INT-0389
Shibata, K. Incinerator. Japan 40-17,872;
filed Feb. 16, 1963; issued Aug. 12, 1965.

The device which opens and shuts the lid of the
incinerator is, in this case, connected with
the device governing the automatic transfer and
stirring of the garbage. At the bottom and to
one side of the square, pillar-shaped incinera-
tor is the incinerating device. On the under-
144
-------
0387-0391
side of the device is the grid and the opening
for ash removal. A square, cone-shaped lid
covers the top opening for charging. Bearings
connect the lid with the movable cylinder
which radiates heat inside the incinerator
chamber. From the flange at the top of the
heat-radiating cylinder extend two boards in
which there are two holes through which rods
can move. I-Jhen the lid is opened, the heat-
radiating cylinder moves, and the extended
board stirs the materials which fall to the
bottom of the incinerator. The next batch
may then be added. When necessary, the rods
can be slipped through the holes so that the
heat-radiating cylinder can be operated manu-
ally. As the garbage is agitated, more surface
area is exposed and incineration increases.
This device not only speeds up incineration,
but also provides a sufficient air supply to
permit high-temperature burning. (Text in
Japanese)
INT-0391
Seiler, H. (Hermann Seiler Limited). Method for
drying and incinerating a mixture of waste water
sludge and crushed garbage, and plant for
carrying out the method. Switzerland 400,425;
filed Jan. 10, 1962; issued Oct. 15, 1965.
INT-0390
Turner, L. D. Up-draught disposable residue
incinerator. Australia 261,882; filed Nov. 8,
1961; issued Sept. 1, 1965.

This rubbish incinerator includes a sleeve-
like container adapted to fit into and be
supported by a stand. Two frustumlike pieces
secured to one another at their smaller ends,
and having a common central aperture, make a
double funnel. This funnel is located in an
opening in the base of the sleevelike con-
tainer. Positioned over the common central
aperture of the funnel is a perforated cone
with its base supported by the funnel. There
is a lid over the sleevelike container. A
chimney with a spark arrester extends above
this lid. Supplementary draft openings extend
through the funnel. A strong updraft in
constant contact with the flame in the inciner-
ator insures that the refuse is burned with a
minimum of smoke.
Dried sludge and garbage are preheated by hot
waste gases from an incinerator and are then
145
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Incineration

incinerated in a plant which includes a mixer,
an incinerator, and a drying drum. The latter
consists of three concentrically arranged
cylinders for drying the mixture of wet and
dried sludge, and crushed garbage. Hot com-
bustion gases are passed to the cylinders.
The gas and refuse mixture is deflected twice
by 180 degrees. The fractions which dry most
rapidly, and are the lightest, are drawn off
by ventilators. A separator through which the
waste next passes removes glass, iron, sand,
stones, etc. Then, the waste gases and the
evaporated water are separated from the solid
material in the cyclone. The waste gases are
scrubbed before they are allowed to enter the
atmosphere. The solid material goes to a
sieve; the sifted fine material is mixed with
wet sewage sludge, and then incinerated.
(Text in German)
INT-0392
Gujer, H. Method and equipment for combustion
of sewage sludge and garbage. Switzerland
403,140; filed Sept. 25, 1963; issued Nov. 30,
1965.

Prior to incineration, sludge and garbage are
mixed to form a combustible product with a 70-
percent water content. The cascade mixer used
for this purpose consists of several conveyor
belts staggered above each other. The mixer is
connected with the incinerator where the waste
material falls from one level to another. The
solid waste material is shredded before it is
mixed with sewage sludge. The sewage sludge
is dehydrated to a water content of 80 percent
before it is mixed with garbage. The furnace
is equipped with rotating arms on each level.
The loading of refuse is halted momentarily
while an arm passes underneath the inlet.
(Text in German)
INT-0393
Masuda, T. (Masuda Kogyo Company, Ltd.).
Incinerator. Japan 40-27,637; filed Oct. 12,
1963; issued Dec. 6, 1965.

An incinerator for the complete combustion of
kitchen garbage consists of a primary and a
secondary combustion chamber, and a jet-type
smoke elimination chamber. In the first cham-
ber, there is a basket container, vertically
divided into two sections by an inverted
T-shaped grid consisting of many rods. The
center of the grid is fixed to an axis so it
can rotate freely. Garbage enters alternately
either side of the basket container. Then,
a blower jets air through a nozzle to create
a draft in the chamber, and combustion occurs.
A device on the top of the first chamber
dumps the residue into the second combustion
chamber. There, gases emitted during primary
combustion are mixed with air and recombus-
tion occurs. A passage from the second
chamber leads to the smoke elimination
chamber, which has a chimney attached. As
146
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0392-0395
air is blown into the chimney from the smoke
elimination chamber, a nozzle in the chimney
withdraws and emits the smoke. At a suitable
time, the positioning rod in the basket
container is tilted to make room for another
batch of garbage. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0394
Egli, W. Refuse incinerator. Switzerland
407,392; filed Jan. 24, 1963; issued Feb. 15,
1966.

The incinerator consists of a tubular lower
section, and a tubular upper section that
has a smaller cross section than the lower
part so there is an annular aperture between
them. The upper section protrudes into the
lower section, and rests on supports rising
from it. In the lower section, a grate
separates the combustion chamber from the
'4^
^^ss^L-r,
ash compartment. The grate, which can be
fixed in horizontal position, is mounted on a
rotatable axis. Steel tubes are arranged
radially inside the upper part. The innermost
tube juts more deeply into the lower section
than does the upper part. The upper part has
a wire mesh lid for charging. The combustion
air, and the air for cooling the sheet steel
jackets and the upper section, is drawn in
through the annular aperture. Because of the
reverse air jet, the upper part of the ash
compartment is ventilated so that an after-
burning of unburned matter which has fallen
into the ash results. The upper and lower
sections of the incinerator may be made of
cement asbestos. A refractive lining may be
installed in the upper section. (Text in
German)
IIMT-0395
Staesche, W. (Von Roll A.G.). Furnace for the
incineration of solid, pasty and liquid wastes.
Canada 728,936; filed July 17, 1963; issued
Mar. 1, 1966.

A furnace for the incineration of solid, pasty,
and liquid wastes consists of a furnace en-
closure defining a fire chamber and a semi-
cylindrical trough lined with refractory
material mounted within the enclosure. The
trough is inclined along its longitudinal axis
and can be rocked about that axis. Openings
in the sidewalls of the furnace provide for
the introduction of combustion air. Combustion
residues are removed at the lower end of the
trough. (See also Switzerland 442,591 and
Germany 1,107,365)
10
147
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Incineration
INT-0396
Keller, 0. Incinerator for waste products.
Switzerland 409,210; filed June 5, 1964;
issued Mar. 15, 1966.

The incinerator consists of a horizontal,
rotatable cylindrical body with two stationary
walls on either side. The main burner, an
auxiliary burner, and separate inlets for
sludge and solid refuse are on one stationary
wall. On the other, the ash tap-off and flue
gas outlet are installed. The main burner
reduces waste oil, oil/water mixtures, solvents,
and other combustible waste liquids. Sludge
and solid refuse are burned by the auxiliary
burner. A screw conveyor transports the sludge
into the furnace. Operation of the screw
conveyor as well as the chute is blocked if
the auxiliary burner is not operating. Through
the rotary movement of the cylindrical body,
which does not interfere with the combustion
of liquid refuse, sludge and solid waste are
constantly held in motion to prevent the for-
mation of slag layers which could hamper the
combustion process. (See also Switzerland
379,679) (Text in German)
INT-0397
Ekman, C. 0. A., E. 0. V. Ekman, and B.
Brundin (Firma Licentia, Ekman and Brundin).
Refuse incinerator. Great Britain 1,024,773;
filed Jan. 25, 1963; issued Apr. 6, 1966.

An incinerator comprises a refuse shaft lined
with refractory, heat-insulating material,
and a charge opening. There is also a shaft
for high-grade solid fuel. Each shaft is
provided with a grate, being separated by a
common intermediate wall, and communicating
with each other by way of an opening in the
intermediate wall adjacent to the grate of
the refuse shaft. This opening is disposed
so gases and vapors from the burning refuse
are forced through the fuel bed in the fuel
shaft during operation of the incinerator.
The fuel shaft is provided with an intake for
secondary combustion air, and at its upper end
it is connected to a flue. Both shafts have
separated ashpits, and at least one duct
extends from the ashpit of the fuel shaft to
the upper portion of the refuse shaft. Through
this duct any vapors and gases above the refusi
bed are drawn off during operation of the
incinerator.
148
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0396-0400
INT-0398
Gimbel, E. Refuse agitator for incinerators.
Germany 1,213,945; filed Nov. 13, 1964; issued
Apr. 7, 1966.

An agitator for stirring refuse during combus-
tion has removable blades that are axially
displaceable, and can be inserted into the
rotating mechanism simultaneously. The blades
are attached to the free end of a shaft and
can be manipulated by pull or pressure on its
other end, which is attached to a fixed device.
The shaft is supplied with a spring coil
arrangement. When not in use, the stirrers
are enclosed in a hood. (Text in German)
22 20
10 U U 11
INT-0399
Nishikawa, F. (Japan Ply-Brico Company).
Incinerator. Japan 41-6,718; filed Apr. 5,
1963; issued Apr. 16, 1966.

The amount of ash which remains in the incin-
erator, irrespective of the quality of the
burned material, can be minimized by complete
combustion, by the proper adjustment of
temperature. The adjustment depends on the
volume of heated gas allowed into the
incinerator. The incinerator is divided into
a first combustion chamber, in which the
garbage is preheated and burned, and a second
chamber, in which the gas from the first
chamber is heated and expanded. A vertically
movable dumper can change the dimension between
the two chambers so that the flow of gas from
the first chamber to the second is adjusted,
thus controlling the temperature of the first
chamber. The driving mechanism of the dumper
is connected with a thermostat so its opera-
tion is automatic. When the temperature of
the first chamber rises higher than the
lowest optimum temperature for desired incin-
eration, the dumper rises; this increases the
flow of heated gas from the first chamber,
and, therefore, lowers the temperature. The
reverse occurs if the temperature is too low.
Since the dumper has numerous holes that open
toward the second chamber, it is kept cool,
and combustion in the second chamber is
promoted. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0400
Spitz, A. W. Incinerator for wire scrap.
Great Britain 1,026,757; filed Jan. 21, 1963;
issued Apr. 20, 1966.

A portable incinerator for the removal by
burning of organic materials, e.g. insulation,
from metal substances without melting or
oxidizing the metal portion, is described. The
incinerator comprises a frustoconical sheet
metal primary combustion chamber, which is
superimposed on a random pile of scrap, in situ.
An upright, refractory-lined, sheet metal
chimney is located at the apex of this chamber,
and it is equipped with a gas exit near its
top and a fuel burner with an air inlet near
22
if' f
149
-------
Incineration
its lower end, forming the secondary combustion
chamber. A pile of insulated wire or scrap
metal is placed upon two rails resting on the
ground. Readily ignitable fuel is added to
start the fire. The temperature in the lower
chamber is kept below the melting point of
the metal so only the smoke and gases, given
off by the burning organic materials, enter
the secondary chamber for complete combustion.
The unit is transported by a vehicle equipped
with a crane and caterpillar treads.
248
24
38'
B" '40
IIMT-0401
Tutt, R. N. (Babcock and Wilcox Limited).
Improvements relating to boilers utilising waste
material. Great Britain 1,029,660; filed Nov. 5,
1962; issued May 18, 1966.

This boiler has a furnace capable of burning
bagasse, wood chips, or other combustible
wastes. Pressurized air spreads the waste
over the separately operable sections of the
combustion grate. As the fuel falls from a
chute, the air distributes the waste over the
grate. A flushing device washes the ashes from
the ash receptacle, which is positioned below
the grate.

INT-0402
(Gutehoffnungshutte Sterkrade A.G.). Method
of and apparatus for utilizing heat, derived
from garbage or refuse incinerators. Great
Britain 1,031,412; filed Jan. 31, 1963;
issued June 2, 1966.

A method for converting heat, derived from the
combustion of garbage or other refuse, into
usable energy involves using heat in a gas
turbine plant. The plant contains a heater
formed by an incinerator, through which extend
ducts for the passage of the working fluid of
the plant. The inlet of the ducting is con-
nected to the inlet of the combustion chamber
of the plant. The energy provided by the
turbine plant can be used as mechanical energy,
or preferably, to drive an electric generator.
Heat is used to indirectly heat the working
fluid downstream of the compression stage of
the cycle. The working fluid is further heated
by the heat generated in a combustion chamber
before reaching the expansion stage of the
cycle. Alternatively, by means of a trans-
formation process, the heat is used to cool
the working fluid upstream of the compression
stage.
IIMT-0403
Gimbel, E. Refuse incinerator. Germany
1,220,072; filed Jan. 19, 1963; issued June
30, 1966.

The incinerator consists of a refractory-lined
combustion chamber, with an inclined impact
plate. Approximately perpendicular to this,
there is a rebound plate; the two plates form
a trough for reception of the refuse. An oil
or gas burner terminates in the combustion
chamber. A flap-closed refuse feed funnel is
placed over the combustion chamber. A water-
cooled residue catcher is attached. The charge
150
-------
0401-0405
opening to the Incinerator is over the impact
plate. This plate, to achieve a longitudinally
extended sloping of the charge, is more
steeply inclined than the rebound plate. The
burner is mounted so that the flame envelops
the lower part of the refuse pile. (See also
Germany 1,239,797) (Text in German)
INT-0404
Ruppmann, W. Refuse incineration muffle
furnace. Germany 1,224,861; filed Nov. 18,
1958; issued Sept. 15, 1966.

Ducts are provided between the furnace lining
and the outer wall of the muffle. These are
for electric heating elements, by which incin-
eration air is heated before entering the
muffle, flowing over its upper edge and down-
ward through it. A tilting grate is arranged
inside the muffle, with a combustion gas
discharge flue beneath it. (Text in German)
INT-0405
Roder, K., and H. Goldscheid (Hilgers A.G.).
Refuse incinerator. Germany 1,227,188; filed
July 15, 1964; issued Oct. 20, 1966.

A refuse-burning furnace has a rotary grate
tapering in a frustoconical form in the direc-
tion of movement of refuse into the furnace.
The grate is mounted on a rocking axis,
perpendicular to its axis of rotation, in order
to rock between an operating position in which
its lowest boundary is horizontal or rises
slightly toward the outlet end of the grate.
There is an emptying position, with its axis
of rotation approximately vertical and its
emptying opening at the bottom. The rotary
grate is on a shaft extending axially from
the outlet end of the grate. This shaft passes
passes through a slot in the bottom of the
furnace enclosure wall; at its outer end, it is
carried by the driving gear for the grate.
This gear is arranged to rock with respect to
the fixed structure of the furnace. (Text in
German)
23 24 25 IB
23
24
25
7 TO 8
27
151
-------
Incineration
INT-0406
Schuffler, A., and H. Block (Wistra Ofenbau
G.m.b.H.). Process and apparatus for the
disposal of garbage. Australia 271,057;
filed May 22, 1963; issued Nov. 1, 1966.

This apparatus for garbage disposal includes
a revolving tubular furnace in which fine-
grained, pasty, liquid, and/or solid waste
is dried, ignited, and partially burned. The
remainder of the burning and the slag discharge
is performed by one or more stationary or
moving combustion-completing grates which
follow the furnace. Positioned at the end
of the furnace, and above the final grates,
is a mixing chamber which receives flue gases
and vapors exhausted from the furnace, and
mixes them with flue gases from the grates.
The mixed gases then flow to a heat exchanger.
INT-0407
Beuel, H. (Aktien-Gesellschaft 'Weser').
Refuse incineration plant. Germany 1,234,632;
filed Oct. 19, 1965; issued Feb. 23, 1967.

The plant includes a preliminary stock bunker
and a mobile charging crane whose service range
covers the bunker. There is also a charge
mechanism to the incinerator furnace. At the
edge of the bunker is a comminutor for coarse
refuse, with its charging opening within
the range of the mobile crane, and whose dis-
charge is at a height from the bunker base.
(Text in German)
IIMT-0408
Gartner, W. (Deutsche Gold- und Silber-
Scheideanstalt). Refuse incineration procedure.
Germany 1,241,933; filed Sept. 6, 1963; issued
June 8, 1967.

Refuse is burned by the addition of an oxidizing
agent (e.g. sodium peroxide) immediately before
the incineration of the refuse. The quantity
of oxidizing agent added depends on the tem-
perature in the combustion area, and on the
moisture of the refuse, and is governed by
these two variables. (Text in German)
INT-0409
Volhardt, F. (Schmidt'sche Heissdampf G.m.b.H.).
Incinerator. Germany 1,248,211; filed Oct.
29, 1964; issued Aug. 24, 1967.

An incinerator for paper, and similar material,
includes a partition, separating the furnace
from the postcombustion space, which has
screenlike perforations, and is inclined to
the furnace. An additional burner is
arranged tiltably in the roof of the furnace,
in line with the longitudinal axis of the
partitions, and at right angles to its upper
edge. (Text in German)
152
-------
0406-0412
INT-0410
Bie, I. (A.B. Skanska Cementgjuteriet). In-
cinerator for various types of material, for
example refuse. Switzerland 431,787; filed
July 15, 1964; issued Sept. 15, 1967.

An incinerator for burning various substances
features an inclined chute, with fireproof
sides, bounded at its lower end by a vertical
front wall provided with a door. A grate,
with the same slope as the chute, is situated
on the underside of the chute. Underneath
this grate is a second, horizontal grate that
can be vibrated. The outlet duct for the
incineration products is situated underneath
the top grate, and is on a slope. A filling
entrance is situated at the top of the chute,
above a screening device. A vertical chimney
is built into the top of the chute, which has
two built-in ducts for bringing preheated air
into the chute. (Text in German)
INT-0411
Giese, H. J. (Gebr. Froling), Procedure for
continuous incineration of waste by means of
small incinerators. Switzerland 432,705; filed
Mar. 8, 1965; issued Sept. 15, 1967.

In the continuous incineration of waste by
small incinerators, the charge is introduced
into the combustion chamber through a chute,
having been predried and prefragmented by a
motor-driven device. The gases of combustion
are conducted through a hot firewall with air
vents, and through a postcombustion chamber
where they are completely burned. The filling
chute is water-cooled. A funnel for collection
of ashes is located under the grate, and space
is allowed for the placement of an ash can
under this grate. An oil or gas burner can
be mounted over the water-cooled grate, for
which a muffle is supplied. (Test in German)
INT-0412
Perret-Gentil, J. Incinerator. Switzerland
432,704; filed Nov. 29, 1965; issued Sept. 15,
1967.

An incinerator that processes many kinds of
waste consists of a rectilinear, hollow case
of sheet metal whose sides are welded to a
supporting frame and fitted with a hinged
metal cover. A removable hearth, in the form
of a chest without top or bottom, is supported
/S
II
-30
153
-------
Incineration
within the case with a space between the
respective walls. The upper sides of the
chest are bent toward the outside to rest
upon the supports of the outer case; the
lower sides are bent inward to form the
support for the grill. The harrow has bars
that are inclined toward the case, and fixed
below the grill. A hinged cover, fitted with
a fireproof casing on its underside, forms a
central grilled duct for smoke removal. A
removable burner in the side of the case is
connected to the compressed gas cylinder by a
flexible tube. (Text in German)
INT-0413
Frank, H. (H. R. Heinicke G.m.b.H.). Refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,250,586; filed Apr.
14, 1964; issued Sept. 21, 1967.

An oven burns refuse by means of a gas or fuel
burner. The flame is in direct contact with
the combustion chamber and the afterburning
area, for purposes of heating and treating the
gases of combustion. The burner flames are
first led into the afterburning area and then
into the combustion chamber, which receives
the waste. The flames are led into the after-
burning area by a duct whose walls are solid
(for the indirect heating of the gases of com-
bustion); then, by means of vent holes in the
duct, direct flames contact the refuse for
burning. (Text in German)
E —
INT-0414
Reilly, B. B. A method of controlling the
combustion of refuse in an incinerator, and an
incinerator for carrying out the method.
Great Britain 1,084,970; filed June 11, 1965;
issued Sept. 27, 1967.

An incinerator with a grate is first operated
with an updraft through the entire area of the
grate and subsequently , with an updraft through
only a section of the grate. Combustion gases
are drawn downward through another part of the
grate to mix with the combustion air flowing
through the first section. The grate has a
combustion space above it, with two windboxes
beneath. Combustion air can be selectively
supplied to both windboxes, or to the first
only. A mechanism is provided for withdrawing
combustion gases through the second windbox,
and supplying these gases to the first.
INT-0415
Bauer, H. (Von Roll A.G.). Mechanical wet-
slagging in incinerators especially selected
for burning refuse. Switzerland 434,540;
filed Dec. 8, 1965; issued Oct. 14, 1967.

An incinerator especially designed for burning
refuse makes use of mechanical wet-slagging,
and includes a bath in which water is kept at
a constant level. The bath is set into the
framework at an angle, so the slag will drop
to the bottom, and it is equipped with sprocket
wheels over which a chain runs continuously
Sb
154
-------
0413-0419
inside the bath. The slag is introduced into
the water through a funnel which lies directly
over a side of the slanting bath. On the
sidewalls of the bath, several filling funnels
may be included. By continuously running the
chain in one direction only, the problem of
the slag sticking to the chain is avoided,
since the chain is washed by the upper level
of the water. (Text in German)
INT-0416
Rausch, H., F. Cappel, and H. Korth
(Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft).
Procedure for improving performance of waste
processing by incineration and sinter forma-
tion. Switzerland 435,164; filed July 31,
1964; issued Oct. 31, 1967.

A procedure for improving waste incineration
by means of burning and sinter formation
includes putting the smaller particles of the
refuse (below 5 mm) through a sieve before
burning. These are subsequently mixed with
the fragmented slag of the burned larger par-
ticles of the refuse. The mixture increases
the quantities of refuse processed, and some
of the exhaust gases are incorporated in the
sinter machine procedure. (Text in German)
INT-0417
(Luxaire Incorporated). Grease incinerator.
Great Britain 1,091,509; filed May 24, 1966;
issued Nov. 15, 1967.

A grease vapor incinerator comprises a housing
through which air, in which grease particles
V.
are suspended, is passed. The housing has
inlet and outlet openings. Baffle and duct
portions in the housing define an annular
chamber between the openings. The power fan
in the duct, which moves the air fron1 the inlet
through the annular chamber toward the outlet,
imparts a circular motion to the air in the
annular chamber. There is also a portion which
has a heatable cylindrical surface, positioned
coaxially within the annular chamber to
incinerate grease particles in the air passing
through the chamber and impinging on the
cylindrical surface.

INT-0418
Javorski, B. S. (Aktiebolaget Celleco).
Procedure and preparation for destructive
incineration of highly contaminated waste
products. Switzerland 439,559; filed Oct. 22,
1965; issued Dec. 29, 1967.

A procedure for the destructive combustion of
highly contaminated waste products begins by
subjecting these products to almost complete
combustion by the use of high pressure in an
oven's whirlpool chamber. The combustion
gases are subjected to temperatures exceeding
the sinter formation temperatures of the
contaminants. A filter layer is provided for
the separation of the gross fireproof particles,
which are deposited on the filter with the
contaminants. The combustion in the whirlpool
chamber, aided by accessory flammable fuel, is
effected t>y the use of small quantities of
waste products, and by maintaining a surplus
pressure in the whirlpool chamber of at least
200 mm water. The combustion must be carried
out so that the temperature of the combustion
gases is at least 1 ,000 C. (Text in German)
n
1 2
INT-0419
Rudmann, F. (Gebruder Sulzer, A.G.). Refuse
incinerator. Switzerland 440,528; filed
June 10, 1965; issued Dec. 29, 1967.

An incinerator for burning refuse includes
walls covered with cooling pipes that enclose
155
-------
Incineration
a vaporizing chamber. When refuse is burned,
the water vaporizes in the pipes. The vapor
collects in the chamber, and is conveyed to
another system of cooling pipes, so condensa-
tion occurs. The reverse cooling cycle is
separate from the vaporizing chamber, and is
effected by a servomechanism. (Text in
German)
INT-0420
Studer, R. (Von Roll A.G.). Oven for burning
solid, viscous and fluid waste. Switzerland
440,526; filed July 22, 1966; issued Dec. 29,
1967.

An oven for burning solid, viscous, and fluid
waste material consists of a cylindrical chambe.
and a front opening for introduction of mater-
ial, both lined with sheet steel. The body
of the oven is tubelike in appearance, and
is mounted on rollers. A shaking device can
be regulated according to the amplitude and
frequency required. The structure is covered
with fireproof material on the outside. The
shaker is constructed so that its rear end
fits into a fireproof chamber for receiving
the combustion products. The air vents,
placed in the center of the upper part of the
shaker when it is in the mid-position, may be
regulated. The front part of the oven body
is attached, and when closed, is sealed tightly.
(Text in German)
INT-0421
(American Design and Development). Incin-
erator. Great Britain 1,097,340; filed Mar.
15, 1966; issued Jan. 3, 1968.

A method of disposing of waste includes
charging the material into a cylindrical stack
at or' above a combustion zone maintained in
its lower portion. Combustion air is intro-
duced into the zone through circumferentially
arranged air nozzles. Screening is provided
in the upper portion of the stack for trapping
the finer products resulting from combustion,
and for returning the trapped unconsumed matter
and hot gases from the upper portion of the
stack, to the combustion zone. The incinerator
comprises the stack, the upper section of
which is constituted by fine mesh screens with
multisided vertical sections, with a top
screen-enclosing section for trapping larger
particles of fly ash. A return bypass duct
is positioned above the screen enclosure. It
extends downward outside the stack, and into
a forced draft fan to return of fly ash and
hot gases into the lower combustion area.
1
3
156
-------
0420-0425
INT-0422
Martin, J. J. Chutes for processing refuse.
Switzerland 441,597; filed May 13, 1966; issued
Jan. 15, 1968.

A chute for processing refuse, particularly for
incineration, features variousLy inclined slide
surfaces, and one with a flat rebound plate
installed in its angle of inclination. Beneath
this rebound plate is a dust removal device and
a shutoff valve that regulates the chute. The
dust chamber is screened from the chute by a
filter, or grating plate. The rebound plate
can be vibrated. (Text in German)
I I 11 \ \ \
-15
5
INT-0423
Miller, B. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation).
Waste disposer. Canada 776,945; filed Feb. 13,
1965; issued Jan. 30, 1968.

This electrical device disposes of waste mater-
ials such as trash, garbage, and other material
ordinarily gathered and set aside for collection.
The unit may be positioned among other conven-
tional household units, such as clothes washers
and dryers, and it requires no more hot gas
disposal means than a piece of plastic tubing
such as that required by clothes dryers. The
odorless gaseous product of combustion is less
than 200 F in temperature, and is disposed
through the tubing to avoid overheating the
room. A supply of fresh air is piped into the
combustion chamber, and a vent is provided
to exhaust the products of combustion. A
temperature of 1,500 F has been found to be
sufficient to eliminate smoke and odor. A
device applies pressure to the top of the mass
of the waste material in the trash bin which
surmounts the combustion chamber. A minimum
of ash remains.
INT-0424
Pfieffer, H., and K. Apelt (Dr. Schmitz and
Apelt, Industrieofenbau G.m.b.H.). Refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,260,069; filed Sept.
26, 1963; issued Feb. 1, 1968.

This incinerator incorporates a rotary drum
receiving the charge at one end. The waste
is continuously progressed to the other end,
which comprises drying and combustion sections.
Air is supplied to both ends of the drum in
parallel flow in the charge end, and in
counterflow to the discharge end. Air is also
supplied to the externally open transition
zone between the two drum sections. The charge
section, which is exposed to gas circulation,
lies in the aftercombustion chamber, leading
to the stack, to which flow both drying and
combustion gases through the transition zone
between the drums. (Text in German)
21
13 —
17
INT-0425
Kremer, H. (Vereinigte Kesselwerke A.G.).
Rubbish burning system. Germany 1,260,665;
filed May 23, 1967; issued Feb. 8, 1968.

A rubbish-burning system has a roller grate
with a grate covering. The covering has rods
arranged differently, to correspond to the
differing resistance of the burning layer.
Thus, the largest area of resistance of the
157
-------
Incineration
burning layer meets with a large free surface,
and the smaller area of resistance with a
smaller free grating area. (Text in German)
INT-0426
Rummel, R. (Von Roll A.G.). A process and an
apparatus for the combustion of solid wastes.
Great Britain 1,104,605; filed May 6, 1966;
issued Feb. 28, 1968.

A process for the combustion of solid waste
comprises passing the waste through a pre-
heating chamber. The hot waste is then
delivered to a circular conveyor in such a way
that it is distributed around an inside wall
of a fusion chamber, so that it falls down
the sidewall. This supplies a combustion —
supporting agent at high speed to the fusion
chamber, via at least some of the nozzles
arranged around the inside of the wall, and
projecting into the fusion chamber through
the falling waste. In this way, the combust-
ible components are burned with considerable
turbulence, and the incombustible components
are fused and melted. This removes from the
fusion chamber the molten components and the
gases, and recovers heat from the gases. An
apparatus for this combustion includes: the
heating chamber, in which the waste is passed
for heating; the circular conveyor that
receives the heated waste from the heating
chamber; and nozzles arranged around the
inside of the sidewall to project into the
fusion chamber. A mechanism is provided for
removing the molten components from the fusion
chamber, and there is a duct for leading the
gases from the chamber. A heat recovery
mechanism connected downstream of the duct
recovers heat from the gases. (See also
Switzerland 432,703)

INT-0427
Reusser, P. U. Blast furnace for incineration
for sweepings or sweepings and sludge.
Switzerland 445,705; filed Sept. 3, 1965;
issued Feb. 29, 1968.

A blast furnace constructed to burn both
sludge and sweepings overcomes the limitation
of the size of cross section of the combustion
chamber. Air ventilation is furnished by an
overhead movable pipe which can also act as a
stirrer, and which connects to a central area
of the chamber. In addition, air inlets are
provided around the outside of the oven near
the adjustable fuel injectors. These inlets
may be adjusted so that air is ejected in only
one position of the axis. Air supply is auto-
matically pressure dependent, and can be also
supplied at the bottom of the oven through a
closable disc. (Text in German)
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158
-------
0426-0430
INT-0428
Schoppe, F. Incinerator. Germany 1,263,214;
filed June 8, 1962; issued Mar. 14, 1968.

This incinerator, which burns solid refuse,
incorporates a frustoconical drum section,
with the base open for the waste, and a cone
angle of 90 to 120 degrees. The axis of
rotation is angled so the lower outline of the
cone is horizontal, or inclined slightly down-
ward. The feed for combustion air issues into
a section of the drum in which a movement of
waste is produced by the rotation of the
cone-shaped drum. (Text in German)
37 13
26'
32-
IS'
INT-0429
Vollmann, J. (Eisenwerke Fried. Wilh. Dueker
G.m.b.H. and Company). Roller for grates
used primarily for incineration of refuse.
Switzerland 452,767; filed Oct. 21, 1965;
issued Mar. 15, 1968.

A hollow, cylindrical roller shell is provided
with grate openings for the passage of combus-
tion air from the interior of the roller to
the layer of burning material. The grate
openings of the roller shell are perforations,
distributed over its surface. These are pro-
vided with cover strips located at a certain

r^1

distance from the perforations which prevent
entry of pieces of the burning material. The
ends of each strip lie at the ends of the
perforation it covers, and arch outward. The
grate openings may be rectangular, about 35 mm
wide, about TOO mm long and may be spaced
about 200 mm between centers, on about 35-mm-
wide circumferential bands. The openings are
staggered on successive circumferential
bands, which are spaced about 100 mm apart.
(Text in German)
JT- -I
INT-0430
Holstein, R., and H. Voigt (Haniel and Lueg
G.m.b.H.). Waste combustion grate.
Switzerland 454,334; filed Mar. 15, 1967;
issued Apr. 15, 1968.

This waste combustion grate is formed of
grate segments pivoted on transverse axes ,
alternating with bridging segments which
159
-------
Incineration
"yield elastically in a direction opposite to
the direction of travel of the burning
material. These bridging segments are sub-
divided in the transverse direction into
several independently mounted sections. (See
also Switzerland 454,334; 454,333, and
447,452, Great Britain 1,149,548, and
1,144,292, and Germany 1,301,420) (Text in
German)
lNT-0431
lacobovici, T. (Von Roll A.G.). Combined
combustion plant for litter and sewage sludge.
Switzerland 455,123; filed June 15, 1967;
issued Apr. 30, 1968.

This combined combustion plant consists of a
furnace for litter and a story furnace for
sewage sludge. Both furnaces are coupled
energetically by leading the hot flue gas
from the litter furnace into the story fur-
nace, to be used as a source of heat for the
combustion of sludge. The flue gas outlet
from the litter combustion furnace and the
flue gas inlet into the sludge furnace are
located on the same level, and are connected
by a short, straight, and approximately
horizontal duct. (Text in German)
INT-0432
Tanner, R. (Von Roll A.G.). Combustion furnace
for low grade fuels; refuse, for example.
Switzerland 455,122; filed Dec. 3, 1964;
issued Apr. 30, 1968.

A heat exchanger lies in the path of the flue
gas of the furnace, and it is traversed by a
coolant. A second heat exchanger, located
outside the furnace, serves as a cooler for
the spent coolant. For direct utilization
of at least a part of the heat generated, an
additional heat exchanger is located outside
the furnace. For greater efficiency of heat
transfer, the heat exchangers inside and
outside match the nominal yield of the furnace.
Both the original closed circuit and the
secondary circuit of the additional heat
exchanger are provided with flow-control
valves, whose setting is automatically adjusted
on the basis of the current heat supply and
demand. (See also Switzerland 428,068,
436,545, 452,093, 455,122; Great Britain
975,344, 1,052,177, 1,165,349; Germany
1,291,046; and Canada 787,139) (Text in
German "I
INT-0433
Nordstedt, H. J., and L. F. Delin (Aktiebolaget
Hakanssons Industrier). Electrical toilet.
Switzerland 456,014; filed July 5, 1966;
issued May 15, 1968.

This electrical toilet incorporates a combus-
tion chamber heated by an electric heating
element; an electrically driven blower; a
switch provided with a coil located between
the terminals of a current source and the
heating element; thermostatically controlled,
preset circuit breakers responding to the
combustion temperature; and an activating
contact. Human excrement is reduced to
gases and a sterile, bacteria-free ash.
Provisions are included to prevent any
possibility of discomfort or injury from the
160
-------
0431-0435
heat generated in the combustion chamber.
(Text in German)
- '9
46
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INT-0435
Wiedermann, W. Rotary refuse incinerator.
Germany 1,270,728; filed Dec. 19, 1963; issued
June 20, 1968.

A rotary refuse incinerator is lined with
fiber bricks joined by tongue and grooved
joints. The bricks have boundary faces which
are inclined in the direction of the charge
motion. A projection located between two
adjacent rows of bricks extends over approxi-
mately the entire periphery of the lining to
block the movement of the charge. (Text in
German)
V ' " ".'I ^
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51
I
50
INT-0434
Malmberg, M. (Badische Anilin-and Soda-Fabrik
Aktiengesellschaft), Refuse incinerator.
Germany 1,270,727; filed Aug. 31, 1963; issued
June 20, 1968.

This rotary-type incinerator has a stepped
section of different diameters. There are
air inlets along the walls of the incinerator.
Individual kiln sections have overlapping
gaps for this purpose also. On their discharge
ends, facing the combustion space, these gaps
are bounded by conical surfaces enclosing an
acute angle with the kiln axis. This angle
varies over the periphery of the gap. (Text
in German)
121
161
-------
Incineration
INT-0436
Brola, G. (Societe Anonyme Generale Thermique),
Incinerator for domestic or industrial refuse.
Switzerland 458,597; filed May 2, 1967;
issued June 30, 1968.

This incinerator comprises: a stationary,
double-walled cylindrical housing; a cage
formed by a cylindrical array of parallel
tubes, which is coaxial with the housing and
capable of rotating about the common axis;
an electric motor for driving the cage; and
a suction fan for drawing combustion gas
toward the chimney. The housing is provided
with apertures for admission of outside air
into the double wall of the housing, the
tubes forming the cage, and the combustion
space. The flow of cooling air and the
combustion can be controlled independently
of each other. Radial, inward-facing blades
or tube segments are attached to the tubes
forming the cage and are interconnected by
plate segments in a helical arrangement. As
the burning refuse is continually pushed
toward the axis of the cage by the helically
arranged plate segments, each tube segment
delivers additional air. (Text in French)
INT 0437
Jess, J. (H. von Aulock). Furnace for burning
rubbish and refuse. Great Britain 1,118,855;
filed Apr. 22, 1966- issued July 3, 1968.

This refuse incinerator has a main ignition
burner and a grate for the main combustion
chamber. A device is provided for supplying
air to the main chamber. There is also an
afterburner arrangement at the side of the
main chamber; the two are separated by a wall
which has openings for passage of the combus-
tion gases. The afterburner is divided into
two side-by-bide chambers by a partition which
also has openings for passage of the combustion
gases. There are auxiliary ignition burners
for each of these chambers. There is also a
waste-gas exit and a catalyst bed to which
the combustion gases are exposed as they pass
through the openings in the separating wall
or partition. The air-supply device for the
main chamber includes an air inlet pipe,
which extends through the two divisions of the
afterburner and opens into the main chamber
below the grate.
INT-0438
Ernst, T., and H. F. Stauffer (Disposa A.G.).
Refuse combustion plant. Switzerland
459,438; filed Feb. 2, 1967; issued July 15,
1968.
\\\
162
-------
0436-0441
This refuse combustion plant has a firebox
which is surrounded by a truncated, cone-shaped
jacket. This jacket has inlet openings for
secondary air and dust extraction equipment.
A supporting walkway platform, provided above
the jacket, is structurally independent of and
not in contact with it. Each dust extractor
is equipped with an individual fan which draws
the combustion gases from the firebox through
an individual coarse sieve. This sieve forms
a part of the central section of the platform.
If dry dust extractors are used, one is
mounted on the platform and a second one, in
series with the first, is placed near the
ground. If wet dust extractors are used, two
are mounted symmetrically on the platform to
work in parallel with one another. (Text in
German)

INT-0439
Moores, P. C. L. (Pemberton and Sturgess
Limited). Incinerators. Australia 284,697;
filed Sept. 26, 1963; issued July 26, 1968.

This incinerator comprises a. combustion
chamber that is shaped so that material placed
within it will move toward a combustion zone.
In this zone, the material is ignited by
streams of hot air which are directed at the
material through nozzles. A fan, a blower,
or the like draws the gaseous effluent away
from the combustion zone without passing it
through the unburned material. The gaseous
effluent is heated to remove any carbonaceous
or smoke-producing substances.
INT-0440
Mueckenheim, H. (Von Roll A.G.). Equipment
for charging of rotary-type drum furnaces
for combustion of semiliquid wastes. Switzerland
460,228; filed Nov. 28, 1967; issued July 31,
1968.

The equipment consists of a stationary,
circular hopper provided with a disc capable
of rotating in its own plane about a vertical
axis. The hopper is equipped with a motor
drive and a horizontal conveyor. The conveyor
extends through the sidewall of the hopper
to the inlet chute of the rotary-drum furnace.
The circular disc in the hopper may be heated.
The speeds of rotation of the circular disc
and the conveyor are adjustable independently
of each other. (Text in German)
INT-0441
Jess, J. (H. von Aulock), Device for feeding
a rubbish or refuse burning furnace. Great
Britain 1,124,399; filed Apr. 22, 1966;
issued Aug. 21, 1968.

In a device for feeding material to a refuse-
burning furnace, a single feed screw, which
is horizontally arranged, feeds the material
to be burned from an input opening to a
discharge opening. Material is discharged
through the latter opening into the combustion
chamber of the furnace. Within the furnace is
a housing which surrounds the screw, A vertical
cross section of tne housing shows increases
in width and in height from the lowest point,
where it conforms in shape with the normal
play of the screw. The width and height both
increase up to at least 1.25 times the diameter
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Incineration
of the screw. There is a feed-disrupting
mechanism rigidly mounted on the output end
of the screw above the discharge opening of
the combustion chamber, tu cooperate WJ.LU
the screw in effecting the discharge.
located below and/or above this disc. One
end of the waste gas pipe is connected to a
pump which draws combustion gases into a
plenum, which is, in turn, connected to a
chimney. (Text in German)
INT-0442
Sundberg, H. M. Toilet with combustion
device. Switzerland 461,688; filed Sept.
20, 1967; issued Aug. 31, 1968.

The combustion device is located in a
stationary hood which is open at the bottom.
The hood functions as a secondary combustion
chamber; it has an inlet duct for admitting
air and an outlet duct for discharging the
combustion gas. Either of two containers
can be moved from the charging position to
the combustion position. In the combustion
position, the top opening is aligned with
the bottom opening of the hood. The latter
is covered by at least one perforated
ceramic disc. An electric heating element is
INT-0443
Coder, R. Incinerator. Canada 793,590;
filed Dec. 9, 1966; issued Sept. 3, 1968.

This refuse incinerator assembly for a
multistory building includes a primary combus-
tion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber,
and a precipitator chamber. The primary
164
-------
0442-0445
chamber has a grate assembly foi supporting
refuse, a materials charging opening, and fuel
and air supply devices. A wall extends from the
floor of the incinerator and terminates below
the roof, separating the primarj' chamber from
the secondary chamber. A second wall, that
extends continuously from the floor to the
roof, separates the secondary chamber from
the precipitator chamber, except where there
are openings to provide for the passage of
high-velocity gases. The gases slow down and
drop particles from suspension into the pre-
cipitator chamber, before being discharged
INT-0444
Hennecke, H. (Deutsche Babcock und Wilcox-
Dampfkessel-Werke-Aktiengesellschaft). Refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,277,502; filed Jan.
2, 1962; issued Sept. 12, 1968.

This incinerator has several individual grates.
through a stack. A charging chute extends
continuously from the incinerator through
each story of the building and has an opening
at each story where waste materials are
introduced. At the combustion end, which is
offset from the materials charging opening of
the incinerator roof, the chute has a discharge
opening. A movable charging hopper in its
first position can receive materials from the
combustion end of the chute. When the hopper
is operated, it moves to another position and
discharges the waste into the charging opening
in the incinerator.
Each grate is individually regulated and
supplied with combustion air from beneath.
The first travelling grate is preceded by a
controlled output conveyor table, also forming
the seal to the bunker shaft base. The cross
section of this base increases uniformly
downwards. (Text in German)
INT-0445
Nihot, C., E. R. Nihot, and P. A. H.
Saueressig. Furnace with a vertical
combustion space for burning fibrous waste
products. Great Britain 1,131,169; filed
May 16, 1967; issued Oct. 23, 1968.

This furnace is characterized by a vertical
combustion space to which the waste products
are circumferentially supplied by air. This
air also serves as combustion air. The combus-
tion gases produced are carried off, upward
from the combustion space, through a cyclone
separator. A jacket is arranged around the
combustion space; the air to be heated is
supplied to the jacket space and removed from
above the combustion space. This is accomplished
by means of a heat exchanger formed by a number
of flue gas pipes which connect to the combustion
space at their bottom ends; their upper ends lead
165
-------
Incineration

to a flue gas compartment which is connected to
the cyclone separator.
INT-0446
Palme, S. L., N. I. Westin, and B. I. Fridh
(Bjoerklund and Vedin N.V.). Refuse incinera-
tor. Switzerland 467,433; filed Nov. 15, 1967;
issued Jan. 15, 1969.

This refuse incinerator has a combustion
chamber enclosed by outside walls, a dust
collector and a flue gas blower. It has two
grates installed one above each other.
Between the combustion chamber and the dust
collector there is a cooling chamber for
the combustion gases. Air and combustion
gases are conducted via different paths
through the incinerator. Due to the fact
that no cooling air is required for the
flue gases, the flue gas blower and the
dust collector are rather small-dimensioned.
The grates consist of pipes connected to a
source of compressed air. The pipes of
the lower grate are connected by bars.
Through air vents in the pipes an air flow
is directed toward those bars. The lower
grate is attached to a shaking device.
Between the lower grate and the heat bed,
a pipe is connected to a blower whose intake
side is connected with the lower part of
the dust collector. The combustion chamber
consists of two sections. It is walled by
outside walls with guideways on the inner
side for fastening the refractory lining.
The space between lining and wall is filled
with insulating material to which some binding
agent may be added to give it some body. The
refuse enters the incinerator via a hopper.
The incinerator is well-suited for burning
even wet refuse completely and without an
auxiliary oil burner. The ash is discharged
by a screw conveyor. The temperature in the
combustion chamber is 800 C. The flue gases
are cooled to 400 C before they enter the
dust collector. (Text in German)

166
-------
0446-0450
INT-0447
Funahashi, K. Sealing device for stoker to
change heat load in combustion. Japan
44-2,158; filed Oct. 26, 1965; issued Jan.
29, 1969.

A device to adjust the combustion heat load
within the incinerator by radiation and
convection currents consists of a mechanism
to change the slant of a stoker placed
below the main stoker. A sealing mechanism
attached to the end of the slanting stoker
prevents the flow of cold air into the
incinerator from the back of the stoker. The
sealing bar is placed at the top of the
incinerator; below is the hollow sealing board
which expands at the bottom where it is inserted
into a water tank. When the sealing rod moves,
the slanted stoker also moves so that it is
always in contact with the fixed stoker above.
This movement changes the heat conditions
within the incinerator. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0448
(Generale Thermique). Improvements in or
relating to domestic or industrial refuse
incinerators. Great Britain 1,141,562;
filed May 4, 1967; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

In order to burn wet refuse or dry compacted
refuse, it is necessary to continuously stir
the refuse so as to aerate it. The incinerator
which is described consists of: a burner; a
rigid body; a rotatable grid which is comprised
of tubes arranged in the manner of a cylindrical
annulus to define a combustion zone; means for
rotating the grid; and means for circulating
cooling air within the tubes of the grid. When
the grid turns, the elongated members raise the
refuse to the periphery of the grid and thus play
the part of a fork stirring the refuse
continuously.
INT-0449
Hiraoka, H. Incinerator. Japan 44-2,156;
filed Sept. 7, 1965; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

An incinerator is equipped with a combustion
chamber, a stoker, a conveyor to remove ash,
and a smoke duct for exhaust gas. The refuse,
which is stored in a pit, is dumped into the
hopper by a crane bucket. Rotation of a teeth-
shaped roller conveyor separates it according
to size. The smaller-sized refuse drops
through the gap of the roller onto the drying
apron conveyor. The bulkier refuse falls to
the end of the combustion stoker. The smaller
material is then dropped on top. Two layers
of flame are used in the incineration stoker,
the top one is smaller, and the lower one is
larger. Unburned refuse is sent to the after-
burner chamber to be burned by heated air
provided by tubes on the sidewall of the
chamber. The gases from the combustion chamber
and the afterburner are routed to the drying
area before exiting through a smoke duct to
the reburnlng chamber, where odor is eliminated.
The exhaust is then discharged by means of a
blower. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0450
Hiroe, S. Device to stir and transmit
garbage for drying or for combustion. Japan
44-2,159; filed Oct. 28, 1965; issued Jan.
29, 1969.

Burning and drying garbage is much more
thorough when the garbage is stirred and
smoothed to an even thickness. Several
167
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Incineration
drums, each with a flexible-chain fire grid,
are placed as steps in a series. As they
alternately rotate in opposite directions,
they stir the garbage and maintain an even
depth, while transporting it down the series.
The fire grids are chained together so that
they do not interfere with one another. Air
cylinders at both sides of the drums form
an air supply circuit with pistons. When
the drum moves counterclockwise, the upper
layer of garbage moves forward and the lower
layer moves backward. The opposite occurs
when the drum rotates clockwise. The revolu-
tion is usually limited to 180 degrees, but
can be adjusted. (Text in Japanese)
y////////////.
n
the first solves this problem. The wall of
the incinerator at the bottom of the step-type
stoker slants downward from the sidewalls; the
tip of the stoker is covered at the bottom.
Water is jetted from holes in the incinerator
walls to clean the stokers and the walls. If
necessary, the water can be used to extinguish
the combustion chamber. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0452
Yamada, M. (Kawasaki Heavy Industry Company).
Incinerator. Japan 44-2,151; filed May 10,
1965; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

An incinerator is improved by providing a
drying fire grid and a combustion fire grid,
and by making the combustion gas flow in an
opposite1direction of the garbage entering
the incinerator. If the steam generated
while the garbage is drying goes into the
combustion chamber, it cools the combustion
gas, and obstructs the speed of combustion.
If the gas flows in the opposite direction of
the incoming garbage, it provides drying heat,
and the temperature of the gas in the combus-
tion chamber is not lowered. When the organic
material is heated to about 700 C, it is
broken down and no obnoxious odor is produced.
In the incineration grid, the air is directed
upward, and in the drying grid, the gas goes
downward. At the bottom of the drying grid is
a supplementary combustion device. When the
temperature of the gas in the incineration
chamber is checked, it may be used, if
necessary. The heat can be recovered by the
air-preheater, and as air temperature goes
up, it can be fed back to the incineration
chamber. (See also Japan 44-2,153 and
44-19,238) (Text in Japanese)
INT-0451
Makita, K., and A. Kamimoto (Hitachi, Ltd.).
Incinerator. Japan 44-2,149; filed Nov. 30,
1964; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

Garbage incinerators, using step-type stokers,
often must be stopped to allow the removal
of piles of earth and sand from the bottom
of the incinerator which have fallen from
the stoker. A second stoker placed below
n
INT-0453
Heinz, E., and W. Heinz (Haniel and Lueg
G.m.b.H.). Fluidized bed furnace for the
incineration of sewage sludge. Germany
1,288,277; filed Mar. 19, 1963; issued Jan.
30, 1969.

A fluidized bed furnace for the incineration
of sewage sludge, which has been predried
168
-------
0451-0455
in a press or filter, is characterized by a
pipe for charging the sludge. The pipe begins
at the top of the furnace and projects deeply
into the combustion chamber, terminating 1
m above the fludized bed. The length of
this pipe can be varied. The sludge is dried
on its way through the pipe, and the developing
the incinerator, a nonrotating plate is
installed perpendicular to the direction of
the movement. It has a scraper edge on one
side, and a tined edge on the other. The
device pivots in a vertical plane. A power
drive is installed to move the device. A
guide block supports the device and holds
the pivot for rotational movement. (Text
in German)
odorous gases are burned in the combustion
chamber. An illustration of the furnace is
given for a capacity of 1 ,000 kg of sludge per
hr. The sludge has a water content of 65
percent, and ash content of 16.3 percent; 18.7
percent of the sludge is combustible substance
and it has a lower heating value of 710 kcal
per kg. The furnace comprises a cylindrical
combustion chamber with a ceramic lining. It
has a diameter of 1.20 m and a length of 1.70
m. At the bottom it narrows into a cylinder
of 0.8-m diameter and 80-cm length. In the
second cylinder there are air nozzles through
which the preheated (370 C) air is injected.
This keeps the 30- to 80-cm layer of ceramic
grains in suspension. Two auxiliary oil
burners are installed in the furnace.
The temperature above the fluidized bed is
550 to 950 C. (Text in German)

INT-0454
Schumann, W. (Polyma Maschinenbau Dr.
Appelhans G.m.b.H.). Device for de-ashing
and de-slagging a refuse incinerator.
Germany 1,289,234; filed Jun. 27, 1967;
issued Feb. 13, 1969.

A de-ashing and deslagging device for a
refuse incinerator consists of a horizontally
reciprocating section which can also rotate
about its long axis. At the end which enters
INT-0455
Auchter, E. (Vereinigte Kesselwerke A.G.).
Feed chute for charging device of a refuse
incinerator. Germany 1,289,233; filed Dec. 7,
1966; issued Feb. 13, 1969.

A refuse incinerator feed chute incorporates
a guide plate with curved discharge edges.
The chute is expanded to a larger volume in
the region of this guide plate. (Text in
German)
169
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Incineration
IIMT-0456
Wernheim, S. 0. (Licentia, Ekman, and Brundin)
Refuse incinerator. Germany 1,289,232; filed
Jan. 22, 1963; issued Feb. 13, 1969.

This incinerator has a refractory insulated
refuse shaft, a high calorific value fuel
shaft, and grates and ash boxes. Gases and
vapors from burning refuse pass through the
fuel bed into the fuel shaft. The fuel shaft
has a secondary air supply via a connnection
between the top of the refuse shaft and the
fuel shaft ash box. In the space above the
refuse bed, extraction openings for smoke
are provided in a partition leading to the
fuel box. This partition passes through the
fuel bed to a flue gas duct in the upper
part of the fuel combustor. (Text in German)
INT-0457
Adrian, F. (Duerrwerke A.G.). Refuse
incinerator combined with a pulverized coal
fired boiler for maximum pressure and
temperature. Germany 1,289,938; filed Mar.
26, 1966; issued Feb. 27, 1969.

A refuse incinerator, combined with a maximum
pressure and temperature pulverized-fuel-fired
boiler, allows incinerator gases to enter the
PF combustion chamber. The combustion chamber
cooling walls for the refuse chamber and PF
combustion chamber are formed from the tubes
of an intermediate-pressure evaporator. The
cooling walls of the connected radiation
section are formed from the tubes of a
maximum-pressure evaporator. Gases from the
refuse combustion chamber issue into the
bottom end of the vertical PF combustion cham-
ber. (Text in German)
170
-------
0456-0460
INT-0458
Matteini, S, Improvements in or relating to
incinerators. Great Britain 1,144,403;
filed Feb. 1, 1967; issued Mar. 5, 1969.

A rotary trash incinerator consists of: a
tubular body which allows rotation in opposite
directions about a substantially horizontal
axis; a stationary end member having a
loading hopper; an unloading door; and a
smoke draft device. The tubular body has
internal helical projections for distributing
trash. An outer shell surrounds a perforated
portion of the tubular body, remote from the
end member, and forms a chamber. A burner
extends into the chamber to initiate combustion
of trash. Depending on the composition of a
load of material, the burner may be required
to burn continuously to ensure complete com-
bustion. It may alternately be quenched after
initial combustion if the material is of
such composition as to sustain combustion.
(See also Switzerland 422,206 and Great Britain
1 ,104,232)
m
on the chain belt is constant. Combustion
time is cut in half when this system is used.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0459
Fujimori, M. Method of helping combustion
in incinerator and its device. Japan 44-6,360;
filed Dec. 3, 1965; issued Mar. 18, 1969.

A method of assisting combustion has three
steps: utilization of the sidewall of the
incinerator; supply of the material to be
burned; and application of mechanical stirring
action. A movable vertical chain belt runs
along the inside of the backwall of the
incinerator. An air supply pipe opens at
the point where the chain belt is fixed. An
adequate draft is therefore supplied. When
the garbage carried by the conveyor falls into
the drying chamber, the burner flame evaporates
its moisture. The steam is removed through
a passageway. As the garbage moves into the
incineration chamber, it is ignited. The
chain belt, which moves with the rotation of
an offcenter cam, causes stirring of the
garbage. Two cams are used, and the tension
INT-0460
Sato, Y. Garbage incinerator. Japan 44-6,359;
filed Nov. 24, 1965; issued Mar. 18, 1969.
171
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Incineration
An incinerator, which dries garbage with the
heat generated by burning material, consists
of a combustion chamber separated from its
outer shell. A loading portal and an opening
to admit air are at the top of the incinerator.
The fire grid is in the lower portion of the
chamber. Smoke is collected in a duct and
then released to the atmosphere through an
exhaust pipe. While in the duct, the smoke is
heated so that when it passes near the garbage,
it dries the material. The air that enters
the combustion chamber is preheated because
it passes along the sides before entering at
the top. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0461
Harmer, J. H. E. (Allied Metals Limited).
Improvements in or relating to incinerators.
Great Britain 1,146,727; filed Nov. 13, 1967;
issued Mar. 26, 1969.

The incinerator can be used for destroying
soiled sanitary towels, septic dressings,
germ-laden bandages, cartons, paper, packing
straw, documents, banknotes and filled refuse
bags and sacks. The incinerator consists of
a loading hopper, a safety shield, and a
mechanism for opening and closing the hopper
and automatically actuating the shield. It
has a heavy-duty refractory outer casing and
a heavy, aluminum-coated sheet steel inner
casing. A combustion basket is suspended
in the inner casing. It has electric heating
elements. Beneath the basket is an ash grid,
below which is an ash drawer. The construction
of the internal flue and the chimney spigot
is such that smoke is drawn back through the
ignited materials before it enters the flue
to be mixed with flowing air.
INT-0462
Tanner, R. , T. Tacobovici, and F. Wuethrich
(Von Roll A.G.). Combined incinerator for
simultaneous incineration of rubbish and
sewage sludge. Switzerland 470,632; filed
Apr. 26. 1968; issued Mar- 31, 1969.

A combined incinerator for simultaneous
incineration of rubbish and sewage sludge
consists of two separate combustion chambers.
Mechanical, underfed grates, divided into zones,
are included. It has installations for the
supply of preheated or nonheated primary air
cind/or for recirculation of the flue gases.
The two combustion chambers for rubbish and
sewage sludge are openly connected. They have
a common outlet for flue gases. The combustion
chamber for the incineration of rubbish consists
of a forward stoking grate. The rubbish is
loaded by a crane into the hopper. From here
it falls through a chute onto the grate. The
first section of the grate dries the rubbish
and ignites it. Combustion takes place on the
second section of the grate. The slag falls
into a water tank and is discharged. The
sewage sludge is similarly incinerated. The
same grate system is used. In the first sec-
tion of the grate, the sludge is dried to a
water content of 20 percent. The very hot
combustion gases from the rubbish incineration
are conducted over the predried sludge to
promote its complete incineration. The flue
gases are thereby cooled. The grates of the
two combustion chambers are oppositely oriented,
and installed at different heights in the incin-
erator. The discharging end of the grate for
sludge is approximately above the midpoint of
the grate for rubbish. The thickness of the
sludge layer on the grate can be regulated by
an arhustable ram. CTpvt- in German ">
172
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0461-0465
INT-0463
Hunt, E. T. Improvements in or relating to
garden incinerators. Great Britain 1,147,237;
filed Sept. 7, 1967; issued Apr. 2, 1969.

A garden incinerator consists of: a container
formed from side panels which taper inward and
downward; a fire-support means mounted in the
container; and a final support means attached
to the container. The incinerator is collapsi-
ble for storage. The advantages of including
an ashpan are that the incinerator may be used
on a lawn without causing damage, and the ash
is readily available for use in the garden. A
fire is started in the container with paper,
shavings, waste wood or sticks, and it is fed
with relatively dry material. Refuse is then
placed vertically in the container. The heat
rising from the fire will dry the material
above it, and cause it to lose its rigidity and
fall into the fire.
INT-0464
Syrovatka, Z., and M. Dolezal (Prvni Brnenska
Strojirna, Zavody Klementa Gottwalda, Narodni
Podnik). Improvements in or relating to the
burning of low-grade combustible materials
with a high water and/or ash content. Great
Britain 1,148,056; filed June 16, 1966; issued
Apr. 10, 1969.

A method of burning low-grade combustible
materials with a high water and/or ash content,
such as refuse or garbage, involves feeding
the raw materials down a shaft to a two-part
mechanical grate. The grate consists of a
main grate and a drying grate at the bottom
of the shaft. The flames and combustion
gases flow up the shaft in counterflow to
the combustible materials passing from the
main grate over the drying grate. Part of
the flue gases is supplied below the drying
grate. Efficient predrying and preheating
of the combustible materials is due to the
fact that the refuse, supplied to the drying
grate, has already been partly dried and
carbonized. After the waste falls onto the
drying grate, and drying and carbonization
are completed, ignition and combustion begin.
INT-0465
Martin, J. J., and W. J. Martin. Improvements
in grates. Great Britain 1,148,714; filed
Apr. 29, 1966; issued Apr. 16, 1969.

A grate for a large furnace has successive,
shiftable, stationary, or rotatable grate
elements. These grate bars or grate bar
groups or lead-on plates to slag rollers are
pressed onto underlying or adjacent grate
elements by a force exceeding the sum of their
own weight, and the weight of any load they
support. The grate elements are pulled down-
ward by spring tie rods which are articulated
to the grate elements and engage the grate
bar carriers. The tendency of the free ends
of the grate elements to lift and the tendency
for burning material to pass beneath the grate,
is thus reduced without limiting the necessary
vertical movement at the free ends of the
elements. (See also Germany 1,301,421)
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Incineration
IIMT-0466
(International Alloys Limited). Process and
apparatus for the treatment of metallic
wastes contaminated by volatile or combustible
substances. France 1,569,199; filed June 7,
1968; issued Apr. 21, 1969.

Contaminated shavings or swarf of aluminum
alloys (or other similar wastes) are subjected
to vaporized oil or water, after which combus-
tion is effected. The formation of the vapors
is regulated automatically as the function of
the temperature in the region of combustion.
In an apparatus for carrying out this process,
a feeding device guides the waste material,
through the vapors, to a combustion chamber.
The control device regulates the vapors,
and furnishes hot gases around the combustion
chamber. The feeding device receives waste
from the hopper on a transporter (such as a
rotating table). The control device stops
the production of the vapors if the level
of waste in the hopper falls below the level
of a probe, or if the transporter stops
moving. The control also regulates the fre-
quency and length of vapor production, and the
temperature of combustion. (Text in French)
and fine ash are sucked into the holes of the
trap and poured into the ash-collecting hopper
below. When the control rod is returned to
its original position, the sequence is reversed.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0468
Ono, T., and Y. Hirakawa (Nishi Nihon Sanki
K.K.). Incinerator. Japan 44-9,157; filed
Jan. 22, 1966; issued Apr. 26, 1969.

This incinerator, which allows gradual feeding,
consists of two cylinders equipped with ven-
tilation holes, a fire grid, and smoke-ejecting
holes connected to the smoke-collecting duct.
From the center of the cylinder radiate pipes
inclined downward. The axis at the bottom
of the stirrer-moisture-absorber is inserted
INT-0467
Kazama, H. (Tamagawa Kikai Kinzoku Company).
Device to take out ash from garbage inciner-
ator. Japan 44-9,158; filed Jan. 25, 1966;
issued Apr. 26, 1969.

A device which enables the removal of ash
cleanly and completely consists of an opening
at the bottom of the incinerator which opens
and closes with the dumper. A chute underneath
the opening leads to a trap with a lid, but no
bottom; it also passes by a spray pipe. An
obstacle duct, which sucks in air, surrounds
the exhaust holes drilled in the trap. When
ash collects in the hopper, the operating rod
turns so that the draft duct dumper closes,
shutting off the draft; the cock opens, allow-
ing water to spray out, and the dumper operates
the hopper so that the ash falls through the
chute into the bucket. Water from the spray
extinguishes any burning ashes. Steam, gas,
174
-------
0466-0470
loosely into the fire grid. It is fitted
with umbrella-shaped wheels at the top of the
axis. The wheels are installed at both ends
of horizontal axis, and the vertical axis
transmits motion to them. At the bottom of
the vertical axis is a handle. When the
burner at the bottom is ignited, the smoke
goes through the holes and then the duct,
and is discharged through the chimney. Air
is let in for combustion through the ventila-
tion holes. After complete combustion, ash
falls from the fire grid. With the combustion
heat, the water from the top garbage gradually
becomes steam, and is let out through the
steam ejector. In order to accelerate the
process, the stirrer-moisture-absorber in the
center is rotated and shaken vertically, so
combustion can take place in the chamber
below. The stirrer-moisture-absorber is
cylinder-shaped with holes which absorb
steam from the burnt garbage. (Text in
Japanese)

INT-0469
Tamura, H. (Sank! Kogyo K.K.;. Automatic
stirring type incinerator. Japan 44-9,159;
filed Feb. 9, 1966; issued Apr. 26, 1969.

An automatic, stirring-type incinerator has
a slanting fire grid, whose slanting angle
decreases by stages as it gets farther from
the center of the backwall of the combustion
chamber. The lower part of the grid is bent,
and it touches the horizontal fire grid,
forming a gap which does not receive pressure
from the garbage, which, dumped through the
rear of the horizontal axis, moves the bent
grid up and down to stir the garbage. The
slanting grid dries the garbage, and transmits
it to the horizontal grid. Combustion also
takes place in the gap below the slanted fire
grid so that the entire grid is effectively
used. As the angle of the slanting fire grid
decreases, the garbage falls to both sides of
the walls. It is piled up higher on the sides
than in the center. Combustion is concentrated
in the center, progressing to both sides grad-
ually. Combustion can be controlled xn this
way. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0470
Uemoto, A., and Makita, K. (Hitachi, Ltd.,
and Babcock Hitachi Company). Incinerator.
Japan 44-9,153; filed Mar. 12, 1965; issued
Apr. 26, 1969.

A series of stokers ensures thorough mixing
and ventilation of garbage so that drying
and combustion are accelerated. Several
stokers running at different speeds cause the
garbage to move backward as well as forward.
The side stokers are operated at approximately
the same speed. Gas generated in the combus-
tion process flows over the stoked refuse,
heating it continuously. (Text in Japanese)
12*.
J.L
175
-------
Incineration
INT-0471
Heise, C. H. Method of and apparatus for
disposing of refuse. Great Britain 1,150,372;
filed Sept. 1, 1966; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

Refuse is burned in a rotary drum furnace of
short axial length, adapted for continuous or
batch feed and batch molten slag discharge in
a molten melting bath. The composition of the
bath can be varied according to the nature of
the refuse to be disposed. The melting bath
may be a mixture of sand and soda, and contain
additions such as iron, which are effective
in reducing the fusion temperature of noncom-
bustible components of the refuse. A basic
or acidic lining is provided within the furnace
according to the refuse being incinerated.
INT-0472
Tutton, W. G. (Radiation Limited). Incinerator
and panel therefor. Great Britain 1,150,681;
filed Dec. 13, 1967; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

A cast iron side panel may be used for
constructing a dismantlable incinerator by
fitting the vertical edges of the panel to
the vertical edges of two adjoining panels
of similar form, to build a hollow chamber of
polygonal shape in horizontal cross section.
The panel has hinges on its vertical edges to
enable it to be disengageably hinged along
the edges of the adjoining panels without the
insertion of a pin. The incinerator can be
assembled for use or dismantled for ready
storage with ease, and without small loose
parts. The cast iron panels are robust and
are constructed to withstand very hard wear.
INT-0473
Maegerle, M. (Praezisions-Apparatebau A.G.).
Container for the incineration of paper.
Switzerland 472,634; filed Mar. 23, 1967;
issued May 15, 1969.

A container has been devised with perforated
walls and a lid in cylindrical or rectangular
shape for the incineration of paper. The
lid on the container is hinged. The container
may be placed on top of a separate ash box.
The perforated grate between the ash box and
container (it is actually attached to the
container) can be tilted downward. For an
additional supply of air, the container may
176
-------
0471-0475
be equipped with a perforated tube installed
in the center and open at the bottom. The
container is made of sheet steel. (Text in
German)
INT-0474
Ito, F. Method of garbage combustion and
disposal in high-rise apartment houses. Japan
44-10,870; filed Feb. 11, 1966; issued May 20,
1969.

Dry waste and wet garbage can be incinerated
by high-rise apartment units cleanly and
efficiently. An incinerator is placed on
each floor. An exhaust pipe, connecting all
the floors, extends between the ash trap and
the chimney. Easy-to-burn materials are first
burned at the bottom of the pile. The wet
garbage on top is dried as a result. A filter-
ing net covers the entrance from the incinerator
to the exhaust pipe. It prevents nonflammables
from falling into the ash trap. A water jet
at the filtering net has a dual purpose: to
clean the smoke, and to wash the ash down the
pipe. The length of the pipe ensures combustion
efficiency and thorough cleaning of the smoke.
A lid allows easy cleaning of the ash trap.
INT-0475
Turner, J. F., W. H. Bartman, and C. H. Smith
(Flynn and Emrich Company). Incinerator
stoker grate construction. Great Britain
1,152,715; filed June 1, 1966; issued May 21,
1969.
The apartments are distant from the process.
(Text in Japanese)
Mixed refuse from residential, commercial,
and industrial sources is fed into a furnace
intended for continuous operation, from a
feed chute or hopper by the action of the
stoker. The stoker is longer than wide so the
refuse passing through the furnace remains
long enough at sufficiently high temperatures
177
-------
Incineration
to reduce all combustible material and develop
a sterile residue. This material is kept
porous, clinker-free, and moving, by the action
of the stoker. The stoker imparts a cascading
motion to the refuse. Using alternate motion,
the stoker grates lift the material on the
grate surface, agitate it, and thrust it for-
ward. This action fills in the voids which
develop from rapidly burning refuse, and breaks
compacted masses. (See also Great Britain
1,152,716)
INT-0476
Naito, J., and S, Fujii. Incinerator.
Japan 44-11,707; filed Mar. 24, 1966; issued
May 28, 1969.

Incinerator efficiency is improved by a double-
cylinder chimney. Heated air is blown into
the incinerator, utilizing the difference
in air pressure. There is a suitable gap
between the cylinders, and the top is covered
with a lid. Around the lid there are several
holes to admit smoke and mix the air. Con-
densed smoke descends from the inner cylinder
to the bottom. The outside air is blown to
the draft duct, heated by heat escaping from
the incinerator, and then sent from the inner
cylinder to the incinerator to reduce the
smoke. Wastes which burn more easily are
thrown in first; more difficult-to-burn mate-
rials are added on top, and then ignited.
Easily-burned wastes heat the moist material.
Since there is a difference in pressure between
the air in the incinerator and outside air, the
smoke and exhaust gases go up to the top lid,
heating the wall of the inner cylinder, exit
through the holes in the top lid, join the
outside air sucked in, and go down the inner
cylinder, where they are heated by the wall of
the inner cylinder. The gases are then sucked
to the bottom and heated by the wastes burning
on the grid. An appropriate amount of air is
sent to the incinerator, and the rest mixes
with the air blown in through the draft holes
at the bottom of the incinerator wall. Thin
smoke and gas escape via the holes around the
top lid; the condensed smoke, containing water
and ash, accumulates in a box at the bottom.
The ash from the grid also accumulates in a box
which can be removed, The components can be
adjusted, so that it can be used both as an
incinerator for general homes or as an incin-
erator for documents of companies, banks, etc.
(Text in Japanese)

IIMT-0477
Campbell, D. L. (Esso Research and Engineering
Company). Plant for the incineration of
refuse. Switzerland 473,359; filed Dec. 30,
1966; issued May 31, 1969.

An incinerator, operating on the fluidized
bed principle, consists of at least two
combustion zones, a fuel supply line, and a
burner to maintain a constant temperature
for the gassification of refuse. An air
blower keeps the particles of nonmeltable
material in suspension. In the lower zone,
the suspended particles are kept in turbulence.
The gases and vapors from the lower zone rise
and keep the solid particles in the upper
zone in suspension. The liquid refuse enters
178
-------
0476-0479
the incinerator through a pipe, the solid
refuse through a funnel. The incinerator may
be designed as one unit or as two chambers,
one atop the other. The temperature in the
lower zone should range between 430 and 650 C.
At this temperature all refuse, liquid or
solid, is either evaporated, cracked, or
burned. The rising gases are heated to 1,090
C and their components are converted to the
final oxidation products. The hot gases then
flow through the upper fluidized bed, losing
some of their heat. They are cleaned in a
cyclone, the solid particles are returned to
the bed, and the gases are cooled. The heat
is used for the generation of steam. (Text
in German)
INT-0478
Blach, E. (Aktieselskabet Volund). Method
of incinerating solid fuel. Canada 814,187;
filed Mar. 23, 1964; issued June 3, 1969.

This furnace controls the burning of solid
fuel, especially refuse and garbage, so that
complete combustion is achieved. Fuel is
burned on a grate which forms the lower
boundary of a combustion chamber. Air is
introduced below the grate., while cooled
combustion gas is injected just above the
fuel. At a temperature of about 200 C, the
comparatively cold gases keep the temperature
in the combustion chamber below 950 C. The
volume of gas introduced is controlled by a
temperature-sensing device. This incinerator
eliminates melting clinker, which reduces
clogging of the grate, damaging of the furnace
walls, and unsatisfactory combustion.
INT-0479
Heilala, A. K. (Aktiebolaget Goetaverken).
Underfeed grate for refuse incinerator.
Germany 1,296,732; filed Oct. 16, 1964;
issued June 4, 1969.

Refuse is fed to the center grate of this
incinerator, which has an underfeed grate
system. The primary air supply openings in
the grate system are inclined downward toward
the combustion chamber sides. As refuse
burns, the residues pass down the periphery
of the grate, so that more complete combustion
of the waste is effected. (Text in German)
179
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Incineration
INT-0480
Turati, N. Refuse incinerator. Germany
1,297,803; filed Nov. 22, 1966; issued June
19, 1969.

This kennel-shaped refuse incinerator has a
steel frame and a protective jack roof. The
interchangeable, removable grates are r^unted
on reinforcements. Beneath them, a metal
box for ash is located. Flames and smoke pass
through a grid-form tube and are then exhausted
through the space between the roof and the
jack roof. (Text in German)
INT-0481
Lerner, P., and G. Poterlot (La Soudure
Autogene Francaise). Continuously operating
waste incinerator. Switzerland 472,633;
filed Mar. 1, 1968; issued June 30, 1969.

The waste incinerator, which operates continu-
ously, contains a drum which turns on its
axis, and an exterior impermeable to gas. A
support permeable to gas is on the interior
of the covering. It contains the waste to be
incinerated. Compartments attached to the
covering and to the support form longitudinal
canals for the emanation of gases. The
construction of the incinerator may be varied
with a support, parallel to the covering, and
containing along at least half of its length
a perforated surface. A grating with wooden
bars, parallel to the rotation axis, is
attached to the interior of the pierced surface.
The distance between the bars varies from 2 t^
15 cm. (Text in French)
INT-0482
Apelt, K. (Dr. Schmitz and Apelt
Industrieofenbau G.m.b.H.). Incineration
plant for wastes such as rubbish. Switzerland
475,510; filed Jan. 28, 1969; issued July
15, 1969.

The incineration plant consists of: a com-
bustion chamber that can be fired with liquid,
gaseous, or pulverized fuels; a cyclone dust
separator which also serves as an afterburning
chamber; an auxiliary burner; and a sheath
enclosing both chambers with a clearance and
an air intake opening. Combining the functions
of afterburning and dust separation results
not only in fewer parts and smaller space
requirements, but also in a more effective
afterburning process. The sheath serves
to preheat the combustion air by the heat
escaping through the walls of the combustion
and afterburning chambers. An auxiliary
burner may be used to obviate the use of a
waste gas exhaust fan by accelerating the
gas leaving the combustion chamber, and by
creating a slight overpressure in the
180
-------
0480-0485
afterburning chamber which propels the waste
gas into the flue. (Text in German)

INT-0483
Guarducci, M. (Shunt Italiana S.p.A.).
Rubbish incinerators with adjustable compo-
nents, for civil and industrial use. Switzer-
land 473,358; filed Jan. 19, 1968; issued
July 15, 1969.

An incinerator consists of three or more
components: a base unit containing the
burner; a ceiling unit which includes the
opening by which the waste material is
introduced; and one or more intermediate
units which form the combustion chamber and
the flues. The components are constructed
in such a way that a vertical partition
separates the combustion chamber from the
main flue. The flue is in turn divided into
a vertical flue and a series of horizontal
flues which communicate with the combustion
chamber by openings built into the partition.
The flue system is constructed in such a
way that the smoke must traverse a consider-
able distance within the incinerator before
reaching open air, allowing time for a
certain percentage of the soot to settle and
be collected in removable containers. The
base unit can be equipped with either a grating
or solid floor of refractory material. (Text
in Italian)
10.
1Z
INT-0484
Yamane, H. (Takuma Kikan Seizo K.K.). Improve-
ments in and relating to incinerators. Great
Britain 1,159,087; filed Mar. 1, 1968; issued
July 23, 1969.

An incinerator consists of a device for drying
refuse, and a combustion device for incinerat-
ing dried refuse. Four conveyors are adapted
to move at variable speeds. They convey the
refuse to the drying device, through or past
the combustion means to incinerate it, and
convey the ash from the apparatus. A predeter-
mined ratio is maintained between the speeds
of the conveyor, regulated by a selector and a
control device.
INT-0485
Hanover, W. S., and D. H. West (American
Design and Development Corporation). Refuse
incinerator shaft. Germany 1,301,868; filed
Mar. 10, 1967; issued Aug. 28, 1969.

A refuse incinerator shaft incorporates a
combustion zone at the base with tuyeres
issuing from an external header which supplies
combustion gas. Material is charged above
the combustion zone, and discharged at the
shaft base. Two or more gas supply headers
181
-------
Incineration
are fed by a blower supplying independently
controllable quantities of combustion gases.
The tuyeres connected to these are at different
heights in the shaft. (Text in German)

INT-0486
Kano, S. (Ishikawajima Harima Heavy
Industries). Incinerator utilizing the heat
of exhaust gases for heating and dehydrating
water containing solid wastes. Japan
44-20,587; filed Sept. 15, 1965; issued
Sept. 4, 1969.

A preheater at the inlet heats the wastes by
passing the exhaust gas in the opposite dir-
ection. The waste is led to a hopper from
the top of the preheater. The bottom of the
preheater opens to a cooling chamber through
a screen. The exhaust gas, after heating
the wastes, is cooled in the chamber to
remove water vapor by condensation. The gas
is heated again in a combustion chamber and
deodorized by decomposition. With the conven-
tional incinerator, wastes are fed to a
grating to be dried by hot air from the
bottom, and heat radiation from the combustion
chamber. However, those flammable wastes
such as papers or straws start to burn while
they are still on the grating. Wet wastes
remain wet on the grating, and the combustible
parts of the wastes are burnt away before all
the waste is heated. To remove this drawback,
exhaust gas, low in oxygen and at high
temperatures,was used. Devices using air
to lower the temperature were ineffective in
preventing combustion on the grating, because
of the high oxygen content. Another drawback
of the conventional incinerator is that the
odorous smoke from the drying wastes is
released to the air without being heated and
decomposed. The present system has removed
these drawbacks. (See also Japan 44-26,638)
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0487
Tagawa, K., T. Kayano, and T. Kuwabara
(Tsukishima Machine Manufacturing Company).
Multistage incinerator with heat recovery and
deodorizing units. Japan 44-20,588; filed
Sept. 16, 1965; issued Sept. 4, 1969.
Solid wastes are fed to the incinerator from
the top. The incinerator has eight stages,
and the wastes proceed from stage to stage
after a complete revolution around the center
column. A burner is provided at the bottom
of the incinerator, with an inlet for air.
The wastes are heated by the hot air coming
from the bottom while they are being moved
by a screw conveyor. The resultant odorous
gas, which comes from the heating, is led
through a duct to the combustion chamber.
The gas is finally released to the open air
after being deodorized by high-temperature
decomposition. The remaining wastes are moved
to a combustion chamber after being heated
by a heat exchanger. After complete combus-
tion, ashes are removed from an outlet at the
bottom of the chamber. Thus, the combustion
heat is used to heat the upcoming air, which
in turn heats the wastes. Since the gas is
completely decomposed, the exhaust can be
released to the open air without fear of
pollution. (Text in Japanese)
r.
INT-0488
Shida, Y., and J. Kato (Kawasaki Heavy
Industry Company). Partitioning device
within garbage incinerator. Japan 44-20,948;
filed Aug. 27, 1965; issued Sept. 8, 1969.

A partitioning device is within an incinerator
that has a sloping garbage-feeding device,
rotating drying fire grids, rotating combustion
182
-------
0486-0490
grids, and an ash-discharging opening at the
top. Above the border of the drying grids and
the combustion grids is a partitioning wall.
From the bottom of the wall there is a parti-
tioning board, hung to the top of the rotating
fire grids. The partitioning board is made
to rotate, with the bottom edge of the parti-
tioning wall as the center. Thus the incinerator
is divided into drying and combustion chambers.
with smoke ducts to the main flue. The drying
and combustion chambers are independent. Thus,
the low-temperature gas generated in the
drying chamber is prevented from entering the
combustion chamber and lowering the inside
temperature. Opening and closing the
partitioning board is automatic, according
to the change in the garbage volume supplied.
The partitioning board maintains a gap just
big enough to let the garbage through. Usually
it is difficult to keep the temperature within
the combustion chamber at 800 to 1,000 C, the
range required for complete combustion. By
partitioning, temperature maintenance is
possible, and garbage can flow continuously
from the drying chamber to the combustion
chamber. (Text in Japanese)
J
INT-0489
Hayashi, K., and S. Naito. Mobile trash
incinerator. Japan 44-21,795; filed Oct.
1965; issued Sept. 17, 1969.
6,
A mobile trash incinerator is provided in
view of increasing amounts of trash which
need incineration and the shortage of
collection and incineration plants. A coupling
metal gear connects the top of the chassis to
an automobile. The chassis is divided by an
insulating wall. On one side of this wall
there is a fuel gas bomb, a motor, an air
compressor, and a compressed air tank; on the
other side, there is the incinerator. In
front of the incinerator, there is an opening
through which fuel gas is jetted to the bottom
of the incinerator. The jet stream goes
upward, along the wall of the incinerator,
comes back to the bottom of the incinerator,
and goes into the combustion chamber again to
ensure complete incineration. When the door
in front of the incinerator is operated along
with a dumping bucket, the bucket rotates in
the direction that the trash is to be dumped.
Labor for collection can be saved because the
incinerator itself is pulled by the car, is
transported to a desired spot, and incinerates
the trash where it is collected. By providing
a fuel gas bomb, a motor, an air compressor,
and a compressed air tank on the chassis, the
fuel gas necessary for incineration can be
supplied, as well as the motive power necessary
for dumping trash and compressing air. Around
the incinerator, there is air partition wall
that keeps the outer side of the incinerator
cool. (Text in Japanese)
3 C
r
IIMT-0490
Mann, R. W., and J. G. Bradley (Victor
Products 'Wallsend' Limited). Gas-fired
incinerators. Great Britain 1,164,120;
filed Nov. 16, 1966; issued Sept. 17, 1969.

This gas-fired incinerator has a main
combustion chamber, an afterburner located
in the path of the combustion products, an
adjustable gas-proportioning valve and a
thermostatic device which controls the propor-
tion of gas which is fed to the main burner.
When the temperature of the incinerator exceeds
a predetermined value, the valve is adjusted
by the thermostatic device to reduce the
amount of gas fed to both the main burner and
183
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Incineration
the afterburner. The valve includes a pivoted,
regulating arm controlled by the thermostatic
device to proportion the gas supply flowing
to the afterburner. Bleed holes extend through
the valve members so that a small supply of
gas is always fed to both burners.
INT-0491
Mizuno, K., and K. Kato (Nippon Dense
Company). Incinerator. Japan 44-21,796;
filed Oct. 13, 1965; issued Sept. 17, 1969.

A small incinerator designed to replace the
ash tray in a car contains a cylinder-shaped
layer of oxidation-promoting catalyst which
is activated by a heat coil. Cigarettes are
thrown into the top of the tray incinerator.
The heat coil is activated^ causing combustion.
The gas which is generated goes through the
catalyst layers where unburned materials in
the smoke are oxidized. The final gas dis-
charged is primarily carbon dioxide and
steam. When a lever is turned, the ash falls
through the bottom of a supporting stand to
a removable trap. The catalyst may be any
oxidation promoter such as copper chrome.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0492
Sakamoto, S., and R. Asukada (Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries). A refuse incinerator.
Japan 44-22,276; filed July 20, 1966; issued
Sept. 24, 1969.

The main features of an incinerator for low-
grade refuse with a large water content are
a predrying chamber, a preheater of air for
drying, and also a preheater of air for com-
bustion. Air is heated by the preheater
before entering the predrying chamber, where
it is brought into contact with the refuse.
A part of the hot air is supplied to the
combustion chamber, while the rest is mixed
with the fresh air entering the preheater.
The part of the hot air which is to be
supplied to the combustion chamber is again
heated. The lowering of the temperature of
the combustion chamber is avoided by this
process. Due to this process, enough oxygen
is supplied for combustion. Since the
malodorous air, which was in contact with
the refuse for drying, is mixed with the
fresh air and recirculated, the bad odor,
together with its heat, is not released to
open air. The supply of air is controlled
by chamber temperatures. Complete combustion
of the refuse and no air pollution are
expected. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0493
Enerus, B. R. (Aktiebolaget Destructor).
Liquid cooled reciprocating grate for the
combustion of sludges. Germany 1,526,051;
filed June 15, 1965; issued Sept. 25, 1969.

This liquid-cooled grate for use in inciner-
ators has hollow, parallel bars, between
which are pushers. These pushers are sliding
plates which can be reciprocated by a mechanism
beneath the grate in order to clean it. The
path of reciprocation is on a slope to accom-
modate the use of flat-section bars, overlapping
like roof tiles. (Text in German)
184
-------
0491-0495
INT-0494
Katayori, S. Incinerator. Japan 44-22,712;
filed Nov. 17, 1965; issued Sept. 29, 1969.

An incinerator, suitable for efficiently burning
the varied garbage from homes, stores or
factories, minimizes the problems of excessive
moisture and odd shapes. Little supplementary
fuel is needed for drying and burning the
garbage. Steam, smoke, and odor generated are
separated from the garbage as soon as possible.
At the bottom of the incineration chamber is
the fire grid; in the center is an inner
cylinder. The space between the outer cylinder
and inner one is the passage for exhaust gases.
There are pipes inside the inner cylinder.
The tops of these pipes are open to the top
of the burning passage; the bottoms are open to
the top of the fire grid. At the bottom of
the inner cylinder, there is the device to
prevent lumps of garbage from falling down into
the incineration chamber. The steam, smoke,
and oc.or are let out through the pipes of the
inner cylinder, go through the burning passage,
reenter the incineration chamber, and are then
discharged through the exhaust passage. As
radiating rods prevent the garbage from falling
into the incineration chamber, the necessary
n
burning space is available. The garbage
under the restraining rods burns first, and
the steam generated goes through the guiding
pipes in the center. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0495
Kusano, K. Perfect combustion incinerator.
Japan 44-22,710; filed Sept. 11, 1965;
issued Sept. 29, 1969.

An L-shaped combustion chamber consists of two
concentric cylinders. To the outer surface
of the inner cylinder, a number of channel-
shaped steel members are welded so as to form
air preheating chambers. A number of passages
are provided in the inner cylinder to connect
the air preheating chambers to the inside of
the inner cylinder. The space between the two
concentric cylinders is filled with water.
The fresh air from a blower is supplied from
the top of the combustion chamber. Also, the
air heated in the preheating chambers is
supplied to the stream of incompletely burned
gas to ensure complete combustion. Overheating
of the combustion chamber is prevented by the
use of the cooling water. A large amount
of hot water or vapor is available for other
uses. The air passages in the inner cylinder
are slanted downward so that a rotational
movement of the air is generated in the
chamber. This movement of the air prevents
the ashes from going out of the chimney, and
also helps to clean the inside of the chamber.
(Text in Japanese)
'20
185
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Incineration
INT-0496
Moritsune, T. Incinerator. Japan 44-22,714;
filed Jan. 25, 1965; issued Sept. 29, 1969.

This incinerator that effectively and con-
tinuously burns wet garbage is extremely
durable because the belt conveyor that
transmits the waste is cooled with each
revolution. Usually, the belt is placed
horizontally within the incinerator. This
system creates problems with incomplete
combustion and with conveyor overheating.
A vertical cylinder conveyor, placed both
inside and outside of the incinerator,
corrects these defects. Wire net shelves
on the conveyor assure that the garbage will
dry as it descends, and then be evenly burned.
Before entering the incinerator, the garbage
is also turned and loosened. Several con-
veyors can be used side by side according
to need. The speed of each can be
individually adjusted. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0497
Sugimoto, N. (Locomotive Manufacturing
Company). Vibratory incinerator. Japan
44-23,304; filed July 12, 1966; issued Oct.
3, 1969.

When ashes, noncombustibles, and clinkers
are removed from the combustion bed,
combustion is more complete than with
conventional incinerators. The vibratory
part of the system consists of a horizontal
bed and vertical duct. Trash and garbage
are burned on the horizontal bed. The
vibratory motion of the bed separates small
particles of ashes from noncombustibles,
and also helps to expose combustibles
directly to air. The bed is equipped with
a screen through which the ashes fall into
the duct. Dampers located on the bed control
the feeding of raw materials and the removal
of noncombustibles. A provision for the
disposal of the noncombustibles is made.
A chain conveyor transfers medium- and small-
size objects to the outlet. Large size
objects, which cannot be handled by the
conveyor, remain on the screen and are
removed through the damper. Since the com-
bustion bed is constructed in a gutter form,
clogging by the noncombustibles is prevented.
Air required for combustion is routed through
the falling ashes so that the air is warmed
up, and the ashes are cooled down. Since
the vibratory motion of the bed does not
allow the ashes to remain heated up on the
bed, clinker formation is much reduced.
Conventional vibrators are applicable for
this method. An appropriate damper should
be used to absorb the vibration before it
reaches other parts of the incinerator. (Text
in Japanese)
INT-0498
Barnshaw, F. R. (Zamba Company Limited).
Collapsible incinerator or like container.
Great Britain 1,166,623; filed Dec. 14, 1966;
issued Oct. 8, 1969.

The collapsible incinerator comprises four
perforated walls hinged together and a separ-
ate perforated bottom. The walls and bottom
are formed of intersecting wire members. At
least two of the walls are deformed to provide
inward projections for supporting the bottom.
Each inward projection is formed by providing
an excess of wire in the length of a vertical
member. The excess wire is bent inwards to
form the projection. Triangular incinerators
can be similarly constructed. The hinges used
186
-------
0496-0501
to connect adjacent sidewalls may be clips.
Instead of being made from intersecting wires,
the walls and bottom can be made of perforated
sheet metal or expanded metal.
INT-0500
Seller, C. K. (Latchford Wireworks Limited).
Improvements in or relating to garden
incinerators. Great Britain 1,169,468;
filed June 21, 1967; issued Nov. 5, 1969.

