6169
OOOB79100
    NEIC
       SAFETY MANUAL FOR
       HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE INVESTIGATIONS
       September 1979
                                  I

                                    vvEPA
    national enforcement investigations center
               denver federal center bldg 53, box 25227 denver, co 80225

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\      UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
?                     WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
                          SEP 19 iy/9
                                                  OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:  Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste /Si "tie  Investigations

FROM:     Jeffrey G. Miller, Director
          Hazardous Waste Enf orcemen
          Kenneth E. Biglane, Director  ^_V- 4
          Oil  & Special Materials Control. Divis,

     The attached Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste  Site
Investigations was developed jointly by the National Enforcement
Investigations Center  (NEIC) and by a specially formed Hazardous
Waste Disposal Site Safety Task Force, chaired  by Robert Magor  of
the EPA Office of Occupational Health and Safety.  Members  of that
group represent several Headquarters offices and Regional
Surveillance and Analysis Divisions.  The manual discusses  proper
safety measures to be observed in conducting hazardous waste site
investigations and in handling samples resulting from such  inspec-
tions.

     The manual will eventually receive the full Agency Red Border
review and your comments on how it might be improved are welcome.
However, in the interim this is considered to be the best infor-
mation currently available regarding safety and should be used  by
all EPA offices and contractors involved with hazardous waste site
investigations.

Attachment

Addressees

Deputy Project Officers, Region I-X
S&A Division Directors, Region I-X
Enforcement Division Directors, Region I-X
Air & Hazardous Division Directors, Region I-X
Hazardous Waste Site Contacts, Region I-X
Ken Biglane
Bob Magor
Bill Blackman

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       UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                         WASHINGTON,  D.C. 20460


                          October 15, 1979

                                                              OFFICE OF
MEMORANDUM                                              PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

SUBJECT:  Transmittal of Manual

TO:       Recipients of "Safety Manual for Hazardous Waste
          Site Investigations"
FROM:     Robert C. Magor, Directo
          Office of Occupational Health and Safety  (PM-273)
     On August 17, 1979, Jeffrey Miller, Director, Hazardous Waste
Task Force, and Kenneth Biglane, Director, Oil and Special Materials
Control Division, jointly announced the formation of a Headquarters/
Regional Work Group to finalize a safety manual for the inspection
and investigation of hazardous waste sites.  This group met September Si
1979> to review a draft prepared by NEIC on this subject; the attached
Manual is the product of this meeting and subsequent work by HEIC and
OOHS.

     The implementation of these guidelines must take place immediately,
since EPA and contractor personnel are already heavily involved in
hazardous waste site inspections.  The Work Group strongly encourages
your acceptance of this Manual immediately as guidance for these ac-
tivities.  We will send this out for "red boarder" review as policy in
the near future, and therefore the Work Group would appreciate any com-
ments you may have on this issuance.  Between now and when it becomes
policy, though, I encourage you to abide by it, include it in contract
language, and distribute it to states with whomA°are jointly involved.

     The structure of the Manual is that of policy statements in the
text, followed by expandable appendices which contain the specifics.
A suggestion that we issue this as a loose-leaf notebook has merit, since
the Work Group believes that as our field activities increase, our
experience will cause us to supplement and revise this Manual.

     The Work Group discussed at length the section on the laboratory
facility requirements. (The Work Group rapidly agreed on most other
parts of the Manual.)  The Office of Occupational Health and Safety will
soon be proposing EPA laboratory standards, which will be very close to
DHEW's, "Guidelines for the Laboratory Use of Chemical Substances Posing
a Potential Occupational Carcinogenic Risk," June 5, 1979 (Revised Draft).

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                            -2-
The ¥ork Group agreed to make the recommendations in this Manual
consistent with those guidelines:  Whereas the most appropriate
laboratory space for analytically supporting waste site investi-
gations are laboratories meeting "containment" specifications (and
soon EPA will have a sufficient number of containment laboratories
to totally support this effort), we acknowledge that infrequent
analyses of small quantities of material can be carried out safely
in good convential laboratories with adherence to good laboratory
practices.


     If you have any comments, please contact either William Blackman,
KEIC, or myself.
Attachment

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                      FOREWORD
The  Hazardous Waste  Site  Investigation Safety  Task

Force  has prepared  this manual  to provide  the  basis

for  organization  safety  plans  and programs.    It  is

intended  to  supplement  existing   safety  manuals  with

elements  necessary  to  safely conduct  hazardous  waste

site  investigations.   The  Task  Force  assumed it  to be

inappropriate  to  include  all  of the rules  and  advice

contained in existing  manuals  pertaining to  the more

general field and laboratory operations.   It is  further

assumed  that   as  organizations   revise  and  update

existing safety manuals  and  programs,  the  principles

contained herein will  be incorporated.



It  is   also  necessary   to  note   the  developing  and

evolving  nature of  hazardous waste site investigations

and  related operations.  The techniques  are subject  to

change  and update as  experience  is gained.   Users are

encouraged  to  provide  suggestions  or   comments  to:
      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      Industrial Hygiene Programs Manager
      Office of Occupational Health  and Safety (PM-273)
      Room 3503 Waterside Mall
      401 M Street S.W.
      Washington, D.C.,   20460

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                                 CONTENTS
  I.      INTRODUCTION	    1-1
           PURPOSE	    1-1
           RESPONSIBILITIES 	    1-1
             Program Managers 	    1-2
             Occupational  Health and Safety Officers  	    1-2
             First-Line Supervisors 	  ....    1-2
             Field and Laboratory Safety Coordinators 	    1-3
             Project Leaders  	    1-3
             Employees	    1-4

 II.      GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 	   II-1
            UNSAFE SITUATIONS 	   II-1
            PROTECTIVE GEAR	   II-1
            RADIOACTIVITY AND EXPLOSIVITY 	   II-2
            SAMPLE HANDLING 	   II-2
            FORBIDDEN PRACTICES 	   II-3
            HEALTH AND TRAINING	   II-3

III.       SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR FIELD EVALUATIONS OF
            HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES 	  III-1
            INTRODUCTION  	  III-1
            INFORMATION REVIEW AND RECONNAISSANCE 	  III-l
            FIELD SAMPLING	III-2
              Clean Area	III-2
              Sampling Equipment  	  III-3
              Clothing	III-4
              SCBA/Respirators  	  III-6
              Sampling Procedures 	  III-7
           LEAVING THE SITE   	III-ll
           TRAINING   	  III-ll

 IV.      PACKAGING, MARKING, LABELING, AND SHIPPING OF
           HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLES 	   IV-1
           GENERAL PROVISIONS 	   IV-1
           PRELIMINARY STEPS  	   IV-2
           PACKAGING, MARKING & LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR
            UNANALYZED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLES,
            EXCLUDING DRUM SAMPLES  	   IV-2
         PACKAGING, MARKING & LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR
           UNANALYZED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLE TAKEN
           FROM CLOSED DRUMS	   IV-8

  V.      REGULATED LABORATORY PROCEDURES  	    V-1
           INTRODUCTION 	    V-1
           ACCESS - EXIT SAFEGUARDS	    V-2
           USE OF RESPIRATORS	    V-4
           PROTECTIVE CLOTHING  	    V-4
           SAMPLE PREPARATION - HANDLING AND STORAGE  	    V-5
           HOUSEKEEPING 	    V-6
           USE OF EQUIPMENT	    V-7
           WASTE DISPOSAL	    V-8
           SPILL CLEANUP PROCEDURES 	    V-9
           ADDITIONAL WORK PRACTICE & ENGINEERING CONTROLS
             FOR UNIQUE HAZARD SITUATIONS 	    V-9

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                            APPENDICES
     A    Personal  Protective Clothing
     B    EPA Medical  Monitoring Guidelines
     C    Training  Requirements
     D    Incompatible Waste
     E    Poison Control  Centers
     F    Substances Posing Potential  Carcinogenic Risk
                              FIGURES
1     On-site Decontamination of Protective Clothing  .  .  .   III-5
2    Remote Removal  of Barrel  Bung   	   III-8
3    Remote Sampling   	   II1-9
4    Sample Identification Tags  	   IV-4
5    Chain-Of-Custody Records   	   IV-6, 7

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                                                                        1-1
                                                                      (9/79)
                            I.   INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE


     This manual  is intended to provide a basic framework for the safe con-

duct of hazardous waste site (HWS) investigations.   It is prepared for use

by EPA, State agency and contractor personnel.   It is designed to provide

guidance to program managers, supervisors, project leaders,  organizational

safety officers,  and individual investigators.


     Clearly, every safety hazard associated with HWS investigations cannot

be anticipated;  and accordingly, rules cannot be developed for every contin-

gency that could arise.  Consequently, a practical  safety program consists

of:   (a) rules and adherence thereto,  and (b) the application of common

sense, judgment,  and technical analysis.  All employees are, therefore,

required to enforce and adhere to the  published rules, but more importantly

they are required to maintain a high level of safety consciousness.   The

latter involves  constant vigilance for unsafe or potentially hazardous con-

ditions or practices, and immediate corrective action as necessary to ame-

liorate or avoid the condition or practice.


     HWS investigations, by their very nature, require extraordinary precau-

tions to prevent loss of life, injury, or health hazard to investigators

and the public.   This responsibility transcends all others related to HWS

investigations.
RESPONSIBILITIES



     Responsibilities for implementing safe HWS investigation procedures,

and specifically for the requirements contained in this manual, are de-

scribed below.

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                                                                        1-2
                                                                      (9/79)
Program Managers



     Program Managers* are responsible for the overall  effectiveness of the

safety program.   Specifically,  this includes appropriate emphasis; providing

adequate manpower, equipment, and time resources to conduct an investigation

safely; and appropriate disciplinary action when unsafe acts or practices

occur.
Occupational Health and Safety Officers



     The organization Safety Officer is appointed by the Program Manager.

He is responsible for overall coordination of safety matters within the

organization.   He advises the program manager, first-line supervisors, and

project leaders regarding safety matters; recommends policy on matters not

specifically addressed by other rules, regulations,  statutes, or this manual;

researches and disseminates information regarding known hazardous conditions,

practices, or standards; conducts a safety training program for organization

personnel; follows up on corrective actions; evaluates new procedures; main-

tains awareness of parallel programs; and generally monitors the HWS investi-

gation safety program.
First-Line Supervisors



     First-Line Supervisors are responsible for maintaining a high level of

safety consciousness among the group supervised, and for implementing a

strong safety program within the unit.  This broad general responsibility

includes ensuring that proper equipment is available and in working order;

that proper clothing is available and supplies are maintained; that em-

ployees are adequately trained and frequently updated on pertinent safety
*  In EPA:  Assistant Administrators, Deputy Assistant Administrators,
   Regional Administrators

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                                                                        1-3
                                                                      (9/79)
matters; and that appropriate corrective and/or disciplinary actions are
recommended in cases of negligence in safety matters or violation of safety
regulations.
Field and Laboratory Safety Coordinators

     Safety Coordinators are appointed by First-Line Supervisors.   They are
field or laboratory personnel whose primary duties may be technical, but
who are responsible for overall safety of individual projects or operations.
In larger operations, the Safety Coordinator may devote full time to over-
seeing safety.  Field Safety Coordinators are expected to:   focus on the
hazards associated with particular projects and to assist the Project Leader
in developing the safety aspects of the project plan; continually review
safety matters during field operations; immediately call to the attention
of the Project Leader any unsafe condition or practice noted; and critique
the safety aspects of the project during debriefings or in followup reports.

     Laboratory Safety Coordinators, similarly, focus on particular opera-
tions; conduct laboratory inspections; review procedures; and provide timely
advice and information to the First-Line Supervisor.  In controlled or regu-
lated laboratories, the Safety Coordinator reviews              to be per-
formed before that process is initiated.
Project Leaders

     Project Leaders are responsible for ensuring that HWS investigations
are conducted according to established safety procedures, rules, and regu-
lations; devising investigative techniques that enhance safety; taking par-
ticular concern and appropriate precautions to prevent injury of employees
and the public; and initiating immediate corrective action when an unsafe
procedure or condition is noted.

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                                                                        1-4
                                                                      (9/79)
Employees


     All personnel engaged in HWS investigations are required to become
thoroughly familiar with, and to conform to, the provisions of this manual,
and such other safety directives as may be considered appropriate by Program
Managers, Organization Safety Officers, Supervisors, and Project Leaders.
Personnel are encouraged to offer ideas, suggestions or recommendations
regarding any operational condition, procedure or practice, that may enhance
the safety of affected personnel or the public.

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                                                                       II-l
                                                                      (9/79)
                    II. ' GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
UNSAFE SITUATIONS

     All employees are directed to bring to the attention of the most readily
accessible Supervisor any unsafe condition, practice,  or circumstance associa-
ted with or resulting from hazardous waste site (HWS)  investigations.

     In cases of immediate hazard to employees or the  public, any employee
on the scene should take all  practicable steps to eliminate or neutralize
the hazard;  this may include leaving the site.  Followup consultation with
the Project Leader or Supervisor must then be made at  the first opportunity.
In such circumstances the Project Leader or Supervisor must take, or cause
to be taken, the necessary steps to ensure that the investigation can be com-
pleted safely.   Such steps may include changes in procedure, removal or neu-
tralization of a hazard, consultation with appropriate experts, or bringing
in specialists such as Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) units.  In cases
where the hazard is not immediate, the employee should consult the Supervisor
or management regarding appropriate corrective measures.  Application of this
rule requires exercising good judgment and common sense by all employees.


PROTECTIVE GEAR

     Protective headgear, eyewear, footwear, and clothing are to be worn at
all times on abandoned hazardous waste sites [see Appendix A].  Likewise,
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) will be worn unless the on-scene
Project Leader has determined that the ambient air may be safely inhaled.
On-scene Project Leaders should exercise informed judgment on protective
gear requirements at active sites, or in cases where sites have been re-
peatedly entered or occupied without apparent harm.  In any case where
doubt exists, the safe course of action must be taken.  SCBA will be worn

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                                                                       II-2
                                                                      (9/79)
at all times when containers of suspected hazardous materials are being

opened, or when operating in buildings or other enclosed spaces suspected

of containing hazardous substances (see Chapter III).




RADIOACTIVITY AND EXPLOSIVITY



     All suspect sites must be checked for radioactivity and explosivity

during first entry onto the site.   Normal background radioactivity is ap-

proximately 0.02 mr/hr; however activity of 10.0 mr/hr is acceptable for

the period of exposure associated with a hazardous waste site investiga-

tion.   Detecting levels of activity significantly greater than normal

background is cause for a very careful survey of the entire site; if levels

approaching 10 mr/hr are encountered, the advice of a competent radiation

health physicist must be sought before continuing operations on the site.


                                                 *
     If explosivity readings greater than 20% LEL  (not 20% concentration,

which is frequently much higher than 20% LEL) are detected, very careful

survey of the area, including ground-, waist-, and head-level readings,

must be made.  Readings approaching or exceeding 50% LEL are cause for im-

mediately withdrawing personnel and notifying the fire department.  A

Supervisor or management is then to be consulted for direction regarding

further operations.  Supervisors or managers are then to take, or cause to

be taken, actions necessary to safely resume the investigation.




SAMPLE HANDLING


     Samples of runoff, ambient air, or groundwater from an HWS, or pos-

sibly affected areas, may be moved directly into laboratories and handled

with normal safety precautions, unless the Supervisor or Project Leader
   LEL = Lower Explosive Limit

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                                                                       II-3
                                                                      (9/79)
determines that special  handling is appropriate.   However,  samples of
liquids or solid materials removed from containers or certain spill
areas are to be processed and diluted in a controlled,  or regulated,
lab before analysis (see Chapters III and V).


FORBIDDEN PRACTICES

     The following practices are expressly forbidden during operations on
suspected or known hazardous waste disposal sites:

1.   Smoking, eating or drinking while on site.

2.   Ignition of flammable liquids within, on,  or through improvised  heating
     devices (barrels, etc.), or space heaters.

3.   Entry into areas or spaces where toxic or explosive concentrations of
     gases or dust may exist without proper equipment available to enable
     safe entry.

4.   Conduct of on-site operations without off-site backup  personnel.*


HEALTH AND TRAINING

     All employees who will  engage in HWS field investigations or lab-
oratory analyses must complete a comprehensive health examination, be
shown to be free of residual effects of exposure to hazardous materials,
and be in general good health and physical condition.  The  comprehensive
examination is to be repeated at intervals no greater than  annually for
so long as the employee continues HWS investigative work [see Appendix B].
* On-scene Project Leaders should exercise informed judgment regarding the
  necessity for off-site backup at active sites,  or in cases where sites
  have been repeatedly entered or occupied without apparent harm.   In any
  case where doubt exists, off-site backup must be provided.

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                                                                       II-4
                                                                      (9/79)
     All employees engaged in HWS field work or laboratory analyses will

receive training in basic first aid,  cardie-pulmonary resuscitation, and

the use of protective clothing and equipment [see Appendix C].  Management

is responsible for providing training at the earliest practicable time, and

refresher training at appropriate intervals.



     Management, Supervisors, and Project Leaders are required to famil-

iarize themselves with the EPA Occupational  Health and Safety Manual;

29 CFR* 1910; 29 CFR 1960; and EPA Accident Reporting Procedures.
   *  CFR = Code of Federal Regulations

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                                                                      III-l
                                                                      (9/79)
            III.   SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR FIELD EVALUATIONS
                         OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
INTRODUCTION



     The Project Leader is responsible for establishing, and adjusting as

necessary, the level of safety precautions appropriate to the individual

hazardous waste site (HWS) being evaluated — such as use of SCBA, etc.

The Project Leader ensures that all participants conduct their work in

accordance with the study plan and applicable safety rules.   He/she is

authorized to direct any assigned employee to leave the HWS if the employee

fails to observe safety requirements or in any way creates a safety hazard.
INFORMATION REVIEW AND RECONNAISSANCE



     Developing a safe plan of HWS investigation must be preceded by

thorough evaluation of existing data and a reconnaissance (see "Waste

Disposal Site Hazard Assessment Manual").  The information search may

indicate possible chemical hazards such as the presence of incompatible

chemicals, toxic gases, explosives, etc. [see Appendix D].  Such indica-

tions will provide insight to specific safety precautions needed.  Simi-

larly, a perimeter inspection or aerial imagery, followed by an on-site

reconnaissance, will reveal safety hazards requiring special attention.



     The safety precautions necessary in field investigations will normally

become more complex as the following order of tasks brings investigative

personnel progressively closer to actual contact with waste materials:



1.   Environmental Measurements (Off-site)

     a.   Ambient air
     b.   Runoff
     c.   Groundwater (existing wells)
     d.   Peripheral test holes

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                                                                      III-2
                                                                      (9/79)
     On-site Measurements (Accessible)

     a.    Soil
     b.    Spilled material
     c.    Air
     d.    Exposure (bioassay)
     e.    On-site wells
     On-Site Measurements (Entry)

     a.    Barrels
     b.    Tanks
     c.    Enclosed spaces
     d.    Test holes
     e.    Feed and process lines and valves
     f.    Sewers and manholes
     It follows that the safety considerations in design of the investigation

indicate selection of investigative methods that will  minimize safety require-

ments and meet project objectives (i.e., enforcement or cleanup).



     The information review and reconnaissance should also include careful

examination of possible hazards to the public.  Such hazards may include

contamination of groundwater supplies by drilling operations, release of

toxic gases, or explosion/fire.  Any such hazards must be avoided or eli-

minated, or appropriate measures must be taken to protect the public and

public property.  Any indication of the presence of explosives is to be

the basis for an initial investigation and appropriate followup by Army

Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) personnel or police explosives unit.



     Before entry on a suspect or known HWS, all investigative personnel

must know the locations and emergency telephone numbers for the nearest

medical facility, ambulance service, fire department,  police department,

poison control centers [see Appendix E], and EPA Office contact.




FIELD SAMPLING



Clean Area



     During operations on a suspect or known HWS, a "clean" area must be

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                                                                      III-3
                                                                      (9/79)
established outside the area of suspected contamination.   At least one
backup team member* will remain in this area to:

1.    Assist in emergency removal  of team members  from the HWS in the
     event of accident or injury.   The backup must have readily avail-
     able protective clothing, breathing apparatus and first aid equip-
     ment.

2.    Assist in moving equipment,  samples, and supplies.

3.    Provide communication to emergency units.**

4.    Assist in decontamination or removal of contaminated clothing from
     the individuals emerging from the contaminated area.

5.    As appropriate, prevent entry of unauthorized persons to the
     HWS while operations are underway.

6.    Provide other assistance as necessary, but with the primary objec-
     tive of facilitating safe transfer of personnel and equipment to
     and from the contaminated area.

Sampling Equipment

     As a general rule, sampling equipment used on an HWS should be dis-
posable.  Dippers, scoops, and similar devices for solids samples should
be buried onsite, or placed in plastic bags for disposal or later decon-
tamination.  Liquid samples from barrels or tanks should be withdrawn in
inert tubing, such as glass, and the tubing should then be broken and
abandoned within the barrel or tank.   If incineration or recycling of
barrel contents is contemplated, the tubing may be disposed of in other
 * On-scene Project Leaders may exercise informed judgment regarding the
   need for off-site backup at active sites, or in cases where sites have
   been repeatedly entered or occupied without apparent harm.  In any case
   where doubt exists, the safe course of action must be taken.
** Radio contact must be maintained when visual contact cannot be maintained.

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                                                                      III-4
                                                                      (9/79)
suitable containers,  or buried on the site.   The widely discussed Com-
posite Liquid Waste Sampler (or "Coliwasa")  is unsuitable for use on HWS
investigations because it is extremely difficult to decontaminate under
field conditions.
Clothing

     Protective clothing must be worn by all  assigned personnel  while on
a suspected or confirmed HWS, until  sufficient data has been acquired to
enable the Project Leader to make an informed judgment regarding the
need.  Project Leaders must weigh the fact that fatigue and alertness on
the part of the team members is a significant safety factor.   Protective
clothing is cumbersome, hastens the on-set of fatigue, and limits stay-time.
In the absence of clear indications that work can proceed safely without
protective clothing, required items include chemical-resistant pants and
jacket, rubber boots, protective gloves, hard hat or head cover, face
shield or chemical safety glasses [see Appendix A].

     Disposable and reuseable clothing is available, and each has advan-
tages and disadvantages.  The presently available disposable clothing is
fragile, easily torn, and especially vulnerable during cold weather.
The "bootees" that are furnished with this clothing are highly vulner-
able and are of limited value on rough ground or for walking through
snagging objects.  Reuseable clothing is available in much sturdier fabric
and is generally preferred.  The disadvantage is the necessity for decon-
tamination on-site, or careful packaging, shipment, and later decontami-
nation.  The reuseable suits are worn with heavy rubber slip-on boots,
which are easily decontaminated on-site with reagent solution [see Figurel],

     Full-decontamination of reusable suits is accomplished in two steps.
The first step is performed on-site using a reagent solution selected
beforehand in consultation with Chemistry and Biology personnel, based
on limited knowledge of chemical and biological hazards on the site at
that time.  After cleansing, protective clothing is turned inside out,
if feasible, and sealed in plastic bags for return shipment.  The second
decontamination step is taken later, after enough of the sample has been

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                                                                        III-5
                                                                        (9/79)
FIGURE 1.    ON-SITE  DECONTAMINATION OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

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                                                                      III-6
                                                                      (9/79)
laboratory-analyzed to determine what decontamination reagents are most
suitable for each case.   This second cleaning is then performed by per-
sonnel wearing disposable safety clothing.   Waste decontamination solution
from the second step should be treated as hazardous waste and disposed
of according to appropriate regulations.


SCBA/Respirators

     Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn on-site when:

1.   Still air conditions prevail.
2.   Containers of unknown or known hazardous materials are being opened.
     When in enclosed spaces, such as unventilated buildings or rooms.
4
     Under any circumstances where free-flow of air uncontaminated by
     toxics is in doubt;

     In cases where the Project Leader has determined that on-site work
may proceed without use of SCBA, participating personnel must carry res-
pirators having organic vapor protection cartridges, or combination car-
tridges.  An oxygen meter should be used to determine that at least 19.5%
oxygen is present in the area where respirators are to be used.  Respirators
should be donned immediately upon experiencing breathing difficulty, dizzi-
ness or other distress, strong taste or smell, or mere judgement that pre-
caution is in order.  Once respirators have been donned, team members should
withdraw from the site pending a decision by the Project Leader regarding
continued operations.  Cartridge respirators should not be relied upon for
protection from organic vapors for extended periods.  [See Appendix A for
more information.]
     Remember:
1.   Respirator cartridges for organic vapors function as adsorbants.  Once
     adsorptive capacity is reached, the cartridge no longer functions.*
2.   Cartridge respirators do not supply oxygen.  They are of no use
     in oxygen deficient atmospheres.*
*  See Pritchard, J., "A Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection",
   NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1976.

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                                                                      III-7
                                                                      (9/79)
Sampling Procedures

     Sampling methods are described in the "Waste Disposal  Site Hazard
Assessment Manual."  As indicated under "Field Sampling"  above, disposable
sampling equipment should be used wherever possible.   The guiding safety
principle is to prevent exposure of personnel  doing sampling,  packaging,
shipping, analysis, and to prevent exposure of others to  spilled or resi-
dual waste materials.

     Containers (drums, tanks etc.) should only be sampled when necessary
to meet enforcement or cleanup requirements.   Opening drums or other
sealed containers may be hazardous to sampling personnel  unless proper
safety procedures are followed.   Gases can be  released, or pressurized
liquids can be expelled.  A drum should not be moved or opened unless it
can be ascertained beyond reasonable doubt that the drum  is structurally
sound.  Drums standing on end, with bung up,  should be opened by pneumatic
impact wrench, operated from a remote site [Figure 2].  Drums on sides
may be opened similarly if it is possible to safely rotate the drum so
that the bung is high.  If the bung can be removed, sampling contained
liquids may be safely accomplished by glass tube, which is then broken
and discarded within the barrel.  A barrel that has a badly rusted bung,
or that cannot be sampled as above, may be safely sampled with a hydraulic
penetrating device [Figure 3] operated remotely.   The device is then
abandoned in place, and disabled to prevent further withdrawal of liquids.
Sealed or closed tanks should be opened remotely, using ropes to lift
hatches, etc.

     In general, metal sample containers should not be used on HWS investi-
gations; if used, they must be grounded, preferably to the drum or tank
being sampled, while sample transfer is accomplished.

     In all cases of entry into closed containers, the local fire department
should be asked to stand by.  In any case wherein presence of explosives is
suspected or known, Army EOD or police bomb squads should be requested to
remove or neutralize such materials.  In no event may EPA employees handle
explosives encountered on dump sites.

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                                                                               III-8
                                                                               (9/79)
Remote bung removal.   Man in back-
ground, dressed in protective cloth-
ing, operates bung-removal equipment
on drum in foreground.
Bung-removal equipment; drum
on end.
     Equipment closeup.
    Remote bung-removal  setup;
    drum on side.
                    FIGURE 2.  REMOTE REMOVAL OF BARREL BUNG

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                                                                                 HI-9
                                                                                 (9/79)
Remote operation of penetrating
sampling device.
Sampling device penetrating drum.
  Drum attachment, connecting
  tube, and hand-held activator.
Remote sampling equipment.
                          FIGURE  3.   REMOTE  SAMPLING

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                                                                                    111-10
                                                                                    (9/79)
     Subsurface sampling of an HWS can also create hazards to employees
and the public, unless adequate safety precautions are followed.   Biodegra-
dation of refuse in dumps produces methane and other explosive gases.
The escaping gases may be ignited by drill rigs or other ignition sources.
Drilling into dump sites may cause discarded incompatibles to be mixed
and thereby create reactive mixtures [see Appendix D].  Dump sites where
leachate plumes are contained on impervious strata may be interconnected
with producing aquifers if drilling is not planned according to competent
groundwater technology and data.

     Drilling in HWS investigations should be confined to the periphery
of dump sites, with the objective of characterizing the leachate that
may be moving away from the site.  If subsurface sampling of dump sites
is necessary, excavation must be accomplished by hand, and with spark-free
equipment.

     All drilling associated with HWS investigations must be accomplished
under the responsible supervision of a competent geohydrologist, groundwater
geologist,  geological engineer, or a person similarly qualified by experience.
Drilling must be preceded by sweeps with metal detectors, and drilling
must be limited to areas where the presence of buried drums or tanks is
not indicated.  Test holes must be cased or plugged when the investigation
is completed.

     Ambient air sampling on an HWS must be accomplished with spark-free
equipment if explosive vapors are present (most hi-vol samplers are spark
sources).

     Samples from HWS must not be preserved, or "fixed," by the addition
of chemicals (see "Waste Disposal Site Hazard Assessment Manual" regarding
cooling of samples in ice chests or refrigerators).

     HWS sample volume should be the smallest consistent with analytical
requirements.  Sample containers must be cleaned and free of spilled or
residual waste material, on the exterior of the container, prior to ship-
ment (see Chapter IV - "Shipment of HWS Samples").

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                                                                      III-ll
                                                                      (9/79)
LEAVING THE SITE



     Procedures for leaving the suspect contaminated area must be planned

before entry.   Provision must be made for:   decontamination and safe packing

of protective clothing; burial or safe packing of disposable gear; handling

of samples and preparation of samples for shipment;  transfer of equipment,

gear, and samples from the "contaminated" area to the "clean" area; etc.

Sequences will depend on several variables — such  as SCBA inside or

outside of protective clothing — but must be worked out in advance.




TRAINING



     Personnel to be assigned on-site duties in HWS  investigations must

be provided hands-on training [see Appendix C] on simulated sites, to

achieve competence in the safety and operational aspects.  Preparation

for on-site investigations must include detailed briefings, particularly

for inexperienced personnel.   The requirement for planning and carefully-

thought-out sequences must be stressed.

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                                                                       IV-1
                                                                      (9/79)
          IV.   PACKAGING,  MARKING,  LABELING,  AND SHIPPING OF
                     HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLES
GENERAL PROVISIONS



     These procedures apply to samples collected from a hazardous waste

site (HWDS), but which in the judgment of the Project Leader cannot be

considered to be "environmental" samples.


  •  Unanalyzed HWS samples may not be fixed with any preservative or pre-

     served with ice or dry ice.



     If a material specifically identified in the Department of Transpor-

     tation (DOT) Hazardous Material Table (49 CFR 172.101) is known to be

     contained in an HWS sample, that sample should be transported as pre-

     scribed in the table.   Samples that are judged to be environmental

     samples may be shipped according to letters of understanding granted

     EPA by DOT.   Other specific exemptions may also apply (e.g., use of

     Labelmaster, Inc.  package #38, or Dow Chemical Co.  Imbiber Pack for

     shipment of Poison B,  n.o.s.  by United Parcel Service).



     Unanalyzed HWS samples may be transported by rented or common carrier

     truck, bus,  railroad,  and by Federal  Express Corporation* (air cargo);

     but they may not be transported by any other common carrier air transport,

     even "cargo only" aircraft.  Those samples taken from closed drums or

     tanks, however, should not ordinarily be transported by Federal Express.

     (See 1 and 2 in "Packaging, Marking and Labeling Requirements for Un-

     analyzed Hazardous Waste Site Samples Taken From Closed Drums" on

     p. IV-8.)
*  These procedures are designed to enable shipment by entities like
   Federal Express; however, they should not be construed as an endorse-
   ment by EPA of a particular commercial carrier.

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                                                                       IV-2
                                                                      (9/79)
     If samples  are transported by any type of government-owned vehicle,  in-
     cluding aircraft,  DOT regulations are not applicable.   However,  EPA  per-
     sonnel  will  use the packaging procedures  described below except  that
     the bill  of lading with certification form does  not have to be executed
     (see "Shipping Papers" on p.  IV-5).

PRELIMINARY  STEPS

     The following procedures should be followed before samples are
shipped:

  •   Conduct a radiation measurement to eliminate the possibility of  a
     sample  being radioactive.

     Place a sufficient quantity of sample in  glass and/or polyethylene
     containers  to determine whether sample material  will react with  or
     substantially reduce the effectiveness of the container (this should
     be done at  time of sampling).

  •   Pack samples according to either "Packaging, Marking and Labeling Re-
     quirements  for Unanalyzed Hazardous Waste Site Samples, Excluding Drum
     Samples," or "Packaging, Marking and Labeling Requirements for Unanalyzed
     Hazardous Waste Site Samples taken from Closed Drums," as discussed  below.
PACKAGING, MARKING AND LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR
UNANALYZED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLES, EXCLUDING DRUM SAMPLES

1.   Collect sample in a 16-ounce* or smaller glass or polyethylene
*  Large quantities, up to one gallon, taken from wells may be collected
   if the flash point of the sample can be determined to be 73°F or higher.
   In this case, such should be marked on the outside container (carton, etc.)
   but only a single (one gallon or less) bottle may be packed in an outside
   container.  Ten percent ullage and requirements 2,5,6, and 7 below must
   also be followed.  On the shipping papers state that "flash point is 73°F
   or higher."

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                                                                       IV-3
                                                                      (9/79)
     container with nonmetallic,  teflon-lined screw cap.   Allow sufficient

     ullage (approximately 10% by volume) so container is not liquid full

     at 130°F.  If collecting a solid material,  the container plus  contents

     shall  not exceed 1  pound net weight.  If sampling for volatile organic

     analysis (VOA), fill  special VOA container to septum but use  special

     cap to accomplish an  air space within the  container.



2.    Attach properly completed sample identification tag [Figure 4] to

     sample container.



3.    Seal sample container and place in 2-mil-thick (or thicker) polyethy-

     lene bag, one sample  per bag.   (Tags should be positioned to  enable

     them to be read through bag.)


4.    Place sealed bag inside a metal can with incombustible, absorbent

     cushioning material (e.g., vermiculite or earth) to prevent breakage,

     one bag per can.  Pressure-close the can and use clips, tape  or other

     positive means to hold the lid securely, tightly and effectively.



5.    Mark and label this container as indicated in No. 8 below.



6.    Place one or more metal cans (or a single 1-gallon bottle; see foot-

     note on p. IV-2), surrounded with incombustible packaging material for

     stability during transport,  into a strong outside container,  such as

     a picnic cooler or a  fiberboard box.


7.    Mark and label the outside container and complete shipping papers

     as described in No. 8 below.


8.    Marking and labeling:  Use abbreviations only where specified.  Place

     the following information on a metal can (or bottle), either  hand

     printed or in label form:  laboratory name and address and "Flammable

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION



AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT
BUILDING 53, BOX 25227
DENVER,


INVESTIGATIONS CENTER l,V
, DENVER
COLORADO




FEDERAL CENTER IL—
80225 \Q)



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(9/79)

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                                                                       IV-5
                                                                      (9/79)
                                                                       *
     Liquid,  n.o.s.",  (if not liquid,  write  "Flammable  Solid,  n.o.s.").

     Place the following labels on the outside  of  the can  (or  bottle),  next

     to one another and near the "Flammable  liquid,  n.o.s."  marking:



          "Cargo Aircraft Only"; "Flammable  Liquid";  (if not liquid,

          "Flammable Solid"  and "Dangerous When Wet").
     Note:   If the cans are placed in an exterior container,  both  that con-
     tainer and inside cans must have the same markings  and labels as  above.
     "Laboratory Samples"  and "THIS SIDE UP"  or "THIS  END  UP" should also  be
     marked on the top of  the outside container,  and upward pointing arrows
     should be placed on all  four sides  of the exterior  container.
     Shipping Papers:   Use abbreviations  only where specified below.


     Complete the carrier-provided bill  of lading and sign the certification

     statement (if carrier does not provide,  use standard industry form)  with

     the following information in the order listed.   One form may be  used for

     more than one exterior container.
          "Flammable Liquid,  n.o.s."  (or "Flammable Solid,  n.o.s",  as
          appropriate);  "Cargo Aircraft Only";  "Limited Quantity"  or
          "Ltd.  Qty.";  "Laboratory Samples";  "Net Weight	"
          or "Net Volume 	" (of hazardous contents),  by item,
          if more than  one metal  can  is inside  an exterior  container.
          The net weight or net volume must be  placed just  before  or
          just after the "Flammable Liquid, n.o.s." or "Flammable
          Solid, n.o.s." description.

     A Chain-of-Custody Record form [Figure 5]  should also  be properly
     executed, and included in the exterior container.
*  Using "Flammable" does not convey the certain knowledge that a sample
   is in fact flammable,  or how flammable,  but is intended to prescribe
   the class of packaging in order to comply with DOT regulations,- "n.o.s."
   means not otherwise specified.

-------
 IV-6
(9/79)
. ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
ng 53, Box 25227, Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
MENTAL PROTECTION AHFMOV NATIONAL
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IV-7
MENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
25227, Denver Federal Center
r, Colorado 80225
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY «„ .... ~.- ~. D0™™ r,tr^~r,~ NATIONAL ENFORCE
Office of Enforcement CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD Buying 53 Box
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                                                                       IV-8
                                                                      (9/79)
9.    Unless samples are driven to the laboratory,  an EPA employee will  ac-

     company shipping container(s) to the transport carrier and,  if required,

     open outside container(s) for freight inspection.
PACKAGING, MARKING AND LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR

UNANALYZED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE SAMPLES TAKEN FROM CLOSED DRUMS


1.    All samples from closed drums do not necessarily have to be shipped

     as below.   The Project Coordinator must make a judgement as to the

     hazard class of samples gathered.   This packaging, marking, labeling

     and shipping method provides a worst-case procedure for materials

     classed as "Poison A" (49 CFR 173.328).


2.    These samples may not be transported by Federal Express Corporation

     (air cargo) or other common carrier aircraft, or by rental, non-

     government aircraft.   (Samples may be shipped by ground transport

     or government aircraft.)


3.    Collect sample in a polyethlylene or glass container which is of an

     outer diameter narrower than the valve hole on a DOT Spec. 3A1800 or

     3AA1800 metal cylinder.  Fill sample container allowing sufficient

     ullage (approximately 10% by volume) so it will not be liquid-full at

     130°F.  If sampling for volatile organic analysis, fill special VOA

     container to septum,  but use special cap to achieve an air space

     within the container.  Seal sample container.


4.    Attach properly completed Sample Identification Tag [Figure 4]

     to sample container.


5.    With a string or flexible wire attached to the neck of the sample

     container, lower it into a metal cylinder which has been partially

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                                                                       IV-9
                                                                      (9/79)
     filled with incombustible,  absorbent,  loose packaging material  (ver-

     miculite or earth).   Allow sufficient  cushioning material  between the

     bottom and sides of  the container and  the metal  cylinder to prevent

     breakage.   After the cylinder is filled with cushioning material, drop

     the ends of the string or wire into the cylinder valve hole.   Only one

     sample container may be placed in a metal cylinder.



 6.   Replace valve and valve protector on metal  cylinder.



 7.   Mark and label cylinder as described in No. 10 below.



 8.   One or more cylinders may be placed in a strong outside container.



 9.   Mark and label outside container and complete shipping papers as

     described in No. 10  below.



10.   Marking and labeling:  Use abbreviations only where specified.   Place

     the following information on the side  of the cylinder, or on a tag

     wired to the cylinder valve protector, either hand-printed or in

     label form.


                                                                        *
          "Poisonous Liquid or Gas, n.o.s"; laboratory name and address.



     Place the following  label on the cylinder:   "Poisonous Gas".

     ("Poisonous Liquid"  label not acceptable here, even if liquid.)
     Note:   If the metal cylinders are placed in an outside container, both
     the container and cylinders inside must have the same markings and labels
     as above.   In addition, "Laboratory Sample", and "Inside Packages Comply
     With Prescribed Specifications" should be marked on the top of the out-
     side container. "THIS SIDE UP" marking should be placed on the outside
     container and upward pointing arrows on four sides.
*  Using "Poisonous" does not convey the certain knowledge that a sample
   is in fact poisonous, or how poisonous, but is intended to prescribe
   the class of packaging in order to comply with DOT regulations.

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                                                                       IV-10
                                                                      (9/79)
     Shipping Papers:   Complete the shipper-provided bill  of lading and sign

     the certification statement (if carrier does  not provide,  use standard

     industry form) with the following information in the  order listed.   One

     form may be used for more than one exterior container;  use abbreviations

     only as specified:


          "Poisonous Liquid, n.o.s"; "Limited Quantity"  or "Ltd.  Qty.";
          "Laboratory Samples"; "Net Weight	J1 or "Net Volume	    "
          (of hazardous contents),  by cylinder,  if more  than one cylin-
          der is inside an exterior container.   The net  weight  or net
          volume must be placed just before or just after  the "Poisonous
          Liquid, n.o.s" marking.


     A Chain-of-Custody Record form [Figure 5] should also be properly

     executed and included in the container.


11.   Unless samples are driven to the laboratory,  an EPA employee

     will accompany shipping containers to the transport carrier and,

     if required, open outside container(s) for freight  inspection.

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                                                                       V-l
                                                                      (9/79)
                  V.   REGULATED LABORATORY PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION


     Samples of undiluted wastes obtained from drums,  tanks,  other con-

tainers,  or spills,  must be processed through a regulated laboratory before

analysis  in the conventional  laboratory.*  The regulated lab  is  physically

separated from labs  analyzing "environmental" samples;  it is  provided with

a separate heating/cooling system and separate hood ducting;  and it provides

air-lock  entrances,  air-lock and shower-equipped change rooms,  etc.


     The  major activities in the regulated laboratory  are to:


          Receive hazardous waste samples while maintaining Chain-of-Custody.

          Store samples while they are being processed.

          Perform sample preparation procedures including sample extrac-
          tions, concentrations, dilutions, weighing,  and acid  digestions.
   Exceptions:  Laboratories having infrequent need to analyze small sam
   pies suspected of containing hazardous materials may do so if the lab-
   oratories meet the requirements of "Guidelines for The Laboratory Use
   of Chemical Substances Posing a Potential Carcinogenic Risk" [see
   Appendix F of this HWS Safety Manual].  Laboratories contemplating
   such activity should consult with:

               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
               Industrial Hygiene Programs Manager
               Office of Occupational Health and Safety (PM 273)
               Room 3503, Waterside Mall
               401 M Street, S.W.
               Washington, D.C.  70460

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                                                                       V-2
                                                                      (9/79)
          Perform routine tests such as flammability,  specific ion
          probe analysis (CN, S, pH, etc.), percent moisture,  and
          flame-ionization gas chromatographic screens.
          Prepare and maintain hazardous or toxic organic chemical
          standards.
          Provide sample extracts or digestates for further analysis
          in main laboratories.
ACCESS - EXIT SAFEGUARDS

1.   Personnel assigned to the regulated laboratory must participate in
     the medical monitoring program with preassignment and periodic health
     examinations, and records must be retained [see Chapter II and
     Appendix B].

2.   Before being allowed to enter a regulated area, each employee must
     have received specific training in the following areas:  the cancer-
     causing possibilities of these substances; the kind of assignments
     that could result in exposure; decontamination procedures; emergency
     procedures; the employee's specific role in recognizing situations
     that might result in the release of these substances; and first-aid
     procedures.  [See Appendix C.]

     This training must be repeated yearly following the initial indoctri-
     nation.  All  training materials and related information must be avail-
     able, on request, to the EPA Office of Occupational Health and Safety.
     Personnel must also be certified by the organizational Safety Officer.

3.   At least two persons must work in the regulated area when handling
     samples and standards.

4.   All personnel entering the regulated  area must sign the entry logbook
     and record the date, time in, time out, and the project to be worked on.
     The logbook entries are maintained chronologically but limited to one
     project per page.  Copies of the entry data are included with the project
     files.

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                                                                       V-3
                                                                      (9/79)
5.    Visitors must be accompanied by authorized personnel, visits kept
     as short as possible and groups kept small.   No visitors are ad-
     mitted when samples are being processed.

6.    Before beginning work inside the regulated area, the water supply
     valves are opened and water flow is verified in the shower, eyewash,
     and sink.

7.    The heating/cooling system must be adjusted to provide an acceptable
     working environment upon entry.

8.    The fume hood is turned on at all times when personnel are in the lab.
     The manometer is visually checked for a reading near the marked optimum
     level.

9.    There shall be no eating, drinking, smoking, chewing of gum or tobacco,
     application of cosmetics, or storage of food in laboratory areas where
     chemical carcinogens are used or stored.

10.  Entrances to all work areas where chemical carcinogens are being used
     or stored shall be posted with signs bearing the legend:  "CAUTION -
     CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN, Authorized Persons Only."

11.  Each vacuum service, including water aspirators, shall be protected
     with an absorbent or liquid trap and a HEPA* filter to prevent entry
     of any chemical carcinogen into the system.   When using a volatile
     carcinogen, a separate vacuum pump or other device placed in an ap-
     propriate laboratory-type hood shall be used.

12.  Mechanical pipetting aids shall be used for all pipetting procedures.
     Oral pipetting shall be prohibited.
*  HEPA = high efficiency particulate air

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                                                                       V-4
                                                                      (9/79)
13.   Before leaving a regulated area,  employees must wash their hands, fore-

     arms, faces, and necks.   Prior to leaving for the day, they must take

     showers.
USE OF RESPIRATORS


     A respirator-use program shall be provided for emergency and mainte-

nance personnel who enter areas where a potential  for inhalation exposure

to a chemical carcinogen is present.  This program shall  meet the require-

ments of the OSHA Safety and Health Standards for respiratory protection

as detailed in 29 CFR 1910.134.   The respirators shall  be selected in

accordance with the requirements of the National Institute for Occupa-

tional Safety and Health (NIOSH) under the provisions of 30 CFR 11.

The selection and use of respirators shall be approved by the Safety

Officer.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING


     Personnel working inside the regulated area must bring a change of

clothing to the lab in the event of accidental contamination.


     Protective clothing such as a fully fastened laboratory coat with

protective shoe covers (bootees) or a disposable jumpsuit shall be worn

in any work area in which chemical carcinogens are being used.   Clean

laboratory clothing shall be provided weekly, or when necessary, and

shall not be worn outside the work area.


     Clothing contaminated by chemical carcinogens shall be decontamin-

ated or disposed of immediately after an obvious exposure.   Contaminated

clothing shall not be sent to the laundry until decontaminated.

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                                                                       V-5
                                                                      (9/79)
     Gloves which are appropriate to the specific situation shall be used

when handling chemical carcinogens.   Disposable gloves shall be discarded

after each use and immediately after known contact with a chemical carcinogen.


     Devices to provide appropriate eye protection shall be worn in every

laboratory work area.
SAMPLE PREPARATION - HANDLING AND STORAGE


1.   Hazardous samples will be stored in the refrigerator at 4°C in the

     original metal cans.


2.   Samples will be opened only in the glove box by personnel wearing

     protective clothing.


3.   No more than one sample is allowed open in the glove box at one time.


4.   Samples will be placed back into the original containers and resealed

     before returning them to storage.


5.   If stock quantities of carcinogen reagents are used, they shall be

     stored in a properly ventilated storage area that is secured at all

     times.  The storage area shall be posted with a sign bearing the

     legend:  "CAUTION - CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN, Authorized Persons Only."

     An inventory of stock quantities shall be maintained by the labora-

     tory Safety Officer.  The inventory records shall include the quan-

     tities of chemical carcinogens acquired and dates of acquisition

     and disposition.  Storage vessels containing stock quantities shall

     be labeled:  CAUTION - CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN.


6.   See the specific sample preparation procedure for details of readying

     a sample for analysis.  The procedures described here reflect regulated-

     area operating procedures only.

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                                                                       V-6
                                                                      (9/79)
7.    Minimum quantities of water are used during sample handling and prepara-

     tion.   No solvents, samples or suspect contaminated materials are to be

     poured into any sink.   Generally, concentrated sample is to contact

     disposable glassware only.



8.    During sample preparation,  separate contaminated glassware (glassware

     contacting the sample) from glassware for reagent handling.  Disposable

     glassware, pipets, sample vials, etc., are placed in waste bottles for

     disposal.  Other glassware  is rinsed thoroughly (at least 3 rinses)

     with an appropriate solvent; the solvent is placed in waste bottles,

     and the glassware is washed with soap and water.



9.    Any contaminated glassware  or equipment that cannot be safely cleaned

     is to be disposed of.



10.  Storage vessels containing  samples or known carcinogens shall be first

     placed in an unbreakable outer container before being transported to

     laboratory work areas.



11.  Contaminated materials which are transferred from work areas to disposal

     areas shall be first be placed in a closed plastic bag or other suitable

     impermeable and sealed primary container.  The outer container shall be

     labeled with both the name  of the chemical carcinogen and the warning:

     CAUTION - CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN.


HOUSEKEEPING



     General housekeeping procedures which suppress the formation of aerosols

shall be used, such as the use of a wet mop or a vacuum cleaner equipped with

a HEPA filter to remove particulates.



     Dry sweeping and mopping are prohibited due to the hazard of aerosol

formation.   In those instances where samples or a known carcinogen is spilled,

special cleanup procedures/compounds shall be followed.  (See "Spill Cleanup

Procedures" on p. V-9.)

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                                                                       V-7
                                                                      (9/79)
     All work surfaces (bench tops,  hood floors,  etc.)  on which chemical  car-
cinogens are used shall  be covered with stainless steel  or plastic trays, dry
absorbent plastic-backed paper or other impervious material.   The protective
surfaces shall be examined for possible contamination immediately after com-
pleting each procedure that involves the chemical carcinogen.   Contaminated
surfaces shall be decontaminated or disposed of appropriately.
USE OF EQUIPMENT

     Procedures involving volatile samples or known carcinogens, and those
involving solid or liquid samples or known carcinogens that may result in
the generation of aerosols, shall be conducted in an open face laboratory-
type hood, a glove box or other suitable containment equipment.  Examples
of aerosol-producing procedures include:  the opening of closed vessels;
transfer operations; weighing; preparation of dry mixtures; and the appli-
cation, injection or intubation of a chemical carcinogen into experimental
animals.  With the approval of the Safety Officer, laminar flow safety
cabinets are suitable for conducting tissue culture and other biological
procedures involving chemical carcinogens.

     Primary containment equipment used for containment of chemical car-
cinogens shall display a label bearing the legend:  CAUTION - CHEMICAL
CARCINOGEN [see Appendix F for general information on primary containment
equipment].

     Analytical instruments should be placed entirely within an open-face
laboratory-type hood.  When this is impossible, vapors or aerosols produced
by these instruments shall be captured through local exhaust ventilation at
the site of their production.  When a sample is removed from the analytical
instrument, it should be placed in a tightly stoppered sample tube or other-
wise safeguarded from contaminating the laboratory.  In the event that the
analytical equipment becomes contaminated, it shall be labeled CAUTION -
CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN until it has been completely decontaminated.

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                                                                       V-8
                                                                      (9/79)
WASTE DISPOSAL



     The guiding principle behind waste disposal is that we are, or represent,

the EPA and are enforcing provisions of Federal Law regarding proper disposal

of waste material.  We must, therefore, endeavor to be meticulous with our

own waste disposal practices.



     In this regard, we shall in all respects comply with 40 CFR 250 even

though, strictly speaking, we may generate less than 100 kg per month of

waste material, and may not therefore be considered a waste "generator"

(40 CFR 250.29).



1.   All contaminated chemical wastes (solvent, sample, water, etc.) shall

     be placed  in waste bottles, the bottles labeled and placed into a

     contract hazardous waste disposal drum.  An inventory of the waste

     materials  shall be kept and a hazardous waste manifest given to the

     disposal contractor upon pickup (40 CFR 250.23).  (Waste bottles

     typically  are used solvent bottles that have been rinsed free of

     solvent.)



2.   Potassium  permanganate (KMn02) — not chromic acid solution

     K2Cr207/H2S04) — is used for glassware cleaning.



3.   Wastepaper, disposable protective clothing and contaminated dispos-

     able equipment are placed in heavy plastic bags; the bags taped shut

     and placed in the waste disposal drum as above.  Contaminated clothing,

     equipment  and spill cleanup materials will be disposed of immediately

     in this manner.  If items have protruding points that could puncture

     the plastic bags, use a cardboard carton, or similar device, inside

     the bags to prevent puncture.



4.   Sample cans containing broken or leaking samples are to be resealed

     and labeled as "Unknown Hazardous Organic Chemicals" and disposed of

     directly into the waste drum.

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                                                                       V-9
                                                                      (9/79)
SPILL CLEANUP PROCEDURES

1.    Small, contained spills such a pipet drippings, etc., covering a "limited
     area and involving a small quantity of material will be cleaned up with
     paper towels.   The area will then be wiped clean with solvent.  All con-
     taminated material, including rubber gloves, will be immediately disposed
     of.  If a sample container has leaked inside the metal  can, record the
     data from the sample tag, including the tag number, reseal and dispose
     of the sample.  Do not attempt to save the sample tag.

2.    In the event of an uncontained spill, assess possible personnel contami-
     nation first and evacuate the regulated area if necessary.   Also, if
     necessary, dispose of clothing; then shower, dress, and put on clean
     protective clothing before attempting cleanup.   (Note that spills
     should not exceed the volume of samples or about 100 ml in the worst
     case.)

3.    To cleanup a spill, change to heavy rubber gloves, use over-the-head
     protective hood or a respirator with organic vapor cartridge  (SCBA
     must be worn if cleanup time is to be extensive), and proceed to
     contain and cleanup the spill with paper towels.

4.    Wash the spill area with  solvent if possible,  followed by  soap and
     water.  Collect all wash  solutions and dispose of in waste containers.

5.    After cleanup, prepare a  detailed written description of the  spill
     and transmit it to the Supervisor and the organization Safety Officer,
     keeping a copy on record  in the regulated laboratory.
               ADDITIONAL WORK PRACTICE  AND  ENGINEERING  CONTROLS
               FOR UNIQUE HAZARD SITUATIONS

                    Additional work practice and engineering controls may be required

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                                                                       V-10
                                                                      (9/79)
for certain laboratory investigations that involve activities that pose
a higher potential hazard than those subject to the general requirements.
Additional requirements may also be needed for activities that involve
known highly potent chemical carcinogens, for example:   additional or
more frequent changes of protective clothing; increasing showering fre-
quency and shower facility requirements; use of primary containment de-
vices; special handling of exhaust air from primary containment devices;
work-area access control; and environmental monitoring where the potential
of exposure to a known potent chemical carcinogen is great.

     Personnel may also be required in some instances to wear full protec-
tive clothing such as pants and shirts or jumpsuits, special shoes or boots,
and head covers.

     This description of additional control measures that may be required
for specific activities or compounds is illustrative only and is in no way
meant to be all-inclusive.

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           APPENDIX A







  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT







         • Respirators



• Chemical Protective Clothing

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•                • Excerpts  From:   A Guide  to Industrial Respiratory Protection
ft                                • Typical  Vendor Literature*
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                           * Use of typical  vendor literature in this Manual
 •                          does not constitute official endorsement of
 •                          products by the Environmental Protection Agency.
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                                                                     A-1
LA-6S71-M
Manual
UC-41


Issued:  March 1977
                                 A Guide to

                    Industrial Respiratory Protection
                                       by


                                 John A. Pritchard
scientific laboratory

  of the University of California

    LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO 87545
     .
An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer
                                   UNITED STATES

                      ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

                               CONTRACT W-740S-ENG. 36

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A-2
                                   Work supported by the US Department of Health, Education, and
                                 Welfare, Public Health  Service, Center for Disease Control, National
                                 Institute for  Occupational Safety  and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.
                                               Printed in the United States of America. Available from
                                                     National Technical Information Service
                                                         U.S. Department of Commerce
                                                            5285 Port Royal Road
                                                            Springfield, VA 22161
                                                   Price:  Printed Copy $6.75 Microfiche $3.00

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                                                                                    A-3
                                 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 	     1

CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION  	    2
  Background	    2
  The Guide	    3

CHAPTER TWO. HISTORY OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION	    5

CHAPTER THREE. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND RESPIRATION	    9
  Metabolism	    9
  The Structure of the Respiratory System	   10
  The Mechanics of Respiration  	   11

CHAPTER FOUR. RESPIRATORY HAZARDS  	   16
  Respiratory Hazards	   16
  The Normal Atmosphere	   16
  Oxygen Deficiency  	   16
  Entry of Toxic Materials into the Body	   19
  Particulate Contaminants (Aerosols)	   20
  Gaseous Contaminants  	   21
  Expressing Air Contaminant Concentrations	   23
  Hazard Evaluation	   23

CHAPTER FIVE. RESPIRATORS 	   27
  General Respirator Classifications	   27
  Air-Purifying Respirators	   33
  Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators  	   43^

CHAPTER SIX. RESPIRATOR SELECTION  	   56
  OSHA Standards	   56
  ANSI Z^.2-1969  Standards	   57
  Selection	   57
  Selection of Respirators for Routine Use  	   57
  Selection of Respirators for Nonroutine and Emergency Use	   57
  Respira-,-.r Protection Factors	   58
  Exempt of Respirator Selection 	   58

CHAPTER SEVEN. RESPIRATOR USE	   65
  Legal h%uirements  	   65
  Practiccuties of Respirator Issue	   65
  Supervisor! of Respirator Use	   65
  Function! and Physical Characteristics  and Use Limitations
  of Resp^tors	   66

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     Respirator Use under Special Conditions	  68
     Special Problems in Respirator Use	  69

    CHAPTER EIGHT. TRAINING AND FITTING	  71
     Elements of an Adequate Training Program	  71
     Respirator Fitting Methods  	  72

    CHAPTER NINE. RESPIRATOR INSPECTION, CLEANING, MAINTENANCE,
    AND STORAGE	  79
     Elements of an Adequate Respirator Inspection, Cleaning,
     Maintenance, and Storage Program  	  79
     Inspection for Defects	  79
     Field Inspection	  80
     Cleaning and Disinfecting	  81
     Maintenance and Repair	  84
     Storage	  84

    CHAPTER TEN. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS ON
    RESPIRATOR USE	  87
     Physiological Limitations	  87
     Psychological Limitations 	  88

    CHAPTER ELEVEN. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION	  89
     Written  Standard Operating Procedures  	  89
     The Program Administrator	  90
     The Duties of the Program Administrator 	'	  91

    CHAPTER TWELVE. SURVEILLANCE AND PROGRAM EVALUATION  	  92
     Surveillance	  92
     Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness 	  92

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	93

    APPENDIX A. 29 CFR PART 1910.134	  94

    APPENDIX B. 30 CFR PART 11 	  98

    APPENDIX C. RESPIRATOR DRYING CABINET	  131

    APPENDIX D. QUANTITATIVE RESPIRATOR FITTING TEST PROCEDURES  ...  134

    APPENDIX E. QUANTITATIVE RESPIRATOR FITTING TEST EQUIPMENT ....  138

    APPENDIX F. JOINT NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATOR DECISION LOGIC  	  141

    APPENDIX G. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES	  153

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                                                                                    A-5
      A GUIDE TO INDUSTRIAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

                                 by

                         John A. Pritchard


                            ABSTRACT

  The  Occupational Safety and Health Act  of  1970  has increased  the
emphasis  on proper selection and use of respirators in situations where
engineering controls are not feasible or are being implemented. Although a
great deal of information on respiratory protection has been published, most
of it is more technical than necessary for the average user faced with day-
to-day problems of respiratory protection in industrial environments.
  This Guide is to provide the industrial user a single reference source con-
taining enough information for establishing and maintaining a respirator
program that meets the OSHA  requirements outlined in 29 CFR Part
1910.134. It includes chapters on respirator selection, use, maintenance, and
inspection, a complete description of all types of respirators and their ad-
vantages and limitations, and chapters on respirator  fitting and wearer
training, respiratory physiology, respiratory hazards, and physiological
and  psychological limitations. Also included are  samples of the decision
logic used in respirator selection,  guidance on setting  up an  adequate
respirator  program  through  formulation  of written standard  operating
procedures, and discussion of the meaning of the  "approved" respirator.

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 A-6
                                         CHAPTER ONE
                                        INTRODUCTION
  Until the enactment of the Williams and Steiger
Occupational Safety and  Health Act (OSHA)  in
1970, most guidance on respiratory protective device
(respirator) use in hazardous environments was ad-
visory  rather than mandatory.  Now, OSHA  Part
1910.134  (presented as Appendix A of this guide)
sets forth specific legal requirements for selection,
use,  and  maintenance  of respirators,  and gives
guidelines for establishing a respirator program  to
meet those requirements.  This guide is written  to
describe  methods for  meeting the  OSHA require-
ments, especially  for those whose knowledge  of
respirators is limited.  It is meant to complement,
not  replace,  other  publications  such  as  the
American Industrial Hygiene  Association  and
American Conference  of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) Respiratory Protective Devices
Manual.
BACKGROUND

  American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
Standard  Z88.2-1969,  "Practices for Respiratory
Protection," is the origin of the first six sections of
OSHA Part 1910.134, "Respiratory Protection." The
seventh section is a direct,  complete inclusion of
ANSI Standard K13.1-1969, "Identification of Gas
Mask Canisters."
  Certain aspects of ANSI Z88.2 deserve comment.
Each ANSI standard is  the consensus of the Stan-
dards Committee that created it. The Z88.2 com-
mittee consisted of 30 members and 17 alternates
representing government,  industry,  and respirator
manufacturers. The document  they  produced,  a
spin-off from the older ANSI Z2.1-1959, "American
National Standard Safety  Code for Head, Eye, and
Respiratory Protection," like all ANSI standards, is
to be revised every five years. At present, Z88.2 can
be used to further explain points in the OSHA stan-
dards, but it is an  advisory document only, not a
legal one. However, because insight into the OSHA
standards  may be  gained  by  reading the
corresponding parts of Z88.2, the reader is strongly
urged to use a copy as a companion to this guide. It
may be obtained from:

    American National Standards Institute, Inc.
    1430 Broadway
    New York,  NY 10018.

  The OSHA standards state that "approved or ac-
cepted respirators shall  be used  when  they are
available." That one sentence is the basis for much
of this guide. Legally, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration may recognize a respirator
evaluated by  any competent  authority as "ap-
proved." However, it has chosen to recognize only
those approved by the National Institute for Oc-
cupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and/or the
Mine  Enforcement  and  Safety  Administration
(MESA), the former obtaining its authority from
the OSHA  provisions and the  latter from those of
the 1969 Coal Mine  Health and  Safety  Act. The
NIOSH and MESA respirator performance require-
ments are given in Title 30, Code of Federal Regula-
tions, Part 11, commonly known as "Part 11." A copy
is presented as  Appendix B.
  The Bureau of Mines  (BOM) began  approving
self-contained breathing apparatus and gas masks
for  mine rescue work in 1919  and has added ap-
proval schedules for other types of respirators over
the years until NIOSH and MESA (which assumed
the BOM mine health and safety responsibilities)
started  the present  approval  program  in  1971.
NIOSH performs the respirator approval tests under
Part 11, and the results are reviewed by NIOSH and
MESA, who grant an approval. The reader should
become familiar with Part 11. Understanding of the
approval process may provide better understanding
of the conditions in which approved devices should,
and, more important, should not, be used.

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                                                                                                     A-7
  Contributing  further  to  the  confusion  about
respirator standards  is  the  fact  that  still other
Federal Regulations, Military Standards,  advisory
standards, etc., are made part of the OSHA require-
ments  by  reference.  Figure  1-1 shows  the  in-
terrelationship of all these standards.
THE GUIDE

  To be effective, a respirator guide must be almost
all-encompassing because:
  • Respirator users'  needs vary greatly.  A small
manufacturing concern may have to protect only
one or two employees from a single  hazardous at-
mosphere, perhaps only  infrequently.  A large
chemical company may have hundreds of workers
who must wear respirators more or less regularly in
many  different   hazardous atmospheres. Unfor-
tunately, the OSHA requirements do not  differen-
tiate between such large and small users.
  • Users'  knowledge  of  respiratory  protection
varies. A  small  firm may have  only  one, poorly
trained, employee. Large  concerns with extensive
respirator programs to cope with many  hazards
usually  hire  industrial  hygienists  and  safety
engineers  who  have  detailed  knowledge  of
respiratory protection.
  This  guide  is  designed to provide adequately
detailed  information  for  the  least knowledgeable
respirator user. There is a chapter on the basic con-
cepts of the pulmonary system and respiration, one
that describes and classifies  respiratory  hazards,
and  one on basic types  of approved respirators.
These  should  provide adequate background for a
satisfactory respirator program.
  Other  chapters, useful  to both experienced and
inexperienced  users, discuss  detailed methods for
providing OSHA's "minimal  acceptable respirator
program." The program requirements often can be
met in more than one way, and an attempt is made
to show how both large  and small  users can do so.
Respirator wearers' physiological and psychological
limitations are treated separately because of their
importance.
  To  conform  to  the  OSHA usage, "shall" is used
here  only  to indicate  an  OSHA  requirement.
"Should" indicates that an action  is  "strongly ad-
vised," but not legally  required. "May" indicates
that there  is a choice of actions.

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A-8
                     Marking of Gas Mask
                    and Chemical  Cartridge
                    Canisters and Cartridges
                     ANSI Standard K13 1
                          Quality Control
                           Requirements
                       MIL-STD-1050 or 414
                             Federal Coal Mine
                           Health and Safety Act
                             30 U S.C. 819(cl
                                      Breathing Air Standards
                                    Compressed Gas Association
                                     Commodity Specification
                                           G-7.1-1966
                                    ANSI Standard Z86.1-1972
                   Practices for
               Respiratory Protection
             ANSI Standard Z88.2-1969
              Shipping of Compressed
                  Gas Cylinders
                49 CFR Part 173
                   Marking of Compressed
                       Gas Cylinders
                 Federal Spec' BB-A-1034a
             Interim Federal Spec:  GG-B-006756
                            or
                 ANSI Standard Z48.M954
      Facepieces and
        Eyepieces
Federal Spec:  GGG M-125d
      Enamel Mist
         Tesi
Federal Spec: TT-E-4896
                                                                                                               Lacquer Mist
                                                                                                                  Test
                                                                                                          Federal Spec.  TT-L-31
                                                                                                                    United States
                                                                                                                    Pharmacopoeia
                                                                                                              (Oxygen Quality Standards)
                                                                                      Occupational
                                                                                   Safety and Health
                                                                                       Standards
                                                                                 29 CFR Part  1910 134
                                                                                        (OSHAI
                                                               Fig.  1-1.
                                                Sources  of the OSHA  standards.

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                                                                                                   A-9
                                          APPENDIX F

                JOINT NIOSH/OSHA STANDARDS COMPLETION PROGRAM

                               RESPIRATOR DECISION LOGIC

                                        AUGUST 2, 1976
I.  INTRODUCTION

  The purpose of the Respirator Decision Logic is to
assure technical accuracy and uniformity between
substances in the selection of respirators  and to
provide necessary criteria to support this selection.
The Decision Logic is a step-by-step elimination of
inappropriate respirators  until only those which are
acceptable  remain. Judgment  by persons
knowledgeable  of  inhalation  hazards  and
respiratory protection equipment is essential to en-
sure appropriate selection of respirators.
  The  primary  technical  criteria for  what con-
stitutes a permissible respirator are  based  on the
technical requirements of 30 CFR Part 11 (Depart-
ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Respiratory
Protective  Devices  and  Tests for Permissibility).
The proposed substance health standards will allow
only respirators approved by the Bureau of Mines
(or Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration
(MESA)) and NIOSH under 30 CRF 11. Classes of
respirators  are included only if at least  one device
has been approved.
  Protection factors are criteria used in determining
what limiting concentrations are to be permitted for
each respirator  type that  will  afford  adequate
protection to the wearer. The referenced subparts of
30 CFR 11 give technical descriptions of each type or
class of respirators referenced in the Decision Logic.
30 CFR 11 should be used with the Decision Logic in
order to  properly understand the criteria  for the
specification of allowable respirators.
II.  GENERAL
FLOWCHART
DECISION     LOGIC
Step 1 - Assemble Information on Substance

  Assemble  necessary  toxicological  safety,  and
research information  for  the  particular contami-
nant.  Typically the following are required:
(1)  Permissible exposure limits specified in 29 CFR
    1910.1000 (Tables Z-l, Z-2, and Z-3). These are
    the  former 29 CFR 1910.93 tables.
(2)  Warning  properties if the substance is a gas or a
    vapor. Refer to Part IV(8) of this logic.
(3)  Eye irritation potential of the substance. Refer
    to Part IV(D) of this logic.
(4)  LFL (Lower Flammable  Limit) for the sub-
    stance. Refer to Part IV(F) of this  logic.
(5)  Immediately  dangerous  to   life  and health
    (IDLH)  concentration for the substance.  See
    Part IV(E) of this logic.
(6)  Any possibility of poor sorbent efficiency  at
    IDLH concentration and below.  Refer to Part
    IV(C) of this logic.
(7)  Any  possibility of  systemic injury  or  death
    resulting from absorbance of the substance (as a
    gas  or vapor) through the skin.  Refer to Part
    IV(A) of  this logic.
(8)  Any possibility of severe skin  irritation resulting
    from contact of the skin with corrosive gases,
    vapors, or particulates (see  Part IV A of this
    logic).
                                                                                                 141

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 A-10

 (9) The  vapor  pressure  of the  substance (and
    equivalent ppm).
 (10) Any possibility of high heat of reaction with
     sorbent material in cartridge or canister.
 (11) Any possibility  of shock  sensitivity  of sub-
     stance sorbed on cartridge or canister sorbent.
Step 2 - Determine Physical State of Substance

  Determine the physical state(s) of the substance
as it is likely to be encountered in the occupational
environment. It  will be either:
               (A) Gas or vapor,
               (B) Particulate (dust,  fume or mist), or
               (C) Combination of (A) and (B).
             Step 3  -  Assemble a  Table  of Permissible
             Respiratory Protection for Substance

               This is done using the material from Step 1 and
             the appropriate  specific  decision logic chart from
             Part HI of this logic and  the respirator protection
             factors in Appendix I. Classes of respirators are in-
             cluded only if at least one device has been approved.
      III.A.  SPECIFIC DECISION  LOGIC CHART FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
      AGAINST GASES OR VAPORS
            Condition
Selection Sequence
            Routine Use
            Entry and Escape
            From Unknown
            Concentrations
            Firefighting


            Escape
(A) Consider irritation and sorption of the
material through the skin. (See IV A).

(B) Poor warning properties - eliminate
all air purfiying respirators (see IV B).

(C) Eye irritation - eliminate or restrict
use of half-mask respirators (see IV D).

(D) IDLH or LFL - above this concentration eliminate
all but positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus and combination positive pressure
supplied air respirator with auxiliary positive pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus  (see IV E and F).

(E) List all allowed respirators by condition
of use and type.

Use positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus or combination positive pressure supplied
air respirator with auxiliary positive
pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Use positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus.

Gas mask or escape self-contained
breathing apparatus (see IV C).
142

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                                                                                              A-11
III.B. SPECIFIC  DECISION LOGIC  CHART  FOR  RESPIRATORY  PROTECTION
AGAINST PARTICULATES
     Condition
     Routine Use
     Entry and Escape
     From Unknown
     Concentrations
     Firefighting
     Escape
Selection Sequence
(A) Consider skin irritation or sorption of
the material through the skin (see IV A).


(B) Eye irritation - eliminate or restrict
use of half mask respirator (see IV D).


(C) Systemic poison - eliminate single-use
respirator.


(D) For permissible exposures less than 0.05
mg/cu.m, - eliminate DFM respirators except with
high efficiency particulate filter.


(E) IDLH or LFL - above this concentration eliminate
all but positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus and combination positive pressure supplied-air
respirator with auxiliary positive pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus (see IV E).


(F) List all allowed respirators by condition
of use and type.


Use positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus or combination positive
pressure supplied air respirator with
positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus:


Use positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus (see IV F).


Use any dust, fume, or mist respirator, except
single use, or any escape self-contained
breathing apparatus.
                                                                                           143

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A-12
      III.C. SPECIFIC DECISION  LOGIC CHART FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
      AGAINST COMBINATION OF GAS  OR VAPOR AND PARTICULATES
             Condition
Selection Sequence
             Routine Use
             Entry and Escape
             From Unknown
             Concentration
             Firefighting
             Escape
(A) Consider skin irritation or sorption
of material through the skin (see IV A).

(B) Poor warning properties or inadequate sorbent
 efficiency - eliminate all air purifying respirators
(seelVB&C).

(C) Eliminate all respirators except with
combination sorbent/particulate filter.

(D) Eye irritation - eliminate or restrict
use of half mask respirator (see IV D).

(E) For permissible exposures less than 0.05
mg/m3, - eliminate all respirators except with
sorbent/high efficiency particulate filter.

(F) IDLH or LFL - above this concentration eliminate
all but positive  pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus and combination positive pressure
supplied-air respirator with auxiliary
positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus, (see IV E).

(G) List all allowed respirators by condition
of use and type.

Use positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus or combination
positive pressure supplied air
respirator with  positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus.

Use positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus (see IV F).

Gas mask or escape self-contained
breathing apparatus (see IV C).
144

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                                                                                                    A-13
IV.A.  SKIN ABSORPTION

  Personal protection  requirements for protection
against exposure to substances which may cause in-
jury by absorption through the skin from materials
splashed or spilled on the skin are covered in Section
(F) of each substance standard. Respirator selection
criteria  are  based  primarily  on  the inhalation
hazard of the substance. A supplied-air suit may
provide  skin protection for  extremely toxic sub-
stances which may be absorbed through the skin, or
substances that may cause severe skin irritation or
injury.
  Where information  is  available  indicating
systemic injury or death resulting from absorbance
of a gas  or vapor through the skin or where severe
skin irritation or injury may occur from exposure to
a gas, corrosive vapor, or particulate, the following
statement is included as a footnote to the respirator
tables  and both  the employee and employer are
cautioned in the appendices concerning their use:

  "Use of supplied-air suits may be necessary to pre-
  vent skin contact  and respiratory exposure from
  airborne concentrations of (specific substance).
  Supplied-air  suits should  be selected, used,  and
  maintained under the immediate supervision of
  persons knowledgeable in the  limitations  and
  potential life  endangering  characteristics of
  supplied-air suits. Where supplied-air  suits are
  used above a concentration which  may be im-
  mediately dangerous to life and  health, (concen-
  tration)  an  auxiliary positive-pressure  self-
  contained  breathing  apparatus  must also be
  worn."

The supplied-air suit statement is an advisory foot-
note.  The decision whether or not to include the
footnote  is made by the NIOSH/OSHA review com-
mittees based on available information. Since most
information concerning skin irritation  is not  quan-
tative, but  rather presented  in  commonly  used
descriptive terms, such  as "a strong skin irritant,
highly irritating to the skin", "corrosive to the skin",
etc., the  decision made by the committees concern-
ing skin  irritation is a judgmental  decision often
based on non-quantitative   information.  As  a
guideline for inclusion of the supplied-air suit state-
ment  for substances which are sorbed through the
skin,  a single  skin  penetration  LD50  of  2
grams/kilogram for any species is used.
  The footnote is advisory in nature and its inclu-
sion does not make the use of supplied-air suits
mandatory.  Further, employers may use supplied-
air  suits in  any situation where they provide ade-
quate protection, whether there is an advisory foot-
note in the  respirator table or not. To assure the
health and safety of persons using supplied-air suits,
it is imperative that they be used under  the  im-
mediate supervision of persons knowledgeable in the
limitations and  potential life endangering charac-
teristics of supplied-air suits.
IV.B.  POOR WARNING PROPERTIES

  It is important  to  realize  that 30  CFR  11
NIOSH/MESA approvals for air-purifying (organic
vapor) devices prohibit use against organic vapors
with poor warning properties. Specifically, 30 CFR
11.90(B)  (Note  4)  covers  gas masks  (canister
respirators) and  30 CFR  11.150  (Note 7) covers
chemical  cartridge  respirators.  Thus  these  ap-
provals are only for those organic vapors with ade-
quate warning properties and not all organic vapors.
  Warning properties relying upon  human senses
are not foolproof, however, they provide  some in-
dication to the employee of possible sorbent exhaus-
tion or of poor  facepiece fit or  other respirator
malfunction. Warning properties include odor, eye
irritation, and respiratory irritation.
  Adequate warning properties  can be  assumed
when the substance odor, taste, or irritation effects
are detectable and persistent at concentrations "at"
or "below"  the permissible exposure  limit.
  It is expected that environmental concentrations
will vary considerably and, therefore, warning of a
respirator failure would soon be perceived at con-
taminant  concentrations somewhat above the per-
missible exposure limit.
  If the odor or irritation threshold of a substance is
more than three times greater than the  permissible
exposure limit, this substance should be considered
to have poor warning properties.  If the substance
odor or irritation threshold is somewhat above the
permissible exposure limit (not in excess of three
times the limit) and there is no ceiling limit, con-
sideration is given as to whether or not  undetected
                                                                                                  145

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A-
exposure in this concentration  range could cause
serious or irreversible health effects. If not, the sub-
stance is considered  to  have  adequate warning
properties.  Some  substances have extremely  low
thresholds of odor and irritation in relation to the
permissible  exposure limit. Because  of this, these
substances can be detected by a worker within the
facepiece of the respirator even when  the respirator
is  functioning  properly.  These  substances  are,
therefore, considered to have poor warning  proper-
ties.
  Though 30 CFR 11  does not specify eliminating
air  purifying respirators  for pesticides with poor
warning properties, the SCP  respirator review com-
mittee believes the  standard completion program
should not allow pesticide respirators for gases and
vapors with poor warning properties.
IV.C.  SORBENT EFFICIENCIES

  Where supporting evidence exists on immediate
(less than three minutes) breakthrough time at the
IDLH  concentration and below for a cartridge or
canister sorbent,  air-purifying devices shall not be
allowed for any use, escape or otherwise.
  Where there is reason to suspect that the com-
monly used sorbents (e.g.,  activated charcoal)  do
not provide adequate sorption efficiency against a
specific contaminant, use of such sorbents shall not
be  allowed.  However, where  another sorbent
material has  been  demonstrated  to  be effective
against a  specific  contaminant,   approved
respirators utilizing  the effective sorbent material
shall be  allowed. The statement in the  respirator
table shall read, "Any chemical cartridge respirator
providing protection against (specific substance)",
and  "any gas  mask providing  protection  against
(specific substance)".
  Where there is reason to suspect that a sorbent
has a high heat of reaction with  a substance, use of
that sorbent is not allowed. In such cases, only sor-
bents  providing  safe  protection against (specific
substance) may be  used.  For  such substances, a
footnote is added to the respirator table which reads
as follows: "(specific substance)  is a strong oxidizer
and should be kept away from oxidizable material.
Some  cartridges and canisters  may contain ac-
tivated charcoal and shall not be used  to provide
protection against (specific substance).  Only ncn-
oxidizable  sorbents  are  allowed."  Where the ox-
idizable material may be an oxidizable filter, the
footnote reads: "(specific substance) is a strong ox-
idizer and should be kept away from oxidizable sub
stances. Only air  purifying respirators  with non-
oxidizable filters are allowed.
  Where there is reason to suspect that a substance
sorbed on a sorbent of a cartridge or canister is shock
sensitive,  use of air purifying  respirators  is  dis-
allowed.
IV.D.  EYE IRRITATIOiN

  For routine work operations, any perceptible eye
irritation  is  considered unacceptable.  Therefore,
only full  facepiece respirators  are  permissible in
contaminant concentrations  which produce  eye
irritation.  Note that  30 CFR  11.90(B)  (Note 6)
specifies that eye protection may be required in cer-
tain concentrations  of acid  gases and  organic
vapors. For escape, some eye irritation  is permissi-
ble if it is determined that such irritation would not
inhibit  escape and such irritation is reversible.
  Where quantitative eye irritation  data cannot be
found in literature references, and theoretical con-
siderations indicate the substance should not be an
eye irritant, half facepiece respirators are allowed.
Where  a  review of the literature indicates  a sub-
stance  causes eye  irritation but  no eye irritation
threshold is specified, the data will be evaluated to
determine  whether  quarter  or  half-facepiece
respirators are  to be  included in  the  respirator
tables.  When a table  is developed for such sub-
stances, the respirators with quarter- and half-
facepieces shall be footnoted as follows: When an
employee informs his employer that he is experienc-
ing eye irritation from ** NAME ** while wearing a
respirator allowed  in Table 2,  the  employer shall
provide and ensure that  the employee  use  an
equivalent respirator with a full facepiece, helmet or
hood.
146.

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                                                                                                  A-15
IV.E. IDLH

  The  definition of IDLH provided  in  30 CFR
11.3(T)  is as follows:

  "Immediately dangerous to life or health" means
  conditions that pose an immediate threat to life or
  health or  conditions  that  pose  an  immediate
  threat of severe exposure to contaminants, such as
  radioactive materials, which are likely to have ad-
  verse  cumulative or delayed effects on health."

  The purpose of establishing an IDLH exposure
concentration is to insure that the worker can escape
without injury or irreversible health effects from an
IDLH concentration in  the event of failure of the
respiratory protective equipment. The IDLH is con-
sidered a maximum concentration above which only
highly reliable breathing apparatus providing max-
imum worker protection is permitted. Since IDLH
values  are  conservatively set,  any approved
respirator may be used up to its maximum use con-
centration below  the IDLH.
  In establishing the  IDLH  concentration,  the
following factors  are considered:
  1. Escape without loss of life or irreversible health
     effects. Thirty minutes is considered the max-
     imum permissible  exposure time for escape.
  2. Severe eye  or respiratory  irritation  or other
     reactions which would prevent escape without
     injury.
  IDLH should be  determined from the following
sources:
  1. Specific EDLH provided in  the literature such
     as  the AIHA Hygienic Guides.
  2. Human exposure data.
  3. Acute animal exposure data.
  4. Where such  data are lacking toxicological data
     from analogous substances may be considered.
  The following guidelines should be used to inter-
pret toxicological data reported in the literature for
animal species:
  1. Where  acute  exposure  animal data  are
     available (30-minute to 4-hour exposures), the
     lowest exposure concentration causing death or
     irreversible  health  effects  in  any species is
     determined  to be the IDLH concentration.
  2. Chronic exposure data may have no relevance
     to the acute effects  and should  be  used in
     determining  the  IDLH  concentration  only
     upon  competent toxicologic judgment.
  3. Where there  is no toxicologic evidence of an
     IDLH concentration, 500 times the permissible
     exposure limit shall determine the upper limit
     above which only highly reliable breathing ap-
     paratus providing maximum worker protection
     is used.
IV.F. LOWER  FLAMMABLE  LIMIT  AND
FIRE-FIGHTING

  Contaminant concentrations in excess of the LFL
are considered to be immediately dangerous to life
or health. At or above the LFL, the use of respirators
is limited to those devices which provide the max-
imum protection, i.e., positive-pressure SCBA, and
combination   positive-pressure  supplied-air
respirators with positive pressure SCBA.
  Firefighting is defined by ANSI Z88.5-1971 as be-
ing immediately dangerous to life. For firefighting,
the only device providing adequate protection is the
positive  pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus.
IV.G. PROTECTION FACTORS

  Protection factors are a measure of the overall ef-
fectiveness of a respirator. Filtering efficiency is a
part of the protection factor and becomes a signifi-
cant  consideration for less efficient air  purifying
respirators.
  The protection factors used in the preparation of
the standards are based on quantitative fit tests per-
formed at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory   and
elsewhere, and in some instances  on professional
judgment. In Appendix I, the protection factors for
each class of respirators listed in the checklists are
shown. The entries in each list are for an entire class
of respirators, and are assigned the protection factor
of the lowest performing device within each class.
                                                                                                 147

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IV.H.  VARIATIONS WITH  30 CFR 11

  1. The type A supplied-air respirator is allowed in
30 CFR 11 for use in immediately dangerous to life
and health atmospheres. However, air supply  re-
quirements of 501/min are insufficient to maintain a
positive pressure in the facepiece under all working
conditions. Therefore, this  device should have the
same  protection  factor as  applied  to  other  air-
purifying   and  atmosphere  supplying respirators
having a negative pressure in the facepiece (see Ap-
pendix I). 30 CFR  11  will require  a revision to
eliminate  approval of type A supplied air respirators
for  IDLH  atmospheres.
  2. 30 CFR 11 does not contain protection factor
requirements. Protection factors are  used in  the
decision logic. An amendment to 30 CFR 11 is plan-
ned to include  protection factor requirements for
DFM respirators. Future amendments are contem-
plated  for other types of respirators.
  3. 30 CFR 11 does not permit the use of an escape
gas  mask  against acid gases or organic vapors with
poor warning properties. A change to 30 CFR 11 is
necessary  to permit the use of an escape  gas mask
against substances with poor warning properties.
IV.I.  ESCAPE

  Where escape respirators are provided, they shall
be selected from the escape category in Table 2. The
                         employer shall provide and ensure that employees
                         carry an  escape respirator  where  exposure to  ex-
                         tremely toxic substances may occur. (An extremely
                         toxic substance is defined as a gas or vapor having a
                         RAT LC50 of less than 10  ppm.)
                           The following statement is added to the introduc-
                         tion to the respirator table for these substances:

                              Employers shall provide each employee
                              working in areas where **name** may be
                              released  into the workplace air with  an
                              approved escape respirator as specified in
                              Table 2.  The employer shall ensure that
                              each  employee  carry  the escape
                              respirator in the area where  **name**
                              may be released into  the workplace.
                          IV.J. "ENTRY  INTO TANKS  OR  CLOSED
                          VESSELS, OR . . ."

                            Item (D)(4)(IV) is  a variable provision in the in-
                          troductory statements to the respirator tables which
                          lists the  specific  operations where a  respirator is
                          considered to be an acceptable means of control. Ex-
                          amples of where this may occur are for operations
                          which require occasional entry into tanks  or other
                          closed vessels.
                                          APPENDIX I

          A. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR PARTICULATE FILTER RESPIRATORS
     Protection Factor  Permissible respiratory protection
     5X
     5X
     10X

     10X
     10X
     SOX

     1000X
Any dust and mist respirator (30 CFR 11.130)
Any dust and mist respirator,  except single use (30 CFR 11.130).
Any dust and mist respirator, except single-use or quarter-mask respirator
(30 CFR 11.130).
Any fume respirator  (30 CFR 11.130).
Any high efficiency particulate filter respirator (30 CFR 11.130).
A high efficiency particulate filter respirator with a full facepiece (30 CFR
11.130).
A powered air-purifying respirator with a high efficiency particulate filter
(30 CFR 11.130).
148 .

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                                                                                                A-17


  B. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES AND GAS MASKS
Protection Factor

(Minimal)          Permissible respiratory protection

10X                Any chemical cartridge respirator with a **NAME** cartridge(s) (30 CFR

                    11.150)

SOX                A chemical cartridge respirator with full facepiece and **NAME** car-

                    tridge^) (30 CFR 11,150)

SOX                A gas mask with a full facepiece and ** NAME ** canister (30 CFR 11.90

                    (A))

1000X              A powered air-purifying chemical cartridge respirator with a ** NAME **

                    cartridge  (unlisted  device).*

Escape             Any gas mask providing protection against ** NAME ** vapors (30 CFR

                    11.90)
                    "Classes of respirators are included only if at least one device has been approved.
NOTE: The approval ** NAME ** may consist of acid gases or organic vapors as a class or specific acid gases, am-
       monia, or organic vapors. It may also consist of combinations of acid gases, organic vapors, and other gases and
       \apors.
 C.  PROTECTION FACTORS FOR COMBINATION CHEMICAL CARTRIDGES AND

    PARTICIPATE FILTERS AND GAS MASKS AND PARTICULATE FILTERS


 Protection Factors Permissible respiratory protection

 10X                Any chemical cartridge respirator with ** NAME ** cartridge(s)

                    and ** NAME ** filter(s) (30  CFR 11.150 and 11.1300)

 50X                A  chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece, ** NAME ** car-

                    tridge^) and high efficiency filter(s) (30  CFR 11.150 and 11.130)

 50X                A  gas mask with a full facepiece and **  NAME ** canister and high ef-

                    ficiency filter (30 CFR 11.90(A) and 11.130).

 1000X              A  powered air purifying chemical cartridge respirator with a ** NAME **

                    cartridge and high efficiency particulate  filter.

 Escape             Any gas mask providing protection against ** NAME ** and particulates

                    (30 CFR 11.90 and 11.130)


 ** NAME ** refers to any acid gas, akaline gas, organic vapor, or other specific gas or vapor.

 ** TYPE ** refers to dust and mist, fume, or high efficiency particulate.

 NOTE: A pesticide respirator is a special type of chemical cartridge respirator or gas mask with a combination sorbent
 and particulate filter. Where a substance is a pesticide the following phrase is added as a footnote to the respirator
 tables. 'Including pesticide  respirators which meet the requirements of this class."
        D. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS


Protection Factor  Permissible respiratory protection

10X                Any supplied-air respirator  (30 CFR 11.110(A))

SOX                Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood. (30 CFR
                                                                                            149

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 A-18
     1000X

     2000X
                  *A type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other
                  positive pressure of continuous flow mode (30 CFR 11.110(A))
                  A type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-
                  demand or other positive presssure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or
                  helmet  operated in continuous flow mode (30 CFR 11.110(A))
     "This category is not f'-'lv covered hv preceding category.
      E. PROTECTION FACTORS FOR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
Protection Factor
10X
SOX

10,000+X
or Fire
Fighting
10,000+X
                        Permissible respiratory protection
                        Any self-contained breathing apparatus (30 CFR 11.70(A))
                        Any self-contained  breathing apparatus with  a  full facepiece (30 CFR
                        Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full
                        facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other
                        positive pressure mode (30 CFR 11.70(A))
                        A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator
                        with  a full facepiece  operated in pressure-demand or other positive
                        pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing
                        apparatus operated in pressure-demand or positive pressure mode (30 CFR
Escape
                        Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus (30 CFR 11.70(A))
                                         APPENDIX II

                                 LITERATURE REFERENCES
  The following are the primary reference sources
used in this decision logic.

 1.  Chemical Safety Data Sheets, Manufacturing
Chemists Association, Wash., D.C.

 2.  Sax,  N.I., Dangerous Properties of  Industrial
Materials, Third Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, New York, 1968.

 3.  Hygienic Guide  Series,  American  Industrial
Hygiene Association, Detroit, Michigan.

 4.  Chemical Company Guides:
    (A) Allied Chemical
    (B) Commercial Solvents Co.
    (C) Dow Chemical
    (D) Eastman Kodak
                                                 (E) Exxon
                                                 (F) FMC
                                                 (G) Monsanto
                                                 (H) Olin Chemicals
                                                 (I) Rohm  & Haas
                                                 (J)  Shell
                                                 (K) Union Carbide Company

                                              5.  American National Standard Acceptable Con-
                                             centrations,  American  National  Standards  In-
                                             stitute, Inc., New York.

                                              6.  Browning,  E., Toxicity and Metabolism of In-
                                             dustrial Solvents,  Elsevier Publishing Company,
                                             New York, 1965.

                                               Browning, E., Toxicity of Industrial Metals, But-
                                             terworths. London. 1961.
150

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                                                                                                 A-19
 7. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values
for Substances in Workroom Air, Third Edition,
American Conference of Governmental  Industrial
Hygienists, Cincinnati, 1971.

 8. Gleason,  M. N., Gosselin, R. E., Hodge, H.C.,
and Smith, R. P., Clinical Toxicology of Commer-
cial Products, Third Edition, The Williams and
Walkins Co., Baltimore, 1969.

 9. Thienes,  C. H. and Haley, T. J., Clinical Tox-
icology, Fifth Edition, Lea and  Febiger, 1972.

10. Spector,  W. S.  (Vol. I, II),  Negherbon, W.  0.
(Vol. Ill), Grebe, R. M. (Vol. IV), and Dittmer, D. S.
(Vol. V) (Editors), Handbook of Toxicology, Saun-
ders, Philadelphia,  1956-1959.

11. Paget, G. E.  (Editor), Methods in Toxicology,
Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford,  1970.

12. Stolman, A.  (Editor), Progress  in  Chemical
Toxicology, Vol. 2, and Vol. 4, Academic Press, New
York, 1965 and 1969.

13. Patty, F. A.  (Editor), Industrial Hygiene and
Toxicology,  Vol.  2,  Second Revised Edition,  In-
terscience Publishers, New York, 1963.

14. Hunter,  D., The Diseases of Occupations, Lit-
tle, Brown and Company, Boston,  1969.

15. Stauden, A.  (Executive Editor),  Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd Edition,
Interscience  Publishers, New York, 1972.

16. Click, D. (Editor),  Methods  of Biochemical
Analysis, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1954-
1969.

17. Altaian,  P. L. and Dittmer, D.  S.  (Editors),
Biology  Data  Book,  Federation  of  American
Societies for Experimental Biology, 1964.

18. Deichmann, W.  B. and Gerarde, H. W., Tox-
icology of Drugs  and Chemicals,  Academic Press,
New York. 1969.
19.  Stecher,  P.  G.  (Editor),  The  Merck  Index.
Eighth Edition, Merck and Co., Inc., New Jersey,
1968.

20.  International  Labour Office, Encyclopaedia of
Occupational  Health  and  Safety,  McGraw-Hill
Book  Co., New York, 1971.

21.  Hygienic Information  Guides, Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania,  Department  of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Occupational Health.

22.  Christensen,  H.  E.  and  Luginbyhl, T.  L.,
(Editors), NIOSH Toxic Substance List, 1974 Edi-
tion, Hew Publication No. 74-134, 1974.

23.  Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested
for Carcinogenic Activity,  U.S.  Public Health Ser-
vice Publication No. 149, Original, Supplements 1
and 2, 1961-67, 1968-69, and 1970-71.

24.  Spencer, E.Y., Guide to the Chemicals Used in
Crop Protection, Sixth Edition  (Publication 1093),
Research Branch  Agriculture, Canada, 1973.

25.  National Safety Council Industrial Data Sheets,
National Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois.

26.  Baskin,  A. D. (Editor),  Handling  Guide for
Potentially  Hazardous  Commodities,  Railway
Systems and Management Association, Chicago, Il-
linois 1972.

27.  Handbook of  Organic  Industrial  Sovlents,
Technical Guide  No. 6,  4th Edition,  American
Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, Illinois, 1972.

28.  Committee on Hazardous Materials, Division of
Chemistry  and  Chemical Technology,  National
Research Council, National Academy of Science,
Fire Hazard  Classification  of Chemical Vapors
Relative to Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment,
Report III, A  Supplementary Report  prepared  by
the Electrical Hazards Panel,  Washington,  D.C.,
Mav 1973.
                                                                                              151

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 A-20
29.  National Fire Codes, Volume 1, Flammable Li-
quids, NFPA 325, National Fire Protection Associa-
tion, Boston,  1969.

30.  National  Fire Codes,  Volume 7, Alarm and
Special Extinguishing Systems, NFPA 69, National
Fire Protection Association, Boston, 1973.

31.  National  Fire Codes, Manual  of  Hazardous
Chemical  Reactions, NFPA 491M,  National Fire
Protection Association, Boston,  1971.

32.  National  Fire Codes, Volume 3, Combustible
Solids, Dusts and Explosives, NFPA 49, National
Fire Protection Association, Boston, 1973.

33.  Bahme, Charles W., NFPA Fire Officer's Guide
to Emergency Action, Appendix A, National Fire
Protection Association, Boston,  1974.

34.  Factory  Mutual Engineering  Corporation,
Handbook of  Industrial Loss Prevention,  Second
Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company,  New York,
1967.

35.  Armistead, G., Jr., Safety in Petroleum Refin-
ing and Related Industries (Appendix A), Second
Edition, John  C. Simmonds and  Co.,  Inc.,  New
York, 1959.
36.  Doolittle, A. K., Lacquer Solvents in Commer-
cial Use, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol
27,  1169-1179, 1935.

37.  Grant.  W. M., Toxicology of the Eye, Second
Edition,  Charles C. Thomas, Publisher,  Illinois,
1974.

38. API  Toxicological  Reviews,  American
Petroleum Institute, New York.

39.  Gleason, M. N., Gosselin, R. E., Hodge, H. C.,
and  Smith,  R. P., Bulletin of  Supplementary
Material for Clinical  Toxicology of  Commercial
Products, University of Rochester, 1969-1975.

40.  May, J., Odor Thresholds of Solvents for Assess-
ment of Solvent Odors in the Air,  Staub, Vol. 26, 34-
38 (Sept. 1966) (English  Trans.)

41.  Summer,  W.,  Odors Pollution  of Air,  CRC
Press, Cleveland, 1971.
152

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                                                                                                    A-21
                                         APPENDIX G

                           STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
  Selection of the proper type of respirator is vital,
but  it is only  part  of the complete respirator
program. Unless a standard operating procedure is
set up, a correctly chosen respirator may be used in-
correctly. The OSHA regulations 1910.134b require
written standard  operating procedures whenever
respirators are used. Examples are given below.
STANDARD  OPERATING  PROCEDURES
FOR USE OF RESPIRATORS IN THE MUL-
LER AREA

  The  first respirator selection example in Chap.
Six concerned a muller operator in a foundry.  If we
assume that this is a small foundry with only one
operator, we can write a simple procedure as follows.
Respirator Selection

  On the basis of the 5-mg/m3 dust concentration
and  a permissible  exposure limit of 1.5 mg/cm of
silica dust, we have chosen the brand X disposable
respirator, approved for use in silica dust, to be worn
whenever the muller is operated. Properly used, this
respirator provides a protection factor of 5.
User Instructions in Training

  The muller operator who wears this respirator is
trained in its use when hired and yearly thereafter.
During training, he is taught to wear the respirator
and  a fit  test using  talc dust is performed  to see
whether the respirator leaks. If it does leak, another
brand of disposable respirator is obtained. After the
fit  test,  the  employee continues  to wear  the
respirator during  the rest  of  the instruction and
training class. He  is  told that he may  have  a new
respirator whenever he wants and that he must use a
new one whenever breathing becomes difficult and
at the start of each shift. He is also told that silica
dust may be harmful to health some years after ex-
posure and  that  it is  important that he use  the
respirators provided. It is further explained that it is
impossible to  install a  ventilation  system to take
care of the dust problem in this area.
Respirator Sanitation Program

  As the respirators are discarded after each day's
use, there is no need for a sanitation program.
Respirator Use Surveillance

  It is the foreman's responsibility to see that safety
devices provided are used. He  checks  the  muller
operator's use of the respirator daily.
Work Area Surveillance

  If operating conditions change, dust concentra-
tion in the muller area will be remeasured to ensure
that the  respiratory protection  provided is still
adequate.
STANDARD   OPERATING   PROCEDURES
FOR   USE    OF   SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS  DURING
DEGREASER PIT  MAINTENANCE

  In the fourth example in Chap. Six, maintenance
personnel occasionally had to enter a degreaser pit
while it was cool to clean it and perform necessary
maintenance.   The  written  operating  procedure
might be as follows.
                                                                                                153

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 A-22

Respirator Selection

  Extremely  high trichlor  concentrations may be
encountered during degreaser cleaning. The pit is to
be ventilated, but use of pressure demand supplied-
air respirators with escape  packs is required.


User Instruction and Training

  Maintenance men required to wear this  equip-
ment are trained in its use within  30 days of their
employment. The training  consists of wearing the
equipment in fresh air and  being taught how to
regulate air flow  and how  to react in emergencies
and if the main air supply fails. They are shown the
alarm bell in the degreaser pit which rings if the air
compressor fails.  They are told  that at that  time
they have 10 minutes air supply from their  escape
packs.
  The equipment is used in a training exercise four
times a year and is cleaned approximately twice a
year. The exercise consists of entering the pit  after it
has been ventilated and inspecting the equipment
in the bottom of it. Escape bottles of compressed air
that  have  been opened are  replaced  through an
arrangement with the  distributor.
solutions. They are dried and stored in special cases
in the maintenance department.
Respirator Air Supply

  Air for normal use of these masks is supplied by
an oilless portable  compressor placed at the edge of
the pit.
Respirator Use Surveillance

  The Safety Director is responsible for seeing that
training is carried out as specified and he must over-
see the training.
Emergency Respirator Inspection

  The  respirators  are  inspected  monthly  for
deterioration and to see that the escape bottles are
fully charged.  This is  the Safety  Director's
responsibility.
Cleaning, Maintenance, and Storage

  After use, the respirators are cleaned by the main-
tenance staff using the manufacturer's  sanitizing
 •fr US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1977—777-018/32
154

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                                                A-23
      SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
      FEATURING
                           J J
              «
                                    J ;
                       Safety Through Technology
                             BioMarine
                             Industries Inc

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    A-
BioMarine Creates

Two  New BioPaks

  BioMarine has engineered the ultimate in
self-contained breathing  apparatus - the
BioPak 30P and the BioPak 60P. These new
BioPaks  feature light weight, long duration,
and  positive  pressure.  The BioPak  60P
delivers  an amazing 60  minute duration,
even under heavy work  loads, at a total
weight of 25 pounds.  The BioPak  SOP
provides over 30 full  minutes duration
regardless of  user activity level at  only 21
pounds.
How we did it
  BioMarine engineers used their expertise
in designing  advanced breathing apparatus
to conceive  a revolutionary approach  to
closed circuit SCBA. By combining the C02
removal system and breathing reservoir into
one chamber constantly under spring ten-
sion, they developed the world's first positive
pressure rebreather.
   This unique design uses much of the
 technology developed for BioMarine's CCR-
 1000, adapted by the U. S. Navy as the MK
 15, the world's most advanced diving ap-
 paratus.
The  BioPaks have

everything you

want a SCBA

to have

  Light Weight - The single  largest com-
plaint of SCBA users is weight and size. The
BioPak  SOP weighs only 21  pounds, fully
charged and ready for use. The BioPak 60P
weighsonly25 pounds.
  Long Duration - Because of the inherent
efficiency of rebreather  technology  the
BioPak SOP will deliver at least 30 minutes of
use regardless of the user's size, physical
condition, or breathing rate. The BioPak SOP
will provide at least 60 minutes duration.
  Positive Pressure - The entire breathing
assembly is maintained at a slightly highs-
pressure than the surrounding atmosphere,
preventing  inward leakage  of atmospheric
contaminants.
   Ease of use and  comfort  - The  new
 BioPaks are simple to use. All controls and
 displays  are easily  accessible. BioMarine
 provides easy to follow instructions for use -
 including a well illustrated owner's manual, a
 rugged donning  and use instruction card
 which  can be kept with the BioPak, and an
 optional training film. The BioPaks are not
 only very  light but extremely comfortable.
 The weight is carried on the user's hips. The
 well-fitting  facepiece uses  a  comfortable
 natural rubber seal. Breathing resistance is
 incredibly low -  less than 2 inches water
 pressure - even including the positive pres-
 sure.