This incinerator burns garden and other
refuse without scorching the ground or dropping
ashes. A fire basket is supported by legs,
and an ashpan is positioned below the basket
but above the ground. The incinerator may be
of any desired shape, but preferably is of
collapsible construction for storage and
transport purposes.
INT-0499
Douglas, N. M. (G. and R. Gilbert Limited).
Improvements in or relating to incinerators.
Great Britain 1,168,137; filed June 16, 1967;
issued Oct. 22, 1969.

This incinerator ensures complete combustion
of refuse through the use of an afterburner.
After refuse is burned in the main combustion
chamber, any remaining combustible products
flow to an auxiliary chamber. The flow of
products into the chamber is dispersed as
it passes through small openings in a baffle
wall. Flames from the afterburner, which
is located in the secondary chamber, burn the
matter completely. This incinerator
satisfactorily burns material such as plastic,
which normally causes the production of dense
smoke.
INT-0501
Kaneharu, Y., and Y. Nitta. Spherical
garbage incinerator. Japan 44-28,144; filed
Sept. 19, 1966; issued Nov. 20, 1969.

A spherical, rotary combustion chamber in a
fixed frame minimizes heat loss and space
waste. A hopper for mixing and feeding garbage
as well as a damper for removing the ashes,
are both fixed to the stationary frame. Plates
protrude from the wall so that ashes on the
incinerator walls are removed. The rotary
burner is supported by two shafts, one an
187
-------
Incineration
inlet, the other an outlet. A screw feeder
in the hopper opens near the burner mouth
inside the incinerator. A motor, a ventila-
tion system, and a heat exchanger are also
provided. The exhaust heats entering air at
the heat exchanger. Many sorts of waste can
be incinerated by this device. Dust collectors
or other pollution-removal devices can be
attached. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0502
Yamamoto, T. , and N. Suzuki (Kawasaki Heavy
Industries). Garbage incinerator with jet
device. Japan 44-29,792; filed Apr. 14, 1966;
issued Dec. 3, 1969.

Combustion control is effected by the ejecting
fuel or water jets described. Since the
water content and heating value varies among
garbage types, temperature control of the
combustion chamber is required for effective
combustion. When the temperature reaches
below 700 C, liquid fuel is ejected, with
air, to effect auxiliary combustion. The
fuel quantity is controlled so that the
ejected fuel temperature is kept within the
prescribed range. When the temperature is
above 1,100 C, water is injected into the
chamber to lower its temperature. Since low
combustion temperatures result in incomplete
decomposition of organic materials, thus
generating bad odors , it is important to keep
the temperature above a certain level. At
high combustion temperatures, inorganics in
the garbage reach a molten state, and adhere
to the inner wall of the combustion chamber.
With the present device, air pollution is
abated, and simpler incinerator construction
is made possible. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0503
Nishikawa, S. (Japan Breibrico Company).
A rotary stoker of garbage incinerator with
grates rotating alternately in a zigzag
motion. Japan 44-30,310; filed Oct. 26,
1966; issued Dec. 6, 1969.

More uniform and complete combustion is
effected by loosening the garbage bundles
that are fed into the incinerator by the
stoker. With the conventional rotary stoker,
the grates, arranged according to the feeding
direction, simultaneously rotate so that
the garbage is made into a column. The merits
of the rotary stoker are greatly reduced by
this result. The present version of the
rotary stoker rotates grates, in adjacent
rows, in opposite phases so the garbage is
kept loose while being carried. The fixed
grate has rows and columns of the rotary
grates so that rapid and complete combustion
is ensured. When more than one stoker is
employed, they are placed stepwise so that
the garbage bundle is broken up at the steps
while falling down. Air is led to the com-
bustion chamber from the grates below. An
auxiliary combustion chamber is provided to
burn the remaining combustible gas after the
primary combustion. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0504
Rode, W. (A/S Mustads Fabrikker). Incinerator.
Switzerland 482,987; filed Nov. 26, 1968;
issued Dec. 15, 1969.

This refuse incinerator incorporates a device
for indirect heating of the material to be
destroyed, as well as a device which effects
the control of the supply of combustion air
and of thermal energy to the combustion
chamber of the furnace. The device for
controlling the supply of combustion air is
so adjusted that it does not permit any
supply of air during heating of the material.
When the ignition point is reached, however,
it does permit the supply of air to the com-
bustion chamber in an amount just sufficient
to effect complete combustion. The devices
for controlling the supply of combustion air
and thermal energy may be located in the
combustion chamber itself, in the outlet duct
leading from the combustion chamber, or in
the vicinity of the source of heat of the
incinerator. (Text in French)
188
-------
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
INT-0505
Freeman, H. (Consolidated Paper Corporation
Limited). Paper industry waste product
recovery. Canada 434,345; filed Nov. 2,
1944; issued Apr. 23, 1946.

This method comprises washing the bark or
wet woody material in waste liquor in at
least two stages. In the first stage, the
natural waste liquor is used, and in the
second stage, a concentrated liquor is used.
When using kraft liquor it is preferable to
omit the initial use of weak liquor to avoid
loss of chemicals. The wet bark, woody
material, or peat is arranged in a pile or in
a bin where it drains. It is then washed
with hot waste sulfite liquor which may
contain about 8 to 10 percent dissolved
0502-0506

solids. The washing may be carried out in
any way, so long as the liquor is
distributed over the mass of woody material,
and is allowed to contact all of its particles.
The liquor may be sprayed over the surface
of the mass and allowed to percolate through
it; the mass may be flooded with liquor; or
the liquor may be admitted at the bottom of
the mass and caused to rise through it to
displace the water and deposit solids
therein. This treatment removes superficial
water, and the spraying or washing is
continued until no more water is removed.
This also preheats the woody material.
This partially dried material is now treated
with a concentrated liquor, containing about
50 percent dissolved solids. This treatment
reduces the water content of the bark from
about 65 percent to about 38 percent, and
increases its solids content from about 35
percent to about 62 percent.
INT-0506
Malson, P. E. (Shell Development Company).
Disposal of refinery wastes. Canada 444,676;
filed May 22, 1943; issued Oct. 21, 1947.

Cracked hydrocarbon distillates and the like,
which contain alkyl phenols, are treated at
about room temperature with a strong aqueous
solution of a caustic alkali such as an
alkali metal hydroxide. A spent aqueous
solution containing alkali metal alkyl
phenolates is produced. This solution is
Pt>.
saturated with hydrogen sulfide to liberate
the phenols, which are then separated. The
remaining aqueous solution is contacted with
a waste acid, such as the acid sludge produced
in refinery operations, under conditions
which are conducive to the liberation of
hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide is
recirculated in the process, an aqueous salt
solution containing suspended organic
material is produced. The organic matter is
settled and removed, and the waste salt solution
run off into the sewers.
Sour
Naphtha
•Hi 5 GEH£F/!TCR
\-Z&
Sludge 0/7
\-30
STORAGE T/INff
189
-------
Industrial Wastes
INT-0507
Olsen, A. Apparatus for the clarification
and recovery of fats and oils. Great Britain
602,157; filed May 14, 1946; issued May 20,
1948.

This apparatus is utilized for clarifying and
recovering fats and oils from waste fried
products. It is comprised of an open top
vessel which is formed by an inner casing
within, and at least partly spaced from, an
outer casing. There is an upstanding,
open-ended tube in the bottom of the inner
casing. A fluid outlet, which arises from
near the bottom of the inner casing, leads
to outside of the outer casing. In the outer
casing, there is a source of heat for heating
water. A removable tray with a perforate
bottom is disposed above the fluid outlet
within the inner casing. The vessel is
closed by a lid, and the source of heat is a
gas burner.
and nitrides which are associated with the
sludge.
s/
INT-0508
Chew, F. D., and C. D. Baker (Aluminum
Company of America). Methods of recovering
metals. Canada 471,624; filed Dec. 27, 1943;
issued Feb. 20, 1951.

This method for recovering the metallic
values from flux material calls for melting
the heels and disintegrating the melt into
droplets. The droplets are then introduced
into a liquid which is capable of dissolving
the salts of the sludge and causing the molten
metal to solidify. After the salts have been
allowed to dissolve, the metal is separated
from the liquid and dissolved salts. Further
treatment removes from the metal any oxides
INT-0509
Bergstrom, H. 0., and K. G. Trobeck.
Process for utilizing waste liquor. Canada
481,587; filed May 26, 1943; issued Mar. 11,
1952.

A process for utilizing waste cellulose
liquors and other fluids involves the use of
a particular system of concentration and
treatment. The sulfate pulp process consists
of subjecting waste liquor ('black liquor')
to an oxidizing treatment via intimate
contact between the liquor and an
oxygen-containing gas, preferably at an
elevated temperature. The oxidizing
treatment is carried out without any
substantial evaporation of the liquor
until the oxidizable sulfur compounds
present in the liquor have been practically
oxidized. Losses of sulfur during the
subsequent evaporation of the liquor are
thereby eliminated.

INT-0510
Watts, D. H., and G. R. Watts. Improved
incinerator particularly for wood waste.
Australia 148,646; filed Sept. 5, 1950;
issued Oct. 15, 1952.

An incinerator which is especially adapted
for wood waste comprises a cylindrical
casing lined with firebrick as a
refractory material. It also has, in its
lower part, a grate comprising firebricks
spaced apart and supported on transverse
bars over an ash pit. Baffles within the
casing intercept incoming material and direct
it to a low point. The baffles are both
vertical and circumferential shelves
arranged in stepped formation. A delivery
duct forces combustible waste and air from the
factory or establishment to the interior of
the casing. A spark arrester surmounts the
190
-------
0507-0512
incinerator. The quantity of air drawn
into the casing is regulable by an air vent
that is furnished with openings which are
adapted to be opened or closed to any desired
degree by a sliding shutter. The spark
arrestor is wire mesh secured to a metal
frame. The hot zone of the incinerator is
concentrated at a low point above the grate.
Cold incoming air, introduced below the grate,
maintains the lower part of the casing in
a relatively cool condition.
If .#
INT-0511
Kruydenberg, J. W., and J. Wils.
Improvements in or relating to apparatus
for burning waste from flax-working or
wood-working machines. Great Britain
689,421; filed Jan. 23, 1951; issued Mar.
25, 1953.

The furnace, which rests on a concrete
foundation, comprises a cylindrical
combustion chamber with a truncated conical
stack that has a central flue gas discharge
opening. Both are made of building brick.
The portion comprising the combustion
chamber is lined with refractory material.
Cooling ventilation is provided by holes
through the outer wall which extend into the
air space left between the wall and the
refractory lining. A tangentially disposed
nozzle, extending into the interior of the
furnace, is connected to the air blast
conduit which furnishes air for combustion,
and transports the waste material from the
machines into the furnace. Ashes are
removed through an ash door located at the
lower part of the furnace wall. The upper
end of the flue is provided with four
openings to allow escape of fumes, and
surmounted by a plate to prevent exit of
unburnt material. Dimensions of a typical
installation are presented.
INT-0512
Rich, E. (The Rio Tinto Company Limited).
Improvements in the stowing of waste in
mines. Great Britain 717,136; filed Nov. 7,
1951; issued Oct. 20, 1954.

During a process for the pneumatic stowing of
industrial waste in mines, the material to
be stowed is compacted into a breech, while
air under adequate pressure is compressed in
a receiver to form a charge. The compacted
slug of material is projected from the breech
by the rapid release of the charge of
compressed air. The apparatus includes a
screw feeder for the compacting of material
from a hopper into the breech, with the feeder
thread diminishing in diameter toward the
breech. A pipe connects the breech and the
hopper, with the screw feeder operating in
the lower part of the hopper and the upper
part of the pipe. The apparatus also includes
a container for compressed air and a valve
operated by the screw feeder which releases
compressed air from the container to the
breech.
191
-------
Industrial Wastes
INT-0513
Zimmermann, F. J. (Sterling Drug
Incorporated). Waste disposal. Canada
514,642; filed June 7, 1950; issued July 12,
1955.

A continuous process for the treatment of
industrial wastes containing combustible
organic substances and water calls for the
introduction of a gaseous oxidizing agent
containing free oxygen into the waste
liquor in a reaction zone. The zone is
maintained at a temperature above 450 F and
has a superatmospheric pressure sufficient to
keep the water in the zone primarily in the
liquid phase. The amount of free oxygen
introduced is equal to that which is
theoretically necessary in converting
substantially all of the carbon in the waste
to carbon dioxide and all of the hydrogen in
the waste to water. An effluent comprising
essentially inorganic salts and water is the
only non-gaseous product discharged. This
method is specifically used to oxidize the
organic matter in sulfite waste liquors.
PROCESS .STEAM
TO PLANT
STEAM-GAS
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200°
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INT-0514
Randaccio, C. Recovery of metals from
scrap. Italy 531,121; filed Apr. 7, 1955;
issued July 22, 1955.

During smelting operations, acid washing of
the metal scrap or the addition of a suitable
flux prior to melting and fusion leads to an
efficient and economical process for the
recovery of certain metals. These metals
include aluminum, zinc, copper, and lead from
powders, filings, and other types of industrial
scrap. Ammonium chloride, boric acid,
hydrochloric acid, and perchloric acid are
used. (Text in Italian)
INT-0515
Baum, E. A. (Chemicals 'East Africa'
Limited). Improvements in and relating
to the treatment of decortication wastes.
Great Britain 742,480; filed Dec. 4, 1952;
issued Dec. 30, 1955.

A process for recovering the cuticle from a
mixture of leaf cuticle and pulp results
from decortication of sisal and is effected by
subjecting the mixture to aerobic
fermentation under a spray of water
containing dissolved oxygen. The process
occurs in a vat having a spray and a
perforated base through which liquid is
192
-------
0513-0518
removed. The cuticle is recovered from the
retted mixture in the vat via washing with
water. Water and plant juices are removed
from the mixture so that they can be treated
before the mixture is conveyed to the vat for
fermentation. The sticky layer formed
during the fermentation is removed from the
fermenting mixture. The vat is emptied
after 5 to 10 days,before the fermentation
is complete, and the partly retted mixture
is allowed to ferment further without
additional spraying, with the oxygen carrier
being added to the spraying water.

INT-0516
(International Minerals and Chemical
Corporation). Improvement in or relating
to process for treatment of waste liquor
from beet sugar molasses. Great Britain
749,804; filed May 20, 1954; issued May 30,
1956.

A process for treating the waste liquor from
beet sugar molasses after the sugar has been
at least partially removed, involves
hydrolyzing the waste liquor with barium
hydroxide. The hydrolysate is neutralized
with an acid reagent, which forms a water
soluble barium salt. Then, sufficient
methanol is added to the neutralized
hydrolysate to precipitate barium glutamate,
after which the precipitate is separated.
INT-0517
Beckett, E. H. (Harsco Corporation). Method
and apparatus for disposing of open hearth
slag and refuse. Canada 546,906; filed June
3, 1953; issued Oct. 1, 1957.

This method for disposing of the waste slag
from an open hearth steel mill allows
concomitant recovery of steel scrap from the
35 42.
slag. The process involves collecting
the molten slag from the furnaces in tillable
slag pots carried on railway cars. The slag
is retained in the pots for a sufficient
length of time to allow a substantial part of
the steel, which is contained in the slag, to
collect in the bottoms of the pots. At a
place away from the mill, the contents of the
pots are dumped directly from the cars into a
pit. While a hoist line tips the pots, a drag
line prevents the heavy steel skulls from
overturning the pots and cars. The slag and
skulls are cooled in the pit, after which the
skulls are removed. The residual slag is
excavated from the pit, and its metal-bearing
components are magnetically separated.
INT-0518
(American Cyanamid Company). Recovery of
polymer crumb from waste dope. Great Britain
823,243; filed June 1, 1956; issued Nov. 11,
1959.

A method is described whereby waste dope,
e.g. a polymer of acrylonitrile and its
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193
-------
Industrial Wastes
liquid solvent, is recovered for productive
reuse. Waste dope is dispersed in a hot liquid
coagulant such as dilute, aqueous sodium
thiocyanate, to yield a pumpable slurry of
polymeric solids in a hot liquid of given
concentration. The temperature of the waste
dope is raised as the dope is pumped through
a heat exchanger. It is then admixed with a
flowing stream of hot sodium thiocyanate
solution. The mixed stream is directed into
a centrifugal pump, where the partially
coagulated dope is broken up by the shearing
forces in the pump into a friable crumb, which
is screened out and collected for recovery.
The liquor is collected in a filtrate sump,
from whence it passes on to a centrifugal
pump, and then to the thiocyanate recovery
s y s t em,
INT-0519
Eleckett, E. H. (Harsco Corporation). Method
of and apparatus for, recovering
magnetisable metal-bearing material from
scrap and/or refuse. Great Britain 844,372;
filed July 20, 1956; issued Aug. 10, 1960.

The apparatus is used for treating the scrap
which arises from the open hearth department
of a steel-making plant. Three main items of
equipment are included: a transportable
separating machine, a rotatable tumbler
with conveyors and a primary magnetic separator
which collects pieces containing
magnetizable metal. The remaining non-
magnetizable residue is rejected from the
process. Slag, masonry, and other encrusted
material thus cleaned is conveyed via belt
conveyors to a classifier. The classifier
comprises a. double-screened, rotating, inclined
barrel which is provided with a magnetic
separator. The separator collects the fumes
from the waste and refuse.
barrel, and a classifier. Initial starting
is performed by a machine which comprises an
inclined grizzly (coarse screen) onto which
bulk scrap is dumped. Oversized pieces which
are to be rejected are thereby separated out.
The smaller pieces drop into a hopper provided
t-xfl
INT-0520
Var'yan, S. M., and V. Y. Lunev. Method of
reprocessing molten slags containing zinc,
lead and other volatile nonferrous and rare
metals and furnace for implementation of
this method. U.S.S.R. 134,874; filed Oct. £
1956; issued Jan. 10, 1961.

Molten slag is charged at one end, and the
product is discharged at the other end of
a slag-subliming furnace which has a
slightly sloping bottom. The length of
the furnace must not be less than 6 to 8
times greater than its width, so that the
slag will remain in the furnace between 90 and
150 minutes. The front part of the furnace
is provided with a heat-insulated separation
194
-------
0519-0523
tank from which the floating matte is
discharged, through an opening, onto a
chute and into a ladle. The lead which
settles on the bottom is discharged through
another opening. A carbon-air mixture with
an air excess of 0.5 provides a reducing
atmosphere for the reduction and sublimation
of all the zinc present in the charge. When
copper is present in the slag, the rear
portion of the furnace is provided with a
separation tank in which its supplementary
sulfidization is carried out via the
introduction of a pyrite concentrate through
a funnel. The waste slag, freed of zinc, lead
and copper, is led through a chute and into
the granulator. Sublimates and other gases
are led through flues to cooling and dust
retention equipment. Settled lean matte
is discharged through an opening. (Text in
Russian)
INT-0521
Polyvyannyy, I. R., P. S. Demchenko,
Y. Z. Malkin, and V. D. Solov'yeva.
Method of reprocessing dust wastes of the
lead production and of those other heavy
nonferrous metals, and of decoppering lead.
U.S.S.R. 137,261; filed Oct. 10, 1960; issued
Apr. 10, 1961.

Lead dust is mixed with 20 to 25 percent
sodium sulfate, 5 to 10 percent lead
sulfide, and 4 to 5 percent of a
carboniferous reducing agent. This mixture
is melted in an electric furnace at 1,050
to 1,150 C. The output of this process is
crude lead, cadmium sublimates, and a melt
of thio salts containing minor amounts of
rare metals, zinc, and copper. The crude
lead is refined, the cadmium sublimates are
reprocessed by the sulfuric acid method,
and the thio-salts are used in
decoppering the crude lead which is smelted
in the shaft furnace. The lead is further
refined, while the thio-salts melt, which is
enriched during the lead decoppering process
with copper, zinc, arsenic, and rare metals, is
lixiviated by water. During lixiviation,
arsenic and sodium go into solution.
The arsenic is then precipitated by aluminum,
and the sodium is extracted by carbonization
following the removal of the arsenic. The
cake obtained as a result of the thio-salt
iixiviation contains zinc, copper, indium,
tellurium, selenium, and gallium, and is
reprocessed by sulfation with sulfuric acid.
This method can be used for reprocessing the
dusts from the shaft furnace and agglomeration
shops of lead smelteries, the dusts from tin
smelteries, the sublimates from fuming and
rotary ore-processing furnaces, and the lead
cakes and slags from sulfuric acid plants.
(.Text in Russian)
INT-0522
Fedorova, M. V., M. A. Eydenzon, and
S. N. Kholmogorov. Method of reprocessing
solid wastes of the titanium-magnesium
production. U.S.S.R. 138,058; filed Sept.
1, 1960; issued May 10, 1961.

The wastes are dissolved in warm water, and
the resulting solution is treated with
caustic magnesite so that the hydrates of
iron, aluminum, manganese, and silicon will
be precipitated out. The pulp which is
thereby filtered, and the filter residue,
consisting of neutral hydroxides, is
discarded. The filtrate, which is a mixture
of magnesium, sodium and potassium chlorides,
is oxidized. Following a second filtration,
the mixture is placed into a reactor which
contains a predetermined amount of spent
electrolyte from carnallite baths. After the
electrolyte has dissolved, a hot, saturated
solution of magnesium and potassium chlorides
remains. A synthetic carnallite precipitates
from this solution on cooling. (Text in
Russian)
INT 0523
Charleson, E. (A. B. Scorer Limited).
Improvements in incinerators or refuse
destructors. Great Britain 906,933; filed
Mar. 25, 1960; issued Sept. 26, 1962.

This incinerator is particularly useful for
the cremation of animal carcasses but can
also be used for the disposal of industrial
wastes. It comprises a primary combustion
chamber in which oil or gas burners produce
hot products of combustion, and an adjacent
incinerating furnace, into which refuse is
fed, and to which hot gases from the primary
chamber are delivered through holes below the
furnace grate. A portion of these gases is
diverted through the dividing wall between
the two compartments to aid in the combustion
of volatiles from the refuse. The refuse is
195
-------
Industrial Wastes
fed into the furnace through an aperture
equipped with a counterbalanced lever-operated
cover. A secondary combustion chamber, which
is located next to the furnace, completes the
combustion of the combustible material. The
gases finally emerge through a chimney after
passing through a dust extracting chamber.
IIMT-0524
Vegeby, A. U. I. (Aktiebolaget Gotaverken).
Combustion of waste liquors. Canada 650,344;
filed Mar. 13, 1956; issued Oct. 16, 1962.

A method of burning waste liquors which contain
combustible organic matter and inorganic
salts involves spraying the liquor into
a furnace so that it comes into intimate
contact with an ascending stream of combustion
gases. Partially dehydrated liquor residues
are distributed over the horizontal bottom of
the furnace to form a fuel bed; they are
burned off by means of primary air, which is
supplied in sufficient quantities in relation
to the waste liquor supply to maintain a
reducing atmosphere. The inorganic salts are
recovered and withdrawn in molten form, and
the primary air is divided into two streams.
The first is directed, at relatively low
pressure, through a set of nozzles which are
arranged immediately above the surface of the
bed. The second stream is directed at a
relatively high pressure through a second set
of downwardly inclined nozzles which are
arranged above the first set. Thus, the
combustion zone is extended over the whole
cross-sectional area of the furnace, and
maintains the fuel bed constant and level.
The temperature at which the burning takes
place can be lower, and the vapor pressure
of the inorganic salts is lower than if all
the air were supplied at one level. Thus
less vaporization of the salts occurs. The
final drying of the fuel occurs more slowly,
and less organic material is entrained by
vaporized moisture.
INT-0525
Schmick, W., W. Liebrich, and K. Tafel.
(Kabel- und Metallwerke Neumeyer
Aktiengesellschaft). Furnace for smokeless
combustion of waste, especially that
containing metal. Germany 1,146,661; filed
Oct. 15, 1959; issued Apr. 4, 1963.

A furnace provides for the smokeless
combustion of wastes, especially those such
as cables which contain metal. It comprises
a primary stage heating chamber and a
secondary combustion chamber for burning the
carbonizing gases. They are designed so that
the combustion chamber is a narrow, extended,
heat-insulated tube which is locked to the
48
196
-------
0524-0529
head end of the carbonizing chamber and
equipped at its lower end with carbonizing
gas jets. Burners are provided to heat the
combustion chamber, and compression of the
hot air is effected by a bellows. A further
heat insulated combustion chamber is attached
to the secondary chamber, and it has an
increased diameter so as to decrease the
velocity of the combustion gas flow. A heat
reflector and heat exchanger are housed within
this chamber. An exhauster provides an exit.
(Text in German)
INT-0526
Fulton, L. M. (Dominion Steel and Coal
Corporation, Ltd.). Utilization of waste
pickle liquor. Canada 668,691; filed Apr.
25, 1961; issued Aug. 13, 1963.

Hot sulfuric acid solution is used to remove
scale and rust from steel furnaces. After
this solution has reached its capacity to
dissolve, it is drawn off, and the resultant
fluid is termed pickle liquor-—a waste
product which contains unreacted sulfuric
acid solution, ferrous sulfate, and ferric
sulfate. To remove the reclaimable products,
two steps are necessary. The first is
directly related to the reclamation of
ferric oxide. Water is added to the pickle
liquor to prevent separation of the
suspension, and the mixture is filtered to
remove large solid particles. Then sodium
carbonate is added to change the pH from
acid to alkaline. The resulting solution is
heated, with concurrent agitation, to drive
off the carbon dioxide. When all of the gas
has been driven off, the iron carbonate which
was formed is centrifuged out, washed, and
dried. This solid is exposed to heat, at
temperatures from 500 to 2,500 F, in the
presence of oxygen; the end-product is
ferric oxide, with more carbon dioxide being
formed as a by-product. The second step
involves the reclamation of sodium sulfate.
It is obtained from the solution that remains
after centrifugation when the solution is
evaporated. The resultant solid is sodium
sulfate or 'saltcake.'
INT-0527
Paren, E. V. A. Method and apparatus for
burning waste liquor. Canada 669,172;
filed Mar. 4, 1958; issued Aug. 27, 1963.

A method of burning waste liquor involves
the introduction of the liquor into a
jet-shaped furnace. The liquor is
subdivided into coarse and fine droplets,
and it spreads through rising flue gases.
The jet is subdivided and reflected
downward by a screen, so that at least the
fine droplets move in a direction opposite to
the flue gases. The ejection mechanism and
the screen are adjustable so as to render
possible a change in the direction of
movement and spreading of the droplets over
the cross section area.
INT-0528
Gorodinskii, B. Y., A. F. Gaevskii, V. M.
Shimanskii, and S. I. Shkolnik. Waste
polyesterurethan utilization. U.S.S.R.
159,028; filed July 23, 1962; issued Nov.
22, 1963.

Waste polyesterurethane is dissolved in a
mixture of a dihydric alcohol and a dicarboxylic
acid, and the mixture is heated to facilitate
a reaction between the dihydric alcohol and
the dicarboxylic acid. Dilsocyanate is added
to the resultant mixture to produce a poly-
esterurethane. (Text in Russian)
INT-0529
Laurie, K. An offal disposal unit.
Australia 248,460; filed Nov. 23, 1959;
issued Dec. 11, 1963.

A unit to be used in the preparation of
carcasses for food purposes includes an
open-ended cylindrical housing with an inner
grid. Beneath the grid is a firebox. A
cylindrical pressure vessel, which extends
partly out of the housing, has a closed
lower end and an open upper end and is
welded at its base to the grid. Hinged
to a pair of lugs on the walls of the
pressure vessel is a pair of diametrically
opposed bolts; a locking bar between these
bolts forms a domed lid over the upper end
of the vessel. There is a resilient
sealing ring between the domed lid and the
vessel, and an outlet tube in the lid is
197
-------
Industrial Wastes
closed by a weight. As a result, the
pressure in the vessel is limited. The
lid also contains a diaphragm type blow-off
valve. Two arcuate tipping devices, whose
ends are secured to the outer face of the
housing, are positioned so that they can come
into contact with the ground, allowing the unit
to be tilted from its vertical position
to and beyond a horizontal position. In
operation, a carcass is loaded, along with
a small amount of water, into the vessel,
and then is steamed under pressure. When
the steaming is completed, the lid is
INT-0530
(Rayonier Incorporated). Recovery of
sodium carbonate from waste liquors.
Great Britain 965,162; filed July 25, 1962;
issued July 29, 1964.

Spent soda-base liquor from the digestion of
wood is evaporated and burned under reducing
conditions to form a sodium carbonate and
sodium sulfide smelt. The smelt is then
cooled and solidified when it is poured onto a
cooled metal surface, after which the solid
smelt is ground, while wet, with a solution
of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide. Then
the ground smelt is brought into contact with
a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate
so that the sodium sulfide is dissolved.
removed, and the unit is tipped so that the
carcass and liquor are dumped out.
(Optional)
(Optional)
Na2C03
IIMT-0531
Gaydovksiy, V. M., and K. S. Goreglyad.
Equipment for utilization of animal corpses
and slaughterhouse wastes. U.S.S.R. 165,361;
filed Jan. 28, 1963; issued Sept. 23, 1964.
The equipment consists of an inclined
double-walled autoclave with: flat-tubing
helices installed between its walls; a rail
track near the interior bottom; containers
supported on the track; and a mechanical
198
-------
unloader incorporating a hand-operated
hoist installed in the lower end. Mineral oil
is heated in an electric heater and pumped
through the flat tubing which is helically
wound along the entire length of the autoclave
body in the space between its inner and outer
walls. This insures uniform heating of the
autoclave's interior. The meat is treated in
containers so that it will not be scorched,
and so that the interior of the autoclave
will be kept dry. The containers are rolled
by gravity along the inclined track. By the
use of the hand hoist and a catch> one
container at a time is turned upside down, and
0530-0532

its meat discharged into a shredder. (Text
in Russian)
A .
^"•Tffr
r "'
i I-
INT-0532
Kaluza, L., and B. Winkler (Naturin-Werk
Becker and Company). A procedure for the
disposal of tar waste byproducts. Germany
1,180,479; filed Mar. 14, 1963; issued
Oct. 29, 1964.

A fire clay lined combustion chamber is
penetrated by two spray nozzles, one for
oil and the other for tar. The former is
connected to a feed line leading from an
oil pump, and the latter is connected to a
feed line through which filtered tar is
conducted. A steam line runs parallel
to the tar feed line and both can be enclosed
by a common heat insulated jacket. Heat is
transferred from the steam to the tar line,
thus maintaining the tar in a fluid state.
A pump in the tar line leads to a mixing
chamber where heated compressed air combines
with the tar. The air-tar mixture is then
ejected as a spray into the combustion chamber
where it comes into contact with the
adjacent burning oil spray. The combustion
of the tar is thereby effected. (Text in
German)
199
-------
Industrial Wastes
INT-0533
Sveshnikov, M. A., N. K. Bartosevich,
I. F. Morozov, P. I. Zhukov, V. S.
Gerasimov, and N. I. Panasova (Shchelkovo
State Chemical Plant). Method of
processing of selenium-bearing wastes and
scrap. U.S.S.R. 177,621; filed Dec. 15,
1964; issued Dec. 18, 1965.

The original selenium-bearing wastes (or
scrap) are treated with a solution consisting
of 3 parts sodium sulfide and 1 part sodium
selenosulfide, and are kept in circulation
in leaching tanks. In one tankful of this
solution, three batches of the wastes are
leached out in succession. In this way, the
3 to 1 ratio of the solutes is changed to
about 3 to 11 or 3 to 12. There is a
corresponding increase of the selenium
concentration in the solution. Depending
on the selenium content of the original
wastes, the final selenium concentration
in the solution will be between 20 and 35 g
per liter. (Text in Russian)
INT-0534
(Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft) .
Process for improving the recovery of
fibres and fillers from the waste liquors
of paper machines. Great Britain 1,015,747;
filed Oct. 23, 1963; issued Jan. 5, 1966.

A process for improving the recovery of
fibers and fillers from the waste liquors
of paper machines is carried out according
to the flotation or sedimentation principle.
According to this principle, the end-products
of a reaction between 1 mole of a di- or
poly-amine (the amino groups of which are
separated by at least 3 carbon atoms) and less
than 1 mole of epichlorhydrin or alpha-
dichlorhydrin, are added to the waste liquors
of the catch pots. Between 0.02 and 1.00 mg
of the end-product is added to each liter of
waste liquor.

INT 0535
(Toyo Rayon K. K.). Improvements in or
relating to the treatment of waste synthetic
thermoplastic resinous material. Great
Britain 1,015,750; filed Dec. 6, 1963;
issued Jan. 5, 1966.

Waste synthetic thermoplastic resinous
material which can pass through a 6-Tyler
mesh wire gauze but not through a 10-Tyler
mesh gauze, and which has an angle of rest
(the angle which the surface of the material
remaining in the cylindrical container forms
with the horizontal plane) of over 70
degrees, is reusable. The recovery treatment
comprises heating and deforming the waste
material as it is being agitated. This
procedure is continued until the material
reaches a temperature above its deformation
temperature (that temperature at which the
waste material begins to change in shape from
its original form), but below its melting
point. Afterward, the treated waste material
is cooled and removed.
INT-0536
Krumnikl, F., V. Durcansky, and R. Pelzl.
Synthetic slags in the refining of steel.
Czechoslovakia 117,190; filed Nov. 28, 1964;
issued Jan. 15, 1966.

Scrap and grindings from the manufacture
and remelting of aluminum and alloys make
good slags following the addition of lime and
the removal of particles larger than 3 mm.
Thus, scraps left from the remelting of
aluminum, aluminum magnesium, and aluminum
silicate, which contained about 70 to 80
percent aluminum oxide, 5 percent silica, 1
percent ferrous oxide, and 14 to 24 percent
magnesium oxide, can be homogenized with
lime. The ratio of scrap to lime in the
process should be about 56 to 50. The
homogenized mixture is subject to the Perrin
process, or another process in which powdered
slag is blown into a furnace or added to
tapped steel. (Text in Czechoslavakian)
200
-------
0533-0538
INT-0537
Schaefers, J., and F. Schoppe (F. Schoppe).
Incineration of residues containing
trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene,
Germany 1,219,768; filed June 8, 1962;
issued June 23, 1966.

A method for incinerating the distillation
residue from industrial cleaning solutions
which contain oil, grease, and residual
trichlorethylene or perchloroethylene,
involves passing the incineration gases
into water and neutralizing the absorbed
hydrochloric acid. The material is finely
dispersed before burning and steam is added
to the incineration gases so that the wet
hydrochloric acid is more easily absorbed
by water. (Text in German)
INT-0538
Barkman, L. 0. (Lilla Edets Pappersbruks
Aktiebolag). A method for the recovery of
fibers from the waste water from the
manufacture of paper. Great Britain
1,053,946; filed July 5, 1963; issued Jan.
4, 1967.

Waste water containing 0-fibers is treated
by adding a flocculating agent together with
a buffer, which causes the formation of
agglomerates. The agglomerates are separated
from the water by means of flotation. Starch,
which has been swollen by treatment with an
alkali, e.g., sodium hydroxide, is used as
the flocculating agent, and aluminium sulfate
is used as the buffering agent. Durability
of the swollen starch is increased by the
addition of sodium silicate. Conglomerates
thus formed are very stable, and are collected
by and retained on the Fourdrinier wire,
along with 'normal' fibers. Flotation
of the conglomerates can be achieved by blowing
air through the water to form small
bubbles which adhere to the conglomerates
and make them rise to the surface. An
apparatus to be used for flotation in the
proposed process comprises a collection chamber
and a superimposed flotation chamber with a
tube connecting the two. Waste water with
aluminium sulfate added is introduced into
the chamber, along with swollen starch. A
vacuum, which is applied to the flotation
chamber, forces the waste water up into the
flotation chamber. The dissolved air in the
water forms bubbles which adhere to the
conglomerates. The conglomerates then
rise to the surface for collection by a
surface-sweeping suction device, and are led
off to the paper machine's Fourdrinier wire.
201
-------
Industrial Wastes
INT-0539
(Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft,
Vormals Meister Lucius and Bruening).
Process for improving the recovery of
fibrous material from waste waters of the
paper, cardboard and cellulose industry.
Great Britain 1,091,177; filed Mar. 15,
1965; issued Nov. 15, 1967.

A nitrogenous condensation product of urea
(1 mol) and a 1,2-alkyleneiraine with a
substitutable hydrogen-atom on the
nitrogen-atom (e.g. ethyleneimine-1 mol) or
an oligomer thereof, is added to the waste
water in a concentration of 0.1 to 4 percent
as related to solid and suspended particles.
The yield is recovered in a flotation cell.
INT-0540
Widmer, 0. Process for the production of
paper and cardboard with recirculation of
waste water. Great Britain 1,111,855; filed
Sept. 14, 1965; issued May 1, 1968.

This process for the production of paper and
cardboard comprises dissolving 100 parts
by weight of colophony in 50 to 60 parts by
weight of a boiling 10 percent solution of
calcined soda. The resultant solution is
clarified to form the hot mixture by boiling
with 12 to 16 parts by weight of an
approximately 40 percent solution of sodium
hydroxide. A 40 percent solution of sodium
hydroxide is added to a boiling mixture
comprising 55 to 65 parts by weight of paraffin
wax, 13 to 17 parts by weight of stearin, and
20 to 30 parts by weight of colophony. The
milky solution thus obtained is cooled. One
to 15 parts by weight of the cooled mixture
is mixed with 85 to 99 parts by weight of the
hot mixture, and the resultant mixture is
cooled. Then 25 parts by weight of starch
is dissolved in 160 to 200 parts by weight
of a 3 1/2 percent sodium hydroxide
solution in the cold, to yield a clear starch
solution. Then, 100 parts by weight of the
second cooled mixture are mixed with 15 to
40 parts by weight of the clear starch
solution, and the solution thus obtained
is added to the cellulose pulp in a
conventional papermaking process. Fifteen
parts by weight of starch are suspended in
50 to 80 parts by weight of water, and 10
parts by weight of sodium hydroxide in the
cold, to form a second starch solution.
One-hundred parts by weight of the second
starch solution are mixed with 3 to 5 parts
of a portion of the second cooled mixture,
adding the filtrate additive so formed to
backwater drained from paper being processed.
The water in a material-recovery plant is
separated from fibrous and filler
substances, and these substances are
recycled to the cellulose pulp. The clear
water issuing from the material-recovery
plant is mixed with lime water to impart a
pH of at least 6.

INT-0541
Marti, E. Method of processing
slaughterhouse wastes and animal carcasses.
Switzerland 456,660; filed Sept. 29, 1967;
issued May 31, 1968.

In this process, slaughterhouse wastes are
precooked, chopped, cooked, and sterilized.
The incoming material with bones is separated
from the material without bones. The waste
which contains bones is precooked to the
extent that the meat readily separates from
the bones. The meat wastes are shredded, and
the bones remain in the precooker until they
are cooked to a state of complete
disintegration. (Text in German)

I
INT-0542
Smelkov, V. K., and I. S. Shestakov (Moscow
Technological Institute of Light Industry).
Collagen dispersions from collagen-containing
waste products. U.S.S.R. 220,420; filed Feb.
14, 1967; issued June 28, 1968.

Waste products, such as glue stock, are
rinsed with a surface-active agent, ground,
subjected to alkali-salt treatment, and
202
-------
0539-0544
passed through a hydrodynamic apparatus.
To shorten the production cycle, the wastes
are treated with sodium hydroxide in a
saturated sodium sulfate solution, and are
subsequently rinsed and pulverized. (Text
in Russian)
INT-0543
Corey, R. C. (Pennsalt Chemicals
Corporation). Treatment of alkaline
vegetable wastes. Australia 286,316;
filed June 17, 1964; issued Oct. 14, 1968.

A process for conditioning potato peeling
lye waste and potato white water comprises
delivering the lye waste and white water
to two successive settling zones, where
bacterial organisms are allowed to act on
the waste. Underflow streams from the
first and second zones are directed to a
third settling zone; an underflow stream
from the third zone is withdrawn and
centrifuged to separate the solids and
aerate the supernatant liquor. The solids
are discharged, and the aerated liquid is
recycled into the underflow stream between
the second and third zones. Overflow liquid
streams are withdrawn for discharge from
each of the settling zones.
TO PONDS
0.11% INSOLUBLE SOLIDS
5,320 C.O.D. •
SOLIDS DISCHARGE
15.3 '/. 1M3CL.
INT-0544
Kunkel, L. V. (Pan American Petroleum
Corporation). Recovery of sulfur from
plant effluent. Canada 797,739; filed July
25, 1966; issued Oct. 29, 1968.

A process for recovering free sulfur from
a gaseous stream containing hydrogen sulfide,
such as that emitted by a Claus-type sulfur
recovery plant, involves reacting hydrogen
sulfide and sulfur dioxide in a reaction
zone in accordance with the equation:
2(hydrogen sulfide) plus (sulfur dioxide)
yields 3(sulfur) plus 2(water). Elemental
sulfur, unconverted hydrogen sulfide and
sulfur dioxide are withdrawn from the
reaction zone in a gaseous stream, and the
elemental sulfur is removed. The resulting
sulfur-denuded stream is scrubbed with
water, in a contacting zone, at a temperature
up to the boiling point of water. An aqueous
slurry of solid-free sulfur is withdrawn,
then heated to convert the sulfur to liquid
form, and the liquid sulfur is removed.
~t=n
10 H,O
MAKE-UP

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, H if
i

COALESCES /•

-48
!T~"^
-------
Industrial Wastes
INT-0545
Lewis, E. C., and R. G. Tallent (Combustion
Engineering, Inc.)- Chemical recovery unit.
Canada 803,788; filed July 15, 1966; issued
Jan. 14, 1969.

The 'black liquor' produced from the
kraft-pulping process is fed into this furnace.
There the combustibles in the liquid are
burned, while the noncombustible chemicals
are smelted and recovered. This upright
furnace is lined with steam-generating tubes
that are capable of producing steam of at
least 900 Ib per sq in. The primary
air-induction ports are located at the bottom
of the furnace, allowing a jet of air to be
directed at the pile of combustibles. A
unique feature of the system protects the
steam-generating tubes with sheets of
perforated stainless steel. The steel sheets
INT-0546
Lenz, W., A. Tirado, and R. Gaytan
(Fabricas de Papil Loreto y Pena Pobre).
Method and apparatus for heat and chemical
recovery from waste liquors. Canada
805,061; filed June 23, 1966; issued Jan.
28, 1969.

Waste liquors which result from the
production of pulp by chemical and
semichemical processes can be reduced to
inorganic chemicals. Concurrently, the
heat values which can be derived from the
organic compounds contained in the liquor
can be utilized. Waste liquors are carried
by gravity into a rotary dryer. As the
liquor comes into contact with the hot
gases present in the drying chamber, it
solidifies. These solids are transferred
to a stationary smelting furnace. It is
here that the organic compounds are
transformed into hot gases which are
channeled to a steam generator for use in
the drying process. What remains are the
are welded to the tubes, and they protect
the tubes from solidified chemicals.
-16
inorganic compounds that were present in
the waste liquors. This invention makes it
economically feasible for low-capacity pulp
mills to invest in a system of this type.
204
-------
0545-0549
INT-0547
Nakagawa, T. (Nakagawa Kogyo Company, Ltd.).
Device to incinerate rubber and synthetic
resins that emit smoke. Japan 44-2,150;
filed Apr. 5, 1965; issued Jan. 29, 1969.

This device will completely incinerate
materials such as rubber and synthetic resins,
which usually emit a lot of smoke so as to
emit only colorless and transparent fuel—
forming gas which is free from soot or black
smoke. The inside of the incinerator is
covered with fireproof bricks, and at the top
of the incinerator is the dumping opening.
Under this opening there is a bin which
stores the material to be burned. There
are grids onto which the liquefied
material falls. At the bottom of the fuel
storage chamber, there is the primary
incineration chamber, whose roof ignites, and
which leads to the secondary incineration
chamber. The primary incineration chamber
gradually narrows down, and at the narrowest
end it opens into the secondary incineration
chamber. At the narrowed part, there is an
air-jet opening which supplies sufficient air
to the incompletely burned gas passing through
the primary incineration chamber. At a
suitable place in the secondary incineration
chamber, a smoke duct is opened to emit the
exhaust gas. The fuel storage chamber slants
slightly so that flame and heat will not
liquefy the refuse in too great a quantity
at one time. When the material is liquefied,
it falls into the combustion chamber. The
equipment is compact, simple to handle, costs
little, and can be used in urban areas. A
simple, durable, and inexpensive gas-cleaning
device is attached to eliminate sulfur
dioxide and hydrogen chloride. (Text in
Japanese)
INT-0548
Biggs, W. A. (Sonoco Products Company).
Process for the recovery of sodium carbonate
and sodium sulfate from spent sulfite
liquor. Canada 806,072; filed June 7,
1966; issued Feb. 11, 1969.

The waste liquors which result from a
sodium-based sulfite pulping process can
be reduced to reusable chemicals. A
^articulate noncombustible constituent,
such as sodium sulfate, is mixed with a
solids-containing liquor. When sodium
sulfate is utilized, a raffinate of acid,
which is extracted from the sulfite liquor,
is employed. The mixing process occurs at
a temperature range of 750 to 1,250 F and at
a ratio of sodium sulfate to raffinate within
the range from 2 to 1 to 9 to 1. During
this combination process, the volatile
components within the mixture are removed
as they evaporate. The organic matter is
burned off, and the desired constituent
remains as the residue. A portion of this
residue is channeled back into the recovery
process to be remixed with the waste liquors.
INT-0549
(Ste. Ame des Etablissements N.E.D.).
Installation of means for the release of
dust and the clearing of textile machine
wastes. Switzerland 470,498; filed Nov.
29, 1966; issued Mar. 13, 1969.

The operation of combing machines poses two
important problems: air pollution, and a
rapid obstruction of the waste bin. The
installation of a means for the release of
205
-------
Industrial Wastes
dust and the clearing of textile machine wastes
provides for the simultaneous suction and
release of dust and fluff, as well as of the
wastes produced underneath the machines. A
ventilator is situated on the side of the
machine. Its suction hole is connected to the
interception tubes in the dust zone and to
an opening placed at the back of the machine,
under the waste bin, in order to create a
pneumatic sweeping action to draw off the
wastes and dust. (Text in French)
2 1
INT-0550
Holter, H. Method of and apparatus for
stowing mine waste, in underground mine
workings. Great Britain 1,150,041; filed
Mar. 3, 1967; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

Compressed air at an elevated temperature
is supplied by a compressor directly to an
expanding nozzle conveyor to which mine
waste is fed, and which serves to forward
the waste to a desired stowing location.
The hot air is permitted to expand and
cool before escaping from the conveyor
into the ambient atmosphere. Lubricating
oil for the compressor is remote from the
air. The compressed air may be at a
pressure of 2.5 atm above ambient pressure
and a temperature of 180 C.
INT-0551
Nakamura, T., Y. Yamada, Y. Ono, and
M. Seo (Toyo Ink Manufacturing Company
Limited). Improvements in or relating to
the treatment of waste cyanide-containing
liquids. Great Britain 1,150,096; filed
Sept. 13, 1967; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

A method of detoxifying cyanide-containing
waste liquids consists of treatment with an
agent containing an organic carbonyl
compound. The organic carbonyl compound
employed is an aliphatic aldehyde, such as
formalin. The organic carbonyl may be used
together with sodium hydrogen sulphite or in
the form of an addition compound with sodium
hydrogen sulphite. The cyanhydrin
produced by the treatment is converted into
other nontoxic compounds before the waste
is discharged. In the case of cyanide
compounds in the waste water of general
plating factories, it is desirable to
precipitate the sulphides of heavy metals,
and to separate and discharge the
supernatant liquid into the drainage
system.
INT-0552
Hanway, J. E., and G. R. Smithson (Container
Corporation of America). Sodium-base
pulping waste liquor treatment. Canada
814,311; filed June 3, 1966; issued June 3,
1969.

This treatment recovers sodium compounds
from waste liquors for subsequent reuse
in the manufacture of wood pulp. Waste
liquor, which contains combustible organic
matter, inorganic salts, and complex
organo salts, is combined with a solution
consisting essentially of sulfuric acid.
206
-------
0550-0554
The acid should be in sufficient quantity to
adjust the pH of the resulting solution to
between 6 and 8. Evaporation concentrates the
mixture, which is introduced to a f luidized
bed furnace maintained at a temperature of
from 1,000 to 1,800 F. Organic matter is
burned away leaving a granular product
consisting of sodium compounds. Under
oxidation conditions, sodium sulfate is
recovered; under reduction conditions sodium
sulfide is recovered. Waste liquors which
emanate from wood pulping operations, can be
utilized for recovering chemicals which are
used in the production of wood pulp.
WOOD CHIPS")

—L-.
DIGESTER [

SODIUM SULFATE
or
SODIUM SULFIDE
INT-0553
Wessberg, J. E. (Aktiebolaget Goetaverken).
Combustion furnaces for waste Liquor.
Canada 817,094; filed Apr. 4, L967; issued
July 8, 1969.

This injection device, when used in
combustion furnaces, recovers waste
liquors derived from the manufacture of
pulp. Two nozzles protrude through one
side of a vertical combustion furnace.
The nozzles, arranged one above the other,
are provided with horizontal spraying
plates . A lower nozzle sprays one plate
to cause the waste liquor to be dehydrated
into solid particles and gasified components.
Waste liquors which emanate from the upper
nozzle contact the products discharged from
the lower nozzle. This injection device
reduces the spattering caused when the
emitted liquor hits the spraying plate,
thereby resulting in an improved droplet
dispersion that is sprayed into the furnace.
INT-0554
Mizobuchi, I., and T. Yamaga (Hirakawa
Iron Works). Furnace suitable for the
rejuvenation of waste charcoal and sludge
combustion. Japan 44-18,154; filed May 27,
1966; issued Aug. 8, 1969.

A special type of incinerator effects the
elimination of water, the heating and roasting
of used activated charcoal, and the treatment
of industrial waste water. The vertical
incinerator has an opening at the top for
charging, and at the bottom for discharging.
Below the drying chamber is the combustion
chamber, which has many draft holes to
207
-------
Institutional Wastes
facilitate air circulation. The discharge
opening empties the roasting chamber, which
is below the heating chamber. When the
burner is ignited, the combustion gas flows
around the outside of the roasting and
heating chambers, and then rises to the
drying shelf and drying chamber from which
it is discharged. Part of the water from the
material placed in the drying chamber
evaporates and is discharged. The other
part collects on the walls of the chamber,
runs along the drying shelf, and is
released outside. The old activated
charcoal, now 30 percent water, loses its
adhesive qualities, and drops down into
the next chamber where the organic material
is burned. The 700 C gas from below forms
a porous surface on the remaining material.
When this is roasted without air supply
and at a high temperature, activated
charcoal is reclaimed. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0555
Marsh, C. J. Improvements in or relating
to offal and carcass disposal burners.
Australia 293,876; filed Nov. 8, 1965;
issued Sept. 1, 1969.

An incinerator for the disposal of animal
carcasses consists of a bin which is tapered
from a wider upper portion to a narrower
-13
lower portion, and which is open at its lower
end. A grate is supported within the bin, and
a fuel container is located below the open
lower end of the bin. The fuel container is
arranged so that a space is provided to
admit external air into the lower portion
of the bin between the fuel container and
the lower portion of the bin. The lower
portion of the bin and the fuel container
are shaped and arranged in relation to each
other so that when the fuel within the
container is ignited the hot combustion
products of the burning fuel rise through
the grate within the bin. Melted fat from
the carcass which is being burned can flow
down through the lower portion of the bin into
the fuel container where it can be burned.
The bin may be made of sheet steel and may
be supported on a concrete block. The
grate may be in the form of a basket having
sides parallel to the sides of the bin.
The fuel container is preferably separable
from and slidably engaged with the lower
portion of the bin.
INT-0556
Mannbro, N. V. (Skogsagarnas Industri
Aktiebolag)• Method of reducing the
discharge of waste products from pulp mills.
Canada 828,653; filed July 25, 1967; issued
Dec. 2, 1969.

This process recovers the waste liquor
discharged from cellulose pulp mills in
order to regenerate the digestion chemicals.
First the pulp is bleached, and the
resultant waste liquor is treated to reduce
the BOD of the fibrous waste products. At
the same time, coarse or incompletely
digested materials are converted into
useful cellulose pulp after being dewatered.
After the fibrous waste is treated, oxidized
sulfides and chlorination products of resin
acids are extracted by washing with water,
alkali or other solvents; the residues
produced are separated from the pulp
suspension as filtrate. Bleached fibre
can be recovered and returned to the pulp
manufacturing process. This process decreases
the amount of pollutants discharged from
pulp mills.
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES

INT-0557
Harrington, D. Improvements in and relating
to sanitary pails and like refuse receptacles
for the disposal of soiled sanitary towels
and septic bandages. Great Britain 589,267;
filed Mar. 21, 1945; issued June 16, 1947.
208
-------
0555-0559
A pail or similar refuse receptacle for the
disposal of soiled sanitary towels and bandages
comprises a container for a liquid capable
of reducing the matter to be disposed of to
liquid form. This container has a closed upper
end incorporating a hinged, segmented lid and
an opening through which the contents of
the container can be discharged when it is
tilted. The lid has, secured to its inside,
a plate which will, on opening the lid, form
the bottom of a chamber at the upper end of
the container. An agitator located within
the container consists of a rotating vertical
rod, and is furnished with a mechanism or
mechanisms for effecting turbulence of the
container contents when the rod is manipulated.
INT-0558
Huber, H. E. C. Improvements in or relating
to incinerators. Great Britain 621,085;
filed Jan. 1, 1947; issued Api. 4, 1949.

This incinerator provides a self-contained
unit for the disposal of soiled bandages. The
incinerator comprises a combustion chamber
having a stationary grate at its lower side
and a flue at its upper side. There is an
electric heating device associated with the
combustion chamber, and a switch for control-
ling the current supply to the heating
mechanism. This device is operated in
conjunction with a time-delay mechanism which
ensures that when the switch is closed to
allow current to be supplied to the heating
device, the current continues to flow for a
predetermined period. An opening in the flue
permits bandages to be introduced into the
combustion chamber. A closure device for
the opening can be swung to an open or
closed position. Beneath the stationary grate
is an ash scraper. There is also a mechanism
for simultaneously swinging the closure
device, operatively displacing the scraper,
and operating the switch device so a
bandage can be introduced into the combustion
chamber and burned.
INT-0559
Guenther, H. (Quarzlampen G.m.b.H.). Garbage
can, primarily for the use by medical doctors.
Germany 822,376; filed May 4, 1950; issued
Nov.
209
-------
Institutional Wastes
A garbage can devised primarily for use in
the offices of medical doctors has a. removable
container and a lid operated by a foot pedal.
The connecting rod, which is between the foot
pedal and the lid and which ascends between
the casing and the container, is connected
to a pneumatic brake. The latter is accommo-
dated between casing and container. The
axis of the brake cylinder is arranged
parallel to the connecting rod, and the
piston of the pneumatic brake, which rotates
around its axis, is connected at an angle to
the connecting rod. By closing the lid, an
enclosed air volume is compressed in the brake
cylinder. The compressed air leaves through
a small opening in the brake cylinder. Upon
opening of the lid, a valve opens so that
only a slight resistance impairs the movement.
The garbage can is tightly sealed on top by
an intermediate lid which has an eccentric
opening for receiving the container. The
distance between casing and container is
greatest in the vicinity of the link for the
lid. The foot pedal can be locked in the
open position. (Text in German)
INT-0560
Knowles, D. J. Improvements in and relating
to incinerators for the destruction of
surgical dressings, catamenial appliance and
the like. Great Britain 693,487; filed Nov.
23, 1949; issued July 1, 1953.
The incinerator comprises a rectilinear
outer casing, with an inner wall forming a
combustion chamber provided with longitudinal
electric heating elements formed as a basket,
and a grid at its lower end. A space for a
removable ash box is located beneath the grid.
Waste is introduced through an insulated door
at the top. A heat-insulating wall surrounds
the combustion chamber and is separated from
the outer casing by a cooling air space.
Air is drawn through louvers at the top or,
alternatively, at the side, down through the
grid and air space, and out through a flue
pipe. A fan in the flue pipe accelerates air-
flow.
INT-0561
Betts, E. I., and J. Gordon (Willet and
Robinson Limited). Sanitary disposal unit.
Great Britain 721,069; filed Nov. 5, 1952;
issued Dec. 29, 1954.

A semicylindrical container, with two equally
sized, horizontally-hinged covers opening
outward, is mounted vertically. An inner
pocket for holding a fresh supply of sanitary
bags consists of a metal sheet fixed parallel
210
-------
0560-0563
to and at a distance from the interior surface
of the flat rear wall. The upper swinging
door is normally closed by its own weight;
the lower is held shut by a spring clip.

INT-0562
Buckle, E. P. Incinerator. Canada 512,160;
filed Apr. 24, 1954; issued Apr. 26, 1955.

An incinerator for hospital wastes consists
of a furnace made of a ceramic substance and
containing a heating element. A casing
surrounds the furnace, leaving an air space
between the exterior side and front walls of
the furnace and the casing. Cooling air is
circulated through the air space by a fan
driven by an electric motor the same fan,
draws the gases of combustion through an
outlet in the casing. When the lid of the
furnace is opened, an electric relay
closes a switch which sets in operation the
heating element, the fan motor, and a clock
motor. The clock motor opens the switch
after a predetermined interval.
INT-0563
Leng, T. R. , and F. H. Morris (The General
Electric Company Limited). Improvements in
or relating to electric incinerators. Great
Britain 750,038; filed Oct. 25, 1951; issued
June 6, 1956.

The incinerator is designed for the disposal
of soiled bandages, towels, or pads, chiefly
of cellulose wadding. Such material is dumped
through an entry door directly into a combus-
tion chamber. At the bottom of the chamber
is a main grid-like heating element which, at
full power, initiates combustion. A transformer
is provided to supply about 4 1/2 volts AC to
the grid. An ashpan provided with air passages
lies beneath the grate. A flue extends from
the upper part of the incinerator chamber.
Additional resistance elements are mounted
below the ashpan to preheat the air entering
the combustion chamber. A feature of the
apparatus is the provision of means to
maintain continuous heating of the main
element at a reduced temperature, except
211
-------
Institutional Wastes
when higher temperatures are required to
initiate combustion, thereby maintaining a
constant flue draft.
INT-0564
Kraupner, H. (G. Holier). An incinerator
for burning hospital, abattoir, and other
waste matter. Germany 1,098,662; filed Aug.
27, 1954; issued Feb. 2, 1961.

An incinerator for burning waste products
from hospitals and slaughterhouses comprises
at least one vertical filling and combustion
shaft and an afterburning chamber for the
gases of combustion. On the interior side of
the oven walls, and inside the shaft walls,
are air vents. The inner side of the exterior
wall of the oven is provided with screw-shaped
pipes serving as heating units, so that
preheated air is conducted through the gas
combustion chamber and through the vents in
the shaft wall. The gas burner is situated
in the bottom part of the combustion chamber
so that the flames are directed toward the
upper surface of the lower part of the shaft.
The ashes are withdrawn through a door on
a level with combustion chamber. (Text in
German)
feed ducts in the furnace walls. (Text in
German)
INT-0565
Hakenstad, A. (Svenska Metallverkens Ugns
Aktiebolag). Incinerator. Germany
1,121,262; filed Dec. 5, 1952; issued Jan.
4, 1962.

This incinerator is used particularly for
the combustion of waste in a hospital. The
combustion is initiated by introducing into
the furnace chamber air heated with the aid
of electric resistors. Combustion gas dis-
charge ducts are disposed between the air
INT-0566
Schutter, H. (G. Moller). Incinerator.
Germany 1,128,588; filed Nov. 7, 1956;
issued Apr. 26, 1962.

An incinerator provides for the combustion
of waste from hospitals, slaughterhouses,
and other sources. This device has at least
one vertical filling and combustion shaft,
surrounded by an afterburning chamber. The
incinerator is modified so that the fresh
air discharge openings are not on the inside
of the furnace wall, but on the inside of the
filling and combustion shaft. The shaft
consists of one or more hollow parts
(preferably tubes) , connected to an air
blower. (Text in German)
212
-------
0564-0569
IIMT-0567
Buckle, E. P. Improvements relating to
incinerators. Great Britain 895,931; filed
Jan. 24, 1958; issued May 9, 1962.

This incinerator burns wet, damp, or otherwise
moist material, as well as dry material. It
is composed of a combustion chamber with an
outer casing, and a device for cooling the
outer casing by circulating air and/or gases
and for withdrawing the gases of combustion
by an induced draft. One or more electrical
heating elements are provided at the base of
the combustion chamber. The elements are
adapted to provide a greater or lesser amount
of heat as required. The elements are shrouded
to protect them from the material being burned
and to enable the removal or introduction of
one or more elements without contact with
the combustion chamber or its contents.
Movement of the lid of the incinerator
automatically switches on the heating
elements for a predetermined period. The
incinerator operates economically in the
20
use of heat required to burn the material.
The incinerator is especially useful for
hospitals.
INT-0568
Colbourn, W. G. (Thanet Foundry and Engineer-
ing Company, Ltd.). Improvement in disposal
means for waste matter. Great Britain
1,021,749; filed Dec. 23, 1963; issued Mar.
9, 1966.

This container holds a caustic or acid solution
which dissolves swabs, dressings, and towels
in a sanitary manner. A piston is mounted
within a column and is attached to an extern-
ally operable plunger. The plunger is
operated to force a jet of acid through one
or more holes in the column. This impregnates
with acid any material which has been placed
within the container to be destroyed.
INT-0569
Michaelis, H., and H. Mettenborg (D. Althoff).
Waste incinerator. Switzerland 430,018; filed
June 5, 1964; issued Aug. 15, 1967.

An incinerator for the burning of all types
of refuse, including hospital wastes, is
constructed to permit the introduction of
213
-------
Institutional Wastes
waste in a sanitary manner, and the removal
of gas-forming combustion products completely
and without odor or smoke. The principal
combustion chamber is heated by whirlpool
firing, and is connected at its upper end to
a filling chamber provided with washable
plates. The removable floor of the main com-
bustion chamber is provided with a tray to
catch the liquid waste products. A second
chamber, next to the combustion chamber,
provides a chimney with a blower system and
suction. Vents are installed at different
levels for air access. (Text in German)
is ^^
INT-0570
Broege, K., and H. J. Schramboehmer (Rud. A.
Hartmann Gross-Apparate und Spezialmaschinen
G.m.b.H. and Company). Facility for automatic
disinfection of solids carrying waste waters.
Switzerland 471,043; filed Apr. 4, 1968;
issued Apr. 15, 1969.

Solid hospital or similar wastes are pulverized
by a grinder installed in the path of the
solids-carrying waste water. The grinder is,
at the same time, a pump which takes the
solids and the waste water from a collection
tank and again recirculates the wastes. The
tank is equipped with a. smaller feed pump,
operated in accordance with the water level
in the tank. The feed pump passes the ground
solids and waste water over a heat exchanger
and a disinfection boiler to the outlet. In
the inlet path to the collection tank there
is another chamber separated by a sieve grid
into lower and upper sections. The larger
lower section receives the solids-containing
liquid. It has an inlet for steam, to disin-
fect the solid substances. The smaller upper
section passes the liquid into the collection
tank. This section has a steam inlet also.
The discharge for the disinfected solids in
the lower section is also equipped with a steam
inlet for postdisinfection. The upper sec-
tion of the chamber has an inlet for the
freshly arriving solid refuse and waste water
mixture. All outlets are equipped with
manually or automatically controllable valves.
(Text in German)
II
INT-0571
Hayashi, T. (Hokkai Tekkosho). Globe-shaped
incinerator. Japan 44-9,156; filed Dec. 29,
1965; issued Apr. 26, 1969.

A compact, globe-shaped incinerator,for destroy-
ing classified documents in offices or for
similar functions , consists of two hemispheres
welded together. Inside, a horizontal fire
214
-------
grid made of fireproof material and drilled
with draft holes lies below a combustion
chamber. A chimney that is detachable
extends from the top. Openings at the top
and bottom of the structure enable charging
and discharging of materials. The incinerator
is supported by stable legs. Since the
combustion chamber is spherical, a draft is
created which promotes complete combustion
of matter in the gas exhaust. The shape of
the incinerator makes it easily portable.
It also minimizes heat loss. (Text in Japan-
ese)
.21
INT-0572
Price, E. E, (T. Price and Son Stampers
Limited). Improvements in electric inciner-
ators. Great Britain 1,162,495; filed June
16, 1967; issued Aug. 27, 1969.

An electrically heated incinerator for disposal
of articles such as sanitary towels, dressings,
and bandages, consists of a combustion chamber
0570-0573

provided with a flue opening. Another chamber
contains an electric heating element disposed
between an air intake opening and a hot air
inlet. A power-operated fan is arranged to
cause a forced air draught to pass through the
air heater chamber and thus heat the air pass-
ing into the combustion chamber. This effects
combustion of the combustible articles, and
then the air passes to the flue opening. A
deflector is disposed opposite to and inclined
downward toward the hot air inlet.
IO
M
SO
LITTER
INT-0573
Parsons, B. Improved machine for collecting
litter. Great Britain 822,186; filed May 15,
1957; issued Oct. 21, 1959.
The machine comprises a chassis base supported
by a pair of rear wheels and a front castor
wheel. A hinged push handle is located at the
rear of the chassis. A small gasoline engine,
also mounted at the rear, drives a rotary
three-bladed blower which provides the suction
necessary for collecting the litter. The
intake of the blower is connected to a tube
with an intake device extending downward.
215
-------
Litter
The litter is drawn up through this tube into
a large collecting bag.
INT-0574
Helmore, W. Improvements in or relating to
means for collecting litter. Great Britain
851,758; filed Dec. 9, 1957; issued Oct. 19,
1960.

A fork for collecting litter and other debris,
particularly from between plants in flower
and vegetable beds, consists of a series of
pointed metal tines mounted in a circular
plate. This plate is fastened to a hollow
flanged supporting plate. The handle which
fits into this flange comprises two telescoping
tubes; the upper one equipped with a rubber
grasp and the lower with an enclosed, spring-
controlled rod, which depresses a terminal
plate over the tines to remove debris collected
on it. Alternative tine arrangements are
described.
INT-0575
Golan, H. Z. (J. Holzer, and H. Z. Golan).
A litter collecting bin. Germany 1,116,595;
filed July 7, 1959; issued Nov. 2, 1961.

A litter-collecting bin is composed of a
rectilinear frame structure having a
rooflike cover. Housed vertically within
is a similarly shaped container, open at the
top. It is pivoted so that in emptying, it
assumes a horizontal position. Pivotal flaps
are arranged on all four sides of the frame
structure. The cover is arranged to contain
a planter. (Text in German)
IB-
INT-0576
Wetlesen, R. B. Litter bin or basket.
Australia 247,215; filed Dec. 9, 1960; issued
Sept. 25, 1963.

A litter bin or basket includes an outer
container which has a closed base, and an
open top and which is secured to a support.
216
-------
0574-0578
Within the outer container is a removable
inner basket with a closed bottom and an open
top. A removable, poster-bearing plate is
mounted on the wall of the outer container
so that the poster is exposed. The container,
the inner basket, and the plate have adjacent
parts with registering holes; a locking device
engages the holes to lock these portions
together. This prevents unauthorized removal
of the inner basket or the plate. The plate
and the inner basket are removed simultaneously
when the litter bin is emptied.
-36
INT-0577
Seller, H. (Hermann Seller Limited). Mobile
refuse cart. Switzerland 454,735; filed Aug.
7, 1967; issued Apr. 15, 1968.

The handcart is comprised of a container
with a U-shaped upper edge formed by a single,
self-supporting piece of glass fiber-reinforced
polyester. Metal stiffeners are embedded into
the sidewalls and bottom. U-shaped tubular
handles are fastened to the metal inserts in
the two narrower sidewalls of the container.
Metal brackets, holding the pins of the four
rollers, are welded or bolted to the metal
inserts in the bottom of the container. (Text
in German)
INT-0578
Ochsner, A. (J. Ochsner and Company A.G.).
Bulk container discharge device mounted on
a litter collection truck. Switzerland
455,634; filed Oct. 1, 1963; issued Apr. 30,
1968.

The discharging device incorporates an upper
dust sheet and a lower dust sheet inclined
at nearly right angles. The lower sheet can
be coupled to the cover of the container by
means of a coupling device, and it consists
of two hinged sections. The first is rigidly
connected to the upper dust sheet, while the
second is elastically attached to the first.
20a
217
-------
Litter
The coupling device is mounted on the first
part of the lower dust sheet. In addition,
a second coupling device may be mounted on
the same part which couples the cover of the
container to the lower dust sheet. Both
coupling devices may be mounted symmetrically
with respect to the longitudinal, vertical,
central plane of the litter collection truck.
Each is provided with a hook to engage a han-
dle on the cover of the bulk container. (See
also Switzerland 460,629) (Text in German)
INT-0579
Baldine, J. J. Motor vehicle litter disposal.
Canada 786,476; filed June 28, 1965; issued
May 28, 1968.

A litter disposal device for use on vehicles
consists of a cylindrical combustion chamber
with an access opening in its top and a dis-
charge opening at the bottom. The access
opening is covered by a pivotally mounted
airtight closure, and the discharge opening
is covered by a foraminous guard. In the
chamber is an electric heating element for
igniting the refuse. A valve-controlled
airflow is introduced through an intake pipe
whose end is in communication with a source
of moving air, and whose other end leads to
the upper interior of the chamber. The air
swirls about the interior of the chamber and
out the guarded discharge opening; this tends
tO'ensure a complete burning of the refuse.
Only a fine, powdery ash is discharged. This
device is designed to allow rapid and clean
disposal o£ any combustible litter with only
a minimum amount of effort.
INT-0580
Tschalaer, A. Litter cabinet. Switzerland
462,037; filed Aug. 25, 1966; issued Aug. 31,
1968.

The cabinet contains a litter bin with a front
door covering at least the lower part of the
bin. The cabinet also has a front opening
through which the litter can be deposited into
the bin, while the door remains closed. The
bin is firmly supported inside the cabinet,
and it is provided with a hinged lid linked to
a sliding cover so that when the lid shuts the
litter bin, the cover lies behind the front
opening. When the lid opens, the cover slides
upward and out of the way. (Text in German)
INT-0581
Wirz, E. (Ernst Wirz A.G. Kipper- und Maschinen-
fabrik). Exchangeable charging box for loose
material, particularly for litter. Switzerland
462,718; filed Dec. 5, 1967; issued Sept. 15,
1968.

In order to increase transport capacity, the
charging box has a built-in or attachable
compacting device. The compacting device
incorporates a shiftable or tiltable presser
plate connected to a hydraulically or pneuma-
tically operated press. The compacting device
is located in the front of the charging box
interior, and a door is provided in the back
wall. The bottom of this box extends horizon-
tally to the back, from the tipping pivot
bearing of the box to its back wall. The
sidewalls of this box may be pulled inward,
along their upper edges, to provide clearance
for the rocker arms of the tipping device.
A retaining device is built into the charging
218
-------
box interior to retain the compacted loose
material in the rear part of the charging box
0579-0583
when the presser plate returns to its initial
position. (Text in German)
INT-0582
Paetzold, W. (PAPRO A.G. fuer Papierverarbei-
tung). Litter bag and method of its manufac-
ture. Switzerland 464,068; filed Sept. 22,
1967; issued Oct. 15, 1968.

This litter bag has a tie string fastened to
the bag wall, below its opening, by means of
a paper cover strip glued to the bag wall.
The two ends of the string, extending on both
sides of the cover strip, are of unequal
length. The litter bag is automatically
produced in a bagmaking machine. (Text in
German)
overboard. The container is mounted on a
supporting base. It is held upright during
filling, and pivoted to an inclined outboard
position during emptying. A hinged lid with
spring attachment covers the top. The bottom,
also hinged, can be opened by a foot pedal
when the container is tilted overboard for
discharge. Replaceable disposal bags of
temporary oil- and liquid-proof paper material
are supported on the inside of the container,
and they slip out intact when the discharge
door is opened. ff -U-

i- n '( j£ 7
so
6-
OCEAN DISPOSAL
INT-0583
Lamb, J., and J. C. J. Croome (Shell Refining
and Marketing Company Limited). Improvements
in or relating to refuse receptacles. Great
Britain 711,931; filed Apr. 23, 1952; issued
July 14, 1954.

A pivotally mounted waste container disposes
of galley garbage and engine room wastes
87
..- /
'4=
-to
— 4
r
219
-------
Ocean Disposal
INT-0584
Gorton, T. S., Jr. Apparatus for dumping
debris from the deck of a vessel. Canada
609,839; filed Aug. 9, 1957; issued Dec. 6,
1960.

An apparatus for automatically discharging
debris from the deck of a vessel comprises
a pivoted auxiliary deck, adjacent to a side
of and on top of the main deck. The adjacent
side rail has an opening near the pivoted end
of the auxiliary deck. Debris is dumped onto
the auxiliary deck which is raised, while a
cover on the opening in the side rail is simul-
taneously opened to permit the debris to slide
down the auxiliary deck, through the opening,
and into the sea.
INT-0585
Bazilevskiy, I. V. Method of cleaning rivers.
U.S.S.R. 159,140; filed Oct. 16, 1962; issued
Nov. 22, 1963.

Compressed air is injected into the flowing
river water through a perforated pipe. The
pipe is laid between the riverbanks on the
bottom of the river at an oblique angle to the
direction of the flow. In rising to the
surface, the injected air induces a back- and
upward-directed flow of water, parallelling
the perforated pipe. This produces a station-
ary swell at the water surface, extending as
an oblique strip across most of the river.
This swell intercepts flotsam and oil with
the surface layer of the water and deflects
it toward riverbank traps. (Text in Russian)
INT-0586
Yatsenko, V. A. Self-propelled barge for
removal of flotsam from bodies of water.
U.S.S.R. 176,809; filed Dec. 30, 1963; issued
Nov. 17, 1965.

The barge has a reversing conveyor with a
water-permeable wire screen belt attached to
it. The alternative working positions of the
conveyor are: a lower one for collecting
flotsam from the water surface and conveying
it to a container, and an upper one for dis-
charging it from the conveyor to the shore.
A dumpcart running on a rail track on the
barge is attached by cable to a reversible
winch. In operation, the screen belt of the
220
-------
0584-0589
conveyor, in its lower working position, has
its far end dipping into the water. It moves
from the water surface to the dumpcart, and
it entrains the flotsam during the forward
motion of the barge on the water, and conveys
it into the dumpcart. When the cart is full,
the reversing winch pulls it along the container
into which its contents are dumped, manually
or with the aid of a special tipping device.
When the container is full, the hydraulic
cylinders turn the conveyor to its upper work-
ing position, in which it is inclined upward
toward the shore. The movement of the conveyor
belt motion is reversed while the hydraulic
cylinder slowly turns the container, discharging
its contents onto the moving conveyor belt.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0587
Derzhavets, A. Y., P. G. Kogan, and V. N.
Golubov (Central Planning-Designing Bureau No.
3). Device for cleansing bodies of water of
floating contaminants. U.S.S.R. 187,636;
filed Apr. 5, 1965; issued Oct. 11, 1966.

The device incorporates: a drum partially
immersed in water; a scraper for removing
oil film sticking to the drum; a comb for the
removal of floating debris; a container for
collecting oil; and a container for collecting
solid flotsam. In operation, teeth of the
comb pick up debris floating in front of the
drum and discharge it into the container.
Oil drains through openings in the container
into the oil container, from which it is
pumped into floating or shore-based storage
tanks. When f ul] , the flotsam container can
be lifted out and emptied. (Text in Russian)
INT-0588
Meisser, M. Equipment and method for cleaning
level water surfaces covered with floating
refuse and/or hydrocarbons. Switzerland
457,297; filed May 31, 1966; issued May 31,
1968.

The method involves encircling the polluted
area, collecting the surface layer by displace-
ment of a collecting device relative to the
water surface, treating the superficial layer
of water to eliminate the pollutants, and
discharging the treated water. The pollutants
are stored with a view toward their ultimate
elimination. One design variant of the
collecting device is a motor-driven, single-
hull vessel whose forepart consists of an
essentially horizontal screen of suitable
mesh size, fixed between two floating arms
opening towards the front. This vessel is
tied by a floating crossbar. While small
objects are sucked in by a pump located at
the juncture of the two floating arms, large
pieces of debris are picked up by a stiff,
netlike scoop. (Text in French)
14
L
INT-0589
Dunlea, J. V., Jr. Bulk disposal of rubbish.
Germany 1,274,051; filed Dec. 8, 1965;
issued Aug. 1, 1968.

The bulk disposal of rubbish is carried out
by grinding the rubbish, spraying it with
adhesive, compacting it into units denser
than water, and disposing of the units at
221
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Processing/Reduction

sea. The outer surfaces of the units are
sprayed with adhesive or bound with wire to
prevent them from disintegrating. Conveyors
transfer the rubbish through the processes
of grinding, spraying, and compacting. (Text
in German)
PROCESSING/REDUCTION
INT-0590
Petersen, K. Method of treating garbage.
Canada 439,477; filed Feb. 7, 1938; issued
Jan. 28, 1947.

Garbage containing a substantial quantity
of relatively solid components is supplied
to a rotatably mounted container. The garbage
is consolidated and the moisture is distri-
buted by the rotation of the container. The
action of the relatively solid components
effects grinding of the garbage. The
operation is continued until the garbage is
a loose and gritty mass. The ground matter
is subjected to screening to separate the
uniform mass from the residue. The
apparatus comprises a rotary grinding chamber,
with a grid forming its circumferential walls.
A fine conical screen surrounds the grid.
A rotary elevating device is provided with
at least one inlet opening to the interior
of the conical screen, and two outlet
openings, one of which connects with the
interior of the grinding chamber and the
other with the exterior of the grinding
chamber. A swingable flap valve delivers
the materials from the conical screen to
either of the outlet openings. The position
of the flap valve determines to which of
the openings the materials are sent.
INT-0591
(Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Company).
Improvements in or relating to garbage
reducing apparatus for attachment to a
sink. Great Britain 604,516; filed
Nov. 18, 1944; issued July 6, 1948.

A garbage-reducing apparatus for a sink
comprises a receiving chamber at its discharge
end, with cutting teeth and an outlet for
reduced material. A power-driven rotary
device impells the material against the
teeth. This device comprises a hub, and a
hammer pivotally connected to it. The
222
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0590-0594
hammer projects outward from the hub, so the
outer end of the hammer may yield in a
direction opposite to that in which it is
driven, in the event its movement is obstructed
during the operation of the rotary device.
The hammer, in its extended position, extends
close to the cutting teeth without engaging
them.
INT-0592
Haller, J. Scrap cutter. Canada 466,768;
filed Sept. 6, 1947; issued July 25, 1950.

A scrap cutter, connected to and operated
by a material-working machine having a
reciprocal member, includes a frame with a
guide structure and a blade carrier. One
cutting blade is connected to the frame;
another is connected to the blade carrier in
shearing relationship with the frame blade.
/T~\
Adjacent to the frame blade is a device for
guiding material to the frame blade. The
blade carrier and the reciprocal machine
member are interconnected by a mechanism
that moves the carrier in timed relationship
with the machine member. The mechanism
includes a lost-motion connection between the
carrier and the machine member, whereby the
carrier is moved a predetermined distance in
response to a different distance of motion of
the machine member.
INT-0593
Weststrate, W. A. G. Disposal equipment
for refuse and similar waste material.
Germany 804,191; filed Mar. 23, 1949;
issued Apr. 16, 1951.

The refuse is ground on a shredder-type surface
which is opposed by one or several friction-
producing devices. Shredding surfaces and
friction-producing devices are moved so that
the refuse is pressed down on the shredding
surface. The shredding surface acts as a
sieve. For more efficient shredding, the
refuse may be wetted. Underneath the shredding
surface is a collection plate with one or
more arms for removal of the sifted refuse
to the outlets. The arms have the form of a
W. The collection plate consists of a fine-
meshed sieve. The friction-producing devices
are mounted to an endless chain or band which
moves them over the shredding surface. The
device may also be mounted onto a wheel or
cylinder. (Text in German)

INT-0594
Hanhart-Sauberli, E. Method for reducing
the volume of small pieces of scrap iron.
Great Britain 662,819; filed July 19, 1949;
issued Dec. 12, 1951.

A roof-shaped hearth is constructed of
connected wooden laths partly filled with
readily combustible material such as paper,
wood chips, or small wood pieces. The outer
surface of this structure is then covered with
223
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Processing/Reduction
metal turnings and other small pieces of scrap
iron. Ignition and stirring of the wooden
structure readily converts the metal pieces
into a plastic condition, which can then be
separated into pieces of required size which
cool quickly for further disposal.
INT-0595
l.indemann, W. Improvements relating to
scrap pacKaging and baling presses. Great
Britain 709,867; filed July 1, 1952; issued
June 2, 1954.

A box for a baling press is provided with a
hinged cover and a fixed cutting edge. The
edge of the boi is of zig-zag form, which
prevents overhanging material from sliding
along the edge when the cover is being closed.
Knives are fitted to the inside edge of the
box and fixed by a clamping bar of zig-zag
shape, allowing ready interchange of blades
when required. (See also Germany 960,052)
INT-0596
Lindemann, W. Improvements relating to
scrap-breaking machines. Great Britain
740,119; filed Mar. 16, 1954; issued
Nov. 9, 1955. S
A scrap-breaking machine has a rotor provided
with hammers or similar implements and a chute,
or the like, in which the scrap is fed to the
rotor. The chute is provided with a charging
device in the form of a rake, and the bottom
of the chute is tangential to the curve
described by the rotating hammers, or the
like, of the rotor. (See also Great Britain
725,641)
INT-0597
Hammes, E. J. Rotor for waste comminuting
device. Canada 565,295; filed Aug. 26,
1955; issued Oct. 28, 1958.

A rotor unit is used in a machine for carrying
food waste in a rotary path to contact with a
comminuting ring. The unit is comprised
of a relatively soft center insert and an
outer circular cast plate, mechanically and
molecularly bonded to the insert. This
plate has radial ribs on the top surface
that extend outwardly from the insert. At
least one of these ribs has an off-center
upward projection extending above the ribs.
A mechanism for fastening the rotor substan-
tially fills the space between the ribs in
the center. The rotor has an annular row of
holes formed in the cast plate, adjacent
to the outer rim. The holes have an increasing
diameter from top to bottom through the plate.
These holes permit insertion of a puller tool.
INT-0598
Lindemann, W., and F. Van Endert (W.
Lindemann). Scrap shearing machine.
Australia 218,961; filed Mar. 4, 1957;
issued Dec. 5, 1958.

A scrap-shearing machine has plungers arranged
side by side, with shearing means adjacent to
them. Before being fed to the shears, the
scrap is compressed. The shearing means is
driven hydraulically. Each plunger comprises a
hollow cylinder in which there is a piston;
224
-------
0595-0600
each cylinder is movable relative to the piston.
Inclined guide surfaces xoiden to the shearing
means, which comprises a beam and guide mem-
bers, an upper shearing blade mounted on the
beam, and a fixed lower shearing blade. A
conveyor moves the scrap from the first shearing
means to the second, which cuts the scrap in a
direction transverse to that of the first shears.
INT-0599
Van Hook, H. B. Disposal apparatus.
Canada 567,722; filed Dec. 23, 1957; issued
Dec. 23, 1958.

A refuse disposal apparatus particularly
suitable for pulverizing, grinding, or shredding
waste matter, has a body with a horizontally
disposed upper open end, and opposed, downwardly
and inwardly converging front and rear walls,
which are connected at their lower ends. Thus,
they form the bottom of the apparatus. An
outlet in the body adjacent to its bottom is
adapted for connection to a drain. An arcuate
screen is supportably nested within and below
the open end, spaced from the front and rear
walls, and extending laterally across the
body. A power-operated hammermill rotor is
situated partially within the open end,
supported inside the screen. A cover is
mounted by a hinge on the body with a lateral
inlet. The cover has a horizontally disposed
lower open end, registering with the open end
of the body, and secured on it. The body and
cover include vertically registering sidewalls,
with opposed, semicircular slots formed in
the walls. Spaced bearings are centrally
mounted on the upper end of the body outside
these slots; the hammermill rotor, including
a drive shaft, extends through the slots and
bearings. A sealing ring is mounted in the
slots. Flexible inner and outer annular
sealing elements respectively engage the shaft
and slot-defining portions of the sidewalls.
Opposed annular discs on the opposite sides
of the ring engage the opposite sides of the
corresponding sidewall to retain them.

INT-0600
Shepherd, T. C. R. Shredding device for
waste matter. Germany 1,054,810; filed
Oct. 5, 1956; issued Apr. 9, 1959.

The shredding device for waste matter is
operated in the outlet of a kitchen sink, so
the outlet can be stoppered when desirable.
225
-------
Processing/Reduction
When the drain is open, the waste matter falls
into the shredder which comprises a housing
featuring a cogged ring and a rotor, driven
by an electric motor. The well attached to
the motor is directly connected with the
refuse reception chamber, and it is provided
with a drain located directly underneath the
rotor. The rotor area is also provided with
INT-0601
Strehlow, R. W., and G. W. Quast (Chain
Belt Company). Device for shredding
household waste matter. Germany 1,056,458;
filed Mar. 3, 1955; issued Apr. 30, 1959.

A shredding apparatus for household waste is
particularly recommended for food disposal in
restaurants or hospitals. This device consists
of a housing whose top part serves as a shaft,
and whose lower part is equipped with a
grinding chamber. The bottom of the grinding
chamber is a rotating disc driven by an
electric motor, provided with a housing for
allowing water to flow through. Centrifugal
force drives the ground pieces outward and
upward. The shredding device is also charac-
terized by radial slits in the outer rim of
the revolving disc, which have teeth working
together with the shredder. (Text in German)
a water spray directed outward, which keeps
the rotor components clean. (Text in German)
IIMT-0602
Macemon, H. J. (General Electric Company).
Garbage disposer. Germany 1,066,135; filed
Oct. 14, 1957; issued Sept. 24, 1959.

A garbage disposer includes a housing that
comprises a grinding chamber, and an inlet
226
-------
0601-0604
at the upper end for water and waste material.
The grinding chamber is provided with a moving
plate with flywheels on opposite sides. Each
flywheel is firmly connected by a pin, fitting
into a slit, with a narrow and a broad end.
The lower part of the housing has a flange
for a housing and an electric motor. (Text
in German)
INT-0603
(Buroma Buromaschinenvertriebs-G.m.b.H.).
Apparatus for shredding paper, cardboard
and other material. Great Britain 823,661;
filed Feb. 20, 1957; issued Nov. 18, 1959.

The apparatus improves the shredding process

JA
mainly for destruction of documents but also
for comminution of feathers, leather, foam
materials, etc., for filling beds or bolsters.
Raw material is dumped into a hopper which
feeds a shredding assembly, consisting of two
rotating cutter rollers on parallel shafts.
Each roller has a series of axially spaced
cutter discs, with radially projecting, saw-
toothed cutter teeth. The teeth on the two
discs engage so their peripheries overlap.
Shredded material drops into a collecting
compartment in the lower portion of the unit
casing. Power is provided by an electric
motor, with controls mounted on a front panel
with a safety cutoff button. The whole
assembly is encased in a sheet metal cabinet.
-26
INT 0604
(Hartzerkleinerungs- und Zement Maschinenbau
G.m.b.H.). Improvements in or relating to
methods of and machines for comminuting
accumulator scrap. Great Britain 828,021;
filed July 24, 1957; issued Feb. 10, 1960.

A combination centrifugal impact and air
grinding mill selectively comminutes accumu-
lator scrap without preliminary sorting. A
high-speed impeller with projecting cutter
blades is mounted in a housing with a feed
opening through which raw material is intro-
duced. Impact plates, mounted opposite to
the impeller periphery, reflect material back
to the impeller for further comminution. Two
inclined shaker screens, respectively fine
and coarse, receive comminuted material from
the impeller through the action of a blower
227
-------
Processing/Reduction
delivery pipe. Receptacles below the screen
collect screened material, with the excess led
out through an overflow. An outlet pipe is
situated high in the opposite wall. Fine
material is predominantly soft lead; coarse
is primarily hard lead, with high antimony
content.
INT-0605
Dunwody, A. B. Process for cleaning and
pulping waste paper and rag pulps. Canada
596,312; filed Sept. 17, 1957; issued Apr.
19, 1960.

An aqueous suspension of wastepaper and fibrous
material of 2.5 to 5 percent by weight is
subjected to impact action in a cylindrical
disintegrating zone, having a vertical axis
to release fibers from the material and propel
them outwardly. The thrown material is
screened; radial streams of water separate
the fibers further if they do not pass through
the screen. The speed of the centrifugal
action is 2,700 to 3,600 rpm. This process
prevents the excessive shortening of the fibers
of the cellulosic material, and cleans the
material by removing contaminants with a
minimum loss of good pulp, and without the
need for excessive pulping in a conventional
beater or hydrapulper. (See also Canada
672,539)
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INT-0606
Jonsson, E. J. J. Improvements in or
relating to bale presses for paper, rags,
straw, peat and the like. Great Britain
836,713; filed Aug. 17, 1956; issued
June 9, 1960.
The press structure comprises a floor base
supporting two opposite parallel channel
iron uprights, held by a cross member at the
top. The compression assembly comprises a
pressure plate fixed to two rachet piston bars
supported by the top cross member, and operated
228
-------
0605-0609
by a manually driven wheel. The container
walls are six rectangular steel sheets con-
nected at their vertical edges by hinges.
After locking the walls into position, the
material for baling is dumped in, and com-
pressed. Upon completion of baling, the
hinged walls are unfolded, and the bale
discharged.
INT-0607
Riedel, E. 0. Procedure and device for
processing municipal waste. Germany 1,082,861;
filed Jan. 15, 1958; issued June 9, 1960.

This is a procedure and a device comprising
metal components for the processing of municipal
and industrial waste. The waste matter is
sorted into hard and soft components, the
former being ground to dust and the latter
into fibers, and thoroughly mixed. The ground
material is compressed and sealed in airtight
containers. The advantages of this procedure
are in the double action of the processing--that
of grinding the hard particles, and of tearing
apart the fibers. Preparation of the material
for aerobic fermentation is aLso part of this
process. (Text in German)
INT-0608
Lindemann, W. Improvements relating to
scrap briquetting presses. Great Britain
849,031; filed June 18, 1958; issued
Sept. 21, 1960.
This press provides a means for briquetting
metal turnings, shavings, and the like. The
press comprises a chamber, a plunger movable
in the chamber, and a prerharging chamber
in front of the charging opening of the press
chamber. There is a ram reciprocable in the
precharging chamber toward and away from the
charging opening. This ram i« provided with
blades which proiect radially outward, ffie
ram pushes tb° material ftoir t'v. pr-'C *.-•> ryl p°
chamber to the press cl'mnh^r, and opt-rates
satisfactorily even if t! ° n -nV'^J t"' "i\ ard
structure of the mateiii] varies great Ls .
The ramming device not only effects the
filling of the press chamber , but also enables
a considerably greater weight of material to
be introduced into the rhambet than would be
possible with vibrators or a stirring mechanism.
The stroke or frequency of the stamping device,
or both, are adjustable so when the composition
of the material to be briauetted changes, the
machine mav be adiusted to tnaxlimi- efficiency.
INT-0609
Levishko, A. A. Device for feeding metal
and wood shavings in roller rtusliers.
U.S.S.R. 137,332; filed Oct. 3!, 1960;
issued Apr. 10, 1961.

A crank is coupled to a rotating crusher-roller
shaft by shifting a clutch lever, thereby
setting a plate into ieciprooating motion.
229
-------
Processing/Reduction
The teeth of the plate hook into and drag along,
during the downward stroke, the shavings
charged into the hopper, and unhook during
the upward stroke. The upward displacement
of the shavings is restrained by retaining
teeth. The length of the plate stroke (and
the amount of shavings fed per stroke) can be
adjusted. The amount of shavings fed per unit
time can also be controlled by intermittent
coupling and uncoupling of the device from
the crusher-roller shaft. (Text in Russian)
_T
I / 4 I
INT-0610
Holman, F. L. (W. Goodall Proprietary
Limited). Combined waste chopper and
exhaust fan. Australia 235,441; filed
Apr. 29, 1959; issued Sept. 7, 1961.

A pneumatic waste-conveying system has an
axial flow centrifugal fan. The fan has a
rotor consisting of a plurality of spokes.
Each spoke, with a fan blade, radiates from
a central boss, fixed to a shaft journalled
in or to one side of the casing of the fan.
The casing has spaced sidewalls, one giving
space for the shaft or journal, and the other
incorporating the air inlet. At least one
stationary blade extends across the air
inlet, and at least one blade rotates with
the fan near the inlet blade. Pieces of
paper, leather, plastic, and other waste
materials are chopped by the blades while
passing through the air inlet, and are
carried by the stream of air to the outlet.
The stationary blades have replaceable cutting
edges.
INT-0611
Chalyy-Prilutskiy, A. N., and V. A.
Prilutskiy. Equipment for vibratory cutting
and chopping of shavings. U.S.S.R. 147,412;
filed Mar. 28, 1961; issued May 21, 1962.

The essential features of the equipment are
a frequency generator and an electromagnetic
driver, serving as a vibrator, whose core acts
on a cutting tool. The rod transmitting the
vibrations of the driver to the cutting tool
is guided near its lower end by a ball-bearing
guide, improving the performance of the
driver. The entire driver can be raised and
lowered by a wheel to establish the proper
contact between the rod and the cutting tool
during assembly. The driver works in conjunc-
tion with the frequency generator, and it can
be mounted in any position. (Text in Russian)
INT-0612
Maldaner, H. (W. Lindemann). Scrap baling
process. Germany 1,135,764; filed Feb. 8,
1958; issued Aug. 30, 1962.

A scrap-baling press consists of a chamber
with a hinged lid on one side. There is
another cover arranged parallel to the face
of the first lid. Very little is between
them. Both covers are provided with serrations
that engage when the covers are closed. (See
also Germany 802,784) (Text in German)
H
10
A
r
230
-------
0610-0615
INT0613
Riddell, L. H. (Deighton's Patent Flue
and Tube Company Limited). Apparatus for
collecting water-borne refuse. Great
Britain 917,710; filed Mar. 13, 1959;
issued Feb. 6, 1963.

Waterborne refuse is dewatered in a tank in
which a partial vacuum can be produced. The
refuse is sucked through a valve-controlled,
large-capacity inlet near one end of the tank.
A reciprocating pusher plate is power-operated,
and it compresses the refuse toward the end
of the tank adjacent to the refuse inlet.
This presses the surplus liquid from the
refuse, and ejects the refuse through a dis-
charge aperture of the tank. A device limits
the stroke of the pusher plate so it stops
short of the inlet. This arrangement ensures
that all incoming refuse is fully compressed
and dewatered, and minimizes the possibility
of solid refuse spilling over the pusher plate
at the inlet opening and getting behind this
plate. This would interfere with its operation
or cause trouble in the liquid disposal
conduits. The apparatus is vehicle-mounted.
(See also Great Britain 934,769)
INT-0614
Lukashov, V. F. Device for shredding waste
paper. U.S.S.R. 157,214; filed Sept. 24,
1962; issued Sept. 25, 1963.

The device consists of: a charging section,
consisting of a hopper and a chain conveyor;
a shredding section, consisting of two feed
rollers formed of spaced discs; a cutting
drum, which is similarly formed of spaced
discs interlaced with those of the rollers;
and a compacting section. Wastepaper charged
into the hopper is entrained by the chain
conveyor, and advanced toward the feed rollers.
The wastepaper is then fed by them to the
cutting drum. The paper is cut into separate
3-mm-by-2-mm chaff. The paper then drops
into the loading chamber where it is compacted
into a briquette. (Text in Russian)
INT-0615
Vtyurin, N. I. Unit for briquetting metal
shavings with the aid of electric heat.
U.S.S.R. 145,898; filed Sept. 12, 1960;
issued Oct. 18, 1963.

The unit incorporates a pressure mold of
variable volume. In operation, metal shavings
charged into the hopper fill the 1-m-by-1-m-by-
0.5-m pressure mold, whose side panels are
turned to a vertical position. A mobile
insert is pushed by the carriage of a hydraulic
cylinder, compacting the charge and confining
it to a 1-m high, 0.25-m long, 0.5-m wide
volume. The piston of the hydraulic cylinder
now pushes down, compacting the charge again,
while an electric current is passed through
the charge (40 to 60 amperes at 12 to 15
volts). Owing to high local resistance at
numerous contact spots among the shavings,
the metal heats so the briquette is sintered
while being compacted. After releasing the
piston pressure and returning the mobile insert
to its initial position, the briquette is

231
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Processing/Reduction

pushed out onto the roller conveyor. The
process of making one briquette requires
3 minutes. (Text in Russian)
INT-0616
Raizk, A., and L. Raizk (Selec Enterprises,
Inc.). Scrap metal breaker. Great Britain
953,163; filed Feb. 12, 1963; issued Mar. 25,
1964.

A scrap metal breaker comprises vertical
guide channels held by a frame. The frame
includes leg structures extending outward and
downward to support the guide channels above a
floor. There is a cylindrical dropping bar,
which has opposed protrusions parallel to its
axis and embraced in the guide channels. There
is a gear rack on the dropping bar parallel
to the protrusions. There is a breaking tip
in one end of the dropping bar. A prime mover
assembly includes a motor and a gear, shaped
to engage the teeth in the gear rack. The
prime mover assembly is connected to the
frame so that it has restricted movement in a
direction nonaxial to the dropping bar. There
is a device to move the prime mover assembly
relative to the frame, into and out of
engagement with the rack. The rack extends
upward from the breaking tip of the dropping
IIMT-0617
Hashiyama, K. Steel and iron lathe cutting
scrap compressor. Japan 39-6,041; filed
Feb. 10, 1963; issued Apr. 30, 1964.

This compressor effectively presses spiral
chips and similar scraps of steel and iron
produced by the lathe-cutting process. The
press block is equipped with reciprocating
striker rods which drastically reduce the
tremendous deformation stress caused when
scrap is pressed evenly, thus making it
possible to operate the compressor with less
hydraulic power. The device consists of a
feeder, a cover, a pair of horizontal press
bar to a distance which is at least equal to
the height of the gear above the floor.
ea
blocks (one on the left and the other on the
right) and a vertical press block. Power
other than hydraulic may be used. Both the
feeder and the cover are on the platform of
the equipment. Operated by a hydraulic
232
-------
0616-0620
cylinder, the former, which is located on
one side of the feed-in port, slides along
the platform as its scraper turns downward
to push the scrap into the compression room
below. The latter, located on the other
side of the feed-in port, turns downward to
close the cover securely. Each horizontal
press block is equipped with several pistons,
which reciprocate rapidly to strike he scrap
as the entire horizontal press block operates.
The vertical press block, also equipped with
piston rods , moves upward along the inner
ends of the horizontal press blocks while
in operation. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0618
Martin, W. J. Equipment for conveying and
fragmenting refuse. Germany 1,173,403;
filed Jan. 20, 1960; issued July 9, 1964.

Equipment is provided for reducing large pieces
of conveyed refuse to a size acceptable for
incineration. It consists of two converging,
endless conveyor belts or chains. They are
mounted in a framework and move at variable
individual speeds to transport the introduced
refuse through a space between them. Provision
is made for reversing the direction of motion
of the conveyors. Oversize pieces of refuse
are made smaller by means of rollers, with
sharp projecting teeth, located at the opening
confluence of the two conveyors. Following
their passage through these rollers, the
fragmented refuse passes on for subsequent
incineration. (Text in German)
IIMT-0619
Heinz, A., and F. Klasse. Disc crusher for
breaking up old paper and other paper waste.
Switzerland 379,901; filed July 28, 1960;
issued July 15, 1964.

This device consists of an upper stationary
disc, and a lower disc movable about a
vertical axis. The waste material enters via
a vertical inlet duct above the two discs.
The inlet is equipped for the adjustment of
distance between the two discs. The inlet
duct ends perpendicularly on the lower one.
Distribution of the waste material between
the discs is achieved by a distributor
shaped like a propeller. The lower disc is
driven by an electric motor. The discs have
radial, wavy protrusions. Their tops cooperate
linearly. The shredded material which falls
over the edges is collected in a chamber. The
mill is cleaned with a water jet. The shredder
has the advantage of tearing the paper without
shortening the binding fiber. The shredded
waste material is therefore suited for reuse.
(Text in German)
INT-0620
Fadin, P. L. Machine for reprocessing
timber-sawing and lumber-dressing wastes
into industrially usable wood chips.
U.S.S.R. 164,786; filed June 4, 1963;
issued Aug. 19, 1964.

The machine comprises a cylindrical drum
whose walls have bosses of a shape for
positioning and fastening five cutting knives.
The cutting edges of the knives are positioned
233
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Processing/Reduction
at an angle between 28 and 30 degrees with
respect to the entering wood wastes. This
makes it possible to fix the length of the
chips within specified limits, and to split
the wood along the grain. A stationary
counterknife is mounted on the frame of the
machine and placed at an angle between 29 and
31 degrees with respect to wood wastes. Wood
waste is fed by a device consisting of lower
and upper serrated rollers. A template is
hinged to the frame, which can be swung out
of the way, and which serves to insure the
required clearance (0.2 to 0.3 mm) between
the drum knives and the counterknife when the
former are being positioned and fastened on
the drum. (Text in Russian)
INT-0621
Leontyev, I. A., and N. M. Nikitin.
Mechanized drop hammer for smashing metal
scrap. U.S.S.R. 167,121; filed June 12,
1961; issued Dec. 12 , 1964.

The equipment consists of a drophammer mounted
on a platform travelling on a rail track, and
straddling an anvil strip on the bottom of an
open trench. It includes a separate travelling
jib crane, provided with a load-lifting electro-
magnet. The drop-x-jeight is permanently
attached to one end of the load cable, on
which it is suspended above the anvil strip.
The other end of this cable is fastened to
the drum of a winch connected with its drive
shaft. To lift the drop-weight, the clutch
is engaged to wind the load cable on the drum.
To let this weight drop, the clutch is dis-
engaged, and the cable unwinds. In operation,
the crane places scrap metal onto the anvil
strip and lifts out its fragments at various
positions along the trench, so that the
smashing operation can be performed by the
travelling drophammer with very brief
interruptions. (Text in Russian)
IIMT-0622
Bode, J., W. Nickel, and F. Pyter (Schuechter-
mann and Kremer-Baum Aktiengesellschaft fuer
Aufbereitung). Refuse incinerator residue
treatment. Germany 1,192,994; filed Nov. 9,
1964; issued May 20, 1965.

Refuse incinerator residues are worked up
by comminution and classification. The
ash and clinker are sieved out of the
residues in a size fraction between 0 and
about 30 mm, and postclassification is
carried out. The oversize from the preclas-
sifying screen is reduced in a breaker, and
the ferrous components are separated by
magnets. The mineral components are
combined with the material passing the screen,
and classified further. (Text in German)
INT-0623
Conrad, E. von Hartzerkleinerungs und
Zement-Maschinenbau Gesellschaft). Mechanical
pretreatment of mixed garbage and industrial
waste. Germany 1,204,604; filed Oct. 19,
1962; issued Nov. 11, 1965.

Raw waste material, consisting of hard and
soft constituents, is initially passed
234
-------
0621-0625
through a coarse grinder onto an intermediate
sieve. The unscreenable coarse residue is
then passed through a secondary hammermill
and subsequently sifted through another sieve.
The combined residues comprise the final
comminuted product. In order to remove ferrous
material, a magnet is introduced immediately
before the initial grinding. (Text in
German)
attain compacting ratios between 1 to 8,
and 1 to 12. (Text in Russian)
INT 0624
Rukas, V. A., and E. S. Klenovskiy. Screw
injection machine for reprocessing
thermoplastics. U.S.S.R. 176,676; filed
Oct. 28, 1963; issued Nov. 17, 1965.

The machine consists of a screw and a hopper
mounted on flanges. The constant-pitch screw
has three segments, and the first one-and-a-
half turns of the thread have sharpened crests
whose radial distance from the axis increases,
like that of a point of an Archimedian
spiral, from the center. The hopper is
equipped with rotating rollers pressed
against each other by springs. In operation,
large pieces, crumpled films, or tube-production
wastes are charged into the hopper and are fed,
by the rollers, into the housing through an
opening in the flange. The sharpened turns
of the slowly rotating screw score the pieces
of plastic and pull them into the space between
the turns. The design makes it possible to
INT-0625
Moesch, J. (Fornax A.G.). Compacting device
for a central refuse disposal facility in
apartment houses. Switzerland 405,154;
filed July 30, 1963; issued Dec. 31, 1965.
235
-------
Processing/Reduction
The compacting device consists of the usual
tube whose end narrows, is covered by a coaxial
tubular shell which can be moved on the tube
and is retained by springs. The device, which
consists of a pronged compacting unit, is
flexibly arranged at the tubular shell. In
the rest position, it is outside the range
of the refuse container in the basement.
For use, the compactor is moved over the con-
tainer and lowered. After compaction, the
unit is lifted by springs and manually returned
to the rest position. (Text in German)
INT-0626
Bondkirch, J. A. (Foremost Machine Builders,
Inc.). Plastic waste grinder. Germany
1,210,663; filed Nov. A, 1961; issued Feb.
10, 1966.

A plastic waste grinder has a feed hopper and
a cutting chamber, whose casing contains a
rotor with knives that act together with sta-
tionary blades. The grinder is provided on
the discharge side with a sieve. The opposing
stationary knives are arranged at an acute
angle, in relation to the direction of rota-
tion. The wall leading from the top to the
opposite lower knife, first extends vertically,
and then forms a conical feed channel with the
circumference of the rotor. (Text in German)
INT-0627
Iwaasa, Y. Scrap compressor. Japan 41-3,957;
filed July 10, 1963; issued Mar. 7, 1966.

This compressor can operate on differing mate-
rials such as iron, which once compressed,
does not resume its volume, or materials of a
flexible or elastic nature, such as paper,
textiles, and rubber, which must be bound in
order to prevent their return to original
volume and shape. In compressing iron scrap,
compressor A is used. The scrap is dumped
through the lid, compressed between the board
attached to the hydraulically-operated rod
and the sidewall of the box, and removed.
When scrap such as paper is to be compressed,
the sidewall of compressor A is unhinged, and
that of compressor B is connected. The scrap
is then compressed between the board attached
to the rod and the sidswall of the compressor
B. The belt for binding the material is
inserted through the ridge of the board or the
sidewall. The bundled material is taken out
after unhinging the sidewall of compressor B.
(Text in Japanese)
Is *
INT-0628
Conrad, E. von (Hartzerkienerungs und Zement-
Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft). Self-propelling
assembly for refuse treatment. Germany
1,221,587; filed Apr. 30, 1962; issued July
28, 1966.

This mechanism comprises a transport belt ,
magnet rolls, a screening machine, and a
beater mill. The aggregate is mounted on a
K
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IS
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236
-------
0626-0632
chassis which has individual hydraulic wheel
drive. Centrally at the front, and immediately
to the side of a visual control, is a grab
crane pivoting on a vertical pylon, with
hydraulic drive and hydraulic control. A
reception hopper is directly behind this ,
having its base as a conveyor belt. A current
generator is centrally placed on the chassis,
approximately at the center of gravity, and
the beater mill is placed at the end of the
chassis. (Text in German)
INT-0629
Alleso, S. G. S. (Dano Ingeniorforretning og
Maskinfabrik, Ingenior Kaj Petersen's Fond).
Refuse mill. Germany 1,224,594; filed Oct.
19, 1963; issued Sept. 8, 1966.

The refuse mill has a cylindrical grinding
chamber which is fed through one end and
discharges through the other. The discharge
end is fitted with a perforated disc which is
designed to present the outgoing material
with a cross sectional area that varies in an
amount directly proportional to the amount of
material in the chamber. This is accomplished
by several designs which concentrate the cross
sectional area of the disc at its center.
(Text in German)
INT-0630
Dorofeyev, Y. G., B. A. Lebedev, and N. T.
Zherditskiy. Installation for compressing
metal shavings. U.S.S.R. 187,054; filed Mar.
15, 1965; issued Oct. 11, 1966.

The installation consists of a charging hopper
with a worm conveyor; a compacting die and a
pressing die mounted on opposite ends of a
horizontal slide plate alternately shifted
between two working positions; a press with
a movable anvil and a conveyor located below
it; an elevator; a heating furnace; a discharg-
ing chute; and a storage container. Metal
shavings charged into the hopper are fed by
the worm conveyor into the compacting die,
while the slide plate is in its right-hand
position. The slide plate is next shifted
to the left-hand position, placing the
filled compacting die below the plunger
of the press, which compresses the shavings
into an intermediate compact. The anvil is
pulled aside, and the compact is pushed out
of the die. The compact travels by conveyor
to the elevator to be charged into the heating
furnace, from which the heated compact is fed
by the discharging chute into the pressing
die. The heated compact is pressed into a
final briquette and is stored in a container.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0631
Faerber, L. Procedure and device for baling
of refuse. Germany 1,235,223; filed Aug.
27, 1965; issued Feb. 23, 1967.

Refuse is baled in a packing container , where
it is stirred and mixed with a liquid or pul-
verizing agent before compression. From there
it emerges in the shape of discs. The binder
used in the mixture is of an easily inflammable
kind, and in addition, sterilizing and deodor-
izing agents are incorporated. The container
for packing the refuse is provided with several
pressure chambers, and with a mixing device
which uses air pressure or a stirrer. (Text
in German) ,-»
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INT-0632
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan Company, Ltd.).
Scrap cutting and compressing device. Japan
42-8,258; filed Jan. 13, 1965; issued
-------
Processing/Reduction
bulk, increases its specific gravity, makes it
easy to handle, and lowers the transportation
cost. The device consists of two connected
parts: one to transfer the scrap, and the other
to cut and compress it. The scrap is pushed
by the cylinder to the compressing and cutting
part. After compression, the board with the
cutting blade comes down on the fixed blade
below, and the scrap is cut. Then, with the
operation of a compression cylinder, it is
again pressed so it has a high specific gravity.
Since the cutting and compressing part is con-
nected with the part which transports the scrap,
the device can be operated very efficiently.
It can cut and compress continuously. (See
also Japan 41-1,752 and 42-6,795) (Text in
Japanese)
".7
INT-0633
Yazikov, M. P. Hammermill for crushing refuse.
U.S.S.R. 196,537; filed Dec. 21, 1965; issued
May 16 , 1967.
A hammermill consists of a housing in which a
rotor equipped with hammers is located. The
lower part of the housing contains a shaft
with milling cutter disks mounted on stiff
annular shock absorbers. It also contains a
grating, one side of which pivots on an axis,
while the other is attached to a vibrator.
In operation, sorted domestic refuse is fed
steadily by the feeder into the housing, where
it meets the hammers of the rotors, is crushed
in flight, and thrown against the walls of
the housing lined with abrasive plates. The
final crushing and pulverization of the mate-
rial takes place on the grating, kept in
oscillation motion by the vibrator. This
motion promotes the pulverization of the refuse
and the self-purification of the grating from
particles of moist refuse stuck to it, and
wedged in its openings. Uncrushed fibrous
material is pulled through by the rotor hammers
between the milling cutters, and this material
is cut owing to the difference of circumferen-
tial speeds of the hammers and milling cutters.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0634
(Komprimator A.B.). Refuse collector. Germany
1,256,870; filed Jan. 28, 1959; issued Dec. 21,
1967.

A refuse collector that can compact bin contents
passed in a stream under the refuse shaft com-
prises an extension below the shaft which moves
away from the mouth and connects at one side to
the compactor punch. Extension and punch are
steered by a scanner over the respective bin.
A feeler, subordinate to the punch, probes the
bin level, and, if full, a pusher moves the
bin out and brings an empty one in under the
shaft. No refuse is fed during compacting.
(Text in German)
7-
238
-------
0633-0638
INT-0635
Clements, F. J., and J. W. Yartz (General
Electric Company). Mounting of a garbage
grinder below a kitchen sink. Switzerland
450,309; filed Apr. 22, 1965; issued Jan.
15, 1968.

This grinder may be firmly attached to the sink
and aligned with the waste pipe of the sink,
without subjecting the sink to undue distortion
and consequent internal stresses. There is a
set of identical S-shaped clamps. These are
hooked into pairs of slots in a ring clamped
around a special sleeve, fitted into the outlet
opening of the sink. The neck of the grinder
is supported by a packing ring. By rotating
the supported grinder, the required angular
alignment of its outlet opening is readily
effected. (Text in German)
INT-0636
Hofmann, H., and D. Stickelberger (Voith
Mullex G.m.b.H.). Apparatus for the process-
ing of refuse. Switzerland 441,179; filed
May 20, 1966; issued Jan. 15, 1968.

An apparatus designed to process decaying
domestic and industrial wastes features a
bin for the matter, under which is a device
for fragmentation. The fragmentation action
is regulated by the pressure of the material
fed into the bin , and is effected by an
impact, vertical to the grater surface. That
surface consists of a revolving band, whose
receiving end is constructed to catch the
matter from the bin in a receptacle, and which
has a built-in deflecting plate. The grater
is fitted with a device to control the incoming
material from the bin. The grater is enclosed
in a rotating cylinder that acts as a sieve.
(Text in German)
INT-0637
Lundgren, G. A. L. (Komprimator A.B.).
Machines for receiving and compressing mate-
rial such as rubbish and other refuse. Great
Britain 1,112,958; filed Nov. 16, 1966; issued
May 8, 1968.

The machine comprises a series of containers,
arranged in a row, into which refuse is col-
lected and compressed. The entire assembly is
supported and interconnected by a common
channel iron framework. Each unit is provided
with a front panel door for removal of waste,
and a metal panel which encloses the rear area.
Compression of refuse is achieved by a power-
driven device provided with a piston-driven
ram. This unit moves on horizontal rails at
the top of the assembly. When it is automati-
cally aligned above each container, the ram
is operated to compress the refuse. Since the
containers are lined with bags, the compressed
garbage can easily be removed.
74
INT-0638
Tezuka, K. Scrap compressor. Japan 43-10,946;
filed Mar. 18, 1965; issued May 8, 1968.

This scrap compressor reduces power consumption
while it utilizes a set of suitable compression
plates that operate on respectively smaller
areas. The vertically movable disc, which is
lowered into the cylindrical scrap chamber,
239
-------
Processing/Reduction
has compression plates fixed to its surface.
The disc can be rotated either vertically or
axially. In proportion to the economy of the
power in use, the compressor can be lightweight.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0639
Neuenburg, K., and H. Born (DEMAG A.G.).
Refuse compactor. Germany 1,269,944; filed
Aug. 5, 1966; issued June 6, 1968.

This refuse compactor collects material in
a container and passes it to a compression
chamber, where a plunger forces it against
a releasable abutment. Beside the fill cham-
ber, a transfer space, secured by the cone of
material carried by the plunger itself, connects
through a transfer hole to the compression
caamber. Transfer and compression chambers
are offset so that as it strokes forward, the
plunger both compacts the material in the
compression chamber and moves material being
loaded toward the transfer hole. The material
falls through the transfer hole to the compres-
sion chamber, each time the plunger strokes
backward. (Text in German)
INT-G640
Gros, A., and P. Buhrer. Device intended for
breaking packaging, particularly glass bottles.
Switzerland 460,499; filed July 22, 1966;
issued July 31 , 1968.

This device consists of a container enclosing
the bottles to be broken, a firing pin, capable
240
-------
0639-0642
of being cocked, and a triggering device for
releasing the firing pin which strikes the
bottles. The firing pin may be propelled by a
compression spring which is cocked manually,
directly or through the intervention of a
lever, or else by compressed air. The firing
pin, the cocking device, and the triggering
device may be installed in a handle attached to
the container. The container may have the
shape of a gun, a beer mug, or a flatiron,
and may be provided with hinged covers at one
end only or at both ends. (Text in French)
INT-0641
Broadhurst, D. (Simon Handling Engineers
Limited). Improvements in or relating to a
press for baling scrap metal. Great Britain
1,122,492; filed Nov. 24, 1965; issued Aug.
7, 1968.

This baling press for scrap metal has a top-
loading compression chamber which is closed
by a releasably locked lid during a baling
operation- A hydraulically operated ram
effects the baling operation, and a hydraulic
ejector ram raises a portion of the compres-
sion chamber floor. When the floor is elevated,
a forklift truck can be used to remove the
bale.
INT-0642
Ryo, S. Automatic compression of metal scraps.
Japan 44-3,940; filed Aug. 15, 1961; issued
Feb. 18, 1969.

This device to cut, compress, and mold the
metal scraps from lathes, etc., works by the
rotation of rollers with different speeds.
Scrap metal is dropped into the device in a
certain quantity at regular intervals. The
device revolves and has wings spaced at even
intervals. A pair of arc-shaped boards open
and shut the cylindrically shaped compression
case. The first compression section dumps,
receives, and carries out preliminary compres-
sion. The molding section forms an approximate
parabola shape in cross section, and compresses
the metal scrap again. These operations are
carried out automatically and efficiently in
continuous operation. It takes 5 seconds to
dump the metal scraps, 3 seconds to close the
case, 20 seconds to ram or compress it, and
14 seconds to ram back. If one pack weighs
150 kg, it is possible to process about 90
241
-------
Processing/Reduction
tons in a 7-hr day. With this device, the
defects of the box-shaped press, the small
cylinder press, and the friction press are
eliminated. This device is more effective
because compression occurs in a unidirectional
movement. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0643
Matsubayashi, Y. Device for garbage pretreat-
ment before incineration. Japan 44-4,720;
filed Sept. 1, 1965; issued Feb. 26, 1969.

A pretreatment device for garbage incineration
provides a device to compress the dumped
garbage at the bottom of the charging hopper,
or in the course of sending the garbage from
the hopper to the incinerator. There is a
rolling mechanism provided to adjust the gap
size. The cake, which is sent out from the
roller, is cut and unfurled by the rotating,
cutting, and scraping device. Although the
lower roller is stationary, the upper roller
can move up or down by the adjustment screw,
so that the compression ratio can be adjusted.
The compressed cake is pushed out onto the
movable table, which is kept at horizontal
position for a certain period of time. Then
the table tilts at an angle for a certain
period of time, and goes back to the horizon-
tal position. While the table is in a
horizontal position, the cake is moved onto
it without being touched with the rotating
blade. After a period of time, the cake is
pushed to the bottom of the rotating blade.
It is then cut vertically into small pieces
and scraped; it falls into the incinerator by
the rotating centrifugal force. (Text in
Japanese)
(4)
INT-0644
Tezuka, K. Blocks of solid wastes enveloped
by a concealing material. Switzerland 467,707;
filed Feb. 26, 1968; issued Mar. 14, 1969.

Blocks of solid waste, which can be used to
fill up rivers and embankments, are composed
of dehydrated, compacted refuse enveloped by
concealing materials. The density of
these blocks of covered wastes should exceed
1.1 in the case of sea disposal. The forms
and dimensions of the waste blocks should be
so determined as to facilitate their easy
transportation and stacking. The blocks can
also be used as construction material. The
covering material can be metallic or synthetic
resin sheets frequently reinforced by a network
of thread or wire; reticular coverings can
also be utilized. Blocks of waste can contain
quicklime, washing powder» carbolic acid,
cresol, boric acid, salicylic acid and similar
substances, to prevent ultimate fermentation,
decomposition, and growth of fungi within the
blocks. (Text in French)
.la
INT-0645
Hasegawa, T. (Kitajima Seisakusho). Device
to eliminate water from garbage. Japan
44-6,357; filed Dec. 9, 1965; issued Mar.
18, 1969.

A device to eliminate water from garbage,
after separating inflammables (wood, bamboo,
garbage, paper, etc.) from nonflammables
(earth, stone, sand, glass, metals, etc.),
works by compression. The inflammables are
separated from the nonflammables by utilizing
the differences in specific gravity in water.
The water adheres to or penetrates into the
wastes so that the garbage contains a consider-
able amount. Therefore, dehydration is the
next stage of treatment. This pretreatment
is continuous. At the bottom of the lower
cylinder is a receiving piston; the upper
cylinder has the pushing piston. The two
cylinders are equipped with an oil pump, which
transmits pressurized oil in order to operate
these two pistons. There is also a horizon-
tal cylinder which operates a horizontal
piston to let the compressed garbage fall out
of the compression cylinder after it has been
compressed, dehydrated, and ejected by the
falling of the receiving piston. During the
compression, water contained in the garbage
is dehydrated approximately 60 percent under
the pressure of 3 to 20 kg per cu cm. The
242
-------
0643-0648
compression and dehydration operation is
carried out automatically; thus, the dehydra-
tion of large quantities of garbage can occur
continuously, simply and efficiently. (Text
in Japanese)
INT-0646
Van Endert, F. (Lindemann Maschinenfabrik
G.m.b.H.). Shears for cutting up scrap and
the like. Australia 290,104; filed Aug. 11,
1964; issued Apr. 2, 1969.

Shears for cutting scrap are composed of a
main blade which lies in a cutting plane
extending across the direction in which the
scrap is moved into the shears. The cutting
edge is inclined in this plane and includes
two portions which are inclined in the same
direction relative to the cutting edge of the
coacting blade. A drive is provided to move
one blade toward the other. Between these
is a step and two cooperating auxiliary
blades located in a cutting plane perpendicular
to that of the main and coacting blades. The
two cooperating auxiliary blades pass through
the step. One of the auxiliary blades is
fixed to the main blade, and its cutting edge
passes through the projecting corner of the
step. The other auxiliary blade is attached
to the coacting blade so the two auxiliary
blades make a cut through the scrap in a
direction at right angles to that made by the
main and coacting blades.
INT-0647
Gross, C. (LOCA Holding- und Finanz-G.m.b.H.).
Crusher for bulky waste. Switzerland 471,660;
filed Dec. 15, 1967; issued Apr. 30, 1969.

A crusher has been devised for glass bottles
and cans. It consists of a rigid oblique wall
and a movable oblique opposite wall. The two
walls face each other in a funnel shape. A
shaft is formed by the two sidewalls. The
bottles and cans fall through this shaft
while being crushed. The crushed waste falls
through a flap into a container underneath the
crusher. The two steel walls are ribbed, to
prevent bottles and cans from slipping back
toward the entrance. The movable wall is
operated by an eccentric crank drive. The
centerline of the connecting rod cuts the
movable wall in its center. (Text in German)
INT-0648
Van Endert, F. (Lindemann Maschinenfabrik).
Improvements in the processing of scrap metal.
Australia 291,295; filed Dec. 9, 1964; issued
May 27, 1969.
243
-------
Processing/Reduction
Scrap metal is processed by an impact-breaking
machine. The pieces of metal are pushed by a
mechanical feeder, positively and continuously,
and at a speed that can be varied, into the
impact tools of the machine. The machine has
a charging aperture at one side, and a trough
which leads to the charging aperture, and it
is open at the top. The trough has a feed
plunger which is movable at an adjustable
speed for feeding scrap from the trough into
the aperture. A flap is positioned at the
charging aperture. The flap constricts the
inlet and forms a funnel. The flap has a
power drive by which it can be swung down to
compress scrap and assist its entry into the
charging aperture.
(/ x// V• /Sf///^ /~7s~s~/~7~~s~s~~/~7~~/"//} s / T^~f~~f -rts ~/s S~T~Ss S /~~s~?/ '/~F7~7~s~7^r/ f
INT-0649
Voelskow, P. (Hombak Maschinenfabrik K.G.).
Chopping machine for wood waste in small
pieces. Canada 815,871; filed Nov. 17, 1965;
issued June 24 , 1969.

This machine reduces wood waste to small
pieces. The blades of the cutter are obliquely
set at an angle to the shaft, so that they are
arranged approximately like the blades of an
axial fan. Similarly, they are twisted
1
alternately to the right and left, which
subjects the chips in the cutter ring housing
to back-and-forth tumbling, largely avoiding
crosscuts. The cutter ring is rotatable in
the same direction as the blade wheel, but it
moves more slowly so a differential velocity
exists between the two rotating parts. Wood
chips strike the blades and are sliced along
the grain to produce fiberlike or rodlike
particles.
INT-0650
Herbord, H. (I. Schoeme). Scrap iron press.
Germany 1,298,881; filed Feb. 5, 1960; issued
July 3, 1969.

The scrap metal press has: a compression mold
closed by a pivotal lid; a plunger trough,
with its outlet above one of the sidewalls
244
-------
0649-0553
oi the compression mold on one hand, and flush
with a sidewall of the lid on the other; and
a wall that is flush with the plunger trough.
The wall has a cylindrical guide surface,
concentric with the pivotal axis of the lid.
Upper and lower edges of the plunger trough
sidewall abut the cylindrical configuration.
(Text in German)
IIMT-0651
Nozdrovskiy, A. S., K. F. Antipov, V. F.
Dyuzhenko and S. M. Kolodin ('Gipronikel'
Planning and Scientific Research Institute).
Metallic waste shredder. U.S..S.R. 238,996;
filed July 30, 1967; issued July 16, 1969.

A metallic waste shredder has two drums
assembled and attached to an internal
frame by flanges for easier servicing. A
centering rod, with one end flanged and the
other drilled and tapped to take a bolt,
supports the drum in position, and permits
removal without dismantling the machine. For
easy removal and refitting of the teeth, each
tooth has a T-shaped bolt and a tapered shank.
22
The teeth are held in pairs by a slotted,
locking plate. To remove a tooth, the locking
plate is slackened, and the tooth is turned
through 90 degrees to allow the T-bolt to pass
through the plate. The new tooth is replaced
in the reverse sequence. (See also U.S.S.R.
179,581) (Text in Russian)

INT-0652
Pioch, R. J. Handling and compacting
apparatus for loose bulk material. Great
Britain 1,159,921; filed July 19, 1966;
issued July 30, 1969.
A handling and compacting apparatus for loose
bulk material is of particular (though nor
exclusive) application for compacting refuse
and loading it into containers for disposal,
with a minimum of equipment and labor. The
apparatus can handle materials differing
in density, size, moisture content and other
characteristics, such as those encountered
in general refuse collected from household
sources, as well as industrial wastes. The
device has: a container with a rectangular
charging opening; a compacting unit including
sidewalls defining an open-topped rectangular
ram chamber; a ram, having a rectangular front
plate, which is movable through the chamber
from a retracted position, by the charging
opening, to a projected position in which it
extends into the container through the charging
opening. The width of the ram substantially
conforms to the width of the charging opening;
the height of the ram is substantially less
than the effective height of the charging
opening; and the ram in the projected position
has the upper portion of its front plate
extending into the container at a distance at
least equal to the difference between the
height of the ram, and the effective height of
the charging opening. (See also Great Britain
1 ,159,922)
INT-0653
Hefkel, A. T. Garbage crushing device. Japan
44-17,835; filed Aug. 17, 1965; issued Aug. 5,
1969.

A device designed to crush garbage finely
enough to be used as compost consists of two
bands wound around the outer surface of a
revolving cylinder, whose axis is approximately
horizontal. The bands are attached to a
supporting wheel which causes the cylinder it
supports to revolve. A second cylinder with
a grid is placed within the first. During
cylinder revolution, the garbage is crushed,
and it drops through the screen, out of the
inner cylinder. Rough garbage, not sieved
through the screen, is scooped by shovels in
the grid cylinder for further crushing. A
few blades which rotate with the revolving
cylinder perform the scraping. Inorganic
garbage is discharged at one end of the grid
cylinder. Treated garbage, after dropping to
245
-------
Processing/Reduction
the bottom of the outer shell, is removed
through an outlet which may be directly
connected to a composting machine. (See also
Japan 44-2,147)
!«-J
INT-0654
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K.). Scrap
compressor tor electric furnace. Japan
44-19,143; filed Sept. 28, 1965; issued
Aug. 20, 1969.

A device molds compressed scrap to the shape
of the electric furnace so the operation is
efficient and economical. A pushing board,
with an arc-shaped concave part, is attached
to the plunger of a horizontally pushing
cylinder. Opposite the pushing board is the
first compressing section, which forms a
concave shape; below the first section is a
second compression section, into which the
casing, which has a shape similar to that of
the inside of an electric furnace, is slipped.
On top of the second compression section, a
plunger of a vertically pushing cylinder is
situated. Another pushing board, which can
rotate, is affixed to the plunger. Below that
is another pushing board, which has a groove
on which a cross-shaped board moves vertically.
When the device is charged and the lid closed,
the horizontally pushing cylinder works the
plunger. The pushing board at the tip of the
plunger compresses the scrap into cylinder
form. Next, the vertically pushing cylinder
works the plunger, forcing the scrap into the
casing where it is again compressed and where
the cross-shaped board gives local pressure.
When the cross-shaped board goes up, the
plunger rotates, and the compression is
repeated. The final compressed scrap is in
the shape of the inside of an electric furnace.
The scrap may be efficiently melted in an
electric furnace as a result. (See also Great
Britain 1,122,607, 1,149,404 Canada 818,186)
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0655
Smolka, K. Method of and a press for
compressing refuse. Great Britain 1,164,428;
filed May 15, 1968; issued Sept. 17, 1969.

This is a method of compressing refuse in a
chamber in three successive stages with
compacting actions at right angles to each
other. The first-stage compression is effected
by a compacting plate hinged at its lower edge.
It acts on the refuse in a horizontal direction
when it is moved into position. It forms a
wall of the compression chamber for succeeding
stages, and closes the charging chute. This
plate has an extending curved section, and
when in the second position, it provides an
inclined surface for guiding refuse from the
chute into the compression chamber. Second-
stage compression is effected by a second
compacting plate. It compresses the refuse
in a vertical upward direction, at right
angles to the first stage.
246
-------
0654-0659
INT-0656
Mlinar, R. J. (Whirlpool Corporation). Food
waste disposer. Canada 824,352; filed June
20, 1967; issued Oct. 7, 1969.

Two annular rings, located at the top and
bottom of single, truncated cone, form a
multicomponent rubber mounting that increases
a garbage grinder's resistance to shock and
vibration. The annular rings are relatively
stiff, 75 to 95 durometer, while the connecting
truncated cone has an intermediate hardness,
40 to 80 durometer.
/'IS
INT-0657
Ries, A., and L. Stephan (Firma Adolf Ries).
Compacting device for compressing all types
of waste materials. Switzerland 479,464;
filed Dec. 20, 1968; issued Oct. 15, 1969.

This compacting device is adapted for
compressing all types of wastes, including
bulky, elastic, and wet rubbish. The device
consists of a large-capacity container, a
feeding hopper which terminates in a guiding
duct, and a pressing device with a hydrauli-
cally operated piston in the duct beyond the
hopper. A prepressing chamber is between the
container and the feeding hopper. The presser
piston moves into the prepressing chamber; this
chamber is closed off from the container by
a vertically moving slide plate operated by
hydraulic cylinders. The wall of the prepress-
ing chamber may be provided with drainage holes.
The piston is equipped with pressure switches.
(Text in German)
INT 0658
Straus, W. (Pennwalt Corporation). Injection
molding scrap grinder. Canada 826,555; filed
Aug. 28, 1967; issued Nov. 4, 1969.

This scrap grinder, which receives waste
materials from a plastic injection-molding
machine, avoids feedback from the grinder to
the mold. Plastic scrap passes to a drum while
the drum is in its receiving position. When
the drum rotates to a second position, scrap
is discharged into a round pulverizer. This
machine returns predetermined amounts of
ground plastic to the plasticizing portion
of the apparatus.
e •>
INT-0659
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K). A rotary
compressor for metal scraps. Great Britain
1,172,701; filed Jan. 3, 1967; issued Dec. 3,
1969.

This rotary scrap compressor makes pressed
blocks with a weight and volume suitable for
charging into a melting furnace for reprocess-
ing. This press acts upon the scrap in two
ways. First, a single plate compacts the
metal which is placed in the compression
chamber. Then, a rotary displacement is
caused between the compressor elements. By
repeating the compression and rotary displace-
ment operations, scrap lumps are pressed into
247
-------
Recycling
uniform and compact pressed blocks. This
machine requires a relatively low compression
force.
RECYCLING

INT-0660
Cavanagh, P. E. Metal recovery from steel
slags. Canada 424,784; filed Sept. 26, 1942;
issued Jan. 2, 1945.

A process for the recovery of metal from
molten oxidizing slag which has been removed
from a steel bath comprises the addition of
an exothermic agent to the slag. Such an
exothermic agent is calcium silicon carbide.
In this compound, the calcium is converted to
calcium oxide, a very strong base; the
silicon releases tremendous exothermic heat;
and the carbide is a powerful reducing agent.
This exothermic agent is convertible to a
basic oxide as it absorbs oxygen in the slag,
with the basic oxide replacing the particles
of metal separating themselves from the slag.
In this manner, the exothermic action, in
conjunction with the replacement of the metal
particles, retains the fluidity of the slag
as the metal is being precipitated. The slag
and the separated metal are then introduced
into an arc furnace, the slag is removed from
the metal, and a portion of the removed slag
is placed into a second furnace. Coke is
added to the slag in the second furnace to
produce an exothermic agent which is convert-
ible into a basic oxide.
INT-0661
Iwai, M. Device to produce fertilizers by
using the heat of incineration of solid
wastes. Japan 170,087; filed Apr. 15, 1944;
issued Mar. 2, 1945.

In this furnace, phosphate rock or any
similar ore can be reduced to fertilizer by
the heat obtained from the incineration of
solid wastes. The incineration is controlled
so that the solid wastes are charred. The
charred solid wastes may be added to the
phosphate fertilizer at the desired mixing
ratio. The furnace, which is about 3.6 m
wide, 5.4 m long, and 1.8 m deep, has two
smokestacks at the bottom. The stacks, each
about 30 cm sq and running across the bottom
of the furnace, are provided with air intake
holes on each side, at intervals of about
60 cm. They may incline toward the front
of the furnace where they are connected to
the upright stacks or chimney. Phosphate
rocks are piled in the furnace up to the
height of the stack; care is taken to avoid
clogging the side air intake holes. Dried
solid wastes are then spread uniformly over
the phosphate rocks and set on fire. Dried
solid wastes are continuously fed into the
furnace and then pile up to a height of about
30 cm. Finely shredded trash is spread over
the voids in the stack of solid waste until
they are filled. The solid waste is thus
covered with a 3- to 6-cm"thick layer of
trash. Burned in this arrangement for about
10 hr, the solid wastes become completely
charred. Dried solid wastes are then spread
and burned as explained above. This process
is repeated seven times, after which the exits
of the stacks will be closed to put out the
fire. The phosphate rocks become so fragile
that they can be easily powdered to make
fertilizer. (Text in Japanese)
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248
-------
0660-0666
INT-0662
Hartill, W., P. R. Childe, and L. Stocks
(Thos. W. Ward Limited). Improved plastic or
mouldable material and method of producing
the same. Great Britain 569,623; filed
July 17, 1943; issued June 1, 1945.

A plastic, moldable material is obtained
from sawdust, chippings, shavings, and other
industrial wood wastes by: delignifying the
material with a caustic alkali, such as
sodium hydroxide, varying strength from 2.5
to 20 percent, at temperatures from 0 to 115
C, for times varying from 48 hr to 5 min;
removing the alkali by washing or
acidification, for example, in an acid bath
of 5 percent sulfuric acid; and subjecting
it to heat and pressure to bind the mass
together. Waterproofing material may be
added at any time up until the binding
process; a suitable material would be 3
percent paraffin wax by weight.
INT 0663
(Sandvikens Jernverks Aktiebolag). Process
of refining stainless steel scrap having a
high chromium content. Great Britain 569,785;
filed Aug. 16, 1943; issued June 8, 1945.

A process of refining stainless steel scrap
having a high content of chrowium, or of
chromium and nickel or molybdenum, consists
of melting the stainless steel scrap to form
a molten steel bath. The refining operation
is performed by blowing air through the
molten steel bath for such length of time,
that owing to oxidation of a portion of the
chromium present in the bath, the chromium
content of the steel bath is reduced to below
10 percent, and the carbon content is reduced
to approximately one-hundredth of the remain-
ing chromium content. The heat required for
the refinement is generated nuiinly by the
oxidation of chromium. In this process, the
chromium content of the steel is reduced to
below 5 percent.
INT-0664
Groom, E. J. Improved process for the
recovery of light-alloy scrap. Great
Britain 570,166; filed Nov. 29, 1940; issued
June 26, 1945.

This process provides a means whereby
aluminum-base alloy scrap, or swarf is freed
from any tramp iron and foreign matter (such
as cutting oils) present. The metal is
comminuted, preferably to a fineness such
that 80 percent will pass through a 200 to
240 I.M.M. sieve. The metal is then
subjected in a die to a pressure of between
5 and 80 tons per sq in. with or without trie
simultaneous application of heat. The
process also provides a means by which
magnesium-base alloy scrap or swarf is puri-
fied. The powder produced should preferably
be angular or sphero-angular. Heating in this
process may be effected either by direct flame
heating of the die, by resistance heating
obtained by passing current through the mass,
or by induction heating. The temperature
chosen should be such as not to lead to
the formation of a liquid phase; usually
around 350 to 450 C is adequate.
INT-0665
De Irsa, G. I. (Wood Impregnation Limited).
Improvements in or relating to the production
of boards and sheets from waste fibrous
materials. Great Britain 571,280; filed May
7, 1943; issued Aug. 17, 1945.

The process for producing boards and the
like from waste fiber consists in silicifying
the fiber by the addition of a binder, and
by forming the material so treated into
boards or sheets by the action of heat
and pressure. The sawdust or other waste
material is first treated with a solution
of 2 percent sodium fluoride or other fire-
proofing salt, in a 5 percent solution of
mercuric chloride in 100 parts of limemilk.
In the second operation the material is
treated with fluosilicic acid, along with
bitumen and cryolite to prevent moisture
absorption. Where insulation against
electric currents is not necessary, the
sawdust is treated with iron salts and then
sodium silicate. After the sawdust has been
mineralized, made water resistant and
fireproof, it is dried to the advisable
moisture content, and then mixed with the
binder and compressed into desired forms and
sizes in hot hydraulic presses. The purpose
for which the material is desired dictates
the kind of binder which is used. The
quantity of binder is also dictated by the
kind of sawdust and its dry weight.
INT-0666
Holford, H. J. (Holford Processes Limited).
Improvements in or relating to processes
for the production of organic fertilizers and
apparatus therefor. Great Britain 572,171;
filed Aug. 19, 1943; issued Sept. 26, 1945.

Organic fibrous or semifibrous materials are
mixed with a bacterium-containing liquor,
such as sewage sludge, preferably of the
lagoon or activated type. The mixture is
subjected to artificial aerobic digestion.
249
-------
Recycling
As heated air is passed through the mixture
to pasteurize it, some of the moisture is
removed. Finally, it is subjected to mechan-
ical pressure to remove another portion of
the moisture content. Inorganic fertilizers,
such as ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrite
may be incorporated in the mass prior to its
pasteurization.
INT-0667
Mukoyama, M., and S. Katakura (Nitto Kokogyo
Company). A manufacturing method for
inorganic artificial fibers. Japan 175,011;
filed Aug. 21, 1944; issued Mar. 24, 1947.

In making mineral fibers from the fusion of
inorganic raw materials or slag from ore
refining, the proportion by weight is chosen
so that the silicon dioxide plus alumina
to calcium oxide plus magnesium oxide ratio
is 1.3 to 1.82, and the silicon dioxide
plus alumina to ferrous oxide ratio is 10
to 12. The fused material is allowed to
flow down, and reducing gases are blown into
it in such a way that a whirlpool is formed,
causing the material to fall in a feather-
like form. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0668
Yoshii, T. (Chichibu Cement Company, Ltd.).
Manufacturing of titanic iron-containing
alumina cement. Japan 174,763; filed June
15, 1945; Issued Mar. 24, 1947.

Titanic iron-containing alumina cement, which
compares in strength and chemical resistance
to high-quality Portland cement , can be
manufactured from limestone mixed with
materials such as red mud, ore tails, or slag,
coal ash, and clay. The baking is done at a
low temperature (ranging from 1,200 to 1,400
C), thus saving fuel by about 20 percent. The
new black cetrent has the combined characteristics
of high chemical resistance and low baking
temperature. The blending of the secondary
materials or additives with the main material
should result in the mixture having a hydraulic
modulus of 1.60 to 2.00, a silica modulus of
0.60 to 1.80, and an iron modulus of 0.6 to 1.80.
In terms of weight percentage, the additives
should be kept within 5 to 25 percent of the
total. (Text in Japanese)

INT-0669
Giuffrida, A. Cellulose from wine branches.
Italy 429,624; filed Mar. 24, 1947; issued
Jan. 29, 1948.

Vine branches are ground and treated with
dilute nitric acid at room temperature for
a few hours; then the mixture is raised to
boiling point. The material is washed and
treated with dilute sodium hydroxide solution
at 100 C, then washed, bleached, and dried.
The nitric acid treatment can be substituted
by a steam treatment in an autoclave at 3 to
4 atm for 2 hr. (Text in Italian)

INT-0670
Aldovrandi, F. Synthetic gasoline. Italy
430,078; filed Apr. 8, 1947; issued Feb. 9,
1948.

Vegetable wastes are digested with water for
24 hr. By subjecting such a suspension to
the electric arc under direct current (with
graphite cathode and copper anode), hydro-
carbon vapors are formed at the cathode as a
transformation of the hydrocarbon contained
in the water. By collecting and cooling the
hydrocarbon vapors at minus 15 C, a gasoline
(specific gravity 0.75 to 0.80) is obtained.
(Text in Italian)
INT-0671
Suzuki, S. A manufacturing method for
special magnesia cement. Japan 176,348;
filed Oct. 23, 1946; issued Feb. 10, 1948.

Serpentine or slag from nickel refining is
treated with an equivalent amount of magnesium
chloride, bittern, or hydrogen chloride. The
mixture is then heated for 2 to 5 hr at 500
to 550 C in order to give a free magnesium
oxide in the ore. The clinker thus obtained
is hardened by adding the required amount (10
to 20 percent) of magnesium chloride. (Text
in Japanese)
INT-0672
Mizuno, H. (G. Mizuno). Garbage and trash
disposal device used in conjunction with
animal feeding. Japan 176,506; filed Oct.
4, 1944; issued Apr. 15, 1948.

A kiln housed in an underground chamber
either smokes trash or makes charcoal out
of it. The smoked trash can be used as a
fertilizer. Heat generated by incineration
is utilized for cooling. Chimney gas is led
by a pipe through the cooling tank. The tar
produced by cooling the gas is collected.
Garbage that is usable as animal food, is
separated out for feed. The excreta from the
livestock thus fed falls into the cojnbustion
chamber of the kiln by means of a slanted
floor. A workshop for handling the charcoal,
tar, and fertilizer is provided underground
beneath the animal-feeding area. (Text in
Japanese)
250
-------
0667-0677
INT-0673
Webb, A. H. Apparatus for saving fine metals
by amalgamation with mercury. Australia
128,912; filed Mar. 17, 1944; issued Sept. 9,
1948.

This apparatus provides for the recovery of
metals, particularly gold, from ore slimes.
There is a rotatably mounted drum encased
in sheet copper. Mercury is applied to the
circumferential surface of the drum. The
material from which the metal Is to be
extracted must be in the form of finely
divided particles suspended in water. This
material is projected by compressed air in a
thin film or fine spray upon the circumference
of the drum. The lower part of the drum is
immersed in a shallow trough containing mer-
cury, so that during its rotation, its
mercury-coated surface is continuously
renewed. Water with the slimes to be treated
is gravitated through a breeche pipe to two
receiving tanks, in which the level of the
slimes and water can be regulated by float
valves which control the supply. Compressed
air produced by any convenient means is
delivered to an air trunk. Pipes lead from
the air trunk to a series of atomizers to
which the slimes are conducted; here they are
acted upon by the compressed air.
INT-0674
Mueller, H., and W. Oversohl (AGLUKON G.m.b.H.).
A method for producing aluminum chloride and
iron chloride. Germany 802,936; filed Dec.
1, 1948; issued Feb. 26, 1951.

Tailings and slag piles from coal-mining
operations generally consist of slate
minerals containing 20 to 40 percent -occluded
coal which cannot be separated by mechanical
means. This waste product can be utilized by
treating it with chlorine at temperatures
between 600 and 1,000 F in rotary kilns or
shaft furnaces. The resulting products are:
carbon monoxide , which can be partially
recycled to sustain the reaction; a mixture
of aluminum chloride and iron chloride,
which is condensed in cooled receivers; and
a residue containing about 90 percent silica,
which can be used as a catalyst carrier,
filler, or pigment. Industrial fly ash can
be converted in the same manner. (Text in
German)

INT-0675
(National Oil Products Company). Improvements
relating to the reclaiming of waste wax paper.
Great Britain 615,254; filed Apr. 30, 1946;
issued Jan. 4, 1949.

This process for reclaiming wax paper (wax
cuttings and the like) , comprises disintegrat-
ing the paper in water heated to a temperature
sufficiently high enough to melt the wax
constituent. A cationic surface-active agent
is added to the fiber and wax suspension to
fix the wax on the fibers. The cationic
surface-active agent is an amino-amide or a
glyoxalidine cyclized from such an amino-amide.
INT-0676
(A. G. E. Robiette, and P. F. Hancock).
Improvements in .and relating to the recovery
of metals from scrap. Great Britain 620,221;
filed Jan. 9, 1947; issued Mar. 22, 1949.

This process provides for the recovery of
metals from scrap containing volatile metals.
The scrap metals are melted by the controlled
oxidation of solid carbon via a gas containing
at least 30 percent by volume of oxygen, and
heated to such a temperature that most of the
volatile metal present is removed by volatili-
zation. The combustion conditions are con-
trolled so that the gaseous products form a
mixture substantially nonoxidizing to the
volatile metal. Generally, the gas, containing
at least 30 percent by volume of oxygen, will
be oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, although
other gas mixtures may be used--for example,
oxygen mixed with one or more inert gases
such as nitrogen or argon. Preferably the
oxygen content should be as high as
possible since this decreases the volume
of the combustion gases. Preferably, a
relatively pure form of carbon such as
charcoal, pitch or petroleum coke, or
graphite is used so the metals will not be
detrimentally affected by the sulfur content
of the fuel.
INT-0677
Bijma, J. Cattle feed. Netherlands 63,778;
filed Sept. 6, 1946; issued July 15, 1949.

Garbage is granulated by milling, and then
heated at 50 C while mixing, until a sticky
251
-------
Recycling
mass is obtained. This mass is kneaded,
formed if desired, and finally baked. The
baked product obtained may be employed directly
as cattle feed or preserved by drying at 80 C
in a finely divided form. The garbage may be
mixed with other foodstuffs, such as hay,
straw, chaff, or brans. In an example, garbage,
composed of 50 percent potato skins, 25 percent
vegetable refuse, 10 percent bread, and 15 percent
grain waste, hay, or straw, is milled and then
heated in a steam-jacketed vessel at 50 C.
This mixture is stirred for 1 hr or more until
a sticky mass is formed. This mass is kneaded
for 15 minutes until a dough is obtained; this
dough is molded and then baked for 1% to 2 hr
at 100 to 200 C. (Text in Dutch)

INT-0678
Freni, S. S. Fertilizer. Italy 476,402;
filed Dec. 10, 1952; issued Jan. 23, 1950.

Bones, blood, horns, and similar wastes are
ground, subjected to the splitting action
of a fermenting agent such as trypsin, and
warmed in an autoclave at 165 to 168 C. They
are then subjected to the action of other
polyhydroxylated aldehydes. They are treated
with 24-degree Baume sulfuric acid, diluted
to 18-degree Baume by denatured 90 percent
ethyl alcohol solution, separated, and concen-
trated. Myosin, creatine, creatinine, sarco-
sine, and inosinic acid are said to be formed
in the fertilizer mass. (Text in Italian)
INT-0679
Ito, Y. (Yonezawa Shoyu and Company). A
manufacturing method for amino acid from
fish entrails. Japan 25-625; filed Dec. 17,
1947; issued Mar. 1, 1950.

Fish entrails are heated at 60 to 100 C in a
solution of 10 to 24 percent hydrochloric
acid at 20 degrees Baume. After the floating
oil is removed, it is concentrated. A 20 to
25 percent hydrochloric acid solution (by
volume), which is also at a specific gravity
of 20 Baume, is added to the concentrate. The
mixture is boiled to decompose the remaining
proteins. Following neutralization with
alkali, the amino acids are separated out.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0680
Nakagawa, K., and S. Ishida. Method of
treating sweet potato starch refuse. Japan
25-610; filed July 27, 1949; issued Mar. 1,
1950.

The sweet potato residue produced during
starch extraction can be turned into a highly
nutritious food material. The raw sweet
potato waste is put into a cloth sack and
pressed to remove 20 to 30 percent of the
water content. The dewatered residue is then
mechanically crushed. After adding sodium
carbonate, the refuse is left for 3 hr.
Then, sulfurous acid soda is stirred in, and
the mixture left for 30 minutes. Following
the subsequent immersion in 0.3 percent
dilute sulfuric acid solution, the refuse is
put into a rinsing machine for 30 minutes.
The refuse, with water, is then fed into a
centrifugal separator equipped with stirring
blades. The whirlpool resulting from the
stirring action causes the sand or earth con-
tained in the refuse to be discharged through
the bottom of the separator. The remaining
product is removed and dehydrated in a cloth
sack, thus producing a refined product. (Text
in Japanese)
INT-0681
Glaubert, S. Treating wood shavings. France
960,228; filed Jan. 10, 1948; issued Apr. 13,
1950.

Wood shavings are first treated under 200-mm
pressure with an aqueous solution of a weak
acid (such as pentanoic acid) at 22 percent
strength, the weight of the solution being
0.5 percent of the weight of wood, then
with 15 percent strength sulfuric acid, the
weight of the acid solution being 0.25
percent of the weight of the wood. An
organic substance, 3 percent having 5 to 6
carbon atoms per molecule and having an
alcohol or aldehyde group, is added, and
the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at
room temperature. The mass can then be
molded under heat and pressure. (Text in
French)
INT-0682
Behera, H. A process of manufacturing
fibrated cement articles. India 40,868;
filed Jan. 26, 1949; issued Jan. 10, 1951.

Hydraulic cement mixed with pulps and fibers
of vegetable matter is made plastic with
water, and then molded into a desired pattern
in a skeleton having holes and gaps in it, and
constructed from bamboo, cane, reed, and
the like. The amount of pulps and fibers in
the mixture may be 2 to 12.5 percent of the
cement by weight in dry state. Pulps and
fibers are obtained from paper pulps, waste —
papers, waste cardboards, cotton, jute,
hemp, coir, manila, etc. Sawdust, paddy
husk, straw, etc. may be incorporated into
the mixture as filling agents. A coating
252
-------
0678-0688
cement, or a cement mixed with colored
pigments and/or abrasive powder, which is
made sirupy with water, may be applied over
the article produced by the above process.
The article, after it has completely set, is
treated with paraffin wax or mineral oil to
make it resistant to the absorption of water
and the action of weak acids. Some of the
articles manufactured include roofing tiles,
writing boards, slates, hollow-wares, con-
tainers, and dishes.

INT-0683
Creuze, P., P. J. Malvezin, and L. Rignault.
Acids from cellulosic material. France
974,067; filed Sept. 27, 1950; issued Feb.
19, 1951;

Paper waste, wood pulp, and particularly
algae that have been treated to remove
iodine, bromine, and alginic acid, are hydro-
lyzed to give a six-carbon sugar which is
fermented by Bulgarinus alginis to give a
complex acid. This can be neutralized by
sodium hydroxide or mixed with a six-carbon
sugar and catalytically hydrogenated to give
a complex that can be made into a soap or used
as a lubricant. (Text in French)
INT-0684
Tinani, K. T. Manufacture of artificial
wood. India 40,491; filed Nov. 2, 1948;
issued Feb. 28, 1951.

A composition suitable for making artificial
wood sheets is obtained by mixing with a
filler, such as sawdust, wood waste, or rice
husk, a mixture containing 77.0 percent mag-
nesium oxide, 11.0 percent magnesium chloride,
2.0 percent French chalk, 2.0 percent chalk,
1.0 percent calcium oxide, 0.3 percent sul-
furic acid, 0.7 percent hydrochloric acid,
2.0 percent sodium sulfate, 2.0 percent alum,
and 2.0 percent soap.
quicklime and 20 gal water. The mixture is
molded between heated platens at a pressure
within the range of 200 to 550 Ib per sq in.
A wood or metal foil veneer can be attached
to each or either side by reducing the moisture
content of the molding mixture, and moistening
one side of the veneer with liquid glue before
placing it in the mold.
INT-0686
Sato, S. (Science Laboratory). A manufacturing
method for fertilizer. Japan 26-2,964; filed
Jan. 26, 1950; issued June 9, 1951;

Aluminum slag that contains 4.37 percent
nitrogen and 16 percent aluminum is mixed
with a 2 percent calcium fluoride solution;
this is heated for 1 hr at 1,000 C, while
passing nitrogen gas through the chamber, in
order to produce a material containing 11.87
percent nitrogen. By heating the product
in water for 30 minutes at 100 C, or letting
it stand in water for 1 week at 25 C, 50 to
75 percent of the total nitrogen becomes
ammoniated nitrogen. (Text in Japanese)
IIMT-0687
Kittelberger, P., and F. Burkhardt (P.
Kittelberger). Wood concrete. Germany
808,690; filed Jan. 24, 1950; issued July 19,
1951.

Wood chips or sawdust are impregnated and
suspended in a mixture of whitewash, lime
cement, sodium silicate, magnesium fluosili-
cate, calcium hypochlorite, and inert colloidal
matter, such as clay and bentonite. A concrete
containing 1 part (by volume) cement to 1.5
parts prepared sawdust has a compressive
strength of 500 kg per sq cm, and a wearing
capacity (because of abrasion) of 7.4 cc per
50 sq cm. (Text in German)
INT-0685
(Vencore Veneers Proprietary Limited).
Improvements in the manufacture of core-
boards, artificial lumber, and the like.
Australia 140,539; filed Aug. 5, 1948; issued
Mar. 28, 1951.

Core-boards are molded under heat and pressure
from a mixture of sawdust and animal glue or
a synthetic resin glue, which does not decom-
pose at the temperature and pressure at which
the boards are molded. The cellulosic
material (sawdust) was first treated with
calcium disaccharate, which is prepared by
mixing 10 gal commercial molasses with 8 gal
INT-0688
Buenger, A. Impregnation of fiber batts.
Germany 809,432; filed Jan. 8, 1949; issued
July 30, 1951.

Paper, wood, textile fibers, and leather scrap
can be cut and beaten, and then formed into
batts on paper machines or similar devices.
After drying to about 20 percent moisture, the
batts are immersed in a bath containing the
impregnating emulsion. The amount of emulsion
absorbed can be regulated by the moisture con-
tent of the partially dried batt, and by
pressing. The emulsion in the impregnated
batt can then be broken by a current of steam;
253
-------
Recycling
the batt is dried completely on the paper
machine or by other suitable means. This
procedure results in a saving of impregnant.
(Text in German)
INT-0689
Frank, W. Building materials. Germany
809,536; filed Oct. 2, 1948; issued July 30,
1951.

Materials for construction are made by using
mineralized wood in combination with cement.
The wood is mineralized in a strong solution
of a hydrolyzable chloride. Air-dried sawdust
(100 kg) is mixed with 20 liters of either a
37 percent aluminum chloride or 50 percent
zinc chloride solution in a rotary barrel
equipped with a beater. Water and cement are
then added, and the materials are thoroughly
mixed. (Text in German)
INT-0690
Forster, A. Light-weight construction
materials. Germany 809,535; filed Apr. 23,
1949; issued July 30, 1951.

Lightweight materials for construction purposes
are formed from calcined straw or similar
plantlike material which is mixed with a
binder, such as cement, and with building
constituents, such as gypsum or pumice mixed
with pitch-covered sawdust. Slag or steel
wool is added to the mixture, and diatoma-
ceous earth is sometimes added. (Text in
German)
INT-0691
Blakey, G. G. Improvements in or relating
to machines for moulding fuel briquettes
from woodwaste, and like material. Great
Britain 661,659; filed July 7, 1948; issued
Nov. 28, 1951.

A machine is described for molding fuel
briquettes from wood waste or the like. Raw
material is fed through a hopper with an
impeller, into a heated, intermittently
rotating drum, having a series of radial
molding bores into which the material is
forced by a number of pistons. The material
is compressed by opposing, corresponding,
coordinated compressor pistons, then ejected
into a cooling chamber by ejector pistons.
\—7
IIMT-0692
(R. Tricerri and Son). Fertilizer from
tannery wastes. Italy 467,254; filed Apr.
20, 1950; issued Dec. 1, 1951.

The flesh part of the hides is separated as
a byproduct from the leather part, pulped
in a cutting mill or meat chopper, and
dehydrated in an air stream at 80 to 100 C
to give granules suitable for use as
fertilizer. (Text in Italian)
254
-------
INT-0693
(Sueddeutsche Baustoffe G.m.b.H.). Method
and equipment for the preparation of debris
for reuse. Germany 830,284; filed Oct. 2,
1948; issued Feb. 4, 1952.

The debris is crushed, washed, and separated
into the various grain sizes in the presence
of water. Through a combination of dry and
wet treatment, no preliminary sifting process
is required, and the entire debris can be
reused. No residual matter is left for
dumping. Prior to water treatment, the debris
is separated into groups of equal grain size.
Each group is then crushed so that finally
all groups are of about the same grain size.
The components of the debris suspended or
0689-0695

dissolved in the water are carried off in the
wash water, so that pure sand and gravel are
passed to the subsequent water sifting. The
sand carried off with the washing water is
collected in a sand trap. The material
treated this way can be reused for the
manufacture of bricks. The equipment
comprises a conveyor belt, a vibrating screen,
and conduits for the separated debris groups,
into which crushers and toothed rollers are
built. All equipment of the first stage (dry
stage), with components arranged on top of
each other, is erected next to the equipment
for the wet stage. Between the first and
the second stage, a bucket conveyor transports
the material upward. (Text in German)
INT-0694
(Societe de Traitement et d'Exploitation du
Poisson). Nuclein- and lecithin-containing
product. France 1,002,919; filed Nov. 14,
1951; issued Mar. 12, 1952.

Fats and oils are removed from wastes of fish
or other sea animals. The remainder of the
wastes is put into solution with water, and
hydrolyzed by the addition of an acid, e.g.
hydrochloric acid. The pH of the mixture is
adjusted to 6 to 6.2 by the addition of an
alkali; the mixture is allowed to settle,
and is filtered, dried, and comminuted to
give a very fine powder useful for various
industrial applications, e.g. in the manufac-
ture of cosmetics. (Text in French)
INT-0695
(Svit, Narodni Podnik). Process for producing
artificial fertilizers from leather manufacture
waste products. Great Britain 672,071; filed
April 25, 1950; issued May 14, 1952.

The methods described produce artificial
fertilizers of high biological value and of
loose, crumbly constitution, which greatly
facilitates even distribution. Leather
waste products are hydrolyzed in acid at
temperatures over 60 C, followed by neutral-
ization by calcium or potassium salts together
with an admixture of granulating substances,
e.g. comminuted bark, soil or sand. The
process allows utilization of tanning byproducts
such as waste acids, waste lime, and other
255
-------
Recycling
inorganics, as well as leather and hair
wastes, tanning bark, and horny substances.
The composition of the fertilizer can be
altered to meet the nutritive requirements
of various soils.
INT-0696
Vogel, R. E. Manufacture of porous bricks
from filtered ash of soft coal. Germany
841,728; filed June 30, 1950; issued June
19, 1952.

A method for the manufacture of porous bricks
has been devised by mixing soft coal filtering
ash with water and a known effervescent agent.
The mass is beaten, shaped and hardened in
carbon dioxide-laden air. The brown coal
filtering ash must have a grain size of 2 to
5 microns. Half of the calcium in the ash
must consist of calcium oxide. The ratio
between calcium oxide and iron (III) oxide
and magnesium oxide may not be greater than
3 to 1. Fine sand or quartz sand, with or
without cement, can be added. Also 2 parts
of soft coal filtering ash with 1 part burnt
gypsum can be used. The mass is hardened in
an overheated vapor which is rich in carbon
dioxide. (Text in German)

INT-0697
Dossor, J. Improvements in or relating to
plant for converting kitchen and offal waste
and the like into animal feeding stuffs.
Great Britain 680,238; filed Dec. 7, 1950;
issued Oct. 1 , 1952.
The plant comprises a pulverizing vessel
which is connected at its base to a discharge
chute. The chute's lower end is directed
vertically to a circular opening of a blow
tank, which receives pulverized waste from
the pulverizer above it. A conically-shaped
valve assembly is seated within the central
opening in the blow tank; the assembly is
fitted with tubes for introducing compressed
air or other fluid under pressure, and for
removing excess lubricant. After pulverized
waste is sufficiently discharged into the
tank, the valve assembly is raised to its
closed position, and the compressed air is
admitted to the interior of the blow tank.
This transfers the pulverized waste material
under pressure to another container via one
or more pipes connected to the pressure blow
tank.

INT-0698
Herren, F. (F. Herren, and J. Kersten).
Solid fuel. Germany 855,987; filed Feb. 23,
1951; issued Nov. 17, 1952.

A mixture of calcium sulfate or other sulfates
with refuse fats can be pressed into various
shapes with or without the addition of com-
bustible substrates such as sawdust, paper
dust, or coal dust. The resulting briquettes
can be used as a substitute for coal.
Without substrate, the product is easily
ignitible and can be used to light fires
without paper and wood. Slaughterhouses and
sewage-clarification systems are a source of
inexpensive refuse fats used for producing
this fuel. (Text in German)
IIMT-0699
Dietz, K. (Farbwerke Hoechst, formerly Meister
Lucius and Bruening). Method for the
production of self-hardening masses.
Germany 859,426; filed Aug. 2, 1942; issued
Dec. 15, 1952.

A method has been devised for the production
of self-hardening masses by using fly ash,
accumulating at the heat production in
industrial plants, and waste lime sludges,
which are obtained at the decomposition of
calcium carbide. Fly ash and lime sludge
are mixed until the required thickness is
reached. If necessary, water is added.
Usually 100 weight units of pasty waste lime
are mixed with 100 weight units of fly ash.
The mass is shaped into bricks by an ordinary
press. These bricks have a crushing strength
of 150 kg per cu cm at a volumetric weight
of 1.2 kg per liter after a 2-week storage
in open air. Depending on the pressure used
for shaping the bricks, a volumetric weight
256
-------
0696-0704
of 1.0 kg per liter can be also achieved with
a crushing strength of about 50 kg per sq cm.
(Text in Cerir.an)
INT-0700
Banbury, F, H., D. A. Comes, and C. F.
Schnuck (Lancaster Chemical Corporation).
Process of treating waste material containing
rubber. Canada 490,658; filed May 19, 1948;
issued Feb. 17, 1953.

A process of treating waste rubber stock
having a nonvulcanlzed rubbery butadiene
polymer as a component, includes subjecting
a mass of such stock to intense shearing
action and mechanical pressure in a confined
space. The pressure is sufficiently high
enough to enable the shearing action to
develop a power input averaging at least
1.5 hp per Ib of stock for a period of time
within the range of 3 to 12 minutes. This
compacts the mass and increases its density,
raising its temperature to above the
vulcanizing temperature of the polymer, and
thereby causing the polymer to become
vulcanized early in the process. The thus
vulcanized polymer becomes devulcanized, and
the mass is converted into a homogeneous
plastic condition later in the process.
INT-0701
Stops, F. (Stoka-Holzfaserplatten G.m.b.H.)
Fiber plates from wood wastes. Austria
174,476; filed July 24, 1951; issued Apr. 10,
1953.

Wood wastes, e.g. shavings, plywood wastes,
wood wool, bark, or straw, are mixed with a
mass obtained by stirring together cellulose
xanthogenate (consisting of cellulose, sodium
hydroxide, and carbon disulfide in the ratio
of 2 to 1 to 1) and hydrated lime in the
amount of 40 to 80 percent of the weight of
the dry cellulose. This gives a pulp which
is then shaped into plates by pressing for a
short period of time at approximately 15 atm
and 105 to 180 C. Thus, 160 g low-grade cel-
lulose is mixed with 620 g 12 percent sodium
hydroxide. After the mixture is ripened, 80
g carbon disulfide is added, and the cellulose
xanthogenate which is formed is then mixed
with an aqueous suspension of 100 g powdered
hydrated lime, and stirred to give a homo-
geneous mass. Wood chips (1,000 g) are then
mixed with 500 to 1,000 g of the binder mass.
The mixture is placed into molds and pressed
at 1 to 15 atmospheres at 105 to 180 C. The
resulting fiber plates have improved water-
resistance and bending strength, as compared
with plates manufactured without the addition
of hydrated lime. (Text in German)
IIMT-0702
Suzuki, S. A method for disposal of sawdust-
Japan 28-2,236; filed June 6, 1951; issued
May 20, 1953.

Sawdust is utilized by immersing 100 g derived
from cryptomeria in 200 g of 5 percent ferric
chloride solution for 3 hr at 50 C. After
drying, the sawdust is added to 200 g of 0.2
percent sodium alginate solution, and then
dried again. The surface of the material is
then covered with iron alginate, making it
suitable for use in the preparation of con-
crete. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0703
Vorreiter, L. Molded articles from sawdust.
Austria 175,380; filed Oct. 18, 1951; issued
July 10, 1953.

Molded products, especially plates, are made
by mixing sawdust, which has been dried at
110 to 180 C, with a five to tenfold amount of
cellulose xathate solution which serves as a
binding agent. To the solution of cellulose
xanthate, a saturated hydrocarbon of the
heptane-to-dodecane series is added in the
amount of two-thirds of the solvent. The
mixing, shaping, and pressing of the mass is
conducted at 5 to 10 C; the hardening of the
shaped bodies is conducted at 90 to 120 C,
preferably by blowing carbon dioxide at this
temperature into the molding forms. (Text in
German)
INT-0704
Jayme, G., and F. Branscheid (G. Jayme).
Removal of meltable and soluble impregnation
mediums from waste paper. Germany 891,358;
filed Aug. 10, 1951; issued Sept. 28, 1953.

Impregnated wastepaper is defibrated with an
18 percent benzene extraction. The density
of the medium is fixed at 2 percent and the
temperature is raised to 40 C. A cooled,
metal cylinder rotating at a speed of 10 rpm
is dipped a few centimeters into the
suspension. The molten impregnation medium
coming to the surface sticks loosely on the
cylinder and is washed away from this. After
3 hr, the benzene extraction is not more than
6.8 percent. It is preferable to work at 50
to 60 C, and to add 2 percent sodium hydrox-
ide, calculated on the weight of the fiber,
1 percent sodium carbonate and 2 percent
sodium oleate, or 5 percent xylene. (Text in
German)
257
-------
Recycling
IIMT-0705
Allen, L. N. , Jr., P. J. McGauley, and E. S.
Roberts (Chemical Construction Corporation).
Improvements in or relating to process of
recovering copper from copper material. Great
Britain 699,303; filed Dec. 15, 1950; issued
Nov. 4, 1953.

Copper is recovered by leaching waste material
with an aqueous ammoniacal copper salt solu-
tion and chemically precipitating the copper
from the leaching liquor. Leach liquor is
circulated continuously over the material at
0.05 to 1 ft per second. Leach liquor is
withdrawn and a portion of this spent liquor
is oxidized and then returned to the leaching
operation. Another portion of the spent
liquor is withdrawn and treated with a nonsul-
fidizing reducing gas for sufficient time to
effect partial precipitation of 99.9 percent
pure copper.
INT-0706
Yanagi, R. (Kanto Denko Company). A method
for treating phosphorus fertilizer. Japan
29-2,472; filed Jan. 28, 1952; issued May 6,
1954.

One hundred kg of magnesium phosphate slag
that contains 20.9 percent (20.5 percent
citrate-soluble) phosphoric anhydride, 21.9
silicon dioxide, 31.6 calcium oxide, and 18.3
magnesium oxide is treated with 71 kg of
phosphoric acid (with a density of 1.17).
The resulting product contains 20.5 percent
(10.7 citrate-soluble, 9.5 water-soluble)
Salts (frjm diu t)
phosphoric anhydride and can be mixed with
ammonium salt without the loss of ammonia.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0707
Steenwijk, Carel Baron de vos van. Soil
conditioner. Netherlands 74,799; filed
Mar. 14, 1952; issued May 15, 1954.

Waste pulp of paper mills, obtained from the
waste waters of these mills by separating the
fine paper fibers and kaolin by sedimentation,
centrifugation, and/or flocculation, is dried
by air, by pressure and/or heat, and the dried
pulp is then granulated or shaped into flakes
by milling or grating. The product serves to
improve the structure of the soil with respect
to water-retention capacity, aeration, and
erosion of furrows. To prevent nitrogen
depletion of the soil by excessive growth
of microorganisms feeding on cellulose, the
product can be mixed with nitrogen-containing
fertilizers, such as urea, ammonium nitrate,
sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or liquid
manure. (Text in Dutch)
INT-0708
(Winterswijksche Steen- en Kalkgroeve N.V.).
Filler for bitumen. Netherlands 75,299;
filed Apr. 2, 1951; issued July 15, 1954.

Fly ash from power plants with powdered coal
as fuel is broken up into several fractions
by sifting in an air stream. Some of these
fractions must be ground; others can be used
as they are as fillers for bitumen or similar
subtances or as activators in weak fillers.
(Text in Dutch)
INT-0709
Russell, J. K., D. Craig, G. J. Byrd, and
R. L. Maeder (Lignosol Chemicals Limited).
Treatment of waste sulphite liquor and
products thereof. Canada 505,355; filed
Apr. 11, 1950; issued Aug. 24, 1954.

This treatment of waste sulfite liquor
provides for the production a new and useful
product. The waste sulfite liquor has a
weight ratio of sulfur dioxide to lime of 1
to 14. It is treated with an alkali such as
ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydrox-
ide, or sodium hydroxide, to obtain a pH of
not less than 6.5 to precipitate calcium
monosulphite. The precipitate is then removed
and the liquor concentrated to not less than
50 percent solids. This process adjusts the
sulfur dioxide and lime content of the liquor
to substantially equimolar proportions.
258
-------
0705-0715
INT-0710
Albert, K. Process for the production of
refractory masses or bricks from slags.
Great Britain 718,397; filed Mar. 10, 1952;
issued Nov. 10, 1954.

Refractory masses and blocks with high
durability and resistance to temperature
change are obtained by comminuting slags,
derived from electric furnace production
of titanium, or by the aluminothermic
reduction of titanium ore. The powder is
then mixed with a binder, such as water
glass; after the mixture is molded and
compacted to shape, it is dried at 100 to
200 C. Such cold-bonded blocks are of
particular advantage in the prevention of
scale formation.

INT-0711
Kalis, K. P. (N.V. 'Matepa',Tot Exploiteeren
van Octooien en Licenties). Improvements
relating to a method of producing methane.
Great Britain 721,823; filed Mar. 20, 1950;
issued Jan. 12, 1955.

A method of producing methane utilizes
municipal garbage. Town garbage is
comminuted and homogenized to form a mass
which has a moisture content lower than 60
percent and which is porous enough to have
gases pass through it. In a closed silo,
the garbage is then heated to 30 C, the
temperature at which methane fermentation
begins. Efficiency is increased by passing
hydrogen or carbon dioxide, or both, from
coke-oven gas through the mix. The gas
produced has a calorific value twice that
of illuminating gas, and the residue is
useful as an agricultural compost.

INT-0712
Munakata, E., and H. Sagawa (Asahi Kasei
Kogyo K.K.). Manufacturing method for water
granulated slag suitable as additive to raw
cement material. Japan 30-1,590; filed July
1, 1952; issued May 9, 1955.

Much of the water-granulated slag obtained
by rapid water-cooling of slag which is
produced by the combustion of coa] or
semicoke fuel in a slag-tap producer is not
suitable as an additive to cement materials.
The lime content is usually too low, and the
alumina and the silicic acid too high. In
this process, the coal is burned without any
addition of lime. Heated lime is added to
the slag later, thus avoiding the combustion
difficulties that result when lime is added
before combustion. The lime is preheated in
order to keep the slag temperature from
dropping. After rapid water-cooling, the slag
contains 40 to 55 percent lime, 25 to 35
percent silicic acid, and 10 to 25 percent
alumina. In an experimental case, slaked
acid and slaked lime (85 parts) heated to 1,500
C was added to 100 parts slag. The product
contained 27 percent silicic acid, 3.04
percent iron, 50 percent ash, 17.3 percent
alumina, and 3.56 percent other materials. The
concrete made from the mixture of 50 kg of
this slag and 50 kg of Portland cement gave
a compression resistance strength (kg per sq
cm) of 25 with 3 days of hardening, 134 with
7 days, and 302 with 28 days. (Text in
Japanese)

INT-0713
Nystroem, E. H. B. (Aktiebolaget Statens
Skogsindustrier). Organic filler for
plastics. Sweden 150,743; filed Apr. 17,
1952; issued July 12, 1955.

To give a plastic material satisfactory
water resistance, the filler is subjected
to heat treatment. The starting material,
i.e. wood meal, sawdust, etc., is transformed
to plates by simultaneous pressing and
heat treatment. These plates are hardened
at 10 to 60 kg per sq cm and 150 to 200 C;
then they are ground to a powder. (Text in
Swedish)
INT-0714
Vavalli, V. A. An improved physico-chemical
process for the extraction of celluloses
from vegetable materials in general, and a
product obtained thereby. Great Britain
733,364; filed Sept. 25, 1952; issued July
13, 1955.

Agricultural or forest waste materials, such
as straw or wood chips, are crushed mechanic-
ally, then hydrolyzed in a dilute, alkaline
solution of an oxidizing agent, such as sodium i
hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen
peroxide, or potassium hypochlorite. This
process should occur at 65 C for 1 to 3 hr
(nonwoody materials) or 3 to 6 hr (woody
materials). The products are washed with
warm water, and then filtered to remove knots
and other impurities. A high-yield pulp, free
of lignin and other encrusting substances, is
thus obtained.
INT-0715
(N.V. Zuid-Nederlandsche Spiritusfabriek).
A process for the recovery of ash rich in
potassium from the waste material of
industries working up molasses. Great
Britain 734,102; filed Apr. 28, 1953; issued
July 27, 1955.
259
-------
Recycling
A process for the recovery of an ash, rich
in potassium, from waste liquors of industries
working up molasses, concentrates the waste
liquor by evaporation and burning of the
concentrated nass. This is done preferably
by combustion under reducing conditions, with
subsequent conversion of the potassium sulfide
formed into potassium carbonate by means of
carbon dioxide. Prior to the combustion,
alkali metal carbonate is added to the waste
liquor and the precipitate is removed.

INT-0716
Graf, J., and 0. Graf. Briquets from sawdust,
oil, and pitch. Germany 931,824; filed May
22, 1952; issued Aug. 18, 1955.

Sawdust is dried at 105 F and cooled. A
mixture of 87 percent sawdust, 3 to 7
percent pulverized coal-tar pitch, and 4 to
10 percent used motor oil is formed. This
mixture is briquetted at 120 to 250 F and
1.5 tons per sq cm; heating is begun after
the mold is closed. The briquettes have a
heating value of 4,800 kcal per kg. (Text
in German)

INT-0717
Fortress, F., and B. B. White (Celanese
Corporation of America). Fermentation of
wood pulp waste liquor. Canada 516 ,724;
filed Nov. 1, 1950; issued Sept. 20, 1955.

A process is provided for the production of
commercially valuable products from wood
pulp waste liquor with propionibacterium.
During fermentation, the liquor is kept at a
pH of 6.5 to 7.5, and at a temperature
between 28 and 34 C. Fermentation normally
takes 8 to 14 days; if it is carried out
continuously, the time may be reduced to 3
to 4 days.
INT-0718
Kono, M. (Daishowa Seishi K.K.). De-inking
of old prints by alkaline pulp waste liquor.
Japan 30-7,351; filed Oct. 7, 1953; issued
Oct. 14, 1955.

This easy and economical way to de-ink old
printed matter avoids the disadvantages of
conventional methods--low yield rate and
yellow color. Printed matter is immersed
in the alkaline pulp waste liquors and
stirred to dissociate the fibers. During
this process, the free carbon of the printing
ink is adsorbed by the lignin in the waste
liquors. The fiber is further cleaned with
resin soap formed in the waste liquors. The
alkaline pulp waste may be any pulp waste
liquor discharged as a result of steam-boiling
soda pulp, kraft pulp, or nonalkaline
sulfide pulp. The liquor usually contains
4 to 6.5 percent sodium trioxide. Pulp waste
liquor from pin wood contains 2 to 3 percent
oil and about 10 percent alkali lignin, thus
forming a resin soap from the fatty oil and
the alkali. If 35 kg of paper is mixed with
alkaline pulp waste liquor at a 0.7 to 1
percent concentration, boiled at 50 to 70 C,
stirred for 3 to 10 minutes, and washed in a
Belmer-type washing machine for 5 to 6 hr,
the de-inked wet pulp yields 28 to 35 kg.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0719
(Perfogit Societa Per Azioni). Process for
the recovery of synthetic polyester scrap.
Australia 166,184; filed July 29, 1953;
issued Dec. 1, 1955.

Synthetic polyester scrap is heated in
polyvalent and high-boiling monovalent
alcohols until a clear solution is formed.
The alcohols employed in dissolving the scrap
are the same polyvalent alcohols used to
produce the polyester. The solution is
treated with low-molecular-weight alcohols
in an acid medium at temperatures above
100 C to form an ester of the alcohols.
The ester may crystallize entirely or in part,
or separate, and can easily be filtered.

INT-0720
('Mixolit' Kunststofferzeugung G.m.b.H.).
Binder. Austria 184,651; filed Nov. 14,
1952; issued Feb. 10 , 1956.

Binder material is made from plant fiber
wastes by milling the precomminuted starting
materials, e.g. sawdust, in aqueous suspension
in a bypass apparatus at high temperature
and pressure. The optimum reaction occurs
at 8 to 10 atm and at 160 to 200 C; the par-
ticles of the material reach an average
diameter of 4 microns. Optionally, the
starting material may be quickly steamed at
8 to 10 atm before milling, and hydrolyzed
during milling by an additional chemical
treatment, e.g. by adding 1 to 3 percent to
the aqueous suspension. (Text in German)
INT-0721
Barbezat, L. C., and H. Bernet. Recovery of
metallic constituents from used dry cells.
France 1,112,969; filed Oct. 21, 1964; issued
Mar. 21, 1956.

Used dry cell batteries are fed into a rotary
kiln where they are mechanically crushed and
260
-------
combusted. Almost no external fuel is needed
once the combustion has started. Water is
injected at the lower end of the kiln, and a
powder containing all of the zinc and manga-
nese of the cells passes through a screen in
this part of the kiln. This powder is mixed
with powdered coal, water, tar, and pitch.
The mixture is formed into pellets, and these
are precoked in an oven in a slightly reduc-
ing atmosphere at moderate temperatures. They
are then transported to a second oven. The
gaseous products leaving the first oven are
discarded. In the second oven there is a
0716-0723

higher temperature and at least a partially
oxidizing atmosphere; in its lower portion,
there are inlets for recycled air and water
and a series of tubes for air injection into
its upper portion. The zinc oxide vapors are
recovered in boxes placed at the sides of the
upper end of the oven, and cooled with air
which is recirculated to the lower part of the
apparatus. The zinc oxide, condensed and
recovered by conventional methods, has a
high degree of purity. The residues from
the second coking show a high manganese
content. (Text in French)
INT-0722
(Aschaffenburger Zellstoffwerke A.G.).
Process for the recovery and purification
of vitamin B 12 concentrates. Great Britain
748,043; filed Sept. 22, 1953; issued Apr. 18,
1956.