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  Ease of maintenance - A great deal  of
engineering effort went into minimizing user
maintenance requirements. No special train-
ing  or tools  are required. The  owner's
manual describes all tests and  procedures
necessary to keep the BioPaks in perfect
operating condition.  The optional  training
film shows  every procedure from  start  to
finish.
                                  K._:-.^   jt
          Reliability - The BioPaks use the highest
        quality materials  combined  with advanced
        engineering techniques - for example, the
        breathing  hoses  are  wire reinforced and
        covered  with NOMEX®.  The  cylinder
        regulator is a SCUBA type - rugged and
        resistant to corrosion. The entire breathing
        assembly is encased in a rugged protective
        cover. A loud whistle alarm is activated when
        25 percent of the  BioPak's duration remains
        - for the BioPak 60P this is 15 minutes - ap-
        proximately the  total time  available  with
        some positive pressure open circuit devices.
        For use  in Contaminated
        or  Oxygen  Deficient
        Atmospheres
          The BioPaks can be used in atmospheres
        which are  totally oxygen  deficient  and,
        because  of the  positive pressure in  the
        facepiece, the BioPaks can be used in at-
        mospheres  which contain toxic  gases  or
        vapors.
                                                         The light weight, long duration, and com-
                                                       fort of the BioPaks make them ideal for in-
                                                       dustrial  applications where work  must be
                                                       performed  in  hazardous  atmospheres.
                                                       These same  features, together with ease of
                                                       use, make the BioPaks excellent for escape
                                                       and  emergency rescue devices.


                                                       For use in  Fire
                                                       Fighting  and  Rescue

                                                         The BioPaks  provide  the  life  support
                                                       duration  necessary in both fire suppression
                                                       and   search  and  rescue procedures. Of
                                                       special  interest  to  fire   fighters are  the
                                                       NOMEX® covered hoses, heavy duty harness
                                                       and   buckles,  and  high  visibility rugged
                                                       KYDEX®  protective shell.
                                                          The low profile and  light weight of the
                                                        BioPaks make it easy to climb ladders. Hose
                                                        and other equipment may be carried without
                                                        difficulty. The BioPaks are especially suited
                                                        for entry through small spaces which can
                                                        prohibit the use of bulkier equipment.
                                                          Positive  pressure in  the  face mask
                                                        provides an extra measure of safety in toxic
                                                        environments.

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        A-26
  TECHNICAL DATA
 FACE MASK
 INHALATION CHECK
      VALVE
 INHALATION HOSE
                                        NOSE CUP
                                    EXHALATION CHECK
                                        VALVE
BREATHING CHAMBER
                                       CARBON DIOXIDE
                                         ABSORBER
                                          DEMAND
                                      FREE FLOW VALVE
      ON/OFF VALVE
         LOW PRESSURE
                                       PRESSURE GAUGE
PRESSURE
             Principle of Operation
               The BioPak SOP and 60P are closed circuit oxygen
             breathing apparatus. They recirculate the major por-
             tion of the user's exhaled gas. This permits the units
             to be much smaller and lighter than open circuit
             equipment in which all of the user's exhaled breath is
             vented.  Properly  used, the  minimum  duration
             respectively will  be 30 minutes  or 60 minutes
             regardless of the user's size or level of activity.
               Oxygen is continuously supplied to the breathing
             chamber. In addition, the unit will automatically add
             oxygen to compensate for heavy work loads or out-
             ward mask leakage.
               When the user inhales, breathing gas moves from
             the breathing chamber  through the inhalation hose
             to the nose cup of the face mask. The exhaled breath
             passes through the  exhalation hose and the carbon
             dioxide absorber, where the CO2 is removed, and
             into the breathing chamber. This gas mixes with ad-
             ditional oxygen and is available for the next inhala-
             tion.
               Excess gases are vented through the relief valve.
             If the  user's inhalation  causes  the  breathing
             diaphragm to "bottom," the demand valve is ac-
             tivated, automatically adding oxygen.
               In order to maintain the gas supply in the BioPaks at
             a positive pressure with respect to ambient, a spring
             exerts a force on the breathing diaphragm.
             Specifications

             • Positive Pressure
             • NIOSH  and MSHA  approved  for  use  in
               temperatures as low  as -15°F
             • MAXISEAL FACEPIECE - antioxidant natural rub-
               ber with field replaceable nylon  lens, five finger
               headstrap with quick release buckles
             • High impact KYDEX® shell, fire retarding
             • NOMEX® covered neoprene hoses
             • Alarm whistle at 25 percent service life remaining
             BioPak 60P

             • 25 Ibs. fully charged  with mask and hoses
             • 181/2 in. x 13% in. x 6% in.
             • Oxygen cylinder 6.5 cubic feet @ 2250 psi
             • Duration -  60 minutes

             BioPak SOP

             • 21 Ibs. fully charged  with mask and hoses
             • 181/2 in. x 13% in. x 5% in.
             • Oxygen cylinder 4.5  cubic feet @ 2100 psi
             • Duration -  30 minutes
                                                                  Safety Through Technology
                                                                                               c
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                                    BioMarine
                                    Industries :nc.
                          45 Great Valley Corporate Center
                          Malvern, PA 19355 • (215) 647-7200
                                                                   Bulletin: BP-0878
                                            Printed in U S A

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Comfo II
A-27
  system
  the easier way
  to match
  cartridge to
  facepiece

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With the versatile Comfo II Select-a-Cartridge System
you can  now order respirator cartridges separately
in 10-pack and 6-pack units...
                                                                          I
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» Selectivity
No need to order a complete respirator
for every respiratory hazard encountered.
Order the required number of desired
facepieces only, then simply supply a pair
of cartridges to meet the specific hazard.

• Reduce Cost
Respirator costs are reduced with
purchases of separate facepieces and
cartridges because of economics of
quantity packaging of the cartridges.

» Simplified Ordering
Ordering and stocking requirements are
simpler, since you need only order and
stock the desired facepiece and replace-
ment cartridges. Stock numbers of
complete respirators are no longer
needed.

• Interchangeability
Interchangeability and versatility are
obtained with a variety of respirators that
can use the same cartridges. Different
cartridges can be used in the same
respirator depending on the particular
hazards involved and the user's needs.

The new Comfo II Select-a-Cartridge
System from MSA means you order the
interchangeable cartridges separately for
the respirator facepieces. You do not need
to reorder the respirator facepieces if you
already have the appropriate assemblies in
stock. With this system, MSA can offer
more versatility and economy in meeting
your respirator needs.
    A number of different cartridges are
available from MSA to meet a wide variety
of hazards. These cartridges are inter-
changeable in four respirators to meet
the particular circumstances of your
application or the particular fitting
requirements of your employees.
    The GMA, GMB, GMC, GMD, Mersorb,
Type H, Type S and GMA-F cartridges are
now sold in boxes of 10. The GMP, GMA-H,
GMB-H, GMC-H, GMC-S, GMD-H and
GMI-H cartridges are now sold in boxes
of 6.
    The four respirators that accept these
interchangeable cartridges are the Comfo®
II Respirator, Ultra-Twin® Respirator, Belt-
Mounted Respirator and the new Comfo II
Small Respirator.
•V.V.'.V .«.<.«.«.,«
.'.•.•.'.V .«.','.«
•V.V.V.V.V
       Illtra-Trtf
       respirator
NIOSH-MESA Approved
NIOSH-MESA approvals have been
issued for complete respirator
assemblies consisting of NIOSH-MESA-
approved Comfo II, Small Comfo II,
Ultra-Twin and Belt-Mounted respirator
facepieces and NIOSH-MESA-approved
aerosol filters.chemical cartridges, or
combination filter and cartridges (except
Mersorb type). The instruction manual
furnished with each respirator facepiece
contains all pertinent NIOSH-MESA
approvals, detailed instructions for
selecting the proper cartridge for various
hazards and information on how to fit,
test, and maintain respirator facepieces.
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The Comfo II Select-a-Cartrldge System
features handy economy packs
                                                                                            A-29
Select a 10-Pack (Five pairs)
                                               Select a 6-Pack (Three pairs)
        Cartridge   Catalog No   For these Hazards in 10-packs
         GMA
                   464031    Organic Vapors*
         GMB       464032    Acid Gases*
         GMC
                   464046    Organic Vapors and Acid Gases *
         GMD
                   464033    Ammonia and Methylamme*
         MERSORB   464024    Mercury Vapors *
         TYPE M
                   464035
                  Dusts, Mists and Fumes
                  (including radionuclides)
                           Dusts, Mists and Fumes
         TYPES     464034    (including radort daughters,
                           asbestos dusts and mists)
                  Combination Protection
GMA-F     464023    Organic Vapors, Dusts and Mists
                  (including asbestos)
0>
* Extended Dust and Mist Protection
These cartridges may be used with Type F filters in Type F
respirator assemblies for extended protection against dusts and
mists (including asbestos). Order complete Type F respirators
including facepiece, 10 Type F filters and filter covers.

Type F Dust and Mist Respirator
See note on Extended Dust and Mist Protection using Type F
Filters. Replacement Type F filters are available in a box of 10
(cat. no. 459545) or in a carton of 100 (cat. no. 495693).
Filter covers (cat. no. 459027) are packed one per box.
                                   (Comfo 11 Type F
                                   Respirator shown)
                                                       Cartridge    Catalog No   Combination Hazards in 6-packs
^//| GMP
Of%
VV'^M GMA-H
w
tfjjjjjjn GMB-H
C-r-^ GMC-H
$|li| GMC-S
^•f^a GMD-H
^V;S GMI-H
464025 Pesticides
Organic Vapors and Dusts,
464029 Mists and Fumes
(including radionuclides)
.-.„„„ Acid Gases and Dusts, Mistsand Fumes
wwta (including radionuclides)
Organic Vapors, Acid Gases
464027 and Dusts, Mists and Fumes
(including radionuclides)
Organic Vapors, Acid Gases and Dusts,
464026 Mists and Fumes (including radon
daughters, asbestos dusts and mists)
Ammonia and Methylamme
464030 and Dusts, Mists and Fumes
(including radionuclides)
4(54049 Iodine and Dusts, Mists and
Fumes (including radionuclides)
                                                         NOTE — For NIOSH-MESA approvals and special use limitations
                                                         on filters and cartridges, see MSA Data Sheet 10-00-03 or the
                                                         instruction manual furnished with each respirator facepiece.
                                                Paint Spray Respirators
                                                Furnished complete with facepiece, two chemical cartridges, two
                                                prefilters and two special filter covers. Replacement cartridges are
                                                standard GMA cartridges (cat. no. 464031). Prefilters are furnished
                                                in a box of 20 (cat. no. 465667). The special filter covers (cat. no.
                                                448844) are packed one per box.
Catalog
Number
459440
461845
462240
Type F Dust
and Mist
Respirator
Comfo 1 1
Ultra-Twin
Belt-Mounted |
                                                                                           Catalog
                                                                                           Number
                                                                                           Paint Spray
                                                                                           Respirator
                                                                                            448849
                                                                                            461846
                                                                                            462241
                                                                                           Comfo II
                                                                                           Ultra-Twin
                                                                                           Belt-Mounted
                                                                                            (Comfo II Paint Spray
                                                                                            Respirator shown)

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         A-30
Comfo II Respirator facepieces that use
the new Select-a-Cartridge System
All Comfo II Respirators feature soft rubber
half-mask facepieces with rolled cushion
edges for a comfortable fit. Strong, impact-
resistant cartridge holders are corrosion
resistant and impervious to most
chemicals.
Comfo II Respirator —
Uses an exclusive four-point floating yoke
of formable aluminum to permit contour
adjustment for a more positive seal and
comfortable fit on a wide variety of facial
sizes. Adjustable four-piece headband
provides additional adjustment flexibility.
Catalog No. - 460968
 Comfo II
 Small Facepiece Respirator —
 New respirator designed to fit smaller
 faces, especially women. Same protection
 and same components as regular Comfo
 II, except rubber facepiece and yoke are
 smaller.
 Catalog No. 465825
Belt-Mounted Respirator —
Twin cartridges are mounted on the
wearer's hip, away from heavy concentra-
tions of contaminants. Design permits
unobstructed vision and working free-
dom. Complete assembly includes belt-
mounted cartridge receptacles, flexible
breathing tube and a Comfo-type
facepiece.
Catalog No. 461000

Comfo II Large Respirator —
Available soon from MSA to
accommodate larger faces.
Ultra-Twin Respirator —
Features single wide-vision polycarbon-
ate lens treated for scratch resistance, a
speaking diaphragm that permits clear
short-range communication, and accom-
modation for special prescription glasses.
Air flows across inner lens surface to
minimize fogging.
Catalog No. 460560


Wall Chart Available —
Contact your local MSA representative for
handy wall chart listing hazards, appro-
priate cartridge/filter for each hazard and
related approval numbers.
 Note: This bulletin contains only a general
 description of Comfo II Respirators, cartridges and
 filters, and the Select-a-Cartndge System. While
 uses and performance capabilities are described,
 under no circumstances should the product be
 used except by qualified, trained personnel and not
 until the instructions, labels, or other literature
 accompanying it have been carefully read and
 understood and the precautions therein set forth
 followed. Only they ccn*am the complete and
 detailed information concerning the products
                  Mine Safety Appliances Company
                  600 Penn Center Boulevard
                  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235

At your service 25 branch offices in the United States,
MSA CANADA. Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver,
representatives in principal cities of the world
Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                        BULLETIN 1001-15
                                                                             Printed in U S A 782 (L)

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I
                                    Data Sheet
                                    10-00-03
                                    Comfo@
                                    Respirators
                                             A-11
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Application

Breathing protection against a variety
of hazards can be met with these high-
capacity respiratory devices by MSA.
The Comfo® II Respirators, which meet
the extensive certification requirements
of NIOSH/MSHA, utilize chemical car-
tridges or aerosol filters, or a combina-
tion of the two types, to provide the
wearer with a wide variety of breathing
protection.

Description

Comfo II Respirators feature twin filter
cartridges with large area and capacity
to provide for low breathing resistance
and long service life. Each cartridge is
color coded for easy identification as to
hazards that particular cartridge
protects against.
                                                                               TypeH
                                                                          Ultra Filter® Cartridge
                                                       Type S Filter Cartridge
                                          Sparkfoe™
                                          Type H Cartridge
                                      GMD
                                      Chemical Cartridge
                                                                                              Type F Filter
                                        GMC
                                        Chemical Cartridge
                                                  GMB Chemical Cartridge
                                                                         GMA Chemical
                                                                          Cartridge
                                                   Combination
                                                 Filter-Cartridges:
                                                     GMA-F
                                                     GMA-H
                                                     GMB-H
                                                     GMC-S
                                                     GMC-H
                                                     GMD-H
                                                     GMI-H
Comfo II Respirators feature a soft
rubber half-mask facepiece with a
rolled cushion edge that provides a
secure fit on most faces. The facepiece
is available in two colors, black and
green, and three sizes, small, medium,
and large.
    Small
Medium
Large
resistant cartridge holders are corro-
sion resistant and impervious to most
chemicals.

There are four aerosol-type, four
chemical-type, and nine filter/cartridge
combination-type respirators. All are
approved or pending approval under 30
CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
Part 11. To provide protection against
dust and mist, prefilters (Type F) are
available for chemical cartridges. Since
these are the same filters used in
Type F Respirators, they can be inter-
changed—thereby reducing the
number of replacement filters needed
in inventory.
An exclusive four-point floating yoke of
formable aluminum permits contour
adjustment for a more positive seal and
comfortable fit on a wide variety of
facial sizes; the adjustable four-piece
headband provides additional adjust-
ment flexibility. The strong, impact-
                                                                                              Data Sheet
                                                                                              10-00-03

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Four interchangeable
aerosol filters
Comfo II RespiMors utilizing aerosol
filters meet following NIOSH approvals:

With Type F Filter: Approval No. TC
21C-133. Approved for respiratory pro-
tection against dusts and mists having
a Time Weighted Average (TWA) not
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic
meter or 2 million particles per cubic
foot, and asbestos-containing dusts
and mists. Not for use in atmospheres
containing less than 19.5 percent
oxygen or in atmospheres containing
toxic gases or vapors.

With Type S Filter Cartridge (Gray):
Approval No.  TC 21C-134. Approved for
respiratory protection against dusts,
fumes, and mists having aTWAnot less
than 0.05 milligram per cubic meter or 2
million particles per cubic foot, radon
daughters attached to dusts, fumes,
and mists described above, and
asbestos-containing dusts and mists.
Not for use in atmospheres  containing
less than 19.5 percent oxygen or in
atmospheres containing toxic gases
or vapors.

With Type H Ultra Filter® Cartridge
(Magenta): Approval No. TC 21C-135.
Approved for respiratory protection
against dusts, fumes, and mists having
a TWA less than 0.05 milligram per
cubic meter, and radionuclides.t
Not for use in atmospheres containing
less than 19.5 percent oxygen or in
atmospheres containing toxic gases
or vapors.

With Sparkfoe™ Type H Cartridge
(Magenta): Approval No. TC 21C-135.
Approved for respiratory protection
against dusts, fumes, and mists having
a TWA less than 0.05 milligram per
cubic meter,  and radionuclides.t
Not for use in atmospheres containing
less than 19.5 percent oxygen or in
atmospheres containing toxic gases
or vapors.
 Four interchangeable
 chemical cartridges

 NIOSH approvals have been issued for
 Comfo II Respirators utilizing cnemical
 cartridges, as follows:

 With GMA Cartridge (Black): Approval
 No. TC 23C-40. Approved for respira-
 tory protection against (1) not more
 than one-tenth (0.1) percent organic
 vapors by volume, (2) dusts and mists
 having a TWA not less than 0.05 milli-
 gram per cubic meter or 2 million par-
 ticles per cubic foot, and asbestos-
 containing dusts and mists.* Not for
 use in atmospheres containing less
than 19.5 percent oxygen. Do not wear
for protection against organic vapors
with poor warning properties or those
which generate high heats of reaction
with sorbent material in the cartridge.
Maximum use concentrations will be
lower than 0.1 percent where that con-
centration produces atmospheres
immediately dangerous to life or health.

With GMB Cartridge (White): Approval
No. TC 23C-41. Approved for respira-
tory protection against (1) not more
than 10 parts per million chlorine, 50
parts per million hydrogen chloride, or
50 parts per million sulfur dioxide,
(2) dusts and mists having aTWA not
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic meter
or 2 million particles per cubic foot, and
asbestos-containing dusts and mists.*
Do not wear in atmospheres immedi-
ately dangerous to life or health or in
atmosoheres containing less than 19.5
percent oxygen.

With CMC Cartridge (Yellow): Approval
No. TC 23C-47. Approved for respira-
tory protection against (1) not more
than 1,000 ppm organic vapors, 10 ppm
chlorine, or 50 ppm hydrogen chloride
or sulfur dioxide, (2) dusts and mists
having aTWA not less than 0.05 milligram
per cubic meter or 2 million particles
per cubic foot, and asbestos-contain-
ing dusts and mists.* Do not wear in
atmospheres immediately dangerous
to life or in atmospheres containing
less than 19.5 percent oxygen. Do not
wear in organic vapors with poor warn-
ing properties or which generate high
heats of reaction with sorbent materials
in the cartridge.

With GMD Cartridge (Green): Approval
No. TC 23C-43. Approved for respira-
tory protection against (1) not more
than 300 parts per million ammonia or
100 parts per million methylamine,
(2) dusts and mists having aTWAnot
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic
meter or 2 million particles per cubic
foot, and asbestos-containing dusts
and mists.* Do not wear in atmospheres
immediately dangerous to life or health
or in atmospheres containing less than
19.5 percent oxygen.

'Important: Protection extended to
include dusts and mists and asbestos-
containing dusts and mists only by
adding Type F filters and filter covers
to above cartridges.

Nine interchangeable
combination filter/cartridges

NIOSH approvals have been issued for
Comfo II Respirators utilizing combina-
tion filters and cartridges, as follows:

With GMA-F Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval No. TC 23C-157
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC 23C-151). Approved for respiratory
 protection against: (1) not more than
 1000 parts per million organic vapors;
(2) dusts and mists with TWA not less
than 0.05 milligram per cubic meter or
2 million particles per cubic foot; and
(3) asbestos-containing dusts and
mists. Not for use in atmospheres im-
mediately dangerous to life or health
or in atmospheres containing less than
19.5 percent oxygen; do not wearfor
protection against organic vapors with
poor warning properties or those which
generate high heats  of reaction with
sorbent material in the cartridge.

With GMA-H Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval  TC 23C-161
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC 23C-155). Approved for  respiratory
protection against: (1) not more than
1000 parts per million organic vapors;
(2) dusts, fumes, and mists  with TWA
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic
meter; and (3) radionuclides.t Not for
use in atmospheres  immediately
dangerous to life or  health or in atmos-
pheres containing less than 19.5
percent oxygen; do not wear for pro-
tection against organic vapors with
poor warning properties or those
which generate high heats  of reaction
with sorbent material in the cartridge.

With GMB-H Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval TC 23C-156
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC23C-150). Approved for respiratory
protection against: (1) not more than
10 parts per million chlorine, 50 parts
per million hydrogen chloride, 50 parts
per million sulfur dioxide; (2) dusts,
fumes, and mists with TWA less than
0.05 milligram per cubic meter; and
(3) radionuclides.t Do not wear in
atmospheres immediately dangerous
to life or health or in atmospheres
containing less than 19.5 percent
oxygen.

With GMC-S Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval TC 23C-160
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC 23C-154). Approved for respiratory
protection against: (1) not more than
1000 parts per million organic vapors,
10 parts per million chlorine, 50 parts
per million hydrogen chloride, 50
parts  per million sulfur dioxide; (2)
dusts, fumes, and mists with TWA not
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic
meter or 2 million particles per cubic
foot; (3) asbestos-containing dusts and
mists; and (4) radon daughters
attached to dusts, fumes, mists
described above. Not for use in
atmospheres immediately dangerous
to life or health  or in atmospheres
containing less than 19.5 percent
oxygen; do not wear for protection
against organic vapors with poor warn-
ing properties or those which generate
high heats of reaction with sorbent
material in the cartridge.

With GMC-H Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval TC 23C-159
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC 23C-153). Approved for respiratory

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protection against: (1) not more than
1000 parts per million organic vapors,
10 parts per million chlorine, 50 parts
per million hydrogen chloride, 50 parts
per million sulfur dioxide; (2) dusts,
fumes, and mists with a TWA less than
0.05 milligram per cubic meter; and
(3) radionuclides.T Not for use in
atmospheres immediately dangerous
to life or health or in atmospheres con-
taining less than 19.5 percent oxygen;
do not wear for protection against
organic vapors with poor warning
properties or those which generate
high heats of reaction with sorbent
material in the cartridge.

With GMD-H Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval TC 23C-158
(cartridge has separate approval,
TC 23C-152). Approved for respiratory
protection against: (1) not more than
300 parts per million ammonia, 100
parts per million methyl amine; (2)
dusts, fumes, and mists with a TWA
less than 0.05 milligram per cubic
meter; and (3) radionuclides.t Do not
wear in atmospheres immediately
dangerous to life or health or in
atmospheres containing less than 19.5
percent oxygen.

With GMP Pesticide Cartridge (with
crimped-in prefilter): Approval No.
TC 23C-79. For use against pesticides.
Not for use in atmospheres containing
less than 19.5 percent oxygen. Do not
wear for protection against organic
vapors with poor warning properties
or those which generate high heats of
reaction with sorbent material in the
cartridge. Maximum use concentra-
tions will be lower than 0.1 percent
where that concentration produces
atmospheres immediately dangerous
to life or health. Not approved for
fumigants.

With Paint Combination Filter-
Cartridge: Approval No. TC 23C-80.
For respiratory protection against (1)
mists of paints, lacquers, and enam-
els, (2) not more than 1000 parts per
million organic vapors, or (3) any com-
bination thereof. Not for use in atmos-
pheres containing less than 19.5  per-
cent oxygen. Do not wear for protec-
tion against organic vapors with poor
warning properties orthose which
generate high heats of reaction with
sorbent material in the cartridge.
Maximum use concentrations will be
lower than 0.1 percent where that con-
centration  produces atmospheres im-
mediately dangerous to life or health.

With GMI-H Combination Filter/
Cartridge: Approval No. TC 23C-243.
For respiratory protection against
(1) not more than 1000 ppm of
organic vapors; (2) dusts, fumes, and
mists with a TWA less than 0.05 milli-
gram per cubic meter; and (3) radio-
nuclides.t Also effective against iodine
vapor. Do not use in atmospheres
                                                                A-33
   Top left: Comfo II Respirator with GMP
   Pesticide Cartridge (with cnmped-in
   prefilter)
   Top right: Comfo II Respirator with Paint
   Spray Filter-Cartridge (replaceable pre-
   filter and cover)
   Bottom left: Mersorb^ Comfo II
   Respirator
   Bottom right: Belt-mounted Comfo II
   Respirator
containing less than 19.5 percent
oxygen or when concentrations of
contaminants are unknown or imme-
diately dangerous to life or health.

Special-purpose Comfo II
Respirator
MSA also makes another special-
purpose Comfo II Respirator—the
Mersorb® Respirator with MSA Mercury
Indicator Cartridge, for protection
from metallic mercury vapors. At the
time this data sheet was published,
NIOSH approval had not been received
for this respirator, but it has the same
basic features as the respirators shown
on preceding pages. Please contact
MSA for current status of this
respirator.

Conversion Kit
A conversion kit is available to permit
conversion of the Custom Comfo Face-
piece to a Comfo II Facepiece. The kit
consists of two cartridge receptacles
equipped with inhalation check vaives
and gaskets, one exhalation valve
cover, two filter covers, and one
Approval/Part No. label.
Following is a partial list of gaseous
materials for which chemical
cartridge respirators should not be
used for respiratory protection re-
gardless of concentration or time of
exposure; this far-from-complete list
is offered only as a guide to proper
evaluation of the many contaminants
found in industry. Contact MSA for
further information on other specific
materials.
Acrolein
Aniline
Arsine
Bromine
Carbon monoxide
Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl sulfale
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen sulfide
Methanol
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Methyiene chloride
Nickel carbonyl
Nitro compounds
  Nitrobenzene
  Nitrogen oxides
  Nitroglycerm
  Nitromethane
Ozone
Phosgene
Phosphine
Phosphorus trichloride
Stibine
Sulfur chloride
Toluene diisocyanate
Vinyl chloride
                                tNIOSH regards this filter as satisfactory for respiratory protection against asbestos.

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Ordering information
          A-3 4
Comfo II Respirators are available in
three sizes, small, medium, and large,
and in two colors, black and green.
Order respirator (each) and desired
filter/cartridges separately (except
Type F and Paint Spray, which come
complete including special filter
covers).

Catalog numbers
Comfo II Respirator, without filters or
cartridges:
465825
465826
460968
463873
466486
466487
Small, black
Small, green
Medium, black
Medium, green
Large, black
Large, green
Comfo II Respirator, complete:
Type F Comfo II Respirator, complete
with 10 spare filters; Approval No.
TC 21C-133** covering dusts, mists
(including asbestos):
466253
466254
459440
466252
466530
466531
Small, black
Small, green
Medium, black
Medium, green
Large, black
Large, green
 Paint Comfo II Respirator, complete
 with two chemical cartridges and two
 filters; Approval No.TC23C-80:**
 covering paints (cartridge TC 23C-40;
 filters TC23C-80):
466250
466251
448849
466249
466528
466529
Small, black
Small, green
Medium, black
Medium, green
Large, black
Large, green
 Respirators meet various NIOSH ap-
 provals when combined with appro-
 priate cartridges or filters below:
 Aerosol and Chemical Cartridges (10
 per box unless otherwise noted):
 464034  Type S Filters; Approval No.
         TC21C-134** covering dusts,
         mists, and fumes (including
         radon daughters, asbestos
         dusts and mists)
464035  Type H Filters; Approval No.
        TC 21C-135* * covering dusts,
        mists, and fumes (including
        radionuclides)
464031  GMA Cartridges; Approval No.
        TC23C-40** covering
        organic vapors
464032  GMB Cartridges; Approval No.
        TC 23C-41 ** covering certain
        acid gases
464046  GMC Cartridges: Approval No.
        TC 23C-47** covering certain
        acid gases and organic vapors
464033  GMD Cartridges; Approval No.
        TC23C-43** covering
        ammonia and methyl amine
465798  Sparkfoe Type H Filters;
        Approval No. 21 C-135**
        covering dusts, mists, and
        fumes (incuding radio-
        nuclides)
466204  Mersorb Indicator Cartridge;
        covering metallic mercury
        vapors
459595  Type F Replacement Filters;
        Approval No. TC 21 C-133;
        box of 10
459693  Type F Replacement Filters;
        Approval No. TC 21 C-133;
        ctnof100(10pksof10)
465253  Type F Replacement Filters;
        Approval No. TC 21 C-133;
        box of 100 bulk packed
448845  Paint Prefilter; Approval No.
        TC23C-80;pkgof10
465667  Paint Prefilter; Approval No.
        TC 23C-80; in dispenser pack
        of 20 filters

**Note: Filter or cartridge TC number is the
same as that of the respirator.

Combination  Filter/Cartridges
(6 per box unless otherwise noted):
464023  GMA-F Combination Filter/
        Cartridges, 10 per box;
        Approval Nos. TC 23C-157
        for Respirator, TC 23C-151
        for Filter/Cartridges
464029  GMA-H Combination Filter/
        Cartridges; Approval Nos.
        TC 23C-161 for Respirator,
        TC23C-155 for Filter/
         Cartridges
464028   GMB-H Combination Filter/
         Cartridges; Approval Nos.
         TC 23C-156 for Respirator,
         TC23C-150 for Filter/
         Cartridges
464027  GMC-H Combination Filter/
        Cartridges; Approval Nos.
        TC 23C-159 for Respirator,
        TC23C-153 for Filter/
        Cartridges
464026  GMC-S Combination Filter/
        Cartridges; Approval Nos.
        TC 23C-160 for Respirator,
        TC23C-154 for Filter/
        Cartridges
464030  GMD-H Combination Filter/
        Cartridges; Approval Nos.
        TC 23C-158 for Respirator,
        TC23C-152 for Filter/
        Cartridges
464025  GMP Pesticide Combination
        Cartridge with crimped-in
        prefilter; Approval No.
        TC 23C-79 (covers both
        Respirator and Cartridges)
464049  GMI-H Combination Filter/
        Cartridges; Approval
        No. TC 23C-243

Replacement Parts:
78584  Valve, inhalation (2 required)
78703   Valve, exhalation
459028   Cover, exhalation valve
82168   Seat, exhalation valve
459029   Receptacle, cartridge (2
         required)
461175   Yoke, facepiece, medium
         and large
465550   Yoke, facepiece, small
86537   Headband, elastic, 4-piece set
88960   Headband, rubber, 4-piece set
459035   Gasket (2 required)
83365   Valve, exhalation, complete
466006   Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, small black
466200   Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, small green
93114   Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, medium black
466199   Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, medium green
466532   Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, large black
466533  Facepiece blank with rubber
         button, large green
448844  Coverfor Paint Filter (two
         required)
459027  Cover for Type F Filters (two
         required)

 Conversion Kit/Accessories
459971   Conversion Kit, to upgrade
         Custom Comfo® to Comfo II
         Respirator
 34337   Cleaner-Sanitizer (dispenser
         box)
 Note: This Data Sheet contains only a
 general description of Comfo II Respirators.
 While uses and performance capabilities are
 described, under no circumstances should
 the products be used except by qualified,
 trained personnel and not until the instruc-
 tions, labels, or other literature accompany-
 ing them have been carefully read and
 understood and the precautions therein
 set forth followed. Only they contain the
 complete and detailed information
 concerning these products.
                                                Mine Safety Appliances Company
                                                600 Penn Center Boulevard
                                                Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235
                              At your service 20 branch offices in the United States,
                              MSA CANADA, Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
                              Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver,
                              representatives in principal cities of the world
                              Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                       Data Sheet 10-00-03
                                                                          Printed in U.S.A.  794 (L)

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                                     Data Sheet
                                     05-00-01
                                               Gas  Masks
                                                                                                 A-35
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MSA Type N Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
MSA Super Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece (back-
mounted harness)
MSA Industrial Size Gas Mask
with Ultravue Facepiece
MSA Chin Type Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
Application

MSA" Gas Masks are used for respira-
tory protection against certain gases,
vapors, and paniculate matter which
otherwise might be harmful to life or
health.

Because gas masks are air-purifying
devices, designed solely to remove
specific contaminants from the air, it is
essential that their use be restricted to
atmospheres which contain sufficient
oxygen to support life (at least 19.5
percent by volume) and which contain
generally no more than 2 percent con-
centrations of toxic gases and vapors
by volume. It is imperative that the user
assess the exposure conditions care-
fully before selecting a specific mask
for respiratory protection. It is recom-
mended that instruments be used to
measure the concentration of oxygen
and harmful gases and vapors present
in the atmosphere under the various
exposure and operating conditions.

If the specific exposure concentrations
are suspected of exceeding the spe-
cific limitations—only a self-contained
breathing apparatus or a hose mask
with blower should be used.

From a practical standpoint, gas
masks are generally suitable for venti-
lated areas with  relatively stable con-
centration levels. They should never
be used in confined spaces or where
oxygen deficiency and high gaseous
concentrations may occur.

WARNING: DO NOT USE FOR
FIREFIGHTING
          Description

          Each MSA Gas Mask is a protective
          system consisting of the facepiece,
          breathing tube, harness, and a chem-
          ical-sorbent canister, specifically
          labeled and color coded to indicate
          the type of protection afforded.

          Facepieces
          Ultravue* Facepiece: Has a wide-
          vision lens and a speaking diaphragm.
          Lightweight (17 oz), easy to don. Face-
          piece is molded from a soft rubber
          compound which has high resistance
          to facial oils. It has a soft inturned
          peripheral lip and chin stop for good
          fit and tight seal. Headbands of the
          same rubber are attached to the face-
          piece by stainless steel quick-adjust
          roller buckles; the replaceable buckles
          are attached to the facepiece without
          rivets.

          Lens is rugged polycarbonate and fits
          close to the eyes to afford unobstructed
          vision. Each lens is treated with Abcite*
          coating which resists scratching and
          chemical attack. The lens is securely
          sandwiched between a flexible, formed
          rubber groove in the periphery of the
          facepiece and the lens retaining  ring.
                    A molded-in baffle serves as a deflecto
                    for exhaled air to reduce lens fogging;
                    it also directs the voice to the speaking
                    diaphragm to permit clear short-range
                    conversation.

                    The facepiece has a universal coupling
                    nut which permits quick disassembly
                    for cleaning and also allows the face-
                    piece to be interchanged with other
                    MSA  respiratory protection equipment.
                    Most  parts, including the lens, can be
                    replaced in the field without special
                    tools.

                                      Clearvue* Face-
                                      piece: This wide-
                                      vision facepiece
                                      with speaking
                                      diaphragm is
                                      available on
                                      special order.
                                      Unit may be
                                      equipped with an
                                      MSACIearCom
                    Amplifying unit or a Maskfone™ Sound
                    Powered Communications device for
                    communications in high-noise areas.

                    Accessories are available for use with
                    either facepiece: a spectacle kit for
                    prescription lenses, a nosecup to
                    reduce the possibility of lens fogging
                    under low temperature and/or high
                    humidity conditions, and a welders
                    adapter which permits the attachment
                    of large welding plates.

                    The Ultravue Facepiece and Clearvue
                    Facepiece are NIOSH/MESA approved
                    with most types of MSA respiratory
                    protection equipment.
                    'Trademark of E I  du Pont de Nemours and
                                                                                         Co (Inc )
                                                                                                              Data Sheet
                                                                                                              05-00-01

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           A-36
MSA Gas Mask Canisters: Chin Type, Industrial Size, Super Size, and Type N
MSA Gas Mask Canisters

MSA manufactures four canister
models: Type N, Super Size, Indus-
trial Size, and Chin Type. The model to
use depends upon type and concentra-
tion of contaminant and length of serv-
ice life required.

MSA canisters are seamless and, ex-
cept for the aluminum Chin Type
canister, are made of steel. The com-
pact oval shape makes the canister
easy to use and store. Canister con-
nector is threaded, and a sealing tape
seals the bottom air intake to assure
fresh chemical sorbents by preventing
moisture from entering the canister
before use.

                   An adjustable
                   universal-size
                   harness consist-
                   ing of webbing
                   and a cover shell
                   is used to support
                   Type N, Super
                   Size, and Indus-
                   trial Size Can-
                   isters. Tubular
nylon webbing resists chemicals and
moisture, is easily cleaned and sani-
tized, and keeps its snug fit indefinitely.
The rigid, injection-molded nylon shell
fits over the top of the seamless can-
ister and is held in place by the harness
webbing; it is easily removed for can-
ister change. Harnesses for either
front or back mounting are available.

A series of Industrial Size Canisters
with D-rings attached to the canister
shell for wearwith a single webbed
strap are available on special order.
Carrying cases for Industrial, Super Size,
and Type N Gas Masks (left) and Chin Type
Gas Masks (right)
Gas mask carrying cases: All Industrial
and Super Size Gas Masks are supplied
in one-piece molded plastic carrying
cases. Cases have no metal parts. Two
canisters are supplied with Super Size
masks; one canister is supplied with
Industrial and Chin-type masks. The
Chin-type mask is supplied in a more
compact case.
Canister selection: Each canister is
specifically labeled as to type and limi-
tations and is color coded for fast and
accurate recognition through the color
of the canister itself and the stripes of
high-visibility, pressure-sensitive tape
on the top and/or bottom.

The U.S. Bureau of Mines previously
tested and approved gas masks under
Schedule 14 for respiratory protection
against specific gases and vapors in
concentrations up to 2 percent by
volume (3  percent ammonia) or as
specified on the canister label. (Excep-
tions are the Super Size Gas Mask for
vinyl chloride which has been tested
and approved by  NIOSH/MESAfor
respiratory protection against not more
than 25 ppm vinyl chloride for not more
than 4 hours or until the end of the
work shift  in which it is first used,
whichever comes first, and four types
of chin masks which also have NIOSH/
MESA approval. NIOSH/MESA has
plans to extend its gas-mask testing
and certification program in the future.)
Chin Type Canisters, because of their
smaller size, should be limited to con-
centrations not in excess of 0.5 per-
cent by volume.

Most MSA canisters contain particulate
filters for the removal of dust and cer-
tain other  particulate matter, as indi-
cated by a gray stripe around the top
of the canister. This makes the mask
dual purpose—protects against  both
gaseous and particulate contaminants,
and eliminates stocking canisters for
special use in situations where toxic
aerosols may oe  present. Certain
canisters also have a high-efficiency
Ultra-Filter-" element which protects
against more toxic and finely divided
matter.

The following chart shows the MSA
canisters and gas masks available for
various contaminants.

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MSA canister
identification
(SS indicates
Super Size)   Color coding
                    Protects against
                                                                                                       Canister sizes available
                                                                                                       (Catalog numbers in parentheses)
SW

HW
VCM-SS
GMA &
GMA-SS

GMB

GMC &
GMC-S

GMC-SS-1

GMD &
GMD-SS

GMK &
GMK-SS
GML
                GMN-SSW
                GMP
                GTvIR

                GMR-S
                QMS
                GMV &
                GMV-SS
Red

Red
Light Olive
Black
White

Yellow
Yellow with orange
stripe around bottom
Green
White with green
stripe around bottom
White with yellow
stripe around bottom

Orange
Yellow

Olive
Magenta

Magenta
White
White
                                                 ft 2% acid gases, organic vapors, or carbon monoxide; 3%
                                                  ammonia, or 2% total when more than one class is present
                                                 ttSame as above with the addition of hydrogen fluoride gas
                                                  Not more than 25 ppm vinyl chloride
                                                  |2%* organic vapors
                                                  f2%-by-volume acid gases

                                                  t2%* organic vapors and acid gases
                                                  12% hydrogen sulfide, organic vapors, 0.5 percent
                                                   phosphme
                                                  f3%* ammonia
                                                  f2% hydrocyanic acid gas

                                                  fChlorme not more than 1 %" by volume
                                 tf2% rocket fuels and oxidizers
                                 tfAcid gases and/or organic vapors including pesticides and
                                   tear gas, not more than 2%* by volume
                                 ftPesticides
                                 ffO.5% iodine vapors, hydrogen fluoride, and radioactive
                                   particulate matter
                                 tto.5% iodine vapors and radioactive particulate matter
                                  iSulfur dioxide
                                 ttAcid gases, such as sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane), not more than
                                   2% by volume
Type N (81524)

Type N (85956)
Super Size (461480)
Industrial Size (77705; with
D-rmg, 84905), Super Size
(77706), and Chin Type (448974)
Industrial Size (84494; with
D-rmg, 84498)
Industrial Size (84493: with
D-rmg, 84497), Super Size
(84908), and Chin Type (88340)
Super Size (77713)

Industrial Size (77707; with
D-ring, 84495), Super Size
(77708), and Chin Type (448973)
Industrial (77709; with  D-rmg,
95194), and Super Size (84499)
Industrial Size (77711; with
D-rmg, 84492), and Chin Type
(460113)
Super Size with window (92372)
Industrial Size with D-rmg
(88181)
Chin Type (448972)
Chin Type (88182)

Chin Type (92896)
Chin Type (461132)
Industrial size  (87081), and
Super Size (87080)
               *Note: Chin Type Canisters, because of their small size, should be
               used in concentrations not in excess of 0.5 percent.
               Canisters marked with a (f)-GMA, GMB, GMC, GMD, GMK, GML,
               QMS, and GMV) contain a particulate filter, identified by a gray or
               orange stripe on canister, effective against dusts and mists having a
                                                           Threshold Limit Value (TLV) not less than 0.1 mg/m3. Canisters
                                                           marked with (tt)-SW, HW, GMN, GMP, and GMR-contam an Ultra
                                                           Filter with initial efficiency of 99.98% against 0.3-micron OOP smoke,
                                                           and provide respiratory protection against more toxic and more finely
                                                           divided dusts, mists, and fumes having a TLV less than 0.1 mg/m3.
               Service life: Canister service life of
               an air-purifying device depends on the
               following factors:

               1. The design, including the quality
               and amount of chemical fill, packing
               uniformity, and density.

               2. Variable exposure conditions, in-
               cluding concentration of contaminants
               in the air, breathing rate of the wearer,
               temperature, and humidity. Generally,
               higher concentrations, breathing rates,
               and humidity conditions adversely
               affect service life. Since the exposure
               conditions are subject to wide varia-
               tion, it is most difficult to estimate the
               service life of a gas mask canister.
               However, for guidance purposes,
               actual man tests performed under
               Bureau of Mines Schedule 14F stipu-
               late the following minimum service re-
               quirements at an average breathing
                                        rate of 25 liters per minute in concen-
                                        trations of 2 percent for most gases
                                        and vapors or 3 percent ammonia:

                                        Industrial  Size Canisters ..30 minutes
                                        Type N Canisters
                                          Acid gases	15 minutes
                                          Organic vapors	25 minutes
                                          Ammonia  	15 minutes
                                          Carbon  monoxide	30 minutes

                                        MSA Industrial and Super Size Can-
                                        isters exceed these minimum perform-
                                        ance requirements. Super Size Can-
                                        isters, because of their greater volume
                                        of chemical fill, will last approximately
                                        twice as long  as the equivalent Indus-
                                        trial Size Canister. Chin Type Can-
                                        isters, because of their small size,
                                        should be  used in concentrations not
                                        in excess of 0.5 percent.
                                                                   Warning: Because the work level of
                                                                   the wearer may be more or less than
                                                                   that used in the test, a shorter or longer
                                                                   service period may actually be ob-
                                                                   tained. Hence, the above times are
                                                                   guides only and cannot be relied upon
                                                                   for minimum performance time.

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            A-38
Type N Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
The MSA Type N, Model SW Gas Mask
is approved for respiratory protection
in atmospheres containing at least
19.5 percent oxygen and not more than
2 percent acid gases, organic vapors,
or carbon monoxide; 3 percent
ammonia; or 2 percent total when more
than one class is present. Also ap-
proved for respiratory protection
against dusts, mists, fogs, and smokes
having a Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
of less than 0.1 milligram per cubic
meter or 2.4 million particles per cubic
foot. The Model HW Canister contains
a special filter making it resistant to
hydrogen fluoride gas.

Impermeable protective clothing
should be worn during exposures to
gases and vapors which can poison
by skin absorption.
The Type N Gas Mask has a Window-
Cator® Canister which contains a
moisture indicator. This small, round
window in the front of the canister has
two half-circles—one shows a light
blue reference color; the other, a
darker blue indicating color. As the
sorbent is penetrated during use and
absorbs moisture, the indicator color
gradually grows lighter—closer to the
reference color. When the colors
match, the canister is losing its effec-
tiveness against carbon monoxide and
should be replaced. Note: A Type N
Canister exposed to carbon monoxide
can be expected to get  quite warm
due to the oxidation reaction; however,
if the inhaled air becomes extremely
hot, it is an indication that high gas
concentrations have been encountered
and the wearer should return to fresh
air immediately.

The Type N Model SW canister has a
high-efficiency particulate filter ap-
proved by the Bureau of Mines for
toxic dusts, smoke, fumes, mists, and
fogs. This particulate filter is designed
for high filtration with low breathing
resistance. The large shielded port at
the canister base also contributes to
the low breathing resistance.
Ordering information
Catalog numbers (NIOSH or USBM
Approval Number in parentheses)
MSA Type N Gas Mask with Ultravue
Facepiece
457076  Model SW, front mounted;
        complete with two 81524
        Window-Cator Canisters; in
        carrying case (14F-66A)
457075  Model HW, front mounted;
        complete with two 85956
        Window-Cator Canisters; in
        carrying case
457074  Model SW, Type C, back
        mounted; complete with two
        81524 Window-Cator Can-
        isters; in carrying case (14F-
        66A)
81524   Replacement Canister, Model
        SW Window-Cator; for Type
        NMask
85956   Replacement Canister, Model
        HW Window-Cator; for Type
        NMask

Note: Type N Gas Masks are also available
with Clearvue Facepieceson special order.
WARNING: DO NOT USE FOR
FIREFIGHTING

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Super Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece

The MSA Super Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece is designed for
respiratory protection against a
specific gas or group of gases, as indi-
cated by canister identification, in
areas where there is sufficient oxygen
to sustain life (19.5 percent by volume)
and where the total toxic-gas concen-
tration does not exceed 2 percent by
volume or as specifically indicated on
the canister label.

As indicated by its name, the Super
Size Gas Mask has an extra-large
canister which will last for longer
periods than Industrial Size Canisters
because of a larger volume of chemical
fill.
A filter in the canister removes certain
particulate contaminants. See can-
ister selection chart for details.
Ordering information

Catalog numbers (NIOSH or USBM
Approval Number in parentheses)
MSA Super Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
461483  Vinyl chloride; front mounted;
        complete with two 461480
        VCM-SS canisters; in carry-
        ing case (TC-14G-84)
457070  Organic vapor; front
        mounted; complete with two
        77706 GMA-SS canisters; in
        carrying case (14F-57)
457071  Organic vapor/acid gas;
        front mounted; complete with
        two 84908 GMC-S canisters;
        in carrying case (14F-64)
457069  Organic vapor/hydrogen
        sulfide/phosphine; front
        mounted; complete with two
        77713GMC-SS-1 canisters;
        in carrying case (14F-61)
457072  Ammonia; front mounted;
        complete with two 77708
        GMD-SS canisters; in carry-
        ing case (14F-59)
457073  Hydrocyanic acid; front
        mounted; complete with two
        84499 GMK-SS canisters; in
        carrying case (14F-63)
449732  Rocket propellant, in pouch,
        with one 92372 GMN-SSW
        canister
461970  Rocket propellant, in case
457097  Front-mounted gas mask;
        canisters to be specified; in
        carrying case


461484  Vinyl chloride; Type C back
        mounted: complete with two
        461480 VCM-SS canisters; in
        carrying case (TC-14G-84)
461486  Vinyl chloride; Type D back
        mounted; complete with two
        461480 VCM-SS canisters; in
        carrying case (TC-14G-84)
457085  Organic vapor; Type C back
        mounted; complete with two
        77706 GMA-SS canisters; in
        carrying case (14F-57)
457087  Organic vapor/hydrogen
        sulfide/phosphine; Type C
        back mounted; complete with
        two77713GMC-SS-1 can-
        isters; in carrying case (14F-
        61)
457095  Type C back-mounted gas
        mask; canisters to be speci-
        fied; in carrying case
457067  Organic vapor/hydrogen
        sulfide/phosphine: Type D
        back mounted; complete
        withtwo77713GMC-SS-1
        canisters; in carrying case
        (14F-61)
457133  Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane);
        Type D back mounted; com-
        plete with two 87080 GMV-SS
        canisters; in carrying case


461480  Replacement Canister, VCM-
        SS, vinyl chloride; for Super
        Size Gas Mask
77706   Replacement Canister, GMA-
        SS, organic vapors; for Super
        Size Gas Mask
77713   Replacement Canister, GMC-
        SS-1, hydrogen sulfide/
        organic vapors/phosphine;
        for Super Size Gas Mask
77708   Replacement Canister, GMD-
        SS, ammonia; for Super Size
        Gas Mask
84908   Replacement Canister,
        GMC-S, organic vapors/acid
        gases; for Super Size Gas
        Mask
84499   Replacement Canister, GMK-
        SS, hydrocyanic acid gas; for
        Super Size Gas Mask
87080   Replacement Canister, GMV-
        SS, sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane);
        for Super Size Gas Mask
92372   Replacement Canister, GMN-
        SSW—rocket propellants;
        for Super Size Gas Mask
Note: Type C back-mounted masks have
one breathing tube, Type D back-mounted
masks have two tubes. Super Size Gas
Masks are also available with Clearvue
Facepieces on special order.
WARNING: DO NOT USE FOR
FIREFIGHTING

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          A-40
                                                                               I
Industrial Size Gas Mask
with Ultravue Facepiece

The MSA Industrial Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece is approved for
respiratory protection against a spe-
cific gas or group of gases, as indi-
cated by canister identification, in
areas where there is sufficient oxygen
to sustain life (19.5 percent by volume)
and where the total toxic-gas concen-
tration does not exceed 2 percent by
volume or as specifically indicated on
the canister label.

This gas mask is similarto the Super
Size mask described previously,
except it has a smaller canister.

See canister selection chart for details.
Ordering information

Catalog numbers (NIOSH or LJSBM
Approval Number in parentheses)
MSA Industrial Size Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
457081  Organic vapor; front
        mounted; complete with a
        77705 GMA canister; in
        carrying case (14F-56)
457082  Ammonia; front mounted:
        complete with a 77707 GMD
        canister; in carrying case
        (14F-58)
457083  Chlorine; front mounted;
        complete with a 77711 GML
        canister; in carrying case
        (14F-60)
457084  Hydrocyanic acid; front
        mounted; complete with a
        77709 GMK canister; in carry-
        ing case (14F-62)
457100  Front-mounted gas mask;
        canister to be specified: in
        carrying case
            *    *    *
457077  Organic vapor; Type C back
        mounted; complete with a
        77705 GMA canister; in carry-
        ing case (14F-56)
457078  Ammonia; Type C back
        mounted: complete with a
        77707 GMD canister; in carry-
        ing case (14F-58)
457080  Chlorine; Type C back
        mounted; complete with a
        77711 GML canister; in
        carrying case (14F-60)
457090  Type C back mounted; can-
        ister to be specified; in carry-
        ing case
77705   Replacement Canister, GMA
        organic vapors: for MSA In-
        dustrial Size Gas Mask
84494   Replacement Canister, GMB
        acid gases; for MSA Indus-
        trial Size Gas Mask
84493   Replacement Canister. GMC
        organic vapors/acid gases;
        for MSA Industrial Size Gas
        Mask
77707   Replacement Canister. GMD
        ammonia; for MSA Industrial
        Size Gas Mask
88181   Replacement Canister, GMP
        organic vapors, acid gases.
        and toxic particulates; for
        MSA Industrial Size Gas Mask
77709   Replacement Canister, GMK
        hydrocyanic acid gas; for
        MSA Industrial Size Gas Mask
77711   Replacement Canister, GML
        chlorine; for MSA Industrial
        Size Gas Mask
87081   Replacement Canister, GMV
        sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane); for
        MSA Industrial Size Gas
        Mask

Note: Type C back-mounted masks have
one breathing tube, Type D back-mounted
masks have two tubes. Industrial Size Gas
Masks with Clearvue Facepieces and a
series of Industrial Size Canisters with
D-rmgs attached are available on special
order.
WARNING: DO NOT USE FOR
FIREFIGHTING

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Chin Type Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece
The MSA Chin Type Gas Mask is rec-
ommended for respiratory protection
against gases and vapors in concen-
trations not in excess of 0.5 percent by
volume where there is sufficient
oxygen to sustain life (19.5 percent by
volume). Specific protection afforded
by each type of canister is shown on
canister label.