A process for the production of vitamin B 12
concentrates from sewage sludge consists of:
incorporating cobalt slats and/or bacterial
cultures promoting decomposition and favoring
the formation of vitamin B 12 during the
anaerobic digestion of the sewage; treating
the moist digested sludge with 0.2 to 1 percent
ferric chloride and/or aluminum sulfate; and
adding sulfur dioxide or water-soluble sulfites
in sufficient quantity to bring the content
of sulfites up to 0.05 to 0.2 percent. The
digested sludge (pH of 5 to 8) is heated at
temperatures between 50 and 120 C, and then
filtered or centrifuged. The resulting solu-
tion is processed into a vitamin B 12
concPtit ratp.
INT-0723
(W. Eirich, and G. Eirich). Spreadable
fertilizer from feces. Germany 942,516;
filed Jan. 31, 1953; issued May 3, 1956.

Feces are mixed with lime, garbage, and peat
in a counterflow mixer. A spreadable ferti-
lizer (1 to 5 mm grain size, pH 12.7) can be
261
-------
Recycling
obtained from a mixture of 41 percent human
feces, 32 percent freshly screened garbage,
23 percent quicklime, and 4 percent pulverized
peat. The product contains: 93.5 percent
dry substances, 6.49 percent water, 82.20 per-
cent minerals, 11.31 percent organic substances,
0.66 percent total nitrogen, 0.70 percent
phosphoric anhydride, 0.76 percent potassium
oxide, 31.71 percent calcium oxide, and 0.83
percent magnesium oxide. The mixtures are
free from noxious bacteria. The feces can be
utilized without storage to decrease the
dissemination of pathogenic bacteria. (Text
in German)
INT-0724
Foulger, F. (D. S. Grant, and L. W. Lyon).
Utilisation of flue dust or fly ash in the
manufacture of cement. Great Britain
765,677; filed Aug. 26, 1953; issued Jan. 9,
1957.

Flue dust or fly ash is used to provide a
bulky ingredient in the production of portland
cement. The already finely divided ash is
introduced separately, or mixed into a rotary
kiln, with pulverized coal. The high kiln
temperature gasifies and expels unwanted
constitutents of the ash. The remainder is
collected and fused with normal clay and chalk
for production of cement and clinker.
INT-0725
Hauptmann, H. (Chemische Fabrik Gruenau
Aktiengesellschaft). Protein recovery by
hydrolysis of leather. Germany 1,000,388;
filed Oct. 2, 1953; issued Jan. 10, 1957.

Scrap of chrome-tanned leather is decomposed
to proteins by hydrolysis. The proteolysis
is carried out with water or aqueous ammonium
at high temperatures under pressure. For
example, 100 parts by weight chrome-leather
scrap (50 percent dry matter, 35 percent
proteins) and 300 parts water are mixed in
an autoclave and heated to 180 F for 90
minutes with stirring. Small amounts of
ammonium evolved are washed out. After
cooling, the insoluble compounds are filtered
off. The solution contains highly pure
proteins. (Text in German)
INT-0726
(Dano Ingeniorforrettning og Maskinfabrik
Ingenior Kai Petersen's Fond). Methane by
fermentation of garbage. Denmark 81,803;
filed Apr. 4, 1950; issued Jan. 14, 1957.
Garbage is disaggregated and homogenized in
dry form in a rotary drum; then it is placed
in an airtight silo, which, if necessary, is
heated to 30 C during fermentation. When the
gas has escaped, the fermented composition is
removed and the residue is worked up into a
fertilizer. The yield of methane is increased
by passing in coal gas, etc. The cost of the
process is less than the value of the gas
obtained. (Text in Danish)
INT-0727
Fattinger, H., and E. Pfauth. Animal fodder.
Austria 190,785; filed Sept. 3 1955; issued
July 25, 1957.

An enriched animal fodder consists of indus-
trial plant wastes, e.g. brewery, oil, or
su^ar refinery wastes, mixed with urea and
saturated sludge from sugar manufacturing.
Preferably, a warm emulsion consisting of urea
and the saturation sludge with the optional
addition of molasses is used. Other ingredients,
e.g. mineral substances and/or phosphorus com-
pounds, can also be used. (Text in German)
INT-0728
Bate, S. C. and F. G. Peach (British Celanese
Limited). Improvements in the production of
cellulose from lignocellulosic materials.
Great Britain 784,873; filed Feb. 10, 1955;
issued Oct. 16, 1957.

Wood chips or sawdust are pretreated by boil-
ing with water at 150 C for 2 hr and then with
1 percent sodium hydroxide solution under at-
mospheric pressure for 1 hr, washing, and
cooling by the soda, sulfate, chlorine, or
nitric acid processes. This leads to a
reduction in the amount of chemicals consumed.
Sycamore chips, spruce chips, and oak sawdust,
with and without pretreatment, are treated
with nitric acid at 60 to 70 C for 4 to 6 hr,
drained, heated with water at 95 C for 1 hr,
washed, and heated with 1 percent sodium
hydroxide solution at 100 C for 1 hr. The
amount of nitric acid consumed is considerably
less when the wood has been given the two-stage
pretreatment. The wood, which has been given
the pretreatment, gives a crude cellulose of
lower pentosan content than the untreated
wood. Similar improvements are obtained
after pretreatment followed by chlorination
pulping of ash and oak chips in 5 percent
hydrochloric acid and 2 percent available
chlorine. These chemicals are added in
increments as long as chlorine is absorbed;
then wood pulp is filtered out, washed, and
treated with 8 percent sodium hydroxide in
solution.
262
-------
0724-0734
INT-0729
Lesniak, A., K. Durski, W. Kwiecien, and W.
Szmeja (Centralny Zarzad Przemysly Metali
Niezelaznych). Recovery of metals. Poland
40,626; filed Apr. 20, 1957; Issued Jan. 27,
1958.

A byproduct of the production of bearing
alloys containing oxides of copper, tin,
antimony, lead, zinc, cadmium, and nickel
can be converted on reduction to a product
containing 20 to 40 percent copper, 20 to
40 percent tin, 10 to 30 percent antimony,
2 to 20 percent lead, and small amounts of
zinc, cadmium, and nickel. The product is
ground and oxidized in a revolving furnace
at 500 to 800 C, and extracted with an
ammonium carbonate solution containing
ammonium hydroxide. Copper, tin, and
nickel-amino compounds are dissolved, the
extraction is heated, and the black copper
oxide precipitate is separated. Nonsoluble
oxides are reduced with hydrogen or carbon
monoxide, and a tin-antimony-lead alloy is
obtained. (Text in Polish)
INT-0730
Schlecht, L., G. Trageser, and R. Staeger
(Badische Anilin- and Soda-Fabrik
Aktiengesellschaft). Purification of scrap
metals. Germany 1,030,034; filed July 7,
1953; issued May 14, 1958.

A procedure for the purificiation of metal
scraps which, in addition to ferrous metals,
contains a mixture of other metals or alloys,
is carried out with the metals in the molten
state during or following oxidation. Sulfides
or sulfide-forming substances such as ferrous
sulfide or sulfur are added, and the sulfide-
containing portion is separated from the rest
of the components. Quantities of sulfides
used are such as to convert most of the metals
of the iron group into sulfides, and the
cobalt content of the metallic substance is
converted to a sulfide. (Text in German)
INT-0731
(Society Francaise du Xylon). Cellulose
pulps. France 1,156,492; filed Dec. 16, 1957;
issued May 16, 1958.

Heterogeneous cellulose paper pulps from hemp
bagasse, flax, sorghum, etc., are frequently
overcooked, giving poor yields; if they are
undercooked, bleaching difficulties result.
These difficulties are avoided by cooking only
sufficiently to delignify the least lignified
fibers, and then subjecting the mixture to a
mechanical treatment, and separating the fibers
obtained by passing the mixture over a screen,
or by decantation into a delignified chemical
pulp and nonchemical pulp. The different pulps
are then subjected to treatments appropriate
to their nature and their proposed usage. (Text
in French)
INT-0732
Huebner, G. (Deutsche Supraton (G.m.b.H.)
Processing of waste paper. Germany 1,030,670;
filed May 31, 1952; issued May 22, 1958.

Wastepaper is shredded to size, and then
transferred to a centrifuge in a concentration
of 5 to 6 percent in a mixture of acids, bases,
or solvents. The diluent can consist of an
added alkali amounting to about 3 percent of
the total water content, and it is further
heated to about 70 to 80 C. The addition of
this alkali serves the purpose of dissolving
the ink, the dyestuff and the bitumen in the
fibers. When centrifugation is complete, the
supernatant layer containing the colored
material can be removed. The centrifuge fea-
tures a multichamber throttling zone, and
works with less than 200,000 Hz and in the
upper regions of audibility. (Text in German)
INT-0733
Gaertner, W. (Deutsche Gold- und Silber-
Scheideanstalt, formerly Roessler). Regener-
ation of waste paper. Germany 969,809; filed
Feb. 10, 1952; issued July 17, 1958.

Wastepaper is regenerated with an aqueous
alkaline solution containing an alkali metal
silicate, at least one oxygen-furnishing
compound, one protecting colloid containing
at least one nitrogen atom in an amide or
sulfonamide bond, and at least one wetting
or washing agent free from nitrogen. For
example, 100 kg of newspaper is mixed in a
spherical boiler at a stock dilution of 5
percent with 4 percent sodium silicate, 2
percent sodium hydroxide, 2.5 percent sodium
peroxide, 0.5 percent sodium alkylbenzene-
sulfonate (12 to 18 carbon atoms) and 0.5
percent sodium oleate. This mixture is
treated at 80 F for 2 hr, and the material is
washed and manufactured into paper. The
untreated material has a white content of 52
percent, while the treated material has 73
percent. (Text in German)
INT-0734
Young, R. A. G, A method of treating residual
liquor obtained by the distillation of alcohol
from mash. Great Britain 800,935; filed Jan.
11, 1955; issued Sept. 3, 1958.
263
-------
Recycling
Products suitable for use as animal feed or
fertilizer are made from the solids in dis-
tillery still-bottoms. The solids-containing
liquor is concentrated by evaporation, settling,
or filtering. Acid that may have formed is
neutralized with an alkali. The liquor is
dried by baking, spray drying, rolling, kiln
drying, rotary drying, oven drying, or sun
drying. To improve the product, prevent
stickiness, and prevent hygroscopicity, a dry
powder (less than 20-percent moisture content)
is added during drying. If the final product
will be feed, this powder is a food substance.
If the product will be a fertilizer, an arti-
ficial fertilizer such as bone flour should
be used. Other suitable materials include
powdered chalk, calcium salts, peat, moss,
shoddy, or seaweed.
INT-0735
Michaud, R. A. Hydraulic cements from fly
ash from lignite from Provence. France
1,162,673; filed Oct. 12, 1956; issued
Sept. 16, 1958.

The calcium oxide content of the ash is
slaked during extension, preferably with
heating, by slaking the ash from the hopper.
The resulting shattering of the ash grains
renders further grinding unnecessary.
Mixing this material with pozzolans or
pozzolanic ash gives a variety of hydraulic
cements. They have unusual stability in
corrosive liquids or sea water. (Text in
French)
INT-0736
Archibald, W. A. (The British Iron and Steel
Research Association). Improvements in or
relating to the treatment of slags. Great
Britain 801,883; filed July 21, 1955; issued
Sept. 24, 1958.

The porosity of slags such as those from iron
blast and open-hearth furnaces is controlled
to produce either a lightweight or dense
material by promoting oxidation of the sulfur
compounds in the slag at either a low or high
temperature. Sulfur dioxide or other gas
evolution in viscous slag causes porosity,
and evolution in fluid slag allows a dense
solid to form on cooling. To produce light-
weight material, the slag is poured into thin,
water-cooled, closed molds for about 2 minutes,
and at 1,250 to 1,400 C, poured into open
molds about 6 in. deep, with an oxidizer such
as ferric oxide. The oxidation of the sulfides
causing gas evolution swells the slag from 3
to 6 in. thickness in 1.5 minutes. Pressed
blocks or a sized aggregate can then be made.
To produce dense material, the slag is first
blown with an oxidizer with air, oxygen, or
steam for a few minutes at a high temperature.
After effervescence has ceased, the slag is
cast in molds and cooled quickly.
INT-0737
(Rudolph Koepp and Company, Chemische Fabrik
A.G.). Process for the production of foamed
materials, using polyurethane foam waste.
Great Britain 805,561; filed Feb. 29, 1956;
issued Dec. 10, 1958.

A process for the production of polyurethane
foam is carried out by reacting a polyester
with a diisocyanate, water, and an activator.
Before the reaction, scraps of polyurethane
foam are heated with the polyester and/or the
diisocyanate to form a homogeneous solution.
In heating the scraps of foam with the
polyester component, the temperature is
between 130 and 350 C.
INT-0738
Mankowich, I., and F. P. Chiaretta (Dominion
Rubber Company, Ltd.). One-step process for
making sealants from vulcanized butyl rubber
scrap and asphalt. Canada 571,671; filed
Aug. 13, 1955; issued Mar. 3, 1959.

This process of making thermoplastic composi-
tions from asphalt and reclaimed, vulcanized,
butyl rubber is quicker and more uniform than
previous methods. The method comprises heating
a mixture of 50 to 80 percent asphalt by
weight, 20 to 40 percent of vulcanized butyl
rubber scrap by weight, and zero to 10 percent
of a hydrocarbon oil by weight (this lowers
the melting point of the final product) for
2 to 4 hr at 425 to 550 F. Simultaneous re-
claiming and solvating of the rubber is
effected. A wide variety of physical properties
can be achieved by varying the grade of asphalt.
A higher melting point asphalt will produce
a higher melting point end-product. The
product can be used in sealing expansion joints
in highways and runways, and in sealing the
spaces in masonry structures.
INT-0739
Magnaghi, F., and L. Savoia. Regenerating
polyamide-resin waste. Italy 590,032;
filed Sept. 5, 1957; issued Mar. 23, 1959.

The polymer is recovered as a white powder
by dissolving the raw material in an organic
acid at 50 C and atmospheric pressure, de-
colorizing by charcoal, cooling by a solvent
miscible with the organic acid used, and then
264
-------
0735-0745
crystallizing. For example, 10 kg of 85- to
90-percent formic acid is introduced into a
15-liter flask; then 1 kg of poly(hexamethyl-
enediamine adipate) in the form of waste is
added and mixed, and the mixture is heated to
50 C. After decolorizing and filtering, the
formic acid is distilled in vacuo. The
residue is treated with 1 kg of formamide.
By centrifuging, a formic acid formamide
mixture is recovered, which is then vacuum-
dried to a moisture content of 0.2 percent.
The product is used in extruders or injection
presses. (Text in Italian)
INT-0740
Neimeyer, W. F. F., and J. W. Busker.
Granulated abrasive. Netherlands 90,761;
filed Dec. 18, 1956; issued Apr. 15, 1959.

Granulated iron slag is used as a substitute
for sand in the sandblasting process. To
prevent the dusting of slag pulverized in
the process, mineral oil is added in amounts
of 0.6 to 2 liters per cu m. (Text in Dutch)
INT-0741
Tamada, K. (Tag! Seihijo Company). A
manufacturing method for fertilizers
containing organic phosphoric acid. Japan
34-4,777; filed May 30, 1956; issued June
9, 1959.

Five kg of scraps of animal skin or fur are
treated with 12 kg of sulfuric acid at a
specific gravity of 50 Baume. The resulting
amino acid solution is mixed with 10 kg of
phosphate rock powder and enough ammonium
hydroxide to bring the pH to 6. Ten kg of
vegetable manure and 15 g of rapeseed cake
are then added. Water is added until the
moisture content reaches 40 to 50 percent.
The mixture is kept at 30 to 35 C for 1 week,
after which it is cooled to 3 C and dried to
reduce the water content to less than 10
percent. (Text in Japanese)
molasses. Dried beet pulp lumps are soaked
in this emulsion and pressed. (Text in German)
INT-0743
Herbeck, R. (Maschinenfabrik Buckau R. Wolf
A.G.). Process for the utilisation of the
sludge-containing wash water and dry dust
occurring in coal (e.g. brown coal) briquette
works. Australia 222,572; filed Mar. 13,
1958; issued July 6, 1959.

Sludge from wet dust removal is concentrated
in a hydrocyclone and vacuum filter. The
separated water is reused for wet dust
removal. The concentrated sludge is mixed
with dust from dry separators in a ratio of
1 to 4. The mixture is homogenized in a
hammermill or beater mill, and is used as an
additive in briquetting coal.
INT-0744
Lebedev, V. N., V. B. Levinson, and V. K.
Buslov. Heat-insulating building materials
from sawdust. U.S.S.R. 121,065; filed Nov.
4, 1958; issued July 6, 1959.

From 70 to 80 percent of the sawdust is mixed
with 20 to 30 percent by volume of a mixture
containing: 50 percent powdered, unslaked
lime; 47 percent slag, cinders, and similar
materials; and approximately 3 percent gypsum.
The mix is combined with water to obtain the
desired consistency, and then it is pressed
into blocks, sheets, etc., which are kept
for 5 to 7 days at 15 to 20 C. To the mix,
10 percent of superphosphate is added to
increase the fire resistance of the product.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0742
Mueller, H. Animal fodder. Austria 203,837;
filed Aug. 10, 1954; issued June 10, 1959.

The fodder consists of extracted sugar beet
pulp, saturated sludge, molasses (optionally),
and water- or citrate-solution phosphoric
anhydride compounds, preferably triple phos-
phate, in amounts up to 1 percent. Preferably,
the calcium carbonate-to-phosphoric anhydride
ratio is approximately 4 to 1. In the prepar-
ation of the fodder, an emulsion is made from
saturated sludge, phosphorus compounds and
INT-0745
Gewecke, H. Manufacture of constructional
materials from wood chips. Great Britain
816,285; filed Jan. 2, 1958; issued July 8,
1959.

Wood chips are cut to a predetermined size,
glued, and projected into a tapered box,
which is subdivided into orienting compart-
ments which arrange the chips with their
longitudinal axes more or less parallel. The
ends of the tapering compartments are open
265
-------
Recycling
to allow the oriented chips to fall into a
sheet metal-lined box mold, which moves longi-
tudinally, arranging the chips in layers.
The operation is repeated until the required
thickness is achieved. The mold is then
removed and the material is condensed in a
heated, hydraulic press. The ratio of longi-
tudinal to transverse strength of the product
can be varied by altering the orienting
arrangement.
INT-0746
(American Smelting and Refining Company).
Recovery of selenium from scrap selenium
rectifiers. Great Britain 816,989; filed
Oct. 11, 1956; issued July 22, 1959.

Elemental selenium contained in scrap from
rectifiers having an aluminum metal base is
recovered by exposing the scrap to a molten
alkali metal hydroxide. This incorporates
the elemental selenium into molten hydroxide.
The scrap is immersed in a pool of molten
sodium hydroxide, forming selenium hydroxide.
The aluminum base, which also contains ele-
mental bismuth and cadmium, collects as a
pool beneath the molten hydroxide from which
it is separated.

INT-0747
Hurrey, R. C., and C. L. Hurrey. Method of
reclaiming waste forest products. Canada
582,264; filed May 14, 1956; issued Sept. 1,
1959.

For the useful disposition of the trim ordi-
narily wasted in logging operations, a portable
hog is provided in the forest adjacent to the
tree-felling site. The trim from the felled
trees is fed into the hog to produce chips.
The chips are loaded and moved to a predetermined
operating location. There, the chips are
screened to a desired size. The acceptable
chips are mixed with a thermosetting binder
chosen from the group of melamine formaldehyde,
urea formaldehyde, and phenol formaldehyde.
The mixture is then subjected to heat and
pressure, the binder is cured and the chips
are formed into a rigid, coherent mass of pre-
determined form.

INT-0748
Fombonne, G. (Houilleres du Bassin de la
Loire). Cements. France 1,204,335; filed
Dec. 16, 1957; issued Sept. 10, 1959.

Materials with good strength properties are
obtained from mixtures containing 70 percent
fly ash and 30 percent portland cement clinker.
Thus, a mixture containing 29 percent clinker,
70 percent fly ash, and 1 percent calcium
chloride gives a product with a strength (after
7 days) of 240 kg per sq cm, and 396 kg per
sq cm after 28 days. (Text in French)
INT-0749
Ofner, F.
R. (Industrial Processes, Inc.).
Recovery of flour mill wastes. Canada
587,323; filed Jan. 30, 1958; issued Nov.
17, 1959.

Flour mill wastes are high in food value,
containing wheat heart and hulls which are
fairly high in protein and fat. If the
recovery process is started from 16 to 24 hr
after their production, the dissipation
of the proteins and fats into the waste water
is not enough to render the wastes valueless
as animal feed, and the formation of a paste-
like mass within the wastes is not yet far
advanced. The wastes are retained in a clari-
fier for 10 to 30 minutes, after which the
water is drawn off and discharged, and the
thickened material is pumped through a sludge
pump to a filter. The moisture content is
reduced by the filter to 65 percent, and the
266
-------
products are transferred to a dryer, where
moisture is further reduced to 10 to 15 per-
cent. The solids are packaged, and are
0746-0752

immediately usable and salable as a dry feed
with high protein and fat content.
INT-0750
(Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation). A
method and apparatus for forming fibres from
a heat softenable mineral material. Great
Britain 824,493; filed Oct. 11, 1956; issued
Dec. 2, 1959.

A supply of molten mineral material (such as
glass, slag, or fusible rock) is delivered
onto an elongated, rotating, flared surface.
The surface is rotated to advance the material
to a discharging zone. The molten material
is discharged outwardly from the zone by cen-
trifugal forces in a number of elongated
devices. The devices are engaged by a high-
velocity gaseous blast, in front of the point
of delivery to the flared surface.
INT-0751
Majewski, J. (Centralne Laboratorium
Przemyslu Rybnego). Liquid feed concentrate
from fishes and fish wastes. Poland 42,729;
filed Feb. 14, 1959; issued Dec. 28, 1959.

A liquid feed concentrate, stable for at least
1 year, is prepared by successive treatment
of powdered fish material with hydrochloric
acid to pH 6.5, sulfuric acid to pH 5, and
formic acid to pH 4. The mixture is kept at
35 C for 24 to 48 hr, stirred occasionally,
and formic acid is added to the semiliquid
product to bring its total concentration to
2 percent and the mixture is heated to more
than 40 C. The fat-free product is treated
with formic acid to pH 3 to 4. (Text in
Polish)
INT-0752
Krodel, W. J., and N. Hackerman. Process
for de-inking printed waste paper. Great
Britain 827,503; filed Feb. 6, 1956; issued
Feb. 3, 1960.

An improved process is presented for decolor-
izing waste newspaper stock to produce a
product suitable for purposes requiring a
clean cellulose pulp. Paper is first shredded,
then mixed and purified with water, to yield
a stock consisting of not less than 1.5 per-
cent by weight. After settling and thickening,
this stock is fed into a reactor chamber. Ink
particles are loosened and emulsified by a
detergent. A suitable salt is added, causing
the ink and cellulose particles to become
differentially charged. Ink particles are
267
-------
Recycling

separated from cellulose fibers by heating
with agitation; the former remains in the
water, apart from the fibers. Further separa-
tion, if necessary, is achieved by an impressed
voltage supplied by electrodes immersed in
the reaction chamber, which causes coagulation
of the neutralized particles. The ink-containing
water is then drained off from the pulp, which
is then washed with water and dilute acid
until completely free of ink. The apparatus
comprises a steam-heated jacket about a reaction
receptacle, within which is a rotary stirrer
for agitation.
INT-0753
Giampietro, F. Very fine polyethylene
powder and aqueous dispersions from coarse
polyethylene granules and refuse. Italy
602,169; filed Oct. 30, 1958; issued Feb. 22,
1960.

Polyethylene is dissolved at 80 C in a suitable
solvent to a concentration of 7 to 30 percent.
The solution enters an externally cooled vessel
with a powerful mixer, such as a colloid mill.
Water at 20 C is added before starting the
mixer (optimum ratio 1 to 2, to 1 to 3). Mixing
is performed with simultaneous cooling in
order that the solution not exceed 20 to 30
C. A wetting agent (0.1 to 10 percent) and
a stabilizer may be added. Solvent is slowly
evaporated in an airstream aided by an exhaust-
or. After 5 to 30 minutes it is eliminated
completely, and a uniform, aqueous polyethylene
dispersion is obtained. The dispersion is
thickened on a filter or centrifuge, and then
it is dried. Solvent is recovered. The method
can be applied to mixtures of polyethylene and
polyisobutylene. (Text in Italian)
INT-0754
(Societe Anonyme Immobiliere Canadienne
Francaise). Methane production by
fermentation of organic wastes. France
1,213,721; filed Oct. 20, 1958; issued
Apr. 4, 1960.

Liquids containing organic material, e.g.
dairy residues, are fermented after adding
0.05 N sodium bicarbonate or ammonium
bicarbonate to buffer the pH at about 7.5.
Portions of spent liquid are removed at
intervals and replaced with fresh liquid,
which must contain at least 30 to 40 g per
liter of organic matter, and 0.7 g per liter
of nitrogen so that the buffer capacity is
maintained by the production of organic bases.
About 4.7 kg of organic matter can be fermented
daily to give 1.8 cu m of methane from one
charge of 100 liters in a reaction mixture of
2 cu m. A higher turnover can be achieved by
adding an inert porous material, e.g. coke or
flax fibers, by more frequent replacement of
spent liquid, or by mechanical stirring or
recycling. (Text in French)
INT-0755
Jones, J. D. (Ontario Research Foundation).
Porous media. Canada 596,788; filed Jan.
6, 1953; issued Apr. 26, 1960.

The process produces a molded mass composed
mainly of rice hull ash particles of irreg-
ular shape with surface irregularities and
in random orientation to one another, which
controls the size of the capillary passages.
The bodies are suitable for humidifier plates,
filters, and sound-absorptive media. A humidi-
fier plate is formed by a dry mixture consisting
mainly of rice hull ash, 15 percent ball clay,
7 percent hydrated lime as a flux for the clay,
and an agglutinant if necessary. Water up to
60 percent of the weight of the rice hull ash is
added, and the whole is thoroughly mixed. The
mixture is molded under a pressure of 400 Ib
per sq in., and fired after drying at a temper-
ature of 1,800 to 2,350 F. The shape may be
chosen to fit the individual application. An
alternative method substitutes 20 percent clay
without lime for the clay and lime, and an
agglutinant is not required. However, the use
of a flux increases the strength of the body.
268
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0753-0760
INT-0756
Kagaya, B. Wet method for treatment of
slags from non-ferrous smelting operations.
Australia, 229,723; filed Dec. 24, 1957;
issued July 21, 1960. •

The method comprises crushing the slag from
non-ferrous smelting operations into small
grains. They are then treated with dilute
sulphuric acid of 2 to 50 percent. Four per-
cent nitric acid is added with or without an
oxidizing agent; 4 percent of another acid with
an oxidizing agent may be added instead. The
grains are treated with this mixture at 40 to
100 C to leach the metals within.
INT-0757
Hinrichs, D. D., F. L. Schmidt, and J. D.
Wiethern (Hawaiian Development Company, Ltd.,
and Crown Zellerbach Corporation). Improve-
ments in or relating to paper-making pulp.
Great Britain 846,232; filed Jan. 13, 1959;
issued Aug. 31, 1960.

Papermaking pulp is made from nonwoody
lignocellulose. Comminuted, depithed sugar-
cane bagasse or straw is mixed with an
aqueous alkaline liquor containing sodium
hydroxide, and having a pH of at least 12.
The liquor-lignocellulose ratio ranges
between 2 to 1 and 100 to 1. The mixture is
maintained at a temperature of between 50
and 250 F until the lignocellulose has
consumed from 1 to 7 percent of its own
dry weight of the hydroxide. The
lignocellulose is softened without being
delignified. The pulp is bleached by the
addition of sodium hydrosulfite (or zinc
hydrosulfite); a portion of this chemical is
added during softening, and a portion in the
postdefibering stage. The softened
lignocellulose is mechanically defibered to
form a physical papermaking pulp. The pulp
can be mixed with chemical pulp, and run
into paper.
INT-0758
Schulpen, K. H. N. Molding articles from
waste foam material. Canada 604,506;
filed Jan. 19, 1956; issued Sept. 6, 1960.

Objects can be manufactured from thermoplastic
artificial materials which, upon being foamed
up, form a closed surface layer or skin having
an irregular, unpleasing appearance. The
method comprises compressing at least the mar-
ginal portions of at least one piece of such
material to place the skin under tension and
to compress the sides of the piece whereby the
skin assumes a regular and pleasing appearance.
The compressed marginal portions are fixed in
the compressed state. Before the material
is compressed, at least one piece of multi-
cellular artificial material is placed upon
another piece of the material having the
irregular skin.
15"
INT-0759
Torrim, H., and J. B. Nobert (Building
Products Limited). Production of adhesives
from waste sulfite liquor. Canada 604,590;
filed June 23, 1953; issued Sept. 6, 1960.

A method for manufacturing adhesive from
sulfite waste liquors comprises heating
about 61.44 to 100 parts by weight of the
liquor at a temperature between 109 and 210
F in admixture with 10 to 25 parts aluminum
sulfate powder, 1.16 to 10 parts sulfuric
acid, 20.4 to 100 parts filler, 6 to 30 parts
50 percent resin solution, and 31.82 to 50
parts water by weight. The filler is selec-
ted from the group consisting of China clay
and pulverized stone, and the resin is selec-
ted from the group consisting of formaldehyde
and blown tall oil. The mixture is maintained
at the elevated temperature until the
required viscosity is obtained; then it is
neutralized by the addition of from 1 to 10
parts by weight of lime. This adhesive can
be used for cementing together the component
plies of laminated material.
INT-0760
Old, A. : . ..-.'. rweight Aggregate
Corporation). Lightweight aggregate from
dust and method of producing same. Canada
606,543; filed Apr. 21, 1955; issued Oct.
11, 1960.

A method of producing a lightweight aggregate
from waste, dust, or other fine material
includes treating emission gases by wetting
and directing the air against a series of
baffles to remove the dust. Some of the
269
-------
Recycling
material is compressed to remove some of
the water. Portions of the material are
detached to provide smaller independent units.
These units are then tumbled, and subjected
to moisture-modifying media. After this,
they are subjected to a heat treatment suffi-
cient to expand and harden them. A lightweight
aggregate of individually sealed and sized
particles devoid of laminations and with a
relatively thick protective skin is produced.
INT-0761
Kozlenko, D. S., E. V. Funk, and G. A.
Pominalnik. Utilization of the wastes from
antibiotic production. U.S.S.R. 133,333;
filed Nov. 16, 1959; issued Nov. 10, 1960.

The waste materials, e.g. mycelium mass or
culture liquids, are mixed with a hygroscopic
filler, e.g., calcium carbonate or sodium
phosphate, and are dried in vacuo while being
mixed. The dried product is then passed through
a mill, and used as an additive for livestock
feeds. (Text in Russian)
INT-0762
Vilpert, E., and Y. M. Thiebaud. Low-density
blast-furnace slag for insulation and con-
struction. France 1,235,403; filed Apr. 10,
1959; issued Nov. 21, 1960.

The slag is obtained by screening, crushing,
and granulating low-density, spongy, porous
slag from the hydraulic action of a special
device on cast iron. The material at 80 to
350 kg per cu m has excellent heat and sound
insulating properties, and is a good moisture
absorber. It may be used as is or admixed
to other binding materials. (Text in French)
INT-0763
Berndt, F., and W. Huhn (Krauss-Maffei
Aktiengesellschaft. Fats and feed from
animal carcasses and slaughterhouse waste.
Germany 1,094,082; filed Aug. 5, 1959; issued
Dec. 1, 1960.

To increase the yield of fats and the nutrients
in feed, the broth containing meat and bones
is concentrated to a moisture content of from
7 to 9 percent; then the remaining bones and
horns are removed. Subsequently, the mash is
kept hot at the melting point of the fat
which is then continuously removed in a cen-
trifuge. The defatted remainder is cooled to
room temperature and milled. Thus, no harden-
ing of protein takes place, and the feed is
easily digestible. The feed contains 8.9
270
-------
percent fat, 6.3 percent water, and 63.8
percent crude protein. Eighty-eight percent
0761-0766

of the crude protein is digestible. (Text in
German)
16
INT-0764
Cousin, J. M. H. Fertilizer by dewatering
of fermentation residues. France 1,240,451;
filed Nov. 17, 1959; issued Dec. 14, 1960.

The fermentation residues from winemaking
processes are treated with hot phosphoric acid
to fix the methylamines, to decompose betaine,
and to combine part of the glycerol. The
treated residues are mixed with peat pre-
viously heated in a potassium hydroxide (or
ammonium hydroxide) bath. The product is
dried in an oven at 300 C. (Text in French)
IIMT-0765
Pleva, M., B. Cibulka, and Z. Mikula. Method
for producing a lightweight building material.
Czechoslovakia 98,561; filed Oct. 5, 1959;
issued Feb. 15, 1961.

A lightweight building material can be pro-
duced from power plant ashes or quartz sand,
lime, and water to which (for activation of
silica) are added: hydrogen chloride, calcium
chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrox-
ide, or compounds which, reacting with calcium
hydroxide, liberate 0.5 to 5 percent sodium
hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The
mixture is poured into molds, and after 7
days in air is immersed in water for 28
days, or subjected to autoclave treatment and
steaming. For example: 50 kg of power
plant ashes are ground together with 50 kg
of calcium oxide; 25 kg of this powder are
mixed with 75 kg unground ashes; the mixture
is treated with 50 liters of water containing
4 kg of 37 percent hydrochloric acid, poured
into molds, and after solidification,
subjected to steaming or autoclave treatment.
(Text in Czechoslovakian)
INT-0766
Fleischmann, H. (VEB Spezialpapierfabrik
Niederschlag). Procedure for processing
waste products from synthetic textiles with
a cellulose base and of waste from synthetic
fibers with a polyamide base, particularly
in the production of highly absorbent matter
and for purposes of filtration, by the applica-
tion of paper, cartons and cardboard. Germany
1,102,547; filed Nov. 22, 1958; issued Mar.
16, 1961.

This procedure is used for processing wastes
from the production of synthetic textiles with
a cellulose base as well as synthetic fibers
of a polyamide base. These wastes can be
utilized in the production of highly absorbent
material, or for purposes of producing filters
from paper, cartons, and cardboard. The
ground fibers are treated with hypochlorite
at a high temperature and are matted by this
process. They are further treated with
bleached sulfite cellulose under pressure.
For the production of filter paper, the
bleached and ground sulfite cellulose is
further mixed with 70 parts cellulose to 30
parts synthetic fibers. The preparation of
271
-------
Recycling
pulp from synthetic fiber textiles with a
cellulose base is effected by means of steep-
ing the pulp for 24 hrs, grinding it for 30
to 45 minutes, and subjecting it to treatment
with calcium or sodium hypochlorite at a
temperature of 35 to 40 C and a pH of 4 to
4.5. (Text in German)
INT-0767
Webb, W. H. A., D. Spencer, and D. A. Jones
(A.P.V. Company Limited). The treatment
of distillery wastes. Great Britain
869,059; filed Apr. 11, 1956; issued May
25, 1961.

A process is presented for economic recovery
of solids contained in distillery effluents
STEAM
in a form suitable for animal feed or ferti-
lizer. Effluents are concentrated by evapora-
tion in a multistage evaporator. Tank-stored
feed is preheated to boiling in a preheater
and passes to the first of seven stages. This
process is repeated serially through the
seven stages; the steam vapor is successively
reused from one stage to the next. Concentrate
from the evaporator is continuouslv removed
and pumped into a tank where a lime/water
slurry is continuously injected for partial
neutralization. After this, the material is
dried under reduced pressure and rolled for
use in animal feed.
STFAM
DRIED
PRODUCT
INT-0768
Sauer, L., and 0. Reimann. Spongy insulating
materials based on polyamides. Germany
1,109.880; filed May 12, 1958; issued
June 29, 1961.

Waste polyamide materials are dissolved by
strong acids, for example hydrochloric acid,
with or without the application of heat.
The resulting solutions are allowed to stand,
with or without cooling, to cause gelation.
When treated with alkali carbonates at
the surfaces of the gels, foams are obtained
that are continuously stripped off to give
continuous spongy materials. The structure
of these materials varies according to the
conditions of the reaction. Raising the
temperature up to 40 C gives more compact
materials; raising the rate of stripping of
the formed foams yields products of a more
loose structure. The materials need no
further posttreatment, but washing and
drying are desired so the materials are ready
for use. (See also Great Britain 775,514)
(Text in German)
INT-0769
(Societa Italiana Leucite per Azioni). A
process for the production of a fertilizer
compound. Great Britain 875,543; filed
Oct. 7, 1959; issued Aug. 23, 1961.

Waste leather, hide, or wool is subjected
to the effect of steam at a pressure of
between 8 and 15 atm and a temperature of
200 C for 30 minutes to 6 hr, depending on
the material. The resulting liquid is concen-
trated by evaporation until the water content
is 2 to 10 percent. The material is solidi-
fied by cooling and crushed to a soluble
powder, or made into tablets suitable for
use as a fertilizer.
INT-0770
(Grubbens and Company, Aktiebolag). A
basic blast-furnace slag/gypsum mixture for
use in the manufacture of plastic boards.
Great Britain 880,229; filed Sept. 16, 1959;
issued Oct. 18, 1961.
272
-------
0767-0773
In the manufacture of plastic boards, it is
possible to produce a product having superior
properties, such as increased strength and
resistance to fire, by utilizing a mixture
of blast-furnace slag and gypsum in which
particular attention is paid to the particle-
size distribution of the slag component. In
the slag, 10 to 50 percent can have a particle
size greater than 72 mesh BSS, and 0 to 40
percent can have a particle size less than 72
mesh ESS or greater than 170 mesh BSS, and 10
to 50 percent can have a particle size less
than 170 mesh BSS. In the preferred mixture,
the slag is free of particles having a size
greater than 8 mesh BSS, which can be screened
off. Slag that possesses the requisite degree
of fineness can then be obtained by grinding.
It should have a hydraulic modulus of between
1 and 2.4 in order to utilize the hydraulic
properties of the slag for binding an aqueous
pouring mass, from which the boards are
formed. Further, the particles in the slag
must be of a size sufficient to act as rein-
forcement in the formed boards. The mixture
of slag and gyps .m should contain a minimum
of 20 percent by weight, and a maximum of 70
percent by weight of the slag.
INT-0771
Engelhart, L. Dust-free commercial ferti-
lizers from organic and mineral fertilizers.
Germany 1,116,244; filed June 22, 1959;
issued Nov. 2, 1961.

Meal from horns and bones, to which other
organic waste products may be added, is
made into a paste with the addition of
slaughterhouse blood. The mixture is piled
and subjected to anaerobic fermentation at
70 C or less. A crumbly mass is obtained;
this material can be placed into bags before
fermentation is complete. Prior to the
addition of blood or thereafter, inorganic
nitrogen and/or potassium fertilizers may be
added if desired. (Text in German)
INT-0772
Yanov, V. V., N. V. Mironov, A. V. Chuyko,
and Y. S. Chuyko. Method of manufacture
of a colored wood plastic from sawdust
without a binder. U.S.S.R. 142,016; filed
Mar. 30, 1961; issued Nov. 15, 1961.

Evergreen and deciduous sawdust having a
particle size between 0.25 and 1.0 mm and a
moisture content between 18 and 20 percent
is hydrolyzed by mixing it with a 5 percent
aqueous solution of aniline hydrochloride and
letting the mixture stand for 20 to 24 hr.
The resulting mass has a yellow-green ink
color and is dried at 60 C until the residual
moisture is reduced to 5 to 6 percent. The
dried mass, which has a yellow color, is
subjected during the molding process to hot
pressing at 140 to 150 C, at a pressure
between 100 and 250 kg per sq cm. The
finish-pressed plastic has a hard smooth
water-repellent surface of yellow-brown
color. The specific weight of this wood
plastic is 1,350 kg per cu m, its compressive
strength is between 500 and 800 kg per sq
cm, and its coefficient of thermal conductivity
is between 0.258 and 0.267 kcal per m per
degrees C per hr. The material produced can
be used as a substitute for hardwood flooring
and as lining for interior walls of buildings.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0773
Bocci, A. Method and apparatus for cleaning
wastepaper which has been coated, impregnated,
or otherwise treated with synthetic polymeric
or polycondensation resins in order to recover
the cellulosic fibers for the preparation of
papermaking pulp. Italy 624,421; filed Jan.
4, 1960; issued Dec. 4, 1961.

Resin-treated wastepaper is compressed and
placed in a container, through which a solvent
is passed to remove the resinous material with
which the paper has been treated. The solvent
is heated to a temperature at which it will
dissolve the resin in the paper; the solvent-
resin solution, so prepared, is fed into a
refrigerator where, due to the low temperature,
the solution separates into solvent and
resin. Then the solution is passed through a
filter which retains the viscous resin. The
paper remaining in the container is treated
273
-------
Recycling
with superheated steam to recover the remain-
ing solvent. The steam is then removed by a
pump; the clean paper is dried. Any small
residues of resin in the recovered solvent are
removed by evaporating the solvent under heat.
(Text in Italian)
INT-0774
(Ajinomoto Company, Inc.). Process for
purifying beet sugar waste. Great Britain
883,922; filed Sept. 17, 1959; issued Dec.
6, 1961.

A process for purifying sugar beet waste
solution comprises concentrating the waste
solution to obtain a pyroglutamic acid concen-
tration of greater than 3 percent by weight,
and subjecting the solution to electrodialysis
through an anion exchange membrane. The
resulting unmigrated pyroglutamic acid solu-
tion is then diluted to a pyroglutamic acid
concentration of less than 3 percent by weight.
After this, the pH is adjusted to between 3
and 7, and the solution is electrophorized
through an anion-exchange membrane. A
modification of this process can include
diluting the sugar beet waste solution to a
pyroglutamic acid concentration of less than
3 percent by weight, then adjusting the pH to
between 3 and 7, electrodialysing the solution,
concentrating the resulting migrated acid
solution to more than 3 percent by weight of
pyroglutamic acid, and subjecting this solution
to electrodialysis through an anion-exchange
membrane.
INT-0775
Fefer, A. S. (Invention and Discoveries
Committee, Council of Ministers U.S.S.R.).
Crystallochemical procedure for preparation
of slag powder from primary open-hearth
slags. U.S.S.R. 142,560; filed Apr. 10,
1961; issued Dec. 14, 1961.

Open-hearth slag melts are treated with 1 to
5 percent (by weight) of dolomite powder
(below 2 mm in particle size) in order to
generate crystallization of the silicate. The
slag bar is then thrown on a metallic, 10-mm-
mesh grill and left to cool for 18 to 24 hr.
Spontaneous crushing of the silica slag occurs
at approximately 300 C. About 85 to 90 per-
cent of the slag powder passes through the
grill into a receiving bunker and is then
transferred onto a carrier where it is subjec-
ted to magnetic segregation for metal
extraction. The segregated slag powder
undergoes sifting and separation according to
particle size. The slag powder with a
particle size below 1 mm, may be used as a
binder for building materials; the powder
with a particle size above 1 mm can be useful
as an agricultural fertilizer. (Text in
Russian)
274
-------
0774-0780
INT-0776
Finkener, F., J. Krug, and H. Loges (Th.
Goldschmidt A.G.). Process of detinning
lacquered tin scrap derived from tin sheet
metal. Germany 1,109,376; filed Apr. 4,
1959; issued Jan. 4, 1962.

A method of detinning lacquered tin scrap is
characterized by thermal treatment of the
scrap at a temperature between 240 and 350 C.
Thermal treatment is achieved through heating
with hot air or hot inert gases, and should last
no longer than 15 minutes. Tin sheet scrap
with 2.4 percent tin coating covered on two
sides with lacquer was detinned in sodium
lye without preliminary thermal treatment.
The residual tin content after completion
of the treatment was 0.39 percent. With prior
thermal treatment it was only 0.046
percent. Lacquered tin cans are shredded
first. The scrap can then be thermally
treated with low-oxygen gas such as flue
gas. Thermal treatment can also be achieved
with pressurized water or water vapor,
preferably at 160 to 180 C. Alkaline sub-
stances or sodium lye, potassium lye or amines
are added to the hot water. To the water
vapor, ammonia or ketones, and cyclohexanone
can be added. (Text in German)
INT-0777
Kontush, K. V., V. V. Shchegol'kov, and
V. P. Chagayey (Invention and Discoveries
Committee, Council of Ministers U.S.S.R.).
A mixer for the processing of refuse
asphalts and briquets. U.S.S.R. 143,834;
filed May 29, 1961; issued Jan. 27, 1962.

This mixer is designed to provide better
heating conditions for the processed
materials. It includes a loading and unload-
ing device assembled on the bottoms of a
specially designed drum. In order to provide
better heating conditions, the drum is pro-
vided with a gas circulating jack covering
the cylindrical, lined furnace and is
installed in a stationary structure that
allows rotation along its horizontal axis.
The drum carries a smoke funnel and is
barrel-shaped. (Text in Russian)
INT-0778
Kalmykov, P. P. (Invention and Discoveries
Committee, Council of Ministers). Device
for pressing wood waste into chair parts.
U.S.S.R. 144, 597; filed Apr. 8, 1960; issued
Feb. 15, 1962.

This device for pressing chair frames,
including the plywood seat, consists of a
rotating desk with two loading and pressing
molds that interact alternatively with a
hydraulic press. It is provided with demount-
able ring-shaped matrixes with interchangeable
punches for each compression. The release of
the processed molds occurs through a mobile
frame provided with two arched lifters and
two pairs of clamps. One of these clamps
loosens the inner ring of the matrix, while
the other detaches the punch. The performance
of these clamps is synchronized. (Text in
Russian)
INT-0779
Jodet, A., and P. Rene. Fertilizer from
animal wastes. 'France 1,276,179; filed
Oct. 8, 1960; issued Feb. 28, 1962.

Meat and fish scraps are digested with
phosphoric acid, neutralized with ammonium
hydroxide, and composted with vegetable
matter to give a fertilizer. Thus, 1,000 kg
of chopped fish scrap is digested with 110
kg of phosphoric acid (46 to 48 percent phos-
phoric anhydride) at 90 to 110 C for 90
minutes, neutralized with ammonium hydroxide,
and composted with 40 kg of vegetable matter,
such as seeds and corn stalks. (Text in
French)
INT-0780
McNally, H. L. (The Dow Chemical Company).
Method and apparatus for making light weight
aggregate. Great Britain 891,503; filed
Sept. 24, 1959; issued Mar. 14, 1962.

Expanded, lightweight aggregates are produced
from silicate or molten iron aluminum silicate
type slag. A particulate, gas-liberating,
carbonaceous material is dispersed and inti-
mately mixed with the molten ashes. The
275
-------
Recycling
carbonaceous material can be bituminous coal,
sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.
The mixture is then cooled. The apparatus
for carrying out the process includes an
inverted frusto-conical, cup-shaped mixing
chamber with an open lower end, a closed top,
and downwardly diverging sidewalls. A rota-
table agitator for mixing the materials has
an axis of rotation, and a number of blade-
like elements in symmetrical array about the
axis. A mechanism for cooling the sidewalls
and one for directing the molten slag onto
the blade-like elements are included.
IHo/ten s/oy
INT-0781
Dzierzawski, J., A. Filipkowski, and Z.
Wielgosz. Regeneration of thermoplastic
cellulose acetate wastes. Poland 45,556;
filed July 5, 1960; issued Apr. 19, 1962.

Cellulose acetate wastes, in the amount of
100 parts, are treated with an epoxy resin
in 0.01 to 5 parts. Cellulose 2,5-diacetate,
obtained by hydrolysis of photographic
films, can also be treated with an aqueous
emulsion of the epoxy resin. Thus, 100 kg
cellulose acetate wastes were mixed for
10 minutes with 2 kg melted epoxy resin,
and then rolled at 140 to 150 C. The
resulting material was crushed, ground, and
granulated by extrusion and cutting. Also,
100 parts cellulose 2,5-diacetate, obtained
by hydrolysis of photographic films, and
1,200 parts water were mixed at 35 C. A
mixture of 25 parts di-methyl phthalate and
2 parts epoxy resin (Epidian) was separately
prepared and poured into the hydrolyzate.
After 0.5-hr stirring, the plasticized
material was centrifuged, seasoned for 48
hr, gelled on hot friction rolls, and
granulated by extrusion and cutting. (Text
in Polish)
INT-0782
Yantovskii, I. A., N. I. Bereznitskaya,
and P. P. Levenets. Fertilizer. U.S.S.R.
146,320; filed Apr. 22, 1961; issued Apr. 23,
1962.

To make it possible to use wastes from the
coal enriching process, or to use shaft rock
as a fertilizer, the shaft rock or the wastes
are subjected to stepwise calcination or gasi-
fication to eliminate the organic and sulfurous
components. Wastes are charged into a vertical
hopper to undergo stepwise gasification and
cooling. (Text in Russian)
INT-0783
Duchange, G. Manufacture of white pulp
from old printed papers. France 1,299,675;
filed June 15, 1961; issued June 18, 1962.

The process for the manufacture of white
pulp from old printed paper calls for
shredding the paper, suspending it in an
aqueous solution of borax, defibrinating it,
and bleaching it with a solution of lime
276
-------
0781-0786
chloride and phosphoric acid. It is then
washed thoroughly and hung up to dry. This
entire operation can be conducted under
atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 12
to 37 C and with slight agitation. (Text
in French)
INT-0784
(U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Company, Inc.).
Rubber reclaiming apparatus. Great Britain
902,943; filed Apr. 14, 1961; issued Aug.
9, 1962.

Within a stationary hollow cylindrical
casing is a rotatable screw for reclaiming
rubber and moving it forwardl> through a
chamber. A gradually decreasing-diameter
conical element is mounted on the front
end of the screw and is rotatable with it.
A stationary wall serves as a continuation
of the casing and defines a restricted
annular channel between it and the conical
element. A reducing-diameter element
extends forward from the conical element.
An additional exterior stationary wall forms
an annular chamber outside the reducing-
diameter element. An increasing-diameter
conical element is fitted on the shaft for
rotation with it. A further stationary wall
defines a restricted annular channel about
this conical element.
J,
IIMT-0785
(Kodak Limited). Recovery of scrap polyesters.
Great Britain 905,562; filed Apr. 23, 1959;
issued Sept. 12, 1962.

A process for the preparation of linear
condensation polymers of glycols and aromatic
dicarboxylic acids comprises three primary
steps. Scrap polymer can be mixed with a
lower dialkyl ester of the aromatic dicarbox-
ylic acid originally used in preparing the
polymer. This mixture is carried out under
an inert atmosphere at a temperature in the
range of from 25 C less than the boiling
point up to 50 C more than the boiling point
of the admixed glycol, under conditions
whereby all of the scrap polymer is dissolved
and all of the monohydric alcohol is removed.
This forms a monomer composed of bis-glycol
esters of aromatic dicarboxylic acid and low
polymers thereof, having an average degree of
polymerization of less than about 10. The
monomer is heated under conditions which
completely remove that portion of the glycol
which can be vaporized, while forming an
active prepolymer with a molecular weight of
from 2,500 to 12,000. This heating is performed
under an inert atmosphere with at least
the latter part under a vacuum. The solid
particles of the prepolymer are heated with
agitation in an inert atmosphere under con-
ditions that keep the particles substantially
free-flowing; the temperature is kept at
about 10 to 90 C below the crystalline melting
point of the prepolymer, until a molecular
weight in the range of 14,000 to 'jO.OOO is
achieved. The particles are of such a size
that they completely pass through a 20-mesh
screen.
INT-0786
Calderon, A. (Calderon Automation, Inc.)
Method of and apparatus for charging scrap.
Canada 649,375; filed Dec. 5, 1960; issued
Sept. 25, 1962.

This method of rapidly feeding scrap through
a charging aperture into a steelmaking furnace
includes intermittently feeding scrap onto a
chute with sufficient momentum to establish
and maintain a flow of scrap through the
chute. The direction of flow of the scrap
through the chute is drastically altered to
interfere with the free gravitational flow of
the scrap. This causes the scrap to turn and
tumble on the chute. The scrap flows and
277
-------
Recycling
handles like a fluid; while in the chute, it
is always in a dynamic state. Elongated
pieces of scrap are oriented into longitudinal
alignment with the chute exit portion and the
charging aperture, thereby making possible
the feeding of scrap of any practical size
or shape encountered in normal steelmaklng
operations.
Rice-husk ash in the amount of 100 parts,
and 2 to 16 parts lime were milled together;
1 to 5 parts sodium silicate were added as a
1 to 5 percent aqueous solution, and the wet
mix was molded, dried, and fired at 1 ,250 C
to give refractory blocks. The fired mate-
rial can be powdered and used in mortars.
INT-0787
Becker, F., I. G. G. Kulcsar, L. Palotai,
and F. Reviczky (Nikex Nehezipari Kulkeres-
kedelmi Vallalat). Improvements in or
relating to the utilization of waste material.
Great Britain 913,177; filed Jan. 9, 1961;
issued Dec. 19, 1962.

Coal-containing waste material from coal mine
waste heaps is processed to yield fuel, coal-
rich waste, or bricks and concrete additives
from the coal-poor material produced. Frac-
tionation into coal-rich and coal-poor portions
is achieved by suspending crushed material
of optimal giain size in water and passing
this through a hydrocyclone. Waste material
is first screened to segregate large and
small components; these can then be ground
to appropriate grain size.
INT-0788
(Gesellschaft Der Ludw. Von Roll'schen
Eisenwerke A.G.). Improvements in or relating
to blasting agents. Great Britain 914,337;
filed Sept. 4, 1959; issued Jan. 2, 1963.

Efficient airblasting abrasives are obtained
from granulated iron blast-furnace slag
containing 25 to 45 percent silicon dioxide,
35 to 60 percent calcium oxide and magnesium
oxide, and 8 to 25 percent aluminum oxide.
The slag is heated at 920 to 970 C for 5 to
60 minutes to fuse only the surfaces of the
particles and heal quenching cracks, without
coagulation. Slag containing 33.8 percent
silicon dioxide, 43.6 percent calcium oxide,
3.1 percent magnesium oxide, and 16.5 percent
aluminum oxide was heat treated in this way.
The particles 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter were
blasted onto sheet iron 9 times, and a 6-mm
diameter nozzle was held 5 cm from the iron.
About 55.7 percent of the abrasive was no
finer than before use. With untreated slag
used in the same way, this figure was 3.8
percent, with quartz 17.5 percent, and with
corundum 55.6 percent.
INT-0789
Agarwal, R. K. Refractory materials. India
74,582; filed Dec. 19, 1960; issued Jan. 19,
1963.
INT-0790
Caspar!, F., and H. Meyer. Biologically
active soil-improving material. Germany
1,145,646; filed July 25, 1961; issued Mar.
21, 1963.

A storable, odorless, and biologically active
soil-improving material is manufactured by
compressing rasped garbage and sewage sludge
into bricks, and air-drying them. Varying
amounts of other biologically active and/or
nutritive materials can be added to the mixture
before compressing. Thus, a mixture of 716
cu m of garbage and 84 cu m of sludge was
compressed to 300 cu m of dry bricks without
any weight loss. (Text in German)
INT-0791
Wilson, H. W. (F. G. Woodside, and T. McGee).
Acidic fertilizer containing slag, Canada
662,222; filed Dec. 31, 1959; issued Apr. 30,
1963.

A newly developed fertilizer has a high
acidity, so that it will not decompose
immediately, but will release its nutrients
at a slow rate. It is nontoxic, easily
applied, and will neutralize alkaline soils.
The cost is low because the manufacturing
process is based on the utilization of waste
products. The necessary components of the
fertilizer are slag with a high iron content,
inorganic acids in water, and a few trace
elements. One part by weight of an acid such
as 90 percent sulfuric acid or 70 percent
phosphoric acid is added to 2 parts by weight
of water that contains 1 part by weight of
pulverized slag. These are mixed and, follow-
ing the exothermic chemical reaction, a
gelatinous product is achieved. This gel
contains the salts of the acids that were used
in the reaction, and the absorption products
of the metallic slag. The product has an
acid content of 32 to 34 percent and contains
metal absorbates to the extent of 10 percent.
INT-0792
Stirling, H. T. (Koppers Company, Inc.).
Method of sintering fly ash into lightweight
aggregate. Canada 668,732; filed Oct. 24,
1961; issued Aug. 13, 1963.
278
-------
0787-0794
A method of sintering fly ash residue from
waste gases of combustion of coal to form
a lightweight concrete aggregate comprises
depositing pellets of fly ash, bound together
with no binder other than water, in a layer
upon the upper surface of a moving grate.
The top of the layer is ignited and heated
transversely across the line of movement
of the grate, by combustion of fuel and air
from above the layer. Air is drawn downward
through the layer and the grate to heat the
pellets to a temperature at which they
sinter, and, after the grate has passed from
the region of ignition and heating, to cool
the sinter. The sinter is then discharged
from the grate and crushed to form a light-
weight aggregate component. The supply of
fuel and air for the ignition and heating
is determined by the increase or decrease in
the temperature of the ignited and heated
sinter from a predetermined constant tempera-
ture.
INT-0793
(Earbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, formerly
Meister Lucius and Bruening). Process for
regenerating waste paper. Great Britain
1,062,182; filed Apr. 16, 1960; issued Aug.
15, 1963.

A suspension of cellulose pulp is treated
in an aqueous bath softened by addition of an
alkali metal silicate and an oxygen-yielding
substance, and containing as detergent a
primary and/or secondary alkyl sulfonate with
a hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the side
chain. Then the water hardness is adjusted
to at least 10 degrees German hardness. This
is followed by the flotation of the liquor,
which is charged with the pigment particles,
for subsequent removal. Water glass is used
as the water softener and sodium peroxide as
the oxygen source. The sulfonates are gener-
ally used in proportions ranging from 0.1
percent to 2 percent. The regeneration process
is carried out by adding the indicated chemicals
to the waste paper during bleaching and com-
minuting the waste in the pulper; the concen-
tration of fibrous material is generally 4
percent, and the temperature at which the
process is conducted ranges from 40 to 60 C.
INT-0794
Honda, M. (Yahata Kagaku Kogyo K.K.). Slag
for cement. Japan 38-17,829; filed Apr. 26,
1961; issued Sept. 11, 1963.

Slag, obtained by quenching the molten slag
discharged from melting furnaces with
large quantities of water, contains about
35 percent water, thus incurring drying
costs. According to this method, the
molten slag is blown by pressurized air,
steam, or both, or dropped onto a revolving
disc for quenching and vitrifying. This
hardened slag is then crushed and used as
the additive in manufacturing Portland cement.
This slag gives about the same degree of
vitrification as the conventional water-
granulated slag. It contains far less water
and retains alumina, silica, lime alkali, and
sulfides which are usually dissolved out. A
comparison between portland cement manufactured
using this slag, and that manufactured using
the conventional water-granulated slag,
indicated that the new cement has remarkably
greater strength than the conventionally
manufactured cement. (Text in Japanese)
279
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Recycling
INT-0795
Hossain, S. U., and A. A. Pataki (Albitibi
Power and Paper Company, Ltd.)- Delnking of
waste paper. Canada 694,471; filed Sept. 11,
1962; issued Sept. 15, 1963.

Waste papers are de-inked by pulping them in
a solution containing a soluble alkaline
de-inking agent and a soluble polymer, selected
from a group of proteins and polymers having
a lactam or a substituted lactam structure.
The most suitable alkali system was found to
be a combination of sodium sulflte with a
small amount of sodium tripolyphosphate. The
de-inking system can be used for de-inking
waste paper aged for a considerable period of
time. The amount of sodium sulfite or other
de-inking agent may be widely varied. Quanti-
ties in the range of 1 to 10 percent can be
used, but the preferred range is between 3
and 5 percent. Surfactants such as soap, or
chelating agents such as the pentasodium
salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid,
are compatible with soluble polymers such as
proteins or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The
addition of the soluble polymers may be added
in the flotation cell rather than in the pulper.
Pulping temperature may be widely varied. It
appears that the de-inking treatment enhances
the reflectance in the blue region at the
expense of the reflectance in the yellow-red
region. Thus, the de-inked pulp obtains
pleasing blue-white shade, rather than merely
retaining the yellow-white of the original
stock. (See also Canada 719,622)
INT-0796
Schmidt, W. K. Process for producing charcoal.
Great Britain 936,963; filed Dec. 1, 1959;
issued Sept. 18, 1963.

Charcoal is made from a particulate
carbonaceous material, such as sawdust, which
is introduced into the upper portion of an
externally heated reaction-zone. The horizon-
tal cross section of the zone has one dimension
much greater than the dimension at right
angles to it. The reaction zone is substan-
tially unobstructed in a vertical direction
and has its shortest dimension extending
between two substantially parallel planar
boundaries of the reaction zone. This effects
controlled passage of the material down through
the reaction zone under the influence of
gravity, while heat is supplied externally.
Thus, progressive carbonization of the
material is achieved, and charcoal is formed.
The charcoal moves countercurrently to upwardly
flowing volatile products of carbonization.
The volatile content of charcoal formed is
controlled by adjustment of the temperature
of the hottest part of the reaction zone,
and continuous withdrawal of substantially
uniformly carbonized charcoal from the lower
portion of the reaction zone. The temperature
of the hottest part of the reaction zone is
between 720 and 1 ,000 F.
INT-0797
Foster, T. W. F., and W. E. Stephens
(Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation).
Recovery of aluminum from aluminum scrap.
Australia 247,077; filed May 19, 1959;
issued Sept. 24, 1963.

This method of recovering aluminum from
aluminum scrap uses fused salt having a
density less than that of aluminum and at
least one alkali metal halide. A small but
effective amount of fluoride is present in the
fused salt to strip the oxide coating from
the aluminum scrap. The fused salt is
continuously introduced into a mixing chamber
at a velocity sufficient to create agitation,
whereby it is mixed with the aluminum scrap.
A mixture of fused salt and aluminum is
withdrawn from below the surface of the fused
280
-------
0795-08Q1
salt and passed below another fused salt
surface in a settling chamber. Molten
aluminum settles beneath the fused salt and is
recovered. The preferred salt composition
employs the eutectic mixture comprising 44
percent by weight of sodium chloride and 56
percent by weight of potassium chloride. The
salt should be maintained at a temperature
not less than 1,300 F. Cryolite, in
concentrations of 2.5 to 5 percent by weight
of total flux produced, is an effective
fluoride constituent.
INT-0798
Chumburidze, P. I., and M. I. Zautashvili.
Preparation of tartaric acid. U.S.S.R.
157,952; filed Dec. 16, 1960; issued Oct.
18, 1963.

Tartaric acid is prepared from winemaking
wastes and other raw material by ion-exchange
techniques, concentration in vacuo, and
crystallization. To simplify the process and
increase the yield of the product, the raw
material is first treated with sodium carbon-
ate; the resulting solution of tartrates is
passed through an anion-exchange column. The
tartaric acid adsorbed is eluted with sodium
hydroxide, and the tartrate solution is final-
ly passed through a cation-exchange column.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0799
Tanaka, H. Method of producing shock-
absorbing and heat-insulating materials from
trash. Japan 38-22,246; filed Aug. 2, 1961;
issued Oct. 21, 1963.

Useful materials such as shock-absorbing
fillers for packing use and heat-insulating
or acoustic pressed boards for construction
use are produced from reclaimed trash using
this method. Urban solid wastes should be
separated into earth and sand, glass, kitchen
garbage, etc. by means of a vibrating strainer
or screen net (mesh is about 2 to 5 cm).
Bulky trash, such as cardboard boxes and
wooden boards or cases, are crushed, and
empty bottles and cans, wornout shoes, etc.,
are removed by hand. The solid wastes so
selected are put into a cyclone or a wind-
force duct separator to complete the removal
of earth and sand, nails, glass fragments,
and the like. The remaining solid wastes,
now completely without mineral materials, are
classified into light, medium, and heavy by
their specific gravity. Each group may then
be selectively used as a material to produce
a desired product's weight and strength
requirements. The wastes and large quantities
of water are processed by a heater and reduced
to pulp. Antiseptics, such as creosote and
casein, may be added when necessary. The
pulped material is then press-molded by a
patented textile machine, and dried by a
patented drier which is similar to a hot
press. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0800
Kubicki, T. (Slaska Fabryka Mydla). Prepa-
ration of a fertilizer from animal waste
materials. Poland 47,848; filed Nov. 24,
1962; issued Dec. 30, 1963.

A multicomponent fertilizer containing some
protein substances was obtained from the
residue of animal waste materials after acid
or basic hydrolysis. The insoluble residue,
after hydrolysis of horns and hoofs, was dried
at 100 to 130 C to obtain a maximum water
content of 10 percent. The dry residue was
mixed with an equal amount of powdered bone
meal (the gelatinous substances were removed
beforehand from the bone meal), and a ferti-
lizer was obtained which contained 9.88
percent moisture, 14.43 percent phosphoric
anhydride, 4.67 percent nitrogen, 8.06 .
percent calcium oxide, and traces of
potassium oxide. The fertilizer may be
stored without decomposition; it decomposes
gradually on the soil without losses. (Text
in Polish)
INT-0801
Bolotin, A. Y., L. Y. Yerikhemzon-Logvinskiy,
N. K. Leonidov, A. V. Markov, and M. V.
Rutus. Device for continuous ladle-less
removal of slag from a blast furnace and
production of granulated slag. U.S.S.R.
159,871; filed Apr. 3, 1962; issued Jan.
14, 1964.

A sealed container connected by a granulating
chute has a sealed steam collector with a
I 1
281
-------
Recycling
receiving chamber for separating pulp from
steam. The lower part of the receiving
chamber is connected by a T-pipe with the
slag conduit. Its upper part contains a
separator, and above it filters for
purification of the steam are located. In
operation, slag is pressed by means of
steam from the container into the granu-
lating chute, in which it is subjected to
the action of strong water jets; it becomes
granular, and enters in the form of pulp
into the receiving chamber, from where the
pulp is discharged through a hydroelevator
into the slag conduit. Steam formed during
granulation is collected in the receiving
chamber, and is fed continuously through
the separator and the filters to the
consumer installations. (Text in Russian)
INT-0802
Vom Ende, H. (Mannesmann A. G.). Blast
furnace slag of low porosity for road
building. Germany 1,170,302; filed
Jan. 17, 1963; issued May 14, 1964.

A procedure is provided for preparing slag
for road building which meets the qualifi-
cation requirements of German Industrial
Standards No. 4301. Aluminum or a
silicon-manganese mixture is added to liquid
slag outside of the blast furnace. A slag
with porosity of 37 percent and a density
of 1.90 kg per cu dm was treated with 0.5
percent aluminum in the form of small
ingots. After hardening, this produced
a slag with a porosity of 5 percent and
a density of 2.85 kg per cu dm. This
process is applicable to road building
material using other slags. (Text in
German)
INT-0803
Itano, A., and I. Tawa. Treatment of
garbage to produce carbon fertilizer. Japan
39-13,031; filed Aug. 16, 1961; issued July
8, 1964.

To carbonize garbage, thereby reducing it to
a useful fertilizer that is more conducive
to soil quality improvement than to direct
fertilization, garbage is first manually
sorted to remove bulky rubbish such as
wooden boxes, straw bags, etc. It is
then fed into an inclined rotary screening
device to separate out sand and earth. A
conveyor removes the dirt. Fragments of
stone, metals, and similar solids are
screened by means of pneumatic and
electromagnetic separators. Impurities
still remaining in the garbage are removed
by hand. The garbage is then charred in
the carbonization furnace. After one more
screening, the garbage is used as a carbon
fertilizer. The number of carbonization
or combustion furnaces necessary can be
determined according to the quantity of
garbage to be handled. Two or more of
them can be combined to increase the
capacity of this sytem. The tubular or
rectangular furnace has a cone-shaped
ignition chamber in the center of the
bottom. Vents are provided on side walls
of the ignition chamber. Connected to
the top of the conical chamber is a stack
that sticks out of the furnace top. In-
stalled inside of the chamber is a gas
burner connected to a gas pipe and an
air intake pipe, both of which are
equipped with control valves to adjust
the combustion. The feed-in port is in
the top and the discharge port is in the
lower front. The inspection window and
a thermometer are also provided in the
front side. (Text in Japanese)
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INT-0804
Filin, N. A., B. P. Derevenskiy, A. I.
Trepalin, Z. I. Vaysgant, and S. G. Smirnov.
Method of reprocessing scrapped
storage-battery plates. U.S.S.R. 164,122;
filed July 8, 1963; issued July 30, 1964.

The plates are subjected to the single
operation of reduction smelting in a steel
kettle at 650 to 700 C under a layer of
molten flux, formed of a 1 to 1 mixture
of potassium chloride and sodium carbonate,
using granulated charcoal as a reducing
agent. The flux is first melted in the
kettle, then small batches of scrapped
plates and charcoal of a grain size not
exceeding 15 to 20 mm are alternately
charged under the flux layer in a weight
ratio between 12.5 to 1 and 20 to 1,
respectively. The lead oxides are reduced
by solid carbon or by gaseous carbon
monoxide. The molten flux removes films
of oxides forming on the surface of metal
reguli obtained by the reduction process,
thereby facilitating their coalescence to
progressively larger reguli, and its layer
on the surface of the molten metal bath
282
-------
0802-0808
prevents oxidation of the latter by the
oxygen in the air. The weight of flux
required for this process varies between
1 and 2 percent of that of the scrapped
plates, the yield of lead being between
85 and 90 percent. (Text in Russian)
INT-0805
(Elektrokemisk A/S). Recovering fluorine,
sodium, and aluminum compounds from furnace
wastes. Norway 104,495; filed Oct. 11,
1962; issued Aug. 17, 1964.

Waste material from the electrolytic
manufacture of aluminum is leached with an
alkaline solution, and cryolite is precipi-
tated by a two-stage process. Thus, 1,055
kg furnace bottom material is powdered and
treated with 12.85 cu m of a solution
containing 20 kg sodium fluoride. This
solution is the recirculated mother liquor
of the second stage with the addition of
0.151 cu m of 40 percent sodium hydroxide.
After filtration, 13 cu m of a solution
containing 90.3 kg fluoride, 21.3 kg
aluminum, and 155.5 kg sodium remained.
Then 2.91 cu m of tower acid from the gas
washing plant, containing 3 percent hydrogen
fluoride, was added at pH 10 to 11. The
second precipitation was carried out at
pH 4 to 5 with 2.56 cu m aluminum fluoride
solution, prepared by dissolving approxi-
mately 100 kg alumina trihydrate in 2.56
cu m tower acid. In all, 470 kg cryolite,
corresponding to 68 percent of the total
fluoride present in the furnace wastes,
was obtained. The process eliminates
time-consuming analysis work and the need
for a large storage area. The yield of
the valuable components is almost
quantitative, and the product has good
filtering and settling properties.
(Text in Norwegian)
INT-0806
Carr, G., and B. Englund (Svenska Taendsticks
A.B.). Production of paper, cardboard, and
other fiber products from raw materials
consisting completely or partly of waste
paper containing printer's ink. Sweden
191,144; filed Mar. 1, 1960; issued Aug.
25, 1964.

A whiter product is obtained by removing
most of the ink from paper according to
this procedure. After pulping in alkali,
the wastepaper is washed and then treated
with a foaming agent in a flotation system.
Here, the ink and ink-coated fibers rise
to the surface attached to bubbles, while
the clean fibers fall to the bottom and
are ready for dewatering and papermaking.
The remaining pulp in the flotation scum
is treated to break down the foam, and the
remaining gas is dissolved in the liquid by
centrifugation under pressure. The
suspended liquid is recycled to the
pulping step, and the impurities are
concentrated for disposal. (Text in
Swedish)
INT-0807
Kreker, H., G. Neuendorf, W. Reil, and
W. Roemer (Habrawerk Wilhelm F. Ott).
Bodies formed from thermoplastics coated
paper scraps. Great Britain 973,203; filed
Feb. 11, 1963; issued Oct. 21, 1964.

A process for the utilization of wastepaper
coated with thermoplastic materials, such as
polyolefins or vinyl polymers of copolymers,
begins with the material in comminuted form.
Further comminuted scraps may be added
without paper backing. The materials are
shaped into panels or plates by pressing
under pressure and heat.
INT-0808
Bystroem, S. G. Fermentation of waste
sulphite liquors for fertilizers. Canada
696,556; filed Mar. 28, 1963; issued Oct.
27, 1964.

A method for producing fertilizer or a soil
improvement agent from sulfite waste liquor
by fermentation also recovers acids and
combustible gases formed in the process.
The pH of the sulfite waste liquor is raised
by the addition of an alkali. The liquor is
then inoculated with a bacteria-bearing
putrefied sludge. Under aeration, the
inoculated liquor thus obtained is subjected
first to a submersed aerobic fermentation,
and then to an anaerobic fermentation.
Gases developed in the course of the
anaerobic fermentation are collected. This
is carried out in an open fermentation basin
until approximately 30 percent of the sulfite
waste liquor's content of putrescible organic
283
-------
Recycling
matter has been broken down. The putrefied
sludge formed in the fermentation is sepa-
rated from the liquor, and this sludge is
treated with a mineral acid for the removal
A
of acetic acid. It is then recovered to be
used as a fertilizer or soil conditioning
agent.
INT-0809
Pillorget, P. (Produits Chimiques de
Sainte-Colombe). Utilization of vegetable
waste material in the manufacture of wood
panels. France 1,381,209; filed Nov. 17,
1960; issued Nov. 2, 1964.

A procedure is provided to utilize sawdust
and the furfural produced as a byproduct
in the acid hydrolysis of cellulosic waste
material. After humidification at 70 C,
the cellulose-containing material is
treated with acid to form furfural. A
9 percent furfural yield is obtained, e.g.
from beechwood. This treatment results in
rapid polymerization without a loss of the
material's qualities through degradation;
the material can thus be used immediately
for the manufacture of panels. (Text in
French)
INT-0810
(Aktiebolaget Separator). Method for the
recovery of edible proteins from abattoir
waste and plant therefor. Great Britain
974,154; filed Jan. 8, 1963; issued Nov. 4,
1964.
A method for recovering edible proteins from
fatty tissues, such as meat trimmings con-
taining fat and proteins, is carried out by
the rendering of fat out of the fatty tissue.
The rendered fat is separated from the
proteins, and recovery occurs continuously.
After the fatty tissues have been reduced
into particles, they are indirectly heated
in a first heating stage to a temperature
at which the fat contained in the tissue
starts melting. A molten mass is achieved,
and then there is a second heating stage,
where the mass is heated up to a point
slightly below the temperature at which
the proteins start to denature. After this,
the fatty tissue thus treated is stirred,
while being partially further disintegrated
at a temperature which does not exceed the
temperature reached in the second heating
stage. Finally, the fatty tissue is
separated into its components: melted fat
and undenatured proteins. A pump is the
device used to deliver the mass from the
first to the second heating stage. The
second heating stage takes place in a tube
heat exchanger; the stirring and partial
18
284
-------
0809-0813
further disintegration after the second
heating stage is carried out in a
disintegrator. The final separation is
carried out in a centrifugal separator
from which fat and proteins are discharged
separately. The first heating stage is
carried out at approximately 40 C, the
second heating stage at about 49 C, and
the third stage at about 49 C.
INT-0811
Wright, J. W. R. Improvements in or
relating to the manufacture of synthetic
aggregates. Great Britain 974,240; filed
Dec. 1, 1960; issued Nov. 4, 1964.

Waste slag, shale, or ash is used to make
aggregate for use in the building trade.
The process consists of the following steps:
removing any granules smaller than 80 mesh
or larger than the desired ultimate size;
feeding the selected granular material to
a kiln; drying the granules; progressing
the granules through the kiln In the
presence of an oxidizing agent; and
sintering the granules. The apparatus
in which the aggregate is made consists
of a cylindrically shaped rotary kiln,
divided axially at the inlet end into
tubular passages for drying. Weirs, angle
of repose, and rotational speed of the
kiln control the progress of the aggregate
material through the kiln. Combustion of
fuel gas or oil in the kiln supplies the
heat for the sintering of the aggregate.
Control of the combustion gases by air
circulators or exhaust fans maintains the
required temperature in the kiln.
INT-0812
Ortner, H., and H. Nisser (J. M. Voith
G.m.b.H.). Process and apparatus for
removing ink from printed waste paper.
Canada 699,582; filed May 17, 1962;- issued
Dec. 8, 1964.

Printed materials consisting of fibers and
a filler are purified. The process involves
subjecting the printed material to a flota-
tion process in a mixture of water, printed
material, and a saponaceous flotation agent.
Through this mixture a gas is passed; the
ink particles adhere to the gas bubbles
rising to the top of the mixture. The
froth is sprayed with water to form a
turbid liquid; this liquid is separated
into cleaned water and a thick substance,
consisting essentially of 30 to 40 percent
of solid matter which includes the ink
particles. The apparatus includes a
number of series-connected flotation
cells for subjecting the liquid mixture
to a flotation process. A worm centri-
fuge is connected in series with the
last cell.
G G
A\C\0\ 9, r & 9 By r JO
i i /
INT-0813
(E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company).
Recovery of synthetic resin scrap. Great
Britain 977,955; filed Aug. 1, 1963; issued
Dec. 16, 1964.

Thermoplastic synthetic resin scrap of
variable and relatively low bulk density
is converted into material of uniform and
higher bulk density. This is done by
continuously passing the particulate
thermoplastic synthetic resin scrap into
a tapered screw compactor, which is
driven at a controlled torque, so as to
cause the particulate resin to issue from
the compactor under a constant pressure
of from 75 Ib per sq in. to just below
the pressure at which the compacted resin
would be converted into melt form. The
compacted resin is continuously passed
from the compactor directly into a melt
screw extruder, which continuously emits
285
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Recycling
the molten synthetic resin. The extrudate
can subsequently be cut into particles or
pellets of uniform size. A wide variety
of thermoplastic material such as poly-
olefins, polyesters, polyamides and
polyethers, as well as nonthermoplastic
material such as asbestos, hemp, and
various inorganic fillers that can be
incorporated with the thermoplastic material,
can be conditioned for reclamation by this
process.
INT-0814
Wihsmann, F. G., and W. Hinz. Electric
insulation from copper slag. East Germany
35,718; filed Mar. 18, 1961; issued Jan.
15, 1965.

The fusible slag from copper smelting is
cast at 1,250 C into metal molds preheated
to 450 to 830 C, followed by cooling to room
temperature in 5 hr. The product has a
direct current resistance at room temperature
of greater than 10 to the 16th ohm cm, a
dielectric contant of 8.0 to 7.5 at 50 cycles
to 30 megacycles, dielectric loss factor of
4 to 1 times 10 to the third, a breakdown
strength of 30 kb, and excellent creep
resistance. (Text in German)
INT-0815
Rozlovskiy, A. A., and V. V. Pokrovskiy.
Method of recovery of tin from sheet iron
scrap. U.S.S.R. 169,255; filed Oct. 15,
1963; issued Mar. 11, 1965.

Nondegreased sheet iron scrap is kept
immersed for 20 to 30 minutes in a 100- to
200-g per liter solution of sodium
disulfide maintained at a temperature of
90 to 100 C. In this process, the sodium
disulfide solution breaks down the grease
film,, and almost all of the tin passes
into solution in the form of sodium thio-
stannate. Metallic tin is recovered from
this solution electrolytically, or by some
other known method. The electrolyte,
stripped of tin, can be reused in the
described scrap treatment process many
times until an unduly high accumulation of
organic solutes necessitates its replace-
ment by a freshly-made one. The proposed
method of recovery lowers the net cost of
secondary tin by reducing the number of
separate operations required. (Text in
Russian)
INT-0816
Haussig, H. G. (Harsco Corporation). Method
and apparatus for processing ferrous slag.
Australia 283,811; filed Oct. 4, 1963;
issued Apr. 8, 1965.

An installation for processing slag and other
solid refuse resulting from iron or steelmaking
operations recovers metal scrap and produces
sized structural aggregate, free from iron and
steel inclusions. The apparatus comprises a
separating station to remove free iton and
steel pieces from the incoming raw material.
The iron and steel pieces are cleaned and
separated into size classifications by the
mechanism provided. A primary crushing
station receives the predominantly nonmagnetic
fraction form the first separating station;
here all pieces of the fraction are reduced
to a predetermined size to liberate further
magnetic pieces and to provide materials for
an agggegate cleaning and sizing station.
There is a second separation station which
receives the output of the primary crushing
station and removes the released magnetic
pieces in the output. The aggregate cleaning
and sizing station also has a sizing feature
to reject all pieces passing through the
crushing station which are beyond a predeter-
mined particle size. The secondary crushing
station has a receiver for the oversized
rejects from the sizing device. The output
of the secondary crushing station is conveyed
to the second separation station. The sizing
device has a pair of parallel paths, one of
which produces an end-product of clean aggre-
gate having one range of particle size, while
the other path produces an end-product of
clean aggregate having a second range of
particle size. There is a controlled conveyor
for directing the oversized particles from the
sizing mechanism into the secondary crushing
station.
286
-------
0814-0820
IIMT-0817
Drobchenko, A. T., P. I. Dochello, L. M.
Kabanov, V. N. Mazanik, B. N. Ranskiy, and
V. A. Kharaim. Method of reprocessing
liquid waste slag. U.S.S.R. 171,117; filed
Oct. 19, 1962; issued May 11, 1965.

The molten waste slag is treated in an
electric arc furnace by blowing a carbon-air
mixture through it, and by depositing
additions of lime and a solid reducing
agent on its surface. The carbon-air
mixture is passed through the metal bath
forming under the slag layer to maintain its car-
bon content between 2.5 and 4 percent. The metal
oxides present in the waste slag are reduced
by the simultaneous action of calcium carbide,
iron carbide forming under the action of the
carbon-air mixture, metallic iron, and
products of dissociation of the carbon-air
mixture which have not reacted with the
metal bath. The carburization of the metal
bath enables the temperature of the recov-
ered metal to be lowered from 1,500 to
1,200 C while it remains in the liquid state.
Slag, from which the metals have been removed
in this process, is used as raw material for
the production of building materials, such as
road-paving blocks. (Text in Russian)
INT-0819
Michkareva, V. I. Method of production of
ash concretes. U.S.S.R. 172,215; filed
July 20, 1958; issued June 22, 1965.

The ash is thoroughly mixed, first with
a small amount of a mineral binder, then
with SL cement solution of paste. Finally,
the resulting mass is formed into spherical
granules in a granulator. Preliminary
granulation of the ash predetermines a
coarsely porous structure of the concrete,
thereby lowering its specific weight and
simultaneously improving its physicomech-
anical properties. In coarsely porous or
dense, light concrete, the setting of
the granules can be allowed to take place
simultaneously with that of the cement
matrix. In such cases, they are
transferred from the granulator directly
to the concrete mixer,amid they are set
with the matrix. By the use of prelim-
inary ash granulation, new porous
fillers can be produced whose properties
are suited for the production of dense,
light concretes having a compressive
strength of 65, 79, and 106 kg per sq cm
at a specific weight (dry) of 1.18, 1.22,
and 1.24 kg per cu cm, respectively. (Text
in Russian)
INT-0818
Borggreen, G. Production of fuel gas from
garbage. France 1,399,544; filed Sept. 30,
1963; issued May 14, 1965.

Household garbage, dried sewage, and
similar organic wastes can be converted
to fuel gas by partial oxidation in a
producer unit at 700 to 900 C. Thus, 0.7
to 0.8 cu m of gas containing 12 percent
carbon dioxide, 4.8 percent carbon monoxide,
14.1 percent methane, 69.1 percent nitrogen,
and no detectable higher hydrocarbons,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen, with
1,495 kcal per cu m higher and 1,450 lower
heating value, and 0.9797 specific gravity
(relative to air) was preduced from 1 kg of
garbage. This gas has low toxicity, and
this, and its low oxygen content, make it
especially suitable as a diluent for
adjustment of the heat content of town
gas. Thus, a mixture of this gas with
25.8 percent hexane had a higher heating
value of 7,000 kcal per cu m, and a
mixture containing 13.1 percent hexane
had 4,200 kcal per cu m. Similar results
were obtained from other types of household
and garden refuse, and from dried sewage.
Purification of the product gas from solids
and condensable tars is described. (Text
in French)
INT-0820
Mennell, G. G. Method of and substance for
constructing flexible pavement. Great
Britain 996,214; filed May 5, 1961; issued
June 23, 1965.

Fly ash, with a residual moisture content of
18 percent, is mixed 30 percent by weight
with 4 percent calcium hydrate, 1 percent
Portland cement, and 1 percent sodium
carbonate. To this is added 64 percent by
weight of aggregate, such as soil, slag,
broken stone, or clinker, all of uniform
size. The mixture is dumped, spread
conventionally, and finally consolidated
10
ak?>OTM
287
-------
Recycling
by rolling or mechanical vibratory means.
The base, which has heat-resistant
properties, may then be covered with a
suitable material.
allowed to stand for 4 days. Finally, 2
kg of quicklime is gradually added over 2
days. Surplus water is eliminated by
pouring the product through a sieve and
then adding 2 kg of water glass. The plastic
mass obtained is cast in the desired shape
and dried. During the drying, the shapes
are sprinkled with an equal mixture of
calcium silicate and water. (Text in
French)
INT-0821
(Centre de Recherches de Pont-a-Mousson).
Production of molded articles using portland
cement. Belgium 662,590; filed June 8,
1964; issued Aug. 2, 1965.

A mixture of portland cement, asbestos fiber,
and an amount of fly ash at least equal in
weight to the cement is molded and hardened
by exposure to water vapor greater than
atmospheric pressure, but not exceeding 2
atm. The mixture may contain 55 to 75
percent fly ash for 45 to 25 percent
portland cement, and may be hardened by
exposure to water vapor to 0.1 bar (about
0.1 kg per sq cm). (Text in French)
INT-0822
Donati, A. Thermal and acoustical insulation.
France 1,409,794; filed July 8, 1964; issued
Sept. 3, 1965.

Steam boilers and pipes are insulated with
a compound based on waste newsprint. To
8 kg of shredded newsprint are added 2 kg
of caustic soda and 30 liters of water. The
mixture is steeped for 8 days, with mechan-
ical agitation every 48 hr. Then the pulp
is diluted with 10 liters of water and
\
\
INT-0823
Michalski, J., S. Kijak, Z. Kowalski, T.
Idzikowski, W. Grajek, S. Chrzanowski,
H. Kukla, and B. Laskawiec (Huta Szczecin).
Lime-sand bricks. Poland 50,063; filed
Dec. 21, 1962; issued Sept. 30, 1965.

Powdered slag was used instead of lime for
the production of bricks having a compressive
Strength greater than 100 kg per sq cm, and
a porosity of about 11 to 12 percent. The
slag should have a density of 2.92 g per sq
cm, and a particle size distribution such
that the residue on a 10-micron mesh
screen is 0.8 percent, on 20-micron, 0.3
percent, on 40-micron, 0.4 percent, on
50-micron, 1.7 percent, on 80-micron, 12.7
percent, on 100-micron, 8.1 percent, and
on 200-micron, 23.7 percent. (Text in
Polish)
INT-0824
Caussanel, A. Fertilizer from winemaking
and distillation residues. France 1,426,053;
filed Jan. 29, 1959; issued Dec. 20, 1965.

A procedure is provided whereby residues
from winemaking and distillation can be
utilized as fertilizer. After clearing
away the skins, stalks and pits, the
residues are pressed to remove excess
water; to this, complementary fertilizer
substances can be added as required. The
final pH must be less than 6.5, and
the mixture must not contain more than
1.5 percent sulfuric acid. The mixture
is then rapidly dried to an optimal
humidity of 5 percent,aHdd sifted to the
required size of granules. The finished
product is a fertilizer having the following
composition: organic nitrogen, 4.25 percent;
phosphoric anhydride, 1 percent; and potas-
sium oxide, 2 percent. (Text in FrpnrM
288
-------
0821-0829
INT-0825
(Fisons Fertilizers Limited). Basic slag
fertilizer. Belgium 666,451; filed July
14, 1964; issued Jan. 6, 1966.

Basic slag discharged from a furnace is
cooled slowly for 1.5 hr from 1,500 to 500 C,
without the use of water or air, then it is
cooled to 500 to 150 C and ground so that
60 percent passes through a 0.152-mm mesh
sieve. By screening or by air separation,
particles 0.15 to 0.80 mm are recovered.
This slowly cooled slag, containing
appreciable quantities of silicocarnotite,
is more easily crushed and is more
effective in pot experiments growing rye
grass in pH 4.4 soils than is more rapidly
cooled slag. (Text in French)
INT 0826
Martin, R. K., and J. C. Stothard (George
Scott and Sons, Ltd.). Process and
apparatus for treatment of distillery waste
material. Great Britain 1,018,606; filed
Apr. 9, 1963; issued Jan. 26, 1966.

This process converts distillery wastes
to a fibrous material suitable for use as
animal fodder. Draff and spent wash, which
has been treated so it has a solids content
of between 15 and 70 percent by weight,
are mixed in a vessel to form a substan-
tially homogeneous substance. After being
atomized, the waste is dried with heated
air to form a granular, fibrous material.
Preferably, the heated air is at a
temperature between 300 and 600 F.
INT-0827
(Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheldeanstalt,
formerly Roessler). De-inking of waste
paper. Netherlands 6,509,829; filed July
29, 1965; issued Jan. 31, 1966.

The chemical treatment in the first step
of the flotation process of ink removal
is improved. Besides the usual sodium
peroxide and water glass, aliphatic
carboxylic acid emulsifiers are added.
To 1,000 kg of wastepaper are added
18 cu m of water, 20 kg of sodium peroxide,
50 kg of water glass, and 10 kg of the
following mixture! 55 percent oleic acid,
23 percent ricinoleic acid, 9 percent
stearic acid, 10 percent palmitic acid,
and 3 percent abietic acid. The paper is
repulped 20 minutes at 35 C, then beaten
2 hr, and the impurities are removed by
flotation after dilution to 1 percent. The
brightness of the paper is 60 to 62 as
compared to 58 to 60 in the old process,
when soft soap or polyglycol ethers of
fatty alcohols are used. (Text in Dutch)
INT-0828
Ottenholm, T. A. I. Treating bark and
wood waste for use as concrete fillers,
and structural elements of concrete
containing bark and wood waste thus treated.
Sweden 201,851; filed July 13, 1962; issued
Feb. 8, 1966.

Structural plates are manufactured by
applying powdered, crude portland cement
to moistened bark and drying. For example,
clean bark of spruce or pine is comminuted
to pieces 12 to 25 mm in size, centrifuged
to 35 percent water content, mixed with a
rapidly setting cement in a rotating drum,
and dried in a heating and/or ventilating
device. Then, 40 parts of the glazed bark,
containing 35 percent moisture, is mixed
with 60 parts mortar, made of cement, water,
sand and/or ground slag. The mass is cast
under vigorous vibration, the mold is opened
after 2 days, and the plates obtained are
stored 30 days out of doors before use.
(Text in Swedish)
INT-0829
(The Black-Clawson Company). Method and
apparatus for treating plastic coated
waste paper material to recover fibrous
material therefrom. Great Britain 1,020,003;
filed Oct. 24, 1962; issued Feb. 16, 1966.

This method comprises charging a tub with
a mixture of the waste material and water.
289
-------
Recycling
The mixture is then agitated in the tub,
under conditions creating intense hydraulic
shear with minimum mechanical action, until
at least the major portion of the fibrous
material has been separated from the
plastic. Then the liquid and the major
portion of the separated fibrous material
are removed by passing them through a
screen having perforations, while retained
in the tub is all of the waste material
too large to pass through the perforations.
The retained material is removed separately.
The apparatus for treating the plastic-coated
aastepaper material comprises the tub, the
perforated screen, a rotor mounted about a
central axis within the tub, and vanes
extending outward from the hub and overlying
the screen. Each of the vanes has a leading
surface portion of substantial area to
subject the mixnure to hydraulic shear.
This causes separation of the fibers from
the plastic coating, and reduces the
fibers to particle size small enough to
pass through the screen.
INT-0830
Stoertz, R. W., and W. B. Goodwin (West
Virginia Pulp and Paper Company). Active
carbon, production and use thereof. Great
Britain 1,020,189; filed Aug. 28, 1964;
issued Feb. 16, 1966.

Activated carbon is obtained from fly ash
by burning pine bark or waste with excess
air in a steam boiler. Optimum results
are obtained with dry bark (1/8 to 1/4 in.
in diameter), air preheated to over 200 F,
and combustion at more than 1,600 C.
Decreased yields and/or less active, but
still satisfactory material, are obtained
with wet bark, a mixture of soft and
hardwood barks, larger bark pieces, and
cold air. The product has superior
handling properties to existing types.
All particles are equally active,
regardless of size. Coal, wood peat,
and bagasse do not produce fly ash with
the high adsorptive properties of bark
fly ash at the same yield. The activated
carbon can be used to remove taste, odor,
or color from a liquid.
INT-0831
Webster, G. A. (Dominion Foundries and
Steel Limited). Process for production
of abrasive grit from furnace slags. Canada
729,559; filed May 31, 1963; issued Mar. 8,
1966.
SOLID SLAG » STEEL
APPROX. 000° f
LOUIO SLAG 4 STEEL
APPROX ItOCff
This process is for the removal of metal
and production of abrasive grit from slag
from a steel bath in a slag pot. The
steel in the slag is permitted to settle
to the bottom of tne pot. The slag and
GRIZZLY SHAKER SEPARATES
•LARGE STEEL PIECES FROM
SLAG
SLAG FOR
AftRASIVE
MANUFACTURE
290
-------
0830-0834
the steel are emptied, by pouring the slag
and then the steel into cooled containers.
These containers have thick heat-absorbing
metal walls to freeze the slag under rapid
transfer of heat. The frozen slag is
ejected into a device which separates
metallics, and crushes the slag into abrasive
grit. The containers, subsequent to the
ejection of slag from them, are subjected to
coolant action for the dissipation of heat
absorbed by the containers from the slag.
INT-0832
Wihsmann, F. G., and W. Hinz. Homogenous
shaped bodies from crude copper slags.
East Germany 45,563; filed Oct. 25, 1962;
issued Apr. 15, 1966.

In a process for the manufacture of finely
crystalized homogenous-shaped bodies from
crude copper slag, remelted vitreous and/or
crystalized slag is cast into preheated molds,
and the solidified casts are heat-treated.
Then, 0.1 to 5 percent of a chiomium compound
is added to the slag to support the crystal-
lization of foreign crystal seeds contained
therein. The chromium compound may be
replaced by 4 percent carbon or carbonaceous
compounds in fine or coarse dispersion.
Alternately, mixtures of carbonaceous and
chromium compounds may be used, and the slag
is tempered 0.5 to 5 hr at 800 to 1,200 C
under oxidizing conditions before adding
the mixture. It is then cooled at a rate of
(preferably) 30 degrees per minute to room
temperature. Instead of preheated metal
molds, molds of quartz sand with oil binder
may be used, preheated to less than or equal
to 300 C. (Text in German)
INT-0833
Balster, H. W. (Rheinstahl Huettenwerke A.G.).
Shaft furnace and method for scrap melting.
Germany 1,216,902; filed Dec. 3, 1960; issued
May 18, 1966.

A shaft furnace for melting scrap has a
cylindrical cross section. It is -tightly
sealed against the entrance of air. Oxygen/gas
or oxygen/oil nozzles, which rotate about an
axis, are the sole heat suppliers. It is
preferable to install several tiers of nozzles.
The nozzles of the lowest tier can be tilted
directly toward the metal layer at the bottom.
No other fuel enters the furnace with the
scrap. The steel is continuously cast into
the extrusion plant. The scrap is charged
from above, and it is heated by countercurrents
to the melting point. The liquid steel is
gathered in the bottom of the furnace. With
the scrap, either calcium carbonate, calcium
oxide, or calcium fluoride is added for slag
formation. The liquid slag settles above the
steel, because it has a lower specific
weight. (Text in German)
INT-0834
Fieffe, C. F. A protein food from wastes.
France 1,439,936; filed Mar. 8, 1965; issued
May 27, 1966.

A powdered nonhygroscopic protein food for
cattle is prepared from slaughterhouse and
fishery offal, yeasts, oil cakes, plankton,
and other protein-containing material. This '
is done by partial hydrolysis with enzymes
(especially papain), elimination of non-protein
components, and evaporation of the hydrolyzate
to dryness. Thus, 800 kg of a crushed mixture
containing 30 percent fish and fishery offal
with 70 percent water, is heated and stirred
in a closed enameled boiler at a pressure
permitting a slow distillation of water.
After 10 minutes at 70 C, 250 g of enzyme and
1 g cysteine are added, the temperature is
raised in 15 minutes to 85 C, and the pressure
is adjusted so the water is distilled at a
rate of 1 to 2 liters per minute. When the
protein material is entirely dissolved, it
is heated at 105 C for 5 minutes to inactivate
the enzyme. It is then filtered, centrifugated,
and dried on rollers, giving 180 kg of a non-
hygroscopic powder, containing 2 percent
291
-------
Recycling
moisture and 2 percent lipid, easily soluble
in water. It contains 13.6 percent total
nitrogen, and 2.8 percent nitrogen of free
ammonia groups. (Text in French)
INT-0835
Osborne, F. Method of and apparatus for
processing molten slag and the like. Great
Britain 1,032,608; filed Apr. 11, 1963;
issued June 15, 1966.

A falling stream of molten slag is broken
into pellets by a stream of steam or air,
which propels them into an expansion
chamber. There, the pellets collide with
drops of atomized water, insufficient to
quench the slag to a point where it ceases
to be plastic, but which produces a controlled
expansion of the pellets. The pellets then
fall into the central area of a revolving
concave metal disk, and are caused to roll
on the disk surface toward the periphery.
This rolling tends to impart a generally
spherical shape to the pellets, whose texture
is smoothed and appears to become slightly
glazed. Heat is conducted from the pellets
through the disk by water sprays striking the
rear surface of the disk. The cooled pellets
are then discharged by gravity and centrifugal
force into a pit, where they do not fuse or
sinter together to any appreciable extent.
Each pellet is not precisely spherical, but
resembles gravel taken from riverbeds or gravel
deposits. The glazed surface of the slag
pellets makes them desirable for use as aggre-
gate in concrete blocks.
INT-0836
(Zavod 'Avtosteklo'). Glass based on metal-
lurgical slag. France 1,447,653; filed Sept.
22, 1965; issued June 20, 1966.

Prior art crystal glass based on metallurgical
slag showed a black or dark brown tint due to
ferrous sulfide or manganese sulfate, which
also limited the molding capacity of the glass.
Crystal glass with light tints (e.g. white or
light blue) is produced by introducing zinc
oxide and sodium fluorosilicate into the
charge. This results in the formation of zinc
sulfide in place of ferric sulfide and manga-
nese sulfate, whichjtogether with sodium
fluorosilicate, acts as a catalyst to lower the
the crystallization point. A molded glass
is cooled to 700 to 750 C, maintained at that
temperature for 30 to 60 minutes, then gradu-
ally heated over 3 hr to 950 to 1,000 C, at
which temperature it is held for 1 hr at most,
then cooled to ambient temperature. Thus,
from a mixture of 54 percent (by weight) slag,
33 percent sand, 11 percent sodium fluorosili-
cate, and 2 percent zinc oxide, a glass is
formed having: 57.3 percent silica; 6 percent
aluminum oxide; 0.2 percent ferric oxide; 26.1
percent calcium oxide; 0.8 percent magnesium
oxide; 1.1 percent manganese oxide; 2 percent
zinc oxide; 2.2 percent sodium oxide; 0.6
percent sulfur; and 3.7 percent iron, by
weight. {Text in French)
INT-0837
Motz, G., E. Schulze, H. Rau, K. Raschke,
W. Wille, and H. Schade. Covering material
from bitumen and filter ash. East Germany
49,235; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued July
20, 1966.

A covering material for roofs is prepared
by the addition of 0.36 part of electrofilter
ash, a waste product from power stations,
to 1 part of bitumen at 150 C, with stirring.
(Text in German)
INT-0838
Szewczyk, S., Z. Pliszynski, and W. Skawinski
(Zaklady Miesne Lublin). Silage for pig
breeding. Poland 51,418; filed Oct. 31, 1964;
issued July 20, 1966.

Slaughterhouse wastes, used for the production
of silage, are mixed with molasses (containing
a minimum of 50 percent sugar) in amounts of
10 percent. The mixture is kneaded in a pit,
and after 4 to 6 weeks, given to pigs. The
silage may be stored for a long time. (Text
in Polish)
INT-0839
Sippel, A., and P. Vollmer (Deutsche Rhodiaceta
A.G.). Recovery of fibrous and filament wastes
from fusible polymers. Germany 1,221,440;
filed Dec. 2, 1958; issued July 21, 1966.

Shredded or torn fibrous waste from condensed
polyhexamethyleneadipamide is carried counter-
292
-------
0835-0842
currently above a 330 F superheated steam
stream. The melted mass formed is drained
underneath, and immediately formed into endless
bands. The material obtained for melting shows
no discoloration. The substance has a dry
point of 72, and a relative viscosity of 37,
as compared with the melting material with a
dry point of 82 and a relative viscosity of 48.
The relative viscosity is a ratio of the vis-
cosity of an 8.4-percent solution of the
polyhexamethyleneadipamide in 90 percent formic
acid, Co the viscosity of 90 percent formic
acid. Similar results are obtained with
polycaprolactam, polyurethane, polyethylene
terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene,
and polybutylene. (Text in German)
INT-0840
Borisov, S. M., B. P. Velichko, N. V.
Didrikh, S. P. Kosarev, A. N. Tatakin,
V. G. Raskatov, and A. Y. Tayts (All-Union
Scientific-Research and Planning Institute
of the Aluminum, Magnesium and Electrode
Industry). Salt bath for melting of
magnesium wastes and scrap. U.S.S.R.
185,061; filed Feb. 25, 1965; issued July
30, 1966.

A salt bath furnace, which is heated by the
passage of electric current through the
molten salt, is used for remelting magaesium
wastes and scrap. A basket containing the
wastes is loaded into the salt bath through
an unsealed top-loading hatch by the use of
an overhead crane. To reduce health hazards
to operating personnel, the design incorporates
a gas seal consisting of a self-propelled
platform travelling on the level of the load-
ing hatch of the furnace. The platform includes:
a drive for raising and lowering the charge
basket; a movable inner bonnet; a fixed outer
bonnet acting as a heat shield; and a fan. As
the charge basket is being lowered, the inner
bonnet descends with it until its bottom edge
seats on the sand seal, thereby closing the
loading hatch and sealing off the working
space of the salt bath furnace. Lowering of
the basket continues until the charge is com-
pletely immersed in the molten salt. Most
gases liberated in the operation are drawn
off through wall openings which ring the
throat of the furnace, into the furnace flue.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0841
Grondstof, N, V. E. Recovery of waterproof
waste paper. Netherlands 6,502,643; filed
Mar. 2, 1965; issued Sept. 5, 1966.

Waterproof wastepaper impregnated with urea-
or melamine-formaldehyde resins is treated
by acid hydrolysis with o-sulfanilic acid.
The acid is not corrosive, hence corrosion
inhibitors need not be added. In this process,
10 kg crude sulfanilic acid is dissolved in
1,500 liters water, 1,350 kg urea-formaldehyde
resin-impregnated paper labels are put into
the solution, another 1,500 liters water are
added, and the mass is hydrolyzed for 1.5 hr
at 120 to 130 C. A paper free of spots can
be made from the hydrolyzed paper. Phototype
paper can be treated similarly. (Text in
Dutch)
INT-0842
Leroy, J. Agglomerate of sawdust and
products obtained from it. France 1,453,809;
filed Apr. 27, 1964; issued Aug. 22, 1966.

A mixture of 100 g sieved sawdust and 50 g
clay (preferably kaolin) was stirred for
15 to 20 minutes in a blender with 150 ml
of a 38 C Baume sodium silicate solution.
Silica (20 g) and sodium silicate powder
(20 g) could be added to decrease shrinking
during drying, and to obtain a very fine grain.
The resulting mass was introduced into molds
and pressed to produce tubes or special
shapes. The objects removed from the molds
were slowly dried at room temperature for
3 to 6 days. Shrinking was less than 40 mm
per m. The objects were painted, varnished,
or coated, preferably with polyester. Saw-
dust of different kinds and different grain
could be mixed in the same blend. The
293
-------
Recycling
agglomerate is light (density of 1.3), ther-
mally insulating, and incombustible; it
is proposed as a substitute for wood, e.g.
in parts of furniture, toys, and handles for
pans. (Text in French)
INT-0843
Schueler, G. B. E. Improvements in or
relating to the utilisation of natural
fibrous materials. Great Britain 1,046,246;
filed May 29, 1962; issued Oct. 19, 1966.

Natural fibrous materials such as wood
waste can be used in the manufacture of
particleboard or molded articles of a sub-
stantially rigid nature. Five parts by
weight of chlorinated polyphenyl are prepared
in an emulsion, and to this are added 150
parts styrene-butadiene latex with a solids
content of 25 percent. This mixture is
added to 400 parts wood waste which has
been ground into particles, and then mixed
for 15 minutes in a rotary mixer. Then, 9
parts urea-formaldehyde hardener is added to
the mix, followed by 30 parts urea-
formaldehyde resin, both in powdered form.
Fibrous molding material is also produced
from wood waste and various resins. Novalak
(17 parts), coumarone resin (5 parts), and
bitumen emulsion (1 part), are prepared
as a suspension in water with a wetting
agent (1 part), and added to preground 5-mesh
wood waste (75 parts) in a rotary-blade
mixer. Water (35 parts) is added to 100
parts of the dry resin-wood mix during
mixing. The final mix is then dried to less
than 5 percent moisture content, ground, and
molded at 120 to 180 C and 2.5 tons per sq
in. pressure into dimensionally stable and
waterproof articles, such as window frames.
INT-0844
Biryukova, L. V., R. A. Sandier, and V. V.
Sergeyev. Method of reprocessing wastes
of titanium and its alloys. U.S.S.R.
188,674; filed Mar. 4, 1958; issued Nov. 1,
1966.

Wastes, such as sponge, shavings, or powder,
of titanium and/or titanium-base alloys are
mixed with solid chlorides of an alkali or
alkali earth metal. This charge is chlorina-
ted with titanium tetrachloride at a tempera-
ture between 600 and 650 C. The molten complex
salts of bi- and trivalent titanium are then
heated to a temperature between 750 and 800 C,
and kept in contact with the unreacted residual
charge for 2 to 3 hr. They are then poured
through a stainless-steel sieve into a reactor
for reduction of the titanium di- and trichlo-
rides to metallic titanium with magnesium or
with sodium. Metallic titanium is separated
from the product of magnesiothermal reduction
by a combined method, and from that of the
sodiothermal reduction by a hydrometallurgical
one. (Text in Russian)
INT-0845
(E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company).
Use of polyethylene terephthalate waste.
Netherlands 6,606,342; filed May 10, 1965;
issued Nov. 11, 1966.
21
If solid polyester waste is reused, it has
to be pretreated to prevent hydrolytic and
oxidative breakdown and a decrease in
intrinsic viscosity due to adsorbed water
in the extruder. Up to 60 percent solid
polyester waste can be added directly and
294
-------
0843-0849
continuously to fresh material, if part
of the extruder material is fed back into
the extruder through an oxygen-free
atmosphere. If the intrinsic viscosity of
the product is lower than that of the fresh
material, the polyester is kept circulating
through the extruder until no difference
in viscosity is observed. Thus, polyethylene
terephthalate is fed into an extruder
directly from the last polymerization
vessel. At 280 C the material is
circulated through an extruder for 15
minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at a
rate of 90 kg per hr; simultaneously, the
addition of liquid from the vessel is
stopped slowly, and 45 kg of the product
per hr is fed back into the extruder. After
1 hr at 280 C, the intrinsic viscosity
of the product from the extruder is 0.53.
(Text in Dutch)

INT-0846
Anikeyev, K. M., A. K. Bayev, I. D.
Zobolotskiy, and A. Y. Kipnis. Method of
reprocessing products containing
nickel, cobalt, and iron. U.S.S.R. 189,144;
filed June 22, 1964; issued Nov. 17, 1966.

An amount of sulfur is added to the charge
of the original product in sufficient
quantity to bind the amount of cobalt
present in the form of cobalt sulfide. The
modified product is carbonylized with
carbon monoxide containing about 0.2 to
0.3 percent oxygen. Up to between 96 and
99 percent of the nickel and iron present
in the product pass into the gaseous phase, while
between 95 and 99 percent of the cobalt remains
in the solid residue. The solid residue is
roasted and reduced a second time, and,
finally, treated with carbon monoxide. In
the case that nickel, iron, and cobalt are
present in the original product in metallic
form, the roasting and reducing treatments
are not prerequisite. If the material
contains copper, the amount of sulfur in
the charge to be carbonylized with carbon
monoxide should be not less than one-half
the amount of copper. (Text in Russian)
INT-0847
Tubis, R., and M. Wilgocki (Huta Szkla
Technicznego). A solid fuel from solid
and liquid organic wastes, especially from
phenolic wastes and coal tar. Poland
52,173; filed Aug. 17, 1965; issued Dec.
15, 1966.

Phenolic wastes and coal tar obtained as
waste products in gas generators can be
absorbed at a temperature of over 100 C on
fine brown coal used in the ratio from 1
to 2, to 1 to 4. The fuel obtained is
plastic, and its heating value is higher by
30 percent than that of brown coal. A device
for the process is diagrammed. (Text in
Polish)
INT-0848
Fischer, S., and H. J. Krausse. Liquid
protein feed from leather scraps and other
industrial wastes. East Germany 53,549;
filed May 12, 1965; issued Jan. 20, 1967.

Hairy leather scraps are dehaired
chemically. The dehaired scraps and lime-
treated leather scraps are thoroughly
washed mechanically. Mechanically treated
leather scraps, that were not limed, are
not sprayed. The total scraps are
disintegrated by a machine to particles
capable of being pumped. Fish and fish
byproducts are likewise ground to a
pumpable mass. The shredded leather
scraps, that may contain anthrax spores,
are sterilized for at least 30 minutes at
130 C. Some of the other raw materials,
e.g., fish wastes and blood for feed use,
are heated to only 100 C for 20 to 40
minutes. Beer yeast and antibiotic
mycelium require no heat treatment. The
sterilization is performed in a directly
heated autoclave that also dehydrates
the material. The raw materials are kept
in separate containers, and those that
require heat treatment are separately
introduced into the autoclave by vacuum
through pipes. The fat and oils can be
separated by draining. The sterilized
materials are conveyed to a feed mixer in
a separate conduit. All portions of the
fluid protein feed materials are mixed, and
sulfuric acid is added to reduce the pH to
3.5. (Text in German)

IIMT-0849
(Ultrex-Chemie G.m.b.H.). Continuous
regeneration of vulcanized scrap rubber
particles. Netherlands 6,609,488; filed
July 6, 1966; issued Jan. 23. 1967.

A device and process are provided to
subject scrap rubber particles, mixed
295
-------
Recycling
with additives, to heat and to centrifugal
force in order to obtain regenerated rubber.
Thus, 100 parts rubber scrap from vulcanized
rubber mixtures is reduced to particles
of 0.4 to 0.6 mm; 2 to 3 parts zinc
pentachlorothionate, 3 to 4 parts
softener, 3 to 4 parts pine wood tar, and
20 parts regeneration oil is added. The
composition is miKed, and the mixture kept
until regeneration is complete. Then it is
subjected to a continuous mechanical action
at a peripheral velocity of 100 to 150 kg
per hr, and a capacity of 20 to 25 kw. A
similar process was carried out with scrap
rubber and buna-S, but with the introduction
of steam at 120 to 130 C during the
mechanical treatment, and also with
scrap of synthetic rubber. Homogeneous
well-plasticized regenerates were obtained
with good mechanical properties and good
processibility. (Text in Dutch)
12435
S 7 7' 7'
10 tO' 20 79 K
INT-0850
Kobayashi, K. Garbage treatment and
charcoal manufacturing machine. Japan
42-4,070; filed May 28, 1959; issued Feb.
20, 1967.

A machine to manufacture charcoal consists
of an upwardly inclined belt for garbage
transport; a rotating, horizontal screen
which receives the garbage from the belt;
an iron scrap recovery device; below, a
downwardly inclined vibrating shifter
which separates the inflammable, light
scrap from the inflammable, heavy scrap; a
belt leading downward from the horizontal
screen to the vibrating shifter; and a
blower which draws in the flammable light
scrap. The first heating furnace heats
inflammable scrap for the first time. The
first and second crushers follow. A molder
and compressor unit compresses and
dehydrates the crushed scrap while it is
heated in the second heating furnace. The
final product is molded charcoal. The heat
in the second heating furnace should be
sufficient to plasticize the lignin in the
scrap. Drilling bars can be installed in
the molder to mold the briquette into a
form that it is easy to ignite and burn.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0851
Pav, J., V. Hnetkovsky, K. Drda, and Z.
Libnar. Method and apparatus for loosening
the fibers of waste. Canada 756,346;
filed Oct. 5, 1964; issued Apr. 11, 1967.

This method of loosening fibers of waste
paper comprises mixing waste paper and
water and subjecting the mixture to a
coarse pulping operation. The pulp thus
obtained is thickened, and subsequently
fed into a storage tank. There it is
subjected to swelling and hydration. The
pulp is discharged from the tank as it is
diluted to a smaller density. The
diluted pulp is then subject to mechanical
vibrations at high frequencies for loosening
the fibers. Finally, the pulp is screened.
The apparatus includes a chamber and a
nozzle with an outlet communicating with
the interior of the chamber for directing
a pressurized stream of pulp into the
chamber. A vibrator is axially aligned
with the nozzle adjacent to the outlet end
and it vibrates at high frequency to
subject the stream to mechanical vibrations
0"
INT-0852
Belen'kiy, S. I., N. S. Maksimenko, B. A.
Glazman, T. V. Per'kova, and A. G. Savinykh
(All-'Union Scientific Research Institute
of Biosynthesis of Albumins). Method of
percolation hydrolysis of wood wastes.
U.S.S.R. 195,310; filed Sept. 1, 1965;
issued Apr. 12, 1967.

The proposed method is a modified version
of an existing method of percolation
296
-------
0850-0854
hydrolysis of wood-processing wastes and
agricultural wastes by exposing them to the
action of a boiling acid introduced at various
rates into the reactor. The boiling acid is
introduced, first at a volume rate of flow
between 8 and 15 cu m per hr, and then at a
rate between 15 and 35 cu m per hr. The
usual total duration of the reaction is
practically unaffected by the proposed
modification, whereas the yield of sugar
from the wastes as well as the biological
quality of the obtained solutions is
substantially raised. (Text in Russian)

INT-0853
Matteini, S. A process for the treatment
of municipal refuse. Great Britain
1,066,166; filed Aug. 10, 1965; issued Apr.
19, 1967.

A process for the treatment of municipal
refuse comprises screening the refuse to
separate out small-sized, readily-fermentable,
entirely organic material; larger-sized,
partially organic material that is capable
of enough fermentation to produce the
disintegration of the material; and
substantially nonfermentable material.
The incinerated material is separated into
component portions, including ferrous
residues, nonmagnetic nonash residues, and
ashes capable of being introduced into a
fermented material for the production of a
fertilizer. The small-sized material is
fermented, and the larger-sized material,
after partial fermentation, is recycled to
INT-0854
Van Riper, A. H. Method and apparatus for
reprocessing plastic waste material.
Great Britain 1,066,379; filed July 31,
1964; issued Apr. 26, 1967.

Two or more selvage bands are trimmed off
the plastic sheet material emerging from
the screening step. The steps of screening
the refuse and effecting fermentation are
carried out in a closed, externally-operated
plant. (See also Great Britain 1,128,083 and
1,154,157 and Canada 801,439)
297
-------
Recycling
an apparatus usually used for making plastic
sheet goods. The bands are formed into an
integrated strip, which passes through a
pair of crimping gears to yield a unitary,
corrugated ribbon. This is fed through a
cutter which reduces the ribbon to a number
of pellet-sized segments of uniform size
and shape, substantially the same as that
of the new pellets used in the sheet-molding
apparatus. The segments are directed
through a funnel which communicates with
the main pellet supply tube, so the
recovery process operates simultaneously
with the sheetmaking procedure.
INT-0855
(Ferentzi and Kessler). Recovery of wool.
Germany 1,240,621; filed Oct. 24, 1963;
issued May 18, 1967.

The recovery of wool from raw pelt waste,
and especially raw lamb and sheepskin waste,
comprises: softening the waste material
in water until the skin is in a similar
condition when it is removed from the
animal; spreading out the waste.material;
and spraying it with water to prevent
it from drying out. Flies lay their eggs
on this waste, and the skin is consumed
by their maggots, thus leaving the
wool. (Text in German)
INT-0856
Krasbuchenka, L. V., N. I. Cherkesov, and
M. G. Ross (Institute of Agricultural
Machine Construction). Method of processing
wastes of ferrous and nonferrous metals
and of their alloys. U.S.S.R. 197,644;
filed Oct. 29, 1966; issued June 9, 1967.

To obtain metal powders with superior
mechanical properties, it is proposed that
the original wastes be treated with a
solution of caustic soda and sodium
carbonate, and then reduced with solid
carbon at a temperature between 930 and
950 C. The product of reduction, a spongy
mass of metallic particles and abrasive
grains, is ground to a fine powder, from
which the metal powder is removed by
subjecting the mixture to magnetic
separation. The alloy-steel powder
obtained by this method can be used to
produce, by powder-metallurgical methods,
various structural and antifrictional
parts with superior mechanical properties.
(Text in Russian)
INT-0857
Olesov, Y. G. , A. B. Suchkov, and A. N.
Rubtsov (Dnieper Titanium-Magnesium Plant).
Method of preparation of anode material
from wastes of high-melting metals and
their alloys for electrolytic refining.
U.S.S.R. 200,765; filed Dec. 7, 1964; issued
Aug. 15, 1967.

Wastes such as sponge, cuttings,
shavings; and the like are placed in a
container and annealed in a vacuum or in
an inert-gas atmosphere, at a temperature
between 800 and 1,000 C for 2 to 6 hr,
depending upon the fineness of the material
and the thickness of the surface film.
During this treatment, oxygen, nitrogen, and
hydrogen, present in the surface film in
the form of titanium compounds, diffuse
into and become uniformly distributed
throughout the interior of the waste-metal
pieces, while the surface film gradually
disappears. In the subsequent electrolytic
refining process, the absence of the
surface film permits a lower anode
polarization, resulting in lower impurity
contents in the product, as well as in a
lower specific energy expenditure. (Text
in Russian)
INT-0858
Bulmer, L. New or improved concrete and
a process for the manufacture thereof.
Great Britain 1,080,004; filed Nov. 17,
1964; issued Aug. 23, 1967.

A homogeneous mixture of fly ash (or gravel),
cement, and sand is wetted, agitated,
allowed to partially dry, and broken into
irregular pieces. The conglomerate is
then placed to the desired depth (as on a
roadway), or into molds, rolled or tamped,
and levelled, resulting in a homogeneous
honeycombed concrete. The addition of
potash, soda, or other alkali would improve
the waterproof and crackproof properties
of the concrete. A typical example of the
constituents of the mixture would be 85
percent lagoon ash, 7.5 percent alkali, and
7.5 percent sand. Synthetic resin and/or
lime may be added to the mixture.
INT-0859
Henrion, A. Construction blocks from
garbage. France 1,501,664; filed Dec. 3,
1965, issued Oct. 2, 1967.

Domestic garbage is ground and mixed with
metallic slag, cement, calcium chloride,
298
-------
0855-0862
ferric sulfate, and water to yield an
agglomerate suitable for the fabrication
of construction blocks. Thus, an
agglomerate containing approximately 425
liters ground garbage, 6.75 liters of slag,
320 liters of cement, 10 kg calcium
chloride, 1,250 kg ferric sulfate, and
water, yields concrete blocks with a
density of 1,600 kg per cu m, and a 28-day
compression strength of 30 to 50 kg per
sq cm. The blocks show no sign of
molding, have remarkable properties of
acoustical and thermal insulation, and
can be sawed like wood. (Text in French)
INT-0860
Jensen, R. F., and P. E. Phillips (Armco
Steel Corporation). Preheating scrap with
controlled oxidation. Canada 772,561;
filed Nov. 2, 1965; issued Nov. 28, 1967.

A process of preheating scrap metal for
use in electric furnaces, basic oxygen
furnaces, and the like includes charging
the scrap into a refractory lined vessel
and heating it by means of flames from
burners extending through a refractory-
lined top closure of the vessel. Orifices
in the bottom area of the vessel ensure
positive pressure so that the hot products
of combustion will pass downward through the
scrap and out the orifices. Oxidation of
the scrap is controlled by employing air
in quantities less than stoichiomecric
proportions, recirculating the exhaust
gases, or placing a layer of coal or other
solid fuel at or near the top of the scrap
mass. The heated scrap is discharged
directly into a furnace of the type
previously mentioned.
INT-0861
Meloyan, R. G., M. V. Darbinyan, and E. V.
Lebed (Ural Scientific-Research and
Planning Institute of the Copper Industry
and the Erevan State University). Method
of reprocessing of slags. U.S.S.R. 206,082;
filed Aug. 1, 1966; issued Dec. 2, 1967.

Cooled slag is pulverized to minus 80 to
100 mesh and mixed with 80 to 90 percent
of calcined soda and 7 to 8 percent of
carbon, by weight. The charge is
thoroughly mixed and reduced in a tubular
furnace at 850 to 1,000 C for 2.5 to 3 hr.
Iron silicates and oxidized copper
compounds are reduced while zinc and other
volatile metals are sublimated. The
resulting agglomerate is wetground in a
ball mill. The sediment is separated from
water-soluble silicates by decanting
and rinsing, and its ferrous fraction is
removed by wet magnetic separation. The
ferrous sediment is washed with a weak
solution of hydrochloric acid and dried at
100 to 150 C. The magnetic fraction
containing a large share of the iron
oxides is additionally reduced by hydrogen
at 700 to 750 C to obtain a commercial
iron-copper alloy with 90 to 95 percent
iron and 1 to 4 percent copper. Frow the
nonmagnetic fraction, copper and noble
metals are recovered by existing methods,
in which iron powder is produced as a
by-product used in the manufacture
of metalloceramic products. (Text in
Russian)
INT-0862
Jones, J. C., and J. N. Firth (Midland
Silicones Limited). Treatment of fly ash.
Great Britain 1,093,896; filed May 3, 1966;
issued Dec. 6, 1967.

This process renders fly ash hydrophobic
through treatment with an organosilicon
compound. Any of the wide variety of
monomeric or polymeric organosilicon
materials, such as the organosilanes, the
organopolysiloxanes, and silazanes, are
suitable for imparting water repellency
to the fly ash particles. A particularly
acceptable source for the organosilicon
compounds comprises the material
299
-------
Recycling
obtained as a by-product of the direct
process reaction for making chlorosilanes,
wherein an alkyl chloride is reacted with
silicon. These by-products constitute a
mixture of distillable organosilicon
compounds of many different structures
and types, including halosilanes, silcarbanes,
polysiloxanes, and polysilanes. Any
number of possible techniques may be
employed to place the pulverized fuel ash
in contact with the compound. It may be
applied as a solution, or,through the use
of a fluidized bed, as a vapor. The
solution should contain from 0.1 to 5
percent by weight of the compound. As a
vapor, an exposure time of several seconds
to several minutes is adequate. The treated
ash is suitable for use in the preparation
of building materials such as water repellent
cement or concrete.
INT-0863
Rudolf, F., and M. Laufer (Vereinigung
Volkseigener Betriebe Beton). Process for
the production of steam hardened cemented
products from waste products of the soda
industry. Great Britain 1,099,773; filed
Mar. 26, 1965; issued Jan. 17, 1968.

This process is for the manufacture of
steam-hardened, cemented products utilizing
mixtures of waste products of the soda
industry. These products are the lime
granules or nonslakable constituents
which occur in the slaking of burnt lime.
These contain calcium carbonate, 'free lime,'
di" and tri-calcium silicates and
aluminates, and the solid constituents
from the distillation sludge from the soda
industry, which also contains calcium
carbonate and 'free lime', and from which
calcium chloride has been removed. This
process consists of working the waste
products with a material of high silicic
acid content and with water, and casting and
subsequently steam-hardening the mixture
in molds, autoclaves, or similar devices.
INT-0864
Holden, H., and M. Leedham (British Copper
Refiners Limited). Improvements in or
relating to the treatment of scrap copper.
Great Britain 1,100,858; filed Jan. 13,
1967; issued Jan. 24, 1968.

When scrap copper is recovered in a
refining furnace, the patina that often
covers it gives off noxious odors and
gasses such as hydrogen chloride and
sulphurous gasses. If the wire is chopped
to small pieces before refining, the
patina can be removed mechanically. Solid,
brittle inorganic compounds, such as the
mineral-insulating material used in some
cables, can be similarly disposed. The
chopper should be equipped with a dust
extractor.
INT-0865
Ashworth, D. R. (British Glues and Chemicals
Limited). Degreasing animal bones and
other animal by-products. Canada 777,167;
filed May 30, 1966; issued Jan. 30, 1968.

A simplified method of degreasing animal
bones and other animal by-products produces
a bone which is sufficiently fat-free
to be used for glue or gelatine, for
animal feed, or as a fertilizer and a
salable fat product. The broken material
is heated, with or without additional
water, to a temperature not higher than
100 C. The heated material is passed
through a continuous centrifuge from which
the treated material can be removed
continuously. Defatted, protein-containing
material is separated from a mixture of
fat and water, from which the fat may be
separated by conventional means.
INT-0866
Kaganskiy, I. M., M. P. Mazhara, V. V.
Kharlamov, and S. A. Sapotnitskiy
(Northern-Donets Branch of the State
Scientific-Research and Development
Institute of the Nitrogen Industry and of
Products of Organic Synthesis). Method of
production of nitrogen from wastes of the
cellulose industry. U.S.S.R. 213,902;
filed Jan. 25, 1966; issued Mar. 20, 1968.

Sulfite liquor, a waste product of the
cellulose industry, is first ammoniated,
then oxidized in the presency of excess
ammonia and catalysts such as iron oxide.
This is followed by neutralization of the
residual ammonia by acids to a pH value
of 7 to 9. For example, sulfite liquor
saturated with ammonia gas and preheated
to 150 C is fed to a reactor filled with
excess ammonia and air at a pressure of
10 atm, and containing 0.1 percent iron
oxide. After a 3-hr reaction, the mixture
is cooled, decompressed to atmospheric
pressure, and neutralized to pH 7 with
phosphoric acid. The solution is then
concentrated by evaporation and dried in
an atomizer. The complex organomineral
fertilizer contains more than 22 percent
300
-------
0863-6870
of total nitrogen, 70 percent of which
is slowly assimilable. (Text in Russian)
INT-0867
Marks, R. H. Method of waste fiber
utilization. Great Britain 1,107,394; filed
May 24, 1965; issued Mar. 27, 1968.

This method of knitting a yarn formed of
substandard fibers comprises feeding the
yarn and a strip material to a knitting
machine, and guiding the strip and yarn in
contiguous relationship to the needles of
the machine. This positions a portion of
the strip between the needles and the yarn.
Thus the engagement and pulling of the
needles deforms the strip into at least
partial engagement with the yarn, to form
a core yarn during the knitting operation.
The term 'substandard fibers' means fibers
which in the past have not been readily
used in normal production of a fabric by
knitting.
arising during the molding process escape via
these channels.
INT-0868
Winsnes, P. 0. Arrangement for the
production of moulded objects of fibre
material, wood chips or sawdust. Great
Britain 1,108,998; filed Nov. 25, 1965;
issued Apr. 10, 1968.

The proposed arrangement provides a simple
means for the escape of steam and/or
gas from the mold assembly during compression
and heating in the molding operation. Molding
material is forced from below into the mold
by a piston fitted into a cylinder which
contains a predetermined amount of material.
Heating is provided by an electrical element
wound around the mold. A central mandrel,
having a channeled conical end, is affixed
to the compression piston and fits into a
conical end recess of a central core tube in
the mold when the piston is introduced. Vapors
"Tt--"-n
o
t*gj
INT-0869
Pietraszkieaicz, Z., S. Neubart, J. Kubiak,
and H. Piasecki (Lodzkie Przedsiebiorstwo
Surowcow Wtornych). Board from bituminized
paper waste. Poland 55,177; filed July
28, 1966; issued Apr. 12, 1968.

Bituminous paper waste (1 part) is
comminuted with 0.5 to 1.5 parts of wood
chips in the presence of water to obtain a
homogenous suspension. Excess water is
removed, and the pulp is pressed for at least
10 minutes under a pressure of 12 to 60 kg
per sq cm at 150 to 200 C. Physical and
chemical processes which accompany such
treatment; involving the formation of
phenol-formaldehyde resins, convert the
pulp into a uniform web, which is resistant
to water and has considerable mechanical
strength. The board may be used as
insulating material, especially in the
building •• • • - in Polish)

INT-0870
Bauer, E., and W. Auhorn (Badische
Anilin- and Soda-Fabrik A. G.). Improved
papers having high mechanical strength and
their production. Great Britain 1,110,004;
filed July 27, 1965; issued Apr. 18, 1968.

Papers are prepared with the usual
papermaking apparatus, but have 15 to 25
301
-------
Recycling
percent greater strength than paper prepared
without the addition of polyethylenimine.
The paper is useful for preparing corrugated
cardboard, punchcards for data processing,
and other papers which are subjected to high
mechanical stress. Degraded cornstarch
(2 percent), CM-cellulose; (0.5 percent), and
polyethylenimine (viscosity in 1 percent
solution at 20 C of 5 centipoises) (0.1
percent), all in an aqueous solution of 0.5
percent, were added in the beater to a
suspension (5 percent solids content) of
fibrous material comprising waste corrugated
board (60 percent), mixed wastepaper (25
percent), and periodicals (15 percent). The
mixture was made into a paper having density
of 140 g per sq m, and a Concora Medium
Text (CMT) value of 2.2. A paper prepared
without polyethylenimine had a CMT value
which was 25 percent lower, and it had
corresponding decreases in tensile strength,
bursting strength, and folding endurance.
The solids content of the water in the wire
section was approximately 60 percent higher
and the maximum approximate speed for
equally good sheet formation was
approximately 10 percent slower without
polyethylenimine in the fibrous material.
INT-0872
Von der Ohe, E. Method and equipment for
maceration of raw and semi-finished
materials, particularly of waste paper for
the manufacture of paper, paperboards and
similar products. Switzerland 457,122;
filed Oct. 10, 1966; issued May 31, 1968.

Fibrous organic materials such as wastepaper
are macerated to form a liquid pulp. The
INT-0871
Goeser, P. A. (Draiswerke G.m.b.H.). Waste
synthetic plastic material. Germany
1,268,813; filed Apr. 15, 1961; issued
May 22, 1968.

A machine renders waste synthetic plastic
material suitable for reuse. The machine
comprises a mixing trough or drum for the
material and mixing tools for causing
frictional heating of the material. A
comminuter for the material is mounted on
the machine ahead of the mixing tools
with respect to the feeding of the material
to the machine. The mixing trough or drum
may have opposite end walls rotatably
supporting a mixing tool shaft between
them. The comminuter may include at least
one cutting blade mounted on the mixing
tool shaft near one of the end walls,
which can rotate with the shaft. (Text
in German)
raw material is introduced into a wet-
processing vat in which liquid is maintained
in laminar flow by the use of a low velocity
pressure and surface pressure. A rotor with
longitudinal vortex segments receives the
material and sets of angular knives move
back and forth through a guide. The material
is continuously fed, macerated, cleansed,
and finely ground in a vortex zone, lying
parallel to the axis of rotation, in order
to be suspended in the surrounding
vortex-free liquid. The suspension reaches
the outlet after separation of its floating
and heavy constituents. (Text in German)
m 26"
-------
0872-0875
INT-0873
Thatcher, K. F. J. (Fisons Fertilizers
Limited). Treated slag and the process for
the production thereof. Great Britain
1,119,345; filed Jan. 5, 1966; issued July
10, 1968.

This process renders basic blast furnace
slag and steelmaking slag suitable for
commercial use. Once the slag has been
cooled by conventional means, it is crushed
into small particles, none larger than
0.5 mm in diameter, and none with a specific
surface area of less than 500 sq cm per g.
These small particles are treated with a
water-repellent substance which may be a
long-chain fatty acid, a water-insoluble
fatty acid salt, or a silicone. The acid
may be stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric
acid, or oleic acid; the salts may include
calcium, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc
stearates, calcium and zinc palmitates,
aluminum recinoleate, and aluminum oleate.
Alkyl silicones, such as methyltrichlorosilane,
may be used as the silicone. The slag may be
combined with small amounts of the water-
repellant substance in a number of ways. For
instance, the substance may be sprayed onto
the particles as a solution or as a suspension
in a volatile organic solvent, which is
subsequently evaporated off and recovered.
A fatty acid may be ground with the slag
at a temperature between 60 and 100 C.
The fatty acid salts are mixed with the slag
after being ground to a size having a
specific surface area of from 20,000 to
150,000 sq cm per g. Rotary mixers, screw
mixers, ribbon mixers, ball mills, and
tube mills are all suitable grinding
machines. Once the slag has been treated,
it can be used to protect underground
pipes, or blended with potassium chloride
for use as a fertilizer. The slag can be
stored outside in heaps and still remain
freeflowing because of its water-repellent
covering.
INT-0874
Berndt, W. (Deutsche Gold- und
Silber-Scheideanstalt). Method of waste
paper recovery. Switzerland 459,739; filed
June 30, 1965; issued July 15, 1968.

Wastepaper is de-inked by a bleaching
solution in the first stage of a process
based on the flotation principle. The
flotation agent contains, in addition to
sodium peroxide and water glass (or in
addition to sodium hydroxide), at least
one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The
amount of monocarboxylic acid added is
not sufficient to bind the sodium peroxide
or sodium hydroxide present. Particularly
effective is a mixture of: 55 percent
oleic acid, by weight; 23 percent ricinoleic
acid,9 percent stearic acid, 10 percent
palmitic acid; and 3 percent percent
abietic acid. (Text in German)
11 12
14 15
INT-0875
Ayers, J. R., H. J. Eklund, and E. D. Wood
(Beloit Corporation). Semi-wet waste paper
recovery system. Canada 790,321; filed
Aug. 12, 1966; issued July 23, 1968.

This machine converts wastepaper, including
high wet-strength wastepaper and like fibrous
materials, into paper stock for a pulp
digestor. The dry wastepaper is first shredded
into particulate size, then conveyed to a
cycloning device for fluffing the material.
A treating fluid consisting of water and/or
chemicals is added before the material enters
a defibering device to render the consistency
of the defibered material in the range of
30 to 70 percent. Air is removed from the
defibered, moistened material by a second
cycloning device. The material, which is
now stock, then enters a storage chamber.
From there it is conveyed to a compactor,
and then to a screw feeder, which sends it
to a heating chamber. The temperature of
the stock is raised above the melting
temperature of its contaminants. A
disperser receives the stock from the
heating chamber and disperses the
contaminants to microscopic size. The
303
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Recycling
dispersed stock is transported by a
feeding device to a digester.
IIMT-0876
Turulov, A. V., A. S. Sadykov, E. P.
Buzitskova, and A. I. Ismailov. Production
of edible acids. U.S.S.R. 227,960; filed
June 19, 1967; issued Oct. 8, 1968.

Food acids, such as citric and malic, are
obtained from cotton leaves and other
wastes from cotton gins by extraction. The
extract is removed and neutralized, and the
acids are separated as calcium salts. A
precipitate (oil cake) is separated from
the remaining extract and from the calcium
salts. From the preparation of nutrient
yeasts together with the food acids, as
well as for the more complete use of the
raw material, and to increase the yield of
yeasts, the precipitate undergoes
hydrolysis, followed by separation of the
hydrolyzate from the precipitate, as by
filtration. The hydrolyzate is mixed
with wash water and neutralized with
calcium hydroxide. The filtrate remaining
after the preparation of the acids is
added to the hydrolyzate. The required
mineral salts are then added to the
resulting mixture, which is used as
a culture medium for growing the nutrient
yeasts. (Text in Russian)
INT-0878
Ban, T. E. (McDowell-Wellman Engineering
Company). Recovery of steel and zinc from
waste materials. Canada 802,13A; filed
July 4, 1966; issued Dec. 24, 1968.

A process for recovering iron and zinc
from waste material containing ferric oxide
and zinc from steelmaking operations
involves mixing the waste material with
coal and limestone and adjusting the water
content of the resulting mixture to within
the range of 12 to 16 percent. The mixture
is then formed into green pellets. These
are carbonized so as to char-bond the
pellets, while simultaneously calcinating
the limestone and partially reducing the
ferric oxide. The char-bonded pellets
are fed to an electric-arc furnace and
subjected to ironmaking conditions. Zinc
is recovered as an overhead vapor, and iron
is recovered as a liquid.
INT-0877
Jantzen, L. (Aktieselskabet Christiania
Portland Cementfabrik). Proteinous cattle
food. Australia 287,740; filed Dec. 1,
1964; issued Dec. 16, 1968.

Proteins extracted from waste water are used
as an additive to cattle food. The waste
water may be: stickwater from the herring
oil industry or whale oil production;
potato juice from potato flour factories;
whey from dairies; blood and blood-containing
water from slaughterhouses; and water
expelled from cattle food silos. Proteins
are recovered from the waste water in the
form of lignoprotein by using sulfite waste
liquor or lignosulfonic acid as a
precipitating agent. The sulfite waste
liquor can be used without any prior
treatment, such as being drawn from
the digesters in the ordinary sulfite
cellulose cooking process. The lignoprotein
is used in a quantity so as to limit the
content of lignosulfonic acid to 3 percent
(by weight) of the cattle food.
INT-0879
(Strategic Patents Limited). Process for
the treatment of finely divided
metalliferous material. Great Britain
1,138,695; filed July 13, 1966; issued
Jan. 1, 1969.

A process is described for the treatment
and recovery of finely divided material
such as blast furnace and steel plant dust,
fumes,and mill scale. The waste material
is passed to a rotating kiln and mixed with
a carbonaceous reductant. A reducing
atmosphere is maintained within the kiln
within the range of 800 to 1,050 C. The
wall temperature of the kiln is maintained
at about 600 C. The material is recovered
in a nonoxidizing atmosphere after
discharge from the kiln. The material
discharged from the kiln may be briquetted
at a temperature of approximately 800 to
1,000 C.
304
-------
0876-0883
INT-0880
Sagi, G. S. Leather regenerating process.
Canada 803,418; filed Aug. 26, 1966; issued
Jan. 7, 1969.

This regeneration process begins with the
mechanical grinding, shredding, and tearing
of the leather material into a uniform
stock of small leather pieces. The stock
is treated with an alkaline substance to
bring the pH to between 7 and 12. A wet
sheet-forming process prepares the leather
for further treatment as rubber particles
are deposited on the surface of the stock.
This wet, weakly bound, reclaimed leather
sheet is pressed, dried, and then coated
with finishes. The whole process makes
it economically feasible for local
processors of leather waste to manufacture
good-quality leather from waste material.
INT-0881
Brill, H. C. (E. I. DuPont de Nemours and
Company). Paper manufacture from waste
paper. Canada 806,074; filed Apr. 6, 1966;
issued Feb. 11, 1969.

This process converts de-inked wastepaper
into quality paper which won't form scales
or specks due to the presence of
contaminating agents. The coagulation of
resinous adhesives is lessened, and a high
brightness pigitiented paper is the result.
Following the pulp preparation and the
addition of filler, the pulp,
consisting of about 99 percent water, flows
on an endless wire belt. The water is
removed by gravity and suction until
the paper is rolled; then the paper is
heated until it is dry. The coagulation
of resinous adhesives is reduced when
a fibrous pigmentary alkali metal titanate
is incorporated as an essential component
of the paper.
INT-0882
Harris, F. B. Instant carton pulp. France
1,559,917; filed Mar. 10, 1967; issued
Feb. 3, 1969.

Instant cardboard pulp, easy to store and
transport, is prepared by mixing milled
newspaper and magazine paper with starch
and molding plaster, and then compressing
this into solid blocks. Thus, a mixture
of 32 parts milled magazine paper, 148
parts waste newsprint, 100 parts degelatinized
starch, 5.5 parts sodium benzoate, 55 parts
molding plaster, and 25 parts perlite is com-
pressed at at least 7 kg per sq cm pressure to
solid blocks, which, on treatment with water,
are converted to workable plastic materials.
Other additives used are berated dextrin and
carboxymethylcellulose. (Text in French)
INT-0883
Ovchinkin, N. N., Y. M. Kislitsin, V. I.
Kozlov, T. F. Likhacheva, and T. A.
Kaygorodova (Chelyabinsk State Institute
of Planning of Metallurgical Plants).
Method of reprocessing of steel-smelting
slags. U.S.S.R. 237,668; filed Oct. 2,
1967; issued Feb. 12, 1969.

This method of reprocessing of steel-smelting
slags yields stable slag gravel which can
be used in the production of building
materials. This stability is attained by
increasing the intensity of the process of
dissociation of the silicates of the slag
by dumping the slag in a pit, coarsely crusting
it by any known method, recovering the large
metallic inclusions, and then keeping the slag
in the pit in a moist condition by periodic
watering for 3 to 5 days. At the end of this
period, the treated slag is charged into a drum
crusher and then into a magnetic separator, and
finally onto gravel grading screens. Several
slag treatment pits may be used to insure con-
tinuity of processing. While the slag is being
watered in one of the pits, it is being
coarsely crushed in another and is being charged
into a third. (Text in Russian)
305
-------
Recycling
INT-0884
Stewart, L. Distillation of zinc from zinc
scrap materials. Canada 812,720; filed Apr.
30, 1966; issued May 13, 1969.

This invention recovers high purity zinc from
drosses or ashes from baths of molten zinc
employed in galvanizing iron, or from other
zinc scrap materials. Rapid distillation occurs
at high temperatures which may be just above
the boiling point of zinc. A film of molten
impure zinc is projected onto a face of a
refractory distillation tube fast enough to
produce distillation. The zinc vapor is
placed in contact with molten pure zinc, where
it remains for a period of time. Any lead
present as a dilute solution in the original
zinc scrap is forced to condense, leaving a
high purity zinc.
INT-0885
Brophy, J. W. (Prenco Manufacturing Company).
Procedure for recovery of sulfuric acid
and iron an the form of oxide from a
residual aqueous cleaning liquid with a
sulfuric acid base containing iron sulfate
and free sulfuric acid. Switzerland
471,905; filed Mar. 7, 1967; issued June
13, 1969.

This procedure for recovery of sulfuric acid
and iron eliminates the water contained in the
cleaning liquid by evaporating it to a concen-
trate. The concentrate is atomized through
pyro-decornposition by being heated in an
INT-0886
Mahony, H. A. Apparatus and process for
high speed scrap smelting. Canada 815,463;
filed Feb. 1, 1966; issued June 17, 1969.
oxidizing atmosphere to approximately 1,650 C.
The sulfuric acid in the concentrate is
decomposed into sulfurous anhydride and water
vapor, and the ferrous sulfate of the concen-
trate is decomposed into gaseous sulfuric
anhydride, solid particles of iron oxide, and
water vapor. The sulfuric anhydride is
separated and made to react with the water
in order to form sulfuric acid. The procedure
thus permits the separation of the constituents
of the cleaning liquid, valuable chemical
components. (Text in French)
and then passed down an inclined stack, where
it is subjected to the heat of a gas stream
flowing the opposite direction. Treated scrap
falls to the furnace, which is maintained at
This smelting process provides molten metal
which preferably contains enough carbon to
produce a mild steel. Scrap is dusted with
an ore containing 50 percent or more of iron.
Dusted scrap is sprayed with an aqueous slurry,
306
-------
088A-0890
a temperature of from 3,200 to 3,500 F; in
the furnace, oxygen is applied to melt the
metal. Simultaneously, hydrocarbon gases
reduce any iron oxide that is present. Means
are available for separately removing the slag
and molten metal from the furnace. This
process, which rapidly smelts scrap, supplies
steel containing up to 1 percent carbon.
INT 0887
Richards, E. R. (Koppers Company, Inc.).
Method and apparatus for preheating scrap
metal. Canada 817,343; filed June 7, 1966;
issued July 8, 1969.

This device preheats the scrap metal charge
before it is inserted into the basic oxygen
furnace. Scrap metal includes the following:
scrap steel, alloys and ferroalloys, additives
such as lime and fluorspar, and fuels such as
coke. Scrap is removed from the usual storage
area and placed in a preheater. This pre-
heater is connected to an exhaust hood and a
combustion chamber. Heat enters the unit to
heat the scrap from the unit via the hood.
After a soaking period, the preheater is
transported to where the oxygen furnace is
located, and the preheated scrap is dumped.
Preheated scrap reduces the proportion of
molten pig iron which is required for each
heat of steel.
INT-0888
Hammerschmidt, P. Improvements in or
relating to processes of utilizing fish
flesh waste. Great Britain 1,157,517;
filed Sept. 30, 1966; issued July 9, 1969.

A process is described of utilizing fish flesh
waste obtained during the processing of frozen
fish flesh. This waste is substantially
comminuted mechanically without temperature
rise, so that the waste is converted into an
amorphous, homogeneous state, and liquid and
salt are added to this composition. The mix-
ture is then shaped into bodies appropriate
for final use, for example as patties, fillets
or pieces for frying. Milk may be used as the
liquid. The shaped bodies are subjected to a
preserving process such as freezing or
sterilization.
INT-0889
Kondratyev, S. F., Y. I. Krasnikov, A. P.
Lebedeva, V. F. Semenov, V. Y. Masumyan,
and S. K. Potemkina (Scientific-Research
and Design-Technological Institute of City
Management and the D. K. Zabolotnyy
Institute of Microbiology and Virology).
Method of disinfection and conversion of
municipal domestic refuse into a fertilizer.
U.S.S.R. 238,562; filed Mar. 10, 1969;
issued July 17, 1969.

Fresh municipal refuse is delivered to the
refuse processing plant where mechanical
admixtures and secondary raw materials are
removed from the refuse. The refuse is then
conveyed to a receiving tank in the hydrolysis
shop, where it is charged into autoclaves,
acidified with sulfuric acid, and treated with
steam at 120 to 130 C at a pressure of 2 to
3 atm for 1^ hr. The resulting pulp is dis-
charged into vats for steeping, completion of
hydrolysis, clarification and subsequent
decantation. The decanted hydrolysate is sent
to the appropriate shop or plant- of the micro-
biological industry. The remaining sludge is
conveyed to an area for the production of
organic fertilizers. This hydrolytic method
more completely utilizes the complex organic
compounds found in refuse, such as albumens,
fats, Carbohydrates, and organic acids. Full
sterilization of the refuse is achieved in a
shorter processing time than with previous
methods. (See also U.S.S.R. 227,337) (Text
in Russian)
INT-0890
Hirano, K., G. Aramaki, and T. Sejima (Kyowa
Hakko Company), Method of manufacturing
organic chemical fertilizer. Japan
44-16,332; filed Jan. 11, 1965; issued
July 19, 1969.

Organic chemical fertilizer can be manufactured
from the waste fluid from fermentation. The
fermentation waste fluid is condensed to 40
to 50 percent solid content. A mineral acid,
such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or
phosphoric acid, is added to this fluid. The
temperature for the reaction should be less
307
-------
Recycling
than 200 C. A second reaction is induced when
alkali fertilizer and phosphoric acid ferti-
lizer, or phosphorus ore is added. Neutraliza-
tion with ammonia and drying follows. The
waste fluid from amino acid fertnentation>
alcohol fermentation, or organic acid fermen-
tation is recovered by the ion resin exchange
method, or by evaporation. If it is condensed
to 20 percent solid content, it loses its
viscosity and its practical value. The treated
fluid is low in viscosity and it can be con-
densed and dried quickly. The fertilizer
produced contains about 50 percent partially
oxidized acids and proteins. (Text in
Japanese)
Generally, an initial pressure of more than
1.58 kg per sq cm is used, and the firing
temperature is 1,000 to 1,350 C. A process
is envisaged in which material is fed from a
hopper into a press, from where moldings 3.17
to 76.2 mm across are ejected onto a moving
belt, taking them through the furnace. Thus,
an artificial gravel may be prepared from fly
ash with less than 10 percent water, and 2
percent starch, dextrin, or sewage. The green
moldings are fired at 1,150 to 1,350 C for at
least 2 minutes. When made up into blocks
with sand and cement, the artificial gravel
compared reasonably well with natural gravels
in similar blocks. (Text in French)
INT-0891
Trautvetter, R., and J. Schwinghammer.
Preparation of forest waste for construction
materials. East Germany 68,070; filed Sept.
22, 1967; issued July 20, 1969.

Forest wastes containing cellulosic materials
are composted to remove decaying elements,
and are then used as construction materials.
Thus, pine bark and needles containing 30
percent moisture are pulverized and screened
into 3 fractions of 3 to 7 mm, 7 to 20 mm,
and 20 to 200 mm. The fractions are composted
in piles 12m high and 12 m wide. After 8
months, the piles are taken up and neutralized.
The residue is used in insulating construction
materials. (Text in German)
INT-0892
Evans, W. D. Aggregate for concrete. France
1,581;089; filed July 17, 1968; issued Aug.
4, 1969.

Artificial aggregates are produced from cinders,
ash, or other such waste for use in cement
or concrete. Fine furnace ash is mixed with
0.5 to 10 percent water containing 0.2 to 2
percent organic binder, such as sewage, and
pressed at 0.79 to 15.75 kg per sq cm. The
green molding so obtained is fired at 900 to
1,500 C for at least 2 minutes, and a solid
product results from a reaction or sintering.
INT-0893
Wiesener, K., G. Angers, and K. Schwabe
(Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaftan zu
Berlin). Process and device for the
production of electrical energy from solid
and gaseous industrial waste products.
Great Britain 1,161,495; filed Sept. 6,
1966; issued Aug. 13, 1969.

Sulfur dioxide-containing waste gases are
supplied to the anode of the galvanic cell
for oxidation and/or nitrogen oxide-containing
waste gases are supplied to the cathode of
the galvanic cell for reduction. The chemical
energy of the process is converted into elec-
trical energy which is taken from the anode
and cathode of the galvanic cell. Scrap iron
may be used in the galvanic cell as the anode,
a porous carbon electrode as the cathode and
a magnesium chloride solution, which has been
obtained as a waste product, as the electro-
lyte. In this way, gaseous waste products
are used in an economic manner to produce
electrical energy.
*
A .
INT-0894
Mueller, F. Building materials from ashes.
East Germany 68,852; filed June 14, 1968;
issued Sept. 5, 1969.

For lightweight materials, 80 percent ashes,
slags, or any compound, is mixed with
308
-------
0891-0897
20 percent cement and made into a damp mortar
with a calcium chloride solution of density
1.08, saturated with hydrated lime to a pH of
11 to 12, and cast in molds. Addition of 15
to 20 g aqueous aluminum paste supplies ther-
mal insulating properties. For high early
strength, the cast building units may be
treated with saturated steam at 70 to 80 C.
They are dimensionally stable, fireproof, can
be sawed, drilled, or nailed, and their
strength gradually increases owing to pozzo-
lanic hardening. (Text in German)
INT-0895
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K.). Melting device
for the regeneration of iron scraps. Canada
823,127; filed Aug. 31, 1966; issued Sept. 16,
1969.

This melting device recovers scrap which may
be covered with moisture, oily matter such as
paint, machine oil and the like, rubber
synthetic resin, or nonferrous matter such
as aluminum, zinc and the like. An overhead
travelling crane lifts iron scrap blocks into
a trolley which is mounted on rails leading
to the preheating chamber. A preheating
casing, which is heated by the exhaust gases
from the melting furnace, receives the scrap.
The temperature in the casing can reach 600
to 800 C when the heating temperature in the
electric furnace is 1,600 C. The device can
prepare scrap for melting in order to economize
thermal energy and thereby lower operational
costs. i? 'a
U-r 1-
ZS 22 25
INT-0896
(Montecatini Edison S.p.A.). Utilization of
waste ferrous sulphate. Great Britain 1,165,056;
filed June 28, 1967; issued Sept. 24, 1969.

A process for utilizing waste ferrous sulfate
comprises dehydration of crude ferrous sulfate
to the monohydrate, decomposition of the mono-
hydrate by heating in a fluidized bed to yield
hematite ash and sulfurous gases, reduction
of the hematite ashes in a fluidized bed or
in a rotary furnace to magnetite or sponge
iron, and magnetic upgrading. The dehydration,
decomposition and/or air preheating stages are
almost identical, whether the reduction stage
is to be carried out to yield magnetite or
sponge iron. If sponge iron is produced, a
considerable amount of high-pressure steam is
recoverable. The magnetite concentrate ob-
tained can be pelletized at a temperature of
1,200 C. The resulting pellets can be fed to
a blast furnace. The sponge iron can be
briquetted and used for steel production in
an electric furnace. The sulfurous gases
produced can be catalytically converted into
sulfuric acid.
INT-0897
Gfeller, G. Method of transformation of
sawdust into a culture substrate by
fermentation. Switzerland 478,727; filed
Feb. 1, 1967; issued Sept. 30, 1969.

A universally applicable culture substrate
for growing plants is prepared by mixing
sawdust with 10 to 40 percent (preferably 25
percent) by volume of 'cotton dust', which is
a waste product of raw cotton processing. A
1 m thick layer of the mixture ferments for
6 to 8 weeks. The fermentation product is
hygienically unobjectionable and provides the
required humus in bacteriologically active
form. It is permeable to water and air, thus
providing a substrate well suited for develop-
ment of an extensive root system by cultivated
plants. In its original form, it makes a
good planting soil for growing seeds and
seedling transplants. When used as potting
soil, it is mixed with a fertilizer. (Text
in German)
309
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Recycling
INT-0898
McHenry, J. Pellet-hardening method. Great
Britain 1,165,897; filed Oct. 4, 1966;
issued Oct. 1, 1969.

Pellets produced from fine powders, such as
fly ash, are hardened in a kiln at 800 to
1,200 C with a binder such as tar or aqueous
solutions of sulfite, lyej or sugar. The resi-
dence time of the pellets in the kiln having
a new burner arrangement is 8 to 23 minutes.
The kiln has a length to diameter ratio of 5
to 1. The discharged product can be rapidly
cooled at the base of the stack where cold
air can be drawn over it. Fly ash pellets
containing 12 to 14 percent water and 1 to
1.5 percent calcium lignosulfate were calcined
for 20 minutes at 1,200 C in a kiln containing
2 to 3 percent carbon monoxide and rotating
at 1 rpm. The nonsintered pellets lost 20
percent of their weight by baking. Their
bulk density decreased from 60 Ib per cu ft
to 42 to 45 Ib per cu ft.
IIMT-0899
(Industrilaboratoriet Aktiebolag). Improve-
ments in or relating to the utilization of
tobacco waste. Great Britain 1,166,576; filed
Mar. 15, 1968; issued Oct. 8, 1969.

Tobacco which is disintegrated and treated
in a suitable way can be dissolved in water,
or a liquid principally comprising water,
to form an adhesive or a binder. Tobacco
waste, mixed with liquid, is subjected,
preferably in a closed container, to a mech-
anical treatment in the form of blows, pressure
or shock impulses of a high repetition frequency.
The weight proportions of tobacco to liquid
are preferably 1 to 3. The treatment is con-
tinued until water-soluble lumps are formed.
The water-soluble parts of these lumps are
subsequently dissolved in a liquid which
principally comprises water, and separated
from the principal portion of the tobacco
material which is insoluble in water. The
tobacco solution has a strongly adhesive or
binding effect, and it may be utilized in
several ways. The solution may, by means of
molding, casting, pressing, or extrusion, be
formed into one or several filamentary band-
shaped webs. The solution may be sprayed,
dropped, or poured onto uncut leaves to
strengthen the leaves and reduce the amount
of waste.
INT-0900
Ban, T. E. (McDowell-Wellman Engineering
Company). Method for making light-weight
aggregate from fly ash. Canada 826,172;
filed Apr. 28, 1967; issued Oct. 28, 1969.

This process transforms fly ash into a light-
weight aggregate material for use in concrete
310
-------
0898-0904
mixes, cinder blocks, etc. Fly ash, which
contains from about 5 percent to about 10
percent by weight of free carbon and at least
2 percent by weight of iron, is formed into
discrete green pellets. Gases dry the pellets
at a temperature of 550 to 900 F. The dried
pellets are burned at a temperature of 1,800
to 2,400 F, which yields gaseous carbon oxides
and a hardened product. This product is cooled,
either spontaneously or by forced air draft
cooling. The cooled product, in turn, is
crushed and heated at a temperature of 1,000
to 2,000 F. After a second cooling process
has been accomplished, the product is ready
for use as a lightweight components in concrete
aggregate compositions.
INT-0901
Coman, C. (Romania Institute for Drilling
and Extraction Research). Cement paste
with reduced specific gravity. Romania
52,051; filed Feb. 13, 1968; issued Nov. 6,
1969.

Cement pastes which have a specific gravity
of 1.2 to 1.35 kg per cu dm and are used for
water-tightening of oil wells to eliminate
drilling fluid losses are prepared by mixing
40 to 50 percent ash from thermal power stations
with cement. To keep the particles in suspen-
sion and to confer better rheological and
physicomechanical properties, 12 percent
hydrated tufa gel with a viscosity of 14 cp
was added. Thus, the hydrated tufa was prepared
by mixing, for 5 minutes, 10 percent tufa with
the corresponding amount of water needed for
the cement paste, and keeping the mixture at
rest for 8 hr at 25 C. To this was added the
remaining water and a mixture of 50 to 60
percent cement containing 40 to 50 percent
ash. After mixing 5 minutes, the paste can
be poured. (Text in Romanian)
INT-0902
Arentz, T., and E. Tonseth (Aktieselskapet
Apothekernes Laboratorium for Specialpraeparater).
Recovery of proteins from effluents. Norway
117,339; filed Mar. 10, 1966; issued Nov. 8, 1969.

Many industries have effluents with a high
protein content which is usable if an
extraction is possible. Extraction is done
by precipitation with surface-active agents
such as sulfonates or sulfates of fatty
alcohols or acids. In an example, 100 liters
of effluent from a slaughterhouse were adjusted
to pH 3.5 with sulfuric acid, and treated with
40 g of lauryl sulfate. Analysis of treated
and untreated effluent indicated a reduction
of proteins from 2,000 to 5 ppm, and a reduc-
tion of BOD from 1,850 to 120. (Text in
Norwegian)
INT-0903
Pielichowski, J. (Instytut Ciezkiej Syntezy
Organicznej). Vulcanization of waste
ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers.
Poland 58,306; filed Apr. 4, 1968; issued
Nov. 15, 1969.

The use of 0.5 part dicumyl peroxide per 100
parts waste rubber gave, after 0.5m vulcani-
zation at 160 C, rubber having good properties.
The elastomer was composed of 100 parts rubber,
50 parts carbon black, 2 parts sulfur, 5 parts
zinc oxide, 1 part stearin, 5 parts napthalene,
4 parts accelerator, and 0.5 parts dicumyl
peroxide. (Text in Polish)
INT-0904
(Houilleres Du Bassin Du Nord et Du
Pas-De-Calais). Improvements in or relating
to the manufacture of expanded nodules.
Great Britain 1,173,054; filed Apr. 14, 1967;
issued Dec. 3, 1969.

This process converts fly ash and roasted
floating shales into cellular nodules which
may be used for the production of light con-
crete. Either of the above waste products
can be blended into a mixture which is 5
percent slaked lime. This powder mixture
is granulated in the presence of water. The
granules, the cohesion of which is strengthened
by the silicocalcareous reactivity of the
substances involved, are dried. Then the
granules are heated to a temperature of 350 C
by gases which utilize the waste heat produced
during subsequent heating steps. After being
heated, the granules are transferred into a
slowly rotating tube in which a flow of
counterstreaming gases is maintained. Once
the granules pass from the tube, they are
allowed to fall through a heating chamber
where they rapidly expand. The extent to which
the granules expand is determined by three
factors: the rate at which the granules fall
through the chamber; the distance traveled
through the chamber; and the temperature of the
gases in the chamber. When the granules are
clear of the heating zone, they are cooled
abruptly; this causes them to solidify into
cellular nodules. Sodium silicate may be used
to lower the heat requirements of the expan-
sion process.
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Sanitary Landfill
INT-0905
Winstead, T. W. Process for utilizing
expanded thermoplastic sheet waste. France
2,005,61A; filed Apr. 2, 1969; issued Dec.
12, 1969.

The waste thermoplastic polystyrene sheet
is first compressed to increase its density,
then granulated. The compression is preferably
carried out between rollers at a pressure of
4 to 10 kg per sq cm. The granulated waste
is sieved before mixing it with fresh granu-
lated plastic. The sieve mesh is between 1.6
and 4.8 mm. Subsidiary claims provide for a
method of continuously extruding an expanded
thermoplastic sheet and for molding and cutting
articles such as plates and cups from the
sheet. (Text in French)
INT-0906
Blickensderfer, P. S., A. E. Weinberg, W. F.
Oliver, and R. J. Perez (Plywood-Champion
Papers, Inc.). Bark resins and method of
forming same. Canada 829,982; filed Nov. 24,
1967; issued Dec. 16, 1969.

This process transforms tree bark into a
resinous material that is commercially useful.
After the bark is reduced to fine particles,
the fibrous particles of the bark are separ-
ated from the nonfibrous particles. An
aqueous alkali metal hydroxide is added to the
nonfibrous particles to form a mixture. This
mixture is heated in a substantially oxygen-
free atmosphere; at temperatures from 200 to
260 C a dry alkali bark is formed. A slurry
is prepared from the alkali bark which is
acidified to form a formaldehyde-reactive acid
bark. The formaldehyde-reactive acid bark
and a phenol can be reacted to form heat-curing
resinous materials. Such materials can be
used for various purposes, such as molding
materials, laminating resins, and plywood
adhesives.
INT-0907
Anderson, K. E., and J. L. Waber (National
Gypsum Company). Method of treating
asphalt contaminated waste paper. Canada
830,887; filed Nov. 23, 1967; issued Dec.
30, 1969.

This process disperses asphalt particles
throughout a paper sheet during a paper-making
operation. A slurry of the asphalt containing
wastepaper is formed by repulping the paper
in water; then a chemical additive is introduced
into the slurry. The additive consists of a
major proportion of a water-immiscible solvent
for the asphalt, and a minor proportion of
a surfactant capable of forming a stable
emulsion of the solvent in water. After the
slurry is agitated for a controlled period
of time, it is processed according/to conven-
tional papermaking techniques. Suitable
solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons and their
derivatives, such as xylene, toluene, mineral
spirits, and the like, which have a boiling
point above 185 F. It has been found that
amounts as low as 0.1 percent by volume of
the slurry, of the chemical additive are
effective in dispersing asphalt contaminants.
SANITARY LANDFILL
INT-0908
(Hartzekleinerungs und Zementmaschinenbau-
gesellschaft). Method and apparatus for the
preparation and stowing of mine waste. Aus-
tralia 167,176; filed Dec. 17, 1953; issued
Mar. 7, 1956.
The method consists of working a seam from
a bay branching from a gallery, while
leaving a recess in the gallery for the
waste or rubble. The rubble is pulverized
as it is extracted from the material mined
on a site adjacent to the extraction plate,
and is returned by pneumatic or hydraulic
power through pipelines to the bay from
which it originated. The apparatus
consists of: a mobile pulverizing machine
comprising a casing having a shaft rotated
by a motor; a rotor on the shaft with
juxtaposed impact blades; impact plates
mounted in the casing; a rubble conveyor
having its delivery in the inlet; a fabric
curtain over the inlet, and a chain curtain
in the casing; a screen in the casing
adapted to pass fines and to direct rubble
to the impact blades; a funnel outlet in the
bottom of the casing connecting to a
312
-------
0905-0912
pipeline; and a nozzle in the pipeline
connected to a pressure supply. The
exhaust of the internal combustion motor
forces the pulverized rubble through the
pipeline.
INT-0909
Titze, R. Conversion of waste land.
Germany 1,137,051; filed Nov. 18, 1958;
issued Sept. 27, 1962.

Conversion of wasteland into humus or
workable soil is achieved in a relatively
short time (1 to 2 years) by stacking
locally collected animal and vegetable
wastes (industrial waste, domestic waste,
garden rubbish, weeds, etc.) in a layer of
30 to 50 cm deep on the land. This waste
is then pressed down by rolling, and
allowed to rot. Optionally, bacterial
cultures and inorganic foods for these
may be added. The layers may periodically
be pressed or rolled again to maintain a
higher rotting temperature and to exclude
air. (Text in German)
INT-0910
Amiboshi, T. Promotion of the surface
drying of landfill by the use of layers
that prevent capillary rise of water.
Japan 39-10,483; filed Feb. 6, 1962;
issued June 12, 1964.

Surface drying of landfills is
quickened when a layer of plastics or
sand is placed above the ground water
zone. Fine-grained earth like clay,
that usually forms underground water
zones, allows the capillary rise of
water to as high as several meters; sand layers,
which have a larger grain size, result in a
rise of only about 7 cm. In the case of
reclaimed land where the underground water
level is comparatively high, it takes
months for the landfill to dry, since the
capillary rise of water keeps moistening
it from beneath. Plastic (vinyl,
polyethylene or the like) films or sand
layers can prevent this. For example,
land reclaimed from the sea is filled with
landfill material to a height several dozen
cm short of the final height. Sheets of
vinyl film or a layer of sand are spread.
The filling is then continued until the
final height is obtained. When the landfill
has sufficiently dried, good surface soil
is spread over it as thickly as desired.
In one project where the underground water
level was about 1 m below the ground surface,
it took only 90 days for the surface layer
(up to 50 cm deep) to dry, when the layer for
blocking capillary rise of water was used;
it took 10 months to dry without the layer.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0911
Hennecke, H. (Deutshce Babcock and
Wilcox-Dampfkessel-Werke A.G.). Refuse dump
removal device. Germany 1,261,446; filed
Nov. 28, 1963; issued Feb. 15, 1968.

A refuse dump removal device comprises a
carriage running on rails across the dump
and it has an endless band which empties onto
a sideways arranged conveyor belt. The
endless band revolves around the dump.
(Text in German)
INT-0912
Sukurs, R. (Beteiligungs- und
Patentverwaltungs G. m. b. H.). Dump clearing
device. Germany 1,262,164; filed July 4,
1966; issued Feb. 29, 1968.
313
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Separation
A dump-clearing device has a carriage
traversable on rails laid on the dump, and
an endless conveyor belt formed by two
superposed runs. This forms a pocket in which
the loose dump goods are delivered upward
to an endless discharge conveyor, carried
by a platform, which moves along the dump
with the carriage. (Text in German)
INT-0913
Stroecker, G. (Firma Gustav Schade,
Maschinenfabrik). Dump clearing scraper.
Germany 1,284,899; filed Feb. 12, 1968;
issued Dec. 5, 1968.

A dump-clearing scraper has a gantry
spanning and traversing the dump. Its
opposite feet have scraper booms pivoting
in a common vertical plane and overlapping,
with their free ends in partially or fully
lowered positions. (Text in German)
SEPARATION

INT-0914
Marcovigi, V. Method for separation and
removal of various types of inert material
from solid communal refuse. Switzerland
243,267; filed Aug. 16, 1943; issued July
15, 1946.

Glass, slag, sand, gravel, nails, needles,
razor blades, and other inert materials are
separated from organic matter in communal
refuse by flushing all the refuse down a
funnel which goes through a separator.
First, the refuse is thoroughly mixed with
water from a container. The shape and
capacity of the separator are such that
the water carries along only refuse matter
whose specific weight is equal to or less
than water. Heavy material remains on the
bottom of the separator. The water,
carrying primarily organic matter, passes
through a sand collector, which is an
expanded cross section of the water duct.
The flow is then slowed to permit
sedimentation of the sand; the organic
matter continues. A series of differently
sized sieves collects the organic matter.
The water is returned to the container,
and is recycled. (Text in German)
INT-0915
Knoll, M. (Alpine A.G. Eisengiesserei und
Maschinenfabrik). Preparation of refuse.
Germany 811,821; filed Apr. 7, 1950;
issued Aug. 23, 1951.

A method has been devised for separating
inorganic components from refuse destined
for composting. The unwanted inorganic
components are much heavier than that of
the organic substances, whose specific
weight is about 1. The inorganic
components are separated in a carrier
liquid whose specific weight is between
that of inorganic and organic substances.
If water is used as a carrier, the
organic components are kept in suspension
by motion or by addition of chemicals.
The organic refuse can then be further
treated in the water, or it can be
first dehydrated in a centrifuge. In
this separation process, coarse refuse
remains as long as it is organic.
(Text in German)
INT-0916
Harris, E. P., and F. J. Trostler.
Improvements relating to the recovery of
lead alloy from scrap accumulator plates.
Great Britain 658,568; filed Apr. 14,
1949; issued Oct. 10, 1951.

Scrap accumulator plates are subjected to
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0913-0920
sustained structural disruption, and to
simultaneous heat treatment under
controlled conditions, so that there is
no substantial oxidation of the antimonial
lead component. The process is carried
out in an inclined open-ended rotary
driver or furnace, heated either directly
or indirectly to 500 to 600 C. The
continuous tumbling of the plates causes
their disruption, and advances them to the
lower end of the drum. Molten alloy tends
to separate, and can be selectively with-
drawn, leaving a mixture of dross and non-
metallic components with appreciable amounts
of antimonial lead pellets which can be
separated for further treatment by mechanical
screening.
INT-0917
Straetling, W. (W. Straetling, and Westfalia
Dinnendahl Goeppel A.G.). Method for the
treatment of fly ash from power plants and
similar combustion plants. Germany 890,032;
filed May 6, 1943; issued Sept. 17, 1953.

The fly ash from power plants or other
combustion processes contains quantities of
unburned coal, which is more or less coked.
The unburned coal can be recycled if it is
separated from the carbon-poor fraction.
The separation may be carried out by several
methods, e.g. a vibrating table,
electrostatic separation, or froth flotation.
The latter method is particularly suitable
since an extremely fine coal dust is obtained,
which can be used as fuel again after drying.
The carbon-poor fraction may be used as
additive to construction material. If 100
kg fly ash are separated on a vibrating table
whose inclination is 4 to 5 degrees, 23.5
percent of coke product is obtained and 48.5
percent ash. The process may be repeated for
more efficient separation. If 1,000 kg fly
ash with 36 percent combustible material is
subjected to froth flotation, 440 kg of coke
with an ash content of 19 percent (78%
carbon content, heating value 6,400 cal) ,
and 560 kg of low-coal product, with an ash
content of 97 percent, are obtained. (Text
in German)
INT-0918
Gordon, H. E. Z. Improvements in or relating
to the stripping of plastic coatings from
insulated copper wires. Great Britain
730,958; filed Oct. 22, 1951; issued June I,
1955.

Plastic coatings are removed by immersion
of the coated wire into a mixture of
sulfuric acid (specific gravity 1.84) and
nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42)
containing 1.5 to 70.5 percent nitric acid.
Rapid removal of coating without damage to
the copper is achieved by maintaining
reaction temperatures between 50 and 120 C
(60 to 90 C is sufficient in most cases).
Immersion time varies inversely with
temperature (11 minutes to 10 seconds for
40 to 120 C, respeccively).
INT-0919
Von der Ohe, E. Method and equipment for
suspension of solid and liquid substances.
Germany 933,005; filed June 28, 1951;
issued Sept. 15, 1955.

The method for suspending solid and liquid
substances is initiated by sending ground
or crushed matter through a liquid pump.
The crushing and grinding tools on a
rotating structure are dipped into the
liquid on the bottom at regular intervals.
By this method, abattoir waste can be
suspended and flushed into a waste water
canal. The matter may be suspended with
or without the addition of a precipitating
agent. Organic domestic refuse can be
suspended with waste water or waste water
sludge. The equipment comprises a bucket
wheel in which cutters, crushers, and
grinders rotate rapidly. (Text in German)
INT-0920
Klein, C. J., and W. H. Wright (National
Steel Corporation). Apparatus for detinning
scrap. Canada 543,993; filed May 19, 1953;
issued July 23, 1957.

An apparatus for detinning scrap tinplate
tumbles the material in a chemical bath
which dissolves and removes the tin.
A drum used to hold the scrap material is
supported in a tank that holds the chemical
solution. The drum is rotatable along its
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-------
Separation
longitudinal axis, and includes a cylindrical
sidewall and end walls spaced apart from the
tank. In one of the end walls is a circular
discharge opening, having a diameter less
than the diameter of the drum. A conical
wall inside the drum extends from the
sidewall to the periphery of the opening.
Retaining devices, including a wall
extending outward and upward from the lower
portion of the opening, bridge the space
between the end wall of the drum and the
tank, and prevent material from falling
out through the opening. This apparatus
is not limited to tin, but may be used
for treating other materials.
IIMT-0921
(Clevite Corporation). Electrolytically
separating and recovering nonferrous alloys
from ferrous materials coated therewith.
Great Britain 811,442; filed Aug. 3, 1955;
issued Apr. 8, 1959.

The body, made up of nonferrous lead-
bearing copper base alloy affixed to
ferrous material, is used as the anode
in a strongly alkaline, aqueous electrolyte
containing an alkali metal cyanide together
with tartrate radical. An electric current
maintaining 0.8 volts is passed through this
anode-cathode arrangement, resulting in the
separation of the copper base alloy,
including the lead, from the ferrous
material. The alloy is deposited on the
cathode for subsequent recovery.
INT-0922
Howden, P. (Ernest Newell and Company Limited).
Improvements in or relating to the separation
of scrap steel from slag. Great Britain
815,619; filed July 27, 1956; issued July 1,
1959.

Raw slag is discharged into an elevator skip
and carried to a hopper, then fed in a thin
stream over the inclined surface of a multiple
electromagnetic separator. Pieces of steel
or slag (containing steel) are retained, while
the remainder of the slag passes onto a
reversible conveyor belt. At one end it is
discharged into a jawcrusher from which it is
passed to a conveyor leading to the grinding
plant. After a suitable amount of slag has
been processed, the conveyor belt is reversed,
and the power supply to the magnets shut
off to release the retained steel, which falls
into a wagon for return to the steelworks.
These steps are manually controlled by a
surveying operator who determines the sequence
and duration of the processes involved.
INT-0923
Davis, H. K. (Link-Belt Limited). Method for
drying metal scrap. Canada 623,612; filed
Oct. 21, 1957; issued July 11, 1961.

Cutting oil and the like are removed from
metal scrap by wetting. A stream of gases
is propelled through an enclosed path at a
pressure above atmospheric, and passes
through a zone in which a combustible mixture
of fuel and air is burned to increase the
temperature of the gases. The stream of
heated gases then passes through an agitated
bed of metal scrap to evaporate the wetting
liquid from it, and entrain the resulting
vapor in the flowing stream of gases. The
gases are released from the stream at a rate
which will maintain its pressure at a
substantially constant value. The gases
remaining in the stream are then recirculated
to the zone in which the combustible mixture
of fuel and air is burned. The quantity of
316
-------
0921-0925
air in the combustible mixture is regulated
to permit complete combustion of the fuel and
the combustible vapors in the off-gases, and
to prevent ignition of the combustible vapors
entrained in any portion of the stream apart
from the zone.
INT-Q924
Rath, F. E. Recovering metal. Great Britain
905,925; filed Apr. 25, 1960; issued Sept.
12, 1962.

A process of magnetic separation enables
clean metal pieces and magnetic oxides of a
selected size range to be recovered from a
mixture of materials such as are found in
steel plant debris. The mixture is first
screened for size on a grid, then impacted
by a magnet-carrying crane. This is then
fed by conveyor to another impactor and
roller screen to separate the large-sized
portion from the smaller portion. The
larger-sized portion is collected magnetically
and discharged for return to the mill; the
smaller portion is recycled. Nonmagnetic
material is separated by a vibrating screen.
INT-0925
Dalakishvili, L. I. Equipment for separating
metal scrap from molding loam. U.S.S.R.
157,472; filed June 18, 1962; issued Oct. 5,
1963.

The equipment separates both magnetic and
nonmagnetic scrap from molding loam, thus
cutting substantially the metal losses in
a foundry. The equipment consists of a
frame on which are mounted: an electric
motor, a speed reducer, a driven crushing
317
-------
Separation
drum, an undriven crushing drum, an upper
conveyor, and a lower conveyor. As the
used molding loam is charged into the
hopper of the machine, the loam, the cores
and the scrap metal drop on the upper
conveyor. The loam, cores and fine scrap
are blown off by compressed air into the
hopper. The coarse scrap is carried
away by the upper conveyor to a scrap
bin. The wastes falling into the hopper
pass through the crushing drums and drop
on the lower conveyor, from which the
loam and the crushed cores are blown
by compressed air into a hopper located
above the discharge belt. The fine
scrap is carried away by the lower
conveyor, and discharged into the scrap
bin. (Text in Russian)
IIMT-0926
Diefenbacher, W., and 0. Herbold (Wilhelm
Diefenbacher K.G.). Refuse separator.
Germany 1,178,022; filed July 11, 1963;
issued Sept. 17, 1964.

A refuse separator is designed to separate
lighter and heavier items by a high-speed
conveyor band which slings the lighter
materials out at a nearer point, and the
heavier materials at a further point.
The running surface of the conveyor
band carrying the materials is set
into vibration in a direction which
is preferably normal to the surface.
The motions induced in the material
on the band are limited by a plate
above and approximately parallel to
the band. (Text in German)
containing textiles whose threads tend
to clog the sifting mechanism necessary
in grading waste for particle size.
INT-0927
Meyer, L. (Hartzerkleinerungs und
Zement Maschinenbau G.m.b.h.).
Device for sorting waste materials.
Germany 1,192,993; filed July 31, 1964;
issued May 20, 1965.

A device sorts and separates waste
material, particularly of a kind
The device comprises a vertical shaft with
an opening for the introduction of waste
material at the top, and another at the
bottom having an oscillating sieve through
which the finer waste particles fall to a
receiving bunker. Another shaft is attached
to the first, with a connecting window between
them. A rake, mounted in the upper part of the
main shaft, catches and holds the unwanted
textile material. It is then transferred to
the second shaft, where it is detached by
horizontal displacement through the connecting
window, and collected at the bottom. (Text in
German)
IIMT-0928
Treckmann, P. (Paul Treckmann and Company).
Refuse preparation machine. Germany
1,192,402; filed Jan. 23, 1964; issued July
29, 1965.

A refuse preparation machine is designed
for domestic and similar heterogeneous
mixtures. The refuse is charged onto a
conveyor belt from a fast-moving friction
drum. The drum and the belt are juxtaposed
so the material components are slung onto
the belt surface at an angle. At the discharge
318
-------
0926-0931
end of the belt are two partitioned receiver
zones. One of these receives material which
remains on the belt; the other, further from
the belt, receives components which, being
harder, have glanced off the belt surface.
(Text in German)
to 8 mm perforation diameter for essentially
cubic fine grains. Rod screens are used for
flat pot pieces, and round — or square-
perforated screen plates of approximately
25-mm perforation width are used for separating
bulky pieces. (Text in German)
INT-0929
Hartmann, H. Refuse destructor separator.
Germany 1,203,194; filed Mar. 26, 1964;
issued Oct. 21, 1965.

A refuse destructor/separator divides glass
and ceramic pieces from crude ash by round-
or square-perforated screen plates, with 6
INT-0930
Chevallier, R. L. Refuse separator.
Germany 1,215,612; filed Feb. 24, 1965;
issued May 5, 1966.

A refuse separator removes compostable,
fibrous, dusty components, usable as
fertilizer, from domestic refuse. The
device comprises interlocking disks
8
rotating on edge, having toothed edges
and tearing pegs on their flanks. Arms
are suspended over the grate composed of
these disks, to limit the height of the
burden on them. The disks, mounted on
rotating, square shafts, form a travelling
grate. The refuse is charged at one end,
and usable material passes over the grate
to a suitable discharge. (Text in German)
8
INT-0931
Kozmin, Y. A., E. V. Davydov, S. T.
Takezhanov, V. D. Ponomarev, L. P. Shulgin,
T. K. Tserekov, I. A. Yarovoi, A. S.
Kulenov, and A. V. Bratchik (Ail-Union
Scientific-Research Mining-Metallurgy
Institute of Nonferrous Metals). Treatment
of dusts and dross from metallurgical
plants. U.S.S.R. 186,681; filed June 21,
1965; issued Oct. 3, 1966.