The Chin Type Gas Mask gives face
and respiratory protection against par-
ticulate matter, vapors,  and gases by
means of a lightweight,  replaceable
canister. The small, oval-shaped alu-
minum canister and facepiece are
designed to permit downward head
movement.
When equipped with the GMR canister,
the chin-type mask is particularly
adaptable for use in ERDA installations
because of its highly efficient Ultra
Filter element (for radioactive
aerosols) and the special chemical
bed which efficiently absorbs hydrogen
fluoride, radioactive iodine vapors,
acid gases, and organic vapors. The
GMR-S canister is equally applicable,
except that its Ultra Filter element is
not designed for exposure to HF. The
GMR-I canister is very effective against
organic iodides and iodine vapors.


Ordering  information

Catalog numbers (NIOSH or USBM
Approval Number in parentheses)
MSA Chin Type Gas Mask with
Ultravue Facepiece:
448975  Organic vapor; complete with
        a 448974 GMA canister; in
        carton (TC-14G-87)
448976  Organic vapor; complete with
        a448974 GMA canister; in
        carrying case (TC-14G-87)
457113  Organic vapor/acid gas;
        complete with an 88340 GMC
        canister; in carton
457108  Organic vapor/acid gas;
        complete with an 88340 GMC
        canister; in carrying case
448979  Ammonia; complete with a
        448973 GMD canister; in
        cardboard carton (TC-14G-88)
448980  Ammonia; complete with a
        448973 GMD canister; in
        carrying case (TC-14G-88)
460133  Chlorine; complete with a
        460113 GML canister; in card-
        board carton (TC-14G-89)
460134  Chlorine; complete with a
        460113 GML canister; in
        carrying case (TC-14G-89)
448983  Pesticides; complete with a
        448972 GMP canister; in
        carton (TC-14G-86)
448984  Pesticides; complete with a
        448972 GMP canister; in
        carrying  case (TC-14G-86)
457111  Iodine vapors, hydrogen
        fluoride/radioactive particu-
        late matter: complete with an
        88182 GMR canister; in
        carton
457104  Iodine vapors, hydrogen
        fluoride/radioactive particu-
        late matter; complete with an
        88182 GMR canister; in
        carrying case
461133  Sulfur dioxide; complete with
        a 461132 QMS canister; in
        carton (TC-14G-92)
461140  Sulfur dioxide; complete with
        a 461132 QMS canister; in
        carrying case (TC-UG-92)
448974  Replacement Canister. GMA
        organic vapors; for MSA Chin
        Type Gas Mask (TC-14G-87)
88340   Replacement Canister, GMC
        organic vapors/acid gases/
        metallic mercury vapors; for
        MSA Chin Type Gas Mask
448973  Replacement Canister, GMD
        ammonia; for MSA Chin Type
        Gas Mask (TC-14G-88)
460113  Replacement Canister, GML
        chlorine; for MSA Chin Type
        Gas Mask (TC-14G-89)
448972  Replacement Canister, GMP
        Pesticides; for MSA Chin
        Type Gas Mask (TC-14G-86)
88182   Replacement Canister, GMR
        iodine vapors/hydrogen
        fluoride/radioactive particu-
        late matter; for MSA Chin
        Type Gas Mask
92896   Replacement Canister,
        GMR-S iodine vapors/
        radioactive participate
        matter; for MSA Chin Type
        Gas Mask
449261  Replacement Canister.
        GMR-I, organic iodides, or-
        ganic vapors, iodine vapors
        and radioactive particulate
        matter
461132  Replacement Canister, GMS,
        sulfur dioxide; for MSA Chin
        Type Gas Mask

Note: Chin Type Gas Masks are available
with Clearvue Facepiece on special order.

WARNING: DO NOT USE FOR
FIREFIGHTING

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 Warning  A-42
 Never use a gas mask without care-
 fully assessing exposure conditions.
 Use suitable instruments to determine
 concentration of oxygen and air con-
 taminants, if possible. If in doubt about
 exposure conditions, use self-
 contained breathing apparatus only.
 Always use strictly in accordance with
 canister labels, gas mask instructions,
 and limitations. Safety is the responsi-
 bility of the user of the mask. DO NOT
 USE GAS MASKS FOR FiREFIGHTING.
 When a chin type canister is used in
 the maximum 0.5 percent (by volume)
 concentration, its useful life may be
 extremely short (as low as 12 minutes).
 As the concentration is reduced, the
 useful life will increase correspond-
 ingly. Note: Do not use canisters where
 the contaminant vapor does NOT
 possess good warning properties such
 as odor, taste, eye, nose or throat irri-
 tation that are readily detectable at or
 below the Threshold Limit Value.
 Gas mask canisters used for emer-
 gency purposes should  be replaced
 after each use. Specific  indications for
 canister replacement and/or return to
 fresh air are:
 1. If the window indicators of the Type
 N or GMN-SSW Canisters show the
 specified color changes.
 2. If any leakage is detected by smell.
 taste, or eye, nose, or throat irritation.
 3. If high breathing resistance develops.
 4. If the canister shelf life is exceeded.
 Specific warning signs which require
 immediate return to fresh air are:
 1. Uncomfortable heat in the inhaled
 air. (A properly operating canister will
 become warm on exposure to certain
 gases or vapors, but a canister which
 becomes extremely hot indicates that
 concentrations above the canister limit
 have been encountered.)
 2. If any fee/ing of nausea, dizziness, or
 ill-being develops.

Approvals and standards
Many MSA Gas Masks have been ap-
proved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines
under Schedule 14F (see ordering in-
formation for specific numbers). The
Super Size Gas Mask for vinyl chloride
has NIOSH/MESA Approval No.
TC-14F-84, and six Chin Masks to date
 have received NIOSH/MESA approval.
Certain MSA Gas Masks also meet
U.S. Coast Guard Specifications under
Subpart160.011.

 Note: This Data Sheet contains only a
 general description of MSA Gas Masks.
 Although the Data Sheet describes uses
 and performance capabilities of the gas
 masks, under no circumstances should
 these products be used except by qualified,
 trained personnel and not until the instruc-
 tions, canister labels, or other literature
 accompanying the products have also been
 carefully read and understood and the
 precautions therein set forth followed. Only
 they contain the complete  and detailed
 information concerning these products.
                         with prescription spectacle
                         kit...
Ultravue Facepiece with
nosecup...
Accessories
MSA Nosecup: Molded from a soft
rubber compound that is resistant to
facial oils. Reduces possibility of lens
fogging. The nosecup, which is easily
affixed to the facepiece without tools,
is particularly effective under condi-
tions of high humidity and/or low
temperatures by inhibiting contact of
the moist exhalation with facepiece
lens.

MSA Spectacle Kit: For use by workers
who must wear corrective lenses,
easily inserted into the facepiece.
Spectacle kit includes wire support,
rubber guide, and one pair of metal-
frame spectacles. Desired adjustment
is obtained by moving the spectacles
in and out of the rubber guide and
moving the rubber guide up and down
the wire support. One size of spectacle
frame is used (S7 shape, 44-mm lens
size) with a Universal Bridge. Correc-
tive lenses may be obtained from MSA
or local sources. Spectacle Kit may be
worn in conjunction with nosecup.

MSA Welders Adapter: Provides eye
protection for welding in areas where a
gas mask is required. Made of poly-
carbonate. Large 41/2"x51/4" lens
area with lift front.

Cover lens: The MSA Ultravue Face-
piece may be equipped with a replace-
able clear cellulose acetate  cover
lens. This inexpensive cover lens pro-
tects the polycarbonate facepiece
lens from scratches and contamina-
tion, thus prolongs its useful life. Re-
placement cover lenses are sold in
packages of 25.

Ordering information

Catalog numbers
457126  Replacement Ultravue Face-
         piece
457135  Nosecup; for use with Ultra-
         vue Facepiece
           and with welders adapter

454819   Prescription Spectacle Kit.
         Universal Bridge, 44-mm lens
         (less lenses); for use with
         Ultravue Facepiece
449646   Welders Adapter, for Ultra-
         vue Facepiece. complete
         with cover lens, less welding
         lens
88379    Cover lens, clear, replace-
         ment, for Welders Adapter
38346    Welding lens, shade £6.
         heat treated
38347    Welding lens, shade ^10,
         heat treated
38277    Welding lens, shade £12.
         heat treated
38348    Welding lens, shade £14,
         heat treated
456975   Cover lens, clear (pkg of 25
         lenses); for Ultravue Face-
         piece
92876    Carrier, canvas, for rocket
         propellant gas mask
84874    Case for hydrocyanic acid
         industrial mask
84884    Case for GMA-SS mask
86112    Case for GMC-S mask
84882    Case for GMD-SS mask
86114    Case for GMK-SS mask
84888    Case for Super Size Gas Mask
         (canister to be specified)
460322   Case for Chin Type Gas Mask
86237    Case for Type N Model SW
         Window-Gator
84870    Case for ammonia industrial
         mask
84876    Case for industrial mask
         (canister to be specified)
84872    Case for chlorine industrial
         mask
84868    Case for organic vapor
         industrial mask
84880    Case for GMC-SS-1 gas mask
86239    Case for model HW Type N
         mask
34337    Cleaner-Sanitizer, 251-oz
         pkgs
                  Mine Safety Appliances Company
                  600 Penn  Center Boulevard
                  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235
At your service- 25 branch offices  in the United States,
MSA CANADA, Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver
representatives in principal cities of the world
Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
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                                      Data Sheet 05-00-0"
                                                                         Printed in U.S.A. 777 ((L)
                                                                                  i

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                                   CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
                           • Selection:  Quantitative & Qualitative
I



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_                             - Methods for Prevention and Control
•                               of Occupational Skin Disease

                               - The Permeability of Laboratory Gloves
I                               to Selected Solvents

                               - The Permeability of Laboratory Gloves
•                               to Selected Nitrosamines

                               - Permeation of Glove Materials by
_                               Physiologically Harmful Chemicals

•                             - Development of Performance Criteria
                                 for Protective Clothing Used Against
•                               Carcinogenic Liquids



I                                 • Typical Vendor Literature*



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                           I*  Use of typical vendor  literature in this Manual

                             does not constitute official endorsement of

                             products by  the Environmental Protection Agency.



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 A-44
                                                                                                  Full Text
                             METHODS  FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL
                                   OF OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASE
  This section considers tne variety of methods of preven-
ting and controlling occupational cutaneous injury and ill-
ness. Control methods for skin disease are similar to those
used  to prevent or control other occupational health and
safety problems. The techniques used to provide workers
with  a  workplace  free  of  occupational hazards are well
known and fairly widely used throughout industry. Virtually
every known job-related skin hazard can be controlled by us-
ing one of these protective  techniques.

          GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HAZARD
           RECOGNITION  AND EVALUATION
  Prevention and control of skin disease and injury involve
several key steps, including recognition of exposure poten-
tials, evaluation of the workplace exposure, and application
of  appropriate controls.  Recognition of potential  skin
hazards is the first step  in any prevention and control
program, and it requires both employers and employees to
know as much as they can about materials, processes, and
plant layout,  and to have a thorough understanding of the
toxic effects of materials and processes.
  To  evaluate potential  workplace exposures, information
should be assembled about the chemicals or other agents in-
volved, the physical layout of the plant and equipment, the
number of workers, and the frequency and duration  of ex-
posure. Process flow charts,  workplace inspections, and
relevant publications are  also  helpful  in  making  such
evaluations.
                                         Four classes of hazardous agents are generally found in in-
                                       dustry: chemical  (vapors, mists, fogs, liquids, solids, etc.),
                                       physical  (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, heat,  cold,
                                       vibration, etc.), biological  (bacteria,  viruses, fungi, etc.),
                                       and ergonomic  (workplace and tool match to worker). Skin
                                       damage is associated primarily with chemical and physical
                                       agents/ but biological and ergonomic  factors must also be
                                       considered. Employers often list, in writing, materials used
                                       in their operations, whether known to be toxic or not, to aid
                                       in recognizing and assessing any risk and controlling any
                                       hazard.
                                         Once potential hazards have been recognized, each must
                                       be evaluated to determine the degree of hazard. Fundamen-
                                       tal to this evaluation is a recognition that toxicity and hazard
                                       are  not  synonymous  (see Glossary).  Determination  of
                                       hazard requires the circumstances of the exposure  to be
                                       taken into account. For example, a chemical may be highly
                                       toxic, but the particular circumstances of its use may be
                                       such that the associated hazard is low. Conversely (and this
                                       has often been the case with compounds  affecting the skin),
                                       a substance's basic toxicity may be low, but prolonged and
                                       repeated contact may  result in  a high  level  of hazard.
                                       Similarly,  many  physical agents  may have  potentially
                                       adverse  effects on  workers  (noise, ionizing radiation, ul-
                                       traviolet light, etc.), but the true hazard  of each will only be
                                       determined by  the particular circumstances of the specific
                                       exposure.
3-29-79
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1614
                                           OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH  REPORTED"
  Evaluation of a prevention and control program includes
sampling and measurement of the actual workplace environ-
ment. The data derived are compared with any standards
available, to make a preliminary assessment  of  hazard.
Sampling strategies must be related to the exposure and the
agent.
  An important first step to measurement is the develop-
ment of a complete list of agents used in the operation, the
sources of exposure to these agents by any route (skin,
respiratory, or digestive), and all control measures in use.
Such a list  may point out potential  skin hazards  such as
solvents, acids, alkalies, lubricants, reactive raw materials
or intermediates, catalysts, and so forth.  Physical agents
listed might include lasers, ionizing  radiation,  ultraviolet,
microwaves,  infrared,  vibration,  and temperature or
humidity extremes. Detection of many of these agents re-
quires special instrumentation; monitoring the worker's ac-
tual exposure might require either continuous or intermit-
tent personal sampling.  Biologic or ergonomic  factors are
less likely than chemical or physical agents to cause skin
hazards.
  Two types of control techniques, primary (immediate) and
indirect, are used for reducing or minimizing occupational
exposure  to  chemical  or  physical  agents.  The  primary
methods   are classified  in  six categories:  sub-
stitution/process change, design  and component specifica-
tion, isolation/enclosure,  ventilation, good housekeeping,
and personal protection. Indirect methods include training
and  education of  employees and  supervisors,  medical
programs, and environmental monitoring; they are of prime
importance in preventing and controlling occupational skin
disease and injury.

    PRIMARY (IMMEDIATE) CONTROL TECHNIQUES

1. Substitution and Process Change
  Hazards associated with particular agents, equipment, or
processes  can be minimized or eliminated by substituting a
less hazardous agent, equipment, or process. This procedure
has been used most frequently with chemical agents;  ex-
amples of such substitution include the use of  toluene for
benzene or methyl chloroform for carbon tetrachloride. An
example of  process substitution is the use of mechanical
seals on pumps instead of gasket seals. In situations where
skin  irritation might be a problem, non-ionic  surfactants
might be substituted for cationic or anionic surfactants.
  Process change  is a  form  of substitution;  it  involves
changing an industrial process to reduce or eliminate the
hazardous  exposure. Substituting  automatic  dipping  for
manual dipping of parts into solvent degreasers is an exam-
ple of process change, in this case through mechanization.
The risk of dermatitis is eliminated when skin surfaces are
no longer exposed to solvent or solvent fumes. Changing the
consistency of a material may also be effective  in reducing
hazard. For example, handling a loose powder consisting of
some hydroscopic materials was causing eye and skin irrita-
tion; the irritation was  eliminated by using a compressed
form of the material, which created no dust when handled.
This new and safer operation was also much cheaper, since
the compressed material was much simpler to handle than
the  loose powder. The so-called "wet methods" have also
been used successfully  to  eliminate or control irritating
dust; water is sprayed  over the dust  or  mixed with the
material to form a  slurry to prevent dust.
2. Design and Component Specification
  This is a procedure for eliminating  or minimizing hazards
at the design or purchase stage. A  common example would
                                      be  requiring a  vibration specification  before purchasing
                                      rotating equipment. A product specification that limits the
                                      impurity  in  a compound  to a  nonhazardous level also
                                      minimizes the user's risk. Government regulatory bodies
                                      are looking into  the effectiveness of this control method.

                                      3. Isolation and Enclosure
                                        An agent or an  operation can be isolated in space or time to
                                      reduce the average exposure or the number of people expos-
                                      ed.  Locating units in regulated areas or performing poten-
                                      tially hazardous activities such as radiography at night or in
                                      other slack periods is an  example of this control technique.
                                      As  a corollary, the worker  can  also be isolated from the
                                      agent, process, or area by being placed in an air-conditioned
                                      control room.
                                        Another form of isolation is enclosure. This procedure in-
                                      volves  placing some form of barrier between the agent/
                                      process and the work force/workplace. Those agents and
                                      processes that do not require constant  attending are par-
                                      ticularly amenable to this technique. As an example, install-
                                      ing  splash guards and hoods over machining operations in-
                                      volving  cutting fluids has resulted in lower rates of der-
                                      matitis. A closed system that eliminates all worker exposure
                                      to certain toxic  agents such as formaldehyde  (strong skin
                                      sensitizer) or  mevinphos (a highly toxic  organophosphate
                                      pesticide readily absorbed through the skin) is another ex-
                                      ample of the enclosure method of control.

                                      4. Ventilation
                                        This method includes both general dilution ventilation and
                                      local exhaust ventilation;  it is used to reduce exposure to air-
                                      borne  physical,  chemical,  or  other  agents. In  some
                                      operations, such as  those involving epoxies, good local ex-
                                      haust ventilation has been quite effective in reducing out-
                                      breaks of dermatitis.          *

                                      5. Good Housekeeping
                                        Though this technique is often overlooked, it is an efficient
                                      and inexpensive means of controlling exposure  to hazardous
                                      agents in the workplace. Of particular value with respect to
                                      personal safety, good housekeeping also extends to the con-
                                      trol of chemical and physical agents. Simple measures such
                                      as providing tools or equipment for proper and safe handling
                                      of materials in transport and during use, adequate storage
                                      space, prompt cleanup of  spills, adequate sanitary facilities,
                                      proper signs and labeling in work areas,  and means for dis-
                                      carding used or off-specification materials have a great im-
                                      pact on  exposure control.  These procedures reduce the
                                      potential for direct skin contact  and also minimize the en-
                                      trainment  of material into the air from tracking, impact, etc.
                                      Poor housekeeping techniques can cause toxic  materials to
                                      be reintroduced into the air, causing additional  and needless
                                      exposure.   Careless  or   inappropriate   use, handling,  or
                                      storage of chemical or  physical agents presents a direct
                                      threat of skin exposure if there is close worker  contact with
                                      the  hazardous process or materials.
                                        The value of good housekeeping is shown in the following
                                      example involving fibrous glass,  a well-known skin irritant;
                                      failure to clean equipment surfaces and floors creates many
                                      possibilities for  skin contact with this  substance  and dry
                                      sweeping  increases  the problem; vacuuming, however,
                                      greatly  reduces potential irritation.

                                      6. Personal Protection
                                        Whenever it is impossible to provide adequate control of a
                                      hazard at  its source, or during the interval when controls are
3-29-79
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CURRENT REPORT
                                                                                                            1615
being implemented, it may be necessary to rely largely on
personal  protective  equipment. A  combination  of  good
engineering, plant hygiene, and personal hygiene is  often
required to achieve effective hazard control. Using personal
protective equipment alone, however, should be regarded as
a control method  of last resort.

Protective clothing

  To protect against chemical agents, there is clothing that
is reasonably impervious. Clothing to cover all parts of the
body is available: work shirts and pants, coveralls, aprons,
caps, gloves, boots,  safety glasses or goggles,  and face
shields.  A test  method  of determining  permeability of
materials  used  for protective clothing  may  be found in a
                                     NIOSH performance criteria document. Additional informa-
                                     tion on testing procedures for face shields for splash protec-
                                     tion are described in another NIOSH document. For physical
                                     agents, there is clothing to protect workers from ultraviolet
                                     light, ionizing, microwave and laser radiation, and heat and
                                     cold.  Clothing and equipment are also available  to protect
                                     against exposure to biological agents.
                                       Protective devices are readily available, and protective
                                     clothing  constitutes the bulk  of  this type of equipment.
                                     Specific  information  may be  obtained from  NIOSH
                                     publications and the manufacturers of these products. The
                                     degree  of protection afforded  varies for  different  com-
                                     binations of chemical agent and protective material. This in-
                                     formation is summarized in Tables 13, 14, and 15.
                                                   TABLE 13

              EXTENT OF SOLVENT PENETRATION THROUGH GLOVE MATERIALS AFTER 0.5 HOURS
                                                               Glove Material
Solvent
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Iodide
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1, 1, 2-Tnchloroethane
Perchloroethylene
Methanol
Ethanol
2-Propanol
n-Butanol
Benzene
Toluene
Aniline
Phenol (10% water)
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Tetrahydrofuran
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Formamide
Pyndine
Dioxane
n-Hexane
Water (H2O)
Natural
Rubber
(0.4 mm)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
D
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
B
C
A
Neoprene
(0.4 mm)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
D
D
A
A
C
D
D
A
A
C
B
A
A
Neoprene +
Nat'l Rubber
(0.5 mm)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
B
D
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
A
C
B
C
A
Nitrile
(0.4 mm)
A
D
D
D
C
D
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
D
D
D
A
C
D
A
A
A
PVC
(0.2 mm)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
B
B
B
B
D
D
D
B
D
D
D
B
D
D
D
D
A
PVA
(0.4 mm)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
C
B
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
D
D
C
A
A
D
     Key  A=<0.1%, B = 0.1-l%, C=l-10%, D = >10%, see text.
                                                   TABLE  14

           EXTENT OF SOLVENT PENETRATION THROUGH GLOVE MATERIALS AFTER 4 AND 8 HOURS

Solvent
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Iodide
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1, 1,2-Tnchloroethane
Glove Material
Natural
Rubber
(0.4 mm)






Neoprene
(0.4 mm)






Neoprene +
Nat'l Rubber
(0.5 mm)






Nitrile
(0.4 mm)
Ad





PVC
(0.2 mm)






PVA
(0.4 mm)
Aa
B
B
B
Ab
Ab
3-29-79
Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON, D C. 20037

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1616
                                     OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER A~
                                            TABLE 14-Contd.

         EXTENT OF SOLVENT PENETRATION THROUGH GLOVE MATERIALS AFTER 4 AND 8 HOURS
                                                      Glove Material
Solvent
Perchloroethylene
Methanol
Ethanol
2-Propanol
n-Butanol
Benzene
Toluene
Aniline
Phenol (10% water)
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Tetrahydrofuran
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Formamide
Pyridme
Dioxane
n-Hexane
Water (HaO)
Natural
Rubber
(0.4 mm)

B
B
B
C


C




Ab




Aa
Neoprene
(0.4 mm)

B
Ab
Aa
Aa


D
Ac



B
C


C
Aa
Neoprene +
Nat'l Rubber
(0.5 mm)
C
B
B
B



C




B
C



Aa
Nitrile
(0.4 mm)
C
C
Ab
Aa
Aa



D



B


D
Aa
Ab
PVC
(0.2 mm)

















B
PVA
(0.4 mm)
Aa



C
Ab
Aa
B

C
B
C



C
Aa

   Key  Upper case letters are used for 4 hour data. Lower case letters are used for 8 hour data.
        A,a = <0.1%, B,b = 0.1-1%, C,c=l-10%, D,d = > 10%, see text.

                                            TABLE 15

                      SUMMARY OF BREAKTHROUGH  TIMES OF SELECTED CHEMICALS
                          THROUGH  PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22° C
Carcinogen
Trichloroethylene


Epichlorodydrin


Coal-Tar Creosote


Benzene








Ethylenimine

1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine


2-Nitropropane


p-Propiolactone


Hexemethylphosphoromide


Detection
Limit
(ppm)
1


1-5


1-5


5-10








10-30

10


10


10


3


Clothing Material
Composition
Nitrile rubber
Neoprene rubber
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Viton
Polyethylene
Polyurethane-coated nylon
Natural rubber
Nitrile rubber
PVC-coated nylon
Polyvinyl alcohol
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Viton
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
PVC-coated nylon
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Polyvinyl alcohol
Nitrile rubber
Butyl rubber
Polyurethane-coated nylon
Natural rubber
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
Butyl rubber
Nitrile rubber
Thickness
(cm)
0.094
0.079
0.009
0.008
0.076
0.084
0.076
0.081
0.043
0.006
0.02
0.028
0.041
0.043
0.023
0.076
0.084
0.16
0.02
0.084
0.043
0.076
0.084
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.003
0.03
0.006
0.006
0.084
0.094
Break-
through
Time (min)
10-15
10-15
<15
<5
60-80
4740
270
>5400
>5760
<1
2
2
S
6
10
25
88
900
<5
600-96.0
5-10
25-40
1380-1620
<5
25-60
>6060
<5
15-20
10-30
15-25
60-90
60-90
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A-48
  CURRENT REPORT
                                                   1617
  Barrier agents
    Barrier agents are somewhat effective in cases in which
  gloves or other protective clothing cannot be used. Several
  types of barrier creams are available; vanishing creams,
  which have limited effectiveness against dusts,  fibrous
  glass, and  heavy oils; water  repellent, effective  against
  water-soluble  chemicals,  mild  acids,  and  alkalies,  oil
  repellent, which protect against oils and to a limited extent
  against organic solvents;  solvent repellents, which have
  some effectiveness against organic solvents: and other mis-
  cellaneous types of creams  that protect against sunlight or
  ultraviolet light, coal tar, insects, poisonous plants,  and so
  forth.
    There is some controversy  about  the  use of  barrier
  creams, but on balance they are of limited benefit in an
  overall skin protection  program. This benefit derives from
  the nominal  barrier properties provided  by a properly
  selected agent, and the  good obtained by washing during the
  work shift.  Each wash-up should remove the agent and any
  entrapped  chemicals   or other  potential   skin  irritants;
  barrier  cream should  not be  reapplied  after  the final
  wash-up. The major problem associated with barrier creams
  is the selection of an incorrect cream. For example, using an
  oil-repelling cream with aqueous agents or a water-repelling
  cream with fatty or oily agents actually enhances contact
  and may increase  absorption.  The result may be  more
  severe  than if no barrier cream had been  used. Whenever
  possible,  barrier  creams should not be used as  the sole
  means of protection.
  Personal hygiene
    Personal hygiene can also play a significant role in reduc-
  ing many dermatologic problems.  Many  industrial  skin
  cleaners  are  available,  including  soaps,  synthetic
  detergents, and waterless  cleaners.  Waterless cleaners
  generally contain different  amounts of organic  solvent or
  alkali and may therefore be drying or irritating to the skin.
  There are  now  waterless cleaners  available that do not
  contain organic solvents.
    Washing time should be adequate and should be considered
  work time. The washing  facilities should  be  conveniently
  located near  the  worksite  to be  easily accessible  to the
  workers.  In occupational settings involving  highly toxic
  agents or high exposure risk, the employer should provide
  showers,  clothing changes,  and lockers so that employees
  may leave work each day free of toxic contaminants on their
  skin, hair, or  street clothes.
    It is widely recognized that organic solvents should not be
  used for  cleaning the  skin.  Common shop practices  that
  cause unnecessary chemical insult to the skin are, for exam-
  ple, using mineral spirits to remove oily or  greasy material
  and using a container of old  lubricating oil as a dip tank for
  machine parts.
             RELATED CONTROL TECHNIQUES

  Education and  Training
   A good educational program is an essential element in any
  comprehensive hazard control program  and should involve
  joint effort by management, workers, and worker represen-
  tatives. The primary purpose of education is to ensure both
  management  and workers  understand  the hazards  and
  necessary control measures. Training should be  conducted
  by qualified and prepared instructors. The elements of a
  management educational program and  the staff  to  whom
  parts of the program should be directed are:
   1) Senior officials, who should be provided with sufficient
  information on the toxicity and hazard of company products
 or  processes to  permit them  to  develop policies  and
 procedures consistent with employees' and customers' need
 for protection.
  2) The company's health and safety staff, which needs op-
 portunities for continuing education and training and access
 to outside consultants to maintain the necessary level of
 professional  skill.
  3) Line supervisors, who need knowledge geared to the ap-
 propriate level of supervision, e.g., foremen should have suf-
 ficient training in health and safety to train the workers un-
 der their supervision.
  Education  and  training of  employees  should  be  a
 cooperative effort involving employee representatives and
 management  personnel,  especially  line supervisors.
 Worker's training should include, as a minimum:
  1) Qualitative and quantitative identification of agents in-
 volved
  2) Potential risks of exposure
  3) Types of symptoms and signs that might aeveiop
  4) Results of environmental and biological monitoring
  5} Management's plans for hazard control
  6) Instruction for emergencies
  7) Safe job procedures
  Every worker should be taught  to perform assigned tasks
 safely. Understanding safety information and being aware of
 hazards are important worker responsibilities.
  Good opportunities to provide worker education occur:
  1) At  medical examinations (provided by the medical
 professional);
  2) At the time of job training (provided  by the foreman);
 and
  3) At  special health  and  safety meetings (provided by
 foreman or company safety specialists).
  All workers new to a job (new hires or transfers into a new
 department, or those involved in a change in processes used)
 need  to  be  trained in  the  safety aspects of  their jobs.
 Refresher  training should  be  provided regularly  and
 periodically  for all affected employees and management
 personnel.
  The best training is not general but is instead based on a
 Job Safety Analysis of each individual job. The Job Safety
 Analysis ideally is conducted by a safety specialist who has
 reviewed  the job  to  identify possible hazards and has
 developed procedures to control the hazard. Results of this
 analysis should be written out and used throughout the train-
 ing program. Whenever  possible, a summary of the analysis
 should be posted at the specific job site.
  Whenever chemical   products are  used,  Hazardous
Material Manuals should be developed for  each department
 (or plant or area, as appropriate); these should be  used
as the  basis for training workers  in that department.
 The  manuals should contain a safety data sheet on  each
 potentially hazardous material used, containing information
 on the identity of the material, hazardous effects, control
 measures, and emergency procedures. The manual should
 always  be available for consultation by  any worker  and
 should be readily accessible at or near the job site.
  A material labeling program is  an important supplement
to this training program. In addition, there should be a for-
mal program to instruct workers about the effects of any
hazardous process by-products, such as dusts or fumes, if
necessary.
  Smaller companies obviously usually cannot achieve the
sophistication of  a  larger company, but small  companies
nevertheless have an obligation to meet the  safety conditions
specified  above. Experience shows that labor  unions  can
play a  key role in the development and implementation of
worker education programs on  health and safety. One way in
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                                          OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER
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which  a union is  involved is making  an agreement  with
management for company-provided training of workers;
another way for the union to be involved is to use its own in-
ternal  resources, such as meetings and publications, to train
its own members.

Medical Surveillance
  Pre-placement   medical  examinations  are  important
because they are  the _basis for preventing adverse health
effects. They should be offered  and  encouraged  for the
following reasons:
  1) To establish a  base line for each employee's health
status.
  2) To identify pre-existing illnesses or other conditions so
that individuals can be placed in occupational settings con-
sistent with their health and  other physical capabilities.
  3) To provide a data base for determining incidence and
prevalance of occupational skin diseases.
  As a base-line medical  record,  the pre-placement ex-
amination services  to protect the interests of both employer
and employee. To determine  whether or not a specific skin
problem is occupational in origin, it may be helpful to review
the employee's health file.
  The  pre-placement evaluation should include  a  com-
prehensive  medical,  family, and   occupational  history,
emphasizing  existing or pre-existing  skin  problems.  The
physical examination should  be  complete and include  a
careful examination of the skin. At the time of the examina-
tion, the employer  should provide  the  physician with  a
description of the employee's prospective job, and iden-
tification of any skin hazards that might be encountered. The
physician should order appropriate tests based on this infor-
mation and the results of the physical examination. In par-
ticular, diagnostic patch testing should not be done  as  a
pre-placement screening procedure because it will not iden-
tify those who will become sensitized, and the patch test
itself  could sensitize the  prospective worker.  Once  the
medical examination and tests are completed, the physician
should prepare  a  written  report  for  the  employer.  For
specific recommendations on  the content of this report, see
the  sections  on medical  reporting  and  recordkeepmg.
Whenever  the  physician's report  recommends  that the
prospective worker not be placed in a particular  job, the
worker should have the opportunity to  obtain a  second opi-
nion from a physician of his/her choice. This opportunity for
a second medical  opinion  also should be extended to the
employee for periodic and  other  interim examinations,
which are discussed in detail  below. After any examination
over  which  there  is  disagreement between  the   two
physicians,  the  issue  should be resolved  by  a mutually
agreed on refereeing process.
  The  importance  of  the physician's report  cannot  be
overstated. For example, a person with chronic eczematous
dermatitis should not be subjected to occupational exposures
that might severely  aggravate the  condition,  such  as
manufacturing phenol, disinfectants, dyes, Pharmaceuticals,
or plastics that involve the risk of phenol exposure. An in-
dividual with a cutaneous fungus infection would be well ad-
vised not to work  with potent skin irritants or sensitizers
temporarily until  the  infection  has been eradicated  with
proper treatment.  However, someone with  a mild skin dis-
order  could function  well   in  jobs  involving  solvents,
providing the exposure was limited  by  reasonably effective
control measures.
  At the time of the work assignment,  management should
provide an appropriate education and training program (see
the section on education  and training).  Health personnel
should  conduct  periodic  on-site  inspections of  plant
                                      operations to detect breaches in procedure or hygiene, or
                                      any skin disease. Frequency of inspections should depend on
                                      the agent (toxicity) and process (exposure) involved. For
                                      example, operations involving  agents such as  acrylate
                                      monomers (strong irritants and  sensitizers) should be in-
                                      spected more often than work activities requiring the handl-
                                      ing of only marginally irritating substances such as acetone,
                                      which might not even  require  on-site  evaluation  unless
                                      medical complaints were noted. Employees should report to
                                      health  personnel  any skin problems, regardless of  how
                                      trivial they might appear. The health personnel then should
                                      determine whether or not  the affected worker needs to be
                                      referred to a physician for evaluation and treatment. In
                                      cases where the environment cannot be satisfactorily con-
                                      trolled, the worker may have to be transferred to another job
                                      to protect his health.
                                       Workers whose jobs involve exposure to cutaneous hazards
                                      should  be provided with  periodic  examinations  and en-
                                      couraged to take them. These examinations should consist of
                                      an  interim history and physical examination and any tests,
                                      based on the results of the examination and knowledge of the
                                      risk  of  occupational exposure,  that the  physician  deems
                                      necessary to ensure that the employee's health is compatible
                                      with  the demands of the job. Appropriate medical  and, or
                                      engineering measures should be taken to correct any health
                                      problems discovered.
                                       In  general, routine periodic examinations should be per-
                                      formed annually,  but they may need to be conducted more
                                      often in high-risk settings and less often in  well-controlled or
                                      low-risk situations.  In addition to regularly scheduled ex-
                                      aminations, it is often desirable to assess  a worker's health
                                      at other times, e.g., at job transfer or after an illness or in-
                                      jury.
                                       Medical personnel should educate plant personnel about
                                      prevention and control techniques, including the proper use
                                      of  protective clothing, work procedures,  personal hygiene,
                                      the nature of specific hazards, and the symptoms of toxic ex-
                                      posure.  Such an education program  should be on-going and
                                      enlist  the   cooperation  of  nurses,  hygienists,  health
                                      physicists, other safety professionals, and  supervisors. In
                                      some situations,  properly trained  non-professional  staff
                                      members can conduct such programs successfully. The plant
                                      physician and other health professionals and administrators
                                      should encourage safe and healthy practices by their own ex-
                                      ample.  Their attitude  should also  encourage workers  to
                                      report promptly  to the  medical  department for advice and
                                      treatment of injury or illness.
                                       Finally, it is essential that the physician maintain com-
                                      plete and accurate medical records (see  below).

                                      Medical Reports and  Recordkeeping
                                       Whenever an employee is seen by a physician for an oc-
                                      cupationally  related medical examination  (pre-placement
                                      evaluation,  periodic examination,  or work-related  skin
                                      problem), the physician should  prepare a report for the
                                      employer. Each  report should  continue information and
                                      recommendations relating the affected person's health to
                                      the occupational exposure or risk, and it should be limited to
                                      a determination of the employee's ability  to work under the
                                      specific conditions of a given job.  Also,  the report should
                                      contain a statement that the worker has been informed of all
                                      medical findings and diagnoses and it  should  contain no
                                      medical  information  of  a personal  or nonoccupational
                                      nature. The employer should furnish a copy of each report to
                                      the affected employee.
                                        Maintenance of complete and accurate medical records is
                                      one of the physician's important jobs and  should be done for
                                      the duration of  each individual's  employment and for a
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            CURRENT REPORT
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period of time thereafter consistent with the types of ex-
posure the job entailed. The quality of the recordkeeping is
an indication of the quality of the medical program and sur-
veillance: the program is as good as the record. For exam-
ple,  a worker may develop skin cancer only after a latent
period of many years after occupational exposure to a car-
cinogen such as arsenic. The medical records should include
precise information about work done with agents having skin
toxicity,  including the levels of exposure  to  the  agents,
whenever practicable. As with all medical records, the legal
and  ethical  bounds of confidentiality must be maintained
strictly.
  It  should be the employer's responsibility to maintain a
complete record of the physician's reports pertaining to each
worker. As with the medical records kept by the physician,
the report records should be maintained for the duration of
employment plus  a period of time consistent with the types
of exposure the job entailed.
  The  maintenance of environmental monitoring records
also should be the responsibility of the employer, and the
recommendations  regarding  the  keeping  of  physician's
reports  should also  apply to  environmental  monitoring
records.
Environmental Monitoring
  Environmental monitoring is valuable in determining the
nature and extent  of potential problems or. conversely, the
effectiveness of control methods. Sampling the environment
involves determining what, where, whom, how many, and for
how  long. Health  and industrial hygiene personnel should
maintain a continued  surveillance  when new materials or
operations are being introduced to prevent the unregulated
use of toxic agents.
  With respect to  skin hazards, accepted monitoring prac-
tice includes obtaining wipe samples of surfaces with which
the employee  comes in contact, including surfaces at the
work site, in eating areas, and in restrooms.  Wipe sampling
is also used as a  check on general housekeeping and as a
measure  of the pervasiveness  of an agent in  the workplace.
Samples  also may be taken,  if  needed, from the worker's
breathing zone, the general workroom air, or at the source of
possible  leaks. In general,  environmental   monitoring  is
necessary where there are potential exposures to irritating,
corrosive, or  sensitizing  particulates, liquids,  mists, or
vapors, or to physical or  biological agents.

Environmental sampling and analysis
  Two collection methods are recommended for skin-active
substances: wipe  sampling and  atmospheric sampling. The
basic techniques of wipe sampling were developed in radia-
tion  monitoring. The  method consists of simply wiping a
defined area with  a piece  of filter paper or a moistened cot-
ton swab. Solid or condensed  gas/liquids could  cover work
surface or general area surfaces; the  exact  area to be
monitored should  therefore be identified and measured so
that  the findings can be expressed in suitable units  (grams
per square centimeters, etc.). The paper filters or swabs
should be properly labeled and then stored for weighing or
laboratory analysis.
  How atmospheric samples  are collected depends on the
physical  form of  the agent  being monitored.  Dust  par-
ticulates and  aerosols can be  collected on  filters or im-
pingers;  samples should  be,  as far  as  possible, personal
breathing zone samples taken at periods throughout the work
shift. Portable pumps are available to collect air samples.
Area sampling using high-volume collection helps to identify
sources of contamination and unusual concentrations,  e.g.,
spills, but cannot  be relied upon for determining individual
exposure during a shift unless a rigorous time-motion study
is also performed.  Electric air  pumps are available  to
collect air samples at rates on the order of 10! liters per
minute. The material retained in filters and impmgers
should then be  stored and analyzed.
  Vapors and gases are collected on surface-active granules
such as charcoal and silica gel. The collecting media are
packed in small glass tubes suitable for personal or area
samples. Pumps similar to those described above for paper
filters and impingers are available for use with these tubes.
  When skin-active  substances  have  been collected,  a
properly  qualified  analytical  or industrial  hygiene
laboratory should perform the sample analysis.  In the case
of wipe samples and vapors/gases, the analysis is preceded
by the desorption of the sample from the collecting medium.
Wet chemistry, gas chromatography, colorimetry, and in-
frared spectrometry are common analytical techniques used
to quantify  these substances.  The final laboratory  results
should be  reported  in  mg/cm!  for  wide  samples and
mg/m' or ppm for atmospheric samples.

Problems in Medical and Environmental Surveillance
  The recommendations on medical and environmental sur-
veillance made in this report reflect the complexity of the
doctor-patient relationship in the workplace. The Committee
recognized the  significance and delicacy of  some of these
issues, but  considered  recommendations in these  areas
beyond the scope of this report. However, it was agreed that
these  problems should  be mentioned. They are outlined
below.

Medical removal protection
  In some cases, employees may refuse to notify employers
of any symptoms or may decline  to submit to medical ex-
amination for fear of losing their jobs or being transferred to
lower paying ones on the basis of the medical findings. What
to do about this issue, commonly referred  to as rate reten-
tion, is presently under consideration by OSHA. The princi-
ple of rate retention is that any worker who is transferred
from one job to another because of medical findings would
retain the  same rate of pay, seniority, and  other benefits as
if the employee had continued in his regular job.  This provi-
sion is incorporated in the OSHA  lead standard.

Preplacement examinations
  There is some controversy about the purpose and use of
preplacement examinations. This concern is reflected in the
choice of  the term  preplacement rather than pre-employ-
ment in this report. A preplacement examination is designed
to determine the health status and any health limitations of
an employee, so that the employee can be placed in a job ap-
propriate  to his health status and capabilities. The Com-
mittee's position on preplacement examinations is describ-
ed [in the  section on medical surveillance].

Screening for  high risk
  An important issue in  both  pre-placement and periodic
medical examinations is the examination's intent. One pur-
pose is to  identify high-risk individuals so that they may be
protected  from potentially harmful exposure by not being
assigned  to the  high-risk  (for them)  job,  or by  being
transferred if they are already working in the high-risk job.
Currently, considerable effort is being expended nationally
to  develop  methods  of  detecting  individual  worker
susceptibility to job hazards.
  Some maintain that this use of medical examinations is in-
consistent with the legislative intent of OSHA, which is to
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                                          OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTERA~51
provide a workplace safe for all employees; they are con-
cerned that high-risk screening  may break  the important
link between discovery of medical findings and subsequent
improvement in the work environment. Others believe that
the available screening tests are not sufficiently reliable or
predictive to be useful. There are also those who are con-
cerned that such screening  tends inherently to select along
ethnic, racial, or sexual lines. The Committee's position on
the positive value of preplacement examinations as they
relate  to risk is  cited [in the  section  on medical sur-
veillance].

Communications
  At the present time, an area of much controversy involves
the communication of the results of medical  examinations.
Medical ethics and legal precedents dictate that workers
be told  of  the  results of their medical  examinations,
but there is  some disagreement over how  much of this
information  the  employee  should  receive  and  whether
the employee should  be told by  the examining  doctor or
his/her private physician.
  The employer must know of medical findings  that would
affect job placement or adequacy of workplace controls,  but
how much information the employer should be given is open
to question. It is argued that this issue directly affects  the
privacy and economic security of the involved employees.
Medical records often are released for review by other par-
ties as part of an epidemiological or public health survey,
and maintaining the employee's privacy and security is also
involved  in  these  situations.  The Committee's  views  on
medical reporting  are described  [in the section on medical
reports and recordkeeping].


Choice of physician
  Another issue is whether the employee has the right to
choose a physician other than the one selected by the com-
pany.  Related to  this problem is the  question of how a
difference in medical opinion between a company doctor and
the employee's physician  should be resolved.  The Com-
mittee's  position  on medical  surveillance may be found
[above].

Quality control
  In  recent  years,  there has  been increasing interest in
clarifying and maintaining high  ethical standards  in  the
medical services offered in the occupational setting, extend-
ing to providing peer review and  record review where none
exists  at  present.  The American  Occupational  Medical
Association made  an effort in this direction in 1976, when it
published  Code  of Ethical  Conduct for Physicians
Providing  Occupational   Medical  Services.  Concern
over quality control in laboratories which analyze biological
monitoring samples has also been expressed.
                                      Environmental surveillance
                                       There are a number of problems that affect monitoring
                                      programs for hazardous materials in the workplace. Many of
                                      these problems are technical and concern such things as the
                                      accuracy of analytic techniques, the availability and expense
                                      of chemical sampling and analysis, and the availability of
                                      information on the identity of substances in the workplace.
                                      Additionally, thousands of substances to which workers are
                                      exposed have not been adequately researched and adequate
                                      standards or guidelines for the safe use of these substances
                                      have not been developed. For many of these agents, no stan-
                                      dards at all are available. Furthermore, there is a shortage
                                      of trained industrial hygienists to perform the necessary en-
                                      vironmental sampling to obtain this information.

                                      APPLICATION  OF GENERAL  CONTROL  PRINCIPLES TO
                                                          PREVENTION
                                              OF OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISORDERS
                                       Successful  prevention of  skin disorders  caused  by
                                      chemical, physical or other agents encountered in industry
                                      requires a comprehensive effort on the part of management.
                                      labor,  and health specialists.  The accompanying  diagram
                                      (Fig. 1) shows the interrelation of engineering, medical, in-
                                      dustrial hygiene  and educational efforts  in managing the
                                      worker-agent-process interfaces.  The reason for these  ef-
                                      forts is attaining the worker's right to a workplace free of
                                      hazards, and employers should accept responsibility for en-
                                      suring that the entire safety program functions well.
                                       With  respect to the worker, prevention and control begin
                                      at the time of placement, with appropriate medical review
                                      to determine the presence of pre-existing skin disease or any
                                      other conditions  that might later put the worker at undue
                                      risk. Once the worker is assigned to the job, there should be
                                      proper  and continuing education with respect to safe  work
                                      practices and potentially hazardous agents in the workplace.
                                      The final step of the program should be combining the train-
                                      ing  program, a  knowledge of  toxicological  effects,  and
                                      hazard  information with personal protective equipment for
                                      the  employee.
                                       In the case of the  agent,  the first step involves develop-
                                      ment of basic toxicity information, followed by an evaluation
                                      of hazard and the provision of proper labels and other warn-
                                      ings. As noted earlier, this information is either keyed to
                                      the  worker training effort or is related to process layout;
                                      through enclosure, substitution, isolation, ventilation, etc..
                                      exposure potential should  be  reduced. Biological and en-
                                      vironmental monitoring are checks on these steps, and  there
                                      should  be continued  reassessment of the effort.
                                       The  third  major  factor is  the  process.  Initial design
                                      reviews take into account what is known about the toxicity of
                                      the agents employed and the final process layout reflects the
                                      need for labeling, signing, area restrictions, and so forth.
                                      The result of the interaction is the use of enclosures, sub-
                                      stitutes, and other control methods, and then a program of
                                      ccfcinuing biological and environmental monitoring.
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                                                                                          1621
                          ILIJ'STRATION  Ur WORKPLACE  INTERACTION'S AND  THE SEQUENCE OF

                              ACTIVITIES NECESSARY TG  PREVKN'T  OCCUPATIONAL DISEASED
                                              Steps Co  K-? Fo I lowed
     of
  Interact i m
                                                        Exposure
            Study 	^  .-'cticn	>  Prevention/Control	fr Assessment
! Vorker
Preplacenent Medical Review    Training        Personal  Protection   v.

             T                      T                                      ]
   Basic Toxicity Studies      Labeling &                                /   Biological  &
             /p-               Hazard Information -\ Engineering Controls  V  Environmental
        Design  Review               ^            /     Substitution      (    Monitoring
             ,A                Process  Layout    }       Ventilation
              !                                         Isolation,  etc.
                                               -Reassessment-
                                                FICURE  1
                  Case Examples of Controls
   Powered Epoxy Spraying Operation
     A manufacturer of household washing machines began us-
   ing an epoxy material as a finished surface on its products.
   The epoxy material came in powdered form and was sprayed
   on the parts to be assembled, which  were then baked in an
   oven to form an extremely hard surface.  The spraying was
   done automatically, inside a booth. The parts passed through
   the booth hanging from  an overhead conveyor. Overspray
   was exhausted out the bottom of the booth and into a barrel;
   some overspray remained on the inside walls of the booth.
   The only worker in the  area during the spraying was an
   operator who sat inside an enclosed  control booth and thus
   was not exposed to the epoxy powder.
     On the midnight shift, however,  when production  was
   stopped,  a clean-up crew entered  the area  to perform  a
   number of duties:
     (1) They used air hoses to blow out  the overspray that had
   accumulated on the inside walls of the spray booth.
     (2) They dumped barrels of exhausted overspray back into
   the supply system for reuse.
     (3) They swept floors and other surfaces outside the booth
   to clean some spray that had escaped the booth.
     The powder was very  fine and the slightest turbulence
   caused it to become airborne, and consequently, a great con-
   centration of epoxy dust  was in the air. The  clean-up crew
   was equipped with disposable respirators,  hair covers, boots
   and complete coveralls.  Despite the personal protection,
   several members of the clean-up crew broke out in rashes
   after the spraying had been performed for a few weeks.
     The problem was solved, after an investigation, by chang-
   ing the overspray exhaust system to return  the overspray
   directly into the supply system, thus  eliminating one major
   source of dust. Using a vacuum system rather than sweeping
   or air hoses eliminated the other sources of dust. No cases of
   dermatitis recurred.


   Machining Operations
     Exposure to cutting fluids in machining operations con-
   stitutes one of the major causes of  industrial dermatitis.
   Controls that have virtually eliminated dermatitis have been
   instituted in many machining operations. For  example, in
                                         one well-controlled plant that produces diesel engines, over
                                         2,000 workers on two shifts operating approximately 1,000
                                         machines had not a single case of recordable occupational
                                         dermatitis in 1977, in contrast to some poorly controlled
                                         operations in which roughly 30% of the work force have skin
                                         problems.
                                           Control programs put into effect included:
                                           (1) Careful identification, by generic name,  of all  in-
                                         gredients in the cutting fluids used
                                           (2) Programs to keep the coolant free of tramp oil, foreign
                                         particles and dirt through the use of effective filters  and
                                         redesigning the coolant flow system to eliminate "eddies"
                                         and  "backwaters"  of coolant
                                           (3) Daily programs to monitor coolant characteristics,
                                         such as pH, bacteria count, etc.
                                           (4) Daily  programs,  such as  hosing down,  to keep
                                         machinery clean
                                           (5) Redesigning  spray application  to minimize coolant
                                         splash and spray
                                           (6) Using splash goggles and curtains
                                           (7) Use  of  local exhaust systems and oil collectors to
                                         reduce airborne oil mist
                                           (8) Use of abundant quantities of shop rags
                                           (9) Provision of paid wash time to allow operators to keep
                                         clean
                                           Experience  shows that when the coolant is well controlled
                                         and  measures are  taken to reduce the  amount of coolant
                                         splashed on the worker,  the rate of dermatitis is reduced.

                                         Rubber Manufacturing
                                           Improvements  in  rubber manufacturing operations have
                                         reduced problems with skin disease in those plants where the
                                         improvements were made. These improvements have taken
                                         many forms:
                                           (1) Improved methods of material handling to reduce the
                                         amount of skin contact with rubber and related chemicals.
                                           (2) Substitution of known skin  sensitizers by other,  less
                                         hazardous chemicals,  such as the  replacement of
                                         isopropyl-phenyl-paraphenyl-diamine (IPPD), used as an an-
                                         ti-oxidant  in  tires, with other less  toxic derivatives of
                                         paraphenylene diamme.
                                           (3) Improved  methods of mixing  rubber chemicals to
                                         reduce exposure to a wide variety of known skin irritants and
                                         sensitizers: such improvements have included preblending
   3-29-79
    Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D C. 20037

-------
1622
                                                               OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTEH A~53
chemicals, using exhaust-ventilated mixing  booths,  and
automation of the mixing process.
  (4) In one plant, an air-conditioned isolation booth was in-
stalled for a worker who was strongly sensitized to an an-
ti-ozonent.
Chemical Manufacturing
  A major producer of industrial chemicals has instituted a
wide variety of controls that have resulted in a reduced rate
of dermatitis. Their program includes:
  (1) Extensive use of self-contained  systems to handle
chemicals  to eliminate  worker exposure  to dermatitis-
producing substances; operations were designed with a goal
of zero  emissions.
  (2) Mechanization of  material-handling  systems to
eliminate worker exposure to chemicals.
  (3) Emphasis on good plant housekeeping.
  (4) Use of wipe testing to check equipment surfaces for
films of toxic materials.
  (5) Adoption of extensive employee education programs to
inform them of the risks of chemicals.
  (6)  Implementation  of programs  of  personal  hygiene,
which, in the case of one particularly hazardous material, in-
cluded three daily showers for the exposed employee.
  (7) For handling liquid chemicals, use of seal-less pumps
and. where leaks cannot be permanently sealed, use of local
exhaust systems; grouping of all pumps in one central area
for better control;  and scaling of floors around the pumps.
  (8) Preparation of educational  materials to be supplied to
purchasers of  chemicals, including proper controls for  the
materials.
                                                                                                    Journal
                                           MEETINGS SCHEDULED
  April 11-12 — Hazardous  Chemical Safety Seminar and
 Workshop, Santa Barbara, Calif.  (Carol Morris, Office of
 Safety  Training,  J.T. Baker  Chemical Company,
 Phillipsburg, N.J.  08865; tel: (201) 454-2500).
  The seminar also will  be  held on the following dates at
 these locations:
  April 11-12 — Ottawa,  Ontario
  April 17-18 — Philadelphia. Pa;  Phoenix, Ariz.
  April 19-20 — Halifax, Nova Scotia; Salt Lake City, Utah
  April 23-24 — Minneapolis, Minn.
  April 26-27 — Chicago, 111.
  April 30 — May 1  — Buffalo, N.Y.
  April 11-12 — Regional Safety and Fire Conference and
 Exhibit, Philadelphia, Pa.  (James  J. McCarey, Greater
 Philadelphia Chamber  of  Commerce, Suburban  Station
 Bldg., Suite 1960, 1617 J.F. Kennedy Blvd.,  Philadelphia,
 Pa. 19103;  tel: (215) 568-4040).
  April 11-12 — 45th Annual West Virginia Governor's Safe-
 ty  and Health  Conference and  Exposition, Charleston, W.
 Va. (W. Va. Safety Council, 1550 Fourth Ave., Charleston,
 W. Va. 25312).

  April 12 — How to Develop a Safety Training Program,
 Allentown, Pa. (Lynn Whittier, Starson Corporation, P.O.
 Box 133, Stanton, N.J. 08885; tel:  (201) 236-6015).
  The course also will be offered throughout the month at the
 following locations:
  April 17 — Anaheim. Calif.
  April 24 — Oakland, Calif.

  April 17-18 — Equal Employment and Collective Bargain-
 ing, sponsored by the Federal Bar  Association and BNA
 Education Systems, New Orleans. La. (Equal Employment
 Conference Secretary, Suite S-150,  BNA Education Systems,
 1231 25th St.,  N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037; tel:  (800)
 424-8039).

  April 23-27 — Basic Industrial  Hygiene Course, Ann Arbor,
 Mich. (J.R. Conti. American Industrial Hygiene Association,
 475 Wolf Ledges Parkway, Akron,  Ohio, 44311; tel.: (216)
 762-7294).

  April 23-25 — 6th Colorado Safety  Congress and Exposi-
 tion, Denver,  Colo.  (Colorado  Safety Association, 1726
 Champa St., Denver Colo.; tel:  (303) 629-6255).
  April  23-May  4  — Industrial  Hygiene  for Safety
Professionals, Beckley, W. Va. (National Mine Health and
Safety Academy,  Box 1166, Beckley, W. Va. 25801).
  The seminar also will be held in the same location on
May 7-18.
  April  24-25 — 49th Annual  Michigan Safety Conference,
Lansing.   Mich.   (Andy   Anderson,   Michigan  Safety
Conference, Box  21211, Lansing, Mich. 48909; tel.:  (517)
349-1003).
  April 25 — Fundamentals of Workers Compensation, Bur-
bank, Calif. (The Training Institute,  616 S. Westmoreland
Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90005; tel:  (213) 385-6461).
  April  26 —  Forklift  Operators Training, Carson.  Calif.
(National Safety  Council, The Training Institute, 616  S.
Westmoreland, Ave., Los Angeles,  Calif. 90005; tel.:  (213)
385-6461).
  April 26-27 — A Training Course  for Occupational Health
Nurses, Pittsburgh, Pa. (George Reilly, Industrial Health
Foundation, 5231  Centre Ave., Pittsburgh,  Pa.  15232; tel.:
(412) 687-2100).
  April 30-May 3 — 49th Ohio Safety Congress and Exhibit,
Columbus, Ohio (Industrial Commission of Ohio, Division  of
Safety  and Hygiene.  246 North High  St.,  Columbus, Ohio
43215;  tel.: (800) 282-3045).
  April 30-May 3  — International Tool and Manufacturing
Engineering Conference and  Exposition,  Detroit,  Mich.
(Tom  Akas,   Public Relations  Department,  Society   of
Manufacturing Engineers,  20501 Ford Rd., P.O. Box 930,
Dearborn. Mich. 48128; tel.: (313)  271-1500).
  April 30-May 3 — Mobile  Cranes and Rigging Safety Train-
ing Program, Orlando,  Fla. (United States  Crane Certifica-
tion Bureau. Inc.,  Thomas  Poulos, Jr., 8000 S. Orange  Ave.,
P.O. Box 13568, Orlando, Fla.  32859; tel: (800) 327-0300).
  April  30-May 4—1979 American Occupational Health
Conference, Anaheim,  Calif.  (Priscilla Campbell, AOMA,
Box P,  150 North Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111. 60606; tel:  (312)
782-2166).
  May  1-2 —  Key Person Leadership Development. Bur-
bank, Calif. (The Training Institute, Greater Los Angeles
Chapter, National Safety  Council, 616 S. Westmoreland
Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90005; tel.:  (213) 385-6461).
3-29-79
                                      Occupational Safety & Health Reporter
                                                  0095-3237/79/SOO 50

-------

ves to selected solvents*
«
The permeability of laboratory gl<


E8 SANSONE and YB TEWARI
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compositions and thicknesses were used as t
barrier between several common solvents ai
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permeated solvent was measured periodical!
e tetraethyllead and ethylene bromide,'4' allergens
d and irritants/ ' and various organic com-
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Nearly all gloves tested were permeable to t
solvents. The results indicate that gloves shou
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contamination; gloves should not be reused.
on which their evaluations are based.

introduction
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supplement to, and sometimes as a substitu
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last barrier between the worker and potential
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                                                                A-69
   DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR
       PROTECTIVE CLOTHING USED AGAINST
              CARCINOGENIC LIQUIDS
                         by

                  Gerard C. Coletta
                  Arthur D. Schwope
                    Irving J. Arons
                    Jerry W. King
                    Andrew Sivak
               ARTHUR D. LITTLE. INC.
        CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02140
               Contract No. 210-76-0130
U.  S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
                  Public Health Service
               Center for Disease Control
     National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
      Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
                Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
                  OCTOBER  1978

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            A-70
                                                DISCLAIMER
                    The contents of this report are reproduced herein as received from the contractor.
                    The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed herein are not  necessarily those
                    of the National Institute  for Occupational Safety and Health, nor does mention
 •                 of company names or  products constitute endorsement by the National Institute
 •                 for Occupational Safety and Health.
                      NIOSH Project Officer:  William F. Todd
                      Principal Investigator: Arthur D. Little, Inc.
I

                                  DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 79-106


I
                                                         11

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                                                                                             A-71
                                     FOREWORD

     The National  Institute for Occupational Safety and  Health (NIOSH) is responsible for
helping ensure that every person in the Nation has safe and healthful working conditions. To
accomplish this end, the Institute engages in research on occupational safety and health prob-
lems, including the evaluation of hazards and  the  development of testing and performance
requirements for personal protective equipment.

     One of the many work-place hazards considered to be significant by the Institute is dermal
contact with  carcinogenic liquids. At the present time,  there are no comprehensive criteria or
other guidelines available  to  assist  in  the  manufacture, selection, and testing  of protective
clothing materials and garments used to protect against this hazard. Therefore, Arthur D. Little,
Inc., is pleased to publish this initial research effort for development of such criteria.

     It should be noted that the research described here was contracted under a specific scope of
work. Further evaluation and validation  of the developed  criteria are necessary.
                                            m

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A-72



                                            PREFACE


          This report addresses three principal topics:


          1. An identification of occupational exposures to carcinogenic liquids (Section II).

          2. The development of performance criteria for materials used in protective clothing

             for use against carcinogenic liquids (Section III); and

          3. The development of a  permeation test method for evaluating  clothing materials

             (Section  IV).


          . Of particular interest are the results of the permeation experiments. In these experiments,

      clothing materials were evaluated as barriers to several industrially important chemicals sus-

      pected of being carcinogenic (e.g., benzene and trichloroethylene). The  results suggest  that

     •several commercially-available  materials  may  not  offer  adequate  protection  in  certain

      applications.


          Further,  it should be noted that Appendix A is a collection of "overview documents" for

      each chemical used in the experimental program. Each document is a summary of the primary

      sources, uses,  properties, hazards,  and recommended  handling  procedures of the  subject

      chemical.


          Arthur D. Little, Inc., has carried out this research assignment for the National Institute for

      Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under the direction of Project Officer William F. Todd

      of the Protective Equipment Section, Control Technology Research Branch, Division  of Physical

      Sciences and  Engineering.  NIOSH, a research institute  of  the U.S.  Department  of Health,

      Education, and Welfare,  was created by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. As

      mandated by this Act, NIOSH  performs and sponsors research, and  develops criteria for recom-

      mended standards applicable to the problems of occupational safety  and health.


          The data collected in this and subsequent investigations are  intended to support safety

      standards needed to ensure the proper protection of workers who handle potentially harmful

      chemicals.
                                                 IV

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                                                                                           A-73
                                     ABSTRACT

     Workers who produce, use, and transport liquid chemicals can be exposed to many com-
pounds capable of causing harm to the human body. The deleterious effects of contacting these
liquids can range from acute trauma, such as skin irritation and burn, to chronic degenerative
disease, such as cancer. Contacts can extend from one-time splashes to continuous 15-60 minute
wettings due to accidental spills or emergency situations. Accordingly, there is a strong need for
clothing that will protect workers for at least 60 minutes of continuous contact. However,
com -/rehensive performance criteria for protective clothing is lacking.

     In this study, a set of recommended  performance criteria was compiled. Further, to fill a
void in the coverage of available test methods, a simple experimental procedure was developed to
measure the resistance to permeation of protective clothing materials by liquid chemicals. Using
this procedure, the barrier properties of several polymeric materials were evaluated against nine
rarcinogenic liquids (e.g., benzene, trichloroethylene and /tf-propiolactone). Breakthrough times,
steady state fluxes, and chemical solubilities were measured. In many cases, the breakthrough
times for widely used materials were less than the recommended 60 minutes.

     Such results suggest that many workers may not be protected by currently recommended
clothing. However, substantially improved protection could  be provided if comprehensive  per-
formance  profiles were generated and made available for the design and  specification of  pro-
tective  clothing.  Clothing materials should be  subjected  to a  comprehensive performance
evaluation.  Evaluations, including permeation testing against the specific chemical to be han-
dled, should be performed over the range of anticipated exposure conditions.

     This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 210-76-0130 by Arthur D. Little,
Inc., under the sponsorship of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

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                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            Page
Foreword                                                           Hi
Preface                                                             iv
Abstract                                                            u
List of Tables                                                        ix
List of Figures                                                       x
Acknowledgments                                                    xii

  I.   INTRODUCTION                                                1

 II.   OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO CARCINOGENIC LIQUIDS             3
      A.   SELECTED CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS                       3
      B.   OVERVIEW DOCUMENTS                                     3
      C.   OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES                                 4

          1.   Production and Use                                       4
          2.   Transportation                                          6
          3.   Summary                                               6

III.   PROTECTIVE CLOTHING USED AGAINST CARCINOGENIC LIQUIDS      7
      A.   PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS                              7
      B.   PERFORMANCE CRITERIA                                    7
      C.   STANDARDIZED TEST METHODS                              8

          1.   Strength                                                9
          2.   Chemical Resistance                                      11
          3.   Thermal Resistance                                      11
          4.   Dexterity/Flexibility                                     12
          5.   Cleanability                                            12
          6.   Aging Resistance                                        13

IV.   RESISTANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MATERIALS TO
      PERMEATION BY CARCINOGENIC LIQUIDS                         14
      A.   PERMEATION MECHANISM                                  14
      B.   PERMEATION TEST METHOD                                 14

          1.   Test Apparatus                                         16
          2.   Test Procedure                                         16
          3.   Test Data and Sensitivity                                  16
                                             vii

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                                                                         A-75
                     TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

                                                                  Page

IV.    RESISTANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MATERIALS TO
      PERMEATION BY CARCINOGENIC LIQUIDS (Continued)

      C.   PERFORMANCE OF CURRENTLY-USED PROTECTIVE
          CLOTHING MATERIALS AGAINST LIQUID CARCINOGENS         18

          1.  Materials                                               19
          2.  Analytical Detection of Carcinogens                          19
          3.  Primary Test Results                                      20
          4.  Supplementary Test Results                                41

      D.   MATHEMATICAL MODEL                                    45

          1.  Permeation by Simple Diffusion                             45
          2.  Permeation Through Filled Elastomers                        50

      E.   DISCUSSION                                               61

V.    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS                          63

      A.   PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                                 63

          1.  Conclusion                                             63
          2.  Discussion                                              63
          3.  Recommendation                                        63

      B.   FUTURE  AVAILABILITY OF TRADE RECOMMENDATIONS
          FOR CLOTHING TO BE USED AGAINST CARCINOGENS           64

          1.  Conclusion                                             64
          2.  Discussion                                              64
          3.  Recommendation                                        64

      C.   MINIMUM PERFORMANCE AGAINST CARCINOGENS              65

          1.  Conclusion                                             65
          2.  Recommendation                                        65

      D.   PERMEATION TEST                                         65

          1.  Conclusion                                             65
          2.  Recommendation                                        66
                                  viii

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A-76
                        TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)


                                                                    Page


    V.   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (Continued)


         E.  RAPID SCREENING OF CANDIDATE MATERIALS                66


             1.   Conclusion                                            66

             2.   Discussion                                             66

             3.   Recommendation                                       66


         F.  TEST CONDITIONS                                         66


             1.   Conclusion                                            66

             2.   Discussion                                             66

             3.   Recommendation                                       67


         G.  TEST SPECIMENS                                          67


             1.   Discussion                                             67

             2.   Recommendation                                       67


         H.  LEATHER                                                67


             1.   Discussion                                             67

             2.   Recommendation                                       67


         I.   PESTICIDES AND OTHER HARMFUL CHEMICALS                68


             1.   Conclusion                                            68
             2.   Discussion                                             68

             3.   Recommendation                                       68


         J.   NIOSH CRITERIA DOCUMENTS                               68


             1.   Conclusion                                            68

             2.   Recommendation                                       68


    VI.   APPENDICES                                                A-1


    APPENDIX A -  OVERVIEW DOCUMENTS                              A-2

    APPENDIX B -  TEST METHODS                                     B-1

    APPENDIX C -  A CORRECTION FOR DECOMPOSING COMPOUNDS         C-1
    APPENDIX D -  REFERENCES (TO TEXT)                              D-1


                                     ix

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                                                                                        A-77
                                  LIST OF TABLES

Table No.                                                                      Page

     1          Carcinogenic Compounds Selected for Study                         4
     2          Protective Clothing Performance Requirements                      8
     3          Recommended Test Methods
                Summary Tabulation                                             10
     4          Protective Clothing Materials                                      19
     5          Trichloroethylene Solubility in Selected Clothing Materials
                at 22° C                                                         23
     6          Trichloroethylene Permeation Through Selected Clothing
                Materials                                                        23
     7          Epichlorohydrin Solubility in Selected Clothing Materials
                at 22°C                                                         25
     8          Epichlorohydrin Permeation Through Selected Clothing
                Materials                                                        25
     9          Creosote Permeation Through Selected Clothing Materials            27
    10          Benzene Solubility in and Permeation Through Selected
                Clothing Materials                                                29
    11          Ethylenimine Solubility in Selected Clothing Materials at
                22°C                                                           32
    12          Ethylenimine Permeation Through Selected Clothing Materials        32
    13          1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Solubility in Selected Clothing
                Materials at 22°C                                                34
    14          1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Permeation Through Selected Ciothing
                Materials                                                        34
    15          2-Nitropropane Solubility in Selected Clothing Materials at 22°C      36
    16          2-Nitropropane Permeation Through Selected Clothing Materials      36
    17          0-Propiolactone Solubility in Selected Clothing Materials at 22°C      38
    18          0-Propiolactone Permeation Through Selected Clothing Materials      38
    19          Hexamethylphosphoramide Solubility in Selected Clothing
                Materials at 22°C                                                40
    20          Hexamethylphosphoramide Permeation Through Selected
                Clothing Materials                                                40
    21          Benzene Permeation Through Neoprene at Three Temperatures       41
    22          Permeation Through Strained and Strain-Cycled Clothing
                Materials                                                        43
    23          Permeation of Benzene Through Pre-Exposed Clothing
                Materials                                                        44
    24          Summary of Breakthrough Times of Selected Chemicals
                Through Protective Clothing Materials at 22°C                      62

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A-78
                                   LIST OF FIGURES


   Figure No.                                                                   Page


        1          Typical Permeation Rate Through an Elastomeric Material           15

        2          Sketch of Permeation Cell                                       17

        3          Typical Permeation Through an Elastomeric Membrane             48

        4          Permeation Data for Benzene-Natural Rubber Latex (0.028 cm)      51

        5          Permeation Data for Benzene-Polyethylene (0.006 cm)              52
        6          Permeation Data for Benzene-Viton (0.16 cm)                     53

        7          Example of Poor Fit of Simple Diffusion Model to Experimental

                   Data for Nitrile Rubber Latex Glove Material                      54

        8          Graphic Representation of the Concentration Gradient During

                   the Short-Time Transient Phase of Carcinogen Permeation

                   Through an Elastomeric Membrane Containing an Active Filler       58
                                           XI

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                                                                                    A-79
                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    Special appreciation is extended to the following organizations for their assistance during
this program.

    Ansell Corporation
    E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
    Edmont-Wilson, A Division of Becton Dickinson and Company
    Jomac Products, Inc.
    Pioneer Rubber Company
    Rainfair, Inc.
    Sawyer Tower Products, A Division of the Norton Company
    Allied Chemical Corporation
    Dow Chemical Company
                                        xu

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A-80
                                       I.  INTRODUCTION

          Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of industrial chemicals can be
     exposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm to the human body. These chemicals
     can be in the form of vapors, mists, dusts, liquids, and solids. Exposures can occur during routine
     work-place  activities as well  as  during emergency situations, even  with chemical processing
     systems incorporating state-of-the-art designs and  controls. One of the most serious hazards of
     exposure to chemicals is skin contact by liquids. The deleterious effects  of certain liquids can
     range from acute trauma, such as skin irritation and burn, to chronic degenerative disease, such
     as cancer. This strongly suggests that emphasis should be placed on eliminating skin contacts
     through measures such as the use of protective clothing.

          However, although considerable effort has been expended in the development of many other
     areas of personal protection, relatively little effort has gone into developing criteria for the proper
     specification and use of protective clothing. In fact, there is almost no comprehensive information
     available which describes the  properties that clothing materials should have in order to provide
     protection against harmful liquids. Clothing materials appear to be selected most often on the
     basis of their resistance to visible degradation by common solvents, acids or alkalies. In many
     cases the test chemical may not be the chemical of concern (i.e., an analog is used) and, therefore,
     may not interact with clothing materials in  the  same way. Further,  even if clothing materials
     resist visible degradation or swelling, a question remains as to the completeness of protection
     actually provided since permeation of small amounts of liquid can occur without gross inter-
     actions with the barrier.  This question is especially important when considering resistance to
     permeation by carcinogenic chemicals which have no established threshold levels for carcinoge-
     nicity on skin contact.

          While  guidelines for safe exposures* have been developed for other toxic chemicals, few such
     guidelines have been promulgated for carcinogenic chemicals. Accordingly, the Occupational
     Safety and  Health Administration (OSHA) recommends that protective  clothing materials be
     impermeable to carcinogenic liquids.1 However, OSHA does not offer  recommendations  for
     assessing the barrier properties of such clothing materials.

          Because of the absence of this important information, the National Institute  for Occupa-
     tional Safety and Health (NIOSH) has sponsored this program to investigate the performance of
     protective clothing materials against selected carcinogenic chemicals.  Emphasis has been placed
     on  studying permeation of chemicals handled in the liquid state. The results of this work,  as
     presented in this report include:

          (1) A description of the form and extent of worker needs for protective clothing;
       Defined as time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations for an 8-hour work day.

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                                                                                           A-81
     (2) A recommended criterion for clothing resistance to permeation and an overview of
        several other functional requirements;

     (3) Recommended test methods for evaluating the performance of clothing materials;
        and,

     (4) Data showing the resistance of currently-used clothing materials to permeation by
        selected carcinogens.

     The  next section  begins this presentation  with a review of occupational exposures to
carcinogenic liquids.

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A-82
                                         TABLE 5


      TRICHLOROETHYLENE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C


                                                       Solubility



                Clothing Material


            Nitrile rubber1

            Neoprene rubber1

            PVC-coated nylon2

            Polyvinyl alcohol3

            Polyethylene4

            Polyurethane-coated nylon2

            Viton1

            Butyl rubber1
                                         TABLE 6


      TRICHLOROETHYLENE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS

gm/gm of Material
2.17
1.18
0.14
0.03
0.06
1.15
0.02
1.48
Cs, gm/cm3 of
Swollen Material
0.87
0.73
0.15
0.04
0.41
0.95
0.04
0.87
           Material


       Nitrile Rubber1
       Neoprene Rubber1

       Polyvinyl alcohol3
Thickness, S.
   (cm)


   0.094
   0.079

   0.009
 Breakthrough
Time (minutes)5


     10-15
     10-15
   Steady State
Flux, J(gm/cm2/min)


     6.0 x 10'5
     5.3 x 10"s
     0.8 x 10'5
       1. MIL. Spec, sheet.
       2. Outerwear material.
       3. Cast film.
       4. Glove material.
       5. At a minimum detection limit of 1 ppm.
                                           23

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                                                                                        A-83
                                  TABLE 7
 EPICHLOROHYDRIN SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C
                                                 Solubility
         Clothing Material

     Nitrile rubber1
     Neoprene rubber1
     PVC-coated nylon2
     Polyvinyl alcohol3
     Polyethylene4
     Polyurethane-coated nylon2
     Viton1
     Butyl rubber1

gm/gm of Material
0.28
0.44
1.03
Negligible
0.12
2.70
0.42
0.05
C , gm/cm3 of
Swollen Material
0.23
0.37
0.60
Negligible
0.10
0.86
0.46
0.05
                                  TABLE 8
 EPICHLOROHYDRIN PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
    Material
Neoprene Rubber1
Polyvinyl alcohol3
Butyl Rubber2
Thickness, S.
(cm)
0.076
0.008
0.084
Breakthrough
Time5
60-80 min.
< 5 min.
79 hrs.
Steady State
Flux, J(gm/cm2/min)
11. Ox Ws
13.0x 10"s
0.02 x 10~5
1.  MIL. Spec, sheet.
2.  Outerwear material.
3.  Cast film.
4.  Glove material.
5.  At a minimum detection limit of 1-5ppm.
                                     25

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                                                           TABLE 9
                               CREOSOTE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
_                                                                                Breakthrough
•                                 Material                Thickness, 2 (cm)          Time (minutes)2
                               Neoprene rubber1                 0.076                    270
                               Viton1                          0.043               >5760 (96 hours)
                               Butyl rubber1                     0.081               >5400 (90 hours)
                               1. MIL. Spec, sheet.
                               2. At a minimum detection limit of 1-5 ppm.
                                                             27

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A-86
                                          TABLE 11


           ETHYLEIMIMINE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C


                                                         Solubility

                                                                 C$, gm/cm3 of

                  Clothing Material           gm/gm of Material       Swollen Material


              Natural rubber1                     0.15                  0.12

              Neoprene rubber1                  gummy                  —

              Viton                          decomposed                —

              Butyl rubber2                      0.14                  0.12
                                         TABLE 12


            ETHYLEIMIMINE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
             Material


         Neoprene1

         Butyl rubber2
Thickness, 2
(cm)
0.020
0.084
Breakthrough
Time3
< 5 min.
10- 16hrs.
Steady Stat
Flux, J(gm/cm2
_4
0.45 x 10'5
         1. Glove material.

         2. Military Specification sheet.

         3. At a minimum detection limit of 10-30 ppm.

         4. Steady state was never achieved because degradation of the material was too quick.
                                            32

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                                     TABLETS

 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C
                                                                                         A-8 7
                                                    Solubility
            Clothing Material

        Nitrile rubber1
        Neoprene rubber1
        PVC-coated nylon2
        Polyvinyl alcohol3
        Polyethylene4
        Polyurethane-coated nylon2

        Viton1
        Butyl rubber1
gm/gm of Material

     0.38
     0.30
     0.35
   Dissolved
Slight weight loss
Polyurethane
decomposed
   Decomposed
     0.1
 Cs, gm/cm of
Swollen Material
     0.32
     0.33
     0.36
     0.1
                                    TABLE 14

1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
       Material
   Neoprene1
   PVC-coated nylon2
   Butyl rubber1
Thickness, £
(cm)
0.076
0.043
0.084
Breakthrough
Time5
25-40 min.
5-10 min.
23-27 hrs.
Steady Sta
Flux, J (gm/cm
45.0 x 10'5
19.0x10's
0.29 x 10~5
   1. Mil. Spec, sheet.
   2. Outerwear material.
   3. Cast film.
   4. Glove material.
   5. At a minimum detection limit of 10 ppm.
                                       34

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A-88
                                            TABLE 15


             2-NITROPROPANE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIAL AT 22°C





                                             	Solubility



                   Clothing Material


               Nitrile rubber1

               Neoprene rubber1

               PVC-coated nylon2

               Polyvinyl alcohol3

               Polyethylene4

               Polyurethane-coated nylon2

               Viton1

               Butyl rubber1

gm/gm of Material
0.72
0.23
0.42
Negligible
0.07
0.99
1.07
0.02
GS, gm/cm3 of
Swollen Material
0.41
0.22
0.34
Negligible
0.06
0.54
0.66
0.02
                                            TABLE 16


            2-NITROPROPANE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
              Material


          Nitrile Rubber1

          Polyvinyl alcohol3

          Butyl Rubber1
          1.  MIL. Spec, sheet.

          2.  Outerwear material.

          3.  Cast film.

          4.  Glove material

          5.  At a minimum detection limit of 10 ppm.
Thickness, S.
(cm)
0.09
0.02
0.08
Breakthrough
Time
25-50 min.
< 5 min.
>101
Steady Stat
Flux, J(gm/cm2
20.0x10's
4.4 x 10"s
                                              36

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                                 TABLE 17

0-PROPIOLACTONE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C
                                                                                    A-89
                                                 Solubility
         Clothing Material

     Natural rubber1
     Nitrile rubber2
     Neoprene rubber2
     Butyl rubber2
     PVC-coated nylon3
     Polyvinyl alcohol4
     Polyethylene1
     Polyurethane-coated nylon3
     Viton2

gm/gm of Material
0.09
0.29
0.31
0.01
0.15
reacted
0.18
1.85
0.69
GS, gm/cm3 of
Swollen Material
0.01
0.23
0.29
0.01
0.16
-
0.15
0.75
0.60
                                  TABLE 18

 J3-PROPIOLACTONE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
    Material

Natural rubber1
Polyethylene1
Polyurethane-coated
  nylon3'5
Thickness, £
   (cm)

   0.030
   0.006

   0.003
 Breakthrough
Time6 (minutes)

     15-20
     10-30

     <5
    Steady State
Flux, J(gm/cm2 /min)

   0.43 x 10's
   0.12 x 10's

   83.0x10"s
1. Glove material.
2. MIL. Spec, sheet.
3. Outerwear material
4. Cast film.
5. Thickness measurement represents polyurethane only.
6. At a minimum detection limit of 2 ppm.
                                     38

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A-90
                                              TABLE 19


         HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE SOLUBILITY IN SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C





                                               	Solubility



                      Clothing Material


                  Nitrile rubber1

                  Neoprene rubber1

                  PVC-coated nylon2

                  Polyvinyl alcohol4

                  Polyethylene3

                  Polyurethane-coated nylon2

                  Viton1

                  Butyl rubber1

gm/gm of Material
0.78
2.72
Dissolved
Dissolved
0.22
2.42
2.50
0.08
GS, gm/cm3 of
Swollen Material
0.44
0.79
-
-
0.17
0.76
0.84
0.07
                                              TABLE 20


         HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE PERMEATION THROUGH SELECTED CLOTHING MATERIALS
Material
Nitrile rubber1
Butyl rubber1
Polyethylene3
Thickness, £
(cm)
0.094
0.084
0.006
Breakthrough
Time5
1.0-1. 5 hrs.
1.0-1. 5 hrs.
15-25 min.
Steady Sta
Flux, J(gm/cm;
1.3 x 10"s
0.002 x 10"s
0.4 x 10's
             1. Mil. Spec, sheet
             2. Outerwear material
             3. Glove material
             4. Cast film

             5. At a minimum detection limit of 3 ppm
                                                40

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                                                                                              A-91
4. Supplementary Test Results

     The permeation data presented above relate to new, unused protective clothing materials
tested at 22°C (ambient temperature) and in a non-strained condition. In actual use, clothing
materials can be exposed  to carcinogenic liquids at temperatures other than 22°C, and these
materials are usually subject to flexing and stretching (e.g., at finger, elbow and knee joints). In
addition, protective clothing is often reworn after contact with a carcinogen. Therefore, several
tests were carried out to ascertain whether resistance to permeation is influenced by one or more
of these factors.

     a. Non-ambient Temperatures

     Neoprene was tested  against benzene at 7°C and 37°C in order to investigate the influence
of temperature on breakthrough and permeation rate. The tests followed the usual protocol
except that the  test cell was immersed in a water bath at the appropriate temperatures. The
results of these tests,  in addition to the earlier results at 22°C, are reported in Table 21. The
solubility of benzene in neoprene at each temperature is also included.

                                        TABLE 21

         BENZENE PERMEATION THROUGH NEOPRENE1 AT THREE TEMPERATURES
          Test
      Temperature
           7
          22
          37
   Solubility, C$
   (gm/cm3 of
Swollen Neoprene)

      0.49
      0.49
      0.49
Breakthrough
Time2 (min)

     40
     24
     16
Steady State
  Flux, J
(gm/cm2 /min)

  19 x 10~5
  23 x 10"s
  33x10'5
      1. MIL. Spec, sheet, at a thickness of 0.08 cm.
      2. At a minimum detection limit of 5-10 ppm.
     There was a significant decrease in breakthrough time and an increase in steady state flux
as the temperature is increased. This  result is not unexpected,  and confirms that clothing
permeation  should  be evaluated over the range of temperatures expected under  actual use
conditions. The  constant solubility over this temperature range is not unusual as many other
elastomers are known to exhibit similar behavior above their glass transition temperatures.

     b. Strained and Strain-cycled Materials

     Protective clothing materials can be exposed to carcinogenic liquid while strained or after
undergoing  strain-cycling.  Strained materials represent the condition  of  stretched materials
covering the knee, elbow, and finger joints during flexure. Strain-cycled materials simulate the
                                          41

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                                TABLE 23

 PERMEATION OF BENZENE THROUGH PRE-EXPOSED1 CLOTHING MATERIALS

Clothing
Material
Neoprene2
Butyl Rubber2

Pre-exposed
(?)
Yes
No
Yes
No

Thickness, 8
(cm)
0.076
0.076
0.084
0.084

Breakthrough
Time3 (min)
26
24
51
54
Steady State
Flux, J
(gm/cm2/min)
31 x 10'5
23x10'5
20 x 10"5
20 x 10'5
1. Material specimens saturated with benzene and then air-dried for 18 hours.
2. MIL. Spec, sheet.
3. At a minimum detection limit of 5-10 ppm.
                                  44
                                                                                  •-93

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Benzene Concentration
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                          FIGURE 4


PERMEATION DATA FOR BENZENE-NATURAL RUBBER LATEX (0.028 cm)



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                        51

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                                                                                  A-95
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                                       52

-------
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i ! , ' ' '
t \ , \ 	
1 •

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
                     2            4            6             8            10



                                      Exposure Time (min)
                                         54

-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
A-98
                                          TABLE 24


               SUMMARY OF BREAKTHROUGH TIMES OF SELECTED CHEMICALS

                   THROUGH PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MATERIALS AT 22°C
          Carcinogen


  Trichloroethylene




  Epichlorodydrin.




  Coal-Tar Creosote




  Benzene
  Ethylenimine


  1,1 -Dimethylhydrazine




  2-Nitropropane




  |3-Propiolactone





  Hexemethylphosphoromide
                                                    Clothing Material
!iecilun
Limit
(ppm)
1


1-5


1-5



Composition
Nitrile rubber
Neoprene rubber
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Neoprene rubber
Butyl rubber
Viton
Thickness
(cm)
0.094
0.079
0.009
0.008
0.076
0.084
0.076
0.081
0.043
Breakthrough
Time (min)
10-15
10-15
<15
<5
60-80
4740
270
>5400
>5760
 5-10      Polyethylene
           Polyurethane-coated
             nylon
           Natural rubber
           Nitrile rubber
           PVC-coated nylon
           Polyvinyl alcohol
           Neoprene rubber
           Butyl rubber
           Viton

10-30      Neoprene rubber
           Butyl rubber

 10        PVC-coated nylon
           Neoprene rubber
           Butyl rubber

 10        Polyvinyl alcohol
           Nitrile rubber
           Butyl rubber

 10        Polyurethane-coated
             nylon
           Natural rubber
           Polyethylene

  3        Polyethylene
           Butyl rubber
           Nitrile rubber
                                             62
0.006
0.02
0.028
0.041
0.043
0.023
0.076
0.084
0.16
0.02
0.084
0.043
0.076
0.084
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.003
0.03
0.006
0.006
0.084
0.094
2
2
5
6
10
25
88
900
<5
600-960
5-10
25-40
1380-1620
<5
25-60
>6060
<5
15-20
10-30
15-25
60-90
60-90

-------
                                                                                                         A-99
Chemical
1 Inorganic salts
Iodine
Isooctane
Isopropanol
Isopropyl alcohol

K Kerosene
Ketones
L Lacquer thmners
Lactic acid
Laurie acid
Lineoieic acid
Linseed oil
M Maleic acid
Mercuric chloride
Mercury
Methane gas
Methanol
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
Methylarrune
Methyl bromide
Methyl cellosolve
•Methyl chloride
•Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl formate
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
•Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Mineral oils
•Monochlorobenzene
Monoethanoiamme
Morpholme
Muriatic acid

N Naphthalene
Naphthas, aliphatic
Naphthas, aromatic
•Nitric acid
•Nitric acid, red and
white fuming
•Nitrobenzene
•Nitroethane
Nitrogen gas
•Nitromethane
•Nitropropane
Nitrous oxide
0 Octyl alcohol
Oleic acid
Oxalic acid
Oxygen, liquid
Ozone
P Paint thmners
Paint and varnish removers
Palmitic acid
•Paradichlorobenjene
Parathion
Pentaborane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentane
perchloric acid
Perch loroethylene
Perklene
Permachlor
petroleum distillates
(naphtha)
Petroleum spirits
Phenylenediamme
phenylhydrazine
Phil-solv
Neo-
prene
E
G
F
E
E

E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
F
G
NR
G
G
G
G
F
G
E
F
E
E
E

G
E
G
G

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
F
G
G
G
E
p
P
F
F
E
E
F
E
E
G
E
E
G
G
E
Natural
latex or
rubber
E
F
P
E
E

F
£
F
E
F
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
F
E
F
F
NR
G
F
G
F
F
G
F
P
G
E
G

F
F
P
F

P
P
P
E
P
P
G
E
F
E
P
p
F
F
E
F
F
P
G
G
F
NR
NR
F
P
F
F
P
F
Milled
nitnle
E
G
E
E
E

E
P
P
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
P
E
G
F
Q
NR
NR
F
F
F
P
F
E
P
E
G
G

G
E
G
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
NR
P
G
F
E
E
F
F
G
E
G
G
G
E
E
E
F
G
E
Butyl
E
G
P
E
E

F
E
F
E
E
F
F
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
G
G
NR
E
G
G
G
E
E
F
F
E
E
E

F
F
P
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
' G
E
G
E
F
G
F
F
E
E
F
F
G
G
G
NR
NR
NR
F
G
G
G
Nitrile
latex
E
G
E
E
E

E
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
P
E
G
F
Q
NR
NR
F
F
F
P
F
E
P
E
G
G

G
E
G
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
NR
P
G
F
E
E
F
F
G
E
G
E
E
E
E
F
G
G
E
Chemical
Phosphoric acid
Pickling solution
Picric acid
Pine oil
Pitch
Plating solutions
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
Potassium chrome alum
Potassium dichromate
Potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium hydroxide
Printing inks
Propane gas
Propanol (iso)
Propyl acetate
Propyl alcohol
Propyl alcohol (iso)
Propylene gas
Propyne gas
Pyrethrum

R'Red fuming nitric acid
Rhodium fume and dust
S Silver nitrate
Skydrol 500
Sodium carbonate metol
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium sulfite
Sodium thiosulfide
Solvarsol
Sotvessos '
Steanc acid
Stoddard solvent
Styrene
Styrene 100%
Sulfunc acid

T Tannic acid
Tetrahydroborane
Tetraethyl lead
Tetrahydrofuran
•Toluene
Toluene dnsocyanate
•Toluol
Trichlor
•Trichloroethylene
"Trichloroethane
Tricresyl phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol
Triethanolamme
Trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluol
Triptane
Tung oil
Turco No 2998
Turpentine
U Unsymmetrical
Dimethylhydrazine
V Varnolme gas
Vanadium fume and dust
Varsol
Vegetable oils
W Wood alcohol
Wood preservatives
•Woodyouth
X'Xylene
•Xylol
•Xylidene
Z Zinc chloride
Neo-
prene
E
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
F
G
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
P
G
E
G
G
E
P
E
E
P
P
G

E
F
E
P
F
F
F
F
F
P
G
G
E
G
G
E
E
P
G
F
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
P
P
E
E
Natural
latex or
rubber
G
G
G
P
P

G
G
F
G
E
G
E
E
F
c
E
F
F
E

P
E
G
G
G
E
G
G
F
P
E
F
P
P
G

E
P
F
F
P
G
P
P
F
P
F
F
G
P
P
P
P
P
F
P
F
E
F
G
E
F
P
P
P
F
E
Milled
nitrile
E
G
E
E
E
f£
G
G
F
G
E
G
E
E
F
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
P
G
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
F
F
G

E
F
E
F
F
F
F
G
G
F
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
F
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
F
F
F
E
Butyl
E
E
G
F
F

E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
F
P
E
G
P
P
G

E
F
G
F
NR
G
NR
p
P
P
F
F
G
F
F
F
F
F
F
P
F
E
F
G
E
G
G
P
P
F
E
Nitrile
latex
E
G
E
E
E

5
G
F
G
E
G
E
E
F
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
P
G
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
F
F
G

E
F
E
F
F
F
F
G
G
F
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
F
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
F
F
F
E
  If glove swells, remove it from serv-
ice and replace with a new one; or
rinse glove with plain water and allow
it to return to original shape.

-------

            A-100
            Find the  right  glove  for each  job         ;
:elect the coating with the highest rating in the Physical Properties Chart, then check the Chemical
lesistance Chart ._*-•
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                                                             • *t».-.5i"ICV
                                                                                                  DIGICAP
                                                                                                    Finger guards
                                                                                                              ®
                                                                                    High density, plastic  finger  caps  help  protect tics
                                                                                    against "pinch points" and minor blows  Worn ms^e
                                                                                    work gloves  Stay  in place until removed. Reusacie
                                                                                    when gloves wear out. Packaged six to a unit for maex
                                                                                    middle and ring  fingers, or, in bulk for one finger  on
                                                                                    each hand.
                                                                                    Hovrto order:
                                                                                    For faster service, contact your nearest Granet distri-
                                                                                    butor with the style number and quantity you desire If
                                                                                    a Granet distributor is not listed in your area, write' The
                                                                                    Granet Division, ESB  Inc., Frammgham, MA 01701

                                                                                    Glove control:
                                                                                    Work glove cost can  be reduced by glove control (1)
                                                                                    Use the right glove for the job and standardize on as
                                                                                    few glove styles as possible (2) Granet distributors can
                                                                                    do a "glove survey" in your plant. (3) Issue new gloves
                                                                                    only when the worn out ones are returned by the
                                                                                    wearer. (4) Check and see if one hand wears out faster
                                                                                    than the otner  If so, order and issue one hand only

                                                                                    Glove care and replacement:
                                                                                    To add life to coated gloves being heavily exposed to
                                                                                    solvents and acids it is always a good idea to alternate
                                                                                    the wearing of two pairs Wear one pair for half the work
                                                                                    shift ana the oiher pair for tne other halt.  Rinse outer
                                                                                    surface with  water after each wearing
                                                                                    Replacement of gloves is dependent on the wearfactor
                                                                                    created by the job application Check gloves frequently
                                                                                    for cracks, tears, splits, wear points, leakage and the
                                                                                    like Be sure to use a gauntlet glove long enough for the
                                                                                    job application.
                                                                                    There is no such thing as maximum hand protection.

                                                                                     Lower glove costs:
                                                                                     Make your own evaluation of protection and economy
                                                                                     by testing glove recommended by your Granet trained
                                                                                     representative

                                                                                    Granet 3 Point Hand Protection Program:
                                                                                     A  simplified  3-step procedure  for  developing  a
                                                                                     plantwide hand safety program is contained in a FREE
                                                                                     folder  Send  for  your copy today
                                                                                     Mam Plant — Sales Headquarters (U.S.A.)
                                                                                     PO  Box 588
                                                                                     25 Lormg Drive, Frammgham, MA 01701
                                                                                     Phone. (617) 873-3521
                                                                                     North Carolina Plant —  Snow Hill, NC 28580
                                                                                    GRANET DIVISION

                                                                                        ESB INCORPORATED
                                                                                                    (fSB]
                                                                                                                     Granet
                                                                                                          Form 845    Printed m u :

-------
BFGcodrsch chemical comparison chart
                                                      A-101
            Natural
          Neo- Rubber  NUrile
          prene or Lalei (Buna - Hi PVC
  Natural
Neo- Rubber Nitrile
prene or Latei (Buna - N) PVC
  Natural
Neo- Rubber Nitrite
prene 01 latei (Buna - N) PVC '
A-



















B-











C-



























D-














6-

















Acetaldehyde
Acetate
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acetylene Gas
Acetylene Tetrachlonde
Acrylonitnle
Amidol
Amine Hardeners
Ammonium Hydroxide
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Anhydrous Ammonia
Aniline
Aniline Hydrochlonde
Aniline Oil
Animal Fats
Animal Oils
Anodex
Anthracene
Aromatic Fuels
Banana Oil
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
Blacosolve
Butane
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Alcohol
Butylaidehyde
Butylene
Calcium Hydroxide
Carbolic Acid
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Disuiohide
Carbon Tetrachlonde
Castor Oil
Cello-Solve
Cello-Solve Acetate
ChloroDhenylene
Diamine
Chlorine
Chlorine Gas
Chloro Benzene
Chloroacetone
Chloroform
Chioronaphithalene
Chloropicrin
Chlorothene
Chromic Acid
Chromotex
Citric Acid
Cotton Seed Oil
Creosote
Cresol
Cupric Nitrate
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanot
Cyclohexanone
Decaborane
Degreasing Fluids
Diacetone Alcohol
Diethyltiamme
Di-lsocyanate
Diborane
Dibenzyl Ether
Dibutyl Phthalate
Dichlorethane
Dichloroporopene
Diesel Fuel
Diethanolamme
Diethylamme
Diisobutyl Ketone
Dimethyl Formamide
Dioctyl Phthalate
Diosane
Emulsifying Agent
Emulthogene
Eoichloro
Epoxy Resins Dry
Esters
Ethane Gas
Ethanol
Ethers
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Formate
Ethytamlme
Ethytenediamme
Ethylene Dichlonde
Ethylene Gas
Ethylene Glycot
Ethylene Trichloride
Fatty Acids
Ferrocyanide
Fluoric Acid
E
G
E
G
E
F
G
G
F
E
E
G
G
F
F
E
E
G
F
P
F
F
P
E
G
F
G
E
G
E
G
E
E
E
E
F
F
F
F
G

G
G
G
F
E
G
F
P
P
F
G
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
F
E
G
G
F
G
G
P
P
G
E
E
P
F
G
E
G
G
G
E
F
E
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
E
F
E
E
F
E
F
E
G
F
E
E
E
NR
F
E
F
E
E
E
F
P
P
P
F
E
P
NR
P
F
NR
E
F
P
P
F
F
E
G
G
E
E
E
F
P
P
G
F

P
F
F
P
E
P
P
P
NR
P
G
E
P
G
G
G
F
F
E
P
P
E
F
P
P
G
P
NR
P
P
G
G
F
F
P
G
F
F
P
E
P
G
E
G
F
E
G
F
F
G
P
G
E
P
G
G
F
G
E
F
E
G
F
G
G
E
E
G
G
F
F
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
E
G
G
G
E
F
E
G
E
E
E
rf
G
G
E
P
G

F
G
G
P
F
G
F
P
F
F
G
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
G
E
E
F
F
G
G
F
G
G
E
E
P
P
G
G
G
G
P
E
F
E
G
E
F
G
E
G
F
E
F
E
E
G
F
E
G
P
E
F
G
P
F
E
F
E
P
G
E
G
F
G
G
G
"E
F
F
F
F
F
G
F
G
F
P
P
G
G
F
E
G
E
F
F
G
F
F

F
F
F
P
F
P
F
G
P
G
G
E
G
G
G
G
F
F
F
P
P
P
F
f
P
F
P
P
F
F
E
F
P
G
P
P
F
F
F
E
P
G
G
P
P
G
P
P
P
F
P
G
G
P
F
F
Fluortne
Fluorine Gas
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Freon 1 1
Freon 12
Freon 2 1
Freon 22
Furlurai
G — Gasoline Leaded
Gasoline Unleaded
Glycenne
Glycerol
Glycol
Gold Fluoride
Gram Alcohol
H — Halogens
Hexamethylene
Tetramine
Hexane
Hexyl Acetate
Hydraulic Oil
Petroleum Base
Ester Base
Hydrazme
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen Gas
Hydrogen
Peroxide — 30%
Hydro-Qumone
HydrafluosiNc Acid
1— Inorganic Salts
Iso-oclane
Isopropanol
Isopropyl Alcohol
K — Kerosene
Ketones
L — Lacauer Thmners
Lactic Acid
Launc Acid
Lineoleic Acid
Linseed Oil
M-Maleic Acid
Mercuric Chloride
Mercury
Methane Gas
Methanol
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Alcohol
Methylamme
Methyl Bromide
Methvl Cellosoive
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Formate
Methylene Bromide
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacylate
Mineral Oils
Monochlorbenzene
Monoethanolamme
Morpholtne
Muriatic Acid
N — Naphthalene
Naphthas Aliphatic
Naphthas, Aromatic
Nitric Acid
Nitric Acid Red &
White Fuming
Nitrobenzene
Nitroetnane
Nitrogen Gas
Nitrometnane
Nitropropane
Nitrous Oxide
O — Octyt Alcohol
Oleic Actd
Oxalic Acid
Oxygen Liquid
p_ Pamt Thmners
Paint and Varnish
Removers
Palmitic Acid
Para die hiorooenzene
Parathione
Penta Borane
Pentachloraphenol
Pentane
Perchloric Acid
Perchiorethylene
Permachlor
Petroleum Spirits
Ph e n o 1
Phenylene Dtamme
Phil-solv
Phosphoric Acid
G
G
P
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
E
E
E
G
E
G

F
F
F

G
E
F
E
E
E

G
G
F
E
F
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
F
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
E ,
F
E
E
E
G
E
G
G

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
F
G
G
E
E
P
F
F
E
E
F
E
E
E
G
Q
E
E
F
F
E
E
P
P
P
P
G
P
E
E
E
E
E
F

G
P
P

P
P
G
E
E
E

G
G
F
E
G
E
E
E
F
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
P
E
G
G
G
G
G
E
G
F
F
G
G
F
G
E
P
E
E
E
F
F
P
F

P
P
P
E
P
P
G
E
p
E
P
F
F
E
F
F
P
G
G
F
NR
F
F
F
P
Q
F
G
G
G
E
E
F
F
F
F
F
G
C
E
E
E
G
G
G

F
E
F

E
G
G
G
G
E

G
G
G
E
P
E
E
F
E
F
E
F
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
F
E
F
F
G
G
G
F
G
F
G
G
F
P
G
E
G
G
E
G
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
F
G
G
E
G
F
F
F
E
F
E
E
E
G
F
G
E
E
F
F
F
E
F
F
F
F
F
F
p
E
E
E
E
G
F