Dusts and dross from plants (e.g. lead
smelting plants) are treated by alkaline
leaching, and the lead is separated
electrolytically from the alkaline solution
as a Cathode sponge. Sodium arsenate is
separated from the solution by crystalli-
zation. To increase the extraction of the
nonferrous and rare metals, and to
simplify the technology, the alkaline
leaching and the electrolytic separation
of the lead are combined in a single
aggregate. Selenium is precipitated
from the alkaline solution after the
removal of the arsenate by known methods.
Zinc, cadmium, and rare metals are
leached from the filtered lead sponge and
the insoluble precipitate with sulfuric
acid. (Text in Russian)
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Separation

INT-0932
Kharlamov, F. M., K. G. Petukhov, and
Y. I. Zaretskiy (Moscow Regional
Administration 'Soyuztortsvetmet').
Device for continuous degreasing of
tinplated scrap and washing tin off it.
U.S.S.R. 195,111; filed Mar. 5, 1965;
issued Apr. 12, 1967.

The device consists of a horizontal
metal drum, supported on rollers and
rotated slowly by an electric motor.
Heat insulation may be applied to the
outer surface of the drum. The drum is
filled with various solutions by pipes
provided with spray nozzles. Ribs may be
attached to the interior surface of the
drum to facilitate stirring of the scrap.
The scrap is charged by a feed conveyor
into one end of the drum, and treated
scrap is discharged onto a removal
conveyor from the other end. The drum
is subdivided into two or more working
segments with interposed pouring sections.
The working segments are shielded from
the pouring sections by sheet metal
borders shaped like truncated cones.
Drum segments, lying within the pouring
sections, are perforated to support the
scrap, while still allowing the liquids
to flow through and down into funnels
provided in the lower parts of these
sections. Suction fans are provided in the upper
part of these sections to remove vapors and/or
gases released in the pouring sections. In
operation, scrap traverses the entire length of
the drum. Liquids, fed individually into the
individual drum segments, are prevented by the
borders from flowing from one segment to another.
(Text in Russian)
6 i 1
INT-0933
Lenz, H., J. Mehlbeer, H. Macura, and
0. Weidner (Eisen und Metall A.G.). Scrap metal
recovery method. Germany 1,263,641; filed June
12, 1967; issued Mar. 21, 1968.
Scrap metal is recovered from cables by
using a hammermill for comminution,
followed by discharge without rehandling,
into a first sink separator, with the
intermediate product going directly into
a second separator. If necessary, the
intermediate product from the second
separation will go directly to an additional
sink separator. The conveyor speed through
the sink separator or for the intermediate
product (as long as there are two metals
320
-------
0932-0937
present) is adjusted so the isolation achieved
in the hammermill, especially of the metal
being recovered, is essentially maintained.
(Text in German)
INT-0934
Lyons, W. H. Improvements in or relating
to the separation of metallic bodies from
bulk materials. Great Britain 1,121,451;
filed Mar. 13, 1967; issued July 31, 1968.

This apparatus automatically separates
nonferrous metallic bodies from waste
material, and it may be used in conjunction
with a magnetic separator. A ferrous core,
with coils spaced along its underside, is
positioned above a moving belt. The coils
are energized with polyphase alternating
current. The resultant magnetic field is
progressively intersected by the nonferrous
conducting bodies in the trash. When the
bodies cross the magnetic field, an electro-
motive force displaces them along the belt
in a direction lengthwise to the core. The
core is transversely disposed in relation
to the belt.
the pumped waste from the inlet opening
to the discharge passage.
INT-0935
Blum, A. Improvements in centrifugal pumps
for dirt-laden water. Great Britain
1,125,376; filed Jan. 24, 1966; issued Aug.
28, 1968.

A centrifugal pump comprises an open-channel
impeller rotating in a housing. The housing
facing the open channel of the impeller is
provided with a conveying mechanism of at
least one projection adjacent to the open side
of the impeller. This projection extends from
near the central inlet opening of the
housing to a discharge passage in the
housing around the impeller. This passage
cooperates with the impeller to convey
fragments of cloth or other materials in
V
INT-0936
(Spectra International, Inc.). Improvements
in or relating to the recovery of metals.
Great Britain 1,128,367; filed Dec. 21,
1965; issued Sept. 25, 1968.

Precious metals, electroplated onto a basic
metal, are recovered by contacting the
electroplated base with a molten metal
(a solvent for the precious metal) at a
temperature below the melting points of
the precious metal and the base metal.
Afterward, the dissolved, electroplated
precious metals are recovered from the
fluid solvent.
INT-0937
Meier, J. (Georg Fischer A.G.). Device
for the separation of core iron, nails,
or similar components in used molding
sand or similar material. Switzerland
471,614; filed Sept. 26, 1967; issued Apr.
30, 1969.

A device for the removal of iron parts
and nails from used molding sand con-
sists of at least one grate, with
narrow channels and angular bends, and
321
-------
Separation
at least one reserve grate. The unit
also has a device for turning the grate.
The grate can be removed from the casing
and tilted 180 degrees for cleaning.
An endless link belt, which combines the
grates and which runs through the bottom
and top of the casing, can be used for
automatic cleaning of the grate. The
casing has an inlet, and an outlet where
the cleaned sand is discharged. (Text
in German)
INT-0938
Tremolada, G. (A. Tonolli and Company.
S.p.A.). Process for the separation of
components of scrap storage batteries.
Canada 815,369; filed Jan. 13, 1966;
issued June 17, 1969.

INT-0939
Grich, E. R., and J. W. Hood (Purifax,
Inc.). Procedure for the purification of
waste material containing a putresclble
substance. Switzerland 472,909; filed
Dec. 2, 1966; issued July 15, 1969.
This separation process treats scrap
storage batteries, particularly lead
batteries, which are suitably crushed
and devoid of active substance. The
separation vessel contains an aqueous
suspension of active substance to which
is added the material obtained from the
crushed batteries. The density of the
solution is between that of its metal-
lic components and inactive materials.
Light materials are removed at the
liquid surface; at the bottom of the
vessel, metallic components are
removed. This separation process is
particularly efficient when combined
with a crushing process which reduces
all active ingredients in a storage
battery to detached powder, or granules.
38
322
-------
0938-0941
This procedure involves treatment with an
oxidizing agent. The process renders the
waste odorless and converts it to a flocculent
form, which can be easily separated from the
water mass by sedimentation or filtration.
The material is put in contact with the
oxidizing agent in a rapid agitation zone,
and it is kept in rapid circulation to insure
that the insoluble material is suspended during
the time required for oxidation of the putres-
cible substance. Rapid circulation is continued
at reduced pressure so air or gas bubbles
attached to the suspended solid particles
separate and reassemble. The reassembled
bubbles separate easily from the waste material
when they are freed in a low-pressure zone. In
one installation of this process, the oxidizing
agent is gaseous chlorine. It is introduced
into the rapid agitation zone in which the waste
is suspended in water. In this manner, the
chlorine is assured access to all waste particles.
The chlorine may be injected by a centrifugal
pump. (Text in French)
SLUDGE
INT-0940
(Dorr-Oliver N.V.). Method and equipment for
treatment of organic refuse and waste water
sludge through common anaerobic decomposition.
Switzerland 241,662; filed May 19, 1943;
issued Mar. 31, 1946.

Organic domestic refuse and sludge from
waste water purification is subjected to
anaerobic decomposition in a tightly
sealed, rotting tank. Before the refuse
is piped to the rotting tank, it is mixed
with sludge and shredded. The domestic
refuse can also be wetted by sludge taken
from the rotting tank, in which case no
additional water is required for shredding
the refuse. Smaller rotting tanks can bi
used. (Text in German)
INT-0941
Wickenden, L. Treatment of waste oil
refinery sludge coke. Australia 123,894;
filed Oct. 24, 1944; issued Mar. 24, 1947.

Sludge coke can be converted into a highly
adsorptive material that is usable in the
purification of water, edible oils, glycer-
ine, and some syrups. Granules of the
sludge coke are heated in a controlled
oxidizing atmosphere of air and steam at
a temperature sufficiently high enough
(between 850 and 950 C) and for a time
sufficiently long enough to burn a pre-
determined amount of the granules. The
coke is simultaneously mixed so that the
granules are exposed to substantially
uniform conditions of treatment, and the
heating operation is continued until the
granules of sludge coke are converted.
The type of furnace suitable for this
process consists of a series of shelves
one above the other. The raw material
\
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. i* :
""
.•16
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to
323
-------
Sludge
is fed onto the outer edge of the first
shelf and is then conveyed to the center
of the shelf, at which point it drops to
the next shelf. As a result, the material
is thoroughly stirred, and there is inti-
mate contact between the particles of
carbon and the treating gases.
INT-0942
Stroganov, S. N. A method of utilization
of activated sewage sludge as raw stuff
for plastics. Great Britain 587,877;
filed Mar. 26, 1941; issued May 8, 1947.

A process of producing protein plastics
involves condensing a phenol-aldehyde,
a polyvinyl chloride, or a Glyptal resin
with bacterial protein of activated
sludge, taken as a byproduct of sewage
treatment plants in aeration tanks, and
preferably containing up to 50 percent
protein substances in dry weight. The
activated sludge is preferably subjected
to a preliminary treatment by an oxidizer
such as hydrogen peroxide.
INT-0943
Singer, M. J. Fertilizer from harbor sludge
and the like. Netherlands 77,873; filed
Nov. 19, 1952; issued Apr. 15, 1955.

Harbor sludge or similar organic material
which cannot be dried easily is divided
into two parts. One part is formed into
granules, the other part is mixed with fuel-
containing waste materials, e.g. flue dust,
coal sludge, or powdered lignite, in an
amount greater than that necessary for
baking the clay from the sludge, and then
formed into granules. The latter part is
burned in air, and the former part is dried
with the aid of combustion gases. Both parts
are then powdered and mixed. The powder may
be mixed with other fertilizer. (Text in
Dutch)
IIMT-0944
Gothard, H. A. S. (British Organic Products
Limited). An improved process for the
treatment of sewage or other organic
liquors and domestic refuse or other
organic matter. Great Britain 764,294;
filed Sept. 17, 1951; issued Dec. 28, 1956.

The process for the treatment of refuse
having a biochemical oxygen demand of at
least 5,000 ppm, a pH of 6.5 to 7.3, and
nitrogen content of at least 100 ppm, in-
volves fermentation under anaerobic condi-
tions to yield methane-rich gas and digested
sludge. This sludge is mixed with finely
divided organic matter and fermented under
aerobic conditions to yield a compost ferti-
lizer. The crude liquor is first treated
by drawing off the supernatant liquid to give
the liquor the requisite oxygen demand,
adjusting the pH, and adding the ammonium
salts for the necessary nitrogen content.
The temperature of the liquor during the
initial stages of its digestion is maintained
between 45 and 55 C. The liquid content of
the mixture is reduced by means of filtration.
The organic matter is fed into a stream of the
digested sludge, and the mixture is pulverized
before being subjected to filtration.
'/S
INT-0945
Wuethrich, F. (Von Roll A.G.). Procedure
for the joint incineration of refuse and
clear sludge, and an incinerator with grate
firing for the procedure. Switzerland
434,539; filed Aug. 20, 1964; issued Oct.
14, 1967.

Refuse and clear sludge with a moisture
content of 70 percent are combusted together
in a common incinerator with grate firing.
The filling funnel, through which the refuse
is introduced, is situated over an oven con-
taining three grates in succession. The first
grate dries the refuse, the second is the main
incinerator, and the third receives most of the
gases of combustion. The sludge is mechanically
broken up into small particles and allowed
to fall through an atmosphere of heated gases
324
-------
0942-0948
for drying, so that these can then be burned
together with the other refuse. (Text in
German)
I
INT-0946
Eberhardt, H., H. Weiand, and K. Kalrabach
(Haniel and Lueg G.m.b.H.). Procedure for
burning clear sludge by means of a whirl-
pool oven. Switzerland 440,527; filed
Oct. 14, 1963; issued Dec. 29, 1967.

This procedure for the burning of clear sludge
(oil-water emulsions, fat-water emulsions,
synthetic-water mixtures) uses a whirlpool
oven. The whirlpool bed below the oven
requires less than half as much air flow
as the oven itself. Circular air vents
which are located on the oven walls provide
its air supply. Thus, the air flow into
the oven can be regulated. A booster oil
burner located in the upper half of the
structure is regulated according to the
incineration temperature above the whirlpool
bed. Air is led into the whirlpool bed
through openings in the floor from a chamber
underneath. (Text in German)
INT-0947
Gitchel, W. B., C. A. Hoffman, and E. W.
Schoeffel (Sterling Drug, Inc.). Method
of continuous production of a harmless,
odorless, organic substance with optimal
processing properties from sewage sludge.
Switzerland 458,225; filed May 20, 1965;
issued June 15, 1968.

A constant volume of sewage sludge is mixed
continuously with a constant volume of a gas
containing oxygen in such a proportion that
the oxygen lowers the chemical oxygen re-
quirement of the sewage sludge by more than
5 percent. The mixture is heated conti-
nuously until the chemical oxygen requirement
of the sludge is decreased. A harmless
sludge which contains fibrous substances is
obtained; these substances have a lower
filtration resistance and a higher sedimen-
tation rate than the raw sludge. Insoluble
fats in the treated sludge have a lower
moisture retention. (See also Switzerland
473,066) (Text in German)
.»
1 14 1? '
,' . r. V T -
to
80
1 S
INT-0948
Albertson, 0. E. (Dorr-Oliver, Inc.).
Method and equipment for the treatment of
putrescible sludge. Switzerland 466,820;
filed Aug. 15, 1963; issued Dec. 15, 1968.

Raw sludge is subjected to an aerobic
decomposition process. To the decomposing
sludge, new raw sludge is added while part
of the decomposing sludge is removed. This
decomposed sludge is separated in a
325
-------
Sludge
centrifuge with a screw conveyor discharge into
a thin fraction containing primarily in com-
pletely decomposed substances and into a con-
centrated fraction of nonputrescible solids.
The thin fraction is concentrated in a nozzle
centrifuge. The nonputrescible fraction is
incinerated in a fluidized bed furnace.
(Text in German)
INT-0949
Tanaka, M. (Nagata Seisakusho) . Method for
disposal of fine sludge. Japan 44-652; filed
Dec. 8, 1964; issued Jan. 13, 1969.

Vacuum or pressure filters are often used to
dispose of wet material containing fine
particulates. However, when more than 50
percent of the material measures less than
100 microns, the dehydration capacity of
vacuum filters decreases rapidly, and both
facilities and operations costs are high.
Pressure filters cannot handle large quantities,
and continuous operation is not feasible when
they are used. It is unsafe to dispose of such
material on waste coal and gravel piles since,
as a result, they may fall. If the water
containing fine sludge from coal screening is
filtered to a consistency of about 300 to 600
g per liter and added to crushed gravel smaller
than 25 mm, a semisolid is formed that can be
disposed on the waste pile with no danger. The
evenly mixed particulates form a material whose
consistency approximates that of wet concrete.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0950
Roediger, W. (Roediger A.G.). Heating device
for sludge digester. Switzerland 467,220;
filed Dec. 15, 1966; issued Jan. 15, 1969.

A heating device for sludge digesters consists
of longitudinal bodies with circular or rec-
tangular cross sections. The cross section is
uniform over the entire length submerged in
the sludge. The heating bodies are heated by
hot water flowing through a pipe, which trans-
verses the bodies from top to bottom. The
heating water is returned through another pipe
within the body. Another pipe may be installed
likewise, crossing the heaters from top to
bottom with a nozzle for injection of gas into
the sludge to promote the rotting process, and
to enhance the efficiency of the heating process.
The heaters are installed in a sleeve. They are
inserted into the sludge and removed from the
top. (Text in German)
INT-0951
Greenfield, C. Apparatus and process for
dehydrating waste solids concentrates.
Great Britain 1,140,709; filed Dec. 14,
1966; issued Jan. 22, 1969.

An apparatus for dehydrating waste solids
concentrates is characterized by a
fluidizing tank in which an oil is added
to the solids. There is: a single-stage
evaporator; a conduit between the fluidi-
zing tank and the evaporator through which
the mixture flows to the evaporator; a heat
generator supplying the heat needed for the
evaporator; a pressing device in which the
mixture is separated into the solid and the
liquid components, a conduit leading from
the evaporator to the pressing device through
326
-------
0949-0953
which an anhydrous oil sludge flows;
and a means of discharging the solids
separated in the pressing device to the heat
generator. The heat generator is especially
suited for burning these solids. The mixture
of oil and waste solids concentrates is
dehydrated at a temperature of 100 to 400F.
INT-0953
Albertson, 0. E. (Dorr-Oliver Inc.). Method
for incineration of organic sewage sludge
as well as equipment for the process.
Switzerland 469,225; filed Dec. 5, 1967;
issued Feb. 28, 1969.

The dehydrated organic sewage sludge is in-
jected into a turbulent fluidized bed. The
injection is such that the sludge first
contacts the wall of the reactor. The
combustion chamber is shaped like a shaft.
In the bottom of the reactor is an air
chamber with a plate pierced by nozzles
for the injection of air into the fluidized
bed. At the upper end of the combustion
chamber is the outlet duct for flue gases.
The spray nozzle for injection of the sludge
is likewise arranged in the upper section of
the combustion chamber. By adjusting the
injection angle of the sludge, the residence
time can be prolonged or shortened. Morever, the
atomization of the sludge can be regulated. The
sludge particles are predried on their way into
the fluidized bed where they are then incinerated.
For larger particles, the underfed air is blown
INT-0952
Hilgers, G. (Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz A.G.).
Method of oxidizing organic components contained
in solutions, leaches or sludges. Canada
806,244; filed Sept. 18, 1965; issued Feb. 11,
1969.

This reaction chamber burns organic compounds
contained in solutions, leaches, or sludges
while evaporating, at normal pressures, the
water found in the liquids. A rapidly ro-
tating vane wheel maintains a gas vortex within
the chamber. Centrifugal force pushes the
unburned matter against the sides of the
chamber to permit the withdrawal of pure gas
from the eye of the vortex. Those unburned
particles, in turn, are drawn into the com-
bustion process. Steam boilers utilizing
waste heat can be employed for predrying
the solution being treated.
in at higher speeds (0.9 to 2.1 m per sec). This
has two advantages: small ash particles are
carried along by the rising gases and are removed
from the reactor; and material flows into high-
temperature one to be heated. The reactor has a
cylindrical upper part and a conical lower part.
Its shell is made of steel lined with fireproof
327
-------
Sludge
bricks. The flue gases are cleaned in a cyclone. by a thermocouple. (See also Canada 803,776 and
The temperature in the fluidized bed is regulated Great Britain 1,166,70) (Text in German)
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INT-0954
Sontheimer, H. (Metallgesellschaft A.G.). Method
for dehydration of waste sludge. Switzerland
468,941; filed Jan. 14, 1965; issued Feb. 28,
1969.

A method for dehydrating sludges accumulating
in purification plants for domestic or industrial
waste water is provided. In the first stage,
the sludge is concentrated in a decanting centri-
fuge. The centrifugate, with a water content of
40 to 60 percent, can be directly dumped or inci-
nerated. The less dense material separated in the
centrifuge is treated with lime and carbon
dioxide until a pH of less than 10 is obtained.
This can be further dehydrated by sedimentation
or flotation. The end-product of this process
is returned either entirely or in part to the
decanting centrifuge. Putrid sludge, fresh sludges
from communal purification plants, and industrial
sludges from paper mills can be treated by
this method. After treatment with carbon dioxide
328
-------
0954-0957
and prior to concentration of the less dense
material, flocculants such as iron salts can be
added. The temperature of the lime-carbon
dioxide treatment and/or concentration process
ranges between 60 to 80 C. The lime which is
added contains ash, preferably ash from incin-
eration of the dehydrated sludge. Three practical
examples are given. In the first case, putrid
sludge with a solids content of 52 g per liter
was treated by this process. For concentration
of the lighter material after centrifugation,
20 g per liter calcium hydroxide and 7 g carbon
dioxide per cu m were needed. In the second
and third cases, fresh sludge with a solids
content of 60 g per liter was used. In both
cases an end-product with a solids content of
45 and 35 percent was obtained. (Text in
German)
INT-0955
Aeberli, H. (Von Roll A.G.). Process for
dehydration of putrid and/or fresh sludge from
waste water purification plants. Switzerland
469,639; filed Mar. 25, 1968; issued Mar. 15,
1969.

A dehydration method for putrid and/or fresh
sludge is designed so that the sludge is heated
and subsequently filtered or centrifuged. The
solid substances in the sludge are left in the
form of a filter cake. The filtrate and the
water separated in the centrifuge are free from
any suspended matter. Prior to thermal con-
ditioning of the sludge, its pH value is
brought to between 5.5 and 6.5. The temperature
of the conditioning process is at least 150 C,
the duration of this process, less than 1 hr.
The sludge goes through the various phases of
the process without interruption. (Text in
German)
F
INT-0956
Althoff, F. W., and F. Koppernock (E. Merck
A.G.). Method of treating sludges accumulating
in biological waste water purification.
Switzerland 469,638; filed Apr. 12, 1965; issued
Mar. 15, 1969.

This method improves the dehydration ability
of sludges accumulating in the biological
purification of waste water. The sludge is
preconcentrated and mixed with solutions con-
taining chromium salts. Waste water from the
chemical and electroplating industry is
preferably used with a chromium content between
2 and 10 percent. Best results are achieved
with a chromium concentration of 5 percent.
This treatment can be combined with treat-
ment using precipitants such as calcium
hydroxide, iron (II) salts, aluminum salts, etc.
The excess sludge from the biological purifica-
tion process can be mixed with sludge from the
preliminary purification process. After
treatment, the sludge can be either filtered
or centrifuged. If the sludge is burned, the
chromium in the ash can be recovered. (Text
in German)
INT-0957
Ferney, F. X. (Bird Machine Company).
Centrifugal separator for separation of solid
particles from the liquid part of a sludge.
Switzerland 469,511; filed Apr. 13, 1966;
issued Mar. 15, 1969.

A centrifugal separator consists of a rotary
drum with a nonperforated, conical, inner
surface. At the narrow end of the cone, it is
connected with an adjoining coaxial sieve.
Opposite this connection in the sieve, there
is the concentrate tap-off. The wall of the
sieve consists of one or several sieves which
pass the fluid but retain the solid substance.
The screw conveyor goes through both parts of
the centrifuge. The nonperforated part has
an overflow opening. When the sludge enters
the drum, it is thrown toward the wall by
centrifugal force. The surface of this
rotating sludge ring terminates at a distance
from the narrow end which is at least 15
percent of the inner diameter of the wide end
of the conical drum. This guarantees smooth
drain off of the fluid. The diameter of the
narrow end of the conical part should be 65
to 95 percent of the diameter of the wide end.
The size of the openings in the sieve section
depends on the type and size of the solid
particles. The inner wall of the sieve section
is cylindrical. The diameter of the outlet
329
-------
Sludge
of this section is not smaller than the diameter
of the inlet. The major part of the fluid is
separated in the nonperforated section. (Text
.in German)
INT-0958
Fierstine, B. A. (Baker Perkins Incorporated).
Process and equipment for concentrating thin
sludge consisting of solid and liquid com-
ponents. Switzerland 469,510; filed May 4,
1968; issued Mar. 15, 1969.

The sludge enters the interior of a container
which is then set in rotational motion. The
radial discharge of components is prevented so
that the rotating mass consists of an outer
part of solid substance and an inner part which
has no solids or a low amount of solids. The
radial inner part is drained off parallel to
the axis of the container. The latter is formed
of a spiral spring which expands and contracts.
The separated sludge water flows off when the
spring is contracted. The solids are thrown out
when the spring expands. The spring consists
of a main spring with a circular cross section,
and a flat spring, which helps to seal the
spring when in the contracted stage. The
spring is preferably made of steel, but it can
also be made of a suitable plastic material.
The sludge enters the spring continuously.
(Text in German)
INT-0959
Ozawa, M. Device to dehydrate and solidify
sludge, Japan 44-6,358; filed Dec. 10, 1965;
issued Mar. 18, 1969.

An automated continuous dehydrator-shaper-
solidifier consists of a large fixed circular
stand, a revolving cylinder, and three shallow
cylinders placed on the cylinder. The three
cylinders circle the dumping device, the
dehydrating device, and the solidifier. The
stand rotates at a 120 degree angle each time.
Compression occurs within the cylinder, with
the compression plate operating vertically.
A filter board with holes dehydrates and
solidifies the sludge. Latticed blades at
the bottom of the cylinder divide the sludge
into cakes. When the cylinder rotates, sludge
is dumped into one small cylinder, dehydration
and compression takes place in another, and
cutting and ejecting of sludge occurs in the
third. With another turn, the dumped sludge
330
-------
0958-0962
is brought to the compression-dehydration
device. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0960
(Alfa-Laval Aktiebolag). Improvements in
sludge centrifuges. Great Britain 1,145,698;
filed Oct. 14, 1966; issued Mar. 19, 1969.

A sludge centrifuge, in which sludge discharge
takes place during operation, consists of a
sludge displacing body. This body is so shaped
and located within the sludge space of the
centrifuge rotor that the displacing volume
of the body is asymmetrically disposed with
respect to the axis of rotation of the centri-
fuge rotor. One suitable manner of designing
the displacing body involves the provision of
at least one hollow space in the body. In
another form of the apparatus, the displacing
body is a circular ring, one half of which
is solid, and the other half of which is
tubular.
INT-0961
Mogelnicki, S., and E. M. Gatza (Dow Chemical
Company). Mixed polymers and sludge condition-
ing. Great Britain 1,146,384; filed June 1,
1967; issued Mar. 26, 1969.

A water-soluble flocculant composition and
a process for dewatering raw sewage sludges
are described. The term 'raw sewage sludge'
as used here, refers to sludges produced by
the primary settling of sewage and mixtures
which contain at least 50 percent by weight of
such sludges. The flocculant is mainly comprised
of at least one resinous amino-condensation poly-
mer having a molecular weight of 500,000 or less,
and a minor proportion of at least one cationic
vinyl-addition polymer having a molecular
weight of at least 1,000,000. The resinous
amino-condensation polymer may be a polyalky-
lene polyamine, the alkylene groups of which
contain 2 to 3 carbon atoms. The cationic
vinyl-addition polymer may contain a number
of amino alkyl-N-acrylamide groups, the amino
alkyl groups of which are hydrophilic. Applica-
tion of the polymeric blend to sludges to be
dewatered is accomplished by first preparing
an applicating solution of the polymeric
blend which may contain from as little as
about 0.01 percent by weight up to as much
as 5 percent by weight dissolved polymeric
solids. The sludge is treated with a small
amount of the polymer applicating solution
to provide a predetermined, desired polymer
dosage. The sludge is subjected to mild
agitation and then to a dewatering operation
which may involve compaction, filtration,
flotation, or centrifugation. (See also
Great Britain 1,159,819)
INT-0962
Sontheimer, H., G. Thomas, A. Fischer, and
F. Knaup (Metallgesellschaft A.G.). A method
of and apparatus for dewatering sludges.
Great Britain 1,149,331; filed Jan. 9, 1968;
issued Apr. 23, 1969.

Sewage sludge is dewatered by introducing lime
into the sludge. After or during the addition
of lime, and prior to the dewatering of the
sludge, carbon dioxide or gases containing
carbon dioxide are introduced into the sludge.
The introduction of carbon dioxide is stopped
while free calcium hydroxide still remains in
the sludge. After the introduction of the
carbon dioxide, the pH of the sludge remains
above 10. The sludge is then dewatered with
the aid of conventional methods. The sludge
may be heated by direct heat exchange with
flue gases. The apparatus for dewatering the
sludge is comprised of a first vessel for
receiving sludge, a second vessel, a sludge
outlet from the first vessel communicating with
an inlet to the second vessel, a stirring device
in the second vessel, a gas admission pipe, an
overflow from the second vessel for maintaining
the surface of the sludge at a level below the
outlet end of the pipe, means for adding lime,
and dewatering means.
331
-------
Sludge
INT-0963
Ishigaki, E. (Ishigaki Kiko K.K.). Method of
incinerating particulates containing water
utilizing fluid layer and its device. Japan
44-9,155; filed Dec. 27, 1965; issued Apr. 26,
1969.

A method of drying and burning material which,
like dehydrated sludge, still contains some
water even after filtering,uses a fluid layer
of nonflammable particulates. When air or
gas of a certain velocity is sent through a
porous board into the particulate mass, the
particulates float evenly and fluidly. If the
layer is kept at a high temperature, sludge
can be incinerated. Circulation of the fluid
layer between the drying chamber and the com-
bustion chamber improves incineration. Windows
utilizing the difference in air pressure
between the two chambers are the means of par-
ticulate circulation. (Text in Japanese)
/&
IIMT-0964
Rohrer, E. Method for the production of
fodder from sewage sludge. Switzerland
471,540; filed July 25, 1968; issued Apr.
30, 1969.

Sewage sludge is mixed with refuse compost
as a drying agent, and is heated to a temper-
ature between 105 and 160 C. The mixture is
then expanded until a sterile end-product is
obtained. Experiments have shown that
activated sludges, sludges from percolators,
and putrid sludges can be used. It was also
found that a 10-second expansion renders a
completely inert product. It is recommended
that the mixture be heated rapidly to a tem-
perature of 110 or 120 C. To protect the
equipment, temperatures of higher than 130 C
are not advisable. The ratio between sludge
and compost should preferably be 10 to 1.
Attention must be paid to the moisture content
of the mixture which may not be less than 25
percent. The nutritive value of the inert end-
product can be increased by adding abattoir
wastes to the mixture. Roots and tubers may
also be added. The produced fodder is dried
with hot air or in a familiar drying apparatus
with and without a vacuum. (Text in German)
INT-0965
Metheny, D. E. , and G. Gutzeit (General
American Transportation Corporation). System
for and method of destroying aqueous slurries
containing combustible organic waste materials.
Canada 813,105; filed Jan. 14, 1963; issued
May 20, 1969.

This invention destroys aqueous slurries such
as sewage sludges by converting organic waste
materials into inorganic ash and gases without
the production of noxious gases. Aqueous
slurry passes into an incinerator of the
fluidized-bed type. The combustion chamber
contains a mass of refractory material in the
form of discrete particles fluidized by a
stream of oxygen. Heat is supplied in order
to maintain the chamber's operating temper-
ature in the range of 1,300 to 1,800 F. Any
water in the slurry is completely evaporated
as the combustible organic materials are
burned. The incinerator's upper chamber
provides sufficient retention time to ensure
complete burning of all combustible organic
waste materials in the slurry. The exhaust
gases from this process can be utilized for
preheating the slurry.
332
-------
0963-0968
INT-0966
Horikoshi, K. (Ebara Infilco Company). Com-
bustion system with fluid layer. Japan
44-18,153; filed May 26, 1966; issued Aug.
8, 1969.

A device to burn inflammable substances in
sewage or industrial sludge without producing
odors uses the fluid-layer method. This kind
of sludge can usually be completely burned at
350 to 600 C, but the combustion is accom-
panied by odors in the exhaust gas. Con-
siderably higher temperatures are required
to make it odorless. Even with the use of
a fluid layer of sand or silica particulates,
a minimum of 700 C is required, and the
sludge has to be greatly dehydrated. The
incinerator must be equipped with a heat
exchanger, and must be quite large and
therefore expensive. This incinerator
contains activated particulates which work
as catalysts. It is connected to an over-
flow pipe which removes excess particulates
from the top fluid layer. The bottom
discharge pipe is connected with a selector
device which selects activated particulates
from inorganics. The steel cylinder is
lined with fireproof cement, and in the
lower part contains a board with many holes,
below which is an air chamber connected with
the fan. On top of the perforated board,
catalyst particulates of cobalt-manganese
or copper-chrome fill the container to a
certain height and are made fluid by the
air flowing in through the air board. A
screw feeder feeds in the waste to be burned
and the catalyst particulates. A burner is
attached to the sidewall of the incinerator.
The discharge pipe is connected with a multi-
stage vibrating sift. The catalyst particu-
lates are sent back to the hopper -by an
ejector and separating cyclone.
the separating cyclone is
bottom of the scrubber.
The top of
connected with the
Malodorous gases
INT-0967
Hitomi, 0., and M. Yamada (Hitachi, Ltd.).
Sludge incinerating device. Japan 44-19,597;
filed May 17, 1965; issued Aug. 25, 1969.

A sludge burning device can dispose of large
quantities of material without being
restricted by site size or weather variables.
A pipe at the top of the reactor sends sludge
into the reactor; one at the bottom of the
reactor discharges the burned remnants.
Several burners are arranged outside of the
reactor. A separator separates out the resi-
dual solids after combustion. A photocell
controls the burners and gas supply valve,
so that sludge can be almost completely
combusted and pollution from incinerator
output minimized to below the standards.
The photocell operates by detecting and
analyzing by color the water condensation
from the exhaust gas. It consists of a
slit, which adjusts to the amount of light
emitted by the source, a filter, a photo-
cell, and an amplifier. When sludge burns
from its own heat, the burners are automa-
tically extinguished; they are relit when
the temperature falls below a predetermined
level. (See also Japanese 44-19,237 and
44-2,155) (Text in Japanese)
are oxidized by the catalyst particulate
and discharged through the exhaust pipe with
the ash. (Text in Japanese)
INT-0968
Querio, C. W., R. C. Hultin, W. C. Bauman,
and J. L. Teal (Dow Chemical Company).
Method for disposal of waste solids. Great
Britain 1,163,494; filed June 22, 1967;
issued Sept. 4, 1969.

Biologi _ .:.-•'., .''idge solids pro-
duced by the treatment of sewage are
disposed of in subsurface formations. The
sludge is made into a slurry in proportions
of 1 to 25 percent by weight and pumped to
a well. The slurry is transported to a
permeable underground formation having a 5
percent porosity and a minimum permeability
of about 10 millidarcies per ft. The slurry
is pressure injected at a temperature which
will not cause a fracture of the formation.
333
-------
Sludge
INT-0969
Yamada, M., and 0. Hitomi (Hitachi, Ltd.).
Incinerator. Japan 44-20,586; filed July
28, 1964; issued Sept. 4, 1969.

An incinerator is designed to use the heat
generated by the burning of garbage to
prepare sludge for combustion. Garbage
from a hopper is transferred to a stoker
on which the garbage is incinerated. The
stoker moves spirally around the sludge
incinerator. When the sludge incinerator
has been sufficiently heated by the hot
air rising from the garbage incinerator,
sludge is sprayed into the sludge inciner-
ator. When the preheated sludge enters
the combustion chamber, it is quickly dried
and burned. To prevent the temperature in
the chamber from becoming too high, the
stoker's speed can be reduced. (See also
Japan 44-20-949) (Text in Japanese)
INT-0970
Ozawa, T. (Nlhon Gaishi Company). Multi-step
incinerator. Japan 44-22,713; filed Nov.
15, 1965; issued Sept. 29, 1969.

A multistep incinerator can heat, dry, and
burn high water content waste such as sludge.
When the heavy oil burner is ignited, the
garbage is dumped into the incinerator.
Bent wings attached to the rotating axis
in the center of the incinerator push the
sludge through the holes in the top metal
grid. Since the conductivity of metal is
high, the grid reaches a high temperature,
and can evaporate most of the approximately
70 percent water content of the sludge. As
the garbage falls through the holes to the
second and then to the other grids it is
further dried and combusted. These grids
are lined with fireproof bricks. The flame
gas that heats the sludge passes above the
grids before it is discharged from the top
exhaust outlet. For a traditional inciner-
erator, the temperature of the exhaust gas
is 260 to 300 C, and the fuel used per ton
is 70 liters; in this model, the gas
temperature is between 240 and 250 C, and
the fuel used per ton is about 54 liters.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-0971
(Trelleborgs Gummifabriks Aktiebolag).
Improvements in or relating to screens for
removal of liquid from sludge materials or
the like. Great Britain 1,166,940; filed
Jan. 6, 1967; issued Oct. 15, 1969.

A screen assembly for the removal of liquids
from sludge materials comprises a frame, at
least two webs of resilient material, and a
means of defining slits in the webs. One of
webs, in relation to the other web, is pre-
stressed in the direction of the slits.
The webs are: superimposed, one upon the
other; interconnected over their entire
surface with the slits opposite each other;
and connected with the frame. The screen
may be formed of natural rubbers, synthetic
rubbers, or plastics.
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334
-------
INT-0972
Coackley, P. (Motherwell Bridge and
Engineering Company, Ltd.) Improvements in
or relating to apparatus for use in de-
watering sludge. Great Britain 1,170,413;
filed Oct. 8, 1965; issued Nov. 12, 1969.

This dewatering apparatus rapidly dries
relatively large quantities of sludge. An
elongated electrode device is positioned
within a hollow electrode device. The tubes
comprise a through passage for sludge. A
rotary blade system forces sludge through the
passage, and the ducting consists of the tube
bore and perforations in the tube wall. The
electrodes respectively serve as anode and
cathode to cause an electro-osmotic flov. of
water from the sludge.
ISA,
INT-0973
(Dorr-Oliver, Inc.). Refuse incinerator.
Great Britain 1,172,571; filed Jan. 19,
1967; issued Dec. 3, 1969.
0969-0974
This sewage sludge incinerator is suited to
the needs of small communities requiring
an inexpensive means of burning sewage
sludge. A cylindrical combustion chamber
is positioned within a housing. Hot gases,
under pressure, are directed into the space
between the chamber and the housing. A
movable sprayer feeds organic material into
the combustion chamber, where hot combustion
gases effect burning of the feed material.
The sprayer repetitively traverses the com-
bustion chamber to prevent any buildup of
unburned waste material in the combustion
chamber.
INT-0974
(Sterling Drug, Inc.). Partial wet air
oxidation of sewage sludge. Great Britain
1,173,654; filed Feb. 23, 1967; issued Dec.
10, 1969.
GRO IND
RAW
PRIMARY
SLUDGE
This partial wet air oxidation process is
conducted under nonautogenic conditions.
The reaction temperature is maintained at a
constant level by preheating the sludge to
a temperature not exceeding 150 C. Next,
steam is sent directly into the mixture, and,
by varying the amount of injected steam, the
temperature can he kept at a constant level
fXTER
335
-------
Storage
of from 160 to 185 C. This process reduces
the COD of the sludge by 5 to 45 percent.
There is always sufficient air present to
maintain gaseous oxygen in the oxidized
mixture. This process provides trouble-free
operation, with minimum supervision, and
low-cost equipment.
INT-0975
Teletzke, G. H., and E. M. Pogainio (Sterling
Drug, Inc.). Sewage treatment process.
Australia 400,186; filed May 11, 1965; issued
Dec. 17, 1969.

A sewage treatment plant employing a gas
anaerobic digester and a wet air oxidation
system can effectively utilize the effluent
from the wet oxidation process. The plant
can also recycle the effluent to the digester
as an acceptable nutrient for the digestor
organisms, if the oxidizing is carried out
in a way that reduces the COD of the sludge
SEWAGE
by less than 55 percent. To do this, the
sludge is subjected to wet air oxidation
at a temperature of at least 120 C under
pressure and in the presence of excess
oxygen. The process separates the resulting
liquid effluent and the undissolved solids,
and cools at least a portion of the effluent
to a temperature between 75 and 108 C; after
this the cooled portion is returned to the
digestor. Not only the amount of cooling
is regulated, so as to maintain the digestor
at a constant temperature between 30 and 60
C, but also the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen
that is returned to the digestor by the
effluent is regulated so as to maintain the
ammoniacal nitrogen content of the digestor
below 1.0 g per liter. In a variation of
the process, the ammoniacal nitrogen may
be separated from the effluent by evapora-
tion, and a nonvolatile base may be added
to the effluent prior to evaporation.
Residual solids are concentrated and dried
by filtration.
Df)Y_
SCUDS
STORAGE
INT-0976
MacKenzie, A. K. (Amac Refinements Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse bins.
Great Britain 618,756; filed Dec. 3, 1946;
issued Feb. 25, 1949.

This refuse bin has an external casing with a
removable lining. The bottom of the liner is
perforated, and a drip tray is provided beneath
it with a handle extending above the level of
the top of the liner. The drip tray and liner
may be removed as a unit from the external
casing. The bottom of the liner and the wall
of the drip tray have complementary conforma-
tions, so the bottom of the liner fits in the
336
-------
0975-0978
drip tray and is retained against accidental
displacement.
within it, is removable. The container is
supported on runners that facilitate tilting
from vertical to horizontal position. The
device has a bucket-type carrying handle, and
a handle on the bottom to facilitate emptying.
To empty an ash pan, the container is tilted
to a horizontal position, and the pan is
inserted in the aperture. When lifted to a
vertical position, the ash slides out of the
pan into the container. Also, as the con-
tainer is lifted to the vertical position,
the flap closes, preventing the escape of the
ash. The sealing strips sweep the ash from
the pan.
INT-0977
Northover, G. H. Improvements in or
relating to receptacles for ash or other
waste matter. Australia 133,823; filed
Apr. 11, 19A7; issued Aug. 11, 1949.

The container, which is tapered to the top,
is adapted to receive and hold ash or other
waste introduced through an inlet. The
aperture is closed by a hinged flap that will
open to admit the ash pan through the flexible
sealing means (such as strips of felt, or
asbestos) which are around its edges, and
seal it when the flap is closed. The whole
lid of the container, which has the aperture
INT-0978
Neale, W. Improvements relating to refuse
bins. Great Britain 634,061; filed Mar.
24, 1949; issued Mar. 15, 1950.

The improvement applies to a bin with a remova-
ble container and hinged lid attached to the
body. It provides several designs whereby a
pedal opens the lid until a second operation
causes it to close. This is due to a pivotal
link connection which passes over a center
point when the pedal is depressed. Pressing
the lever again moves the rod upward, return-
ing the lid over the center and allowing it
to close by gravity. Alternatively, the lid
337
-------
Storage
may be opened by means of a tension, compression
or torsion spring. These operations can be
effected by means of a cam plate interposed
between the pedal and the lid. Its rotation
causes the lid to assume the 'opening' or
'closing' position. The link on the bin may
alternately support the lid in the two open
positions, when the pedal is pressed
a second time.
two lids. To empty the garbage can, it is
taken by its two handles, removed from the
worm screw spindle with which it is fastened
to the shaft neck, and rolled out. By this
method of storage, the garbage cans are not
immediately visible and require no space above
ground. The shaft wall on the side of the
rail is slightly inclined for simpler removal.
(Text in German)
INT-0979
Treece, J. W. Improvements relating to
refuse collecting bins. Great Britain
634,021; filed Mar. 4, 1949; issued Mar. 15,
1950.

An improved lid is attached to the refuse bin
to prevent complete detachment from the bin,
while allowing for the uncovering requisite
for emptying. A pair of foldable linkages
are attached diametrically opposite. One is
on each side of the bin comprising two parts
whose ends are pivoted to the rim of the bin
and the lid, and sufficiently long to allow
raising the lid for the introduction of refuse.
The lid can also be moved laterally to the
side of the bin during emptying. The lid will
remain closed even if the bin is inadvertently
overturned. i'
INT-0980
Jakob, F. Storage method for garbage cans.
Germany 838,266; filed Dec. 8, 1950; issued
May 8, 1952.

A storage method has been devised in the
form of a coverable shaft for garbage cans
equipped with rollers which run on a rail.
The shaft is under the ground and covered by
INT-0981
Moon, P. H., H. Hindson, and H. C. H. Archer.
Garbage containers. Great Britain 717,839;
filed Nov. 24, 1952; issued Nov. 3, 1954.

Introduction of garbage into a container is
achieved by means of a flat-topped, circular,
detachable lid with an aperture, fitted on
the upper rim of the container. Fitted within
the aperture is a platform which can rotate
180 degrees about a horizontal pivot bar, the
end of which is bent to form a crank. A rec-
tangular receptacle with converging walls is
338
-------
fitted onto the platform, so that it can be
removed by sliding along two guiding flanges.
The top of the receptacle has a sliding,
removable sieve. The entire superstructure
is covered by a protecting hood. Garbage and
other refuse is placed into the receptacle,
which is then emptied by rotating about the
pivot with or without the sieve cover (which
separates ashes from cinders) in place.
Rubber gaskets may be fitted around the edges
of the platform to better seal the aperture
edges.
INT-0982
Kilian, C. Garbage can stand. Canada
507,888; filed Jan. 28, 1954; issued Dec.
7, 1954.

A support for an outdoor garbage can or similar
receptacle comprises two horizontal rings with
a number of legs arranged about the exterior
of the rings so one ring is near the upper end
of the legs, and the other is near the middle.
The lower end of each leg is provided with a
0979-0983
point for penetration into the ground. A pair
of crisscrossed bars are positioned among
the legs and below the lower ring. Between
the pointed lower ends of the legs and the
lower ring, fixed, horizontal lugs project.
When apertured stop plates are slid onto the
legs and engaged with the lugs, the penetration
of the pointed ends of the legs into the ground
is limited. The garbage can rests on the
crisscrossed bars and cannot be accidentally
toppled by winds or by animals.
"
INT-0983
Moers, W. Domestic refuse storage system.
Germany 923,331; filed Nov. 13, 1951? issued
Feb. 10, 1955.

A storage system for refuse in apartment
houses consists of a rotary receptacle for
garbage cans, a chute, and a pipe leading to
a container or storage bunker. The drum-shaped
receptacle consists of a chamber into which
garbage can is emptied, the chute is flushed
with water. The end of the chute is equipped
with a grate which catches the falling refuse.
The door to the storage bunker can be opened
only when the end of the chute is closed. A
heat sensor in the refuse storage bunker
initiates a fire extinguisher and an acoustic
alarm at the outbreak of a fire. The extin-
guisher is automatically shut off after the
fire has been extinguished. (Text in German)
the garbage cans fit. While a can is loaded
into the receptacle chamber, the opening to
the chute is blocked. After closing the door
to the chamber, the can is turned by a hand
wheel. The opening to the chute is unblocked
and the can is emptied. The chute is equipped
with a ventilator, which is activated as soon
as the charging door is opened. While the
339
-------
Storage
INT-0984
Gutmann, M., and G. Zeune. Closure and
locking device for waste receptacles. Germany
1,024,010; filed May 9, 1956; issued Feb. 6,
1958.

The device closes a receptacle when filling
is completed. It consists of a rectangular
frame with removable walls which enclose the
waste receptacle. The receptacle is equipped
with a door and a funnel-like device to guide
the incoming waste, which closes and locks
automatically when the level of material
reaches the top. The inner side of the closure
door is equipped with arms which can be swiv-
eled horizontally, engaging hooks which are in
turn attached to the guide. (Text in German)
INT-0985
Linde, H. Garbage can. Switzerland 334,545;
filed Jun. 8, 1955; issued Dec. 15, 1958.

The garbage can consists of galvanized sheet
steel with a fortification ring around its
opening. A flange is attached to the ring at
a 120-degree angle. The ring, which is made
4
of angle iron, protects the can against the
strain of automatic emptying devices. Prior
to galvanization, the can is dipped into a
pickling bath. The fortification ring and
can are welded together in the outside angle
between flange and can. (See also Germany
1,073,942) (Text in German)
INT-0986
Shimeild, G. R., and J. K. Shimeild (George
Shimeild and Sons). Article disposal means.
Great Britain 809,223; filed Feb. 20, 1957;
issued Feb. 18, 1959.

The invention provides a disposal unit to
collect empty bottles discarded from a bar.
Empty bottles are thrown into a chute which
projects into a rectangular framework in which
a number of supporting wire mesh shelves are
positioned. The shelves are arranged alter-
nately in zig-zag fashion to extend from one
end of the container to the other, downwardly
inclined to form a guideway, so the articles
drop to the bottom for further disposal.
Spring mountings assist the descending movement
of bottles. The end of the chute is provided
with a pivotally mounted flap, against spring
bias, as a shock absorber against the impact
of falling articles.
INT-0987
Borchard, F., and E. Goetz (Eisenwerk Streuber
and Lohmann G.m.b.H.). Locking device for
garbage can covers. Germany 1,065,323; filed
Jan. 9, 1958; issued Sept. 10, 1959.

The garbage can is provided with a rim lip,
a cover with a carrying handle, a spout, and
hooks. The cover is attached to the lower
part of the can by a rivet and hinge. In the
center of the cover a stopcock connects (by
turning) with the hooks in the under part of
the cover. These hooks connect with bolts
in slits which limit the rotation of the
340
-------
0984-0990
cover. In the locked position, the cover is
provided with an eccentric device with connec-
tions to the hinge of the cover. (Text in
INT-0988
Lerch, I. R. Box-shaped garbage receptacle.
Germany 1,095,740; filed Oct. 14, 1959; issued
Dec. 22, 1960.

The receptacle is made of plastic or stainless
metal. Garbage is thrown into the top of the
open container, which is separated from the
bottom by a movable cover. This newly intr-
oduced garbage can be transferred to the bottom
portion by sliding the movable cover outward.
The cover is prevented from sliding out
entirely by the angle provided at the pertinent
end. However, this safeguard is only applic-
able to the horizontal position; the cover
may be removed entirely by turning it downward
through an angle of 90 degrees. The receptacle
is also provided with an outwardly projecting
U-shaped device for hanging the receptacle on
a cupboard door. (Text in German)
INT-0989
Brandhoff, H. (Firma Heinrich Brandhoff). A
device for holding down the cover of a refuse
container provided with doors. Germany
1,098,444; filed Mar. 31, 1959; issued Jan.
26, 1961;

The door of the container is fastened to a
column so that it can be swung. In the inter-
ior of this container, the refuse barrel is
inserted and secured by holders. The cover
is held on top of the barrel by a piece of
sheet metal projecting from a metal device
built over the column. It is located at an
angle, so in case refuse forces the cover
open, pressure is exerted by this device to
__&._
press the lid downward. (See also Germany
1,049,772 and 1,072,188) (Text in German)
INT-0990
Goodchild, T. A. Removable bin for garbage
disposal. Canada 613,446; filed Feb. 22,
1958; issued Jan. 31, 1961.

A garbage disposal canister is adapted for use
within conventional cabinets. The unit is
comprised of a bin combined with a lid, hinged
to its rear edge. A support plate is hinged
to the base of the associated cabinet, with
guides on the inner face of the plate adapted
to slidably receive and support the bin. A
device is secured to at least one side of the
cabinet. This is adapted to position the bin
341
-------
Storage
selectively in a number of open positions.
There is also a device comprising a resilient
bracket. This bracket is secured by one end
to the inner face of one side of the plate,
and a pair of detents secures the bracket in
the middle and on the other end. Each of these
detents engages the inner surface of the side
of the cabinet when the plate is opened, and
is manually disengageable, permitting the plate
to open to a wider position for removal of the
bin. The latch cooperates between the bin
lid and the cabinet, and is adapted to open
the lid when the plate and the bin are pulled
open.
INT-0991
Littleton, H. R. Garbage can and cover.
Canada 621,072; filed Feb. 12, 1960; issued
May 30, 1961.

The garbage can described is suited to be used
under the ground. It consists of terra cotta
or concrete tile, embedded in the ground with
the upper end projecting, into which an ordinary
garbage can or other receptacle can be placed.
The cover fits over the upper end of the tile.
It can be made of aluminum, and fitted to make
the container watertight. The lid forms the
central part of the cover, and it rests on a
raised inner lip. The pedal is on the cover,
and may be used foot or hand, depending on
whether the can is submerged. The lid is
constructed so that it will not 'flop over'
when raised.
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INT-0992
Boone, J., and K. J. Foinquinos. Improved
refuse and the like containers and methods
of producing the same. Australia 234,840;
filed Sept. 30, 1959; issued Aug. 4, 1961.

A refuse container has an inner, noncorrosive
surface layer of a thermosetting resin, and
an underlying layer of a fire-resisting
material, integrally incorporated into the
body of the container. The inner layer con-
sists of a coating of a polyester, epoxy, or
formaldehyde resin, reinforced by glass fiber.
The underlying layer consists of anodized
aluminum foil. The whole container is molded
of a polyester resin reinforced with glass.
If the contents catch fire, the inner surface
coating will burn away, but the fire-resistant
layer will prevent the spread of the flames.
To produce this container, the mold must first
be coated with a surface layer of thermosetting
resin, and then a layer of fire-resistant
material while the resin is still uncured.
More resin is added over the fire-resistant
layer, and when it is cured, the container is
ready for use.
INT-0993
Franson, 0. E. (Munksjo Aktie Bolag). Refuse
container. Germany 1,133,667; filed Mar. 15,
1961; issued July 19, 1962.

A refuse container is comprised of a bag with
inwardly folded sidewalls and a flat bottom.
There are openings in the front and rear walls,
and in the sidewalls, for suspension from
carrier rods, etc. The openings in the side-
walls are slots or oblong holes extending in
342
-------
0991-0995
the direction of the refuse inlet. (Text in
German)
It
10 Z-
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INT-0994
Nissen, J. F. V. (Bates Ventil Saekke Company
A/S). Waste container made of paper or
similar material. Germany 1,136,268; filed
May 19, 1959; issued Sept. 6, 1962.
The container, when unfolded, is of rectilinear
shape, closed at one end, and proportioned
so that it can be used either standing on a
horizontal surface, or hanging from a horizon-
tal bar passed through one or both rolled ends
of the upper lips of the bag. Alternately,
the upper ends can be bent to provide a means
of hanging. Reinforcement of the upper ends
can be provided by tubes passed through loops
attached to the top edges of the bag. (Text
in German)
INT-0995
Allchurch, S. (Shefflex Limited). Improvements
in or relating to apparatus for the collection
of refuse from buildings. Great Britain
937,772; filed Jan. 19, 1961; issued Sept. 25,
1963.

This apparatus is for the collection of refuse
from buildings having at least one upper
floor. A chute has at least one refuse bin
receiver for each story of the building. Each
refuse bin receiver has an apertured shutter
and a closure flap. The shutter is
pivotally mounted in the receiver. The
closure flap is mounted relative to the shutter
so an inverting pivotal movement of a refuse
bin, which engages with the shutter, will
pivot the shutter and simultaneously open the
closure flap. This puts the interior of the
bin in communication with the chute. The bin
receiver is composed of a closing hood with
parallel sidewalls, and a rear opening. The
apertured shutter is hinged at the lower edge
of the opening, and extends upward from it.
A movable extension is formed from the free
edge of the shutter to the upper edge of the
hood opening. This extends laterally between
the sidewalls of the hood, to permit the
shutter to be swung into the chute without
dust escaping. The shutter is formed with an
inlet aperture, which is closed by a flap
pivoted to the upper end of the shutter. This
is designed to engage with a hinged lid of a
refuse bin to be emptied. When the refuse
bin and its lid are engaged with the shutter
343
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Storage
and flap, respectively, and tipped up, the
shutter swings inside. The pivoted flap swings
away, carrying the refuse lid with it, allow-
ing the bin to be emptied into the chute.
nozzles. The nozzles are set in from the walls,
and positioned in bores. The portion of the
chute immediately above the bore overhangs the
nozzle disposed in the bore.
INT-0996
Palmer, H. L. (True Flue Limited). Improve-
ments in or relating to refuse chutes. Great
Britain 940,638; filed July 12, 1961; issued
Oct. 30, 1963.

A chute supplied with a number of hoppers for
refuse disposal has a number of selected zones
at which one or more nozzles are situated.
The nozzles are coupled to a source of water,
so that water may be discharged into the
interior of the chute to wash or sluice the
walls. The nozzles are coupled to a common
supply pipe so it is possible to adjust one
valve to control the supply of water to all
\-
MJi i
ilMT-0997 .
Wheeler, L. S. (Arthur Shaw and Company
Limited). Improvements in, or relating to,
refuse collectors. Great Britain 957,001;
filed Jan. 22, 1963; issued Apr. 29, 1964.

This refuse collector is composed of a lid
and an internal receptacle which is made of
incombustible material. It is adapted to
receive and retain hot refuse temporarily
while it cools. It will discharge its cooled
contents into a sack detachably secured to
and around the holder. The receptacle is
liftable with the lid to enable unheated
refuse to be deposited directly into the sack
through the holder. The holder has an opening
in its lower end which is controllable to
enable refuse to be retained within or
discharged from the receptacle, or discharged
into the sack. The receptacle is an inverted
frustoconical shape, placed within the holder
with its larger end at the top. The lower
end has a closure seated upon and around the
internal surface of the receptacle. The
closure is carried by a plunger which extends
through the lid, and which has a handle
provided above the lid. A resilient band is
placed around and outside of the holder, to
grip the mouth of a sack inserted between
the holder and the band.
8b 7
344
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0996-1000
INT-0998
(Norrkoepings Stads Stiftelse Hyresbostader).
Arrangement for changing refuse containers
below refuse. Great Britain 959,966; filed
June 15, 1962; issued June 3, 1964.

An arrangement for changing containers in a
chute comprises a number of refuse containers
disposed in a ring on a turntable, and arranged
above its vertical axis. There is an arrange-
ment for rotating the turntable so that the
containers are brought, in turn, beneath the
refuse chute. They remain there until a
release mechanism initiates the rotation of
the turntable. The release mechanism com-
prises a light beam passing over the upper
edge of the container, situated in the filling
position, and acting in an intrinsically
known manner on an electric cell. The light
beam is interrupted by refuse projecting above
the edge, and initiates the rotation of the
turntable so that the next container is
brought beneath the refuse chute. When this
container is in position, the turntable stops.
INT-0999
Kaiser, F. Refuse bin. Germany 1,204,381;
filed Nov. 12, 1963; issued Nov. 4, 1965.

A refuse bin, built into a brick container,
is reached from house or street. It has a
plate swivelling around a vertical axis in the
VZZZZZB^
bin center so as to normally close the street-
side bin opening and also close the house-side
opening once swung through 180 degrees through
a suitably and expressly excised sidewall of
the bin. (Text in German)
INT-1000
Martino, L. J., R. E. Weimer, and W. E.
Moll (McDonald's System, Inc.). Waste
receptacle. Canada 745,464; filed Apr.
23, 1965; issued Nov. 1, 1966.

This waste receptacle is comprised of an up-
right thermoplastic container having four
sides defining an open top, a bottom, and
an inverted U-shaped lip circumscribing the
top. A hood is releasably snap-connected
l&
345
-------
Storage
to the lip, and consists of a thermoplastic
body with a top, a back, two sides, and an
open front and bottom. Connected to the
open front of the hood body by beads is
a four-sided thermoplastic doorframe that
has a central window and inclines downwardly
and inwardly with respect to the body. A
door normally closes the doorframe window,
but it is swingable at its top so that the
window may be opened to receive trash. This
receptacle is light, easy to handle, and
conveniently maintained and cleaned. It
is appropriate for use in outdoor locations
such as in the vicinity of outdoor
restaurants.
INT-1001
Beckmann, D. Refuse bin enclosure. Germany
1,236,763; filed July 5, 1963; issued Mar.
16, 1967.

The enclosure consists of a shaft whose
threaded sleeve enables a platform to
travel up and down in the shaft. The
platform forms an externally threaded bot-
tom insert in a cylinder and may connect
with the bin. The threaded components are
made of self-lubricating plastic, or are
suitably coated. (Text in German)
chute, and includes an air inlet slot outside
the flow area. This slot is covered by the
sliding valve when in a closed position, and
uncovered when the sliding valve body is in
an opened positions. (Text in German)
INT-1003
(Fredenhagen Kommanditgesellschaft). A
refuse bunker with a stationary supply
conveyor. Germany 1,246,632; filed Apr. 9,
1963; issued Aug. 10, 1967.

A refuse bunker is equipped with a stationary
supply conveyor and constructed to rotate
INT-1002
Hallstroem, 0. H. Device for periodic
removal of refuse. Switzerland 429,580;
filed Apr. 5, 1965; issued July 31, 1967.

This device is comprised of a valve housing
connected to the lower end of a refuse dis-
posal chute. A sliding valve body is
arranged at the upper portion of the valve
housing. The cross sectional area of the
upper portion of the valve housing extends
outside the cross sectional flow area of the
346
-------
1001-1006
about the conveyor, or move longitudinally
with respect to the conveyor. The floor of the
bunker is provided with an opening for waste
removal. This opening may be shut. The opening
is circular, and the bunker can be revolved
about a vertical axis. For emptying, this axis
has a spiral conveyor installed over the opening
in the bottom of the bunker, and attached to a
revolving plate. Refuse is brought into the
bunker by the conveyor belt, and can then be
distributed evenly by means of the rotatory
motion. (Text in German)
IIMT-1004
Hannemann, B. (Von Roll A.G.). Dumping bunker
for refuse to be incinerated. Switzerland
439,684; filed Apr. 14, 1966; issued Dec. 29,
1967.

A ferroconcrete dumping bunker, for storing
refuse to be incinerated at different times,
is deep and rectilinear in cross section, and
is provided with openings on at least one
side to receive refuse at a number of levels.
These openings have gates adapted to receive
material from refuse trucks. For access to
and from these openings, platforms that can
accommodate garbage trucks and allow garbage
to fall into the bunker without overflowing
are provided. The ramp for the use of these
trucks at the different levels must be uni-
directional. The gates must be operated by
the activation mechanism so that only one
gate is opened for the incoming truck. (Text
in German)
INT-1005
Alissandratos, T. D. (Albeni Corporation).
Refuse can holder and support therefor.
Canada 780,216; filed Sept. 18, 1964; issued
Mar. 12, 1968.

A support for containers is made up of a
bracket, mounted above and on a post suppor-
ted in the ground. The bracket supports the
containers vertically and laterally, and
comprises radially spaced arcuate flanges
connected at the bottom to define a U-shaped
groove. Further support is provided by an
L-shaped bracket at the top of the post,
which acts as a hook. With the aid of this
device, garbage cans may be supported off
the ground, and yet be readily removed for
transportation or emptying. (See also Great
Britain 1,133,792)
INT-1006
(International Paper Company). Improved
refuse bag holder. Great Britain 1,106,673;
filed Feb. 9, 1965; issued Mar. 20, 1968.

A disposable refuse bag holder comprises
four connected components, disposed to define
a rectangular opening. There is a movable lid
disposed over the opening, and a hinge connec-
ted to one end of the lid and mounted on one
of the components. A U-shaped, disposable
refuse bag-clamping bar has its opposing
sides and a web disposed under and against
347
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Storage
the lid, and at least one pair of opposing
protuberant devices disposed on the sides.
15
150,
INT-1007
Steinbach, S. (Gerdes and Company). Plastic
household bin with a lid to serve as a
garbage container. Switzerland 461,359;
filed May 16, 1967; issued Aug. 15, 1968.

The bin is provided with a plastic bag for
temporary storage of garbage. Inside, at
the rear wall and the bottom of the bin, a
INT-1008
Asaoka, I. Garbage box with chimes. Japan
41-2,148; filed Mar. 15, 1965; issued Jan.
29, 1969.

The garbage container has a freely movable,
detachable lid. Curved, long holes, suitably
spaced, are at the top of the peak-shaped lid.
The slanting planes have garbage dumping
holes. Bearings, fixing a rotating axis,
are attached on both sides of the inner top.
Supporting rods protrude through the curved,
long holes. Hammers and weights hang from
the axis. Opposite these are metal tubes
that, when struck, produce various sounds.
pocket-like compartment, separated from
the rest of the interior of the bin by a
pivoted, curved, convex louver, holds a
supply roll of individual plastic bags.
The bags are joined consecutively along
transverse perforation lines. The bags
can be pulled out into the interior of
the bin through the space between the
bin's bottom and the lower edge of the
louver. (Text in German)
20 17a 10a 11
-J-/4-
348
-------
1007-1011
When the supporting rods are perpendicular,
the dumping openings are shut. A board is
placed at the end of the supporting rods.
When the lid opens, the hammers and tubes
collide, resulting in a pleasant chime.
The empty board can be used for advertising.
(Text in Japanese)
INT-1009
Palmer, H. L. (True Flue Limited). Means
for facilitating the disposal of refuse.
Great Britain 1,142,730; filed Sept. 15,
1966; issued Feb. 12, 1969.

A system is provided for installation in pre-
mises where bins or expendible refuse con-
tainers are located outside of the premises,
and require emptying periodically. The
system consists of an inclined channel or
conduit down which refuse may slide under
the action of gravity through the wall of
a building. A hinged closure at the upper
or inner end of the channel normally closes
the channel, but it is capable of opening
to allow introduction of refuse. A sealing
flap is located in the channel, mounted for
free pivotal movement. The system is pri-
marily intended for installation or
incorporation in, for example, an external
wall of the kitchen of a domestic dwelling.
INT-1010
Key, F. Movable bin for refuse. Germany
1,289,773; filed Jan. 5, 1967; issued Feb.
20, 1969.

A refuse bin, for use with collective chute
systems, has a container rigidly mounted on
a wheeled trolley. The frame of the trolley
extends beyond the bin at both ends to
provide buffer beams with couplings. Attached
to each end face of the bin is a framework
carrying freestanding journal pins for engage-
ment with the lifting gear on the refuse-
collecting lorry. (Text in German)
INT-1011
Smedlund, K. H. (Hygap Aktiebolag). Device
for the removal of rubbish. Switzerland
468,544; filed Oct. 12, 1967; issued Mar.
31 , 1969.

This device consists of at least two caissons
or sacks situated underneath the rubbish
ejection container. A pipe, placed below
the outlet from the container and above the
sacks, is able to vibrate above the sacks,
which are arranged circularly, to guide waste
material successively into the various sacks,
until each, in turn, is filled. The apparatus
replaces cumbersome waste receptacles, and
28 27
,26 '_
-J—•/*—*• -\
,79
-Z7
349
-------
Storage
frequent manual emptying of smaller rubbish
containers. The pipe rotates automatically.
A cable, wound around the pipe, supports a
suspended weight. The pipe is held above
the sack by an electromagnet. (Text in
French) _ _
INT-1012
Saxby, D. J. (Tack Developments Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse bins.
Great Britain 1,147,733; filed Mar. 13,
1968; issued Apr. 2, 1969.

A bin for malodorous or potentially malodorous
substances consists of a container having a
lid with an aperture, a flap hinged to the lid
capable of closing the aperture, and a waste
tray attached to the flap in-such a way that
it is maintained at a constant angle. When
the flap is open, the waste tray closes the
aperture. A deodorizing substance is dis-
posed in the bin in an air-permeable con-
tainer. The deodorizing substance is
5 2
preferably active carbon, but it may also
be finely divided silica.
INT-1013
Ospelt, J. (MIDECO Mediterranean Industrial
Development Establishment). Refuse col-
lecting device for a refuse chute.
Switzerland 477,339; filed Aug. 30, 1968;
issued Aug. 31, 1969.

The chute terminates in the corner of a
refuse-handling room, as required by many
building codes. It occupies a small floor
area, and is sanitary. In handling refuse,
an upper cantilever is turned repeatedly
from one extreme position to the other to
collect loose refuse in a square-duct
shaft, and to compact it against a sup-
porting area of the lower cantilever by
a downward motion of the compacting piston
inside the shaft. Whenever the shaft is
filled with compacted rubbish, the lower
cantilever makes an eighth turn, moving
its supporting area aside; the compacting
piston pushes the refuse out of the shaft,
pulling a flexible hose down past its
elastic clamp. As the lower cantilever
moves toward its extreme position, the
350
-------
1012-1016
seal-and-sever unit advances toward its
working position, where it is met by its
counterpart, propelled toward it by a
separate device. On meeting, the units
clamp the intervening flexible hose, weld
it in two horizontal seams, and cut it
between them. The part above the cut is
ready for the next collection cycle; the
severed, sealed, refuse container is
conveyed to the shipping platform. (Text
in German)
INT-1014
Otto, W. (Gebr. Otto K.G.). Bulk refuse
container. Germany 1,581,018; filed Sept.
10, 1965; issued Sept. 18, 1969.

The bulk refuse container has a swing lid,
held shut by springs and carried on arms
which swivel around journals on the
container sidewalls. A coil spring, con-
centric to the journal, fits into a round
hole with an angled rim left in each arm
around its journal. The spring is covered
by a tensioning disc which swivels around
the journal, is placed from the outside,
and is permanently connected to the lid
arm. (Text in German)
INT-1015
Martin, M. Container for disposable items.
Canada 824,507; filed Dec. 18, 1967; issued
Oct. 7, 1969.

This unit disposes of sanitary napkins. The
receptacle has a sliding top and a chute
which guides the napkins down into the chamber.
Since the container can be made from plas-
ticized cardboard or molded plastic, it can
be disposed of entirely.
17-, ,20
12
13
INT-1016
Ries, A. (Firma Adolf Ries). Compacted-refuse
container. Switzerland 480,995; filed June
26, 1968; issued Nov. 15, 1969.

This compacted refuse container has ribs like
a pressure vessel with sidewalls, as well as
bottom and top walls, that diverge toward the
discharge opening to enlarge the free cross
sectional area. The discharge opening of the
container is closed by a hinged cover, in
which a pressure charge opening is provided.
It can be locked by means of latches operated
by a hand lever. The pressure charge opening
can be closed by a grid of tubes held in a
tubular frame and a solid hinged cover provided
with a rubber packing ring. The container can
be mounted on a carrier vehicle. Linkages
fasten the container to the carrier vehicle.
(Text in German)
351
-------
Street Cleaning
INT-1017
Ries, A. (Firma Adolf Ries). Attachment for
a refuse compaction device for emptying bulk
bins. Switzerland 482,598; filed Aug. 8,
1968; issued Dec. 15, 1969.

A device is mounted on an elevated platform
in front of the hopper. It consists of two
side frames connected by crossties on each
of which an angle lever is pivoted. The
lifting arms of both angle levers are con-
nected by a tie rod and terminate in pivoted
lugs; the ends of the catching arms of both
angle levers are forked. The angle levers
are rotated by a hydraulic cylinder and
piston assembly attached to a crosstie of
the side frames and to the tie rod of the
angle levers. The hydraulic cylinder is
connected by a pipeline, provided with a
control valve, with the hydraulic system
of the refuse-compacting device. Two
levers with forked ends are pivoted on
both sides of the feeding hopper. They
engage two catch pins of the cover of the
bulk bin, and raise it during the emptying
operation. (Text in German)
STREET CLEANING
INT-1018
Boyce, B. B., and W. B. Powell (B. B. Boyce,
W. B. Powell, and C. L. Blanz). Suction
street sweepers. Canada 478,407; filed Aug.
4, 1950; issued Nov. 6, 1951.

A pickup street sweeper includes a sweeper
unit with a collection box and wheeled
carriers supporting the box independent of
the other parts of the sweeper. There is
a brush in front of the box, and a pipe con-
necting the box with a suction fan. The top
of the box is perforated except where it is
connected to the pipe. Flexible curtains,
weighted on their lower ends, are secured
along the front and rear edges of the top.
The curtains and end walls of the box are
supported by the carriers so that they are
near, but do not touch, the street surface.
Dirt loosened by the brush and drawn in by
the fan enters the box through an aperture
at the right front corner where the front
curtain and the right end wall do not meet.
352
-------
1017-1020
INT-1019
Fogg, C. C., and H. P. Sinclair. Improve-
ments in or relating to road and the like
sweeping machines. Australia 147,051;
filed Sept. 26, 1949; issued June 26, 1952.

The framework of the sweeping machine sup-
ports a main rotary brush and a receptacle.
An auxiliary brush is attached to the main
brush, and is adapted to cooperate with it
to sweep dust and debris into the receptacle.
A curved parting plate prevents the entangle-
ment of the two brushes. The auxiliary brush
is secured to a stub shaft which is driven
from the shaft of the main rotary brush at
an angle which enables the gutters to be
swept. Both brushes are supported on the
framework by radial arms pivotally con-
nected to the framework and balance gear.
The vertical arms are slidably connected
to the framework; they are provided with
helical springs which enable one end of
the main rotary brush to be applied with
greater pressure than the other. A water
dispensing apparatus directs a spray into
the vehicle or onto the road. A dis-
engaging device permits the brush to be
raised when the machine is being wheeled
from one location to the next. The
receptacle has a bevelled edge both to
permit sufficient clearance from the road
and to prevent dust from being swept under
the vehicle.
INT-1020
Baum, E. (Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz A.G.).
Street cleansing machine with rotating
roller brush or rubber roller. Germany
861,707; filed Apr. 22, 1951; issued Jan.
5, 1953.
tt
The sweeper has a roller, suspended on levers,
with torsion-bar springs. The long roller
permits arrangement of a number of these
springs parallel to the axis of the roller.
The advantage of this suspension is that
»\x
'Ci,
^
f\
— ji*" -
irJZZ-jKf '_" .-,
fc=v;5---.-i .
l«U;
ir
^
XI ,- /',
! v
ff ,
h
i ._.. "> -,
___!_ rf_^. .1
i "7^^
B L.
^1
353
-------
Street Cleaning
the pressure on the roller is sufficient to
guarantee efficient sweeping, but not too much
as to damage the brushes. The arrangement of
the springs in a frame parallel to the roller
is very advantageous. A lever in the center of
the frame permits lifting of the roller. (Text
in German)
INT-1021
Dear, A. T. C. (Lewin Road Sweepers Limited).
Improvements in or relating to refuse
collecting vehicles. Great Britain 685,545;
filed Jan. 16, 1950; issued Jan. 7, 1953.

A refuse collecting vehicle with a road-
sweeping brush comprises a refuse receiving
compartment disposed at the rear of the
vehicle, a conveyor which transports the
refuse to the compartment, and a refuse dis-
charge opening at its lower rear end. Refuse
is projected forward from the underside of
the rotary brush to a helical conveyor, and
then to the lower end of an endless elevator
belt which transports it to an opening at
the upper end of the refuse receiving com-
partment. The floor of the latter slopes
downward so the refuse falls gravitationally
to the bottom rear end of the compartment
while the vehicle is moving forward. A
hinged door, which is separated by a pair
of hydraulic arms, is located on the roof
of the receiving compartment and can be opened
to allow refuse to be discharged by gravity.
A water tank has discharge nozzles spaced
transversely behind the sweeping brush to
control dust. Operating power is supplied
by the engine of the vehicle, and operations
are controlled from the cab compartment.
(See also Great Britain 589,947 and 685,547
and Australia 153,444)
INT-1022
Heigert, J., and H. Schwarzkopt (M. Streicher).
Method for automatic removal of street dirt and
street cleansing vehicle. Germany 925,777;
filed Sept. 26, 1952; issued Mar. 28, 1955.
1
Street dirt is removed by a vehicle equipped
with a sprinkling system, a sweeper, an
exhauster, a dirt collection container,
fliters,and discharging equipment. The street
354
-------
1021-1024
dirt is wetted, loosened from the pavement
and the curb, swept into the exhauster current,
and transported into the collection container.
The exhauster separates the heavy, sticky
particles from the lighter, coarser particles
of the street dirt. The remaining dust which
is not sufficiently wetted is retained in a
filter and separately collected. The dust
remover consists of a roller with brushes
mounted on springs and is enclosed by a casing.
The exhaustion funnel of this remover has a
rectangular cross section. It ends in a shovel
which cooperates with the brushes. The tube
to the collection container is straight and has
an extremely smooth surface to avoid in-
crustation of the wet dust and dirt. The
dust remover can be lifted from the ground
to drive to the discharge site. The rota-
ting brush for cleaning the curbs is
mounted in the front of the truck, and
is visible to the driver. (Text in German)
INT-1023
(K. H. Schmidt). Shovel for automatic sweeper.
Germany 936,045; filed Dec. 17, 1952; issued
Dec. 1, 1955.

This shovel has a rubbish collecting end which
can be adjusted so the distance of the shovel
from the pavement is greater in the middle
than on the sides. The shovel can be attached
to the conveyor chute of any street sweeper.
In the low position, the shovel can pick up
dust; in the higher position,fallen leaves,
branches, paper, etc. can be picked up. (See
also Germany 1,159,484) (Text in German)
!^S7
5 <
INT-1024
Holtom, 0. G. (Lewin Road Sweepers Limited).
Improvements in or related to sweeping
machines for use in sweeping road and other
surfaces. Great Britain 744,065; filed Apr.
2, 1953; issued Feb. 1, 1956.
Improvements in this sweeping machine feature
a detachable refuse container. The entire
weight of the container and its contents is
supported by its ground-engaging wheels. In
the sweeping position, these wheels are all
completely clear of the ground. However, it
is possible that in the sweeping position,
one or more of the wheels may be arranged to
engage with the ground to partially support
the weight of the container and its contents.
In this case, the wheels would preferably be
10
17 H4 30 21 )6
355
-------
Street Cleaning

constructed as castor wheels. An arrangement
is provided whereby the container can be
removed from the machine by wheeling it
along the ground in a direction transverse
to the length of the machine.
INT-1025
Link, C. T. (Elgin Sweeper Company). Street
sweeping machine. Canada 530,798; filed
Sept. 21, 1951; issued Sept. 25, 1956.
102
A method of compacting sweepings in the dirt
box of a street sweeping machine involves
periodically pushing'the dirt from the
mouth of the dirt box toward a remote portion
of the box. A reciprocally mounted ram travels
back and forth between a position at the mouth
of the dirt box and a position as close to a
thrust wall as the material in the chamber
permits. This motion compresses the sweepings
into a mass which may be discharged by the
ram through a dumping door in the dirt box.
INT-1026
Von Arx, P. (Paul von Arx and Company A.G.).
Street cleansing machine. Switzerland 322,914;
filed Jan. 12, 1954; issued July 15, 1957.

The multipurpose street cleaning machine con-
sists of a horizontal axis with parallel
shafts. The shafts are connected to a control
device which causes them to rotate about their
own axis while they rotate around the horizon-
tal axis. A shovel in the vicinity of the
rotating shafts transports the material into
a charging box with a screw conveyor. The
horizontal axis also has two discs, one on each
side, which rotate with the axis, and which
are connected to each other by four shafts.
The horizontal axis, lateral discs, and con-
necting shafts form a cage, driven by a bevel
gear wheel, which combs through a spur bevel
gear. The shovel can be replaced by brushes
to remove fallen leaves from the street. The
device can be attached to a motor vehicle,
or it can be used autonomously. (Text in
German)
INT-1027
Horn, H. (Konrad Peter A.G.). Street sweeper.
Switzerland 329,289; filed Jan. 9, 1958;
issued Apr. 30, 1958.

A conventional truck with a closed dust con-
tainer for rubbish is equipped with two
cylindrical brushes which rotate about a
horizontal axis. The brushes are broader than
the front wheels that follow them. The axes
are connected to a gear which is, in turn,
connected to another gear by way of a Cardan
shaft. The rotation of the brushes moves dust
and dirt toward the center, between the two
wheels, so that the wheels do not drive over
it. The dirt is collected between the front
and rear wheels, where there is a second
356
-------
sweeper with one cylindrical brush. This brush
is as broad as the vehicle and is connected
with a blower, which creates a slight vacuum.
The front brushes can be lifted up and down
as desired; they can also be switched off.
Either a vehicle engine, or a separate combus-
tion engine, or electric motor can drive the
brushes. (See also Switzerland 329,662) (Text
in German)
10
1025-1029
to sweep up debris into a collection chamber.
A hollow cover extends across the upper side
of the collection chamber, and opens to provide
access to the interior of the chamber. The
lower portion of the cover carries a filter
which extends across the major portion of the
cover and separates the interior of the cover
from the debris-receiving chamber. A blower
exerts suction on the interior of the cover
above the filter which is removable when the
cover is open. The chamber and filter are
mounted to swing into two positions, one for
receiving debris, and one for dumping the
debris. A flexible tube connects the interior
of the cover to either the suction or discharge
side of the blower.
INT-1028
Newport, J. L. (Wayne Manufacturing Company).
Industrial sweeping machine. Canada 591,163;
filed Nov. 26, 1956; issued Jan. 19, 1960.

This sweeper consists of a gasoline-driven motor
vehicle carrying a power-driven rotary brush
INT-1029
Gray, R. F. C. (Johnston Brothers Engineering
Limited). Improvements in or relating to
suction refuse collecting vehicles. Great
Britain 852,853; filed Mar. 27, 1958; issued
Nov. 2, 1960.

This machine is designed to gather, in addition
to usual debris, wet materials such as snow,
leaves, and paper, without clogging the suction
mechanism. The complete assembly comprises
a sealed, low-pressure collecting chamber and
a housing for the power source. Both are
mounted behind the driver's cab on the chassis
of a motor vehicle. A two-stage exhauster,
driven by an auxiliary engine, evacuates air
from the sealed collecting chamber. A filter
is interposed between the exhauster and the
357
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Street Cleaning
interior of the chamber. Refuse is collected
through a flexible tube running from the street
surface through a sealed opening into the col-
lection chamber. Refuse may be moistened by
a water spray mounted and driven as a part of
the general assembly. Auxiliary suction vents
can be provided at the sides of the low-pressure
chamber. Sludge is collected in a separate
tank at the base of the vehicle. Refuse is
unloaded by tilting the chamber using hydraulic
cylinders and opening a rear door. The pressure
equilibration is handled by the devices pro-
vided for this purpose. (See also Great
Britain 1 ,161 ,313)
INT-1030
Rausch, H. J., and W. Rausch (A. Bertsche).
Mobile mini-sweeper. Switzerland 353,758;
filed Oct. 14, 1957; issued Apr. 30, 1961.

This sweeper has a roller brush which throws
the dust within the casing over its top into
a dust bin. Immediately ahead of the roller
brush is a shaft; the dust produced by the
sweeping operation is sucked in by a ventilator
in the shaft. The can-shaped dust bin is
arranged in a horizontal position and is
tightly sealed to the inlet shaft. The dust
bin is brought up to a vertical position when
it is replaced by an empty bin. The sweeper
is flexibly connected to a driver's seat
behind which there is a rack for holding an
empty dust can. (Text in German)
r.-TT?-/^'1.
INT-1031
Bolssonnault, R. (Sicard, Inc.). Runway
sweeper. Canada 620,644; filed Oct. 5, 1957;
issued May 23, 1961.

A trailer type sweeping and blowing machine
simultaneously sweeps a road surface and blows
loose particles from the road. The sweeper
comprises an elongated wheeled frame having a
longitudinal axis, and a subframe, pivoted on
the wheeled frame for horizontal movement on
both sides of the axis of the frame. A hydrau-
lic mechanism is provided for pivoting the
subframe. A rotary brush has an axle mounted
in front of the subframe. A blower is mounted
on the subframe behind the rotary brush. An
air discharge duct is connected to the blower
and extends to the rear of the subframe. An
air discharge nozzle is carried by the duct
and arranged for pivotal movement in. a hori-
358
-------
1030-1034
zontal plane. Its discharge opening is
directed at a slightly downward angle. A
second hydraulic device pivots the air discharge
nozzle. An engine is mounted on the subframe
for driving the blower and rotary brush, and
for actuating the first and second hydraulic
devices. The air discharge nozzle may direct
a blast of air transversely across the entire
width of the path swept by the rotary brush.
The rotary brush has a predetermined range
of inclinations with respect to the longitudinal
axis of the wheeled frame.
INT-1032
Romaniuk, J. Vacuum type road sweeper.
Canada 631,594; filed Mar. 28, 1959; issued
Nov. 28, 1961.

A vacuum type road sweeper is adapted to be
mounted on the bumper of a motor vehicle. The
sweeper includes a source of power and a
vacuum tank with a drive for the tank. Several
suction, ground-engaging units are suspended
from the bumper. A device is provided to raise
and lower the units selectively in and out of
the ground-engaging position. This device has
a cross-shaft, designed to allow rotation, and
bearings, secured to and extending from the
cross shaft for each of the units. The sweeper
also has a vertical post, a sleeve which is
reciprocal on the post and secured to the units,
and shock absorbing devices surrounding the
post above and below the sleeve.
,27
INT-1033
Gregersen, C. H. (Kastrup Maskinfabrik A/S).
Street cleaning machine. Germany 1,129,979;
filed Apr. 28, 1955; issued May 24, 1962.

This street cleaning machine is equipped with
a system of two or more brushes rotating about
horizontal axes, and coupled to one another
through universal joints. The universal joints
and the end bearings are interconnected through
a compensation lever system. The arm lengths
of this system are determined by the weight
and length of the individual rotary brushes.
(Text in German)
INT-1034
Dear, A. T. C., and K. L. Merther (Lewin
Road Sweepers Limited). Road sweeping
machines. Canada 651,451; filed Feb. 28,
1958; issued Oct. 30, 1962.

Hydraulic pressure is used to control the
sweeping pressures of road sweeping brushes.
A hydraulic pressure relief valve, located in
the cab of the vehicle and hydraulically
connected to the hydraulic pressure means, is
controllable by the operator of the vehicle.
This valve is capable of regulating the
sweeping pressures exerted by the brushes. A
vertically arranged brush, in addition to the
horizontal brushes, is provided for sweeping
the gutter. There are two hydraulic circuits:
359
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Street Cleaning
one controls the horizontal brushes and one
controls the vertical gutter brush. The
circuits are able to exert pressure to lift
the brushes when the vehicle is not sweeping.
(See also Australia 223,142)
Vr
INT-1035
Yamamoto, T. (Yokoyama Kogyo K.K.). Treatment
of municipal trash by sanitation truck. Japan
39-11,123; filed Feb. 19, 1963; issued June 19,
1964.

This sanitation truck automatically scavenges
the streets and incinerates the collected
trash while moving over its route. A trash
suction pipe under the front bumper has a
flexible suction port unit. The suction pipe
leads to the separator where the sucked in
trash and dust are collected. These are fed
through the bottom of the separator into the
crusher. The crushed trash is then transported
by air to the incinerator. Ash produced by
the incineration falls into the ash retainer
tank under the truck chassis. The suction for
pulling trash into the system and transporting
it from the suction port to the incinerator
is generated by the force of an air pump.
High-temperature exhaust gas emitted from the
incinerator is also drawn into the dust col-
lector by the air pump. The separator,
crusher, and suction pipe are all provided
with a covering so the exhaust gas can flow
through the hollow space formed between the
external surface of the pipe, or through the
casing and the inner surface of the covering.
The exhaust gas, after leaving the dust col-
lector, is channeled into the hot gas pipe.
This pipe heats the separator, the crusher,
and the suction pipe to prevent them from
becoming clogged with moist dust. The final
exhaust gas is collected in a wet dust
collector, where it is scrubbed with water
for purification. It is then discharged from
the wet dust collector. (Text in Japanese)
J \ \ ** />—sj\..
* "(5)'
INT-1036
Kolenda, Y. A., A. T. Drozdov, V. V.
Protsenko, and A. I. Mikhaylov. Machine
for removal of water and rubbish from the
surface of pavements. U.S.S.R. 165,189;
filed Aug. 31, 1962; issued Sept. 23, 1964.
6
This machine is mounted on an automobile
trailer and includes: a suction nozzle; an
air hose; a cyclone; a water tank; an air duct;
5 4 J 2
J
360
-------
1035-1038
a fan; a water pump connected to the suction
nozzle and to the water tank; and a power unit.
In operation, the nozzle rolls on the water-
covered pavement sucking in an air-water-rubbish
mixture at a speed of 100 m per second. The
mixture travels through the air hose to the
cyclone; the dirt and debris drop into a water
tank. Air flows through the air duct and the
vacuum tank to the intake side of the fan.
The water tank can be emptied, while it is
stationary or while in motion, through the
water-outlet valves. When the depth of the
sediment layer reaches 10 cm, the sediment
covers the outlet-valve openings and must be
removed from the tank through hatches. (Text
in Russian)
INT-1037
Bershteyn, M. Y., and Y. M. Bukreyev
(Experimental-Design Bureau of the Welfare
Administration of the City of Moscow).
Machine for mechanized sweeping and cleaning
of road and similar coverings. U.S.S.R.
171,879; filed Feb. 25, 1964; issued June
22, 1965.

A street sweeping and cleaning machine includes:
a self-propelled chassis, two rotary brushes,
a double-walled brush cowling, a pressure-and-
suction blower, a collecting tank, a cyclone,
and an air filter. In operation, the rotating
brushes direct the sweepings to the suction
nozzle. These sweepings are carried by the
air through the air duct into the collecting
tank where they settle due to a sharp drop in
air speed. Air flows to the cyclone, then
enters the blower. From the blower, air is
discharged into the atmosphere through the
si i 7
intervening air filter. A large portion of
this air is directed into the working area of
the brushes through the edges of the cowling.
The inward blast from both edges pushes the
sweepings toward the suction nozzle and creates
a protective zone preventing dust from escaping
from under the brush cowling. (Text in Russian)
INT-1038
Voelstad, S. Street sweeping machine. Canada
724,840; filed Oct. 12, 1962; issued Jan. 4,
1966.

A street-sweeping machine is adapted for
mounting on the lift arms of, and for propul-
sion by, an automotive vehicle. This vehicle
has top, front, rear, and sidewalls forming
a unitary, open-bottom casing. The lower edges
of this casing lie in a normally horizontal
plane. A rotary brush is journalled in the
casing, between the sidewalls and the adjacent
rear wall, for rotation about a normally
horizontal axis. A pan is mounted in the
casing between the sidewalls, and between
the brush and front wall. This pan pivots
about a second axis parallel with the first
axis and adjacent plane, from one position in
the plane to a second position normal to it.
A latch located on the front wall can releas-
ably hold the pan in its first position. A
mechanism on the casing can release the latch
from its holding position to move the pan
into its second position.
1119 17 8 7
!3
361
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Street Cleaning
INT-1039
Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company,
Inc.)- Street cleaning apparatus. Canada
758,742; filed Feb. 24, 1965; issued May
16, 1967.

This self-propelled street cleaning vehicle
includes a debris windrower whose vertical
rear wall has a discharge opening in its
lower portion, and a pair of vertical sidewalls
which diverge forward from the rear wall. The
windrower is linked with the front end of the
vehicle in a way which permits its vertical
movement. A device located at the lower edge
of the sidewalls contacts the area being trav-
ersed. The debris in the area is formed into
a windrow by the sidewalls and passes through
the discharge opening at a width and height
determined by the size of the opening. In
front of the rear wall of the windrower and
above the discharge opening is an agitator
which insures the continuous discharge of the
material through the opening. This vehicle
sweeps the traversed area and can closely
follow undulating contours of the street. The
debris is picked up before it is run over by
the wheels; then it is compressed.
INT-1040
Rettinger, L., and H. Hess (K. H. Schmidt).
Road sweeper. Germany 1,256,242; filed
July 29, 1960; issued Dec. 14, 1967.
11 10 40',-H1
« r'n s « 3
60 fto 7a
362
-------
1039-1043
This road sweeper has a vacuum unit. The
fan of this vacuum unit draws dust out of
the collector vessel and conveys it to a
separate light collector and dust extraction
unit. The dust-containing air is sprayed
with water. The light collector and dust
extraction unit forms a removable rear or
side cover for the main collector vessel.
(See also Germany 1,256,241) (Text in German)
INT-1041
Peabody, R. C. (G.H. Tennant Company). Power
sweeper. Canada 777,445; filed Aug. 27, 1962;
issued Feb. 6, 1968.

A dry-type power sweeper has provisions for
controlling dust and is capable of being
readily converted into a mobile vehicle of
general utility. This conversion can be
accomplished by removing certain components
which are especially adapted for the sweeping
operation. The debris and dust collection
chamber can be readily detached for dumping,
for substitution of additional equipment, or
for servicing. The mobile, maneuverable
vehicle contains a sweeping compartment which
is closed except for a bottom brush, an
ejection opening, a suction device, and a
debris collection pan and filter.
INT-1042
Noels, K. Street sweeper. Switzerland
452,570; filed Feb. 21, 1966; issued Mar.
15, 1968.

This modified version of a street sweeper
incorporates a driven rotary brush, mounted
in a frame transversely to the direction of
motion of the vehicle. The brush consists
of two roller brushes whose axes are coupled
by a universal joint and form an obtuse angle
with each other. In operation, both brushes
sweep litter toward their common plane of
symmetry. The frame carrying the brushes is
joined to the main frame of the vehicle by a
transverse supporting link pivoted at both
ends on pins whose axes are parallel to the
direction of motion of the vehicle. The
roller brush assembly is capable of adapting
its angular position to the slope of the
street surface. (See also Switzerland
452,571) (Text in German)
INT-1043
Lust, W. (La e Limited). Street cleaning
machine. Ge.many 1,268,170; filed Dec. 5,
1962; issued May 16, 1968.

A street cleaning machine has a suction nozzle
into and through which the debris is drawn.
\\N\\\\\\\\\\X X^ N *
I I 7 '\ >
17 K 4 II M S
To maintain a substantially constant suction
effect on the debris being picked up, the
nozzle unit is provided with a forwardly
extending frame. Mounted on this frame is a
shutter which regulates the air drawn into
363
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Street Cleaning
the nozzle unit inlet. The nozzle unit may
be supported beneath the machine body by a
linkage system, which allows the unit to be
raised when not in use. (See also Great
Britain 970,675) (Text in German)
INT-1044
Herrmann, R. (Keller and Knappich G.m.b.H.).
Street sweeping machine. Germany 1,272,327;
filed June 9, 1967; issued July 11, 1968.

This street sweeping machine operates in a
self-contained manner under reduced pressure.
It has a plate-shaped broom which pivots
about a perpendicular axis in the longitudinal
center plane. There is a suction tube which
serves as the pivot arm and holder for two
counterrotating brooms, mounted on a hollow
pivot connection leading to a suction chamber,
and projecting from the top of this. Via a
rotating attachment and drive mechanism, the
suction arm can be pivoted around the vehicle
front during cleaning travel. (Text in German)
It
by a separate hydraulic motor, with which is
associated a suction nozzle. (Text in German)
INT-1045
Stephan, L. (Firma Adolf Ries). Street
cleaning equipment. Germany 1,281,472; filed
Apr. 11, 1964; issued Oct. 31, 1968.

A tractor-attached street cleaning machine,
designed for narrow passageways, has several
brooms and a receptacle for sweepings. A
support beam is attached to the front of the
vehicle; this beam carries a rectangular frame
composed of support bars and a front beam,
capable of rising and falling. A support
wheel is located at the center of the front
beam and circular brooms are suspended at the
front. The machine is driven hydraulically
and connected by a horizontal linked shaft.
Bevel gearing is between each broom and its
drive. A roller broom, in the frame behind
the circular broom, is driven by the same or
INT-1046
Hirt, W. (A. Schmidt). Device on street
cleansing trucks for cleaning the guard
rails along highways. Switzerland 468,528;
filed Oct. 18, 1966; issued Feb. 15, 1969.

A device, consisting of two rotatable brushes
and a sprayer for the cleaning liquid, can be
attached to a truck for cleaning the guard
rails along highways. The brushes rotate
around their longitudinal axes. The space
between them is at least as long as their diam-
8 6
7
v/v>w«^vy v^rv>\^A.3tw
16
364
-------
eter. The brushes can also move about their
vertical axes. They sit on a transmission
rope and the parallel axes can be adjusted
by this rope. The spraying device is installed
between the two axes and can be moved with the
1044-1049
brushes. The brushes are rotated via the
power take-off of the truck. A supporting
wheel is installed. A guiding rod is used to
bring the truck into proper position for
the cleansing operation. (Text in German)
INT-1047
Tamny, S. (Wayne Manufacturing Company).
Sweeper gutter broom suspension. Canada
807,871; filed Mar. 7, 1966; issued Mar. 11,
1969.

This sweeper gutter broom mounting gives the
broom and its carrier arm the capability of
moving downward and laterally. The mechanism,
which is used to elevate the brush, has a
single power unit. When the power mechanism
is disengaged, the assembly is released for
gravity movement to a sweeping position. A
single spring applies lifting force to the
carrier, and provides variable ground pressure
and a flexibly restrained outer sweeping
position.
,
IIMT-1048
Krier, K. N., and R. C. Peabody (G. H.
Tennant Company). Sweeper with dust filters.
Germany 1,292,151; filed Sept. 10, 1962;
issued Apr. 10, 1969.

This moving, sweeping device sucks dust from
NNXX\\\\\\\\\ \\Y\\\ Y\\\\>
the brush housing. Dust-laden air flows
through a filter chamber which is equipped
with suspended vibrating filters. The hollow
open-top units of filter strand material divide
the chamber. These units are spaced and sus-
pended lateral to the direction in which the
vehicle travels. (Text in German)
INT-1049
Trippel, W. (Rapid Maschinen und Fahrzeuge
A.G.). Suction head for sucking away
sweepings by means of recirculated air.
Switzerland 476,167; filed May 22, 1968;
issued July 31, 1969.

This device consists of a vertical suction duct,
leading to the dust separator of the vehicle,
and terminating in a suction orifice and plenum
chamber surrounding the suction duct. The
suction duct is connected by a pressure duct
with the blower supplying it with the cleaned
air from the dust separator. It is provided
at its lower end with an annular blast aperture
surrounding the suction orifice. The width
365
-------
Street Cleaning
of the annular aperture can be changed and/or
made to vary along its circumference. The
variation of its width serves to compensate
for the effect of the linear motion of the
suction heat relative to the surface to be
cleaned, without tilting the suction head with
respect to that surface. This tilting is
commonly found in existing welded monolithic
designs. (See also Switzerland 476,628 and
476,128) (Text in German)
IIMT-1050
Prescott, E. F. (Elgin Sweeper Company).
Hopper lock for a street sweeper. Canada
825,360; filed Jan. 10, 1964; issued Oct.
21, 1969.

This street sweeper prevents the accidental
spillage of sweepings. Within the sweeper
housing there is a dirt box and a means for
depositing dirt in the box. The covering on
the box can be automatically opened and closed.
Sweepings, therefore, are not released onto
the pavement before the sweeper can be
unloaded.
INT-1051
Beyerstedt, R. L. (Elgin Sweeper Company).
Street sweeper. Canada 826,356; filed
Apr. 26, 1965; issued Nov. 4, 1969.

This street sweeper picks up dirt from the
street rather than merely brushing the dirt
aside. Dirt is gathered at street level and
conveyed to a dust box located on the front
portion of the vehicle body. A boom controls
the movement of the dust box for collecting
and dumping purposes. A split, or duplicated,
elevator mechanism transports dirt to the
collection box. Since the vehicle's drive
shaft passes between the parts of the elevator
mechanism, a conventional truck-type differ-
ential and axle drive the elevator mechanism
without additional gear boxes. A single motor
powers the sweeper, drives the brushes, and
runs the elevator mechanism. This street
sweeper may be equipped with duplicate driver's
seats, steering wheels, clutch, and brake
pedals for operation of the sweeper from
either side.
INT-1052
(Asbrink Eiker Aktiebolag). Improvements
in or relating to sweeping machines. Great
Britain 1,172,630; filed May 21, 1968;
issued Dec. 3, 1969.

This sweeping machine has a vertically adjust-
able support arm for the rotatable sweeping
brush, A balancing force counteracts the
prevailing weight of the support assembly and
366
-------
1050-1056
the brush. A balancing piston, which is
located within a hydraulic cylinder, provides
the means for automatically changing the
balancing forces. The brush follows irregu-
larities of the sweep surface, and is kept
under a constant pressure. The pressure can
be adjusted to the wear of the brush, with
the use of simple mechanical devices.
TRANSPORT
INT-1053
Westphal, E. Small water vehicle, for example,
a barge for solid material. Germany 809,041;
filed Aug. 14, 1949; issued July 23, 1951.

A barge for the transport of solid material,
such as refuse, is shaped like a tube and is
open on top. The cross section of the barge
is circular or elliptical. The main feature
of the barge is the smooth inside wall,
designed so material can be easily unloaded
by a grab crane. The navigation cabin rises
just slightly above the highest point of the
barge. The overhanging rim is broad enough
to walk on. (Text in German)
* 7^»
chassis. In the interior, a shaft that can
be rotated by power transmission crosses
the container lengthwise. It can be arranged
either in the center or ecentrically• Per-
pendicular to the shaft are blades for shredding
and mixing the refuse. The container has
several inlets which are closed by flaps. It
can be tipped by an automatic tilting mech-
anism and is emptied by opening the rear wall.
(Text in German)
INT 1055
Wunsch, W. (Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft).
Procedure for the transport of solid or
viscous substances by conduits. Germany
1,098,445; filed Oct. 15, 1959; issued Jan.
26, 1961.

A procedure for the transport of solid or
viscous substances in conduits by means
of a liquid agent is provided. This agent
must vaporize, at least at the end of the
conduit, where it is under the influence
of the temperature and pressure conditions
in that part. At the beginning of the conduit,
this agent may be liquefied by compression
and/or can be kept liquid by compression
until toward the end of the pipeline, where
it is transformed into gas by means of expan-
sion, and separated from the remaining con-
tents. This agent is then led back into
the pipeline at the beginning of a special
duct for this purpose, and is converted from
its gaseous form to a liquid. (Text in
German)
INT-1054
(G. H. P. J. Lund, and 0. C. G. Galsoee).
Vehicle for transportation of refuse.
Switzerland 294,272; filed May 23, 1951;
issued Nov. 15, 1953.

A vehicle for refuse transportation consists
of a cylindrical container mounted on a
INT-1056
Tapp, E. T. J., and D. Walker (Walkers and
County Cars Limited). Improvements in or
relating to vehicles for transporting refuse.
Great Britain 967,172; filed Apr. 8, 1960;
issued Aug. 19, 1964.

A vehicle transports refuse or other fragmen-
tary material, which is compressed at a loading
367
-------
Transport
station, and then ejected into a container on
the vehicle. The compressed refuse may be
discharged through the opening at the rear of
the container by a piston, which is moved to
the rear from a forward position by a hydraulic
ram or by a cable mechanism. In order that
the piston take up as little room as possible
in the container, it must have a comparatively
small axial thickness. However, there is a
tendency for the piston to tilt while being
moved. To alleviate this problem, the main
piston part is provided with a supplementary
portion, which lies on the side of the main
piston which is nearest the front of the
vehicle. The supplementary part may extend
axially from the main piston part and engage a
guiding surface on the container. An alterna-
tive method involves a separate guide which
is slideable along the container and has a
hole through which the piston rod extends.
The piston rod is fixed to the main piston
part to impart movement to the main part. The
separate guide is retained at the front of
the vehicle until the main piston part has
moved a predetermined distance toward the rear
of the vehicle. Then the separate guide moves
with the main piston. Another arrangement
involves a supplementary piston part composed
of a shoe on a bracket fixed to the underside
face of the piston, close to the front of the
vehicle. The shoe is formed with a guide
passage through which a guide rail extends
from the container. The guide rail also
extends through a slot in the piston.
INT-1057
Mishchenko, V. I., and A. P. Likhoradov. Body
of gondola for transportation of hot scrap.
U.S.S.R. 147,136; filed Mar. 13, 1961; issued
Sept. 14, 1967.

The gondola body consists of a framework
formed from U-shaped segments and steel plates.
The horizontal portions of the U-shaped seg-
ments are welded along half their length to
the bottom frame of the gondola. Each of the
steel plates covers two adjoining gaps
between the upright channels of three consecu-
tive U-shaped segments. The upright segment
of every U-shaped frame is provided with
outwards-facing stiffener ribs. The top edge
of the gondola body is formed of lengths of
bar stock. The design provides free thermal
expansion of its structural elements. (Text
in Russian)
INT-1058
Wuethrich, F. Von Roll A.G. Traveling crane,
particularly for refuse incineration plants.
Switzerland 463,742; filed Oct. 3, 1967;
issued Oct. 15, 1968.

The wheels of both the crane bridge and the
travelling crab are provided, on their circum-
ference, with an elastic tire. Both crane-
bridge rails are made of U-section steel beams
placed sideways, with their webs facing
inward. Both end trolleys of the crane bridge,
as well as both sides of the travelling crab,
are equipped with a pair of guide rollers
rotating about vertical axes. Each guide roller
has an elastic tire on its circumference. The
guide rollers of the crane bridge run on the
vertically inward-facing sides of the U-section
webs. Also, both travelling-crab rails are
made of U-section steel beams placed in the
same manner as above, and the guide rollers
run on these in the same manner. The elastic
tires may be solid or pneumatic tires, and may
be made of rubber. (Text in German)

2'
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25' 6""
INT-1059
Wolfe, S.E. Method and apparatus for trans-
porting slurries. Great Britain 1,139,889;
filed March 7, 1966; issued Jan. 15, 1969.

A method for the transportation of a liquid-
solid slurry through a pipeline is provided.
368
-------
1057-lOb]
The use of helical ribs within the pipeline
minimizes the disadvantages of conventional
systems which require high flow velocities,
and suffer from the settling of solid consti-
tuents at the bottom of the pipeline. A
layer of slurry is continuously rotated by a
helical rib having a linear spacing of not
more than 16 cm along the pipeline and an angle
35 to 60 degrees relative to the longitudinal
axis of the pipeline, and projecting inward
from the wall of the pipe into the slurry at
least 0.9 cm to 1.2 cm for a pipe greater than
15 cm in diameter.
INT-1060
Kitaoka, E. (Dainichi Dottesu Company). Cut
iron transporting device in the iron cutting
equipment. Japan 44-7,604; filed July 8,
1965; issued Apr. 10, 1969.

A device facilitating the supply of old iron
pieces and ejection of scraps after cutting
has a special steel cutting blade with a
triangular column. This column operated by
an oil pressure cylinder which is stabilized
on a suitable anvil on top of the machine.
Several sprocket wheels on the framework
operate the endless chain which passes the
cutting table. Two boards, one for supplying
and the other for ejecting, are within the
rotating range of the chain. When an old
engine block to be cut is placed on the
supplying board, the block glides upward;
when it comes to the cutting table, the chain
stops circling. The blade cuts the block,
and the pieces are pushed out by the ejection
board as the chain starts to circle again.
If the supplying board and ejecting board are
in the way when the block is being cut, the
chain can be turned backward so the boards
will recede from the cutting table. The
cutting capacity per unit of time is greatly
increased by this setup. (Text in Japanese)
INT-1061
(Keller and Knappich G.m.b.H.). A refuse
transporting vehicle. Great Britain
1,151,120; filed Dec. 5, 1967; issued Apr.
30, 1969.

The refuse container of this transporting
vehicle is adapted to be loaded from above.
The container is a drum, rotatable about an
axis extending substantially in the longitudinal
direction of the vehicle. The open-end face
of the drum communicates with a charging hopper
mounted on the chassis. The wall of the hopper
opposite the open-end face of the drum is to
be discharged. The hopper is offset eccentric-
ally to the drum axis at the side at which the
drum surface rotates downward during charging.
The refuse container can be loaded directly
from conventional refuse collecting trucks.
In this way the refuse from a number of smaller
conventional refuse collection vehicles can be
transported to remote tips or incinerating
plants, thus preventing collection trucks from
having excessive idle periods.
369
-------
ASSIGNEE INDEX
IiMr-()b7'4
AJiUu,"OT(J CO. »
ALuEnl COKPOUATIOixl
luT-lOOS
ALoITIdl POrtER AND PAPER CO.r LTu.
lNl-G79b
ALI-A-LMVAL AM"IEuOLAb
Inr-G0.5<4» liH-O^hO
ALLlEb METAL., LTu.
Iu1-04hl
AcL-oMOU 'jClLiniFlC-KLSLAIvCH ANU ,_Xt'KK IWLi iTAL-DLSIGrj INSTITUTE
Of MUNICIPAL MACHINL COuSl RUv.TIO:J U . S . b . K .
1
SCIENTIFIC iJEit_A.\CH MjTiTUTL OF li lOSYt^THFblS OF
SCIhtniFIC-KESLAtxCn ItiSTITuTL OF TlC HYuKOLYSIS
PuAUT MATt RiALS
ALL-ONIOl! SClLNTIF IC-KESLAt INT-0485
AMERICAN SHIP UUILLlNu CO.
IuT-0500
AMtRICAN SMLLTIfJG AfJD REFINlNo CO.
INT-U74U
AHfllOHY CO.
iNl-OObl
APLLf INUUSTHIEOFLNHAU G.M.B.H.
AP^TnEKERNES LABORATORHM f OR SPECi ALPRAEPARATER AKTlESFLSKAPET
L.T-0902
A.H.V. C0.» LTD.
IiMl-Cl7fa7
STEEL CORP.
AKMl.vi TENNER KOMMANUITGE-jELLStHAFT
Iia-OOSb
AS/*HI i-sASI.I KOfaYO K.K.
370
-------
Assignee Index
I H-0712
LIKth AKTICBULAG
IuT-1052
ASCHAFFENBUkotR ZELLSTOFh WL RKL ARTIENGESELLSCHAFT
IhT-l<722
ASHEC. INC.
MLTAL INDUSTRIES
bAuCi,CK HITACHI CO.
Inl-0470
BAbCuC^ AND wJLCOX LTD.
INT-0320* il-JT-0401
iC AML1U- UUD SObM-i ABHIK AKTlLNGLbLLLSCH/\h T
INC.

BATEb VENTIL bAEKKE CO.r A/S
Iia-U994
BELOIT COHPOHATION
IiJI-087b
bEIEILIGUNGb- UNU I'ATLlJTVEKWALTUNGS
BIKD MACHINE CO.
IuT-09^7
LiIbCHuFF-wLkhL K.6.
uJOEKKLDNiD AUu VEDlN N.V.
BLACK-CLAif.i,0!\i CO.
Ii4T-ua29
BObTOM WOVEN HOSE AND RUtMLK CO.
AND CO.
I.H-U321
BRITISH CELANESE LTU.
INT-U728
H COPPEK REFINERS LT.. .
BRITISH GLUES AND CHEMICALS LTD.
L'JT-OBbL/
BRITISH IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
IUT-07^o
URITISH ORGANIC PRODUCTS LTD.
BROWN AKTIENbtSELLSCHAFT
INT-0321
BROWN AND ROOT INC.
IuT-0010
BUILDItJG PRODUCTS LTU.
INT-0759
BURN-ZOL CC.
iNr-0350
BUKOMA BUROMASCHINENVERTRIEUS-G.M.D.H.
Ii-lT-0603
CALCINATOR CORPORATION
INT-0337» INT-0357
371
-------
Assignee Index
CALDLKON AUTOMATION, INC.
INT-0766
CALDEKONI ANU VIAT
IUT-0012
CALORIFIC MANURE DISPOSAL CO.r LTD.
IiMT-0023
CAiJAUA RICE MILLS LTD.
INT-0377
CAKROSSERIE HESS A.G.
INT-0166
CELAiCSE CORP. OF AMERICA
InT-0717
CLLLECT AKTlEbOLAGET
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CO.r INC.
IN7-1039
CENTRAL PLANNING-DESlGNItJG BUREAU nO. 3
INT-Ob87
CEIMTKALNE LAbORATORIUM PR2t.MYSLU RYBNLGO
lNT-07'jl
CENTRALNY ZAKZAD PRZEMYSLY METALI laEZELA
INT-0729
CENTKALSUG A. 8.
INT-0220
CEiMTHE DE RECHERCHES UE PONT-A-MOUSSON
IN1-0821
CH«IN BELT CO.
IlMT-ObOl
CHLLYABINSK STATE INSTITUTE OF PLANNING OF METALLURGICAL
PLANTS
INT-0883
CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION COkP.
INT-0705
CHEMICALS 'EAST AFRICA' LTD.
CHLMIbCHE FABKlK A.G.
INT-0737
CHEMISCHE FABKlK GRUENAU AKTIENGESELLbCHAFT
INT-072b
CHEMOLIMPEX MAGYAR VEGYIARU KULKERESKEUELMI VALLALAT
INT-OOU3
CHtPOb ZAVODY CHEMICKEHO A POTRAVINARSKEHO STROJIRE'NSTVI»
VKNO OB OROVY PODNIK
INT-0215
CHlCHlbU CEMENT CO.r LTD.
IfMT-0668
CHRISTIANIA PORTLAND CEMENTFABRIK AKTIESELSKABET
lNT-0877
CLEVITE CORPORATION
IUT-0921
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING' INc.
INT-0366' INT-05t5
COMBUSTION ENGlNEERING-SuPt-RHEATER* INC.
INT-0001
COMPAGtJI ELECTRO-CHIMIQUE UU CENTRE
COMPANIA INMOBILIARIA Y FliMNCIERA DE LA ESCALA S.A.
372
-------
Assignee Index
!NT-020b
COMPOST ENGINEERS LTD
INT-025t» INT-0277
CONDUX-WERK. HERBERT A MuRuES K.G.
CONSOLIDATED PAPER CORPORATION LTD.
INT-ObOb
CONTAINER CORP. OF AMERICA
lNT-Obb2
CONTAINER SERVICE CO.
!NT-01b9r 1NT-0160
CONTINENTAL OIL CO.
INT-0312» INT-0313
COuKEf W.H.f LTD.
CROWN /ELLE ROACH CORP.
IMT-0757
DAIHATSU KOGYO K.K.
INT-0131
DAIMLEK-BEN2 AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
INT-0077» 1NT-0078
DAINICllI DOTTESU CO.
iNT-lObO
DAISHOwA SLISHI K.K.
IfMT-0718
DANO 1N6ENIOERFORRETNIN6 OG MASKINF- ADKlK INGENIOER KAJ
PtTtKSEN'S FOND
I^T-0272. lNT-0306r L^T-Ob29» I^T-0726
DASHLR RUBBER AND CHEMICAL CO.
IM-0041
DEIGHTON'S PATENT FLUE AND TUbE C0.» LTD.
IlMT-0613
DEMAG A.G.
DEriPSTLR BROTHERS INC.
INT-0133
DENNIS liROTHERS LTD
INT-0089* INT-01^2
DEbTKUCTOR AKTIEdOLAGET
INT-0493
DETROIT STOKER CO.
DEUTSCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTLN ^U BEKL1N
INT-0893
DEUTSCHE BABCOCK UNO WlLCOX-UAMPFKLSSEL-WERKE-AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
!NT-036b» INT-04i+i|, 1^1-0911
DEUTSCHE GOLD- UNO SILBEK- SCHEIDEANSTALT
INT-0'+08» INT-0733» Ii>JT-0827» IijT-0871*
DEUTSCHE RHODIACETA A.G.
INT-0839
DEUTSCHE SUPRATON G.M.B.H.
INT-0732
DISPOSA A.G.
INT-0436
DNIEPER TITANIUM-MAGNESIUM PLANT
INT-0857
DOMINION FOUNDRIES AND STEEL LTD.
373
-------
Assignee Index
INT-0831
DOMINION RUBBER CO.f LTD.
INT-0738
DOMINION STEEL AND COAL CORPORATION' LTD.
INT-0526
UOKR-OLIVER* INC.
!NT-09tOn INT-tma* INT-0953* INT-0973
uo*. CHEMICAL co.
INT-0780, INT-0961* IuT-09b8
DRAlSivERKE G.M.B.H.
INT-0871
DUERRWERKE A.t>.
INT-0457
DUNLOP RUUCER C0.» LTD.
IUT-0038
DU PONT DE NtMOUkb* E.I. AND CO.
INT-0813* INT-08t5» INT-0881
EAoLE ENGINEERING CO. LTD.
iNT-OOet' iNT-OOb6» INT-0070« I.jT-0165
EARBwtRKE HOECHST AKTIENOE^ELLSCHAFT
IlyT-0793
LBARA INFILCO CO.
INT-0966
EISEN UND METALL A.G.
INT-0933
EISENHUETTE PRINZ RUDOLPH AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
EISENWERK STREUUER AND LOHMANN G.M.B.H.
INT-010^» INT-0129. INT-0132> IN
INT-0184. INT-0212» INT-0987
EISENWERKE FRIED. WILH. UUEKER G.M.B.H.
INT-0429
ELtKTROKEMISK A/S
INT-0805
ELGIN bWEEPER CO.
INT-1025» INT-10bO» INT-1051
ESSO HESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CO.
INT-0028» INT-Ot77
EUHEKA VACUUM CLEANER CO.
INT-0591
EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC WELFARE ADMINISTRATION
OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW
INT-0164» INT-0175r INT-1037
FAbRICAS DE PAPIL LORETO Y PENA POURE
INT-0546
FAHRZEUGBAU HALLER G.M.B.H.
INT-0110* INT-0161, INT-0170. INT-0192.
INT-0207. INT-0211
FAKBLNFABRIKEN BAYCR AKTIENGtSELLSCHAFT
INT-OSS'*
FAKBWERKE HOLCHST AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT* VORMALS MEISTER
LUCIUb AND BRUENING
INT-0539
FEKA FABRIK FUR SPEZlALFAHRZEUGE KRAFT AND C0.» K.G.
INT-0191
FEKENTZI AND KESSLER
INT-0855
374
-------
Assignee Index
FIKMA ADOLF RIES
lNT-Ofat>7» INT-1016. INT-1017. lMT-1045
FIRMA GUSTAV SCHADE. MASCHINENF AURIK
INT-0913
FlkMA HANS J DIMMER VERFEHRENSTECHNIK
INT-0363
FIRMA HEINRICH (3RANOHOFF
INT-0989
FIKMA LICENTIA. EKMAN AND L'RUNDIN
INT-0397
FlbCHEK* GEORG* A.G.
IMT-0937
FIbOiMb FERTILISERS LTu.
IiJT-0288» INT-082b» INT-0873
FLYNN AND EMRICH CO.
INT-0475
FOREMOST MACHINE BUILDERS* INC.
Iia-0626
FOKNAX A.G.
FOHNI ED IMPIANTI INDUSTRlMLI INGG. DL BARTOLOME IS S.P.A.
IiMT-0379
FREDENHAGEN KOMMANDlTGESLLLSCnAFT
IUT-1003
FRtlGHTERS LTD.
INT-0107
FRULING GEBR.
FUJI CAR MANUFACTURING CO.. LTD.
LslT-0173
GAR WOOD INDUSTRIES. INC.
INT-0096. 1NT-0?18
GEuR. OTTO K.u.
IIJT-1014
GEbRUDER CREDE AND CO.. u.M.B.H.
INT-0197
GEdRUDLR SUL2ER. A.G.
INT-0<*19
GEuRUEDER BUEHLER A.G.
lNT-0282
GCLSKIG N.V.
INT-0187
GENERAL AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION CORPORATION
IlsiT-0965
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
INT-0602. INT-063b
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.. LTJ.
GElvlEHAL SOCIETY OF REFUSL RECOVERY LTD.
INT-026**
GENERALE THERMIQUE
GEKDES AND CO.
INT-1007
GIBSON. JOHN AND SON LTD.
INT-OOal. INT-0090. INT-0103.
GILBERT. G. AND R.» LTD.
375
-------
Assignee Index

INT-0499
GIPRONIKEL PLANNING AND bciENTiFic RESEARCH INSTITUTE U.S.S.K.
INT-0651
GLOVER* WEBB AND LIVERSIDGL LTD.
IhlT-0086. INT-0088. IiMT-OtOl
GOtTAVERKEN AKTIEBOLAGET
IN1-0479. INT-0524. IuT-0553
GOLDSCHMIDT. TH.» A.G.
INT-0776
GOODALL. W.» PROPRIETARY LTD.
INT-0610
GRUBBENS AND CO.. AKTIEBOL^G
INT-0770
GUTEHUFFNUNGSHUTTE STERKKA,j£ A.G.
IIMT-0402
HAdRAnLRK WILHELM F. OTT
IiMT-0807
HAKANiSONS INDUSTRIER AKHtBOLAGET
I,NT-0<*33
HALL. MATTHEW AND CO.. LTD.
INT-0311
HALLIBURTON CO.
INT-0316
HAHlEL AND LULG G.M.B.H.
IliT-Ot30. !NT-Ot53. INT-0916
HAKSCO CORPORATION
INT-Obl7» INT-OM9. I,JT-Obl6
HAKTZERKLEINERUNGS- U. ZLMLNT-MASCHlNENBAU- G.M.B.H.
INT-0265. INT-028t. Ii-JT-ObOt. IiJT-o623»
1NT-0628. INT-0908, lNT-09^7
HAWAIIAN DEVELOPMENT CO.. LTD.
!NT-07b7
HAZEMAG HARTZERKLElNERUNuS- UfJD ZErtENT- MAbCHlNFNUAU- G.M.U.H.
InT-0303
HEAD. WRIGHTSON AND CO.. LTD.
IHT-0256
HEtNAN AND FROUDE LTD.
INT-0223. INT-0324
HEIL CO.
INT-0062. INT-0177
HEINICKE. H.R.. G.M.B.H.
INT-0413
HILGEHS A.G.
INT-0405
HIHOPt LTD.
INT-0209
HlKAKArtA IRON WORKS
INT-0554
HITACHI. LTD.
INT-0451. 1NT-0<+70.
HOECHST FARBwERKE
INT-0699
HOLRBIGER AND CO.
INT-0097
HOKKAI TEKKOSHO
I,gT-0571
HOuFORD PROCESSES LTD.
376
-------
Assignee Index
INT-0666
HOMBAK MASCHINENFAURIK K.G.
IUT-0649
HOUILLERES DU BASSIN DE LA LOIRE
INT-07<*8
HOUILLERES DU BASSIN DU NOKD ET DU PAS-DE-CALAIS
INT-090**
HUTA SZCZECIN
INT-0823
HUTA SZKLA TECHNICZNEGO
INT-0847
HYUROMOTION ENGINEERING CO.
INT-0216
HYoAP AKTIEBOLAG
INT-1011
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES* INC.
INT-0749
INUUSTRILAbORATORIET AKTIEBOLAG
INT-0899
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINE CONSTRUCTION
INT-0856
INbTYTUT CIEZKIEJ SYNTEZY ORfaANlCZNEJ
INT-0903
INTERNATIONAL ALLOYS LTD.
INT-0466
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS AND CHEMICAL CORPORATION
INT-0516
INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO.
INT-1006
INVENTION AND DISCOVERIES COMMITTEE* COUNCIL OF MINISTERS U.S.S.R.
INT-OlUlr INT-0775» INT-0777» INT-U778
INVESTMENT TRUST
INT-0251
ISHIGAKI KIKO K.K.
lNT-0963
ISHIKAWAJIMA HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES
INT-OH86
JAPAN BREIBRICO CO.
IfMT-0503
JAPAN PLY-bRICO CO.
INT-0399
JAPAN PUBLIC SANITATION ASSOCIATION
INT-0301
JOHNSTON BROTHERS ENGINEERING LTD.
INT-1029
KAUEL- UNO METALLWERKE NEUMEYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
INT-0525
KAISER ALUMINUM AND CHEMICAL CORP.
INT-0797
KANSAI DENKI CO.
INT-0030
KANTO DENKO CO.
INT-0706
KASTRUP MASKINFABRIK A/S
INT-1033
KATO MANUFACTURING CO.
INT-0168
377
-------
Assignee Index

KA*AuA KOGYO K.K.
INT-0308
KAaASAM HEAVY INDUSTRY CO.
INT-0452» INT-0**88» IfjT-050?.
KELLER AND KNAPPICH MASCHIUENFABRIK G.M.B.H.
INT-0093. INT-0150, IHT-01b5r IUT-0205»
IlxlT-10tt» INT-1061
KEKNERATOR AND WALL BED CO. OF AUSTRALASIA 'PROPRIETARY' LTD.
INT-0332
KITAJIMA SEISAKUSHO
INT-06H5
KLOECKNER-HUM60LDT-OEUTZ A.6.
INT-0073» INT-Olltr IfMT-01^8. IUT-0176»
INT-0292» INT-0952. INT-1020
KOuE CITY
INT-0242
KOUAK LTD.
lNT-078b
KOtPP> RUDOLPH* AND CO.
INT-0737
KOMPRIMATOR A.B.
INT-063<+» INT-Ofc.37
KONGO SEISAKUSHO CO.. LTU.
INT-0094
KOURAD PETER A.G.
INT-1027
KOPPERS CO.t INC.
INT-0792. INT-0887
KRAUSS-MAFFEI AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
INT-0763
KURITA ROLLING STOCK SALES C0.» LTU.
INT-0182
KYOWA HAKKO CO.
INT-0890
LACRE LTD.
INT-10H3
LANCASTER CHEMICAL CORP.
INT-0700
LATCHFORD WIREWORKS LTD.
INT-0500
LEACH CO.
INT-0137
LEWIN ROAD SWEEPERS LTD.
INT-0068» INT-0095, INT-1021, IIJT-102t»
INT-1034
LICENTIAr EKMAN. AND BRUNDIN
INT-0456
LIGNOSOL CHEMICAL LTD.
INT-0709
LILLA EDETS PAPPERS8RUKS AKTIEBOLAo
INT-0538
LINDEMANN MASCHINENFABRIK G.M.B.H.
INT-Ob^f INT-06**8
LINK-BtLT LTD.
INT-0923
LOCA HOLDING- UNO FINANZ- G.M.B.H.
INT-06i*7
378
-------
Assignee Index
LOCKHELD AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
IiJT-03fa2
LOCOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING CO.
IlxiT-0497
LOOAL» INC.
INT-019b
LOuZKIE PRZEUSIEBIORSTWO SuROWCOW wTORNYCH
INT-0869
LObEMANN UORTHERS CO.
INT-0051' INT-OOb3
LORD MAYOR. ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF LIVERPOOL
INT-013B
LORD MAYORr ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF NOTTINGHAM
IfMT-0092
LUXAIKE1 INC.
INT-0417
MACCHlf F.» S.P.A.
INT-0153
MANNEbMANN A.&.
INT-0802
MAbCHINENBAU RUCKSTUHL ANO CO.
INT-0278
MASCHINENFABR1K AUGSBURG-NUERNBERG A.t.
MASCHINENFABKIK AUGSBURG-NUERNBERG A.G.
INT-0171. INT-0188» lNT-0190r 1NT-0193»
INT-0202» INT-0206. INT-0210
MAbCHINENFABRlK AUGSBURG-NUERNRERG AKTlENGt_bELLSCriAFT
ZwEIGNlERDERLASSUNG MUENCHEN
INT-0196
MASCHINENFABRIK BUCKAU R. A'OLF A.G.
INT-0743
MASCHINENFABRIK ESSLINGEN
IN7-0374* JNT-037b
MA^UDA KOGYO C0.» LTD.
INT-0393
MATEfJA» TOT EXPL01TEEREN V >N OCTOOIEN EN LICENTIES N.V.
INT-0711
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
INT-0307
MERCKr E.» A.G.
INT-09S6
METALLGESELLSCHAFT A.G.
INT-0046» INT-041far INT-0954» Ii^T-0962
MICHAtLlS INUUSTRIEOFENBAU KOMMANDITGESELLbCHAFT
INT-0311
MIUECO MEDITERRANEAN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ESTAbLISHMENT
INT-1013
MIDLAND SILICONES LTD.
INT-0862
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
INT-0269. INT-049a
MIxOLIT KUNSTSTOFFERZEUGEUNG G.M.B.H.
INT-0720
MONTECATINI EDISON S.P.A.
INT-0896
MOKITA POMPU TOKUSHU KOGYO K.K.
INT-0156
379
-------
Assignee Index

MOoCOw REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION SOYUZTOrtTSVLTMET
INT-0932
MOSCOW TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF LIGHT INDUSTRY
MO'oEK. E.» A.G.
INT-0199
MOlHEhhELL BRIDGE AND ENGINEERING LO., LTD.
IHT-0972
MOUNT ROYAL RICE MILLS LTD.
INT-0377
MUNKSJO AKTIEBOLAG
INT-0993
MUSTAUb FADRIKKER A/S
IUT-ObO<+
MC DONALD'S SYSTEM' INC.
IhT-lOOO
MC DOwELL. THOMAS LTD.
INT-036t
MC DOwELL-WELLMAN ENGINEERING CO.
INT-0878. INT-0900
NAbATA SL'ISAKUSHO
INT-09H9
NAKAGAwA KOGYO CO.. LTD.
!NT-05<+7
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO.
INT-0907
NAIIONAL OIL PRODUCTS CO.
lNT-D67b
NATIONAL STEEL CORPORATION
INT-0920
NATUHIN-WERK BECKER AND CO.
INT-0532
NETAM N.V.
lNT-018'j
NEWELL r ERNEST AND C0.» LTO.
INT-0922
NICHOLS ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CORP.
lNT-0320r INT-0336
NIHON 6AISHI CO.
INT-0970
NIKEX NEHE2IPARI KULKERESKEDELMI VALLALAT
INT-0787
NIPPON DENSO CO.
IHT-0191
NIPPON KIKAI KOGYO K.K.
INT-01U7
NISHI NIHON SANK! K.K.
INT-OU68
NITTO KOKOGYO CO.
IHT-0667
NORRKOLPINGS STADS STIFTtLSE HYRESBOSTADER
INT-099U
NORTH BRITISH RUBBER CO.. LTD.
INT-0039
NORTHERN-DONETS BRANCH OF THE STATt SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH ANu
DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE OK THE NITROGEN INDUSTRY AND OF
PkODUCTS OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
380
-------
Assignee Index
lHT-0099r» INT-0127»
IUT-0179* INT-0181.
lNT-0866
NORTHWESTERN RUBBER CO.
INT-0040
OCHSNERf J.i AND CO. A.G.
INT-0079» INT-0082.
INT-0148. INT-0169*
INT-0219. INT-0578
OFLNBAU-UNION G.M.B.H.
I(MT-03b3
OFFICINE VIBERTI S.P.A.
INT-0116
ONTARIO RESEARCH FOUNDATION
INT-07b5
OWLNS-CORNING FIBERGLASS CORP.
INT-0750
PAK-MOH MANUFACTURING CO.
!NT-0172r INT-0200
PAN AMERICAN PETROLEUM CORP.
INT-0544
PAPRO A.G. FUER PAPIERVERAR13EITUNG
IlMT-0582
PASSAVANT-WERKE
INT-0231
PEMBERTON AND STURGESS LTD.
PENNSALT CHEMICALS CORP.
INT-0543
PENNWALT CORP.
INT-0658
PERFOGIT SOCILTA PER AZIuNI
INT-0719
PItRRE PILLORGET SOCIETE DES PROOUITS CHIMIQUES DE SAINTE-COLUMBE
INT-0019
PLYWOOD-CHAMPION PAPERS* IMC.
INT-0906
POLYMA MASCHINENBAU DR. APPELHANS G.M.B.H.
IHT-045U
PRAE^ISIONS-APPARATtBAU A.u.
INT-0473
PRLNCO MANUFACTURING CO.
PRICE • T.r AND SON STAMPERS LTD.
INT-0572
PRODUITS CHIMIQUES DE SAINTE-COLOMdE
INT-0809
PRVNI liRNENSKA STROJlRNAr ZAVODY KLEMENTA GOTTWALDA> NARODNI PODN1K
PURIFAX* INC.
IN1-0939
QUARZLAMPEN G.M.B.H.
INT-0559
RADIATION LTD.
INT-OU72
RAPID MASCHINEN UNO FAHRZEUGE A.G.
INT-1049
RHLINSTAHL HENSCHEL A.G.
INT-0055
381
-------
Assignee Index

RHEINSTAHL HUETTENWERKE A.G.
INT-0833
RHEINSTAHL INOUSTRIE-PLANUNG G.M.B.H.
INT-0279
RIO TINTO CO., LTD.
INT-0512
ROEDIGER A.G.
INT-0950
ROMANIA INSTITUTE FOR DRILLING AND EXTRACTION RESEARCH
INT-0901
ROrONIER INC.
INT-0530
RUU. A. HARTMANN GROSS-APPARATE UNU SPEZIALMASCHINEN G.M.U.H.
AND COMPANY
INT-0570
RUHRGAS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
INT-10b5
RUHR-STICKSTOFF A.G.
INT-0236
SANDVIKENS JERNVERKS AKTIEuOLAG
INT-0663
SANKI KOGYO K.K.
INT-0296, INT-0469
SCAMMELL LORRIES LTD.
INT-0063
SCHMIDT AND MELMER
INT-0105, INT-0111, INT-0113, INT-0136
SCHMIDTSCHE HElSSOAMPr G.M.B.H.
INT-OU09
SCHUECHTERMANN AND KREMER-OAUM AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT FUER
AUFBEHEITUNG
INT-0622
SCIENCE LABORATORY
INT-0686
SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH AND DESIGN-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF CITY
MANAGEMENT AND THE O.K. 2ABOLOTNYY INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY
AND VIROLOGY
INT-0889
SCORER, A.B., LTD.
INT-0368, 1NT-0523
SCOTT, GEORGE, AND SONS, LTD.
INT-0826
SEAL-PRESS INC.
INT-0100
SEIKO DONETSU KOSETU K.K.
INT-0025
SEILER, HERMANN, LTD.
INT-0391, INT-0577
SELEC ENTERPRISES, INC.
INT-0616
SEPARATOR AKTIEBOLAGET
INT-0810
SHAW, ARTHUR AND CO., LTU.
INT-0997
SHCHELKOVO STATE CHEMICAL PLANT
INT-0533
SHEFFLEX LTD.
382
-------
Assignee Index
INT-0154» INT-0995
SHELL DEVELOPMENT CO.
INT-0506
5HLLL REFINING AND MARKETING CO.f LTD.
INT-Ob83
SHELVOKE AND DREWRY , LTD.
INT-DOS'** INT-0130» INT-0189
SHIMEILD» GEORGEf AND SONS
INT-0986
SHIN MLIWA KOGYO K«K.
INT-0222
SHUNT ITALIANA S.P.A.
SKAKO* INC.
INT-1031
SIEMAG MASCHINEN-UND STAHL,;AU NETPHEN G.M.d.H.
IiJT-0204
SIMON HANDLING ENGINEERS LTD.
INT-OZ?1** INT-0286* IUT-06tl
SKANSKA CEMENTGJUTERIET «.u.
INT-OUIO
SKUGSAGARNAS INDUSTRI AKTILBOLAG
INT-05b6
SLASKA FABRYKA MYDLA
INT-0800
SNIA VISCOSA SOCIETA NAZIONALE INOUSTRIA APPLICAZIONI
iNT-OOOb
SOCIETA AGRICOLA INDUSTRIALS TEVERE
INT-0263
SOCIETA ITALIANA LEUCITE PER AZIONI
INT-0769
SOCIETE ANONYME GENERALE THERMIQUE
SOCIETL ANONYME IMMOBILIZE CANADILNNt FRANCAISE
INT-0754
SOCIETE DES APPLICATIONS RATIONNELLES DE CONSTRUCTIONS
MLTALLIQUES tT ETUDES DE NANUTENTION
!NT-02b6
SOCIETE AUXILIAIRE DE NETTolLMENTr S.A.
INT-0258
SOCIETL EUROPLENE POUR Lt TRAITEMENT CHIMIQUE DES COMUUSTIBLES
IHRADIES EUROCHEMIC
INT-0317
SOCIETE INDUSTRIELLE DE TRANSPORTS AUTOMOBILES S.I.T.A.
INT-0174
SOLlETE SOVEL VEHICULES ELLCTRIQUEb INDUSTKIELS
INT-0183
SOcIETE DE TRAITEMENT ET SEXPLOITATION DU POISSON
IIMT-069<+
SOCIETY FRANCAISE DU
INT-0731
SOUOCO PRODUCTS CO.
LA SOUUURE AUTOGENE FRANCAISL
INT-0(*81
SOUTHLKN LIGHTWE.IGHT AGGREGATE CORP.
INT-0760
383
-------
Assignee Index
SPECTRA INTERNATIONAL. INC.
INT-0936
SUEDDEUTSCHE BAUSTOFFE 6.M.B.H.
IHT-0693
SVLNSKA METALLVERKENS UGNS AKTIEUOLAG
INT-0565
SVLNSKA TAENDSTICKS A.B.
INT-0806
SVlT. NARODNI PODNIK
!NT-069b
SYZRAN COMBINE PLANT
INT-0029
STADT DUESSELuORF
INT-0373
STANDARD PRODUCTS CO.
INT-0305
STATENS SKOGSINOUSTRIER AKTIEBGLAGuT
INT-0713
STE AME DES ETABLISSEMENTS N.E.U.
INT-0549
STERLING DRUG INC.
INT-0513. INT-0947. IUT-097t» IKiT-0975
STOKA-HOL2FASERPLATTEN 6.M.B.H.
INT-0701
STRATEGIC PATENTS LTD.
INT-0879
TALK DEVELOPMENTS LTD.
INT-1012
TAOI SEIHIJO CO.
INT-07
-------
Assignee Index
TRLCKMANN. PAUL AND CO.
INT-0260» INT-0928
TRLLLEbORGS GUMMIFABRIKS AKTIEBOLAG
INT-0971
TRICERRI* R., AND SON
INT-0692
TRUE FLUE LTu.
INT-0996. INT-1009
TSUKISHIMA MACHINE MANUFACTURING CO.
INT-0487
ULTREX-CHEMIE G.M.B.H.
IUT-08<+9
UNITED STATES RUBBER CO.
lNT-OQi+2
UNITED STATES RUBBER RECLAIMING CO.. INC.
INT-076**
URAL SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH AND PLANNING INSTITUTE OF THE
COPPER INDUSTRY AND THE EREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY
INT-0861
URtilOCHlMICA- S.P.A.
IiJT-02i*9
URbA HEAVY INDUSTRY CO.
INT-0221
VEU SPEZIALPAPIERFABRIK NIEDERSCHLAG
IiJT-0766
VEiMCORE VENEERS PROPRIETARY LTD.
INT-06B5
VEHElNlGTE KESSELWERKL A.G.
INT-0358. !NT-Ot25» lNT-Otb5
VEKEINIGUNG VOLKSEIGENER BETRIEBE 3ETON
INT-0863
VICTOR PRODUCTS WALLSEND LTD.
voiTH> J.M.» G.M.B.H.
IhT-0812
VOITH MULLEX G.M.B.H.
INT-0636
VOLUNU AKTIESELSKABET
INT-0478
VON ARXr PAUL* AND C0.» A.G.
INT-1026
VON AULOCKr H.
INT-OU37
VON KOLL. L.» A.G.
INT-0318. INT-0331f IuT-03'+7r Ii
-------
Assignee Index

INT-0338
WAYNE MANUFACTURING CO.
INT-1028* INT-10<*7
WESER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
INT-0<*07
WEST VIRGINIA PULP AND PAPLR CO.
INT-0830
WESTFALIA DINNENOAHL GOEPPLL A.G.
INT-0917
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
INT-0293» INT-OU23
WHIRLPOOL CORP.
INT-0656
WILHELM DIEFENBACHER K.G.
INT-0926
WILLET AND ROblNSON LTD.
INT-0561
WINTERSWIJKSCHE STEEN- EN KALKGROEVE N.V.
INT-0708
WIKZ» tRNST» A.G. KIPPER- UNO MASCHlNENFABKlK
INT-0581
WISTHA OFENBAU G.M.B.H.
INT-0371. INT-0378. IfN|T-03aO. INT-U388»
INT-0406
WOOD IMPREGNATION LTD.
INT-0665
WRIGHT* J.S.i AND CO.* LTD.
INT-0319
YAHATA KAGAKU KOGYO K.K.
YOKOYAMA KOGYO K.K.
INT-1035
YONEZAWA SHOYU AND CO.
INT-0679
ZAKLADY MIESNE LUBLIN
INT-0836
ZAMBA CO., LTD.
INT-OH98
ZAVOD AVTOSTEKLO
INT-0836
ZUID-NEDERLANDSCHE SPIRITUSFAuRIEK N.V.
INT-071b
386
-------
INVENTOR INDEX
ABSON. J.W.
INT-027U, INT-0
-------
Inventor Index
INT-Ob33
BAIL. i.C.
INT-G726
BATMAIJOV. D.I.
INT-0029
BAULR. E.
INT-0<+15. INT-0870
BAUM. t_.
INT-1020
BAU'^i. t.A.
INT-U515
OAUHAN» W.C.
INl-09b8
UAYLV. A.K.
BAZlLtVbKIY. I-V.
INT-0585
btCKEK. F.
1NT-0787
RECKMANN. 0.
1NT-1001
BEGIDZHANOV. M.N.
INT-U271
BEHERAr H.
K.
INT-0292
BLLtlN'KIYf S.I.
INT-08'j2
BLKLZN1TSKAYA.
INT-0782
BbRGSTKOM» H.0«
INT-0509
BLKMDT* F.
INT-0763
btKijDT» W.
INT-Q874
BERfjETr H.
INT-0721
BtRSHTLYNf M.Y.
INT-10J7
bEssorgovr u.s.
INT-Oltl
BETTSr B.I.
bLUELr H.
INT-0407
BEYtRSTEOT» R.L.
INT-10'jl
BHARGAVA» M.P.
INT-OOO'*
blEr I.
INT-0410
UILUlCKt F.
INT-U3o7
BIbGSr W.A.
IUT-05H8
BlGWOOUr B.T.
It\,T-u023
Hifawouu* T.E.
INT-0023
BIJMAf J.
INT-Ob77
i J.
BIRYUKOVA. L.V.
IUT-C8U4
BISZTYGA» A.Z.
ITJT-0351
BLACH. E.
IUT-Ot78
BLAKLYt G.G.
INT-U691
BLANCH. A.B.
I NT- 00 33
BLANCKLr R.
INT-0117
bLL5SINOr A.
INT-U093
LLICKENSDERFER. P.S
INT-0906
uLOCKr H.
INT-U378» INT
IUT-U106
BLUM» A.
INT-093b
BOCCIr A.
INT-U773
uODEr J.
INT-Uo22
BOGGIANO-PICOt N
INT-U232
BOISSONNAULT» R.
INT-1031
bOULINGERr J.
INT-021+5
LiOLOTIN» A.Y.
INT-0801
30NDKIRCH» J.A.
INT-U626
BOONE» J.
INT-0992
BORCHARD. F.
INT-0987
BORGGRELN. G.
INT-0818
BORlSOVr S.M.
INT-0840
BORN. H.
INT-Ob39
BOSS. G.
INT-0224
388
-------
Inventor Index
BOWLES. S.V.
INT-0166
UOYCE. B.B.
I NT- 1010
BRADLEY. J.G.
INT-QU90
BRANUHOFF. H.
Iin-0989
BRANSCHEID. F.
INT-070<+
BRATCMIK. A.V.
INT-U931
BRILL. H.C.
INT-0881
RRISSON. J.R.
INT-0195
BROADHURST.
INT-0641
BROCK. G.
INT-0267
UROEGE' K.
INT-0670
BROLA. G.
D.
INT-028fa.
UROPHY. J.W.
INT-0885
HRUNDIN. B.
INT-0397
URUNT. L.P.
INT-0251*
BUCKLE. E.P.
INT-0562. INT-0567
OUFN6ER. A.
INT-0688
HUHRER. P.
INT-06tO
UUKREYEV. Y.M.
INT-1037
13ULMER. L.
INT-0275. INT-0858
OURKL. F.
INT-0209
BURKHARDT. F.
INT-0687
UURTON. E.
1NT-0125
BUSKER. J.W.
BUSLOV. V.K.
INT-Cm**
UUZITSKOVA. E.P.
INT-0876
BYRD. G.J.
INT-0709
BYSTROEM. S.G.
INT-0808
CALOERON. A.
INT-0786
CALDEKONI. A.
INT-0012
CAMPBELL. D.L.
INT-0477
CARPEL r F.
CARMICHAEL. J.
CARNES. E.L.
INT-0310
CARR. G.
INT-08U6
CARTER. H.C.
INT-0122
CASPARI. F.
INT-0790
CAUSSANEL. A.
1NT-082<+
CAVANAGH. P.E.
INT-0660
CHAGAYEY. V.P.
INT-0777
CHALUPNIK. V.
INT-0215
CHALYY-PRILUTSKIY. A.M.
iNT-Ufall
CllARLLSON. t.
1NT-0368. INT-0523
CHERKESOV. N.I«
!NT-08b6
CHERNOV. N.F.
1NT-0029
CHEVALLIER. R.L.
INT-U930
CHEW. F.D.
INT-0508
CHIAPELLA. G.
INT-OU6
CHIARETTA. P.P.
INT-U738
CHILDE. P.R.
INT-0662
CHRISTENSEN, W.G.A.
INT-0229
CHRZANOW5KI. S-
INT-0823
CHUDAKOV. M.I.
1NT-0022
CHUMBURIOZE. B«I.
INT-0798
CHUYKO. A.V.
INT-0772
CHUYKO. Y.S.
389
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0772
CIBULKA. B.
IIMT-0765
CLASSEN* A.
I NT- 0367
CLEMLNT. H.
INT-0250
CLEMENT. P.
INT-0250
CLEMENTS' F.J.
INT-0635
COACKLEY. P.
INT-0972
COBEY. H.T.
INT-0285
COLBOURNf W.G.
INT-Ob68
COLL» J.
INT-0283
COLTON* F.R.
COMAN. C.
INT-0901
COMBUECHEN. P.
INT-0073
COMES* D.A.
INT-0700
CONRAD» E. VON
INT-U623» INT-Ou28
COOKEf rt.H.
INT-U359
COREY t R.C.
INT-0543
COTTON* F.H.
INT-0035
COUSINr J.M.H.
INT-076^
CRAIGr 0.
INT-0709
CREUZEr P.
INT-0683
CROOME* J.C.J.
INT-0583
DALAKISHVILI' L.I.
INT-0925
DANEMAN> 8.
INT-1039
DARBINYAN* M.V.
INT-0861
DARVAS. J.
INT-0043
UASHER» P.J.
INT-OOm
DAVIS» H.K.
INT-0923
UAVYDOV* E.V.
INT-0931
DAWES. H.W.
INT-0089
DAYAL, P.
INT-0003
DEAN. F.H.
INT-0172*
DEAR. A.T.C.
INT-0068.
!NT-102lr
DE BAWTOLOMEIS* R.
INT-0379
DE CARlEr F.O.
INT-0329
DE GRAAFFr P.
INT-OH9*
DEHN» S.G.
INT-0325
DE IRSA» G.I
INT-0665
DELINr L.F.
B.P.
INT-0200

INT-009b»
INT-103f
INT-0185
DEMCHENKO* P.S.
INT-0521
DEREVENSKIY,
INT-080<»
DE ROEVER. J.G.
INT-0279
DERZHAVETS» A.Y.
INT-0587
DIDRIKH. N.V.
INT-0840
DIEFENBACHER. W.
INT-0926
OIETTRICH. G.
INT-0292
OlEltf K.
1NT-0699
DIJKHOF. H.J.H.* JR.
INT-0151
DOCHELLOr P.I.
INT-0817
DOERlNGf H.
INT-0176
DOLENGAi H.
INT-0112
DOLE^AL. M.
INT-016'*
DONATI* A.
INT-0822
DOORNE» H.J. VAN
INT-0072
OOROFEYEVr Y.G.
INT-0630
OOSSOR. J.
INT-0697
390
-------
Inventor Index
A.T.
DOUGLAS. N.M.
INT-0499
DRDA. K.
INT-0851
DROBCHENKO.
INT-U817
DROZDOV. A.T.
INT-10J6
DUCHANGE. G.
1NT-0783
DUEKR. H.O.
1NT-0322
DUIS. b.A.
INT-OOo7
DUNLEA. J.v.. JR.
1NT-0589
DUNWODY. A.B.
INT-0605
DURCANSKY. V.
INT-0536
DURSKI. K.
1NT-U729
DYUZHEi-IKO. V.F.
INT-Ofabl
D2IERZAWSKI, J.
INT-0781
E.ARP-THOMAS. G«H.
INT-024H
EBERHA^DTr H.
INT-0946
ECKERT/^» H.
INT-0076
EDWARDS. C.K.
INT-OOSt
USSr «.
INT-0011
INT-0394
ElCHHORNf R.
INT-0226
EIHICM. G.
1NT-0723
EIKICH» W.
INT-0723
EKLUNO* H.J.
IIMT-0875
EKMAN. C.O.A.
INT-0397
EK.MAN. L.O.V.
IN7-0397
LMMET. E.
INT-0291
EiJUO» T.
1NT-0354
lNT-01o8
B.R.
INT-0193
tNGEL. w.
IMT-0373
LNGELHARTf L-
INT-0771
tNGEUTER. G.
IIMT-0197
ENGLUNOf B.
INT-OSOb
11RNST* T.
INT-0^38
EVANS. J.E.
INT-0002
LVANS. L.W.
INT-0006. INT-O^OI
LVAIJS. W.D.
INT-U892
tVANb. W.M.
INT-U036
EYDENZON. M.A.
INT-U522
t-ABRY» F.A.M.
INT-0381
FADIN. P.L.
INT-U620
FAERBERr L.
INT-0631
FATTINGER. H.
INT-0727
FEDOROV. M.I3.
INT-Oli+1
KEDOKOVA. Ci.V,
INT-0522
f-EFER. A.S.
INT-U775
FEIDERT. J.
INT-0083. INT-0091»
INT-01^9
FERNEY. F.X.
INT-0957
FERRARI. W.A.
INT-0200
FICHTL. K.
INT-0155
FIEFFE. C.F.
INT-0831
FIERS7INE. B.A.
INT-U958
FILIN. N.A.
INT-080t
FILIPKOWSKIr A.
INT-0781
FINCH. R.M.
INT-0092
FINKENER. F.
391
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0776
FIOKLHZO. R.
FIRTH. J.N.
INT-0862
FISCHLR. A.
1NT-0962
FISCHER. S.
INT-08t8
FLANAGAN. R.L.
INT-DOS'*
FLEISCHMANN. H.
INT-0766
FLOUNDERS. J.M.
INT-0252
FLURI. K.
INT-0199
FOGG. C.C.
INT-1019
FOINQUINOS. K.J.
INT-0992
FOMBONNE, G.
INT-071+8
FORSTER. A.
INT-0690
FORTIN. J.J.
INT-0355
FORTRLSS. F.
INT-0717
FOSTER. U.
INT-01f2
FOSTER. T.W.F.
INT-0797
FOULGE.R. F.
INT-0721
FRANK. H.
INT-Cmi3
FRANK. W.
INT-0689
FRANKEL. J.I.
INT-0336
FRANSON. O.E.
INT-0993
FREEMAN. H.
INT-0505
FRFNI. S.S.
INT-0678
FRIDH. B.I.
FRIEDBERG. H.
INT-0338
FUJII. S.
INT-0476
FUJIMORI. M.
INT-0159
FULLER. G.F.
1NT-0020
FULTON. L.M.
INT-0526
FUN AH A SHI. K.
INT-C447
FUNK. L.V.
INT-0761
FUNK. M.O.
1NT-0366
GAt3LER» W.
GACRTNLR. W.
INT-0733
GAEVSKII* A.F.
INT-0528
GALSOEE. O.C.G.
INT-105t
GALTER. H.
INT-0055
GAMALITSKIY. V-A.
INT-0015
GANT. P.L.
INT-0312
GAKDILLE. F.M.G.
INT-0007
GAKTNLH. W.
INT-0100
GAT^A. t.M.
INT-0961
GAruOVKSIY, V.M.
INT-0531
bAYTAN. R.
INT-0516
GERASIMOV. V.S.
INT-0533
GERSHKOVICH. 13. M.
INT-0016
faEWECKE. H.
INT-07^5
GFLLLEH. G.
INT-0897
GlAMPlLTRO. F.
INT-07b3
GIBBONS. P. A.
1NT-0035
GIBSON. G.T.
1NT-0081. INT-0090
INT-0103. lUT-OKtO
GIEbE. H.J.
GILLEO. L.S.
INT-0118
GIMUEL. E.
INT-0398. INT-0403
GITCHEL. w.B.
INT-0917
392
-------
Inventor Index
GIUFFRIOA. A.
INT-0669
GLAUBERT* S.
INT-0681
GLAZMAN. B.A.
INT-0852
GOOER* R.
GOESER* P. A.
INT-0871
GOETZ* L.
INT-0104* INT-0129»
INT-0132* INT-01
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0092
HANNEMANN. B.
INT-1004
HANOVER. W.S.
INT-0<»85
HANWAY. J.E.
INT-0552
HARMERr J.H.E.
INT-OUbl
HARRIS. E.P.
INT-0916
HARRIS. F.B.
INT-0882
HARTILL. W.
INT-0662
HARTMANN* H.
INT-0929
HARVANEK, A.
INT-0215
HASLGAWA. T.
INT-06^5
HASHIYAMA. K.
INT-0617
HAUGHTON. E.
INT-01J8
HAUPTMANN. H.
INT-0725
HAUSSIb. H.G.
INT-0816
HAYASHI. G.
INT-01t7
HAYASHI. K.
INT-0^89
HAYASHIr T.
1NT-0571
HECKETT. E.H.
INT-0517» INT-0519
HEFKEL* A.T.
INT-0653
HEIGERT. J.
INT-1022
HEIL» J.F.
INT-0062
HElLALAf A.K.
INT-0^79
HEINZ. A.
INT-0619
HEINZ. E.
INT-0453
HEINZ. W.
INT-0453
HEISE. C.H.
INT-0»+71
HELMORL. W.
INT-057»f
HENNECKE. H.
IIMT-Ot'ft. iNT-Oyll
HENRIONr A.
INT-U859
HERBECK. R.
HERBERT. J.W.
INT-0337. INT-0357
HERBOLD. 0.
INT-0926
HERBORD. H.
INT-U650
HERREN. F.
INT-U698
HERRMANN. R.
INT-IOUI
HERTER. M.
INT-OOb6
HERTERICH. 0.
INT-0128
HESS. H.
INT-1040
HILGERS. G.
INT-0952
HINDSON. H.
INT-0981
HINRICHS. D.D.
INT-0757
hINZ. H.
hIRAKAwA. Y.
INT-OU66
hIRANO. K.
INT-0890
HIRAOKA. H.
INT-Oti+9
HlROL. S.
INT-O'lSO
HIRS. G.
INT-0216
HIRT. W.
INT-lOi+6
HITOMI. 0.
INT-0967. INT-0969
HNETKOVSKY. V.
INT-0851
HOFLR. H.
INT-0282
HOFFMAN. C.A.
INT-0947
HOFMANN. H.
INT-0636
HOLDEN. H.
INT-086t
HOLFORU. H.J.
INT-0666
HOLMAN. F.L.
394
-------
Inventor Index
INT-OblO
HOLSTETIN. R.
INT-0430
HOLTLR. H.
INT-0550
HOLTEY. H.
INT-0126
HOLTOM. O.G.
INT-1024
HOMMON. H.tU
INT-U327
HONDA. M.
INT-079<+
HOOD. J.W.
INT-0939
HORIKOSHI. K.
INT-0966
HORN. H.
INT-1027
HOSSAIN. S.U.
INT-079r>
HOWOEN* P.
INT-0922
HOWE» C.
INT-0286
HUFJEHf H.E.C.
INT-Ob58
HUEBNLRr G.
INT-0732
HUFFlNESr J.D.
INT-0109
HUOGlNSr J.
ilMT-0130
HUGHf P.G.
INT-0063
HUOHLS» A.J.
IIMT-0038
HUHN» W.
1NT-0763
HULTINF R.C.
INT-0968
HUNT» E.T.
INT-0463
HURREYr C.L.
INT-0747
HURR£Y» R.C.
INT-07t7
HURZlNr G.A.
INT-0141
IACOBOVICI* T.
INT-0431
iDNANIr M.A.
INT-0006
IDZIKOWSKI» T.
INT-0823
I6ARASHI. M.
INT-0238
INUZUKAr I.
INT-0087r H-T-OU98
ISHIDA» S>
!NT-06bO
ISHIGAKIr E.
INT-0963
IbHIHAt^A. J.
INT-0173
iSMAlLOVf A.I.
INT-U876
ISNACK. H.'j.
INT-0270
ITANO» A.
INT-080J
ITO. F.
ITO. Y.
INT-0679
IVAI40V' S.V.
INT-0022
IVANOVAf D.U.
INT-U17b
IWAASA» Y.
INT-0627
IWAI» M.
INT-Obol
JACKSON. S.M.
INT-0310
JAKOB. F.
INT-09UO
JAKOBSON. A.
INT-0256
JAMt.S. A.L.W.
INT-0223
JANTZEN. L.
INT-0877
JAVORSKI. U.S
INT-OI+IB
JAYME. 6.
INT-0704
JENSEN. R.F.
INT-0860
JESSr J.
INT-OU37.
JODET. A.
1NT-0779
JOHNSTON. A.
• INT-0039
JOHNSTON. 0.
INT-0198
JONES. C.H.
INT-0040
JONES. D.A.
395
-------
Inventor Index
INT-07&7
JONES • J.C.
INT-0862
JONES r J.O.
INT-0755
JONSSON. E.J.J.
IUT-0606
JORDAN. P.
INT-0171
JUNG' M.
1NT-0170
KABANOVr L.M.
INT-0817
KAGANSKlYf I.M.
INT-0866
KAGAYAr B.
INT-07b6
KAISER* F.
INT-0093» INT
KALIS» K.P.
INT-G711
KALMBACH» K.
INT-U946
KALMYKOV» P.P.
INT-0778
KALUZAr L.
INT-U532
KAMIN» E.F.
1NT-D158
KAM1MOTO. A.
INT-0451
KANEHARU* Y.
INT-0501
^ANO» S.
INT-UtSfa
KARABAN> G.L.
INT-0175
KARANOVAc L.6.
1NT-0271
A.N.
KARST» J.
INT-0069
KATAKUHAf S.
INT-0667
KATAYOKI» S.
INT-U191*
KATOi J.
K.
INT-OU91
KATSUMURA» G-
JNT-0135
KATSURAr Y.
INT-0121
KAWADA* T.
INT-0308
KAWASAKI » S.
INT-0221
KAYANOf T.
INT-0487
KAYGOROUOVA. T.A.
INT-OB83
KA?AMA» H.
INT-0^67
KELLEHr 0.
INT-0396
KEPPNERr K.W.
INT-0074
KERSTENr J.
INT-0698
KHARAIM. V.A.
INT-0817
KHARLAMOV. F.M.
INT-0932
KHARLAMOV' V.V.
INT-0866
KHOLM060ROV. S.iJ.
INT-0522
KIJAK. S.
INT-0823
KILIAN* C.
INT-0982
KIPNIS» A.Y.
INT-0846
KISHIMOTOr K.
KISLITSlNf Y.M.
INT-0883
KITAOKAr E.
INT-i060
KITTELBtRGfTRr P.
INT-0687
KLANNLR» R.
INT-0196
KLASSf F.
INT-0619
KLEIN> C.J.
IlMT-0920
KLENOVSK1Y> E.S.
INT-0621*
KNAPPr S.B.
INT-0013
KNAUP» F.
INT-0962
KNOLL » M.
INT-0915
KNOwLESf D.J.
INT-0560
KOBATA' C.
INT-0009
KOBAYASHI» Y.
396
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0240, IMT-0.304,
INT-08bO
KOESTER. F.
INT-0235
KOGAN. P.O.
INT-0587
KOLENDA» Y.A.
INT-1036
KOLODINr S.M.
INT-0651
KONDRATYEV. S.F.
INT-0889
KONO» M.
INT-0718
KONTUShf K.V.
INT-0777
KOPPERNOCKf F.
1NT-0956
KORTH» H.
INT-OU16
KOSAREV» S.P.
INT-OfltO
KOWALSKI» Z.
INT-0823
KOZLENKO» D.S.
INT-07fal
KOZLOV* V.I.
INT-0883
KOZMIN' Y.A.
INT-0931
KKA'jBUCHENKAf L.V.
!NT-08b6
KRASNIKOVt Y.I.
INT-0889
KRAUPNtR* H.
INT-0564
KKAUSSLf H.J.
INT-08U8
KKEKEIO H.
1NT-0807
KRCMER' H.
INT-0425
KRItIR' K.N.
INT-10^8
KRODELf W.J.
INT-0752
KROENGLN» C.
INT-0080
KRUG» J.
INT-0776
KRUMNIKL* F.
INT-0536
KRUYDENUERGr J.W.
INT-Obll
KUUIAKr J.
INT-0869
KUUICKI. T.
INT-0800
KUBO. K.
INT-0255
KUICHI» T.
INT-0339
KUKLA» H.
INT-U823
KULCSAR* I.G.G.
INT-0787
KULENOV* A.S.
INT-0931
KUNKLL» L.V.
INT-05<+4
KUSANO» K.
INT-0^95
KUTSCHA* A.
INT-0115
KUWABARA» T.
INT-0487
KWIECIEN. W.
INT-0729
LAMB* J.
INT-0583
LAMBERT. A.«.
INT-U095
LANGLOIS* C.
INT-0323
LANT/» D.C.
INT-0362
LA RUE» P.
INT-0357
LASKAWIEC. B«
INT-0823
LATSKIY. V.I.
INT-01^1
LAUFERf M.
INT-0863
LAURIEr K.
INT-0529
LAVALLEtr W.
INT-026U
LEBED. B.V.
INT-0861
LEBEDEVf B.A.
INT-0630
LEBEDEVf V.N.
INT-071V4
LEBEDEVA. A.P.
INT-0889
LEEDHAMr M.
INT-0861*
LEIB» H.
INT-0385
LENG» T.R.
INT-0563
397
-------
Inventor Index
LENZ. H.
1NT-0933
LENZ. W.
INT-0546
LEONIoOv. N.K.
INT-0801
LEONTYEV. I. A.
INT-Ob21
LERCHr I.R.
1IMT-0988
LERNER. P.
INT-0'i8l
LEROY. J.
INT-0842
LESNIAK. A.
INT-0729
LEOPOLD » K.
INT-0371
LEUTELT. H.
INT-0265
LEVENETS. P.P.
INT-0782
LEVINSON. V.B.
INT-07tt
LEVISHKO. A. A.
INT-0609
LEWIS. E.G.
LEWlSr J.
INT-0037
LEWIS. S.C.
INT-0037
LIBMR» Z.
INT-U851
LIEBMANN. H.
INT-0191
LIEBRICH. W.
INT-0525
LIKHACHEVA. T.F.
INT-0883
LIKHORADOV. A. P.
INT-1057
LINDE. H.
INT-0060. INT-0102.
INT-0985
LINDEMANN. W.
INT-0595* INT-059br
INT-0598r INT-0608.
INT-0612
LINDSTROM. R.E.
INT-0281
LINK. C.T.
INT-1025
LITINSKIYr G.A.
INT-0175
LITTLETONr H.R.
INT-0991
LITZENBUROER. T.
INT-0292
LOGES. H.
INT-0776
LORIOT. C.P.O.A.
INT-0139
LOSKUTNIKOVr V»A.
INT-Oli+1
LOVtTT. G.S.
INT-0228
LUDIN. W.
INT-0317
LUKASHOV. V.F.
INT-0614
LUNDGREN. G.A.L.
INT-0637
LUNEV. V.Y.
1NT-0520
LUNGr O.H.P.J.
LUST» W.
lNT-10^3
LYON. L.W.
INT-072H
LYONS. W.H.
INT-0931
LYUBARSKIY. A.L.
INT-OU1
MAAB. E.
1NT-0176
MAASS. E.
INT-0114
MACEMON. H.J.
INT-0602
MAC KENZIE. A.K.
INT-0976
MACURA. H.
INT-0933
MAEDER. R.L.
INT-0709
MAEGERLE. M.
INT-OH73
MAGNAGHI. F.
INT-0739
MAHONY. H.A.
INT-0886
MAJEWSKI. J.
INT-07bl
MAKITA. K.
INT-01451. INT-OH70
MAKSIMENKO. N.S.
INT-0852
MALOANER. M.
INT-0612
MALKIN. Y.Z.
398
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0521
MALLOWS* J.A.
IUT-0342
MALMBCHb. M.
MALSON* P.E.
IUT-0506
MALVE2IN. P.J.
INT-0683
MANKOUICH. I.
INT-0738
MANN- R.W.
INT-OU90
NiANNBROr N.V.
INT-U556
NiARCOVIGlr V.
INT-0914
MARKOV. A.V.
INT-0801
MARKS* R.H.
INT-0867
MARSH* C.J.
INT-U555
MARTI* E.
INT-0511
MARTIN* 1.2.
INT-0370
MARTIN* J.
INT-U335
MARTIN* J.J.
MARTIN* M.
INT-lOlb
MARTIN* R.K.
INT-0826
MARTIN* W.J.
INT-0465* INT-OolO
MARTINO* L.J.
INT-1000
MASSON* M.
INT-0315
MASUDA* T.
INT-0393
MASUMYAN* V.Y.
INT-0889
MATSUBAYASHI* Y.
MATTEINI* S.
INT-0458* INT-0853
MATVEYEV* Y.V.
INT-0271
MAYER-KRAPOLL* H.
IhT-0236
MA2ANIK* V.N.
1NT-0817
MAZHARA* M.P.
INT-0866
MC GAULEY* P.J.
INT-0705
MC GEE. T.
INT-0791
MC GETTlGAN, 0.
INT-0070
MC HENRY, J.
!NT-Ofl9fl
MC LOUTH, R.F.
INT-0350
MC NALLY, H.L.
INT-07fiO
MEATS* W.H.
INT-0070
MEOHAMMAR* K.I.M.
INT-0220
MEHLUEER. J.
INT-0933
MEIER* J.
INT-0937
MEINEN* P.
INT-0077* INT-0078
MEISSER* M.
INT-Ob88
MEISSNER, H.G.
INT-0001
MELOYAN, R.G.
INT-0861
MENNELL* G.G.
INT-0820
MERGES* H.A.
H.
MERTHER* K.L.
1NT-0165, INT-1034
MESCHKAT* W.
INT-0372
METHENY. D.E.
INT-0965
METTENBORG*
INT-0569
MEYER. H.
INT-0790
MEYER. L.
INT-0927
MICHAELIS, H.
INT-Ob69
MICHAELIS* 0.
MICHALSKI, J.
INT-0823
MICHAUD. R.A.
INT-0735
MICHIKO, N.
INT-0290
MICHKAREVA* V.I.
399
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0819
MIKHAYLOV. A.I.
INT-1036
MIKULAr Z.
INT-0765
MILLER* B.
INT-0423
MINAIRE. A.
1NT-0183
MIRNYY. A.N.
INT-0268
MIRONOV. N.V.
INT-0772
M1SHCHEINKO. V.I.
INT-10b7
MIYADAI. S.
jNT-03faO
MIYAHARA. M.
INT-0131
MIZOBUCHI. I.
INT-OSS'*
MIZUNO. H.
JNT-0672
MIZUNOr K.
MLINAR. R.J.
INT-0656
MOERS* W.
ItslT-0983
MOESCH. J.
INT-0625
MOGLLNICKI. S.
INT-0961
MOLLr rt.E.
INT-1000
MOLLER^ 6.
iNT-05bt» 1HT-0566
MOONr P.H.
INT-0981
MOORESr P.C.L.
INT-0439
MORIN* F.C.
INT-0298
MORINt W.F.
INT-0298
MORITSUNE* T.
MORIYAMA. I.
INT-0025
MOROZOV. I.F.
INT-0533
MORRIS* A.M.
INT-0330
MORRlb. F.H.
INT-0563
MORRISON. W.L.
INT-U231
MORSE' J.A.
INT-U338
MORTON. K.R.
INT-036H
MOTZ. 6.
INT-0837
MUECKENHEIM. H.
MUELLER. F.
INT-0894
MUELLER. H.
!NT-Ut>7t. INT-0712
MUKOYAMA. M.
INT-U6b7
MULLLR. H.J.
INT-0388
MUNAKATA. E.
INT-0712
MYAGKOV. M.I.
INT-0307
NAAB. J.
INT-0157. INT-018U
NADAMOTO. M.
INT-0299
NAEF. H.
INT-02b7
NAEF. H.t.
INT-0245
NAEF. M.
1NT-U186
NAGAI. T.
INT-U221
NAITO. J.
NAITO. b.
INT-0189
NAKAGAWA. K.
INT-0680
NAKAGAWA. T.
INT-05H7
NAKAMURA. T.
INT-0551
rjAULiN. M.
INT-OS'+b
NAULIN. M.A.
INT-03
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0807
NEWELL* A.S.
INT-0049
NEWPORT^ J.L.
INT-1028
NICHOLLS, A.N.
INT-0311
NICHOLLS' E.O.A.
INT-03<*1
NICHOLS' C.W.
INT-0320
NICKEL' W.
INT-0&22
NIHOT' C.
NIHOT. E.R.
INT-Oi*i*5
NIKITIN' N.M.
INT-0621
NISHIKAWA' F.
INT-0399
NISHIKAWA' S.
INT-0503
NISSEN' J.F.V.
INT-099U
NISSER' H.
INT-0812
NITTA' Y.
INT-0501
NITZ» M.
INT-0150
NOOERT' J.B.
INT-0759
NOELS' K.
INT-10^2
NORDSTEOT' H.J.
INT-0433
NORTHOVER' 6.H.
INT-0977
NOTARBARTOLO' L.
INT-0005
NOZDROVSKIY, A.S.
INT-0651
NUNOTA' T.
INT-0217
NYSTROEM. E.H.B.
INT-0713
O'BRIEN. A.J.
INT-0218
OCHSNER' A.
INT-0099' INT-0127»
INT-01(»8' INT-0169'
INT-0179' INT-0181'
INT-0578
OCHSNER t J.
INT-0082
> 0.
INT-0193
OFNER' F.R.
INT-07H9
OK UNO , S,
INT-0008
OKUNO' T.
INT-0008
OLD. A.F.
INT-0760
OLESOV» Y.G.
INT-0657
OLIVER' W.F.
INT-0906
OLSEN. A.
INT-0507
T.
INT-0468
Y.
INT-0551
ONODAf K.
INT-0237
ORTNER' H.
INT-0812
OSUORNE* F.
1NT-0855
OSPtLT» J.
INT-1013
OTLIVANCHIK* A.N.
INT-0016
OTTtNHOLM' T.A.I.
INT-0828
OTTO» w.
INT-1014
OVCHINKIN' N.N.
INT-0883
OVERSOHL' W.
INT-0674
OZAKA' M.
INT-0959
OZAWA' T.
INT-0970
PAETZOLD' W.
INT-0582
PAGGI. G.
INT-0153
PALME' S.L.
PALMER' D.G.
INT-0165
PALMER» H.L.
INT-0996' INT-1009
PALMER' R.G.
INT-0066
PALOTAI» L.
INT-0787
401
-------
Inventor Index
PANASOVA* N.I.
INT-0533
PAREN* E..V.A.
INT-0527
PARSONSt B.
INT-0573
PATAKIf A.A.
INT-079b
PAV* J.
INT-0851
PEABODY, R.C.
INT-10
-------
Inventor Index
RATn» F.E.
INT-0924
RAU. H.
INT-08^7
RAUSCH» H.
INT-U<+lb
RAUS>CH» H.J.
INT-10^0
RAUSCH* W.
INT-10.50
RLEb» U.F.
INT-0254. 1NT-0277
REID. J.S.
INT-0305
RLIL. w.
INT-0807
Rt.ILLY» 13.0.
INT-041U
RLlMANN. 0.
INT-07b8
RE'NF » P.
INT-0779
RLTTINGtR» L.
INT-1040
P.U.
RLVICZKYr F.
INT-0787
RLY, F.
INT-01o7i
RHYNOLUS. H.
1NT-02&2
RtYNOLuSi J.J.
INT-0313
RICH. t.
INT-0512
RICHAROSi E.R.
1NT-0887
RlOUELLr L.H.
INT-0613
RIEIUEL» E.O.
INT-0376* INT-0607
RItS. A.
INT-0657. INT-1016»
INT-1017
RIGNAULTr L.
INT-0683
RIONDAr J.A.
INT-0028
RIOUX» V.L.
INT-0298
ROBEDEL* M.M.
INT-0298
RObEDELf L.C.
1NT-0293
ROULRTb* E.S.
!NT-070b
ROBERTSONr rt.E.
INT-0233
KOBlt.TTL» A.G.E.
INT-Ob76
RODE' W.
1NT-U&04
RODERf K.
INT-UU05
ROEULLr M.
INT-0171. INT-Ol8rtr
INT-0190»
INT-0202
KOEUIOERr W.
INT-U950
ROEMLR» W.
INT-0807
ROHRERr E.
HOhSAlNTr H.
ItJT-0378
ROM AN I UK f J.
INT-1032
KOSS» M.G.
INT-U856
ROZLOVSKlYr A. A.
INT-u8lb
HUBTSOV. A.N.
IUT-U857
I-.UCKSTUHL» E.
INT-U278
KUCKSTUHL. K.
1NT-C017
KUCKSTUHL-SCHERKER* L.
IfJT-U2bl
RUUMANN» F.
INT-0"4l9
RUDOLF* F.
INT-U86J
RUDOLPH* S.
RUKASr V.A.
INT-062**
RUMMLLr R.
INT-0<*2b
RUPPMANNr «.
IHT-0104
RUSSLLLf O.K.
INT-0709
RUTUSr M.V.
INT-0801
RYKOVr V.I.
INT-0011
RYO» S.
INT-OOt7» INT-Ob<42
SADYKOV* A.S.
403
-------
Inventor Index
INT-U87b
'=AoAWA» H.
1KT-U712
SAC I» O.f, .
1MT-CK80
SACMtlSTER' E.
INT-0213
bAITO. T.
1NT-0383
SAKAMOTO. S.
1NT-0492
SALTER. L.C.
1NT-0239
SAKSONOVA. A. P
INT-0022
SAKULLSEIM. A.
INT-0062
SANDLER. R.A.
H.
SAPOTNITSKIY. E..A.
INT-086u
b^RlNr K.K.
INT-0003
SATO. S.
1NT-0686
SATO. Y.
INT-0460
SAUtR. L.
INT-0768
SAULkESSIG. P. A.H.
SAVIi-JYKH.
SAV01A. L.
1NT-0739
SAXdY. D.J.
1NT-1012
SCHADE. H.
1UT-0837
SCHAEFERS. J.
INT-0537
SCHAFFLER. G.
INT-0155. INl-020b
SCHAFFNER. G.
IlviT-0105. INT-0111
SCHERER. F.
INT-037f>
SCHLECHT. L.
INT-0730
SCHMICK. W.
INT-U525
SCHMID. J.
INT-0352
SCHMIDT. A.
INT-1046
SCHMIDT. F.
INT-0011
SCHMIDT. F.L.
INT-07b7
S«-HMIUT. K.H.
INT-0075. INT-01^0,
INT-1023
SCHMIDT. rt.K.
1MT-0796
SCHNUCK. C.F.
1NT-0700
SCHOEFKEL. E.W-
INT-09U7
SCHOFML. I.
lNT-06bO
SCHOPHL. F.
INT-0428. I'JT-0537
SCHRAMtiOEHMER. H.J.
INT-0570
SCHUFFFLER. J.
INT-0380
SCHUELtR. G.LJ.t.
INT-08H3
SCHUFFLER. A.
INT-0406
SCHULPLN. K.H.I-J.
INT-07b8
SCHULZL. E.
INT-0837
SCHUMANN. W.
INT-045U
SCHUTTER. H.
INT-0566
SCHrtlABt. K.
INT-0893
SCHWABE. O.K.
INT-0170. INT-0207.
INT-0211
SCHWARZKOPT. H.
INT-1022
SCHWINGHAMMER. J.
INT-0891
SEloL. H.
SEIFERT. H.
INT-029U
SEILER. H.
INT-0391. INT-0577
SLITZ. F.X.
INT-0071
SEJlMA. T.
INT-0890
SEK1NO. M.
INT-0269
SELLER. C.K.
INT-0500
SEMENOV. V.F.
404
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0889
SEO* M.
IM-0551
SERGEYEV. V.V.
SETTERGREN* O.G.A.
.C.R.
.M.
SHCHEGOL'KOV* V.V.
INT-U777
SHEMYAKIN* S.O.
INT-0307
SHEPHErtb* T.
INT-0600
SHERWOOD* E.
INT-0059
SHERw/OOu* J.
INT-0065
SHLSTAKOV* I.S.
INT-05U2
SHIBATA* K.
INT-U369
bHIDA. Y.
INT-OH88
SHIKALOVr I.D.
INT-0029
SHIMANSKII» V.M.
INT-0528
SHIMEILUf G.R.
irxlT-0986
SHIMEILUr J.K.
INT-0986
SHIRATORI. K.
INT-0009
SHIROKOVr N.A.
INT-0307
SHKOLNIK» S.I.
INT-0528
SHOCK* D.A.
INT-0313
SHUBIN* J.M.
1NT-0162
bHULGINr L.P.
INT-0931
SIDDIQUI» S.
INT-0003
SINCLAIR* H.P.
INT-1019
SINGER* M.J.
INT-0943
SIPPEL. A.
INT-0839
SKAWINSKI* W.
INT-0838
SMARRA* G.
INT-U19t
SMEDLUND* K.H.
INT-1011
SMEL-KOV* V.K.
INT-05<+2
SMILTNEEK. R.J.
INT-0053
SMIRNOV* I.A.
INT-0307
SMIRNOV* S.G.
INT-0804
SMITH. C.H.
INT-0475
SMITH. F.H.
INT-0239
SMITH. L.U.
INT-0152
SMITHSON. G.R.
INT-Obb2
SMOLKA* K.
INT-0655
SMOL'NIKOV* N.P.
INT-0387
SOECHTING* H.
INT-0097
SOLOV'YEVA. V.D.
INT-Ob2l
SONTHEIMER. H.
INT-0951*. INT-0962
SOZABURO. F.
INT-0290
SPALTH* 0.
INT-0225
SPENCER* D.
INT-0767
SPENCER. P.W.
INT-0350
SPINULER. H.
INT-02U8
SPITZ. A.W.
INT-0<+00
SPOCK* D.A.
INT-0312
STAEbER* R.
INT-0730
STAESCHE* W.
INT-0395
STAHN. R.
INT-0197
STAUDENMEIER* G.
INT-0093
STAUFFER. H.F.
INT-Ot38
STEENWIJK. C. BARON OE VOS VAN
INT-0707
STEIN* A.H.
INT-0216
STEINBACH* S.
405
-------
Inventor Index
INT-1007
STEPHAN. L.
INT-0657. INT-1045
STEPHENS* W.L".
INT-0797
STEWART. L.
INT-088H
STICKELBERGER. D.
INT-0636
STIELER. A.
lNT-00<+6
STILLL. V.
INT-0055
STIRLING. H.T.
INT-0792
STOCKS. L.
1NT-0662
STOLRTZ. R.W.
iNT-0830
STOPS. F.
INT-0701
STOTHARDf J.C.
INT-0826
STRAETLING. W.
INT-0917
STRAUS. W.
INT-0658
STRLHLOW. R.W.
INT-0601
STREICHER. M.
INT-0021, INT-0031.
INT-1022
STRLIT' H.
INT-0295. INT-0314
STRIDSbERG. H.
INT-02t6
STROECKER» &.
INT-0913
STROGANOV. S.N.
INT-09^2
STUUER. R.
INT-0420
SUCHKOV. A.B.
INT-0857
SUCHOWSKI. K.
INT-0265
SUDAC. F.J.
INT-0195
SUOBURY. J.D.
INT-0312
SUGIMOTO. N.
INT-0<*97
SUKURS. R.
INT-0912
SUNDBERG. H.M.
SUZUKI. N.
INT-0502
SUZUKI. S.
INT-0671. INT-0702
SVESHNIKOV. M.A.
INT-0533
SYROVATKA. Z.
SZEWCZYK. S.
INT-0838
SZMEJA. W.
INT-0729
TACOBOVICI. T.
INT-0162
TADA. M.
INT-0383
TAFEL» K.
INT-0525
TAGAWA. K.
INT-Ot87
TAGLIABUE. V.
INT-0005
TAKAMATSU. Y.
INT-0361
TAKAURA. K.
INT-0030
TAKENOUCHI. S.
INT-0182
TAKEZHANOV. S.T.
INT-0931
TALENTI. A.
INT-0163
TALLENT. R.G.
TAMADA* K.
INT-07U1
TAMNY. S.
INT-KH7
TAMURA. H.
TANAKA. H.
INT-0799
TANAKA. M.
INT-0949
TANNER. R.
INT-0432. INT-0^62
TAPIN. J.H.
INT-0261
TAPP» E.T.J.
INT-1056
TARASOV. V.I.
INT-0016
TATARAr S.
INT-0009
TATAKIN. A.N.
INT-08UO
406
-------
Inventor Index
TAWA' I.
INT-0803
TAYTSr A.Y.
IIJT-OatO
TEAL. J.L.
I.JT-0968
TFLETZKL' G.H.
iNT-0975
TENA1LLE. G.
INT-0276' INT-0289
TERHOr M.
INT-0203
TEZUKA' K.
1NT-0048' 1NT-0052'
INT-0632' INr-063a,
INT-06<+4i IN1"-065<4,
INT-0659' INT-089b
THATCHER. K.F.J.
INT-0873
THILUAUD, Y.M.
1NT-0762
THOMAS' G.
INT-0962
TILCH. H.
INT-0093
TILLSONr T.W.
INT-0189
TINANI» K.T.
INT-068'*
TIRADOr A.
INT-05H6
TITOVt P.P.
INT-0016
TIT^tr K.
1NT-0909
TOEPEL» F.C.
INT-U326
TONStTHt E.
II^T-0902
TORRIM» H.
INT-0759
TRAGESER. G.
INT-0730
TRAUTVETTER» K.
INT-0891
TRECKMANN« P.
INT-0920
TREE» S.B.
INT-028H
TRE.ECE. J.W.
INT-0979
TREMOLADAr G.
INT-0938
TREPALIN, A.I.
INT-080'+
TRIPPEL. W.
INT-1049
THOtiECKr K.fa.
INT-0509
TKOSTLLR. F.J.
INT-0916
TRULMPtR-BOEDE^ANNr E.
INT-028"4
TSCHALAER* A.
INT-Ob80
TSLREKOV» T.K.
INT-0931
TSUJIWARA. Y.
INT-0386
TUBlSf R.
INT-0847
TUGOV» I.I.
INT-OObO
TURATI. N.
INT-0480
TURNER' J.F.
INT-OU75
TURNER' L.D.
INT-0390
TURULOV' A.V.
INT-0876
TUTT» K.N.
INT-0^01
TUTTON' W.G.
INT-0472
TWISS' D.F.
INT-0038
TYUVYAKIN' A.A.
INT-0029
UDA» T.
INT-0222
UliHIRA' H.
INT-0222
UEMOTO' A.
INT-Ot70
UMANSK1Y, N.A.
INT-OObO
UMI:iUCHI» Y.
INT-02t2
URBAN' B.
INT-0388
URUAN. G.E.
INT-0177
USSE' J.
INT-0248
VAN ENDERT» F.
INT-0598' INT-06t6.
INT-06t8
VAN HOOK. H.B.
INT-0599
VAN RIPER' A.M.
INT-0851*
407
-------
Inventor Index
VAKAUY, 5.
INT-0043
VARMA» J.P.
IUT-U003
VARY* H.M.
INT-U195
VAR'YANr S.M.
INT-0520
VAVALLI. V.A.
INT-0711*
VAYSGANT. Z.I.
INT-U80H
VtENr H.V.
INT-U297
VEGEBY. A.U.I.
INT-U521
VELICHKO» b.P.
INT-08 N.I.
INT-0615
v»ABER» J.L.
INT-0907
WADA» T.
INT-0269
VnAGNERr H.L.
M.
1NT-0290
v»ALKER» D.
IfJT-1056
WALTER* J.C.
INT-OU64
WALUNJKAR. V.b.
iNT-0006
rtANIBjCHIf Y.
INT-0025
WAREHAM» R.C.
INT-0324
WATTSf D.H.
INT-OblO
^ATT'o> G.R.
INT-0510
WATTbr L.D.
INT-0063
rf/ERBr A.M.
INT-0673
»JEBB» W.H.A.
INT-0767
WEbSTER* G.A.
INT-Ori31
rtEIANO* H.
INT-0374. INT-037b»
INT-0946
wEIBLLZAHL. H.R.E.
INT-0085
WE I ONER » 0.
1NT-0933
A.C.
IIJT-OfjOl
R.E.
INT-1000
A.E.
INT-0906
W.
INT-001B
WERNHEIM. 5.0.
WESSUERG* J.E.
INT-05b3
WLST» D.H.
INT-U405
WESTERMANN» R.
INT-0161
WESTINf N.I.
INT-0446
WESTPHAL» C.
INT-1053
WESTSTRATE» W.A.G.
408
-------
Inventor Index
INT-0693
WETHERN* J.U.
INT-0013
WETLESEN. R.8.
INT-0576
WEYRAUCH* H.
INT-0365
WHEELER* L.S.
INT-0997
WHITE* B.8.
INT-0717
WHITTALL. J.A.
INT-0243
WICKENDEN* L.
INT-09
-------
Inventor Index
INT-066B
YOUNG* R.A.G.
INT-0731*
ZARETSKIY» Y.
INT-0932
ZAUTASHVILI.
INT-0798
ZERNOV V.M.
INT-0029
ZEUN£» 6.
F.J.
ZHER01TSKIY,
INT-0630
ZHUKOV* P.I.
INT-0533
ZlEMlNSKIf D.
1NT-0298
M.I,
N.T.
ZIEMINSKI. J.L.
INT-029R
ZIMMLK» H.J.
1NT-0363
ZIMMEHMANN»
1NT-U513
ZOI'OLOTSKIY. I.U.
INT-OR46
ZOLLLERr H.
INT-OlOlf
INT-OlOBf IN1-0123,
INT-0124»
INT-0114
R.
ZUEGtLf 0.
1NT-OOU6
410
-------
PATENT CONCORDANCE
PATLNT
NUML3EK
AUSTRALIA
150,662
1 b 0 , 3 1 6
228,158
229,530
233,971
271,057*
277,000
279,620
282,423
286,31b*
290,104*
294,939*
CAhADA
456,590
461,606
506,297
514,461
537,283*
606,992
650,443*
t>93,686*
770,512
801,685
804,876
812,794
815,369*
822,382
823.127*
829,035
FKANCE

9bO ,
l,40b,
1,454,
1,501.