G
F
F

F
P
E
G
F
G

F
F
F
G
P
G
G
F
F
F
G
G
G
F
G
F
F
G
G
P
G
F
P
P
P
NR
F
P
P
NR
F
G
P
G
G
G
G
p
P
F

P
P
P
G
P
P
F
F
F
G
P
F
P
G
E
p
p
F
P
P
NR
NR
p
G
P
p
F
G
Pickling Solution G G G G
Picric Acid EG E F
Pine Oil E P E G
Pitch E P E F
Plating Solutions E E E E
Potassium Alum G G G E
Potassium Bromide G 3 G E
Potassium Chrome
Alum G G G G
Potassium Dichromate F F F G
Potassium Hydrozide E E EG
Printing Inks EG E F
Propane Gas E E EG
Propanoi-iso E E E G I
Propyl Acetate G F G F
Propyl Alcohol E E E G |
Propyl Alcohol Iso E E E G
PropyleneGas E F EG
Propyne Gas E F EG
B — Red Fuming Nitric Acid P P P P
S — Silver Nitrate EG G F
Skydrol 500 P G P P
Sodium Carbonate '
Metol G G 3 G
Sodium Hydroxide E E EG
Sodium Sulphite G G G G
Sodium Thtosulphide G G G F j
Solvarsol E F E F
Solvessos P P E P 1
Steanc Acid E E EG
Stoddards Solvent E F E F
Styrene P P F P
Styrene 1 0O% P P F P
Sulphuric Acid G G G F
T— Tannic Acid E E E E j
Tetra Hydro Borane F P F P
Tetraethyl Lead E F E P
Tetrahydrofuran P F P F
Toluene Di-isocyanate F G F P
Toluol F P E P
Trichlor F P G P
Tnchlorethylene F P G P
Tnchloroethane P P F P
Tricresyl Phosphate G F F NR
Tridecyl Alcohol G F E F
Triethanolamme EG E G
Trinitrotoluene G P E G
Trinitrotoluol G P E G
Triptane E P E P
Tung Oil E P E F
Turco No 2993 P P P P
Turpentine G F EG
U — Unsymmetrical
Dimethyl Hydraztne F P G P
V— Varnolme Gas E F E F
Varsol G F G F
Vegetable Oils EG EG
W- Wood Alcohol E E G G
Wood Preservatives G F G F
Woodyouth F P E P
X-Xylene P P E P
Xyhdene E F E P
Z- Zinc Chloride E E E F

PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Tensile Strength E E E F
Elongation E E P F
Tear Resistance G G F F
Abrasion Resistance G G EG
Heat Resistance E F G P
Ozone Resistance E G G E
Sunlight Aging E F G F
Shelf Life Aging E E E F



KEY:
E — Excellent Q —Good F— Fair P— Poor
NR __ Not Recommended

This comparison chart shows the relative re-
sistance ratings of various glove materials to
solvents commonly used in industry We rec-
ommend rotation of gloves in service according
to prevailing conditions If excessive swelling
occurs change to another pair allowing swollen
gloves to dry
In general gloves should be cleaned immedi-
after use particularly when using acids or other
chemicals This information is basec on room
ture should be watched as to its effect on gloves
Proper care will insure longer life

-------
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I
         A-102
  2?125553B3iBBa(k
                                                                    Protective
                                                        Clothing  &   Gloves
  HOW TO SELECT THE CORRECT GLOVE FOR YOUR JOB! (Chemical Comparison Chart)
CMIMtCAL *••*« •» l.*lo*j
A-Acetaldehyde E G
Acetate G F
Acetic Acid E E
Acetone G E
Acetylene Gas E E
Acetylene Tetrachionde F NR
Acrylonitnle G F
Amidol G E
Amine Hardeners F F
Ammonium Hydroxide E E
Amyl Acetate F P
Amyl Alcohol E E
Anhydrous Ammonia G E
Aniline G F
Aniline Hydrochlonde F P
Aniline Oil F P
Ammai Fats E P
Animal Oils E F
Anodex G E
Anthracene F P
Aromatic Fuel* P NR
B — Banana Oil F P
Benzaidehyde F F
Benzene P NR
Benzyl Alcohol E E
Benzyl Benzoate G F
Benzyl Chloride F P
Biacosoive G P
Butane E F
Butyt Acetate G F
Butyl Alcohol E E
Butyiatdenyde G G
Butyiene E G
C-Caicium Hydroxide E E
Carbolic Acid E E
Carbon Dioxide E E
Carbon Disulphide F F
Carbon Tetrachionde F P
Castor Oil F P
Cello-Solve F G
Cello-Solve Acetate G F
Chlorine G F
Chlorine Gas G F
Chloro Benzene F P
Chioroacetone E E
Chloroform G p
Chloronaphithalene F P
Chloropicrin P P
Chlorothene p NR
Chromic Acid F P
Chromotex G G
Citric Acid E E
Cotton Seed Oil G P
Creosote G G
Cresol G G
Cupnc Nitrate G G
Cyctohexane G F
Cyclohexanol G F
Cyclohexanone G E
D — Decaborane F P
Degreasing Fluids F P
Diacetone Atcohol E E
Diethyltiamme G F
Di-lsocyanate G P
Dibcrane F P
Dibenzyl Ether G G
Dibutyl Phthaiale G P
Dichlorethane P NR
DtchioroDorooene P P
Diesel Fuel G P
Diethanoiamme E G
Drethyiamme E G
Dusobutyl Ketone P F
Dimethyl Formamide F F
Diociyi Phihalate G P ,
Diosane E G
E — Emulsifying Agent G F
Emuithogene G F
Epichloro G P
Epoxy Resins Dry E E
Esters F P
Ethane Gas E G
Ethanot E E
Ethers E G
Ethyl Acetate G F
Elhyl Alcohol E E
Ethyl Ether E G
Ethyt Formate G F
Ethyiamime F F
Ethyienediamme E G
Ethyiene Oichionde F P
Ethyiene Gas E G
Ethyiene Glycol E E
Ffhyiene Tnrhio'tde c P
*«lu.»J
F G F-Fatty Acids E P E
G P Ferrocyanide F G F
E E Fluoric Acid E G E
F F Fluorine G F G
E G Fluorine Gas G F G
G P Formaldehyde E E E
F F Formic Acid E E E
G E Freon 11 - G P F
G F Freon 12 G P F
E E Freon 21 G P F
F P Freon 22 G P F
E G Furlural G G F
G E Q— Gasoline Leaded G P G
G G Gasoline Unleaded F P E
F F Glycerme E E E
F G Glycerol E E E
E G Glycol E E E
E G Gold Fluoride G E G
G E Gram Alcohol E E G
G FH — Halogens G F G
G F Hexamelhyiene Tetrtjmine F G p
G F Hexane F P E
G F Hexyl Acetate F P F
G F Hydraulic Oil
£ G Petroleum Base G P E
G F Ester Base E P G
G G Hydrazine F G G
G F Hydrochloric Acid EEC
E P Hydrofluoric Acid EEC
F P Hydrogen Gas E E E
E G Hydrogen Peroxide— 3O% G G G
G G Hydro-Oumone G G G
E F Hydrafiuosihc Acid F F G
£ £ 1— Inorganic Salts E E E
E G Iso-oclane F G P
E E Isopropanol E E E
G F Isopropyi Alcohol E E E
G FK — Kerosene E E F
E G Ketones G F E
P F L — Lacauer Thinner* G G F
G F Lactic Acid E E E
G F Lmeoieic Acid E E P
G F Linseed Oil E E P
P P M-Maietc Acid E E E
F F Mercuric Chloride G . G E
GP Mercury GPG
F F Methane Gas E E E
P G Methanol E G E
F- P Methyl Acetate G G F
F G Methyl Alcohol E G E
G G Methylamme F G F
E E Methyl Bromide G G F
E G Methyl CeUosoive G E G
G G Methyl Chloride G G G
G G Methyl Ethyl Ketone G F G
G G Methyl Formate G F F
G F Methylene Bromide G G G
G F Methylene Chloride G G F
G F Methyl Isobutyl Kelone G F G
F p Methyl Methacytate G G G
G P Mineral Oils E E F
E P Monochlorbenzene F P p
E F Monoethanolamine E E G
F F Morphoime E E E
F p Muriatic Acid E E G
G FN — Naphthalene G F G
G p Naphthas Aliphatic E F E
F P Naphthas Aromanc GPG
G F Nitric Acid G F F
G F Nitric Acid Red &
E E White Fuming P P P
E F Nitrobenzene F P F
p P Nitroethane F P F
p G Nitrogen Gas E E E
G P Nitrometnane F P F
G P Nitropropane F P F
G F Nitrous Oxide G G G
p £ O-Octyl Atcohol E E E
p p Oleic Acid £ F E
F p Oxalic Acid E £ E
E G Oxygen Liquid F P F
G G P— Paint Thmners Q F G
E P ^ami ana Varnisn
F P Removers G F G
G G Palmitic Acid E E E
E P Paraaicniorobenzene E F G
G P Parathione P F F
F P Penta Borane F P F
E F Pentacniorapheno! F G F
F P Pentane E G E
E G Perchloric Acid E F F
E G Percniorethyiene F NR E
G P Permachlor E F E
«•» H
• -« »»C CH(M.C*L ew
G Petroleum Spirits
Phenoi
Phenyiene Diamine
Phenyi Hydrazine
: Phli-SOiV
Phosphoric Acid
E Pickling Solution
F Picric Acid
F Pine Oil
F Pitch
F Plating Solutions
F Potassium Alum
F Potassium Bromide
K Potassium Chrome Alum
E Potassium Dichromate
E Potassium Ferrocyanide
E Potassium Hydroxide
c Printing Inks
G Propane Gas
F Propanot-iso
G Propyi Acetate
F Propyt Alcohol
F Propyi Alcohol Iso
Propyiene Gas
F Propyne Gas
P fl — Red Fuming Nitric Acid
E S — Silver Nitrate
G Skydrol 500
F Sodium Carbonate Metol
G Sodium Hydroxide
F Sodium Suiohrte
	 I
»• «u***r) MtnM
too •< Lal«l| tun* - *]
E F E
E F G
G P F
G G G
E F £
E G E
G G G
E G E
E P E
E P E
E E £
G G G
G G G
G G G
F F F
G G G
E E E
EG E
E E E
E E E
G F Q
E E E
E E E
E F £
E F £
P P p
EG G
P G P
G G G
»»c
P
G
p
F
F
G
G
F
G
F
E
E
E
G
G
G
G
F
G
G
F
G
G
G
G
p
F
P
G
E E EG
G G G
F Sodium Thiosuiphide G G G
F Solvarsol
Q Solvessos
p Slearic Acid
Q Stoddards Solvent
E F E
P P E
G
F
F
P
E E E G
E F E
G Styrene P P F
p Styrene 100%
P P F
p Sulphuric Acid G G G
p T — TanmcAcid
Q Tetra Hydro Borane
-. Tetraethyl Lead
Q Tetrahydrofuran
G Toluol
E E E
F P F
Ep f
^ t
P F P
Ff c
o r
F P E
p Tnchtor F P Q
p Tnchlorethyiene
F p r,
Q Tnchtoroethane P P p
G Tncresyt Phosphate
3 F F N
p Tndecyl Alcohol G F E
F
P
P
F
E
»
*
=
9
P
P
p
'
R
F
Q Tnethanolarmne EG EG
p Trinitrotoluene G P EG
p Trinitrotoluol G P EG
p Tnptane E P E P
p Tung Oil E P E F
NR TurcoNo 2993 P p p p
p Turpentine G F EG
p U — Unsymmetncal
p Dimethyl Hydrazine F P G P
ISIR V— Varnoime Gas E F E F
F Varsoi G F G F
Q Vegetable Oils E G E G
p W— Wood Alcohol E E Q G
Q Wood Preservatives G F G F
Q Woodyouth F P E P
G X-Xylene P P E P
G Xylidene E F E P
p Z-Zinc Chloride E E £ F
P
F





p PHYSICAL
P CHARACTERISTICS
G Tensile Strength E E E F
P Elongation E E F F
P Tear Resistance G G F F
F Abrasion Resistance G G EG
F Heat Resistance E F G P
F Ozone Resistance E G G £
G Sunlight Aging E F G F
p Shelf Life Aging E E E F
F





G KEY. E- Excellent G-Good F— Fair
p P— Poor NR — Not Recommended
p l_^ _____ ____
F
P
p
NR
NR

















 This "Comparative Use Chart" shows the relative resistance ratings ol various glove materials to solutions commonly used in industry. When selecting gloves lor
 applications not shown on the "Comparative Use Chan", call your local Vallan office giving as much detailed information as possible including the following point*:
 1. Chemical composition of the solution             4 Abrasive effect! of materials beina handled
applic
1. Chemical composition of the solution
2. Degree of concentration
3. Temperature Conditions
                                        4 Abrasive effects of materials being handled
                                        5. Time cycle of usage
76

-------
                                                       DOCUMENT NO.   0000~72900-Q i
                                                       RELEASE DATE
                                                                             A-103
             1
                                      ILC
                                   DOVER
                                                       PAQ£
                                                                11
OF   25
             1
        ILC DOVER TOTAL ENCAPSULATING CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE SUIT
                     MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY CHART
The following pages are offered as a general  guide and indication of the
suitability of the basic suit materials for service in specific chemicals.
The ratings are based on published literature of various polymer suppliers
(*) and in most cases were developed under laboratory conditions at room
temperatures on the polymer and not the end use material.  These conditions
may not apply directly to user conditions.  This data is offered only as a
guide.  We cannot guarantee thier accuracy nor assume responsibility for
use thereof.  The user is responsible to test/verify the compatibility of
suit materials with intended use environments.

Several factors must always be considered in using an elastomer part in
service.  The rrost important are:

     1.   The Temperature of Service:  Higher temperatures increase the
          effect of all chemicals on polymers.  The increase varies with
          the polymer and the chemical.  A compound quite suitable at
          room temperature might fail miserably at elevated temperature.

     2.   Conditions of Service:  A compound that swells badly might still
          function well in a static mode yet fail in any dynamic application,

     3-   The Grade of the Polymer:  Many types of polymers are available
          in different grades that vary greatly in chemical resistance.

     ^•   The Compound Itself:  Compounds designed for other outstanding
          properties may be poorer in performance in a chemical than one
          designed especially for fluid resistance.

     5-   Combi nat ions:  Mixtures of chemicals can frequently produce
          different effects on materials rather than when used alone.
NOTE:  When the secondary visor is installed, the polyvinyl chloride is not
       exposed and the polyester rating will be applicable.

KEY:   A -  Little or no effect.
       B -  Minor effect such as slight swelling, stains, etc.
       C -  Conditional  effect varies from minor to severe under different
            cond i t i ons.
       X -  Severe effect.
       I  -  Insufficient data to rate.
*  Sources will be provided on request.
                                                                            FOfW

-------

        A-10A
CHEMICAL MAKE
                                       r»c(i)  Bum.   URETHANE
Acid.
Strong. Non-Oxidlilns.
Strong. OxidlxinR
Organic
Caus tics
Strong Alkalla
Ammonia
Solvents
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Esters
Ketonee
Nitrohydrocarbons
Petroleum Products
Gasoline 4 kerosene
Fuel Oils
Creases
Tars 4 Asphalt
Phenol Ic a
Animal 4 Vegetable Oils
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid, Glacial
Acetic Add, 3O-5OI • 70°F
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetyl Chloride
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonltrile
Allyl Alcohol
Aluminum
Aluminum Acetate
Aluminum Chloride
Aluminum Fluoride
Aluminum Hydroxide
Ammonia, Anhydrous, Cas
Ammonium Hydroxide
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Aniline
Ammonium Salts, General
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Persuliate
Amyl Borate
Amyl Chlora Naphthaline
Aqua ftegla
Arsenic Acid
Aaphait
Barium Salts t Hydroxide
Benxaldehyde
Benxene (Benxol)
Benxolc Acid
Benxene Sulfonic Acid
Benxoyl Chloride
Benxyl Acetate
Benxyl Alcohol
trine
Bromo benxene
Bromobucaae
Bromochloromethanej
Bromo toluene
Butyl Alcohol
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acrylate
Butadiene
Bromine
ButyraUehvm*
Butylamlme
Butylbromlde
Butyric Acid
Butter
Calcium Acetate
Calcium Salta, General
Calcium Blaulfite
Cane Sugar Liquors

A
X
A

A
A

A
B
C
C
C
c

A-B
A-B
A
B
A
A

A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

A






A
A


C
A

A
C
C
A
A
X
B
A
A
X
C
C
X
B
B
B
B

B
B
C
A
A
A
A
A


A
B-X
B-C

A-B
A

B
B
X
X
X
X

B-C
B-C
A-B
3
B-C
A
X
X
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
X
A
X
H
A
A


C






























A
B-X
B

A
A

X
X
c
A-B
X
C-X

X
X
X
X
B-C
A-B
A
B-C
B
X
A
X

X

A
A
A
A
B
A-B
A
A
A
B
A
A
X
X
X
c
A
X
A
1
X

X ''


B
A
X
X
X
X
B
C
C
X
X
B
X
C

A
A
A
X
A

x
x
x

B-C
A

A
B
X
X
x
x

A-B
A-B
A
B-C
X
A
x
x
£
x
x
x
x








J^
x
x
x
X
x
x

X
x
c
B
A
x
x

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x
x

A
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A

A
X
O
                                                                   ouer
                            CPE - Chlorinated Po)yclhyJt-ni-

                            NOTE:  AH. DATA F0»  70° - 7JOp
                            KCT:    A-Excellrnt
                                    8-Cocxl
                                    C-Comlltion^l
                                    X —Not Reconr»cndcd
    PVC -
                                                                           OOMICAL NAME
                                                                               Carbolic AcU
                                                                               Carbon Ui.ullld*
                                                                               Carbon Monoxide 4 Dloxldt-
                                                                               Carbon Tetrachlorldr
                                                                               Cantor Oil
                                                                               Chioroacetone
                                                                               Chlorobenxrae
                                                                               Chlorine (wet)
                                                                               Chloroform
                                                                               Chlorinated Allphatlcs
                                                                               Ch lorarouta 11 c s
                                                                               Chlorox Solution
                                                                               Chromic Acid. 3OZ
                                                                               Chrome Plating Solutions
                                                                               Clnnaaiene (Styrene)
                                                                               Copper Salta (Solutions)
                                                                               Cyclohexane
                                                                               Cyclohexanol
                                                                               CyclohexaAone
                                                                               Denatured Alcohol
                                                                               Detergent Solutions
                                                                               Developing Fluids
                                                                               Diacetcne Alcohol
                                                                               Wbutyl Aaine
                                                                               Dlbutyl Ether
                                                                               Cllsobutyl Xetone
                                                                               Dlbutyl  Phtnalate
                                                                               Dlbutyl Sebacate
                                                                               Dichlorobenxene
                                                                               Dlchloroethylene
                                                                               Diesel Fuel
                                                                               Dichlorovetrvsne
                                                                               Dlethyl Ether
                                                                               Diethylene Glycol
                                                                               Dimethyl Formamlde
                                                                               Dimethyl Benxene (Xylene)
                                                                               1.4 Dicocane
                                                                               Dovtherm Oil
                                                                               Dry Cleaning Fluids
                                                                               Eplchlorhydrln
                                                                               Ethane
                                                                               Etuanol (Ethvl Ucohol)
                                                                               EthanoiamiM
                                                                               Ethyl Acetate
                                                                               Ethyl Acetoacetatc
                                                                               Ethyl Acrylate
                                                                               Ethyl Benxene
                                                                               Ethyl Bromide
                                                                               Ethyl Chloride
                                                                               Ethyl Ether
                                                                               Ethyl Iodide
                                                                               Ethylene Dlamlne
                                                                               Ethylene Bichloride
                                                                               Ethylene Clycal
                                                                               Ferric 4 Ferrous Salts
                                                                               Fluorine (Liquid)
                                                                               Fluoslllclc Acid
                                                                               Formaldehyde (Formalin)
                                                                               Formic Acid
                                                                               Fuel Oils
                                                                               Freon 11
                                                                               Freon 12
                                                                               Freon 13
                                                                               Freon 21
                                                                               Freon 22
                                                                               Freon 31
                                                                               Freon 32
                                                                               Freon 112
                                                                               Freon 113
                                                                               Freon 114
                                                                               Freon 113
                                                                               Freon 142b
                                                                               Freon lS2a
                                                                               Freon 218
                                                                               Freon C316
                                                                               Freon C318
                                                                               Freon 13B1
                                                                               Freon 1UB2
                                                                                                             cri
                                                                                                                     pvcn>  Bimri.
A
C

C
A
X
X

X
c
X
A
A

C
A
A
A
C
A
A-B

A
A
A
C
C
B
X
C

C
A


X
B
C
B

B

A
B
A
B
C
C

A
C
C
C
A
A

A
A
A
B












C
X

X
B
X


X
X
X
B


X
A
B
C
X
B
B



X
X
X
X
X
X

X
C
A

X
X

c

B
B

X

X

X
X
X
X

X
A
A
X
C
A
B(2>
B












C
X
A
X
B
B-C
a
c
X
X
X
A
C
X
X
A
X
X
B-C
A
B
B
A
X
C
c
B
1
X

X
X
X
A
B
X
B
C
X
B
X
B
B
C
I
B
X
C
A
C
X
A
C
A
A
C-X
B
A
A
X
X
1
A
X
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
^
A
A
A
X
X

A
C
A
X
C
X

X
c
B
X
X

A
B

X
C
C-X

I

t
B
C
X
X

B
X
A
X
X
c

B
B

B
B
C
X


X

B
1


X
. B
A


X
X
•
X



X



1
A

A
                   Chloride
           (1) Kax. Srrvlrr Tr»p. 14J * 5°r
           (2) To 50?
           (1) 102 MJ,
           /n r	 >... ^

-------
Cfl
       rvcO)  BtfTTL   WXETHAMl
                                                        MAKE
                                                                                ere
                                                                                        rvc(l)
                                                                                                  A-105
f *•*

J*» • I**"'
t*** *"*'
A 	 t-/D
f^^^
£T^~ w
/r« — rt
•»••» *
f r •• "
rw«*
rf«*J
Lr " " **
f_li*mt'
tj^ (— ,«• »aae)
Clr***1"
°'**1*(» iroJeam Base)
**"***J.<
*****
gj,,ir| (Bcxyl Alcohol)
^ __
******
artroeroaic Acid
swrochlorlc Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
fy«r>cyaaic Acid
BWrotttt Cas
tydrefn Peroxide (901)
•yerofea Sulddc
•vdrofluinon? —
IWlBC
Iiophoronc
Uooctane
Itobutyl Alcohol
Itoftafjl Acetate
laopropyl Alcohol
Kerocenc
Licqueri I Lacquer Solvents
Uctlc Acid
Lard * 712°F
Uad Salts
Us*
Linteed Oil
Lube Oils (Petroleum)
ty«
H>(ne«iuB Salts
Haleic Acid
Maleic Anhydride
Htllc Acl«
Merc-jr»
Mercuric Chloride
Mesltyl Oxide
Methane
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Acrvlste.
Methyl Alcohol
Methyl Butyl Ketone
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Milk
Mineral Oil
Muatard Gas
•aphtha
Kapn Chalons
Kickel Salts
Mltrlc Acid - Cane.
Nitric Acid - Dilute
Mltrlc Acid - Famine
Mltro Ben&cne
Citroethane
Nitrogen
Hltros«ne I, ur oxide










^
A-a
A
A
A
A-B
C
A-B
. A


A
A
A

A


A

A
B
B
A
A

A
A
A
A
A
A

A



A

B

A

A
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
A
X
C
A
A

V









X
B-C
A
A
A
A
fi-B

A-B
B


\
A
CO)
B

A
A
A
X
X
B
B
X
B
B
X
A
A
A
A
B
A

A



A
X
X

X

A
B
X
X
X
A
A

C
X
A
X
B
X
X
X
A


X
A
B
A
A
A
X
X
c-x
t
X
A
A
A
A
X
B
X
C
A ,
A
A
A
A
A
C
A


A
X
B
A
A
X
X
A
X
A
A
B
X
A
A
C
C
X
A
A
B
X
B
B
A ^
A
C-X
B
X
A
X
A
X •
X .
A





A
C

A
A
B
A
A
A
C



A
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
-



B
B
X
A
C
B
X
C
A
A

B
B
B
A



A


B


X
X
X
X
X
C
A
C
C
s
A
X
C
X
X

A


       CPE - Chlorinated  Polyethylene

       MOTE:  ALL DATA FOR  70°  -  7i°F
       KEY:    A-Lxcellent
               B-Cood
               C-Conditlonal
               X-Not »«co»i.. ndcd
               llank—Iniufficlent Data to Kate
                                                          H 4 1V»
                                                  Olclc Acid
                                                  Oxalic Acid
                                                  Oxygen - cold
                                                  Oxy»«n - 201°-400°F
                                                  Oxone
                                                  Olla. Crude. Lube. VCR.
                                                  Faraflil Wu
                                                  Perch lore thy lene
                                                  Phenol
                                                  Phenylvydrazlnr
                                                  Phoaphoric Acid Oil
                                                  Phoaphorlc Acid Cone.
                                                  Pincne
                                                  Pine Oil
                                                  Pocaasliai Salt*. General
                                                  Potaaaiw Hydroxide. 50Z
                                                  Propane
                                                  Pyrldlne
                                                  *ad Oil
                                                  Sodiuei Salta - General
                                                  Sod 1m Nypochlorlte
                                                  Sodlta Hydroxide 301
                                                  Soybean Oil
                                                  Stanoux (1C) Chloride
                                                  Steu - under 3OO°F
                                                  Stea» - over 30O°F
                                                  Stoddard'i Solvent
                                                  Styrene
                                                  Sulfurlc Acid, CO 501
                                                  Sulfur 1C Acid, Cone.
                                                  Sulfuric Acid, Fuming
                                                  Sulfuroua Acid. Oil
                                                  Sulfuroua Acid, Cone.
                                                  Tannlc Acid
                                                  Tar, Bltuainoua
                                                  Toluene
                                                  Trlacetln
                                                  Trlbutyl Phosphate
                                                  Trlchloroethane
                                                  Trichlore thy lene
                                                  Trl e thano l«tB in e
                                                  Trlcreayl Phoaphate
                                                  Turpentine
                                                  Urea   .
                                                  Varnish
                                                  Vinegar
                                                  Vinyl Acetate
                                                  Vinyl Chloride
                                                  Vinyl Cyanide
                                                  Vinyl Styrene
                                                  Vinyl Toluene
                                                  Vinyl Trichloride
                                                  Water
                                                  Xylene
                                                  Xylldlne
                                                  Zinc Salts, General
                                                        ifltrrHi
PVC - Polyviny] ChlorlJc
       (1) Kax. Service T«p. UJ + 5°F
       (2) To 50T
       (3) *OZ H.M
       (4) Except Hot Concentrated
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
B
B
A
A


A
A
A
A
A
A


A
C
A
X
X
A
A
A
C

C
C
C
A
A
B
A
A
A

A
X
C
C
A
X
C
A





,5 t S°F
ed


A
A
A
A-B
A
X
C
X
A
A
A
A


B
A
B
A
A
A
X
X
C
X
A
X
X
B
B
A
X

X
X
X
B
C

A
A
X
X

A
X
X
A








X
A
A
A
X
B
x-c
B
X
C
C
A
B
S
X
A
B
X
B
X
A
B
A--J
C
C
A
C
X
X
1
B
X
B
B
A
X
X
A
A
X
X
B
A
X
A
X
A


A
X
X
A








•BHW
B
1
A-B
A _
1
A
A
1
B
B



X
B
» ^
•
2 H
j ssi
A
X
1
X
X
1
X
X
1
X
•
1


1
C

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1

-------
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A"1°6              EAST WIND  INDUSTRIES,  INC.

                 Specification  #200,  Adendum A

        CHEMICAL RESISTANCE  OF  NEOPRF.NK., T'.V.C
                                                     nUTYL
 I
These tables, baaed on  data  from laboratory tests and records of
service performance, have  been  prepared as a guide to the service-
ability of properly compounded  products in contact with a variety
of chemicals,

Tho tables should be used  as  a  guide only.  All requirements necessary
to satisfactory performance must be taken into consideration.  Tem-
perature; intermittent  or  continuous exposure to the chemical
involved; and area of the  resilient part which will be in direct
contact with the chemical  are all factors which affect serviceability.
The effect of those chemicals listed as injurious to these compounds
may be of such nature that these compounds will deliver adequate
service life.  The fact  that  these compounds are found satisfactory
for a given service is  no  assurance that the same compounds will be
successful, under different service conditions.

To determine whether these products will be satisfactory for a given
application, test it in  actual  service.  If this is impractical, then
devise tests which simulate actual service conditions as closely as
possible,
                                                      NEO-
                                             P.V.C.  PRENE    BUTYL

Acetaldeyde
Acetamide
Acetate
Acetic Acid, Bo%
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acetyl Cloride
Acetylene Gas
Acetylene Tetracloride
Acrylonitrile
Aluminum Chloride
Aluminum Nitrate
Aluminum Sulfate
Ami dol
Amine hardeners
Ammonia Gas-Dry
Ammonia, Aqua -
Ammonia, Liquid
Ammonium Hydroxide
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Anhydrous Ammonia
Aniline
Aniline Hydroclorido
Aniline Oil
Animal Fats
Animal Oils
Anodex
Anthracene
Aromatic Fuels
Arsenic Acid
Arsine
NR
*
*
n
NR
*
•
*
*
NR
R
R
R
*
NU
R
R
NR
II
NI?
*
•
NR
NR
*
•
*
*
«
*
R
*
R
L
L
R
L
NH
NR
R
NR
L
R
R
R
L
NR
R
R
R
R
NR
R
L
Nil
NR
NR
R
R
L
NR
NR
R
R
R
L
L
R
K


R
NR
L
»
*
*
R
L
*
*
*
R
Nit
R
R
NR
Nn
NR
L
L
R
NR
NR
*
n

-------
         lO9i
50%
Fuine
Page 2

Asbestos
Asphalt
Banana Oil
Barium Chloride
Benzaldehyde,
Benzaldehydo ,  above
Benzene
Benzene Benzol
Benzene Sulfonic  Acid
Benzol
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
Blocosolve
Boric Acid
Boron Tribromide
Bromine
Bromof ortn
Butane
2-Butanone
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Alcohol
Butylaldehycle
Butylene
Butyric Acid,
Cadmium Oxide
Calcium Hydroxide,
Carbolic Acid
Carbon Bisulfide
Carbon Dioxide,  Dry
Carbon Disulfide      %
Carbon Tetracloride
Castor Oil
Cellosolve
Cellosolve  Acetate
Chlordane
Chlorine
Chlorine Gas,  Dry
Chlorine Gas,  Wet
Chlorine, Liquid
Chlorobenzene
Chloroacetono
Chi or obrotnome thane
Chloroform
Chloronr,ph thalene
Chlorophenyl^ne  Dia-iine
Chloropici in
Chlorothene
Chromic Acid
Chromic Acid,  50°i
Chr <-imo t. ex
Citric Acid
Coal Tar Pitch Volatile.-:*
Cottonseed  Oil
Cotton Dust (Raw)
Creosote
Troscl

P.V.C,
*
*
*
R
R
NR
NR
NU
n
*
*
*
*
*
R
*
*
*
R
*
L
1,
*
Nil
R
*
K
*
NR
R
NR
NR
R
L
NR
*
NR
NU
NR
Nit
NR
*
*
r^rn
NT?
*
Nl<
NP.
R
R
»
.'
XJ>-
«
•
1.
L
NKO-
PUENE
R
L
NR
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
NR
R
L
NR
I
R
L
L
L
R
L
NR
R
L
R
R
R
R
R
NU
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
L
L
L
NR
NR
NR
NR
L
NR
NR
NR
L
NR
NR
NU
NR
L
R
NR
L
R
1.
L

BUTYL
R
NR
NR
*
L
*
NR
*
*
NR
R
NR
I,
NR
*
NR
NR
NR
NR
L
NR
R
L
L
*
R
R
R
*
R
Nil
NR
NR
L
L
NR
R
L
R
R
NR
R
NTR
NR
NT
NR
NR
NH
NR
»
I
it
*
NR
R
NR
NR
                                                                       A-107

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A-108
Page 3

Cresylic Acid, 5O?i
Cupric  Nitrate
Cyan ide
Cyclohexaiie
Cyclohexanol
Cycl ohexanoiip
[>« caboi ane
Decreasing Fluids -
Di.icetone Alcohol
D iborane
Dlbpn:?.yJ Ether
Dilmtyl Phthalute
DichJ orob«nz
-------
                                                                     A-109
 Page  4

 Freon F-21
 Freon F-22
 Fuel  Oil
 Furfural
 Gallic  Acid
 Gasoline,  Leaded
 Gasoline,  Unleaded
 Glycerine
 Glycerol
 Glycol
 Gold  Fluoride
 Grain Alcohol
 Halogens
 Hcxamethylenetetramine
 Hexane
 Hexl  Acetate
 Hydraulic  Oil
     Ester  Base
     Petroleum Base
 Hydrazine
 Hydrochloric Acid
 Hydrofluoric Acid
 Hydrofluoric Acid, 30%
 Hydrofluoric Acid, 50%
 Hydrofluosilicic Acid
 Hydrogen  Gas
 Hydrogen  Peroxide - 3O%
 Hydroquinone
 Inorganic  Salts
 Iodine
 Isooctane
 Isopropanal
 Isopropyl Alcohol
 Kerosene
 Ketones
 Lacquer Thinners
 Lactic Acid
 Lactic Acid, 25%
 Laurie Acid
 Lineoleic Acid
 Linseed Oil
 Lubricating O-> 1
 Magnesium Hydroxide
 Magnesium Nitrate
 Magnesium Sulfate
 Maleic Acid
 Mercuric Chloride
 Mercury
 Methane Gas
 Methanol
 Methylamine
 Methyl Acetate
 Methyl Alcohol
 Methylamine
' Methyl Bromide
 Methyl Cellosplve

P.V.C.
NR
NR
R
NR
R
R
R
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
*
R
L
R
*
*
R
*
NR
*
*
R
R
NR
NR
L
R
L
*
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
R
*
L
NR
*
ik
*
NR
R
NEO-
PRENE
L
L
R
L
*
L
L
R
n
R
L
R
L
NR
NR
NR
R
L
NR
R
R
R
R
NR
R
L
L
R
L
R
R
R
R
L
L
R
R
R
R
n
R
R
R
R
R
L
L
R
R
NR
L
R
NR
L
R

BUTYL
- NR
NR
R
L
*
NR
NR
R
R
R
R
R
L
L
NR
NR
L
NR
L
L
L
*
*
L
R
L
L
R
L
NR
R
R
NR
R
NR
R
R
R
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
R
R
R
R
R
*
L
R
L
NR
L

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A-110
 Page  5

 Methyl  Chloride
 Methyl  Ethyl  Ketone
 Methyl  Formate
 Methyl  Isobutyl  Ketone
 Methyl  Methacrylate
 Methylene  Bromide
 Methylene  Chloride
 Minderal Oil
 Monochlorobenzene
 Monoethanolamina
 Morpholine
 Muriatic Acid
 Naptha
 Napthalene
 Napthast Aliphatic
 Napthas, Aromatic
 Napthalene
 Nickel  Acetate
 Nickel  Chloride
 Nickel  Nitrate
 Nickel  Sulfate
 Nitric  Acid
 Nitric  Acid,  red & white fuming
 Nitrobenzene
 Nitroethane
 Nitrogen Gas
 Nitromethane
 Nitropropane
 Nitrous Oxide
 Octyl Alcohol
 Oleic Acid
 Oxalic  Acid
 Oxygen, Liquid
 Ozone
 Paint Thinners
 Paint & Varnish  Removera
 Palmitic Acid
 Paradichlorobenzene
 Parathion
 Pentaborane
 Pentachlorophenol
 Pentane
 Perchloric Acid
 Perchloroethylene
 Perklene
 Permachlor
 Petroleum  Spirits
 Phenol
 Penylenediame
 Penylhydrazine
 Phil-solve
 Phosphoric Acid
 Pickling Solution
 Picric  Acid
 Pine  Oil
 Pitch
P.V.C,

  NR
  NR
  *
  NR
  NR
  *
  NR
  R
  *
  L
  *
  *
  NR
  *
  *
  *
  NR
  R
  R
  R
  R
  NR
  *
  NR
  *
  *
  NR
  NR
  R
  NR
  NR
  NR
  *
  R
  NR
  NR
  L
  *
  R
  NR
  NR
  *
  NR
  NR
  L
  *
  NR
  *
  L
  L
  NR
  L
  NR
NEOPRENE  BUTYL
NR
L
L
L
L
NR
NR
R
NR
R
R
R
R
L
R
L
NR
R
R
R
R
L
NR
NR
NR
R
NR
NR
L
R
R
R
NR
L
L
L
R
R
NR
NR
NR
R
R
NR
R
L
R
R
L
L
R
L
L
R
R
R
NR
R
L
R
R
L
L
NR
NR
R
R
R
•
NR
NR
NR
NR
*
*
*
•
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
NR
NR
L
R
L
R
NR
L
NR
NR
R
R
NR
NR
L
L
L
NR
NR
NR
NR
*
L
L
L
R
R
L
NR
NR

-------
Page 6

Plating Solutions
Potassium Alum
Potassium Bisulfate
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chrome Alum
Potassium Cyanide
Potassium Dichromate
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium  Iodide
Potassium  Nitrate
 Potassium Sulfate
 Printing Inks
 Propane Gas
 Propanol (iso)
 Propyl Acetate
 Propyl Alcohol
 Propyl Alcohol (iso)
 Propylene Gas
 Propyne Gas
 Pyrethrum
 Red  Fuming Nitric  Acid
 Rhodium Fume & Dust
 Silver Nitrate
 Skydrol  500
 Sodium Carbonate Metol
  Sodium Hydroxide
  Sodium Hypochlorite
  Sodium Sulfite
  Sodium Thiosulfide
  Solvarsol
  Solvessos
  Stearic Acid
  Stoddard's  Solvent
  S tyrene
'  Styrne 100%
  Sulfur Trioxide
  Sulfuric Acid,
  Sulfuric Acid,
  Tannic Acid
  Tetraethyl  Lead
  Tetrahydroborane
  Tetrahydrofuran
   Toluene
   Toluene Diisocyanate
   Toluol
   Trichlor
   Trichloroacetic Acid
   Trichloroethylene
   Trichloroethane
   Tricresyl  Phosphate
   Tridecyl Alcohol
   Triethanolamine
   Trinitrotoluene
    Trinitrotoluol
    Triptane
    Tung Oil
NEO-
P.V.C. PRENE
R R
R L
R R
R L
R R
R R
» L
R R
R L
R L
R R
* R
R R
R R
* R
* R
* R
NR L
L R
L R
• R
* R
* R
» NR
• R
R R
• NR
• L
L R
R NR
R L
« L
* R
* NR
R L
NR L
NR NR
* NR
R NR
L L
NR NR
R R
R R
* NR
NR L
NR NR
NR NR
NR NR
* NR
* L
NR L
* NR
NR L
* L
L R
* R
-, T
i-t *•*
NR R
NR R

BUTYL
,M "" 1 II
R
R
*
R
*
*
R
*
NR
R
R

*
*
L
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
R
NR
R
R
L
R
R
*
R
R
NR
NR
R
L
NR
NR
•
R
R
R
L
NR
NR
NR
L
NR
NR
L
NR
NR
NR
NR
L
NR
NR

NR
NR

-------
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A-112

                                                       NEO-
  Page 7                                      P^V.C.  I'RENE    BUTYL



  Turco No. 2998                                *        NR       NR
  Turpentine                                    L        NR       NR
                                                         NR       NR
                                                         R        NR
                                                         R        R
                                                         L        NR
                                                         R        L
Unaymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine
Varnoline Gas
Vanadium Fume & Dust
Varsol
Vegetable Oils
Wood Alcohol                                   L        R       R
Woodyouth                                      *        NR      L
Xylene (Xylol)                                 NR       NR      NR
Xylol                                          NR       NR      NR
Zinc Chloride                                  R        R       R
  R - Recommended
  L - Limited Resistance
  NR- Not Recommended
  * - Information Not Available

-------
- 12  -
                                        A-113
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A-114
- 13 -

RESISTANCE OF TYVEK® SPUNBONDED


Exposure
, - Concentration
Reagent %
Sulfuric Acid 1.0
11 " 10.0
" " 10.0
11 " 60.0
11 " 60.0
11 " 60.0
" " 80.0
" " 96.0
Hydrochloric Acid 1.0
11 " 10.0
" » 10.0
ii it 37 tQ
Nitric Acid 1.0
" " 10.0
" " 10.0
11 " 70.0
ii it 95>0
Phosphoric Acid 10.0
11 " 10.0
" " 85.0

Hydrofluoric Acid 10.0
Chromic Acid 10.0
Hydrobromic Acid 10.0
Sulfamic Acid 10.0






OLEFIN TYPE


Conditions
Temperature
F.
70
70
210
70
70
210
70
70
70
70
160
160
70
70
210
70
70
70
210
70

70
70
70
70






14 TO



Time
Hrs.
1000
1000
10
10
1000
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
10
10
1000
1000
10
10
1000
1000
10
10

10
10
10
10






ACIDS

Percent
Breaking
Strengtn
Retained
90-100
90-100
90- ICC
90-103
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100
80-90
80-90
90-100
90-100
90-100

90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100





-------
                       - 14 -
                                                            •--115
RESISTANCE OF TYVEK® SPUNBONDED  OLEFIN  TYPE  lH  TO BASES



Reagent




Ammonium Hydroxide
n
"
Sodium
n
n
"
Sodium
Sodium
n
11
Hydroxide
n
n
n
Carbonate
Orthosilicate

Exposure
Concentration
%
1.0
58.0
58.0
10.0
10.0
40. 0
40.0
1.0
1.0

Conditions
Temperature
°F .
70
70
70
70
210
70
210
70
210


Time
Hrs.
1000
10
1000
1000
10
1000
1C
1000
10
Percent
Breaki .:g
Strength
Retair?d
90-100
8C -'20
8C -0
90-100
80-90
90-100
90-100
90-100
90-100

-------
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A-116
                           - 15 -
  RESISTANCE OF TYVEK® SPUNBONDED OLEFIN TYPE 1*4 TO SALT SOLUTIONS

    The breaking strength of Tyvek® spunbonded olefin Type 14

was unaffected by exposure to the following salt solutions

under these conditions:

         •    Saturated solution


         •    ?0°F. temperature of exposure

         •    1,000 hours

Some yellowing was noted after exposure to ferrous and ferric

salt solutions.

                                              Magnesium Chloride

                                              Manganous Chloride

                                              Mercuric Chloride
Aluminum Chloride
Aluminum Sulfate
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Sulfate
Ammonium Thiocyanate
Cadmium Chloride

Calcium Chloride
Calcium Thiocyanate

Chromic Sulfate

Cobaltous Sulfate


Copper Chloride
Copper Sulfate

Ferric Ammonium Sulfate

Ferric Chloride
Ferric Citrate
Ferric Nitrate
Ferric Oxalate
Ferric Sulfate

Ferric Potassium Sulfate


Ferrous Sulfate
Nickel Chloride

Potassium Chloride
Potassium Thiocyanate

Silver Nitrate

Sodium Bisulfate
Sodium Bromide
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Fluoride
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrite
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Thiocyanate


Stannic Chloride

Stannous Bromide
Stannous Chlorica

Zinc Chloride

-------
-  16  -
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-------
I
 MSB
Data Sheet
13-01-06
Economy  Line
Rainwear    A19
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Application

MSA® Economy Line Rainwear gar-
ments are designed for construction
and general industrial use. Lightweight
jacket and pants resist water, acids,
heat, cold, aging, and industrial liquids.
Suit is disposable/reusable.
Description

MSA Economy Line Rainwear garments
are three-piece suits made of un-
supported 5-gauge polyvinylchloride
plastic. Seams are lapped and locked
for additional strength. Jacket has zip-
per front, cape back with three 2-inch
air vents, and underarm air vents. Pants
have a draw-string waistband. Hood
snaps to jacket. Suit is disposable/
reusable and available in 3 sizes:
Small,  Medium, and Large.
                                                                                   Data Sheet
                                                                                   13-01-06

-------
        A-120
                        Detachable hood
                        snaps to lacket,
                        has draw-string

                        Cape back with
                        three 2-inch
                        air vents
  Snap
  tapered sleeves
Ordering Information
Catalog numbers
            Economy Line, 3-piece suit
                                        Size
         Includes jacket, trousers and hood
                   Cat. No.
                                        Small
                   695173
                                        Medium
                    695174
                                        Large
                                                            695175
Note: This data sheet is a guide, containing
only a general description of construction,
properties, and use of MSA Economy Line
Rainwear garments. Before use refer to and
strictly follow all instructions, cautions, and
warnings on or with the product. For more
complete information, contact MSA
                   Mine Safety Apoliances Company
                   600 Penn Center Souievard
                   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235

At your service 25 branch offices in the United States,
MSA CANADA, Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon Edmonton Calgary, Vancouver,
representatives in principal cities of the world
Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                        Data Sheet 13-01-06
                                                                               Printed in U S A  774(L)

-------
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  The most complete line of economical,
reusable protective clothing available to
the tooa processing, industrial, medical
and nuclear fields.
  Reusable/disposable Durafab Hazard/
Guard garments are used wherever protective
clothing is required: in laboratories, food
processing and handling, nuclear power
plants, chemical plants, clean rooms,
automotive and service areas, for painting,
maintenance, highway work, warehousing
and visitor protection.
  All Durafab protective garments, except
for the PVC and reinforced celluiosic lines, are
made of tough, tear-free, snag- and
puncture-proof spunbonded olefin. They're
virtually unaffected by acids, acrylic lacquers,
most organic and inorganic chemicals and
have a slow penetration rate or total
resistance to most liquids.
  Durafab hazard/Xo-uard garments are full-
fashioned for comfort with rolled or bound
seams and polyester thread for less linting and
added strength.
  They can be worn comfortably over street
clothes; their opaque color eliminates
embarrassing show-through.
  All Durafab Hazard/Guards are treated
with a soluble anti-static agent to prevent
them from attracting dust and clinging.
  Durafab Hazard/Guards can be custom
designed for specific needs, including special
garment features as well as custom colors,
patterns, and coatings. Colors include white,
yellow, blue, green, magenta and fluorescent
orange for safety.

-------
  A-122
Shirt K4160
        Pants K4150
     Lab Coat
       K4120
Zippered Coveralls
      K4120Z
Reinforced cellulosics
  These garments are treated for water
repellancy and flame retardancy to afford
maximum economical protection. They have
a cloth-like quality of hand and drape and
are lightweight, strong and afford greater
wear and comfort.
                                              Shoe Covers
                                                 2200AC
                                              Head Covers
                                                 193FR
                        Headset Covers
                              2195
                                                                     Snoods
                                                                     194FR
                       Protective Accessories
                         Durafab manufactures a complete line of
                       economical, comfortable, high-quality items
                       for special purpose applications. These
                       include complete head protection-hair
                       covers, hard hat liners and covers, and hoods.
                       Durafab provides footing protection with low-
                       and high-top shoe covers and wing walks.
                       Other accessory items available are headset
                       covers, sleeve protectors, and bib aprons.
                       Durafab accessories are available in these
                       features: RegularTyvek, Porous, Striped
                       Porous, Polylaminated and Scrim Reinforced
                       Cellulosic. Special colors can be ordered for
                       specific applications.

-------
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                                                                               A-123
J
    Shop Coats
        2140
Hooded Coveralls
       2125
 Lab Coat
  P2140
Snap Coveralls
    P2120
      Smock
       2175
         IPifih-
    Coveralls
      2120
Slicker Suits
   P2180
  Sack Suits
    P2126
Durafab regular spunbonded olefin
protective garments.
  Perfect protection for those jobs requiring
worker/clothing protection from damaging
chemicals, dusts or other materials; in
extremely dirty areas; where limited linting is
desired; or where cleanliness from outside dirt
is required.
                     Polylaminated protective garments
                       Made of spunbonded olefin, these
                     protective garments are available in a variety
                     of styles to meet your requirements. These
                     garments are impervious to most liquids,
                     including acids, and feature yeiiow coloring
                     for added safety and positive identification.

-------
   A-124
Sold through authorized distributors only.
United States, Canada and Japan.
   DURA TAB
IfAl
\f/
COMPARATIVE TESTING DATA




Breaking Strength, Ibs
warp
filling
Elongation %
warp
filling
Tear Strength, Ibs
warp
Instron filling
Tear Strength, grams
warp
Elmendorf filling
Puncture, Ibs
Wear, Stoll, 1/8" bar, cycles
warp
Wear, Stoll, Inflated Diaphragm,
5 psia, 2 Ibs pressure, cycles
TaberAbrasion.CS 17, 500 g, cycles
WYCO, 600 grit, 6 Ib tension, 3V4 Ib , warp
pressure, cycles
WYCO, 180 grit, 6 Ib tension, 3'/2 Ib , warp
pressure, cycles
Stiffness in Ibs
warp
filling
Folding Endurance, cycles, warp
filling
Frazier Air Permeability, in 3/ft 2/24 hrs
Burst Strength, psi
Electrostatic Charge, Nanocoulombs
Conductivity, cal/cm/sec
Stencilability
Sealability
Resistance to HCI 37%
Resistance to H2SO4 90%
Resistance to h^O^ 50%
Resistance to Isopropyl Alcohol
Resistance to Acetic Acrd
Resistance to Ethylene Glycol
Resistance to Freon

Durafab
Disposable
Type 31

11 2
14 1

21 0
400

39
2 1

540
46.0
105

>5000

12
187

70

8

0025
0015
>5000
>5000
1 01
35
62
345x10'4
poor
poor
good
good
good
good
good
good
good
Disposable
Nonwoven
Fabric
(Control)

8
1 45

15%
53%

5
8

60
30
37

265

11
19

46

5

0007
0
0
0
400
14
2
3 79x1 O'4
—
—
poor
good
good
gooa
good
good
good
* , ,»tSZSIS5ANCe OF TYVEK
1

•SPUNBONDEDOLEFIN TO BASES I


Exposure Conditions
Reagent

Ammonium Hydroxide


Sodium Hydroxide
" "


Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Orthosilicate
Concentration
%
1.0
580
58.0
10.0
10.0
40.0
400
1.0
1.0
RESISTANCE OF TYVEK




Temperature
of
70
70
70
70
210
70
210
70
210
Time
Hrs
1000
10
1000
1000
10
1000
10
1000
10
{• "ctOn
B- 'iKmg
S^ength1"
Ty » e K a
Siyle1421
None
Slight
Slight
None
Sl.qht
None
None
None
None
"SPUNBONDED OLEFIN TO ACIDS




Exposure Conditions
Reagent

SulfuncAcid



" "

"

Hydrochloric Acid



Nitric Acid

" "


Phosphoric Acid

Hydrofluoric Acid
Chromic Acid
Hydrobromic Acid
Sulfamic Acid
Concentration
%
1 0
100
100
600
60 0
60 0
80 0
96 0
1 0
10 0
10 0
370
1 0
100
10 0
700
95 0
100
10 0
850
100
10 0
100
100
Temperature
of
70
70
210
70
70
210
70
70
70
70
160
160
70
70
210
70
70
70
210
70
70
70
70
70
Time
Hrs
1000
1000
10
10
1000
10
1000
1000
1000
1000
"* 0
10
1000
1000
10
10
1000
1000
10
10
10
10
10
10
Effect On
Breaking
Strength +
Tyvek®
Style 1421
None
None
Nonp
None
None
None
*,z~^
None I
\c--
None
None
None
None
None
None
Slight
Slight
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
   General Offices
    P. O. Box 658
    1102 Kilpatrick
Cleburne, Texas 76031
Printed in U.S.A,

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                OUR LINE W RUBBER FOOTWEAR
    HAS THE WIDEST STRETCH IN THE  BUSINESS.
                                                                                                            A-12
                                    The Ranger line stretches all the way from
                                lightweight sports boots to metatarsal guard
                                hip-boots with all kinds of models in between
                                    And there's a model tor every occupation-
                                fire-fighting, factory work, farming, food and
                                beverage plants
                      With and without steel toes, steel micisoles,
                   non-skid outsoles; suction grip bottoms.
                      Durability is assured with Ranger's exc'osive
                   Poly-rubber formulation that resists cracking,
                   abrasion, grease and caustics. Ranger may be
                   tough, but they have all the needed soft touches,
                   too, like felt linings and cushion insoles for all
                   day comfort
                      Your local Ranger distributor is the man to
                   contact for the industry's most complete line of
                   rubber footwear—and that's not stretching the
                   truth a bit. If your local distributor doesn't have
                       the type you need, call or write- John
                            O'Brien, V.P., Ranger Rubber Co.,
                              1100 East Mam St., Endicott,
                              ^N.Y. 13760  [607)785-9911.
                                                                                          R/tNGER
                                      Use # 107 On Reader's Card (End of Book)
     SOCK—INSULATING—COLD WEATHER
   Lightweight and durable, these socks use such ma-
terials as foam or quilted synthetics to insulate  the feet,
keeping them warm in cold weather. Insulating socks can
be worn inside pacs, boots and various types of rubber
footwear. The socks are usually non-absorbent and wash-
able.