GLnMANl

804,
856.
1,022,

1,052,
1,121,
1.135.

1,146,
1,154,
1,162,
1,175,

228*
930
019
664*

*EbT)

191*
401
519*

311*
101
764*

440*
394*
302
377
CORRESPONDING, PUBLICATION
PATLNT NUMBER
uT BK 693,487* InT-0560
CA,, 537,283* Ir-jT-0096
obi-' I,135»7b4* l!;T-0612
uLK l,17o,542* lNT-0382
LAN b5u,443* lrjT-0313
bT BK 1,029,174 INT-0406
Ot_K 1»289>2^2* ItgT-n45b
CAiv, 693,n86* INT-0043
oLk 1,263,214* IMT-0428
bT OK 1,05), 836 IfjT-0543
->WiT 455,457 Ii;T-Ob46
bLrv 1,272,839 I\iT-0311
oT BK 621 'Od5* lNT-0558
uT RK 604,516* lrjT-0591
bT UK 680,174* INT-0081
bT BK 693, 4b7* Ir-jT-0560
AUSTK 16U.316 livjT-0096
bT BK 789»5u'»* IljT-0103
,,USTK «i33,971 Ii-jT-0313
nUSTK 279, b20 H;T-0043
bLK 429,560* IhT-100..
bT BK 1,066,166* lNT-0853
JAPAN 44-19,143* IwT-0654
bLR 1,204,604* lNT-0623
brill 451,090 INT-0938
uT BK 1,167,172* lMT-0310
US 3»476»37 970»b74 lNT-1043
1,272,839 AUbTK 294,939* INT-0311
1,289,232* MUSTK 277,000 IhT-045b
S^/IT 39d,tia6 IfjT-0456
1,289,773* bT BK 1,128,935 INT-1010
1,299,792 ^T OK I,104,b05* JrgT-0426
GREAT BRITAIN
595,947* iWiT 241,375 IijT-0321
604,516* CAi. 46l»6G6 I;jT-0591
t>70,012 (-K 96U.228* lilT-0681
621,085* CAiM 456,590 I'iT-055«
680,174* CAN 50b»297 I,.|T-OOB1
b81,323* brilT 285,706 INT-0082
684,5'*5 SrtlT 294,272* lNT-1054
684,953 v,Ei< 80^' 191* I;-jT-0593
693,487* AUSTK 150,662 l;-jT-0560
CAiJ 514»46l INT-0560
779,418 oLK I,022,jl9* IrjT-0102
789,564* CAN 600,992 I'jT-0103
836,550 uLH I,135,7o4* KjT-0612
871,604 bEK 1,178,542* IijT-0382
883,451* b£K 1,175.377 IfjT-0355

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
908,
909,
952,
963,
970,
,018,
,027,
,029,
,054,
,055,
,066»

,091,
,104,
,128,
,157,
070
811
582*
804*
674
571
362
174
610
836
166*

875
605*
935
882
,165,931
,167,
,172,
,173,
,174,
172*
701*
498
228
bEK
bLK
oLK
bEK
oLi<
bEK
UOK
AUSTK
bc.K
AUSTK
CAN
KK
uLK
uLK
bLft
bLK
FR
LAN
LAN
bLK
uLt<
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

,154,394*
,256,870*
,243,tjl3
,162,302
,268,170*
400,425*
104,495*
271,057*
439,559*
28o»3l6*
80l»6a5
,454,019
455,122*
,299,792
,289,7/3*
456, J14*
,50l»6o4*
822,382
829,035
454,334*
46u,228*
lNT-0163
INT-0634
INT-0367
INT-0260
IIJT-1043
IfjT-0391
IuT-0805
lNT-040b
!NT-041b
INT-0543
IMT-0653
IuT-0853
INT-0432
INT-0426
IUT-1010
IlJT-0433
IfjT-0859
IMT-0310
IfjT-0659
lNT-0430
INT-0440
411
-------
Patent Concordance
JAPAN
44-19.143*
t_Otuh,jI
8u4.,i76
104.495* oT BK 1.027.3tj2
Ii;T-06b4
ltjT-080!
241
285
L'94
322
.539
346
351
1 C (1
363
398
40 U
401
403
f
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
o7b
706
272*
9l4*
b66
604*
53y
886
y36*
856
425 +
819
683
406.971+
429
.
580*
439.559*
451
454
4b5
455
4b6
460
.
.
.
.
.
.
09U
334*
122*
457
014*
228*
jT
uT
^T
btr^
ijt_,;
U"t_ '
(j^ [^
toLK
UL'<
oLK
uT
oLH
OL!<
-JLK
CAI-i
oT
CAI.
uT
bT
MUS
uT
«T
tiK
Ulv
BK

bK
BK
TK
OK
BK

t_ o t-. •
681.
947*
323*
684 .L>4b
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
.121.
. u22»
.246.
»0b2.
.178.
dbo.
.289.
»01b.
.146.
.221.
»22t>»
770.
lul
b!9*
y^^
311*
542*
4-Ul
232*
571
44U*
b87*
4ub
612
.U54.61U
813.
.173.
.091.
290.
.157.
.174.
3o9*
498
075
104*
fafa2
2^a
IuT-0321
IwT-0082
ItjT-1054
lNT-102r>
INT-0102
INT-0369
IijT-0120
IljT-0382
irjT-oi4ti
lNT-04b6
lNT-fl391
INT-0157
iM-062a
INT-0181
INT-1002
IMT-041B
IlMT-0938
I(,'T-043()
IIJt-0432
INT-0646
INT-04J3
IfjT-0440
* CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION
412
-------
PATENT NUMBER INDEX
AUSTRALIA PATUJTS
BELGIUM PATENTS
119.682
123.894
126.912
133.823
140.539
145,047
147, ubl
148 • 646
152.302
157,668
159.313
Ib4,4o4
164,516
166,0b5
16b,lb4
167, 17b
167,178
212,100
M3.621
21o, 044
21fc.9ol
219, 5CJ6
222,572
9 *) Cj . ~T j X
<~ C 3 » f C.3
234, 64 J
235.441
237,098
247,041
247,077
247,215
248,460
256,712
261,882
271,057
283, Bll
284,697
a86,31fa
267,740
290,104
291,295
293.876
294.939
400.186
AUSTRIA
174.476
175,380
184, bbl
190, 7b5
203,837
IuT-0035
IUT-09<+1
IUT-0673
II;T-J977
lUT-Obob
lriT-u228
ItjT-1019
IfjT-0510
If-,T-()328
iijT-ooaa
I!lT-g3^0
INT-J332
IUT-J251
IUT-U333
IiiT-0719
IUT-0908
IIJT-U335
II2
l!JT-u797
INT-U576
INT-0529
lfjT-u3B8
INT-U39Q
INT-u40b
INT-UB16
1NT-U439
INT-0543
INT-0677
!NT-Ob46
INT-0648
1NT-0555
I'MT-J311
IfjT-0975
PATtNTS
1NT-0701
INT-07U3
INT-U720
INT-0727
ItJT-0742
647,921
662,590
666,451
INT-0385
IiJT-0821
CANADA PATENTS
424,784
434,345
436,358
439,477
440,101
442,766
443,074
444,676
457,593
462,960
466,151
466,768
471,624
478,407
480,398
481,587
490,658
491,980
493,295
494,553
505,355
507,888
512,160
514,642
516,724
520,282
523,498
525,013
528,629
530,798
537,283
538,208
540,755
543,993
546,906
548,131
557,515
564,852
565,295
565,789
567,722
568,750
571,671
572,220
576,392
580,594
1NT-0660
INT-0505
INT-0039
INT-0590
JNT-0061
INT-0320
INT-0062
INT-0506
1NT-0322
INT-0323
1NT-0001
INT-0592
INT-0508
iNT-lUla
INT-0227
lUT-Ob09
INT-0700
lNT-032b
INT-0327
IUT-0329
1NT-07Q9
INT-0982
IKT-0562
INT-0513
1NT-0717
INT-0334
INT~0336
IUT-0337
INT-0093
IIJT-1025
ItJT-0096
1NT-0338
1NT-0011
INT-0920
INT-0517
INT-0100
INT-0109
INT-0297
INT-0597
INT-0115
INT-OS99
INT-0118
1NT-0738
JNT-0122
IUT-0125
INT-0346
413
-------
Patent Number Index
CANADA PATENTS -
5{j2»264 INT-
587.323 INT-
591,163 INT-
593.215 INT-
596,312 INT-
596.788 INT-
597.086 INT-
598.790 INT-
b02.139 INT-
601.506 INT-
604»b90 INT-
606,543 INT-
609.112 INT-
609.839 INT-
613.004 INT-
613,446 INT-
620,644 INT-
621.U72 INT-
623.612 INT-
628.897 INT-
630.409 INT-
630.697 INT-
631,594 INT-
fai*9.375 INT-
650,344 INT-
6bO,443 INT-
651.f51 INT-
653.651 INT-
662.222 INT-
6b3.3lO INT-
666.007 INT-
666.016 INT-
668.320 INT-
668.691 INT-
668.732 1NT-
669.172 INT-
680.389 INT-
693.686 INT-
69H.f71 INT-
695.780 INT-
696.169 INT-
696.556 INT-
699.582 INT-
709.759 INT-
711.106 INT-
72'^^8^0 INT-
728.936 INT-
729,559 INT-
7H5.t64 INT-
756.346 INT-
758.7^2 INT-
772.561 INT-
775.t50 INT-
775f991 INT-
776.945 INT-
CONTINUED
•0747
•0749
•1028
•0348
0605
0755
OJ51
•0298
0350
0758
0759
0760
OJ52
0584
0244
0990
1031
0991
0923
0357
0137
0138
1032
0786
0524
0313
1034
0152
0791
0158
0160
0159
0162
0526
0792
0527
0366
0043
U795
0264
0166
0806
0812
0016
0172
1038
0395
0831
1000
0851
1039
0860
0198
0200
0423
CANADA PATENTS -
777,lb7 inT-
777.445 INT-
780.216 INT-
784.640 INT-
786.476 INT-
787.214 INT-
790.321 INT-
793.590 INT-
797.739 INT-
802.134 INT-
803.418 INT-
803,788 INT-
805.061 INT-
806.072 INT-
806.074 INT-
806.244 INT-
807.411 INT-
807,871 INT-
812,720 INT-
813,105 INT-
813,188 INT-
814,178 INT-
814,187 INT-
814,311 INT-
615,369 INT-
815,463 INT-
Sib,871 INT-
817,094 INT-
817,176 INT-
817,343 INT-
818,185 INT-
821,355 INT-
823,127 INT-
824,352 INT-
824,5u7 INT-
825,360 INT-
826,172 INT-
826,356 INT-
826,5b5 INT-
828,653 INT-
829,982 INT-
830,887 INT-
CONTIhUED
•U865
•1041
•1005
•0280
•U579
•0203
•U875
•0443
•U544
•0878
•0680
•0545
•0546
•0548
•0881
•09b2
•0026
•1047
•0884
•U965
•0213
•0053
•0478
•0552
•U938
•U886
•U649
•U553
0216
•U8B7
•0054
•0218
•0895
•0656
•1015
•1050
0900
1051
•U658
0556
•0906
0907
CZECHOSLOVAKIA PATENTS
98,561
117,190
INT-0765
INT-0536
414
-------
Patent Number Index
DENMARK PATENTS

81,803 I,.lT-072b

HRFNCH PATENTS
GERMAN(VvEST)
960.228
974, Ob7
1. 002,919
1.095,744
1.112.969
1.156.492
1.162,673
1.204,335
1.213,721
1.235.403
1.240. 4bl
I,27b,l79
1,299,675
1,303,380
1,357,467
1,381,209
1 ,399,544
1,409,794
1,426,053
l,42o,317
1,430,626
1,439,936
1 ,443,938
1 ,447,653
l,453f 8U9
l»4t>0,727
1,473,141
1,404,673
1.501.664
1.559,917
1,565,996
1,569,199
1 »5B1 ,089
2.005,614
INT-0681
INT-0603
INT-0694
IfJT-OOU7
1UT-0721
IUT-0731
IUT-0735
INT-0748
Ii-^T-07b4
INT-07b2
l,\IT-07t,4
IiJT-0779
IiJT-0783
I,')T-0250
lriT-0258
INT-08U9
JijT-08ia
IiJT-0822
Ii^iT-0824
liJT-02bb
IfjT-0303
I^T-0834
IlfT-0315
I.JT-083b
l.gT-0842
INT-0270
loiT-0273
IiJT-UOly
Il^iT-0859
IUT-0882
INT-0028
Ii'jT-0^60
1NT-089^
IiJT-0905
oCRMANY(EAST) PATENT^
35,718
45,563
49,235
49,345
53,549
68.070
68.852
IUT-0837
INT-0045
INT-081+8
INT-0691
802,936
804,191
808.o90
809.U41
809,432
809,535
809,536
811,821
814,431
821,947
822,376
823.034
826.574
829.726
830.284
836.618
838.266
839.022
841.728
842.472
854.917
355,987
859.426
801.707
8fa3.619
886, 120
890,032
891,358
894,525
923.331
925.777
931,824
933.005
936,045
942,516
962, b91
969,809
1.000,388
1,013,299
1,013,300
1,022,156
1,022,519
1.023.398
1.023,719
1.024.010
1,024,875
1,026,685
1.030.03'+
1.030.670
1.033,587
1,034,099
1,037,957
1.041.059
1.043.201
lNT-Ou74
IKT-0593
lNT-iJb87
lUT-1053
IfjT-Ob88
i,jT-Ob90
!NT-Ob89
INT-0915
INT-0294
INT-0225
U4T-0559
INT-0226
1NT-OU74
INT-0075
!NT-Ob93
INT-0076
IMT-0980
1NT-0077
INT-0696
INT-0078
IhT-0080
INT-0698
lUT-Ob99
INT-1020
INT-OU69
1NT-0073
INT-0917
INT-0704
iNT-0085
iNT-0983
INT- 1022
IUT-0716
INT-0919
INT-1023
iNT-0723
1NT-0234
IUT-0733
INT-0725
1NT-0236
INT-0235
INT-0101
INT-0102
INT-0104
1NT-0105
INT-0984
INT-0106
INT-0108
1NT-0730
INT-0732
INT-0110
1NT-0111
INT-0112
ItMT-0113
INT-0114
415
-------
Patent Number Index
GERMANY I WEST)
1.047.113
1.04b.ts21
1.052.311
1.054.810
1.056. U47
1.050.458
1.057.962
1.059.345
1.065.322
1.065O23
1.066.135
If U82f8ol
1,091.480
1.094,082
1,094,659
i,09b»740
If 09(3.444
1,098.445
1,098.062
1,101.272
1.102.547
1.109.376
1. 109»8uO
1.116.244
1.116, b95
l,12u.359
1.121.2fa2
l,12b,310
If 126.895
1,127.278
1.128. bu8
1.120. 8u3
1.129.979
1.133.493
If 133'6o7
1.134f 331
1.134.928
1.135f7b4
1 . 13b,2b8
1.137.050
l,137f Ubl
If 137f377
i,144f Iu5
1 f 145f646
If 146f440
If 146f 661
1.152,3b7
1.154.394
1.161.655
1.162.5u3
1.162.504
1»170,105
1,170,302
If 173,403
1.173,551
PATENTS •
1NT-U117
INT-U119
INT-U120
INT-0600
IUT-0123
INT-0601
INT-Ul^'*
INT-J1«,6
1NT-U129
INT-0987
INT-0602
INT-0607
INT-J132
INT-u7o3
INT-U134
IMT-U9H8
INT-o9b9
1NT-1055
IIMT-U5o4
IMT-0136
!NT-U7o6
lr;T-u776
iNT-u7u6
IHT-U771
ICT-U575
IflT-0159
INT-uSoS
K^T-0143
INT-0248
INT-U144
It;T-U566
INT-U145
UJT-1033
!NT-u3b8
IUT-J993
lr.T-0146
1TJT-U149
IrlT-U6l2
ItjT-0994
IHT-U251
IljT-0909
IUT-U150
INT-U155
INT-U790
INT-U157
INT-U525
iNT-Ulol
!NT-ulb3
INT-U372
If>iT-03b5
INT-U314
JrjT-u371
ITJT-08U2
IMT-J618
INT-03U2
- CONTIHULD
GERMANY (WEST)
1,176,781
1,176,783
1,176,784
If 177f273
1.177,766
1,178,022
1, 178,165
1,178,542
1, 180,479
1,181,902
1, 188,507
1.192,402
1,192,583
1, 192,992
1.192,993
1.192.994
1,196,122
1,201,756
1,203,179
1,203,194
1,204,381
1,204,604
1,210,663
1,213,945
1,214,620
1,215,612
l,21t>,902
1 , 219,768
1,219,855
1,220,072
1,221,440
1,221,587
1,?24,594
1,224,861
1,227,188
1,234,621
1,234,632
1,235,223
I,23b,7b3
I,23fa,fl41
1,239,619
1,240,621
1,241,933
1,242,142
1,243,582
l»24<+,387
1,246,632
1,247,201
1,247,937
1,246,211
1,250,586
1,252,127
1,256,242
l,25o,870
1,260,069
PATENTS -
INT-0374
INT-0373
I.JT-037S
INT-0376
IuT-0378
JNT-0926
IijT-03oO
INT-0362
IfjT-0532
IiiT-OOt4
l'jT-0170
INT-092d
ltiT-0171
INT-0265
INT-0927
ItjT-06^2
I!jT-Oi'/4
I;gT-Ol76
1UT-0177
INT-09^9
],4T-0999
I,JT-Ob^3
HiT-Ob'^b
I.jT-0396
IUT-0017
i;U-0930
I,n-0b33
I JT-0537
I JT-01tt4
I,siT-04u3
I.'jT-0839
J.jT-062B
I -ir-0629
I.jT-0404
l.jT-04ub
I,jT-01a8
Jf^T-0407
INT-0631
I,jT-10ul
lrJT-0190
lhT-0191
IiJT-085b
I,x|T-04uB
INT-0192
l.jT-0193
INT-0046
INT-100J
IUT-0194
I,MT-nl95
rn-0409
II>T-D413
I.JT-0196
IKT-1U40
lfJT-06^4
IHT-04^4
COuriUUfc.D
416
-------
Patent Number Index
GERMANY(WEST)
1.260.665
l»26l»446
1.262.164
1.263.034
1. 263. 214
1.263. b41
1.268.170
1.268.813
1.269,569
1.269.944
1.270.727
1.270.728
1.272,216
1.272,327
1.274,051
1,277,502
1.279,535
1« 281,472
1» 284, 899
1.268,002
1,288,277
1.289,232
1.289,233
1 ,289,234
1.289,773
1,289.938
1,292,151
1,292,678
1,293,675
1,294,217
1.296,732
1,297,120
1.297,803
1.298,445
1,298,881
1.300,957
1.301,599
1,301,828
1,301,868
1.301,957
1.526.051
1.581,018
PATENTS - CONTINUED
INT-0425
INT-0911
INT-0912
INT-0278
INT-0428
INT-0933
INT-1043
INT-0871
INT-0202
INT-0639
INT-0434
INT-0435
INT-0205
INT-1044
INT-0589
INT-0444
INT-0207
INT-1045
1NT-0913
IUT-0056
1NT-0453
INT-0456
lNT-0455
lNT-Oi+54
INT-1010
INT-0457
INT-1048
INT-0284
IMT-0211
INT-0212
INT-0479
INT-0306
INT-0480
INT-0214
IMT-0650
INT-0291
1NT-0031
INT-0292
1NT-0485
INT-0032
lNT-Oi+93
INT-1014
GREAT BRITAIN PATENTS
569,623
569.659
569,785
570.166
571.280
572.171
573.054
576.170
INT-0662
INT-0037
INT-0663
INT-0664
INT-0665
INT-0666
INT-0038
INT-0059
GREAT bklTAIu
577,412
b62»200
587,877
588,431
589,267
595.516
595.947
597,493
602.157
604.516
604.706
605.900
606.775
612.969
615,254
618.756
620.221
621,085
621.118
633.851
634,021
634.061
651.636
658.568
661, b59
662.819
663.402
667.572
672.071
680.174
680,238
681,323
682.876
685.545
689.421
693,487
699,303
701.234
70<+ .403
707.317
709.867
711,931
717,136
717.839
718.397
719,825
721,069
721,823
726.582
727.861
730.392
730.8fa2
730,958
733»364
734.102
PATEUTS - CONTINUED
INT-0319
iNT-OOuO
ItJl-0942
IflT-0040
INT-Ob57
!NT-OOb3
INT-03^1
1NT-00&4
INT-0507
INT-U591
INT-U223
INT-0002
INT-0065
I[\|T-OOo6
INT-0675
1NT-0976
1NT-0676
INT-0558
INT-OOo7
ItlT-0068
INT-0979
INT-U978
INT-U070
INT-u916
1SJT-U691
I NT- J 594
IfjT-0324
IIJT-0325
IMT-U695
ItJT-UOol
INT-U697
INT-0082
INT-U064
IUT-1021
INT-0511
IUT-U500
INT-0705
II4T-U229
INT-0230
1NT-U086
INT-0595
INT-U583
II4T-0512
INT-0981
INT-U710
lNT-JOu9
INT-05bl
INT-0711
INT-0331
INT-U090
INT-0091
INT-0092
INT-0918
INT-0714
INT-0715
417
-------
Patent Number Index
GREAT BRITAIN
740,119
742.480
71+4.065
748.043
749.804
750.036
758.766
761.183
764.294
765.677
767,938
784,873
785,652
789,564
800,935
801,883
802,849
805.561
809.223
811,442
815,619
816,285
816,989
822,186
823,243
823,661
824,391
824.493
827.503
828,021
829.465
835,702
836,713
838,897
844,372
846,232
849,031
851,758
852,492
852,853
854,472
865,901
869,059
871,925
872,066
875,543
880,229
883,451
883,922
886,585
886,671
890,845
891,503
895.931
902.943
PATENTS - CONTINUED
INT-OS9b
INT-0515
INT-1024
INT-0722
INT-0516
INT-0563
INT-OOiO
liJT-0095
INT-0944
INT-0724
INT-0233
INT-0728
INT-0012
INT-01U3
INT-07J4
INT-0736
IHT-0342
INT-0737
INT-09ab
INT-0921
INT-0922
INT-07<+5
INT-07i+b
INT-0573
INT-0518
IiNlT-0603
INT-0239
INT-075U
INT-07b2
INT-0604
1MT-0349
IMT-0130
INT-0606
INT-0241
INT-0519
INT-0757
INT-0608
INT-0574
INT-0243
INT-1029
INT-0133
INT-0353
1HT-0767
INT-0041
INT-0246
INT-0769
INT-0770
INT-03b5
INT-0774
INT-03UO
INT-0140
INT-0142
INT-0780
!NT-05o7
INT-0784
GREAT BRITA1M
905, b62
905,925
906,933
906,993
907,953
913,177
914,337
914,722
917,710
919,955
925,485
926,790
929,670
931, .365
936,963
937,051
937,772
940»b38
944,480
952, i>82
953,142
953,147
953,163
955,338
957,001
9^9,966
9b3,804
9fa5,l62
9b5,177
967,172
969,538
970, b!2
970,757
973,203
974,154
974,240
977,955
996,214
1,002,550
1.015,747
1,015,750
1,018,006
1,020,003
1,020,189
1,021,749
1,023,467
1.024,773
1,026,757
1, 029,o60
1,031,412
1,032, b08
1,045,226
1,046,^46
1,049,649
1,053,946
PATLins
lNT-G78b
i,^T-uy24
INT-0523
INT-0359
INT-0151
IUT-U787
1NT-U788
INT-0154
INT-0013
INT-U301
INT-0252
INT-02S3
1NT-025H
IUT-0256
lNT-(J79o
INT-U363
INT-U995
INT-099b
IUT-0364
INT-0367
llxlT-U16b
INlT-0368
II>JT-L)blb
11^-0^:59
INT-U997
INT-099'J
1NT-0260
Iin-0b30
INT-0042
INT- 10 56
INT-0377
INT-0381
iUT-0262
INT-Ua07
IMT-U810
INT-U811
INT-Udl3
INT-0320
INT-0261
INT-U534
INT-Ob3b
IlMT-Ob26
1NT-0829
INT-0830
INT-0568
INT-0267
INT-0397
INT-0400
INT-0401
INT-0402
INT-0835
INT-0018
INT-0843
INT-0187
INT-U538
418
-------
Patent Number Index
bHLAT LihlTAI,"
1 , Ob4f 7-+0
IfObOf4ol
I,0b0,i
it Obc
1,066fIbb
1 f Ubbf ->79
1,Obfif7b3
1, U tt 0 f 0 0 4
1,004,970
1,091,177
1f091ibu9
If 093f696
1,0qbf635
ItU97,340
1,099,773
1 ,10 Of li'ji',
1,104,635
If10bfb73
If 107f394
If l(lof 99ft
If 110fOU4
If llUf211
IflllfBab
If112f9b8
lfl!4f420
I,llbf319
I,117tl62
If118f8bb
If119f34b
1f121f4bl
If122f492
1,124,399
i,12bf376
1 f 126 t L>20
1,128f3b7
If 129f336
1f131f169
1,13ttf69b
If 139,277
If 139,»d9
1f140f709
1f141f494
l,141fb>62
If141fboO
It 142,730
If 144,329
1,144,4u3
ItlT-u316
INT-U274
ltiT-ul69
1, I46f 3')4
1,I4bf 727
IfI47f237
If 147,4Jl
1,147,733
1 f l4fif Obb
If14btb38
H,T-u27b

I;jT-u414

1NT-0417
IlJT-Jt3o2
iUT-u049
ltn-04^1
IhT-lOOb
!NT-U8u7

IljT-Ub70

IcT-ubnO
llJT-OD-7
li:T-Jfl73
K;T-U4fU
It',T-(j2ub
IUT-0445
ifjT-u679
IiJT-iJ44a
IfJT-02u9
IMT-1009
INT-uaiO

IHT-UytO
lhT-J9ul
11.1-UOM

IiiT-U4o4
ItiT-uu. 7
3RLAT BRITAIN
1, 146,714
1,149,156
1,149,331
If IbOf 041
If 150 f 09b
1.150f372
If 1 bit f 681
If Iblfl2u
If Ibl,9b2
If Ib2, 172
If Ib2,705
If Ib2,71b
If 153f 587
l,lbb,327
If 157f517
If Ib9f 087
If Ib9f921
If 159f922
If Iblf495
If 162, 49b
If Ib3, 494
If 164, I2n
1 f Ib4f428
If 16b,0b6
If Ibbt897
Ifl6bf57b
I • 166,623
If I6b,940
1 f Ib7f 172
If Ib7, 174
If Ib7,2b3
If Ibttf 137
If 169,468
if 17L>,413
If 172,571
If 172,630
If 172 f 701
If 173rOb4
If 173,654
If 174,714
INDIA PATENTS
4U,491
4U,868
41,878
48, 9Ub
49,07b
74,582
PATENT b
I. \lT-Q4ob
I,*iT-02d3
lHT-09oc:
I,gT-05bO
I;jT-05bl
INT-0471
lrs!T-047t:
I jT-lObl
I,^T-02ub
INT-OOb2
INT-028b
HiT-0471j
1NT-0287
iiJT-026B
IrJT-Obbfa
INT-04b4
IfjT-Obbc:
I'jT-OOb7
1 JT-OB93
liJT-Ob7c;
IijT-09ub
KJT-0490
1'JT-Ofabb
!iJT-009o
l'jT-OU9o
liJT-0899
IuT-0493
LiT-0971
lNT-0310
I;iT-OU33
Ii.,T-OU34
IijT-0499
IiiT-ObuU
I,jT-097,i
lAiT-0973
1 JT-10b2
IuT-nto9
UT-09U4
I;-IT-0974
MT-029i

Ii>r-n6b4
l.s4T-nb82
1.JT-OOUJ
INT-OUU4
luT-OOOb
l;\iT-0789
419
-------
Patent Number Index
ITALY PATtNTS
129. b21
130. 078
1b7»^b1
176.102
b05.u33
b31.121
b37.793
b90.u32
602.1&9
623.312
621.421
610. b90
fab8.778
lNT-Ut>69
lNT-Oo7U
iiMT-Oo92
l!jT-L)D7(3
lUT-OOOb
II\;T-Ubl4
luT-023,:
U;T-073S^
liJT-0753
II4T-U217
IMT-U773
INT-0,i4()
1UT-U263
JAPAK PATL'-jTb

2b-6lO IKT-U680
2b-2.9o4
iNT-U68b
29-2,172
29-3. 8b1
3o-l,b90
3U-7.3bl
31-2, 3bl
31-2,189
31-7.760
32-3, bit
32-10,090
32-10,091
33-7,711
33-9.220
34-1 ,nos
34-2.74?
34-4.777
34-8.875
3b-b»876
3b-l0.39b
3b-l2,b29
36-b59
36-11, 72b
37-10.002
37-17.088
38-2.201
38-b,3fi7
38-11. bll
38-17,629
3b-22,24b
39-0.041
39-10,483
39-11.123
IiJT-U70b
HiT-0087
lilT-0712
IM-071B
li'jT-0006
lisT-0361
iuT-025b
1UT-0794
IriT-079Si
UjT-GD17
lUT-0910
I!gT-103b
JAPAM PATLr.TS - COII11NUCU
39-13.031 lUT-JOv-3
39-2b»175) l,NT-Li3<>3
39-2b»4c;9 lfslT-0366
40-12.bol
40-17.872
40-23.007
4U-27»b37
t1-2.lie
4l-L»71b
Hi-fi.123
4l-lb»«d34
42-4.070

42-21' 'bob
42-20.uo7
42-22.273
43-10»94b

44-2. 14':*
44-2. Ibi.
41-2.Ibi
11-2.Ibi
11-2.Ibb
11-2. Ibii
44-2.lb^
44-3,91.J
44-4.719
44-4. 7
-------
Patent Number Index
JAPAK P1TLUT-. - CON
44-20 ,948
44-21, 79b
44-21,796
44-22,276
44-22,710
44-22,712
44-22,713
44-22,714
44-23,302
44-23,303
44-23,304
44-2B, 144
44-29,085
44-29,792
44-30,310
44-3lJ,923
1711,087
174,763
175,011
17b,343
17b,5U6
I,JT-Q4aa
ItiT-04t>9
IniT-0491
IIJT-0492
1UT-0495
KiT-0494
l;a-097u
I.MT-049b
1 ! j T - 0 3 u b
I1JT-03U9
JuT-0497
Ii-jT-Obul
lnT-0221
IUT-ObU2
IUT-0503
IfjT-02^2
lTJT-06bl
IfiT-ObbB
I.JT-06b7
l,JT-067l
l;JT-Ofa72
ROMAtJlA PATt.NTc
,-jETHLKLANDS PATt NTS
63,77«
74,799
75,299
77,873
90,761
6,502,643
6»b09,829
6,606,342
6,609,488
o»6lO,3b7
i-iORwAY PATENTS
10i+,495
117,339
IijT-0677
1,JT-07U7
MT-0706
KJT-0943
IljT-0740
1!JT-0841
luT-0827
J'JT-084b
I.NT-0849
I,^T-0272

IfJT-0805
IiJT-0902
POLAND PATENT^

40,626
42,729
45,556
47,848
50,063
51,418
52,173
55,177
58,306
INT-0729
IUT-0751
INT-0781
INT-0800
1UT-U901
SWEDEN PATENTS

150,743 INT-0713
191,144 INT-0806
20l»u51 1NT-062B
SWITZERLANU PATENTS
INT-0847
INT-08b9
1NT-0903
236,955
24l»blO
241,662
243,267
2bl»131
274,751
278,216
284,308
2a6,394
294,272
2<)5,342
320,223
322,914
323,259
329,289
334,545
334,546
334,562
336,151
339, 120
339, b67
3b3,7b8
357,135
363,936
366,489
372,0X2
376,604
379,901
381,795
382,355
383,876
388,851
400,425
403,140
403,629
405, 154
406,971
406,972
407,392
409,210
1NT-0058
INT-0318
ltiT-0940
1NT-0914
1NT-0224
INT-0071
ItjT-0072
INT-U079
1NT-OU83
INT-1054
INT-0295
IIMT-0097
INT-iu2b
1IJT-0099
INT-1027
INT-0985
INT-0116
INT-0344
INT-0347
INT-0127
IUT-012B
INT-1030
INT-0356
INT-0146
1NT-0153
K^tT-0257
1NT-U369
1NT-0619
1NT-0379
JNT-0384
INT-0167
INT-0169
INT-0391
INT-0392
INT-0179
INT-0625
lNT-0181
INT-0180
lNT-0394
INT-0396
421
-------
Patent Number Index
SWITZERLAND
415.449
419.958
421.814
429,bflO
429,789
430.018
431,787
432.704
432.705
434.539
434.540
435.164
437.380
437. 4U8
439.559
439.684
440.526
440.527
440.528
441.179
441.597
44S.705
450.279
450.309
452,570
452.767
454,191
454,334
454,735
455,122
455,123
455,634
456,014
456, bbO
457,122
457,297
458.225
458.597
459.438
459.739
460.228
460.499
461,359
461.688
462.037
462.518
462.718
463,742
464, Ub8
466,794
466.800
466.820
467.220
467.433
467.707
PATENTS - CONTINUED
INT-01»3
1NT-0185
LMT-01B6
IMT-1002
INT-U276
INT-05o9
INT-0410
INT-0412
I(,'T-0411
IUT-G945
IM-U415
I,'vT-u416
KJT-U277
IUT-J197
II'jT-0418
IM-1U04
INT-0420
1UT-0946
IfjT-0419
INT-U636
I.NT-U422
INT-0427
I1IT-U199
IIJT-U635
INT-1042
INT-0429
IuT-u279
ItjT-0430
IfJT-Ub77
INT-J432
INT-U431
INT-Ub78
L'jT-0433
ItjT-u54l
INT-J872
ItJT-05ti8
INT-U947
ItjT-u436
IIJT-U4J8
INT-U674
lfiT-0440
INT-0640
INT-1007
ITJT-0442
IfJT-0580
INT-OU21
1NT-U581
IfjT-1058
I,NT-05d2
INT-U208
ItJT-0202
INT-0948
INT-U9bO
INT-U446
!NT-u644
SWITZERLAND
468.528
468.544
468.941
469,225
469,510
4b9,511
469,638
469,639
470,498
470,632
471,043
471,540
471,614
471,660
471,905
472,347
472,633
472.634
472,909
473,358
473,359
474.629
475.510
476.167
476,571
477.339
478.727
479,464
479,465
480,244
480,995
482,598
482,987
PATENTS - CONTINUED
INT-1046
INT-1011
INT-0954
INT-0953
INT-0958
INT-0957
INT-0956
INT-0955
INT-0549
INT-0462
INr-0570
INT-0964
INT-0937
I.JT-0647
INT-08b5
INT-0289
INT-0481
INT-0473
INT-0939
INT-0483
INT-0477
INT-0215
INT-0482
INT-1049
INT-0055
INT-1013
KJT-0897
INT-0657
IUT-0219
UJT-0220
INT-1016
I^T-1017
1NT-0504
U.S.S.R. PATENTS
121,065
129,635
133,333
134,874
137,261
137,332
138,058
142,016
142,560
143,834
144,196
144,597
145,813
145,898
146.320
147,136
147,396
INT-03a?
INT-07&1
INT-0520
INT-0521
INT-0609
INT-0522
INT-0772
INT-0775
INT-0777
LJT-0141
I^T-0778
1NT-0014
II4T-0615
HJT-10b7
INT-0015
422
-------
Patent Number Index
U.S.S.R.
147
Ib7.214
Ib7.472
157.952
159.028
Ib9»140
161.297
164.122
164.786
165.189
165061
167.121
169.255
171.117
171.879
172
PATENTS -
INT-
INT-
INT-
INT-
INT-
IMT-
iNT-
1 NT-
1 NT-
INT-
INT-
INT-
INT-
1 NT-
INT-
176.u76
176. B09
177. b21
COuTINUEU
Ooll
0614
0164
079H
Ob28
Ob8b
OhOl
U 370
INT-
INT-
JfiT-
I NT-
rtiT-
•U620
•1U36
•Ub31
•Ub21
•uaib
•0017
1U37
0319
017b
0624
Ub86
lH6.bfll
lB7.Ut>4
Id7.o36
189. 144
190.193
195.111
195.310
I96.t>37
197.644
200. 765
2 06. U 82
213.902
226.138
227.960
229.407
237.668
238. b62
238.996
247.1+45
247.785
INT-0931
UU-0630
I.jT-OHi+6
tNT-0271
iNT-0932
'I.T-0633
l|.T-Oa56
INT-U8b7
lljT-0861
INT-OB66
lNT-0050
lNT-0876
INT-0022
IfjT-Od83
INT-0889
INT-0651
INT-0307
INT-0029
423
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
AFTERBURNER. Iiv
INT-OH99
SEE ALSO EMISSION CONTROL
AGGREGATE, INT-0792
FLY ASH, I.JT-Ob20
FROM DUST, INT-07D0
FROM SLAG, INT-073b» IiJT-0780.
INT-OB16
SYNTHETIC. 1NT-08U
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
COMPOSTING. INT-OOJ.9
CONVERTED TO CEMENT. lNT-Ofa9U
CONVERTED TO FOOD SUtiSTKATL*
INT-0022
INCINEHATOR. ItjT-0001
MOLDING, INT-OU16
RECLAMATION, INT-000.3
RICE HUSKS, INT-07bb
INCINERATOR, INT-OOZ'*
VEGETABLE WASTES. INT-OU07
SEE ALSO BAGASSE! MANURE
A jh
BUILDING MATERIAL. II\iT-Ub9b>
INT-U765
COLLECTION, INT-04b7* INT-0474
FROM RICE HULLS. INT-07bb
REMOVAL, INT-0<*5H
UTILIZATION
IN CONCKtTE, INT-08X9
AUTOMOBILE
COMPACTOR. 1NT-0055
COMPRESSION, INT-00<*6
CRUSHER, IUT-0051. !NT-UOb3*
INT-U632
MOblLE.
INT-Olf+8. INT-0052
SHREDDER
COMBINED WITH HAMMEHHILL,
INT-0019
RECLAMATION
FIJER. INT-G043, ItjT-0<)<+5
RUUtiER. INT-UOjb* lNT-0036i
1NT-U037. INT-0036.
1NT-0039, INT-OOtO,
INT-0011, INT-0042.
iNT-004t. INT-OObO
BAGASSE
CONVERTED TO FERTILISER. INT-0250
INCINEKATOR, INT-QOOI
PULPING, INT-0004, INT-oOl)b'
INT-0008. INT-OQ10. INT-0013,
INT-0026
STORAGE. INT-0017
UTILIZATION. INT-0017, 1NT-0028
BALER
RALE
COVLKED WITH SEALANT, .... .„..
COVERED WITH v»IRE NET, INT-bb69
SPRAYED WITH ADHESIVE, lNT-Ubfj9
BALE BOX. INT-Ob95
METAL-SCRAP* INT-Ool2
REFUSE. INT-0631
BULKY WASTES
COMPACTION. INT-06S2
IN TRUCK. INT-0181
RAM. INT-U057
CRUSHER, INT-U647
GRINDER* INT-OOb6
LOADING* INT-020I+
BURIAL OF WASTES
COMPACTION, INT-0310
IN MINES, INT-Obl2
INJECTION, INT-0312/ INT-0313,
INT-0-315, lNT-0316
MINE WASTES* INT-ObbO
SEE ALSO SANITARY LANDFILLS
BURNER
DOUBLE-OIL, INT-0381*
GAS* INT-OH90
ROTARY KILN* INT-CJ4b8
CELLULOSE
SEE RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING;
DIGESTOR
CENTRIFUGE
COMBINED WITH FILTRATION, INT-0'.;90
MANURL, INT-0027
PAPER, INT-0605
SLUDGE, INT-093b
CHARGING MECHANISMS* IiJT-0581
AIR STRcAM, INT-0374, INT-037b»
INT-OJ62
CHUTE
METAL SCRAP. iNT-u7at>
CONVEYOR. INT-0496
FOR ROLLER CRUSHER. INT-0609
HOPPER. INT-0624
INCINERATOR, iNT-0331, INT-0407
AIR STREAM, INT-0<+2b
CHUIE, INT-0455
PUSHING SLIDE, INT-037U
SCRL'W CONVEYOR, INT-U396,
iNT-U^tl. INT-0^87
UNDLRFEED. INT-0479
WIRL MESH. INT-0394
SCREW CONVEYOR, INT-039b
STOKLR, lNT-Ot7b, INT-Ob03
SEE ALSO LOADER
CHEMICAL PROCESSES
ACID-HYuROLYSIS. INT-0019
DE-INKING. INT-0718, INT-0732,
424
-------
Subject Index
INT-U752, INT-079b' INT-U8U6
CHIMNEY
DOUBLE CYLINDER* INT-0476
CHUTE' INT-013H
INCINERATOR, INT-0410' INT-0<+22»
INT-0455
COLLECTION OF WASTES
ASH, INT-0467, INT-OH74
BALED REFUSE' INT-0192
DUST' INT-0071. INT-u21b
FLOTSAM, Ii>lT-05a5» INT-ub8o»
!NT-Ob87, 1NT-0588
HUMAN FECEi' INT-0217
LIQUID' INT-0188' 1NT-0210
VEHICLE' INT-U092
LITTER, INT-0573
RECEPTACLE' 1NT-0571' INT-U575,
INT-U580, iNT-0582
COMPACTOR, INT-ObSl
FOR USE IN AUTOMOBILE, INT-0579
SLAG' INT-U517, INT-0801
SNOW INT-om
TEXTILL MILL, INT-Ob'1^
COLLECTION OF WASTES-METHODS
CHUTE SYSTEMS, INT-Olll, INT-013U,
INT-09^5, INT-0996' INT-1009,
1NT-1010, INT-1013
CLAMPING TOOL' INT-0198
COMBINED WITH COMPACTION' INT-063U
GRID CLEANING DEVICE' IigT-u215
POURING DEVICE' INT-0105
SCRAPER, INT-0587
TIPPING DEVICE, INT-U12<+, INT-0127,
1NT-0132, INT-015H
VACUUM, INT-0220
COLLECTION VEHICLES
AUTOMATIC LATCH DEVICE, INT-0218
BARGE, INT-0586
BOAT' 1NT-0588
BULKY WASTES' INT-0219
CAKT» INT-0059, INT-0071
PUSHED BY HANO, INT-0577
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRUCK'
INT-0079
CONTAINER' INT-0060
CONTROLLING MECHANISMS
BEARINGS' INT-0091
DISCHARGER' INT-0578
HYDRAULIC COMPRESSION ASSEMBLY,
INT-0070
LOADER, INT-0058
BUCKET, INT-0107
COMPRESSION PLATE, 1NT-0066
CONVEYOR' INT-0088
LIFTING ARMS, INT-0069,
1NT-0108, !NT-01t>9
bCOOP, INT-U219
SCRLW, INT-0061*
bPRINGLOCK, INT-OG83
PACKER, INT-0130
PACKING ULAUE, IrJT-OOtil, INT-00,j7
TAlLbATL
PADJLE DEVICE' INT-0090
TRACTOR, INT-0000, INT-U138
TRAILER' INT-U085, 1NT-013B'
INT-01o6» INT-U190
CONVERTED TO PUSH CART, lK'T-00«7
rtHEEL MOUNTED CARRIER, IIJT-02U9
COLLECTION VEHICLES-TRUCKS
INT-0202
AUXILIARY BODY, INT-0164, INT-017b
CLUTCH SYSTEM, iNT-Olbl
COMPARTMENTALIZED, INT-0165, lNf-01'Jb
COMPRESSED AIR MECHANISM, INT-0178
CONTAINER
DETACHABLE, INT-0191
REDISTRIBUTION OF CONTENTS,
IUT-01G3
REMOVABLE, INT-0222
KOTARY DRUM, INT-D098, INT-U155,
HJT-016J
SPIRAL GUIDE' IUT-017,3
CYLINDER AND RAM ASSEMBLY, INT-0103
DISCHARuER' iNT-OlbO
SCREW, INI-0170
DISCHARGING PLATE' INT-U179
DUMP BODY
TELLSCOPING TUBE, iNT-oo7b
DUST COLLECTOR, INT-0077
EXTENDABLE CHASSIS, lNT-UOb9
FOR SERVICING SMALL CONTAINERS,
INT-0126
HOOD' IiMT-0167
HOPPER
VACUUM, INT-0199
WITH COMPACTOR, iNT-Olbb
LEVEK ASSEMBLY, INT-0072
LINKAGE SYSTEM, INT-0176, INT-0221
LOADER, INT-0110, INT-0201
AUTOMATIC, INT-0167
aOOM, INT-0126
BUCKET, INT-0062, INT-0094'
INT-0221
CHAIN WHEEL* iNT-oib8
CLAMP ASSEMBLY, iNT-om
CONTINUOUS, INT-0168, INT-0182
CONVEYOR, INT-Ollb
CONVEYOR BLADE, INT-0093
FEED PLATE» iNT-oogb
FORK-TYPE, lNT-0084
FRONT LOADING, INT-0109,
425
-------
Subject Index
GUIDE PLATE. IIJT-0131
GUIDE KAILS. INT-0097
HORIZONTAL TRANSFER Oh CONTENTS.
INT-0099
HYDRAULIC ASSEMBLY, INC-0120.
INT-0131, lNT-01o2
LIFTING ARMS. INT-0102,
INT-U116. INT-0133. INT-0187
PIVOTAL, iNT-ooa2
POURING MECHANISM. lNT-0101
ROLLER, INT-0135
ROTARY DRUM. INT-0071*
RUDDER ASSEMBLY, INT-0174
SCREW, INT-0068, lNT-0151
SHOVEL. INT-OOTB. INT-OIIU,
INT-0128, INT-0177
SPRING TYPt, INT-0113
SWEEP PANEL. INT-0200
TAILGATE
PADDLE DEVICE, INT-0112
WITH PACKER, lNT-Ol<+6
LOADING BOUY. INT-0065, lNT-0076,
1NT-0203
PIVOTAL, iNT~o20b
MEANS FOR TRANSFER TO LARGER
TRUCKS. INT-0156
MOVABLE TAILGATE, INT-OIOO,
INT-01U2
OPERATOR AT REAR, INT-0101
PACKER, INT-0152. INT-U203
ALSO ACTS AS DISCHARGER. iNT-Olla
HYDRAULIC ASSEMBLY, lNT-0121
MAT, INT-0186
PACKINu PLATE, INT-J135'
INT-0172, INT-0177. lNT-0208
RAM, INT-0122, INT-0189
SEALEO-OFF, INT-0207
SHEARING DEVICE. INT-0192
VIBRATING. INT-0073
SUPPORTING CABINET FOR GARBAGE CANS.
INT-0117
TIPPING MECHANISM. INT-0063
COMPACTION MECHANISMS
APARTMENT HOUSES, INT-0625
CONTINUOUS. 1NT-0310
FOR BULKY WASTES, INT-Ot>b2
FOR REFUSE. INT-0637. INT-06J9,
INT-0655. INT-0657
HYDRAULIC ASSEMF Y. INT-0070.
INT-0086. INT-vi30> INT-0613
IN LITTER RECEPTACLE* INT-0581
IN TRUCK. INT-0109. INT-0152.
INT-0181. INT-0188
DOUBLE-ACTION PISTON CYLINDER.
INT-0158
HOPPER. INT-0096
MAT, INT-0186
MOVABLE FLOUR, INT-ullb
PACKER BLADE, INT-OloO,
Ii>lT-Ol66, lN
HACKING PLATE,
INT-OIOO, INT-Olio,
IiMT-0172, INT-0177,
RAM, INT-0184, INT-021G
SHOVEL, INT-0114, INT-0120
VIBRATOR, INT-0073
PELLETIZING. iNT-obi2
ROTARY PRESS, INT-06b9
SCREW CONVEYOR PRESS, lNT-021j,
INT-02b5
SEWAGE, INT-0790
TILTING tiODY, INT-0138
SEE ALSO REDUCTION OF WASTES
COMPOSTING
ADDITIVLS, INT-025b, INT-0256,
INT-0259, INT-026»t. INT-Q283
ACID, INT-02^9
ALKALINE AGENTS, INT-02<*6
AMMONIA. INT-0236
bACTLRIA. INT-02<*7, INT-0249
CHEMICAL, INT-0237, INT-02t7,
INT-02bti
t-NZVMES. 1NT-0270
AERATIOij. INT-0225. INT-0233.
INT-025<*, INT-o25fa,
INT-02b9, INT-0277, INT-0280,
INT-0290, INT-0291
CONTROL, iNT-o2a<+, iNT-u2o?
AGITATION. ^1-02^2. 1NT-0268,
INT-0^76
AGRICULTURAL WASTtS, INT-0019
BATCH. lNT-02bl. lNT-02bt
CELL, INT-0273. INT-0289
CHAMbtR. INT-0280
COMBINEU ANTIBIOTIC WASTES AND
PEAT MOSS. INT-0229
COMPACTION. INT-0288
CONTAINLR, INT-0226. INT-0283
COMPARTMENTALIZED, INT-02al
CONVEYOR, INT-0230, INT-0238,
FLY ASH, !NT-U27b
GASEb, !NT-02ab
GRINOING. INT-0293
HUMAN FECES. INT-0290
INDUSTRIAL WASTES. INT-0290
INOCULATION. INT-0238. INT-0250
MANURE, INT-0230, INT-0231
MOBILE SILO. INT-0287
426
-------
Subject Index
PREPARATION FOR. iNT-G^Hfl. lNT-Q25b»
INT-026b
PROCESS, I,4T-0ci» INT-U277
, lNT-02Bb
ROTATING DRUM* INT-U23.J, IuT-02'*0»
!NT-u256» !NT-02o7» IiMT-u271r
INT-0272. !NT-Oii77. IuT-u279,
iNT-0285. 1NT-0291
i»T-o2bl,
SLWAOE. JNT--J2b2. INT-0^89
SLUDGE. INT-02iib
SLUDGE AND KLFUSE. HtT-o225
STEAM [REATMtNT.
SYSTEM. lNT-02tb.
TANK. INiT-0240.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL. IfiT-0^87
TIMt . INT-U278
TOrtLR. !NT-027b.
COMPAHTMENTALUEu. 1NT-027I+
MULTISTORY. INT-U2G8
TUKNlNu, IUT-0223. INT-o2t6»
1KT-U278. 1NT-0262* ilS, INT-0812
DEWATERlNG MECHANISMS
FLUlUlZt-Li UED, lNT-01bJ
FOR t.ARoA6E» INT-ObHb
GRAVITATIONAL PRESSURE, INT-OlU /
INCINERATOR, 1N1-0320, IMT-03^7,
INI-Ooo3. lNT-U38b.
ROTAKY uRYLR. INT-0344
DIGLSTOR
AGITATlurj
CONVEYORS, IUT-Q2J6
BATCH, INT-02t><+
CELLULOSE. 1NT-0004, INT-Ou2t>
COMPARTMENTALIZED. INT-UTION, INT-U29b,
SEPARATING
BY FLOTATION, INT-OJ09
SIFTING URUM, INT-U291
DISPOSER
CHEMICAL DISINTEGRATION, lNT-j2<>j
CRUSHItJo
CONVEYOR ROLLERS, lNT-0299
FOR TltJ CANS
COMUINED INCINERATION AND
COMPRESSION, INT-0304
GRiNuiNo ROLLERS
IN TRUCK. INT-Oii97
REFUSE. INT-Ob99
REVERSES IMPELLER ROTATION, IljT-Ob9l
ROTARY DRUM* 1NT-0306
SEE ALSu GRlNuER; SHREDDER
DOORS ANU LIDS
DOMEu, 1NT-0529
INCINERATOR, INT-03bO
DRYING MECHANISMS
427
-------
Subject Index
SEL DEBATE-KING MECHA.Jlb-.S
MECHANISES
AUTOMATIC LATCH DEVICE, lN,-u2l.-l
CRANE, INT-0191
CABLE. ihT-uib4
HYuRAULlC* INT-017-j
DUMP BODY
DOUBLE-ACTING TELESCOPiNu
SCREn JACK. INT-0179
TILTING. INT-UlW
DUMP BOX' INT-0182
FOR LATERAL DUMP I Not lN|-OlbO
GATE' INT-OOUl
HYDRAULIC. INT-007b
PUSHER PLATE' INT-U1J5
TILTlNo
SECTIONAL FLOOR, iNi-oi97
COLLECTION.
CAHT* 1NT-OU71
VACUUV
IN TKUCK. 1NT-UU77
VEHICLE. INT-0092
UTILIZATION
AS AGGREGATE. INT-07t>0
StL ALbO STHLET CLEANERS
LMlSSION CUNTROL. INT-OUo8
CYCLONE SEPARATOR.
MULTISTOHY.
PRLCIPITATOR.
SETTLING CHAMBER. INT-OHb3
SEE ALSO AKTERHURNER
EXCAVATING MECnANISMS
SLAG* INT-Libl7
THLUCHING APPARATUS.
^EU SUPPLEMENT. INT-Ob7^
ANTIBIOTIC WASTES. INT-U761
DISTILLERY WASTES. lNT-073'i
FISH ENTRAILS* INT-GTSI
FLOU« MILL WASTES. INT-0749
KITCHEN WAbTES. INT-U697
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTES. 1NT-0763
SUGAR UEET BASTES. INT-074^
f EKMENTATION
SEE COMPOSTING; DIGESTOR
FEKTILI/ER
ADDITIVES
SLAG* INT-U791
BAGASSE. IuT-Oi;50
CARBONIZED GAROAGE. II4J-Ohli3
COMPOST AS. IIMr-02^b» INT-0228.
iNT-02<+2» INT-02H8. INT-(j2i>6*
1NT-U260. INT-02fa3. INT-o2t>7»
1NT-0288
HAIR BASTES* iNT-OOOtj
HUMAN FL.CES* INT-0723
INCINERATOR RESIDUE. iNT-Ouol,
INl-Oo72
MANURE. INT-UU2U, INT-00?7
SEWAGE SLUDGt. lNT-Ob66
SHAFT ROCK. I|\|T-0782
SLAG. INT-066fa
SLAUGHTLRHOUSE WASTES. INT-0678.
INT-0^1. luT-0771. I-JT-0779.
INT-OdOO
SULFITE WASTE LIQUOR. INT-060fa
TANNtRY WASTES. INT-Ob92» INT-Ofo95.
INT-0769
TEXTILE WASTES. INT-0012
VEGETABLE MATTER. INT-0007
W1NEMAK1NG WASTES. INT-0764
WOOL WASTES. iNT-0006
FIbLR
BINDER. INT-0720
FROM SLAG. INT-0667. INT-0750
MOLDING WITH CEMENT. INT-0682
PAPER
UEF1BER. 1NT-0704
RECLAMATION. !NT-Ob3<+» INT-0538.
INT-Ob39
TIRE CORD. lNT-0013. INT-OOUb
SEE ALSO PAPER INDUSTRY WASTES
FLUIDIZEU ULD REACTOR
CYCLONE SEPARATOR, INT-CH77
DRYING. INT-Ui+53
DUAL CHAMBER. INT-0477
SLUDGL' INT-CH53
TEMPERATURE CONTROL. INT-0383
WASTt HEAT UTILISATION. INT-0^77
FLY ASH
COMPORTING. INT-U275
RECIRCULATED TO COMbUSTION
CHAMBER. 1NT-0421
UTILIZATION. INT-0724. INT-0821
AGGREGATE. lNT-0792, INT-U820
AS KILLER. INT-0708
bRlLKS. IHT-0699
IN CEMENT. INT-073S. INT-U7U8
FOOJ PROCESSING WASTES
DISPOSER. INT-Ob97. INT-U601
FISH ENTRAILS. lNT-0751
AMifjo ACIU RECLAMATION. iuT-0679
FLOUR MILL WASTES. INT-07H9
MEAT wASTESi SEE SLAUGHTERHOUSE
WASTES
MOLAssES WASTES
UTILIZATION OF ASH. INT-OTIS
POTATO PEELINGS* iNT-obi+3
RICE HULL ASH, lNT-07bb
SUGAK BEET WASTES* INT-077<+
428
-------
Subject Index
CONVERTED TO FEEU' INT-0742
MOLASSES WASTE LIQUOR' INT-Oblfa
POTATO STARCH. InT-Oo60
FURNACE
CHARGING* lNT-078b
METAL SCRAP. INT-0594. 1NT-0786
SLaG-LlMu MIXTURE. !NT-Ob36
GARBAGL CAN
CHUTE. INT-0134
DISINFECTING DEVICE.
HOLDER, INT-0117
FOR TIPPINO* 1NT-0119
PORTABLE* INT-OU/9
Liu. INT-Old1*
LOCKING MECHANISM* INI
INT-0149
REINFORCED LIP* INT-0123
TIPPING DEVICE* iNT-Olll* lNT-0124*
INT-0129. INT-0132* !NT-C)lb3
rtlTH DISINFECTING DLVIcE.
INT-U180
GRATE
BASKET* INT-0341. INT-0393
INCLINED* lNT-03^b. INT-Oib^*
1NT-0373* INT-0379
PIVOTAL ELEMENTS* iNT-u3<+2.
U4T-U375* INT-0430
MOVABLE. IMT-0373
CART-SilAPEU.
PERFORATED, INT-01429
RECIPROCATING* INT-Ot9i
REMOVABLE* INT-046U
ROLLER* INT-U^^b, INT-0^29
ROTARY, INT-0405
OPPOSITE PHASE. INT-U5u3
SChEEN. INT-03<+9
SERIAL, INT-OIbB
STAIRWAY* INT-0339
TRAVELING. IUT-032b» lNT-03fc>b*
VIBRATING* INT-OtlO* lNT-Ot97
WATER-COOLED* INT-0361
GRINDER
COMBINED WITH COMPACTOR, INT-Ob89
COMBINED WITH COMPOSTING* 1NT-0293
COMBINED WITH SEPARATOR, INT-0622
GARBAGE* !NT-Ob97» INT-0600*
1NT-0602* INT-0623* INT-Ob35,
INT-0656
HAMMERMILL* INT-0596* INT-Ob33
JAM-FREE' INT-U591
KITCHEN WASTES
CONVERTED TO FEED* INT-0697
MINE WASTES* INT-0787
REFUSE* INT-0607* INT-Ool8»
INT-U629
HAMMERMILL
CRUSHtR
AUTOMOBILE:*
HAZARDOUS WASTES
CYANIDE-CONTAINING, INT-05bl
INCINERATOR* 1NT-041B
SEE ALSO RADIOACTIVE BASTES!
HOSPITAL WASTES
HEAT EXCHANGER. iNT-o3e>^. it-4T-o36b*
^NT-(J^Oo, INT-Ot32* INT-0'*45.
INT-ObOl
HLATING WASTE DOPE. INT-Obl8
HOPPER* INT-0189
COMPACTOR* INT-0096* INT-0165
PNEUMATIC CYLINDER* INT-0212
VACUUM* INT-0199
HOSPITAL WASTES
CHEMICAL DISPOSAL* INT-Ob68
CONTAINLR* INT-0559* INT-Ob61
DISINFECTION. INT-0570
GRINDER* INT-U570
INCINERATOR* INT-0461* 1NT-0561.
INT-Ob63. lNT-056«t» INT-0565*
INT-Ob66» INT-Ob67* INT-056y»
INT-Ob72
INCINERATION
ANIMAL CARCASSES* INT-0523
CIGAKtTTES, INT-OU91
CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS* INT-Ob7l
DOMESTIC* INT-0319* INT-U332,
INT-0123
faARUEN WASTES* INT-0463*
INT-ObOO
KITCHEN WASTES* INT-0393
FIBROUS WASTES* INT-Oti+b
GREASE* INT-0417
HAZARDOUS WASTES, INT-0418
HOSPITAL WASTES* INT-0«*61*
INT-Obfa2» 1NT-0563
HUMAN FECES* lNT-Oi+33* INT-Om*2
INDUSTRIAL WASTES* INT-0523.
INT-OS37. !NT-Ob53
ALUMINUM SHAVINGS* INT-Oi»fafc
SYNTHETIC RESINS* INT-Obi+7
TAR* INT-0532
LIQUID WASTES, INT-05bi*
ATOMIZED* INT-0524* INT-0527*
INT-05b3
LITTER* INT-OH31
METAL
CABLE* INT-0525
METAL K'JSULATION WASTES* INT-Q400
OXIDIZING AGENT* INT-0406
PAPER, INT-0367* INT-0«t73
RADIOACTIVE WASTES* INT-0314
RICE HUSKS* INT-0377
429
-------
Subject Index
SLAG MIXTURL* IIMT-0416
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTED
SLUDGE, INT-u39b. lNr
INT-Oi+31* INT-0554
COMOlNtD WITH GARBAGE. IlMT-0392
STICKY WASTES/ INT-OJ86
VEGETABLE WASTES* INT-0378
WOOD WASTES. INT-0387* INT-OblQ'
INT-0511
INCINERATOR
AFTEKBURNER, INT-037H' INT-Otlg.
lNT-Oi+82* INT-0^90* IUT-0<*93
AGITATION DEVICE* INT-0389,
INT-0398, INT-0<|20» INT-OtbO,
INT-0468
AUTOMATIC. iNT-o<*69
CHAIN b£LT» INT-0459
ROTARY DRUM* INT-0^8
AIR CONTROL* INT-0337. INT-0350*
INT-0352. INT-0358* INT-0366*
INT-0380* lNT-0* IN
ATOMIZER* INT-0360
BAFFLE. INT-0336. INT-0373*
INT-0^17. INT-Ott99
BASKET TYPL. INT-0500
BLOWER. INT-0439. INT-0446.
lNT-0^85
BURNER* INT-0368* INT-0413
AUXILIARY* INT-0396* INT-0^09»
DOUBLE-OIL* INT-0384
EASILY REMOVED* INT-03i8.
GAS* INT-0490
POSITION* INT-0409
CARRIED ON A TRUCK* INT-03bO
CATALYST* INT-U491
CHARGING MECHANISMS* lNT-Oi*07»
INT-0<+11* INT-Oi*55* INT-0<*75,
INT-100<*
AIR STREAM* INT-U374* INT-0376*
INT-0382* INT-0117* lNT-Ot26
CONNECTED TO COMPACTOR, INT-0613
PUSHING SLIDE* INT-0370
SCREW CONVEYOR, INT-0
-------
Subject Index
EMISSION CONTROL, INT-U-»21»
J.NT-0438. INf-04,59.
PREClPITATOtt, iNT-0443
SETTLING CHAMBER. INT-
FLOOR
COKRUGATLD. I;lT-03bb
INCLINED. IHT-03b8
FLUL' INT-U483
FLUSHING DEVICE. 1NT-04U1
FUEL CONTROL* INT-UStiO
FUEL GAS» INT-U489
GAKUAGE. Ii» L,|T-0478»
INT-ub03
BASKET. INT-OjHl. I,jT-u3h)3
FOKWARU STOKING. IUT-0^b^
iNCLlNtU' INT-OSHZ* lNl~03»
INT-U493
REMOVAbLL» INT-UH80
ROLLER. INT-OH<;b. lNT-u"*29
ROTARY. INT-Club
StKlAL. INT-04t>b
STAIRWAY. INT-0339
VIURATING. INT-0381, I[J-Oi+10,
IUT-U497
*ATER-»-OOLED. INT-UJbl
HAZARDOUS WASTES. INT-OabO
HEAT EXCHANGER* INT-0361. iNT-0365.
INT-0**06» 1NT-0432* IN
INT-OS01
HOOD' lNT-Ui+42
HOPPER. INr-0440. INT-ObOl
lONlTION SYSTEM. INT-03^6
HOT AIi<. lNT-0439
INCLINED. INT-0356
INCLINED HEAKTH. INT-039b
INSULATING SYSTEM, INT-0330.
INT-U337, INT-OJ97. iN
MELTING CHAMBER. iNT-0369
MOfilLE, INT-03bb. INT-0489
MOVABLE
CAKT-SMAPEO. iNT-03b6
MUFFLE. INT-0404
MULTICHAMBER. INT-U326, INT-U3b
-------
Subject Index
WASTE HLAT UTILIZATION, INj-0310*
1NT-U372. INT-038b. ;[,T-u187
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION*
INT-U321
GAS TURBINE. INT-01Q2
STEAM. Ii\iT-032tj
WHIHLPOOL CHAMBER. INT-0«*lo
WIRE FRAME. iNT-oi9a
SEE ALSO FLUIDIZED Br.D REACToRj
ROTARY KILN
INDUSTRIAL WASTtS
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL WASTLS, 1^T-0551
ALUMINUM SHAVINGS
INCINERATION. INT-UH&6
ANTIBIOTIC WASTES
COMPOSTING. INT-0229
FEED SUPPLEMENT. iNT-o/6i
CHIPPER. IiNT-Ob20
COMPOSTING
METAL SCRAPINGS. iNT-0290
DOPL
POLYMER RECOVERY* INT-0518
ELECTROPLATING. lNT-U5bl
GLUE STOCK. INT-0512
INCINERATION. iNT-ub23» INT-OSSS
CLEANING SOLUTIONS. INT-0537
TAR. !NT-Ob32
MAGNESIUM. INT-Ob22
METAL DUST
RECLAMATION. IuT-Ob21
PAPER INDUSTRY WASTES. xNT-Ob38»
INT-0539
RECLAMATION* !NT-Obu5» INT-0530.
lNT-0546.
INT-0556
FIBER. INT-053H
PALLETIZING. INT-0512
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY WASTLS
RECLAMATION. lNT-Ob06
PICKLING LIQUOR, lNT-Ob26
SELENIUM WASTES. IfgT-Ob33
SISAL DECOKTICATION WASTES, INT-0515
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTES, INT-UL.il
AUTOCLAVE. INT-0531
INCINERATOR. lNT-Obb5
SULFITL WASTL LIQUOR. INT-U&09,
1NT-0513
SYNTHETIC KESlNS. iNT-ObSS. INT-0517
TEXTILE MILL. INT-u5'+9
USED AS FEED. INT-U727
SEE ALSO FOOD PROCESSING WASTES
INSTITUTIONAL »VASTLS
INCINERATOR. iNT-OSbti
SEE ALSO HOSPITAL WASTES
LITTER
COLLECTION
BIN, iNT-ObBu
DISCHARGING DEVICE, Itn-0-,78
FORK. INT-Ob?4*
HAND CART, 1NT-0573, INT-ob77
INClNhRATOR. INT-01.il
RECEPTACLE. INT-Ub75. INT-0576.
INT-Ob82
COMPACTOR. iNT-osei
f-OR USE IN AUTOMOHILL. iNT-ob79
SEE ALSO STHLtT CLEANfcRS
LOAUER. iNT-OObd. INT-0066
AUTOMATIC. iNT-Ult>7
UOOM, IrJT-Ol2b
nucKtr. iNT-oogi
PIVOTAL. INT-0062
CHAIN WHEEL. INT-OIOG
COMBINED WITH COMPACTOR. !NT-ul91
CONTINUOUS, lNT-01fc>6. INT-0182
CONVtYOK. INT-OOaa. iNT-Ullb
FEED PLATE. lNT-0095
FORK-TYPE. It.T-OOai
FREESTANDING* INT-020b
GUlUt PLATE* INT-0131
GUIDL RAILS. 1NT-0097
HOOD. Ii-lT-0167
HORIZONTAL TRANSKER Op CONTENTS.
INT-OU99. INT-0201
HYDRAULIC ASStlMHLY. INT-0131.
INT-0162
LIFTING ARMS. INT-0089. INT-0133.
INT-0113. liMT-0111. INT-0187
SPRING. !NT-01b7
PACKING BLAUE, INT-0061. INT-0067
PIVOTAL, INT-U082. INT-0137.
INT-0139, INT-0196. INT-0211
CABLE* INT-0110
ROTARY UHUM. INT-01b3
ROTATABLL. INI-0136
RUDDL'R ASSEMBLY. INT-U171
SCOOP, INT-0219
SCREw, INT-OUbl. INT-Ulbl* INT-0201
SHOVLL. INT-OU78. INT-0201* INT-0211
SPRING* INT-0129
SWEEP PANEL* 1NT-0193* 1NT-0200
TRUCK
WITH PACKLR* INT-0072
MANURE
COMBINED PUMP. SHREDDER, AND
MIXLR* INT-0021. INT-0029.
1NT-0030. INT-0031
COMPOSTING* INT-0230. INT-0231
CONVERTtU TO FERTILIZER. INT-0020.
IIJT-Ou27
CONVEYOR* 1NT-0002, INT-0033
CONVEYOR/SCRAPER* INT-0015
DIGEbTOK, INT-OU11
432
-------
Subject Index
INCINERATOR. IUT-002-3* INT-0025
LIQUID. INT-0018
ROTATING CONVEYOR sCREw, IuT-0032
SCRAPER, INT-0034
SPHEADt-R- 1NT-0014
METAL-SCRAP
ACID WASHING. INT-Obi1*
ALUMINUM
RECLAMATION* INT-0797, INT-0805
OALER* INT-0612. iNT-Obll
BRIQUETTING PRESS, INT-ufc>08»
1NT-0615
CHARGING DEVICE* IigT-Qo09
CHUTE, INT-078b
COMMINUTOR* INT-0604
COMPRESSION, INT-0617, INT-0627*
INT-0630, INT-0638* iNT-Ofc1^*
1NT-06<»8» INT-0654* INT-0659
COPPER, INT-0705
CRUSHER, IUT-Ofal6, INT-0621,
INT-0632
DETINNING* INT-0920
MELTING, INT-0594, INT-o67fa
PRtSS* INT-0650
RECLAMATION, INT-Q729, INT-0592*
INT-0925, INT-0933
ELECTROLYTIC, INT-0921, INT-0931
IMPACTION, INT-092t
MOLTEN SOLVENT, INT-0936
NON-FERROUS, I;jT-093'*
TIN, INT-0615, INT-0932
VOLATILfc. METALS, lNT~Ot>7u
REDUCTION
FREQUENCY GENERATOR, IiJ-06il
REFINING* INT-066<+» INT-0730
STAINLESS STEEL, lNT-0663
SEPARATING* INT-0519
IRON FROM SAND, INT-093?
SHEARS, INT-0598, INT-06t6,
INT-1060
SHREDDER* INT-0592, INT-0651
SLAG* INT-U922
METHANE
SEE RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING
MINE WASTES
BURIAL, INT-0550
CONVERTED TO FERTILIZER, Ir\iT-0782
CRUSHING* INT-0787
UTILIZATION* INT-0787
MIXING MECHANISMS. INT-0777
INCINERATOR. INT-0398
OCEAN UlSPOSAL
BALED KEFUSE* INT-0589
CONTAINER* INT-0583
DISCHARGING DEVICE
MOUNTED ON DECK,
PACKAGING WASTES
BOTTLE
BREAKING, INT-UbtO
PAPCR
BALEK, 1NT-06U6
CENTRIFUGE, lNT-060b
CONVEkTLD TO INSULATION MATERIAL,
INT-Oti22
DEFIbER' INT-U704
OE-lNKING. IN1-0718, INT-0732,
INT-07b2, INT-0795, INT-0806,
INT-0612
RECLAMATION* INT-0793, 1NT-0807
PULPING* iNT-oeob, iNT-07^3,
INT-0757, INT-0783
WAX PAPER, INT-0675
SHREUDEH, INT-06U3, INT-0611*,
INT-Obl9
PAPER INDUSTRY WASTES
RECLAMATION* INT-ObOb* INT-05J8.
INT-Ob39» INT-0540* IrjT-Ob52
FIBtR* INT-053'*
SPENT LIQUOR
CHEMICALS RECOVERY* iNT-Ob3o*
SULFITE WASTE. LIUUOR, INT-Ob09*
INT-0708. IUT-0717* IUT-0759
PAPLRBOAKU
SEE PAPER; RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING
PARTICLEOOARD* INT-U778
BAGASSE* INT-0003* INT-0009*
INT-0028
FURFUKAL, INT-0809
SAWDUST. INT-0665* INT-0772
SLAG. I^T-0770
WASTtPAPER* IfMT-0807
WOOD SHAVINGS. INT-0681
WOOD WASTES* INT-0662
SEE ALSO WOOD WASTES
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY WASTES
RECLAMATION
HYDROGEN SULFIDE* INT-050&
PLASTIC
GRINDING* INT-0626. INT-0658
RECLAMATION* INT-0719, INT-07b3
PULPING
BAGASSE. INT-OOOi*. INT-0005.
INT-0008. INT-OOIO. INT-OOlj,
INT-OU26
CELLULOSE. INT-0731
TRASH
PROUUCTION OF INSULATION
MATERIAL* INT-0799
WASTEPAPER* INT-U733* INT-0757*
INT-0773. INT-0783* INT-0793*
433
-------
Subject Index
INT-U79b
WOOL) WASTES, I.^T-0714, lhl-0728
RAUIOACTIVt. WAbTt_S
BURIAL, INT-J313, IiJl-U3l5, irjT-031b
FIXING PROCEDURE' 1NT-U312
INCINERATOR, INT-0.51H
SOLIDIFYING PROCEDURE, INT-CM17
RECEPTACLES
APARTMENT HOUSE, INT-09a3
ASH, INT-0977
BAG, !NT-Obti2
BAG HOLDER, INT-0993' iNT-lOUb
BAb REMOVABLE THROUGH CONTAINER
BOTTOM' INT-Obd3
BULKY WASTLS' INT-10l<+, INT-1U17
CAN HOLDER, INT-0982, IUT-1005
CANISTLR' INT-0990
CART
PUSHLD UY HAND, INT-Ob77
CHUTE SYSTtM' INT-U996, INT-1002
COMPACTOR, INT-0581
GAt I;-iT-Ub76,
INT-UbOO, INT-lUUO
MUSICAL, INT-1008
ODOR CONTROL, n\iT-ioi2
PAPLR» INT-099**
SPLCIAL PUKPOSL
SANITARY NAPKINS' iijT-iOlb
USL IN AUTOMOBILE, iNT-Ob?9
USL I^4 bAR, !NT-o96o
USL ON SHIPS, INT-Ob«3
STORAGL OF, INT-09oO» INT-Q999,
iNT-1001
TRUCK-CARRIEU CONTAINER, IiJ-OOb9,
INT-lOlbr INl-lObb
WHLLLEU, INT-1011
SEL ALSO STORAGE SYSTEMS
RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING
ALUMINUM' iNT-080b
ASH, INT-0819
URICK, IIMT-069t)
BUILDINb MATERIAL, lNT-07bb
BAGASSE, INT-0003, IiNT-uOOy,
INT-0028
BUILDING MATERIAL, INT-069j
CELLULOSE, INT-0731
FROM VINE BRANCHES, INI-U669
CELLULOSE ACETATE CASTES' INT-0781
COPPER, INT-0705, INT-U918
DISTlLLuRY WASTLS, INT-0734
Ab FLEU' INT-07o7
DRY-CELL BATTLRILS, irjT-u72i
FATS ANu OILS, INT-U507, It-iT-116'jU
dRlJUETTLS, INT-Ob98
FILLER, INT-0708
FLY ASH, INT-U73S, INT-0748
AGGiJLGATL, INT-U792, INT-0820
FUEL bAS
Fi<0i>. GARBAGE, INT-0818
FHO-i VEGETABLE WASTES, lNT-Ot>70
FURFURAL, INT-08U9
HAIR wASTLS, INT-0006
LEAD, I 9
METHA.4E
FKOi'i GAHUAGE, INT-0711, Il|T-072fc>
hRO.'i ORbAUIC WASTLS, INT-u7b'+
PAPER, iNT-UbUb, INT-0773, 1NT-0793,
INT-079b
CONVERTLLi TO INSULATION
MATERIAL, INT-Ot>22
WAX PAPER, KJT-0675
PAPER INDUSTRY WASTLS, INT-Ob05»
INT-Ujb6
SODIUM SULFATE, INT-Obb2
PICKLINu LIQUOR, !NT-Ob2o
POLYMER WASTES, !NT-Obl8» INT-Ob28,
INT-0/19, INT-U737, INT-U753,
INT-0/b8, !NT-07b8, INT-0?8b
PROTEIN SOURCL, INT-OBIO
RICE HULL ASM
CONVERTED TO POROUS MATERIAL,
INT-07bb
RUBbtR, 1NT-OU36, INT-D037, INT-0038,
INT-OU40, iNT-OOtl, INT-OOU2,
INT-0044, INT-G700, INT-0738,
1^1-078"+
HEAfLK, lNT-003b, INT-0039
SAWDUST, INT-0009, INT-Ot>65»
INT-0702, 1IMT-U772, INT-0790
BOA^D, INT-Oo8b
INSULATING MATERIAL, INT-U?^
SELENIUM WASTLS' INT-0533, INl-0746
SLAG, IiJT-Ob20, INT-Ob3fa, INT-0712,
INT-0/88, INT-0794, IljT-0823
AGGREGATE, INT-0811, INT-(J81o
FOR ROADBUILDING,
434
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Subject Index
METAL KECOVERY. INT-OO>OO»
INT-UB17
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTES
FEEL) SUPPLEMENT. iNT-OolO
SThAW. INT-069,5
SULFUR, INT-US'*'*
SYNTHETIC RESINS. INT-U?J9, 1NT-0813
TANNERY WASTES
FERTILIZER. INT-U692. lNT-Ob95
PROTEIN RECOVERY. INT-G725
TIN. lNT-U77b. INT-Udlb
VEGETAbLF *ASTLS» INT-Oo7u
WINEMAKING WASTES. inT-u79d»
INT-OU24
WOOD WASTES. INT-Goad
BOARD* I.NT-0681* lNT-0701.
INT-U703. ItJT-07^7
CONVERTED TO ACID. lNT-Ob83
CONVERTED TO BOARD. lNT-0681
CONVERTED TO BUILDING BLOCKS.
ltjT-Gbti7. INT-U669. INT-07U5
CONVERTED TO tiRIQUETTEb.
CONVERTED TO CHARCOAL, INT-0387
WOOL WASTES. ItxlT-OOOb
KEUUCT10N OF WASTES
lihUQUtlTTE, INT-0606
COMBINED WITH TRANSPORT, It.T-OfolO
PRIOR TO INCINLRATIOU. INT-Ot>l8
PULPER, INF-ObOb
PULVERIZER. INT-0599' INT-ob36
ROTARY KILN. INT-0440
BATCH. INT-U471
uURNER, iNT-Otbe
COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION, lNt-U48l
CONTINUOUS. iNT-0<*ttl
COOLER, INT-0446
DUAL CHAMBER. INT-O^"*
INCLINED. iNT-0322
LIUING. INT-OU71
NONCOMBUSTlbLES. INT-0471
SPECIAL PURPOSE
DRY-CELL BATTERIES. iNT-0721
RUbbEH
SEE RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING*
AUTOMOBILE
SANITARY LANDFILL EQUIPMENT
CLEARING DEVICE. INT-0913
SEE ALSO BURIAL OF WASTES
SEPARATING MECHANISMS
CENTRIFUGAL. INT-0935
COMBINED WITH CRUSHED AND
INCINERATOR. INT-00<*3.
INT-0307. INT-U308
COMblNED WITH GRINDER. INT-Oo28
COMPOSTING. INT-0^3t. lNT-u2t5,
INT-0
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Subject Index
TU FLRTILIZLR. im
AGGREGATE. I,.T-d7.5o, lui
!NT-u8lt.
CEMENT PRODUCTION, iNT-0b.,(;»
INT-du71
COLLECTION. INT-07. INT-0750
GRANULATING, INT-0712, 1NT-07<+0»
1NT-0756, INT-077'j. luT-u788.
INT-ObOl
INSULATING MATERIAL. Il«n-0?fa^.
MIXEU wITH LIML. lNT-Ob3b
QUENCHING. IuT-U79<+
RECLAMATION. lNT-Ob3o» iNT-Ottll
FOR RO,-\D BUILDING, INT-0002
LEAD. 1NT-052U
ZINC,
REMOVAL.
RETARDATION, lNT-OJ9tj
UTILIZATION, INT-OQ7H
SEE ALSO INCINERATOR
>UGHlLRHOUSf: WASTES. IuT-o77l
AUTOCLAVE. !NT-Ob31
CARCASSES
UTILIZATION
^L
TO Ft_RTlLlZEH, IiJ-067u,
lNT-07tl. INT-0779. IUT-U8GO
COOKlN^r INT-Obtl
INCINERATOR. iM-Obbb
U1 ILIZMTION
FEE.U SUPPLtMENT. lN1-U7bi,
INT-OblO
SLUDGE AND SLURRIES
AEROBIC DIGESTION, INT-j9<+7.
iNT-09^8
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, INT~U9'+U,
1NT-U914
COMPOSTING. INl-022b
DEftATERlNG, INT-09bl»
lNT-U95b» INI-09bb
CENTRIFUGE. iu
INT-U9oO
CHLMICAL. INT-U9o2
COMPRESSION. lNT-09b9
ELECTRO-OSMOSIS, INT-0972
FILTER. INT-0971
DIGESTOR
HEATINu DEVICE. INT-09'jO
DISPuSAi_
VACUUN,, 1NT-U949
FERTltlZLR, INT-09U3
INClNi-LR/iTION. IN
INT-09b2. INT-0953. I JT-09ob»
INT-OJ70
HLUiUIZLD BED, INT-OH53, lNr~09o3,
IiJT-09t)b
INCINERATOR* INT-Otfa2» INT-Obbt,
INT-0!Jo7. 1NT-0969
OIL. INT-0941
RECLAMAIION
bRlUUETTES, INT-074J
METAL. INT-Ob08
SEWAGE
UTILIZATION. 1NT-0942
SOIL CONUITIONER
FROM HAPhR PULP. INT-0707
FROM VEvjLTAULE WASTES. INT-OOU7
SNOw REMOVAL
CONVt_YOK» HJT-Oim
SPENT LIuuOi
-------
Subject Index
HYDRAULIC CONTROL* lNT~lu3<4-
MULTI-PURPOSE. iNT-io20
SHOVEL» INT-102.3
WITH COMPACTOR. INT-lOcb
VACUUM TYPE, INT-IGIH, J.NT-1U39*
lNT-it/f3
BUMPER ATTACHMENT* 1NT-1U32
COMBINLU WITH INClNi_R ATOf< ,
INT-10.3S
COMBINED WITH «ATEu SP|,AY*
INT-1022
CYCLONE SEPARATOR. INT-lU3t>
DUST SLPARATOR, iNT-iuu9
HEAVY UUTYr lNT-102'j
SULFITL WASTF LIQUOR
SCL PAPER INDUSTRY WASTES
TEXTILfc. WASTES
COLLECTION.
CONVERTED TO
USED To PRODUCE PAPER »
TIRES
SEE AUTOMOdlLE
TRAILER
SEL COLLECTION VEHICLES
TRANSFER STATION
HOPPER, INT-Glbo
TRANSPORTATION OF WASTES
BARGE. INT-1053
CONVEYOR. 1NT-1003
60NOOLA, IUT-1U57
OVERHEAD CRANE, iNT-lOb
PIPELINE* lNT-105b", INT
VEHICLE, Inr-1054, INT-i05o,
INT-1061
OF WASTES-METHODS
IiJT-0613
TRANSPORTATION
HYURAULIC.
TRUCKS
SEL COLLECTION VEHICLE
WASTE HtAT UTlLUATIOii,
- TRUCKS
, InT-0012
1NT-0766
ELLCTRIC POWLR GElJLRATloN, IuT-03?l
GAS TURBINL, INT-0-+U^
STL AM, INT-032H
WAbTEPAPER
SEL PAPER
WOOD WASTES
BARK* INT-U5U5
CHIPPER, lNT-Oo20, INT-0619
CONVERTED TO CHARCOAL, INT-03fl7
INCINERATOR, !UT-OblO»
PULPING, INT-0714, 1NT
RECLAMATION, lNT-Oo8a
ACID PRODUCTION, lNT-Co83
BOARD, INT-06ba* INT-U681*
INT-UtoU1*, I'Jr-ubab*
INT-0701, 1NT-0703,
I,jT-0747» INT-0778
biUuUETTES, INT-Ob91, INT-0716
bUlLDINb bLOCKS* INT-Ob87,
IijT-Ofa09, INT-07<+b
ULLLR, INT-0713
iNSULATINo MATERIAL,
*US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1973
437
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