*Refrigiwear Inc., 71-T Inip Dr., Inwood, NY 11696

             PAC—HIGH VISIBILITY
   Heavy  duty, acid resistant  pacs made with  daylight
fluorescent or bright  yellow pigments may be used in
conjunction with  similarly made clothing to draw atten-
tion to the  wearer. RECOMMENDED USES: In con-
struction, maintenance or industries where the worker
may be endangered by the actions of others.
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th &  Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105
     OVERSHOE—RUBBER OR SYNTHETIC
   Rubber overshoes, 10 Vz to 15 inches high, are worn
over regular dress or work shoes. Buckles, snaps, lacings
or draw strings at the top  held to protect the feet and
•frSee Advertisement & Index to Distributors.
lower legs from water. Rubber uppers are waterproof and
resistant  to most  chemicals. Synthetic rubber or plastic
uppers are recommended where oils  and grease may be
encountered.  RECOMMENDED  USES: For miners,
pipeline  and  petroleum  workers,  chemical  workers,
farmers, fishermen, dock workers, wash rack men, etc.

         NATURAL RUBBER OVERSHOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe  Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN  37'01
*lron Age Shoe Co., 2406 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh,  PA 15205
*La Crosse Rubber Mills Co., Dept. B, La  Crosse, Wl 54601
*Lehigh Safety Shoe  Co., First & Minor Sts.,  Emmaus, PA 18049
*Ranger Rubber Co., I 100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf  Sts.. Allentown, PA  18105
*Snyder, M.L, Div. Boss Mfg. Co., 221 W. 1st St., Kewanee, IL 61443
*Surety Rubber Co.,  The, Box 97-G-I2, Carrollton, OH 44615
*Tingley Rubber Corp., 280 South Ave., S.  Plain-field, NJ 07080
*Uniroyal Protective  Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770

             SYNTHETIC OVERSHOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe  Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN  37401
*lron Age Shoe Co., 2406 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15205
*Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts.,  Alientown, PA 18105
*Snyder, M. L, Div. Boss Mfg. Co., 221 W. 1st St., Kewanee, IL 61443
*Tingley Rubber Corp., 280 South Ave., S.  Plainfield, NJ 07080
*Wheeler  Protective Apparel Inc., 226 W.  Huron St., Chicago, IL
  60610

  RUBBER OVERSHOE WITH  ANTI-SLIP SOLE
*Lehigh Safety Shoe  Co., First  & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
*Ranger Rubber Co., I 100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts.,  Allentown, PA 18105
•^Standard Safety  Equipment Co., 431 N. Quentin Rd.,  Palatine, iL
  60067
*Tingley Rubber Corp., 280 South Ave., S.  Plainfield, NJ C70SO
*Unlroyal  Protective  Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770

                                                  243

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  A-126
   OTHER MANUFACTURERS of  Rubber  or Synthetic  Rubber
         Overshoes: (For addresses, see Source Index)
Converse Rubber Co.         _    Fiasco
Dorsey Co.,  John E.             Record  Indjstrial Co.
Goodall Rubber Co.              Servus Rubber Co., The
Olympic Glove Co. Inc.

          OVERSHOE—HIGH VISIBILITY
  Heavy duty, acid resistive  overshoes  made with day-
light fluorescent or bright yellow pigments may be used
in conjunction with similarly  made clothing to  draw at-
tention  to  the wearer.  RECOMMENDED  USES: In
construction  or industries  where the  worker  may be
endangered by the  actions of others.

*Surety Rubber Co., The, Box  97-G-I2, Carrollton, OH 4461 5
^Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck,  CT  06770

            WORK RUBBER—CLEATED
  Rubbers with built-in rubber cleats give traction on wet
floor surfaces, ice and snow,  or other uncertain footing.
RECOMMENDED USES: Particularly useful for dairies,
meat packing plants, and other industries where wet floors
are a common hazard.

*Dorsey  Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market St.,  Chattanooga, TN 37401
*Lehigh  Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
*Safety  First Shoes Inc., 9th  & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105
*Tingley Rubber Corp., 280 South  Ave.. S. Plainfield,  NJ 07080
^Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck,  CT  06770
         WORK RUBBER—HEAVY DUTY
   These rubbers are strongly constructed for wear over
shoes. Made in a variety of styles, the heavy duty rubber
gives  protection against shallow water  and underfoot
dampness. RECOMMENDED  USES: For farmers, rail-
road men, construction workers, truck drivers, policemen
and industrial  workers. For specially  designed rubbers
suitable for linemen, see the Lineman's Clothing & Safety
Equipment section.

*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co.,  1220 Market St., Chattanooga,  TN 37401
*lron Age Shoe Co, 2406 Woodmere  Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15205
*La Crosse Rubber Mills Co., Dept. B, La Crosse, Wl 54601
*Lenigh Safety Shoe Co.,  First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA  18049
*Ranger Rubber Co., I 100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
•ArSafety First Shoes Inc.,  9th & Greenleaf Sts.,  Allentown, PA 18105
*Tingley Rubber Corp., 280 South Ave., S. Plainfield,  NJ 07080
•*Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
        WOK C RUBBER—OIL RESISTANT
   For wear over work shoes as protection against under-
foot dampness and  shallow puddles,  these rubbers  are
made  of  synthetics  which make them resistant to oils,
greases, and acids. RECOMMENDED USES:  Suitable
for garage workers, machinists, oil workers, etc.

*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market  St., Chattanooga,  TN 37401
*lron Age  Shoe Co., 2406 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh, PA  15205
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th  & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown,  PA 18105
*Tingley Rubber  Corp.,  280 South Ave., S. Plainfield, NJ 07080
^Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
*Wolverine  Products,  Dept.  CP, Wolverine World Wide Inc., Rock-
  ford,  Ml 49351

        GENERAL MANUFACTURERS of Work  Rubbers:
              (For  addresses, see  Source Index)
Dorsey Co., John E.              Plasco
Goodail  Rubber Co.              Record Industrial Co.
         For Other Manufacturers,  see general list below
 244
               RUBBER WORK SHOE
   Industrial work shoes of the 6-inch style, with or with-
out safety toes are available in natural rubber, which is
waterproof, impervious to most chemicals, and provides
insulation against  electricity;  and in synthetic rubber,
which is highly resistant to the  deteriorating effects  of
oils and grease, as well as many chemicals. Rubber shoes
may have built-in metal safety toe caps and also meta-
tarsal  guards.  RECOMMENDED USES:  Food process-
ing, creamery, bottling, washing, etc.

  NATURAL RUBBER WITHOUT SAFETY TOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co.,  1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN 37401
*Ranger Rubber Co., I 100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
*Uniroyal  Protective Footwear,  Naugatuck, CT 06770
^Wolverine Products, Dept. CP, Wolverine World  Wide Inc., Rock-
  ford, Ml 49351

    NATURAL RUBBER WITH SAFETY  TOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, IN 37401
*lron Age Shoe  Co, 2406 Woodmere Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15205
"fcLehigh Safety Shoe Co.,  First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
*On Gard Industrial Footwear, 5516 W. Cermak Rd., Cicero, 1L 60650
*Ranger Rubber Co., 1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105
*Snyder,  Ml., Div. Boss Mfg. Co., 221 W. 1st St., Kewanee, IL 61443
*Uniroyal  Protective  Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
*Wolverine Products, Dept. CP, Wolverine World  Wide Inc., Rock-
  ford, Ml 49351

 SYNTHETIC RUBBER WITHOUT SAFETY  TOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, IN 37401
*Safety First Shoes  Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105

    SYNTHETIC RUBBER WITH SAFETY  TOE
*Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe  Co., 1220 Market St.. Chattanooga, TN 37401
*Knapp Saf-Test Div., ATT: E. Gravlin, I  Knapp  Centre, Brockton,
   MA 02401
*On Gard Industrial Footwear, 5516 W. Cermak Rd., Cicero,  IL 60650
*Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Dept. H. Box 496, Columbus, NB
   68601
^Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105

                         •ASee Advertisement &  Index to Distributors.

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   How to  buy  a
                                No zippers or clasps to   ^K          Rubb
                                                                                                  A-12
    Real, live, stretchable rubber.
    Won't crack or stiffen
    in cold weather.
 Reinforcement
 at wear points.'
   No lining.__
 Completely washable
 Wipes dry quickly.


Bellows action (air exchange
ventilates feet. Keeps
them warm  and dry.
       catch, tear or rust.
Rubber button closure.
     out rain,
   snow and wetness.
                                                                              Sturdy Hi-Top
                                                                              work rubber.
                                          Four sizes
                                          fit your
                                          whole plant.

                                          Also in neoprene.

                                          Sold through
                                          safety and industrial
                                          equipment distributors.
                                      Thick soles
                                      for long wear.
     Light weight.
     Only 13'/4 oz.
                       17* knee
                       high boot.
               TINGLEY RUBBER CORPORATION, 280 SOUTH AVE., S. PLAINFIELD, N.J. 07080

                                   Use # 106 On Reader's Card (End of Book)
  OTHER MANUFACTURERS of Firefighter Boots: (For addresses,
                  see Source Index)
Fyrepel Products Inc.
Goodall Rubber Co.
Fiasco
Servus Rubber Co.
        BOOT—RUBBER—CONDUCTIVE

  These  rubber  boots are designed  to  ground  static
charges built up in potentially explosive atmospheres.
They are  used in conjunction with grounded conductive
floors. Metal fittings and safety toe box, where necessary,
are  coated with non-ferrous metal to  prevent sparking.
To  ensure good electrical contact with the conductive
sole, the wearer should avoid foot powders and silk or
woolen stockings, and should keep the sole free of oils.
RECOMMENDED USES: For  workers in explosive
atmospheres of grain or metal dusts, volatile  flammable
liquids, etc.

            WITHOUT SAFETY TOE
*Custom Materials Inc., 279 Billerica Rd., Chelmsford,  MA 01824
*Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
*Ranger Rubber Co., 1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760

              WITH SAFETY  TOE
*Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049


  BOOT—MOLDED  RUBBER—STRETCH TYPE

  Molded rubber boots stretch to fit  over all  types of
shoes, including heavy work shoes,  within each  size range.
RECOMMENDED USES: Ordinary rubber is available

•frSea Advertisement & Index to Distributors.
                         for water or snow service and a neoprene synthetic serves

                         to protect against oil, grease, barnyard acids or chemicals.

                         *lron Age Shoe Co., 2406 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15205
                         ^Knapp Saf-Test Div., ATT:  E. Graviin, I Knapp Centre, Brockton,
                          MA 02401
                         *Ranger Rubber Co.,  1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
                         *Safety First  Shoes Inc., 9th  & Greenleaf Sts., Allentown, PA 18105
                         *Tingley Rubber Corp.. 280  South Ave., S. Plainfield, NJ 07080

                             (Ofher  Manufacturers: (For addresses, see Source Index)

                         Fiasco                       Record Industrial Co.

                         BOOT—SAFETY TOE—METATARSAL GUARD

                           This type of rubber boot has a jointed steel  plate that

                         protects the instep as well as the toes while allowing full

                                     (CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)

                                                                      241

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   A-128
mobility for the foot. The entire assembly moves on steel
rivets which insures the ability  to flex the foot freely and
naturally.  Thick  foam padding surrounds  the  plate  to
absorb  and distribute shock. RECOMMENDED  USES:
For workers likely to encounter falling or roiling objects,
such as miners, firemen, etc.
*lron Age Shoe Co., 2i06 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15205
"fcKnapp  Saf-Test  Div.,  ATT: E. Gravlin,  I Knapp Centre,  Brockton,
  MA 02401
*Lehigh  Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts.,  Emmaus, PA 18049
*Ranger Rubber Co., MOO E.  Main St., Endicott, NY  13760
*Safety  First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown, PA ISI05
*Steel Grip Safety Apparel Co.  Inc., 700 Garfield St.,  Danville,  IL
  6I832
      Other Manufacturers: (For addresses, see Source Index)
Fiasco                          Servus Rubber  Co.,  The

     BOOT—RUBBER—STEEL INNERSOLE—
                     SAFETY  TOE
   A rubber boot with both a safety toe and a steel inner-
sole to  protect the wearer against injury from  falling,
rolling,  and impact hazards as well as  from  punctures
from nails, glass,  and  other  sharp objects. The steel
innersole is fully flexible and runs  the entire length of the
boot. RECOMMENDED  USES: Used  by construction
workers, ditch diggers, foundry workers, miners,  etc.
*Lehigh Safety Shoe Co.,  First &  Minor Sts., Emmaus,  PA  18049
*Ranger  Rubber Co.,  MOO E. Main St.,  Endicott, NY I3760
*Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown,  PA 18105
+Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
*Wolverine Products, Dept. CP, Wolverine  World  Wide Inc., Rock-
  ford, Ml 49351
      Other Manufacturers: (For addresses,  see  Source Index)
Fyrepel  Products  lnc.^_-            Fiasco
 Goodall Rubber Co.
Servus Rubber Co., The
                                                            struction  men and other outdoor  workers, and also for
                                                            food  processing,  washing and similar  indoor  workers.
                                                            Available  with or without the  safety toe,  which gives
                                                            added protection against falling and moving objects. Pacs
                                                            of synthetic materials resist oils and greases.

                                                                 RUBBER PAC  WITHOUT SAFETY  TOE
                                                            *Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co.,  1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN 37401
                                                            *La Crosse Rubber Mills Co., Dept.  B, La Crosse, Wl 54601
                                                            *Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus,  PA 18049
                                                            *Ranger Rubber Co.,  1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY  13760
                                                            *Snyder, M.L., Div. Boss Mfg. Co., 221 W. 1st St., Kewanee, IL 61443
                                                            *Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
                     PAC—RUBBER
   A short boot 10 or 15 in. high, with laces or straps to
 give a snug fit around  the  leg. The rubber pac protects
 the feet and lower legs from water and dampness and also
 keeps gravel and chips from getting inside the footwear.
 RECOMMENDED USES: Designed  for miners,  con-
 242
                                     RUBBER PAC WITH SAFETY TOE
                             *Dorsey  Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN 37401
                             *lron Age Shoe Co., 2406 Woodmere Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15205
                             *Lehigh  Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
                             *Ranger Rubber Co.,  1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
                             ^Safety  First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown, PA  18105
                             *Snyder, M. L., Div. Boss Mfg. Co., 221 W. 1st St., Kewanee, IL 61443
                             •fcUniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770

                              OIL RESISTANT PAC WITHOUT SAFETY  TOE
                             *Safety  First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown, PA  18105
                             *Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770

                                OIL RESISTANT  PAC  WITH  SAFETY  TOE
                             *Ranger Rubber Co., MOO E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
                             *Safety  First Shoes Inc., 9th & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown, PA  18105
                             *Uniroyal Protective Footwear, Naugatuck, CT 06770
                                 OTHER MANUFACTURERS of Rubber Pacs: [For addresses,
                                                  see Source  Index)
                                                            Fiasco
                                                            Record Industrial Co.
                                                            Servus Rubber Co., The
Converse  Rubber Co.
Dorsey Co., John E.
Goodall  Rubber Co.
Goodrich Co.,  B. F.
                                    PAC—RUBBER—COLD  INSULATION
                                Various types of rubber boots and pacs are available
                             for personnel exposed to cold weather or working condi-
                             tions. To insulate the feet,  the footwear has an inner
                             liner which may be of plastic foam, nylon fleece, wool,
                             etc. Models  generally feature anti-slip  soles  for added
                             safety.
                             *Dorsey Safe-T-Shoe Co., 1220 Market St., Chattanooga, TN 37401
                             *La Crosse Rubber Mills Co., Dept. B,  La Crosse, Wl 54601
                             *Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., First & Minor Sts., Emmaus, PA 18049
                             *Ranger Rubber Co.,  1100 E. Main St., Endicott, NY 13760
                             *Safety First Shoes Inc., 9th  & Greenleaf Sts., Ailentown,  PA 18105
                             *Uniroyal  Protective Footwear, Naugatuck,  CT 06770
                                   Other Manufacturers: (For addresses,  see Source Index)
                             Converse Rubber Co.             Goodall Rubber Co.
                             Dorsey Co., John  E.             Servus  Rubber Co., The
                                                       VfSee Advertisement & Index  to Distributors.

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                                                 Data Sheet
                                                 13-00-18
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                                     Molded
                                     Handwear       29
             Application

             MSA* unsupported gloves are made of a
             variety of specially compounded mate-
             rials: natural-latex and nitrile-latex,
             neoprene, milled-mtnle, (Buna-N), and
             butyl synthetic-rubbers. The variety of
             materials available makes it possible to
             match the glove to the need for resist-
             ance to chemical solutions, solvents,
             abrasives, gases, and to punctures.
             abrasion, tearing,  etc. MSA Industrial
             Gloves are widely recognized for their
             durability under continuous service.
             Check the MSA Glove Selection Guide
             on Page 2 for the glove material best
             suited to your needs.

             Description

             Natural-latex gloves
             MSA Natural-latex Gloves are known
             for their comfortable curved finger
             design, their pliability and their long-
             wearing characteristics. A special
             treatment on the inside and outside of
             the natural latex assures easy-on and
             easy-off, and no tack. Natural-latex
             gloves are recommended for resistance
to many acids and caustics, abrasions
occurring in sandblasting, grinding and
polishing, and for general-purpose use.
  Unlined natural-latex gloves are
USDA-accepted for meat and poultry
plants.

Butyl synthetic-rubber gloves
MSA Butyl Gloves provide protection
from a variety of toxic chemicals.
Butyl compounding ensures high  im-
permeability to gases, chemicals and
water vapor, and resistance to oxida-
tion and ozone attack.

Neoprene synthetic-rubber gloves
MSA Neoprene Gloves offer resistance
to oils, greases, petroleum hydro-
carbons, acids, and caustics. They
have good pliability and finger dexter-
ity, high density and tensile strength,
and high tear resistance.

Milled-nitrile (Buna-N) gloves
MSA Milled-nitrile Gloves are designed
for mechanically severe uses that re-
quire touch sensitivity and dexterity.
They are exceptionally sheer, yet they
stand up under mechanical use even
after prolonged exposure to substances
that cause other glove materials to
deteriorate.
Nitrile-latex gloves
MSA Nitrile-latex Gloves are made of
acrylonitrile synthetic rubber. They are
intended for jobs requiring dexterity
and sensitivity and good contol of
cleanliness. These green gloves have
good resistance to a broad variety of
chemicals and excellent resistance to
abrasion, puncturing, snagging, and
tearing.
Heavy-duty natural-rubber gloves
MSA Natural-rubber Gloves have three
important characteristics: maximum
pliability over a wide temperature
range; long-term resistance to indus-
trial chemicals and acids; curved
fingers for wearer comfort.
                                                                                                           Data Sheet
                                                                                                           13-00-18

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        A-130
Selecting the glove
for the job
Length
Most MSA gloves are available in sev-
eral lengths from 11 inches to 18
inches. Choose the length that best
suits your particular needs.
Weight
Weight
Light
Medium
Heavy
Extra-Heavy
Approx.
thickness
in. (mm)
.010 to .01 7
(.25 to .43)
.01810.025
(.46 to .64)
.026 to .030
(.66 to .76)
.050 to .065
(1.27 to 1.65)
Heavy (thick) gloves wear longer and
resist snags, abrasions, and punctures
better than light (thin) gloves of the
same material. But because light
gloves are thin, they offer flexibility and
sensitivity to the touch for jobs in which
dexterity is important.

Finish
MSA gloves are available in smooth,
rough or embossed finishes. Smooth
finish gloves in light and medium
weights are recommended for jobs
where sensitive touch is important.
Rough or embossed gloves are rec-
ommended where a firm, nonslip grip
is necessary.

Size
MSA gloves range in size from 7 to 11.
The lighter weights  are usually avail-
able in sizes 7 to 11, the heavy gaunt-
let types in 9 to 11.

Material
Gloves in individual use must resist
various chemical products and atmos-
pheres,  and types of mechanical abuse.
The following charts list the physical
and chemical-resistance characteris-
tics of MSA Molded Handwear.

Lining
Lined gloves are flock lined with cotton
fibers.
Comparative
physical characteristics
Key: E—excellent; G—good; F—fair;  P—poor
Characteristic
Tensile strength
Elongation
Tear resistance
Abrasion resistance
Ozone resistance
Sunlight aging
Shelf-life aging*
Neoprene
G
E
F
G
E
E
F
Natural
latex or
rubber
G
E
G
G
F
F
E
Milled
nitrile
F
G
F
E
P
G
E
Butyl
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
Nitrile
latex
E
G
F
E
P
G
E
                                       Gloves stored in original containers at
                                       room temperature in dry location. Fluores-
                                       cent light and exposure to ozone-
                                        producing motors can damage gloves not
                                        properly packaged or protected.

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MSA Natural-latex Gloves
                36788
                37112
MSA Latex Gloves are made from nat-
ural liquid latex processed for extra-
high tensile strength. These gloves,
with their excellent wearing qualities,
pliability, and comfort are recom-
mended for use in most water solutions
of acids, alkalies and salts and in
ketones.
Cat. No.
Size
Finish
Color
Approx.
thickness,
in. (mm)
Length,
in. (cm)
Packing
Unlined
36788
36789
36790
37110
7V2
8
9
10
Embossed
Tan
.017
(.43)
12
(30)
Bulk
12 pr.
Flock-lined
37183
37978
37112
37113
7V2
8
9
10
Embossed,
Lined
Tan
.017
(.43)
12
(30)
Bulk
12pr.
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MSA Heavy-duty Natural-
rubber Gloves (acid type)

                37180
In MSA Natural-rubber Gloves, high-
quality latex rubber content ensures
maximum pliability in a broad range of
temperatures. These gloves stand up
under years of service in industrial
chemicals and acids. Curved fingers
provide comfort and flexibility.
Cat. No.
36683
36684
36685
36686
36688
36690
37180
37181
37182
Size
9
10
11
9
10
11
9
10
11
Finish
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
Color
Tan
Tan
Tan
Approx.
thickness,
in. (mm)
.050
(1.27)
.050
(1.27)
.025
(.64)
Length,
in. (cm)
18
(46)
14
(36)
14
(36)

-------
       A-132
MSA Nitrile-latex (Water
Based Compounding)
Synthetic-rubber Gloves
MSA Nitrile-latex Gloves are made of
acrylomtrile latex synthetic rubber,
which is outstanding in its resistance to
a broad range of chemical materials:
acids, alcohols, alkalies, ammonia,
animal fats, battery acid, cleaning
fluids, commercial solvents and de-
greasers, emulsifying agents, esters,
grease, hydraulic fluid, kerosene,
naphtha, oils, petroleum derivatives,
phenol, photographic solutions, plating
and pickling solutions, printing ink,
Stoddard's solvent, turpentine, vege-
table oils,  wood preservatives. These
gloves, in  addition to their ability to
Cat. No.
695229
695230
695232
695234
695235
695236
695237
695239
695241
695242
695243
695244
695245
695246
695247
695248
Size
7
8
9
10
11
7
8
9
10
11
9
10
11
9
10
11
Finish
Embossed
Embossed
(Flock lined)
Smooth
Smooth
Color
Green
Green
Green
Green
Approx.
thickness,
in. (mm)
.014
(.36)
.014
(.36)
.026
(.66)
.026
(.66)
Length,
in. (cm)
12
(31)
12
(31)
14
(36)
18
(46)
resist a broad range of chemical mate-
rials, are also less expensive than
Nitrile Synthetic Gloves.
  These green gloves are suitable
for work situations in which cleanliness
is critical—workers and supervisors
can tell when gloves need to be
changed or cleaned.This is particularly
important where glove staining warns
of accumulation of harmful solvents
or substances such as tetraethyl lead.
MSA Milled- nitrile
(Buna-N) Gloves
MSA Milled-mtrile Synthetic Rubber
Gloves have remarkable resistance to
many greases, oils, solvents, and
chemicals. These gloves give extra-
long wear with good resistance to abra-
sion and exceptionally good resistance
to punctures, snagging, and extreme
temperatures.
Cat. No.
Size
Finish
Color
Approx.
thickness.
in. (mm)
Length,
in. (cm)
Unlined
38874
38875
38876
36740
36741
38908
38909
38910
38911
38912
36750
36751
36752
36756
36757
36758
71/2
8
9
10
11
71/2
8
9
10
11
9
10
11
9
10
11
Smooth
Rough
Smooth*
Smooth*
Black
Black
Black
Black
.010
(.25)
.010
(.25)
.030
(.76)
.030
(.76)
11
(28)
11
(28)
14
(36)
18
(46)
Flock-lined
695211
695212
695213
695214
71/2
8
9
10
Embossed
Black
.011
(.28)
12
(31)
                                       Available in rough finish upon request.

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                                                                                                    A-133
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 MSA Butyl-rubber Gloves
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                38551
 MSA Butyl-rubber Gloves show unusu-
 ally high resistance to oxidation and
 oxidizing chemicals. They are ideally
 suited for use with  nitric acid, suifunc
 acid, hydrofluoric acid, rocket fuels.
 and peroxide. These gloves have high
 abrasion resistance and remain flexible
 at low temperatures.
 MSA Neoprene Gloves
Cat. No.
38551
38552
38553
38554
38555
38556
Size
9
10
11
9
10
11
Finish
Smooth
Smooth
Color
Black
Black
Approx.
thickness,
in. (mm)
.017
(.43)
.032
(.81)
Length,
in. (cm)
14
(36)
14
(36)
                695210
Cat. No.
Size
Finish
Color
Approx.
thickness,
in. (mm)
Unlined
36714
36715
36716
36718
36719
36720
9
10
11
9
10
11
Smooth
Smooth
Black
Black
.030
(.76)
.030
(-76)
Length,
in. (cm)

14
(36)
18
(46)
Flock-lined*
695208
695209
695210
8
9
10
Embossed,
Lined
Black
.018
(.46)
13
(33)
Neoprene has been tested and ap-
proved by thousands of users ail over
the world. Products made from this
long-wearing synthetic will not deterio-
rate from age or exposure to sunlight.
It makes an ideal protective material
for the hands because it is almost com-
* Also available in sizes 7 and 11.
pletely free of any allergens that might
irritate sensitive skin.
  MSA Neoprene Gloves are highly
resistant to most of tne oils, greases,
solvents, and caustics used in modern
industry. In many cases, neoprene and
natural latex gloves have almost equal
resistance qualities, but neoprene
gloves are always superior in oils,
greases, and petroleum solvents. They
provide excellent protection from paint
and varnish remover, naphtha, alcohol,
gasoline, lacquer, turpentine, acids.
and manv other fluids and solutions.

-------
Comparative chemical resistance
Key: E—excellent; G—good;  F—fair; P—poor; NR—not recommended;  '—limited service
                                                                                                                 d
Chemical
A'Acetaidehyde
Acetate
Acetic acid
•Acetone
Acetylene gas
Acetylene tetrachlonde
Acrylonitnle
Amidol
Amine hardeners
Ammonium hydroxide
"Amyl acetate
Amyl alcohol
Anhydrous ammonia
Aniline
Aniline hydrochlonde
Aniline oil
Animal fats
Animal oils
Anodex
Anthracene
•Aromatic fuels
Arsine
Asbestos
Asphalt
B Banana oil
•Benzaldehyde
•Benzene
Benzol
•Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate
"Benzyl chloride
Blacosolve
Boron tribromide
B rom ine
Bromoform
Butane
2-Butanone
Butyl acetate
Butyl alcohol
•Butylaldehyde
Butylene

C Cadmium oxide fume
Calcium hydroxide
Carbolic acid
Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
"Carbon tetrachlonde
Castor oil
Cellosolve
Cellosolve acetate
Chlordane
Chlorine gas
*Chlorobenzene
•Chloroacetone
Cnlorobromomethane
'Chloroform
Chloronaphthalene
Chlorophenylene diamine
Chloropicnn
*Chloroinene
Chromic acid
Chromotex
Citric acid
Coal tar pitch volatiles
Cottonseed oil
Cotton dust (raw)
Creosote
Cresol
Cupric nitrate
Cyanide
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
•Cyclohexanone
Neo-
prene
E
G
E
G
E
F
G
G
F
E
F
E
G
G
F
F
E
E
G
F
P
E
E
G
F
F
P
P
E
G
F
G
G
G
G
E
G
G
E
G
E

E
E
E
E
F
F
F
F
G
G
G
F
F
F
G
F
G
p
P
F
G
E
F
G
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
Natural
atex or
rubber
G
F
E
E
E
NR
F
E
F
E
P
E
E
F
G
G
P
F
E
P
NR
E
E
F
P
F
NR
NR
E
F
P
P
P
p
P
F
G
F
E
G
G

E
E
E
E
F
P
P
G
F
F
p
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
p
NR
P
G
E
P
G
E
G
G
G
G
F
F
E
Milled
nitrile
G
P
E
P
E
F
F
F
G
E
P
E
E
P
P
P
E
C

F
F
E
E
E
P
G
F
F
E
G
F
G
P
p
P
E
F
P
E
E
E

E
E
F
E
F
G
E
G
G
G
p
F
P
P
F
E
F
F
p
F
F
G
E
F
E
E
F
F
E
G
G
E
F
Butyl
E
G
E
E
E
F
G
E
G
E
F
E
E
F
F
F
G
G
E
P
NR
E
E
F
F
G
NR
NR
E
F
G
P
P
p
P
F
G
F
E
G

E
E
E
E
F
P
F
G
G
F
G
F
E
P
P
F
F
p
NR
F
G
E

F
E
G
G
E
G
F
G
G
Nitrile
latex
G
P
E
P
E
F
F
F
G
E
P
E
E
P
P
p
E
E

F
F
E
E
E
P
G
F
F
E
G
F
G
P
p
P
E
F
P
E
E
E

E
E
F
E
F
G
E
G
G
G
F
P
P
F
E
F
F
p
F
F
G
E
F
E
E
F
F
E
G
G
E
F
Chemical
D Decaborane
Degreasing fluids
Diacetone alcohol
Diborane
•Dibenzyl ether
•Dibutyl phthalate
Dichloroethane
Dichloropropene
Diesel fuel
Diethanolamme
Diethylamme
Diethyltnamine
Dusobutyl ketone
Dnsocyanate
Dimethylformamide
Dtoctvl phthalate
Dioxane

E Emulsifying agent
Emulthogene
Epichforohydrm
Epoxy resins, dry
•Esters
Ethane gas
Ethanol
Ethers
•Ethyl acetate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl bromide
•Ethyl ether
Ethyl butyl ketone
Ethyl formate
*Ethylanilme
Ethylenediamme
•Ethylene dichlonde
Ethylene gas
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene oxide
*Ethylene trichloride
F Fatty acids
Ferrocyanide
Fluoric acid
Fluorine
Fluorine gas
Formatdehyde
Formic acid
Freon 11
Freon 12
Freon 21
Freon 22
•Furfural
G Gasoline, leaded
Gasoline, unleaded
Glycerine
Glycerol
Glycol
Gold ;' joride
Gram alcohol

H Halogens
Hexamethylenetetramine
Hexane
Hexyl acetate
Hydraulic oil
ester base
petroleum base
Hydrazme
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen gas
Hydrogen peroxide — 30%
Hydrofluosilicic acid
Hydroqumone
Neo-
prene
F
F
E
F
G
G
P
P
G
E
E
G
P
G
F
G
E

G
G
G
E
F
E
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
E
F
E
E
G
F
E
F
e
G
G
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
G
E

G
F
F
F

E
G
F
E
E
E
G
F
G
Natural
latex or
rubber
P
P
E
P
G
P
NR
P
P
G
G
F
F
P
F
P
G

F
F
P
E
P
G
E
G
F
E
G
F
F
G
P
G
E
F
P
P
G
G
f
F
E
E
P
P
P
P
G
P
P
E
E
E
E
E

F
G
P
P

P
P
G
G
G
E
G
G
G
Milled
nitrile
F
G
E
F
F
G
F
F
E
E
E
Butyl
F
P
E
F
G
G
NR
F
P
E
G
Nitrile
latex
F
G
E
F
F
G
F
F
c
E
~
E G ' -:
P
G
G
E
G

E
G
F
E
P
E
E
G
F
E
P
G
P
G
P
E
P
E
E
G
G
E
G
E
F
F
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

F
F
G
P

F
E
G
G
G
E
G
G
F
G | P
E : ~
G
F
G

E
E
G
E
f
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
G
G
F
E
E
P
F
E
E
G
G
E
E
F
F
F
F
G
F
F
E
E
E
E
E

G
G
P
F

G
P
G
G
G
E
G
G
G

—
:

C.
G
F
E
P
E
E
G
F
E
P
G
P
G
P
E
P
E
E
G
G
E
G
E
F
F
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

F
F
G
p

F
E
G
G
G
E
G
G
C
 This chart gives the relative resistance
 ratings of various glove materials to
 solutions commonly used in industry.
 When selecting gloves for applications
 not listed, write Mine Safety Appliances
Company, 600 Penn Center Boulevard,
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235, and give as
much detailed information as possible
according to the following  points:
1.  Chemical composition of the solu-
tion. 2.  Degree of concentration
(strength) of the solution. 3. Temper-
ature conditions.  4. Abrasive effects of
materials being handled. 5. Time
cycle of usage.

-------
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                                                                                                       A-13 5
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Chemical
1 Inorganic salts
Iodine
Isooctane
Isopropanol
Isopropyl alcohol

K Kerosene
Ketones
L Lacquer thmners
Lactic acid
Laurie acid
Lmeoleic acid
Linseed oil
M Maleic acid
Mercuric chloride
Mercury
Methane gas
Methanol
Methyl acetate

Methylamme
Methyl bromide
Methyl cellosolve
•Methyl chloride
•Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl formate
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
•Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Mineral oils
•Monochloro benzene
Monoethanolamme
Morphohne
Muriatic acid

N Naphthalene
Naphthas, aliphatic
Naphthas, aromatic
•Nitric acid
•Nitric acid, red and
white fuming
•Nitrobenzene
•Nitroethane
Nitrogen gas
•Nitromethane
•Nitropropane
Nitrous oxide
O Octyl alcohol
Oleic acid
Oxalic acid
Oxygen, liquid

P Paint thmners
Paint and varnish removers
Palmitic acid
•Paradichlorobenzene
Parathion
Pentaborane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentane
Perchloric acid
Perchloroethylene
Perklene
Permachlor
Petroleum distillates
(naphtha)
Petroleum spirits
Phenol
Phenylenediamme
Phenylhydrazine
Phil-solv

Neo-
prene
E
G
F
E
E

E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G

F
G
G
NR
G
G
G
G
F
G
E
F
E
E
E

G
E
G
G

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
F
G

G
G
E
E
P
F
F
E
E
F
E
E
G
E
E
G
G
E
Natural
latex or
rubber
E
F
P
E
E

F
E
F
E
F
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
F
E
F
F
NR
G
F
G
F
F
G
F
P
G
E
G

F
F
P
F

P
P
P
E
P
P
G
E
F
E
P
P

F
F
E
F
F
P
G
G
F
NR
NR
F
P
F
F
P
G
F

Milled
nitrile
E
G
E
E
E

E
P
P
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
P
E
G
F
NR
NR
F
F
F
P
F
E
P
E
G
G

G
E
G
f

P
F
f
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
NR
P

G
F
€
E
F
F
G
£
G
G
G
E
E
E
F
G
G
E


Butyl
E
G
P
E
E

F
E
F
E
E
F
F
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
G
G
NR
E
G
G
G
E
E
F
F
E
E
E

F
F
P
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
Q
E
G
E
F
G

F
F
E
E
F
F
G
G
G
NR
NR
NR

F
G
G
G
G

Nitrile
latex
E
G
E
E
E

E
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
P
E
G
F
NR
NR
F
F
F
P
F
E
P
E
G
G

G
E
G
F

P
F
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
NR
P

G
F
E
E
F
F
G
E
G
E
E
E
E
F
G
G
E


Chemical
Phosphoric acid
Pickling solution
Picric acid
Pine oil
Pitch
Plating solutions
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
Potassium dichromate
Potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium hydroxide
Printing mKs
Propane gas
Propanol (iso)
Propyl acetate
Propyl alcohol
Propyl alcohol (iso)
Propylene gas
Propyne gas
Pyrethrum

R*Red fuming nitric acid
Rhodium fume and dust
S Silver nitrate
Skydrol 500
Sodium carbonate metol
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium sulfite
Sodium thiosulfide
Solvarsol
Solvessos
Stearic acid
Stoddard solvent
Styrene
Styrene 100%
Sulfuric acid
T Tannic acid
Tetrahydroborane
Tetraethyl lead
Tetrahydrofuran
*Toluene
Toluene dusocyanate
*To!uol
Trichlor
*Tnchloroethylene
*Tnchloroethane
Tncresyl phosphate
Tndecyl alcohol
Tnethanolamine
Trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluol
Triptane
Tung oil
Turco No 2998
Turpentine
U Unsymmetncal
Dimethylhydrazine
V Varnolme gas
Vanadium fume and dust
Varsol
Vegetable oils
W Wood alcohol
Wood preservatives
*Woodyouth
X*Xylene
*Xylol
'Xyhdene
Z Zinc chloride

Neo-
prene
E
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
Q
F
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
P
G
E
G
G
E
P
E
E
P
P
G
E
F
E
P
F
F
F
F
F
P
G
G
E
G
G
E
E
P
G

F
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
P
P
E
E
Natural
latex or
rubber
G
G
G
P
P
E
G
G
Q
F
G
E
G
E
F
E
E
F
F
E

P
E
G
G
G
E
G
G
F
P
E
F
P
P
G
E
P
F
F
P
G
p
p
F
P
F
F
G
P
P
P
P
P
F

P
F
E
F
G
E
F
P
P
P
F
E

Milled
nitrile
E
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
Q
F
G


Butyl
E
E
G
F
F
E
E
E.
£
!=

Nitrile
latex
E
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
Q
F
G
E £ ' E
G
E
E
F
E
E
E
E
E

P
E
E
P
G
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
F
F
G
E
F
E
F
F
F
F
G
G
F
E
E
E
G
G
E
E

E

F
E
E
G
E
E
G
F
F
F
F
E
G

G
E
E
E
E
E

p
£
E
G
E
E
F.
E
F
P
€
G
P
P
G
E
F
G
F
NR
G
NR
P
P
P
F
F
G
F
F
F
F
F
F

P
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  If glove swells, remove it from serv-
ice and replace with a new one; or
rinse glove with plain water and allow
it to return to original shape.

-------
        A-136
NOTE: This Data Sheet is a guide contain-    ^^^^^^•g^ Mine Safety Appliances Company
ing only a general description of the uses     1 IT i ^Jf AW 600 Penn Center Boulevard
and performance capabilities of MSA         fcLJLCL^M Pittsburgh  Pennsylvania 15235
Molded Handwear. For more complete in-
formation, contact MSA, 600 Penn Center     At your service 25 branch offices in the United States,
Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235.    MSA CANADA. Downsview Ontario (Metro Toronto). Halifax.
                                        Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver
                                        representatives in principal cities of the world
                                        Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                        Data Sheet 13-00-18                         Printed in U S A. 781 (L)

-------
                                                  Data Sheet
                                                  13-00-17
"C
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                                                                    Coated      fl,37
                                                                    Work  Gloves
Plastic
Coated Work
Gloves
                                                  34337
                                                                                37643 V
                     37646
                                                                                \.

                                                                             37999
                                                                                  38578
              Application

              MSA® Coated Work Gloves meet a
              variety of needs. The line contains
              plastic, neoprene, and natural rubber
              coated types; vinyl treated types;
              jersey, flannel, and thermal fined
              models. Styles include knitwrist,
              bandtop, safety cuff, gauntlet, mitten,
              and slip-on with elastic or perforated
              back. Some of the uses for Coated
              Work Gloves are handling oils, acids,
              chemicals, and solvents. They offer
              resistance to abrasion, cutting, and
              punctures.
                                Description

                                Plastic Coated Gloves
                                All-purpose Gloves: Bright-green, vinyl
                                plastic coated gloves afford positive
                                wet and dry grip. Two-piece pattern
                                jersey lining allows finger dexterity and
                                comfort. Fingers are curved to hand
                                contour. Seamless surface has excel-
                                lent abrasion- and chemical-resistant
                                qualities and is especially suited for
                                handling oils, acids, caustics, and many
                                solvents.

                                Utility Gloves: PVC coated dark-green
                                work gloves with high abrasion
                                resistance, and built-in flexibility which
                                permits dexterity. Combination of soft
                                jersey lining and no seams on the wear-
                                ing area reduces irritation.

                                Super Flexible Vinyl Plastic Gloves:
                                Pliable, yellow-coated work gloves
                                with curved finger construction that
                                permits flexibility and dexterity.
                                Two-piece soft jersey lining helps avoid
                                irritation and eliminate surface seams.
                                Have good abrasion resistance and
                                dry-gripping qualities
Flexible Vinyl Plastic Gloves: Oil, sol-
vent, and abrasion resistant with the
flexibility and dexterity of molded
rubber gloves. Have washable interlock
lining, nonirritating seams, and two-
piece wing thumb construction. Long
wearing, maroon, vinyl plastic coated.

Glow Gloves: Have high-visibility
orange, vinyl plastic coating for hand
signaling in industrial operations;
feature positive grip, flexibility, and
comfort. Available in three lengths,
with jersey or thermal lining. Suggested
for policemen, firemen, and outdoor
workers.

Thermal Gloves: Waffle-weave lining
provides insulation while permitting air
circulation. Tan vinyl coating is abra-
sion  resistant and flexible even in
subzero temperatures.

Thermal Glow Gloves: The insulating
qualities of MSA Thermal Gloves are
combined with the high-visibility
orange vinyl of MSA Glow Gloves.

                      Data Sheet
                      13-00-17

-------
     A-138
Rubber and
Neoprene
Work Gloves
                                             37996
Vinyl Treated Work Gloves
         , ^rr^J^il^''X"*
                                                            , 38954
                       38838
Rubber and Neoprene Coated Gloves
Ripple-Texture Gloves: Rugged, rubber
coating over cotton fabric with soft
comfortable lining. Rippled texture for
firm gripping. Excellentfor handling
sharp wire, sheet metal, nails, glass,
tubing, or lumber. Coated palm with
knitwrist or safety cuff.

Neoprene Gloves: Smooth-finish black
neoprene with Canton flannel lining and
curved finger construction. Chemical
resistant and iiquiaproof. Recom-
mended where heat, acids, solvents,
caustics, snagging, or cutting is a
danger.

Python Neoprene Gloves: Black neo-
prene latex glove offers chemical
resistance and wet grip. Has soft,
absorbent, Canton flannel lining and
wing thumb design.

Vinyl Treated Gloves
Workall Gloves: Vinyl impregnated for
long wear, and silicone treated for
water repellence and flexibility. Have
nonslip grip, close fit, and last five times
as long as 8-oz canvas gloves.

Workmore Gloves:  Made from soft
cotton base specially treated with a
unique vinyl compound for longer
wear, liquid repellence, launderability,
and good  wet or dry gripping.

-------
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                                                                                              A-139
Glove Selector Chart

Determine the chemical or physical
requirements of your job. Example:
Nitric 10%, or abrasion resistance and
flexibility. Then in the proper chart,
chemical or pnysical, select the gicve
that is listed as best for your particular
needs.
 i
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CHEMICAL RESISTANCE SELECTOR CHART PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SELECTOR CHART





ALCOHOLS
Methanol/ Butyl/ Alcohol/
Glycerme/Ethanol/
Isopropanol
CAUSTICS
Ammonium Hydroxide 38%/
Sodium Hydroxide 50%/
Potassium Hydroxide 50%
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
Carbon Tetrachlonde/
Perchlorethylene/
Tnchlorethylene
KETONES
Methyl Ethyl Ketone/
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone/
Acetone
PETROLEUM SOLVENTS
White Gasoune/Naphtha/
Mineral Thinner/Kerosene
ORGANIC ACIDS
Citric/Formic/
Tannic/Acetic
INORGANIC ACIDS
Hydrochloric 38%/
Sulphuric 10%/
Nitric 10%/
Chromic
Sulphuric 98%/
Nitric 70%
HYDROCARBONS
Stoddard Solvent/
Toluene/ Benzene/
Xylene
Coal Tar Distillate
Styrene
MISCELLANEOUS
Lacquer Thinner
Cutting Oil
Battery Acid
Phenol
Insecticides
Printing Ink
Dyestuffs
Penta
Formaldehyde
Vegetable Oil

Animal rat
Acrylonitnle
Steam
Aniline
Hydraulic Fluid
Turpentine
Linseed Oil
Soya Bean Oil
Carbon Disullide
Creosote
Paint & Varnish Remover

NEOPOENE
CLOVES



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CLOVES



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GLOVES



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•SMI". MSA GLOVE "«»«?" "»£> •;;«"
PUSHC

1 NEOPRENE GEE
PYTHON NEOPRENE GEE
RIPPLE-TEXTURE GEE
E ALL-PURPOSE E N R G
UTILITY E N R G
FLEXIBLE
VINYL PLASTIC E N R G
E SUPER FLEXIBLE
VINYL PLASTIC E N R G

F E-Excellent G— Good F— Fair

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G E G 1 E F
G E G G E
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F F E E F
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F E E i E G
1
N R —Not Recommended

'Coated fabric gloves are generally not recommended for continual exposure
to hot objects because the heat builds up in the coating and does not
N R dissipate rap dly. For periodic handling of hot obiects in a heat range
under 250 F, they are satisfactory

G GLOVE LENGTHS CKAfiT


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Fully Coaled Safety Cuff Palm Coated Safety Cuff
u (Band Top)

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E (10" Safety Cuff)
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Fully Coated 11" Gauntlet Fully Coated Knitwnst Mitten
E-Excellent G-Good F-Fair N R -Not Recommended (Cadet Size)


-------
Ordering information
        A-Ao
Catalog numbers (for pair: shipped 6
doz pr per case unless otherwise
indicated)
Plastic Coated Gloves
(All-purpose Gloves*)
37648  Knitwrist, coated palm; case
        shipping weight, 26 Ib
37650  Bandtop, coated palm; case
        shipping weight. 26 Ib
37653  Ladies knitwrist, fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 26 Ib
37647  Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 31 Ib
37649  Bandtop, fully coated: case
        shipping weight, 31 Ib
37651   Safety cuff, 10 in.; fully coated,
        case shipping weight. 36 Ib
37652  Gauntlet, 12 in.; fully coated.
        case shipping weight, 42 !b
37727  Gauntlet, 14 in.; fully coated,
        case shipping weight. 49 Ib
*The All-purpose Glove is not designed for handling
 extremely hot, abrasive, or sharp materials, or to
 proviae dielectric protection.
(Utility Gloves)
34333  Knitwrist, coated palm; case
        shipping weight, 38 Ib
34335  Safety Cuff, coated palm; case
        shipping weight, 38 Ib
34332  Knitwrist, fully coated: case
        shipping weight, 24 Ib
34331  Safety Cuff, fully coated: case
        shipping weight, 28 Ib
34334  Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
      -  case shipping weight. 35 Ib
38931  Gauntlet, 14 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight. 42 Ib

(Super Flexible Vinyl Plastic Gloves)
37642  Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 31 Ib
37643  Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 42 Ib

(Flexible Vinyl Plastic Gloves)
37644  Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight,  28 Ib
37646  Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 40 Ib
37515  Gauntlet, 14 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 46 Ib
37645  Cadet, 11 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 34 Ib

(Glow Gloves)
37999  Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 30 Ib
38000  Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight. 40 Ib
38096  Mitten, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 34 Ib

 Note: This Data Sheet is a guide, containing
 only a general description of uses and per-
formance capabilities of certain MSA Coated
 Work Gloves. Before use, refer to and
 strictly follow all instructions, cautions, and
 warnings on or with the products. For more
 complete information, contact MSA, 600
 Penn Center Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235.
(Thermal Gloves)
38580   Knitwrist. fully coated; case
        shipping weight. 38 Ib
38647   Gauntlet. 10 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 43 Ib
38648   Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 49 Ib

(Thermal Glow Gloves)
38578   Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight. 38 Ib
38645   Gauntlet, 10 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 43 Ib
38646   Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 49 Ib
38579   Mitten, knitwrist, fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 41 !b

Rubber and Neoprene Coated Gloves
(Rubber Ripple-Texture Gloves)
695087  Knitwrist, coated palm
695086  Safety Cuff, coated palm

(Neoprene Gloves)
37726   Knitwrist, coated palm; case
        shipping weight, 24 Ib
37610   Knitwrist, lightweight, fully
        coated; case snipping weight,
        27 Ib
34323   Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 31 Ib
37611   Gauntlet, 10 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight. 34 Ib
34324   Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weigru. 39 Ib
37612   Gauntlet, 14 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 40 Ib
37613   Gauntlet, 18 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 49 Ib
37616   Knitwrist, extra-heavyweight,
        fully coated- case shipping
        weight, 38 Ib
37617   Gauntlet, 12 in., extra-heavy-
        weight, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 46 Ib
37618   Gauntlet, 14 in., extra-heavy-
        weight, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 48 Ib

(Python Neoprene Gloves)
37993   Knitwrist, fully coated; case
        shipping weight, 32 Ib
37996   Gauntlet, 12 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 42 Ib
37994   Gauntlet, 14 in., fully coated;
        case shipping weight, 45 Ib
Vinyl Treated Gloves
(Workall Gloves—vinyl impregnated)
38651   Slip-on, medium; 12 doz pr per
        case, shipping weight, 25 Ib
38652   Slip-on, large; 12 doz pr per
        case, shipping weight, 25 Ib
38838   Siip-on perforated back,
        medium; 12 doz pr per case,
        shipping weight, 25 Ib
38839   Slip-on, perforated back, large:
        12 doz pr per case, shipping
        weight, 25 Ib
38842   Knitwrist, medium; 12 doz pr
        per case, shipping weight, 25 Ib
38843   Knitwrist, large; 12 doz pr per
        case, shipping weight, 25 Ib
38846   Slip-on, Glow Glove,* medium;
        12 doz pr per case, shipping
        weight, 25 Ib
38847   Slip-on, Glow Glove.* large;
        12 doz pr per case, shipping
        weight, 25 Ib
38848   Knitwrist, Glow Glove,*
        medium: 12 doz pr per case,
        shipping weight, 25 !b
38849   Knitwrist, Glow Glove." large;
        12 doz pr per case, shipping
        weight, 25 Ib
*Workall Glow Gloves—the backs of the last three
 Singers are blaze orange
(Workmore Gloves—vinyl treated)
38953   Knitwrist, Clute cut palm, full
        forefinger; 12 doz pr per case,
        shipping weight. 38 Ib
38954   Slip-on, Clute cu' oalm, full
        forefinger; 12 dr   <• per case,
        shipping weigh'   jib
38959   Slip-on, perforated back, Clute
        cut palm, full forefinger; 12
        doz pr per case, shipping
        weight, 38 Ib
                   Mine Safety Appliances Company
                   600 Penn Center Boulevard
                   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235
 At your service 25 branch offices in the United States.
 MSA CANADA Downsview. Ontario (Metro Toronto). Halifax,
 Montreal  Winnipeg Saskatoon  Edmonton Calgary, Vancouver
 representatives in principal cities of the world
 Cable address— MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                                                                     1
                                        Datasheet 13-00-17
                                                                            Printed in U.S A. 777 (L)

-------
     EFFECTIVE June 1,1979
Products are arranged in numerical sequence. Gloves and
related items are listed on Pages 2 to 9. Clothing items are
listed on Pages 10 to 13.
DISTRIBUTED BY

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                                                                                           A-149
                  Job-Fitted  Personal  Safety and  Protection
                          DIVISION OF BECTON, DICKINSON AND COMPANY IB-D|
                                   COSHOCTON, OHIO 43812
      SUPERCEDES ALL PREVIOUS PRICE LISTS AND QUOTATIONS
ALL PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
      STD, Werx, Seams-Rite. Tuf-Duk, Hycron, Grab-it, Grappler, Edmont Fireball, Kanry-Tex, Snorkel, Neox, Tru-Touch, Po!y-D, JFA, Wet-Wear,
      Monotex, Job-Fitted, Hynit, Edmont and B-D are registered trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company
14
                                                                                            PL-128-6791

-------
Job-Fitted Gloves
and Protective Clothing
DISTRIBUTED BY:
                   Copy rite © 1978 Becton, Dickinson and Company

-------
                                                CHEMICAL DEGRADATION GUIDE
                                       :OR  GLOVES.  APRONS,  AMD  WET-WEAR  600
                                                                                                                                                      A-151
 The Chemical Degradation Guide is pnmded as an aid in deierminmg
 the general suitability of  various EdmontAViKon ylove and clothing ma-
 terials  for use with specific chemicals Ii indicates  only the degrading
 effect of the  chemicals on those materials  It does not  consider perme-
 ability  of the materials, or the variable conditions \vhich can  influence
 product performance on actual job applications Such conditions include
 chemical concentration, temperature, and  comnmations, and the  length
 of time the product is in contact with (he chemical  In addition  products
                                                                   differently
of the same material but of different thicknesses may pertor
on the same iob
 CHEMICAL
 Acetaidertyoe
 Acetic Acid
 Acetone
 AcrytooitrtH

 Amyi Acetate
 Amlme
 Ben*aldehyde
 Beiuene
 Bentol
 Butanol
 Butyl Alcohol
 Butyl Acetate
 Butylene
 Carbon Disulfrde
 Carbon Tetrachionde
 Castor Oil
 CHorobentene
 Cfi'oroform
     c Acid
C.tnc Acid
Cotton Seed Oil
Dichlorelhan
Dethylamme
Di-itoOutyl K
Di Isocyanate

Dioctyi Phth
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyttt* DfcMofldj
Ethyiene Glycol
Ethyf Ether
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Freon 11-12-31 22
Furfural
GasoMfM
Glycerine
Grain Alcohol
HydrocNonc 38% Acid
Hydrochloric 10% Acid
Hydrofluoric 48% Acid
Hydrogen Peroxide 30%

IsoDutyl Alcohol
Iso-octane
isopropanol
tsopropyl Alcohol
Kerosene
      lactic Actd
      Launc Acid
      Linole.c Acid
      Linseed Oil
      Maleic Acid
      Methanoi
      Methyl Alcohol
      Methyiamme

      Methyl Chloride
      Methyiene Brom,ae
      MtthyfefM ChtorMM
      Methyl Ethyl Ketorte
      Methyl IsoDutyl Keloot
      Methyl Methacryiate
                                                                PVC       PVA
                                                        NBR  POLY VINYL POlY VINYL
                                                        HVCAR  CHLORIDE   ALCOHOL
      Moi
      Morptiohne
               nine
      Oxanc Acid
      Palmitic Acid
      Pentane
      Pftertol
      Phosphoric A
      Picric Acid
      Pota;
             Hydro
      Propyl Alc
      Propyl Acetate
      SoOiurn HydrontJe S
      Steanc Acid
      StynMC
      Sulfunc 95% Acid
      Sulfunc 10% Acid
      Tanmc Acid

      Toluene
      Toluene OHsocyanat
      Toluol
                ~
      Tncresyl Ph

      Tri plane
      Tung 0,1
      Turpent.n
      Wood Atc
                nate
     KEY TO DEGRADATION GUIDE:

    S—Fluid has no degrading effect. E—Fluid has very little degrad-
    ing effect.  G—Fluid  has minor to moderate degrading effect.
    F—Fluid  has  moderate degrading effect.  P—Fluid  has  pro-
    nounced degrading effect. NR—Not suitable for use in fluid.
                         SPECIAL NOTE

The chemicals in the above Guide highlighted in blue are known  carcinogens.
Those highlighted m green have been identified as suspected carcinogens. The
Guide indicates only the degrading effect of these chemicals on product materi-
als. Permeability of the product materials by these chemicals is not considered.
                                                           UNSUPPORTED GLOVES
                                                   PHYSICAL  PERFORMANCE  CHART

F^ysical Characteristics
Tensile Strength 	
Elongation 	
Abrasion Resistance . . .
Heat Resistance 	
Ozone Resistance 	
Neoprene
E
E
G
E
E
KEY TO CHART: S — Superior E — Excellent
COATED GLOVES PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE HYCRON NEOX
Abrasion Resistance
Cut Resistance
Dry Grip
Flexibility
Puncture Resistance
Wet Grip
E F
G E
F- G
E G
E E
F F
REDMONT
G
S
G
F
E
G
Rubber
E
E
G
F
G
NBR
E
G
E
E
G
Vinyl
F
F
	 p 	
G
P
E

G — Good F — Fair P — Poor.
PERFORMANCE CHART
SCORPIO
F
G
G
S
F
S
GRAB-IT
F
E
E
F
E
G
MONKEY
SNORKEL QRAPPLER GRIP
G S S
F F F
E G E
E F G
G G G
e E F
PVA
F
F
G
F
F
F
            KEY TO CHART: S—Superior  E—Excellent  G—Good  F—Fair  P—P6or "
  I
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  1
  I
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  1
  I
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 1
  I
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                                                                                                                  33-105
           Knit-Rite
             vinyl coated
     AIR-CONDITIONED LINE
Provides the coolness of cotton, yet outwears 8 oz.
cotton at least 4 to  1  on  straight abrasion. Special
knitted lining and porous coating let air come thru
to keep hands cooler and drier. Simplified construction
                  KSR
              vinyl coated
               KNIT LINED
Extra light, flexible  and comfortable,  yet  outwears
8 oz. cotton gloves at least 8 to 1 on straight abrasion.
Inter-lock knit lining stretches to a snug, sensitive fit,
and for easy on and off. Vinyl  coating provides an
                Hynil

          nbr impregnated
              KNIT LINED
Excellent abrasion and cut resistance. Outwears light
vinyl impregnated gloves as much as 5 to 1, and light
to medium leather as much as 3 to 1, on straight
abrasion. Excellent  dry  grip—makes handling safer
and easier.  Interlock knit lining and flexible coating
stretch to provide a snug  fit, good dexterity, and easy
on and off. Repellent but not liquidproof. Glove is
                   STD
          vinyl impregnated

       SUPER-FLEXIBLE LINE
 Provides excellent dexterity and grip. Stretches to a
 snug fit, and for easy on and off. Replaces 8 oz. cotton,
 goatskin and light leather gloves because it grips better,
 provides greater  dexterity and usually wears longer.
 Vinyl impregnated, inter-lock knit fabric breathes for
 coolness. Repellent but not liquidproof. Glove is ma-
 chine washable, and lining won't ball  up. "Job-fitted"
 for general plant use, and for assembling, inspecting
 and packaging small or delicate parts.
                                                  eliminates seams from the working areas which usually
                                                  rub fingers and knuckles. Stretches to allow unrestricted
                                                  dexterity, and for easy on and off. Excellent dry grip.
                                                  Glove is machine washable, and lining won't ball up.
                                                  "Job-fitted" for general plant use; shipping and receiv-
                                                  ing; assembly, inspection, and packaging; light fabri-
                                                  cation; general maintenance.
                                                  33-105: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
                                                  33-106: Slip-on. Women's L.
                                                         (M size to be available 1/1/76)
                                                                                                       22-515
                                                   excellent grip, breathes for ventilation and is  liquid
                                                   repellent (not liquidproof). Glove is machine washable,
                                                   and lining won't ball up. Replaces brown jersey, goat-
                                                   skin,  light  leather, cotton, and light-duty vinyl  im-
                                                   pregnated gloves. "Job-fitted"  for  general use,
                                                   assembly,  inspection,  packaging, shipping, receiving
                                                   and maintenance.
                                                   22-515: Slip-on. Men's M, L, & Ex-L.
                                                   22-516: Slip-on. Women's M & L.
M   '   /;  i
                                                                                                       32-105
                                                  machine washable, and lining won't ball up. "Job-fitted"
                                                  for general plant use; assembly, inspection, and pack-
                                                  aging: shipping and receiving;  light to medium metal
                                                  fabrication; general maintenance.
                                                  32-105: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
                                                  32-106: Slip-on. Women's M & L.

                                                       PERFORATED STYLES
                                                  Same as above except backs of last three fingers are
                                                  perforated for "air-conditioned" comfort.
                                                  32-125: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
                                                  32-126: Slip-on. Women's M & L.

                                                  U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling.
                                                                                                       1-114
                                                  1-114: Slip-on. Men's M, L & Ex-L.
                                                  1-116: Slip-on. Women's S, M & L.


                                                              WHITE STD

                                                  "Job-fitted" for clean-rooms, food plants  and other
                                                  areas where white gloves are desirable.  Same grip,
                                                  wear and launderability as the brown STD.
                                                  1-124: Slip-on. Men's M, L & Ex-L.
                                                  1-126: Slip-on. Women's S. M & L.

                                                  STD gloves have colored stitching on cuffs for quick size mating after
                                                  laundering Men's M size has yellow stitching, I has brown, Ei-L has
                                                  black. Women's S size has green, M has red, L has blue.
                                                                                   Patent No 3050738

-------
              20-115
              51-153
•f.
U
              41-141
                                   Seams-Rate
                                         vinyl coated
                                  SUPER COMFORT LINE
                           Preferred for its superior comfort. Unique construction
                           puts the seams on the outside, leaves nothing but soft
                           jersey inside. Reinforced thumb crotch  provides  ex-
                           tended service on jobs which subject this area to exces-
                           sive stress and abrasion. Other benefits include an
                           excellent grip, good flexibility, a low cost-to-wear ratio,
                           and machine washability. Tough vinyl coating outwears
                           8 oz. cotton at least 10 to 1 on straight abrasion. It
                           breathes for ventilation and is liquid repellent (not
                           liquidproof). Replaces cotton, goatskin and HghLleather
                                                                                                                    A-153
                                                                            gloves. "Job-fitted" for general plant use, assembly line,
                                                                            shipping, receiving and maintenance.
                                                                            20-112: Knitwrist. teen's M & L.
                                                                            20-115: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
                                                                            20-116: Slip-on. Women's M & L.
 NON-REINFORCED STYLES

Same as  above  except without thumb crotch rein-
forcement.
20-102: Knitwrist. Men's M & L.
20-105: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
20-106: Slip-on. Women's M & L.
                                    vinyl impregnated

                                  REGULAR DUTY LINE
                           Replaces 8 and 10 oz. cotton, goatskin and light leather
                           gloves.  Provides good dexterity and grip. Outwears
                           8 oz. cotton at least 5 to 1 on straight abrasion. Back is
                           perforated for  "air-conditioned"  comfort. Repellent
                           but not liquidproof. Machine washable. "Job-fitted" for
                           general plant use, assembling, receiving and shipping.
                           51-103: Perforated slip-on. Women's M & L.
                                                            Patent No 2913729
                           51-153: Perforated slip-on. Men's M & L.
                                                            Patent No 2913729
                             NON-PERFORATED STYLES
                            51-101: Slip on. Women's M & L.
                            51-152: Knitwrist. Men's M & L.
                            51-151: Slip-on. Men's M & L
                                         Tuf-Duk
                                     vinyl impregnated
                                     HEAVY DUTY LINE
                            Gives an excellent grip, good dexterity and long service.
                            Outwears medium to heavy leather gloves on many
                            jobs, and regular jersey at least 10 to  1 on straight
                            abrasion.  Coating is repellent (not liquidproof), oil-
                            resistant, and stays soft when cold. Palm is impregnated
                            with heavy gauge vinyl. Back is lightly coated. Machine
                            washable. "Job-fitted" for chemical  plants, yard work,
                            truck driving, warehousing and general use.
                Werx-Lice

          LIGHT  DUTY  LINE
Outwears 8 oz. cotton at least 3 to 1 on straight abrasion.
Flexible and comfortable. Gives a good sense of touch
and grip. Repellent but not liquidproof. Machine wash-
able. "Job-fitted" for inspection, receiving, shipping,
assembling small parts, and general use.
41-141: Slip-on. Men's M & L.
41-171: Slip-on. Women's M.
                                                                             Colored stitching on cuffs and colored knitwrists permit quick size
                                                                             mating after laundering. Men's M size Slip-on has yellow stitching,
                                                                             L has brown. Men's M size Knitwrist is white, L is brown. Women's M
                                                                             size Slip-on has red stitching, L has blue. Women's M size Knitwrist
                                                                             is white, L is blue
                                                                            Werx was the first vinyl impregnated glove made for
                                                                            industry. Today there are many imitations. The genuine
                                                                            Werx is identified by this mark in the fabric. It is your
                                                                            guarantee of proven performance and value.
              21-704
                                                                            21-700: Knitwrist. Men's size.
                                                                            21-704: Driver's style with elastic wrist. Men's M & L.
                                                                            21-707: Safety cuff. Men's M & L.
                                                                            21-752: 12" gauntlet. Men's M & L.
                                                                               PALM-STYLE  TUF-DUK
                                                                            Uncoated fabric back ventilates to work cooler. Same
                                                                            tough coating on  palm.
                                                                            21-744: Driver's style with elastic wrist. Men's M & L.
                                                                            21-747: Safety cuff. Men's M & L.
                                                                             All Tuf-Duk gloves, except the Knitwrist, have colored stitching on cuffs
                                                                             for quick size mating after laundering. The M size has black stitching,
                                                                             L has gray.
                                                                                                             Patent No 3050738

-------
                                                                                                                27-607
               nbr  coated
  ABRASION RESISTANT LINE
Combines exceptional  toughness and flexibility. Ex-
clusive NBR coating gives superior  service handling
rough, abrasive materials. Also provides an excellent
dry grip, and high resistance to cuts,  snags, punctures,
grease and oils. Soft, jersey lining is a 2-piece pattern.
It eliminates seams from the working area to prevent
hand irritation and premature wear-thru. Curved, pre-
flexed fingers and wing thumb. Excellent replacement
for leather  gloves.  "Job-fitted" for general use, for
handling castings, cores, fabricated metal, and produc-
tion of fabricated building materials such as concrete
block, brick tile, lumber, plywood, and drywall.
27-600: Palm coated knitwnst. Men's size.
27-601: Women's size. Palm coated kmtwrist.
27-602: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
27-603: Women's size. Fully coated knitwrist.
27-607: Palm coated safety cuff. Men's size.

   U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling
                       Insu;
                       .TOUGH  COATING  of  vinyl
                        or  neoprene  resists  abra-
                        sion, oils,  chemicals.  Stays
                        soft when cold.
                       . FOAM INSULATION  locks
                        out cold, keeps hands warm.
                       - DEEP-FLEECE LINING helps
                        retain warmth, feels  good
                        on the hand.
"Job-fitted" for winter transportation, yard and field
work, cold storage and unheated warehouses, labora-
tories, construction, and other winter jobs.

WINTER  MONKEY GRIP Liquidproof vinyl  coating
resists oil, acids, chemicals,  and caustics. Curved
fingers, wing thumb,  and general softness make this
glove very comfortable and easy to wear.
23-152: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
23-189: Fully coated one finger mitten. Free index finger
        allows more dexterity than full mitten, provides
        more warmth than a glove Men's size.
23-191: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
23-193: Fully coated safety cuff. Men's size.
                            Patent Nos 3173150. 3468735

WINTER  FIREBALL Liquidproof vinyl  coating. Fluo-
rescent fire-orange color  is  easier to see.  Improves
safety  and hand signaling for transportation,  traffic
control, construction,  etc.
23-429: Fully coated mitten. Provides most warmth.
        Extra long elastic wrist. Men's size.
23-491: Fully coated knitwrist. Extra long elastic wrist.
        Men's size.
                             Patent Nos 3173150, 3468735
                GOLDEN
             rubber coated
     CRINKLE-FINISHED LINE
Premium quality. Outperforms ordinary rubber coated
gloves. Provides a safer wet or dry grip, greater cut
resistance, longer wear, and improved cushioning  of
 WINTER TUF-DUK Vinyl impregnated to provide an
 excellent grip and  long wear. Sheds snow,  sleet and
 rain (not liquidproof).
 31-790: Knitwrist style. Men's M & L.
 31-791: Driver's style with elastic wrist. Men's M  & L.
23-191
                                                               23-491
                                 31-791
                                                                                                               16-307
the hands against vibration and jolts. Crinkle-textured,
heavy-duty coating has no rubber particles to shed.
Curved, preflexed fingers and wing thumb  give extra
working  comfort. "Job-fitted" for handling smooth,
slippery or sharp-edged materials like glass, sheet metal,
and tin plate.
16-300: Palm coated knitwrist. Men's size.
16-301: Women's size. Palm coated knitwrist.
16-307: Palm coated safety cuff. Men's size.
16-362: 12" palm coated gauntlet. Elastic wrist and
       knuckle strap. Men's size.

-------
  6-620
                            Grab-it
                           rubber  coated
                      FLOCK-FINISHED LINE
                Provides  an  excellent grip for handling wet or dry
                materials. Rough-finished rubber coating has high abra-
                sion and  cut resistance. 2-piece jersey lining greatly
                improves puncture resistance, and eliminates  seams
                from the working areas to prevent hand irritation and
                premature wear  thru.  "Job-fitted" for general  use,
                handling multi-wall paper bags, glass, castings, cores,
                scrap metal, tile, block, lumber, logs, and veneer, and
                in acids, caustics, alcohols and many solvents.
                                                                                                         A-155
6-600: Palm coated knitwrist. Curved fingers, wing-thumb.
      Men's size.

6-620: Palm coated safety cuff. Curved fingers, wing-thumb.
      Men's size.
6-622: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Curved fingers, wing thumb.
      Men's size.

6-660: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
6-662: 10" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
  24-362
                             vinyl coated

                        PREMIUM PVC LINE

                Premium quality for heavy duty protection and long
                service. Outperforms regular vinyl coated gloves as
                much as 50%. Soft jersey lining, and reinforced vinyl
                coating produced only by  Edmont-Wilson,  provide
good comfort and flexibility. 2-piece liner construction
eliminates seams  from the working areas to prevent
hand irritation and premature wear thru. Special, rough
finish gives a good grip. Curved, preflexed fingers and
wing thumb. "Job-fitted" for the tougher assembly line
jobs, general plant use, handling  concrete block, and
in chromatic acid, caustics, oils and petroleum solvents.

24-360: Palm coated knitwrist. Men's size.
24-362: Palm coated safety cuff. Men's size.
24-363: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
24-364: 14" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
24-366: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
  3-312
                       Monkey Grip
                             vinyl coated
                       STANDARD PVC LINE
                Economical  for a broad range of jobs. Has a tough,
                vinyl coating with excellent abrasion  resistance and
                good flexibility. 2-piece lining provides extra comfort
                because the hand never works over rough seams.
Curved, preflexed fingers and wing thumb. "Job-fitted"
for general plant use and handling in oils, acids, caustics
and alcohols.
 3-303: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
 3-312: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 3-314: 14" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 3-318: 18" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 3-360: 10" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
,  13-152
                            EVER-FLEX

                       donkey Grip
                             vinyl coated
                   SUPER-FLEXIBLE PVC  LINE
                Very light, flexible and easy to wear. Special vinyl
                coating stays soft when cold. Has good chemical and
                abrasion resistance. 2-piece lining gives extra .comfort
                and service. It eliminates seams from the working areas
 to prevent hand irritation  and premature wear thru.
 Curved, preflexed fingers and wing thumb. "Job-fitted"
 for handling in oils, acids, caustics and alcohols.

 13-102: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
 13-402: EVER-FLEX FIREBALL Same as  13-102 except
        fluorescent  fire-orange color for extra visibility and
        safety. Men's size.
 13-152: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's M & L.

 13-158: 18" fully coated gauntlet Men's size.
 13-452: EVER-FLEX FIREBALL Same as  13-152 except
        fluorescent  fire-orange color for extra viability and
        safety. Men's size.               .

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A-156
             Snorkel
             vinyl coated
          SUPER-FLEXIBLE
                PVC  LINE
Provides excellent wet grip, flexibility and comfort.
A dipped finish makes handling slippery materials safer
and easier. Available with jersey lining, or inter-lock
knit which works cooler, is more flexible, and won't
ball up when laundered. Jersey lining feels soft, and
insulates against moderate heat and cold. 2-piece liner
construction eliminates seams from the  working areas
to prevent hand  irritation, and premature wear thru.
Comfortable curved fingers  and wing  thumb.  "Job-
          polyvinyl alcohol
                 coated
        ORGANIC SOLVENT
           RESISTANT LINE
"Job-fitted"  for handling in strong organic  solvents
such as aromatics, and chlorinated .. . the types which
quickly deteriorate rubber, neoprene and polyvinyl
chloride coated gloves. PVA coating is nearly inert to
             Scorpio
           neoprene coated
               KNIT  LINED
       SUPER-FLEXIBLE  LINE
Excellent dexterity  and  comfort. An inter-lock knit
lining and flexible coating stretch to provide a snug
fit, and easier on and off. 2-piece lining construction
          neoprene coated

         HEAVY DUTY LINE
Premium quality for maximum protection in oils, acids.
caustics, alcohols and solvents. Reinforced neoprene
 fitted" for handling materials coated with grease or oil
 film, and in acids, caustics and many solvents.

 4-452: Knit lined. 12" fully coated gauntlet.
       Men's M & L.
 4-454: Knit lined. 14" fully coated gauntlet.
       Men's M & L.
 4-404: Jersey lined. Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
 4-405: Jersey lined. Women's size. Fully coated knitwrist.
 4-412: Jersey lined. 12" fully coated gauntlet.
       Men's M & L.
 4-414: Jersey lined. 14" fully coated gauntlet.
       Men's M & L.
 4-460: Jersey lined. 10" fully coated gauntlet.
       Men's M & L.
 these solvents. There is no absorption to cause swell-
 ing, and almost no extraction to cause shrinking. Very
 comfortable and provides excellent dexterity. Weighs
 only  half  as  much as a neoprene coated  gauntlet.
 Curved, preflexed fingers and wing thumb.

 15-552: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 15-554: 14" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 15-561: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Women's size.
 CAUTION
 PVA coating is water soluble. Do not use in water or
 water based solutions.
eliminates seams from the working areas to prevent
hand irritation and premature wear thru. Reinforced
neoprene coating protects against abrasion, cutting,
and a broader range of chemicals than any other glove
coating. A dipped finish makes handling wet, slippery
materials safer and easier. Curved, preflexed fingers
and wing thumb. "Job-fitted" for handling in oils, acids,
caustics, alcohols, and solvents.

8-352: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Sizes S, M, L, & Ex-L.

U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling
 coating has a dipped finish which gives an excellent
 wet grip. Outwears regular neoprene coated gloves as
 much as 30%. Fabric lining substantially increases snag
 and  puncture resistance. Curved fingers and  wing
 thumb provide extra comfort.

 19-930: 10" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 19-932: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 19-934: 14" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
 19-938: 18" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
                                                                                                        4-412
                                                                                                       15-554
                                                                                                       8-352
                                                                                                       19-932

-------
9-922
                                               Neox
                                         neoprene  coated

                                         STANDARD  LINE
                               Reinforced neoprene coating protects against abrasion,
                               cutting and a broader range of chemicals than any other
                               glove coating. Fabric lining greatly improves snag and
                               puncture resistance. Knitwrist styles have 2-piece lin-
                               ings. All styles have curved fingers and wing" thumbs
                               for a natural fit and greater  comfort. "Job-fitted" for
                               handling in oils, acids, caustics, alcohols and solvents.'
                               9-022: Hi-Lo Temperature glove. 12" fully coated gauntlet.
                                      Quilted cotton liner insulates against heat or cold.
                                      Men's size.
                                                                                         A-157
                                                 9-909: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
                                                 9-920: 10" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
                                                 9-922: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
                                                 9-924: 14" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
                                                 9-928: 18" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
                                                 9-430: 31" fully coated gauntlet Protects to shoulder Avail-
                                                       able in pairs or single hands. Men's size.
                                                       LIGHTER WEIGHT

                                                                STYLES
                                                 Same compound but a lighter coating for extra flexi-
                                                 bility.
                                                 9-908: Fully coated knitwrist. Men's size.
                                                 9-912: 12" fully coated gauntlet. Men's size.
29-865
                                         Neoprene
                                       UNSUPPORTED  LINE
                               Provides excellent  protection  in a broad range of
                               chemicals, and against abrasions, cuts  and punctures.
                               Case hardened to increase chemical and abrasion re-
                               sistance over other neoprene gloves. Comfortable
                               curved fingers and contoured palm. Available smooth,
                               or with embossed or dipped finish for better gripping.
                               Smooth finish gloves have ribbed backs to provide air
                               circulation and eliminate tightness over knuckles when
                               hands are closed. Improves comfort and reduces hand
                               fatigue. "Job-fitted" for handling in oils, acids, caustics,
                               alcohols  and solvents, and for food processing.


                                REGULAR  DUTY STYLES

                               Made from latex neoprene compound.

                               29-840: .015" gauge,!!"length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                                      Sizes 8-9-10-11.
                               29-845: .017" gauge, 12" length. Embossed. Rolled cuff.
                                      Sizes 7-7l/i-8-8'/j-9-10-ll.
                               29-870: .018" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                                      Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                               29-875: .019" gauge, 12' length. Embossed. Rolled cuff.
                                      Sizes 8-9-10-11.
                                                        SOFT-LINED STYLE

                                                 Made from latex neoprene compound.

                                                 Soft, cotton-flock lining absorbs perspiration and feels
                                                 good on the hand. The lining, plus generously  pro-
                                                 portioned wrist, make the  glove easier on and off.
                                                 Embossed finish gives a good wet grip.
                                                 29-865: .018" gauge, 12" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                        Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                                                              U.S.D.A. accepted
                                                          for food and meat handling.
37-175  -
             unsupported

       SOLVENT  RESISTANT
        NBR (BUNA-N) LINE

Exclusive NBR  compound is far superior to natural
rubber and neoprene in aromatic, petroleum and chlo-
rinated solvents. Protects  against abrasion, cuts, snags
and punctures better than any other type of unsupported
glove. Case hardened to give extra chemical and abra-
sion resistance.  Comfortable curved fingers  and con-
toured palm fit the hand naturally. Embossed finish
provides better  gripping.  "Job-fitted" for handling in
solvents, oils, grease, fats, acids, caustics and alcohols,
and for food processing.
                                                                                37-145: .011" gauge, 12" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                                                       Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                                                                                37-155: .015" gauge, 12" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                                                       Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                                                                                37-165: .022" gauge, 14" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                                                       Sizes 9-10-11.
                                                                                37-185: .022" gauge, 18" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                                                       Sizes 9-10-11.
                                                                                      SOFT-LINED STYLE

                                                                                 Soft, cotton-flock lining absorbs perspiration, feels good
                                                                                 on the hand, and makes the glove easier on and off.
                                                                                 37-175: .015" gauge, 12" length. Pinked cuff.
                                                                                       Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                                                                                 U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling

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I
I
  C
I
 A-158
             ^supported
            PREMIUM  LINE
            Case hardened for greater chemical and abrasion resis-
            tance. Gives longer service than regular rubber gloves.
            Curved fingers and contoured palm provide an easy-
            working fit. Available smooth, or with sprayed or em-
            bossed finish  for better gripping. The smooth and
            sprayed finish gloves have ribbed backs to provide air
            circulation and eliminate tightness over knuckles when
            hands are closed. Improves comfort and reduces hand
            fatigue. "Job-fitted" food processing, electronics manu-
            facturing, and handling in acids,  alkalies,  salts and
            ketones.
            26-640: .015" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes TV, -8-8'/j -9-9V, -10-11.
            26-641: .015" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Pinked cuff.
                   Sizes 7'/i-8-8'/i -9-10-11.
            26-645: .015" gauge, 11" length. Sprayed. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes 71/I-8-8'/i-9-9'/i-10-ll.
            26-646: .015" gauge, 11" length. Sprayed. Pinked cuff.
                   Sizes 7-7y,-8-8Y,-9-9Y,-10-ll.
            26-670: .018" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes 7Vi-8-8'/1-9-9'/,-10-n.
            26-675: .018" gaugeTll" length. Sprayed. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes 8-9-10-11.11.
            26-680: .021" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes 8-9-10-11.11.
            26-685: .021" gauge, 11" length. Sprayed. Rolled cuff.
                   Sizes 8-9-10-11.11.
     SOFT-LINED  STYLE
Soft, cotton-flock lining absorbs perspiration and feels
good on the hand. The lining, plus generously propor-
tioned wrist, makes the glove easier on and off. Em-
bossed finish gives a good wet grip.
26-665: .018" gauge, 13" length. Pinked cuff.
       Sizes 7-8-9-10-11.
                                                   U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling
                                                                                                                           26-665
I
I
I
I
I
I
Long                   Rubber
unsupported   STANDARD LINE       HEAVY  DUTY  STYLE
Case hardened for greater resistance to chemicals and
abrasion. Comfortable curved fingers and contoured
palm are easy to work in. Choice of sprayed or em-
bossed finish. Sprayed finish gloves have ribbed backs
to provide air circulation  and eliminate tightness over
knuckles when hands are closed. Improves comfort
and reduces hand fatigue.  "Job-fitted" for food process-
ing and handling in acids, alkalies, salts and ketones.
36-124: .018" gauge, 12" length. Generously proportioned
       wrists make on and off easier. Embossed.  Pinked
       cuff. Sizes 7-7'/2-8-8'/,-9-9'/j-10-ll.
           KANRY-TEX
Has 37% thicker rubber on fingers. Extends glove life
on jobs where fingers are subjected to excessive wear.
Sprayed finish gives an excellent wet grip.
36-555: .016"-.022" gauge, 11" length.  Pinked cuff. Sizes
       7-/J-8-9-10.
For plywood gluing and heavy duty liquidproof pro-
tection. Made of tough, heavy gauge-rubber for extra
abrasion  and puncture resistance. Embossed  finish
gives a good wet grip.
36-755: .040" gauge, 14" length. Pinked cuff. Sizes 10-11.
U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling.
                                                                          -124
                                                                                                                                              9

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                                                 Premium
                                          White  Rubber
                                    A premium quality, surgeon's-type rubber glove  de-
                                    signed for  industrial  use. Strong,  yet thin  and snug-
                                    fitting. Provides superior dexterity  and sensitivity.  Re-
                                    sists acids,  alkalies, salts and ketones. Curved fingers
                                    and contoured palm give extra working ease. Available
                                    smooth, or with sprayed finish for safer gripping. "Job-
                                    fitted" for electronics manufacturing, research labora-
                                    tory work and assembling small parts.
                                    46-320: .009" gauge, ll'/," length. Smooth. Rolled cuff.
                                          Sizes (>'/i-7-T/!-8-8Vi-9-9'/i-\0.
                                    46-321: .009" gauge, 11V4" length. Sprayed. Rolled  cuff.
                                          Sizes 6'/i-7-7'/!-8-8'/i-9-9'/!.
                                                                                                 A-159
                                                     45-710: ^0075" gange, 11!*" length. Smooth. Flat cuff
                                                             Sizes 6'/,-7-7'/i-8-9. Bulk packed 12 doz. per case
                                                             rights and lefts separated. .

                                                             CASE

                                                                      STYLES
                                                     Case  hardening  toughens  the  glove  surface for
                                                     creased chemical and abrasion resistance.
                                                     46-322: .017" gauge, 11" length. Smooth. Pinked cuff.
                                                             Sizes 7-7'/J-8-8'/>-9-10.
                                                     46-323: .017" gauge, 11" length Sprayed. Pinked cuff.
                                                             Sizes 7-7'/2-8-8'/4-9-10.
                                                     46-322 and 46-323 are
                                                     U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling.
    35-125
         POLYETHYLENE  LINE

The POLY-D GLOVE gives low-cost product protec-
tion for food and precision parts handling. Superior
touch sensitivity. Powderless and sulphur-free — can't
mark  delicate materials. Fits either hand. Disposable.

35-112 Roll: 100 gloves, .00125" gauge, no paper. S, M, L.
35-119 Box: 1000gloves, .00125" gauge, no paper.S, M, L.
35-122 Roll: 100 gloves, .00125" gauge. Sizes S, M, L.
35-125 Dispenser: 100 gloves, .00125" gauge. Sizes S, M, L.
35-126 Dispenser: 1000 gloves, .00125" gauge. Sizes S, M, L.
35-129 Roll: 1000 gloves, .00125" gauge. Sizes S, M, L.
                                           DISPOSABLE  OR  REUSABLE
                                    ECONOMICAL. Replace  rubber gloves and reduce
                                    costs for hand or product protection where glove con-
                                    tamination is high.
                                    REUSABLE OR DISPOSABLE. Tough enough to
                                    reuse.  Inexpensive enough to  use  once and  throw
                                    away.
                                    LIQUIDPROOF ... no seams to split and leak.
                                    EXCELLENT SENSITIVITY ... the thin vinyl pro-
                                    vides a keen sense of touch and great dexterity.
                                    FIT EITHER HAND ...  makes issuing easier — no
                                    need to pair lefts and rights.
                                               PREMIUM  RUBBER

                                    Select the thickness to fit the job:
                                    SHEER . .  . for light-duty use where  sensitive  touch
                                    is needed.
                                    REINFORCED ... for general-duty use. Medium
                                    thickness with reinforced work surface.

                                    Available in  3 thicknesses  and 4 sizes.
                                                                                        35-137 Roll: 25 gloves, .00175" gauge, 32" length. Size L.
                                                                                        35-150 Roll: SOgloves, .00175" gauge. 22" length. Size L
                                                                                        35-152 Roll: 100 gloves, .00175" gauge. Sizes S, M, L
                                                                                        35-159 Roll: 1000 gloves, .00175" gauge. Sizes S, M, L.
The POLY-D-BOOT is ideal for clean rooms, food
processing and poultry plants. Liquidproof, chemical
resistant and fits either foot. Available in .00175" and
.003" gauges, S, M and L sizes. S fits men's shoes thru
size 9-1/2, M 10 to 11, L 11 thru 12. Order size S for.
women.
35-300 Roll: 50 boots. .00175" gauge.
35-350 Roll: 50 boots 003" gauge.

U.S.D.A. accepted for food and meat handling.
                                                                  Available in 3  styles
                                                     Tru-Touch Featherweight: .004" thick. "Job-Fitted"
                                                     for  handling  very small  parts, precision assembly,
                                                     scientific research, and food processing.
                                                     34-600 Dispenser: 100 gloves. Sizes S, M, L.

                                                     Tru-Touch Sheer: .005" thiwk. "Job-Fitted" for scien-
                                                     tific research, inspecting and assembling small parts.
                                                     34-550 Dispenser: 50 gloves. Sizes S, M, L, Ex-L.

                                                     Tru-Touch  Ambi: .0065"  thick. "Job-Fitted"  for
                                                     small parts handling, laboratories, painting, polishing,
                                                     equipment clean-up.
                                                     34-100 Dispenser: 100 gloves. Sizes S, M, L, Ex-L
                                                     34-300 Dispenser: 300 gloves. Sizes S, M, L, Ex-L.
                                                     45-060 Box: 1 gross, sheer, 0035" gauge, 2^/4" length. Sizes
                                                                1-2-3.
                                                     45-600 Bag: 10 gross, same as 45-060 except bulk packed.
                                                     45-610 Bag: 10 gross, sheer, powderless, .0035" gauge, 23/4"
                                                                length. Size 1-2-3.
                                                     45-070 Box: 1 gross,  reinforced, .007"-.013" gauge.  2>i:i"
                                                                length Sizes 1-2-3.
                                                     45-770 Box: 1 gross,  reinforced, .012"-.016" gauge,  23/Y'
                                                                length Sizes 1-2-3-4
       45-070      45-060
10

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 I
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•
             A-160
                                                                             SHIRT
                      LAB COAT
             Heavy
               Duty
            Coverd!
                                           SMOCK
                                                                    PANTS
                                                         polyolefin
                                           REUSABLE OR DISPOSABLE .  . . tough enough to
                                           launder and reuse. Inexpensive enough to wear once
                                           on messy jobs and throw away.
                                           LIGHTWEIGHT COMFORT . . . JFA garments weigh
                                           less than 6 ounces—cotton garments are as much as
                                           10 times heavier.
                                           EASY TO WEAR , .  . generous sizing and raglan
                                           sleeves permit free and easy movement.
                                           STRONG POLYOLEFIN FABRIC ... has excellent
                                           resistance to snags, tears, punctures, and many chemi-
                                           cals. It is also splash, stain, and perspiration resistant,
                                           anti-static, lint free, and biologically and chemically
                                           inert.
                                           OVERCAST STITCHING .  . . provides extra seam
                                           strength.
                                           EASY SIZE ADJUSTMENT . . . garment length and
                                           sleeves  are easily shortened  without ravelling, using
                                           scissors.
                                           HIGH OPACITY . . . prevents show thru and allows
                                           wearing without other clothing underneath.
                                            COVERALL Aluminum zipper. Reinforced crotch.
                                            Mandarin-style collar.

                                            55-510: Splash resistant. Sizes S, M, L, XL.
                                            55-520: Air conditioned. Sizes S, M, L, XL.
                                                                                              LAB COAT Ideal for lab and process technicians.
                                                                                              Buttons in front. Two sewn-on utility pockets.
                                                                                              55-430: Splash resistant. Sizes S, M, L, XL.
                                                                                              55-440: Air conditioned. Sizes S, M, L, XL.

                                                                                              SMOCK Collarless, wrap-around style. Ideal for pro-
                                                                                              duction and processing line jobs where product pro-
                                                                                              .tection is important.
                                                                                              55-330: Splash resistant. Sizes S, M, L, XL.

                                                                                              SHIRT Buttons in front.
                                                                                              55-130: Splash resistant. Sizes S, M, L, XL.

                                                                                              PANTS Elasticized waist.
                                                                                              55-230: Splash resistant. Sizes S, M, L, XL.
                                                                                               FABRIC TYPES AND
                                                                                               WEIGHTS
                                                                                               SPLASH RESISTANT - Protects against moderate
                                                                                               splash and spray. Also ideal for clean room use, and
                                                                                               high dust level applications.

Coverall
Shop Coat
Hood
Lab Coat
Smock
Shirt
Pants
Heavy -Duty
(Blue)
X
X
X




Regular-Duty
(White)
X


X
X
X
X
AIR-CONDITIONED-Has thousands of tiny perfora-
tions which ventilate the garments.
                                                                                                                Heavy-Duty
                                                                                               Coverall
                                                                                                                                Regular-Duty
                                                                                                                                  (White)
                                                                                               Lab Coat
                                                                                              JFA SIZE SELECTION GUIDE
     Shirt
     Coat
     Smock
Size  Chest
S
M
L
XL
                                                                                                     48"
                                                                                                     51"
                                                                                                     55"

                                                                                                     58"
                                                                                                                Coverall
                                                                                                           Chest   Waist  Inseam
                                                                                                            45"     45"     26"
                                    Pants
                                 Waist  Inseam
                    48"
                    51"
                    56"
                           26"
                           27"
                           29"
36"
38"
40"
42"
30"
31"
33"
33"
                                                                                               COLORED STITCHING IDENTIFIES SIZES

                                                                                               Makes size sorting after laundering quicker and easier.
                                                                                               Small size has red stitching, medium blue, large yellow,
                                                                                               and extra large white.
                                                                                                                                             11

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                                    (Continued)
   REUSABLE OR DISPOSABLE . . .  tough enough to
   launder and reuse. Inexpensive enough to wear once
   on messy jobs and throw away.
   LIGHTWEIGHT COMFORT  . .cotton garments are
   as much as 10 times heavier.
   EASY TO WEAR .  . .  generous sizing and raglan
   sleeves permit free and easy movement.
   STRONG POLYOLEFIN FABRIC ... has excellent
   resistance to snags, tears, punctures, and many chemi-
   cals. It is also splash, stain, and perspiration resistant,
   anti-static,  lint free,  and  biologically and  chemically
   inert.
   OVERCAST STITCHING . . . provides extra seam
   strength.
   EASY SIZE ADJUSTMENT . . . garment length and
   sleeves are easily shortened without ravelling, using
   scissors.                    :
   HIGH OPACITY . . . prevents show thru and allows
   wearing  without  other clothing underneath.
                      HOOD
                 ExifQ
12
    polyethylene coated polyolefin

          LIGHTWEIGHT, LIQUID
         PROTECTION CLOTHING
    ECONOMICAL .  . .  replaces expensive PVC and
    neoprene clothing on wet, messy jobs.
    TOUGH POLYOLEFIN FABRIC .  .  . coated  with
    polyethylene to repel liquids and resist snags,  tears,
    punctures, abrasion, and chemicals.
    COMFORTABLE . . . cool and lightweight —as much
    as 75% lighter than PVC garments.
    OVERCAST STITCHING . .  . provides extra seam
    strength.
    GENEROUS SIZING .. permits free, easy movement.
    EASY LENGTH ADJUSTMENT . . . sleeve and pant
    leg lengths are easily shortened with scissors. Fabric
    won't ravel.
    VINYL SNAPS ... on jacket are chemical resistant—
    can't rust or corrode.
SHOP COAT Extra long for extra protection. Ideal
for supervisory personnel and plant visitors. Two utility
pockets. Buttons in front.
55-415: Sizes S, M, L, XL.

HOOD Slips on and off easily. Tape ties hold it snugly
in place. One size for all.
55-908: One size.


WRIST CLOSURE Elastic with  rust-resistant  metal
tip and slide for size and tension adjustment.
55-909
                                                            HANDY DISPENSER  SOX

                                                            Stackable. side-dispensing box simplifies stor-
                                                            age and issuing. Requires less than  one cubic
                                                            foot of space. Contains 25 individually rolled
                                                            and paper-banded garments of one style and
                                                            size. Helps  keep garments  neat and clean
                                                            until issued. In-plant laundry instructions are
                                                            printed on each wrapper.
                                                           SEE PAGE 20 FOR ORDERING INFORMATION
                                                                                                                     WRIST CLOSURE
                                                                                                                                          I
"Job-Fitted" for: Turnarounds • Tank cleaning  •
Replacing pipe • Washdowns • Steam cleaning •
Maintenance • Weed spraying • Degreasing • Fiber-
glass layup
                                                        Available as a suit (jacket and elastic waist pants).


                                                        55-755: Sizes S, M, L, XL.
 \
                                                                                   I

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POLYETHYLENE
                                     USDA ACCEPTED
                         LOW COST PROTECTION  .  . for light-duty food
                         processing, laboratory, and general clean up uses. Can
                         be reused or worn once and thrown away.
                         ONE-PIECE DESIGN . . . eliminates folds, hems, and
                         seams that can trap bacteria, dirt, or liquids.
                         LIQUIDPROOF .   .  resists many chemicals,  fats,
                         grease, oils.
                         EMBOSSED FINISH     helps prevent heat build-up
                         and static "cling "
                         COMPACT DISPENSER  BOX . . . issues aprons one
                         at a time. Keeps them handy at work station.

                         54-290: 100 per dispenser.
                                               "MONOTEX" 1-PIECE
                                               DESIGN
                                               No folds, hem, or
                                               seams to trap
                                               bacteria, dirt, or
                                               liquids.
  MONOTEX
                          TOUGH 7%-MIL VINYL . .  semiopaque virgin ma-
                          terial (not  reprocessed)  for  greatest  flexibility and
                          resistance  to abrasion, oils, fats, chemicals, and
                          punctures.
                          36" WIDE . . . provides wrap-around protection.
                          REVERSIBLE/LAUNDERABLE ... for extended
                          service.
                          "MONOTEX" STYLE .  . . unique. 1-piece  design*
                          eliminates folds, hems, and seams which can trap
                          bacteria.

                          Available in 2 colors and 3 lengths.
                          54-613: White, 36" length.
                          54-621: Blue, 40".
                          54-623: White, 40"
                          54-631: Blue, 45"
                          54-633: White, 45"
                                                                         HEMMED EDGE
                                                                                                   PLAIN EDGE
  Regular  Duty
    7^-Mil  Vinyl
          Aprons
                                                                        STRONG   . virgin material (not reprocessed! pro-
                                                                        vides greatest flexibility and resistance to  abrasion,
                                                                        oils. fats,  chemicals, and punctures.
                                                                        Semiopaque.
                                                                        NYLON NECK & WAIST TIES . .  . extra long, and
                                                                        pre-attached for immediate use. Plastic tips prevent
                                                                        fraying. Chrome-plated steel grommets resist rusting.
HEMMED  EDGE  STYLES
Edges are  hemmed  with continuous-filament nylon
thread. Available in  2 colors and 4 lengths for men
and women
54-421: Blue, 40".
54-431: Blue, 45".
54-433: White, 45".
54-441: Blue, 50".
54-443: White, 50"
54-451: Blue, 55".
PLAIN EDGE STYLES
Entire apron, including edges, is easily wiped clean.
Available in 2 colors and 45" length.
54-531: Blue, 45".
54-533: White, 45".
                          •Patent Nos .1781916. .1815153
                                                                                                                 13

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                     (Continued)

    COAT/APRON Elasticized wrists give a snug fit. Ideal
    for extra wet, messy jobs such as poultry killing, metal
    degreasing. spraying, and finishing. Available in .1 sizes.
    54-161: Blue, sizes S, M, and L.

    TROUGH  APRON Bottom edge folds up  to catch
    liquid  running down the front and channel  it to the
    side for run-off. Trough is  held in  place with PVC
    snaps, and unfolds completely for easy cleaning. Extra
    long nylofl  ties  cross over and tie in back to provide
    easy size adjustment and greater comfort.
    54-573: White, 45".
    SLEEVE/LEGGING Liquidproof seam  is electroni-
    cally sealed. Sewn-in  elastic ties,  with  rusi-resistant
    metal tips, permit size  and tension adjustment at both
    ends. 54-103: White, 18" length.
                          rens
    TOUGH, VIRGIN VINYL ... for longer service and
    extra protection against oils, fats, chemicals, and punc-
    tures. 36" wide. Opaque.
    ECONOMICAL .  .  .  replace heavy neoprene  and
    rubber aprons for food processing, plating, metal fabri-
    cating, and general clean-up.
    PLAIN EDGES . . . eliminate bacteria and dirt traps.
    Entire  apron is easily wiped clean.
    NYLON NECK & WAIST TIES . .  . extra long and
    pre-attached for immediate use. Plastic tips keep ends
    from fraying.  Chrome  plated steel  grommets  resist
    rust.

    "Job-Fitted" for: Metal fabricating • Foundry work
    • Food processing.

    54-733: White, 45".
    54-742: Green,  50".
    HEAVY  DUTY
    with
    PANEL
    Same as above except with a 24" x 17" panel, electroni-
    cally welded at  mid-section, to provide  extended ser-
    vice. When worn thru, panel can be removed to expose
    new surface  underneath.
    54-932: Green, 45".
    54-933: White, 45".
                                                                   COAT/APRON
                                      HEAVY DUTY
                                                              HEAVY DUTY
                                                              WITH PANEL
              hycar coated
EXTRA TOUGH .  . heavy-duty  fabric  is  coated
on both sides to provide extended service. Wears up
to 20% longer than neoprene on straight abrasion.
EXCELLENT PROTECTION  ...  far  superior  to
natural rubber and neoprene for protection  against
abrasion, cuts, snags, punctures, and an'TuI  tats
STAYS FLEXIBLE . . . even when cold.
WIDE BIB .  . provides extra  splash  protection for
upper chest.
COMFORTABLE  NECK STRAP ... is adjustable
for proper fit. Buckle snaps on, and off for quick
release.
"Job-Fitted" for:  Meat packing  and processing •
Canning plants • Chemical plants • Fishing indus-
try • Plating • Foundries  • Metal fabricating • Bat-
tery reclamation • General clean-up.

54-365: White, 35" wide x 47" long.
54-367: Yellow
14

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          A-164
                             CLOTHING FOR WET WEATHER & CHEMICAL PROTECTION

                                 MADE IN THE U S A TO RIGID STANDARDS OF QUALITYi
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Lightweight Fabric
Comfortable yet tough. No stiff,
restricted feeling.  Made with nylon
netting bonded between layers of vinyl.
Won't let punctures tear and spread.
Has excellent resistance to oil, caustics,
alcohols, oxidation and mildew.
Non-corrosive,
Non-conductive Snaps
You get both safety and
convenience with quick,
release and protection'from
electric shock. Snaps won't
rust and can be opened
 \en while wearing gloves.
3.
Dielectrically Welded Seams
Weak and split seams are
obsolete with Wet-Wear 600.
Using the most advanced
dielectric welding equipment.
seams are uniformly bonded.
          Generous Sizing
          Roomy proportions permit
          free and easy movement for
          bending and stretching. More
          space in crotch, waist, and
          chest. No need to stock
          many different sizes to
          accommodate workers.
      Batwing Sleeves
      Provide unrestricted arm
      movement. Won't bind when
      you reach or stretch.
           7.
           Velvet-lined Collar
           Puts extra comfort around the
           neck. On velvet-collar jacket,
           and raincoat.
                                             ^2Jj
        Storm-fly Front
        Helps keep rain and
        chemicals out. On
        hooded and velvet-collar
        jackets, and raincoat.
8.
Elasticized Suspenders
"Give and take" with body movements
to prevent binding and provide extra
comfort. On overalls.
                                          PANTS
                                          Elasticized waistband gives ex-
                                          tra comfort. Can be matched
                                          with any Wet-Wear 600 jacket
                                          to make a suit.
                                          65-627: Sizes S, M, L, XL, XXL.
ECONOMY JACKET
Simple styling provides eco-
nomical protection. Combine
with the pants to make a basic
suit.
65-620: Sizes S, M, L, XL, XXL.

(Continued on next page)
             Comfort  is the  reason  so many
                                                  Wet-Wear  600

-------
                                                         Extra-small  size and   A-165
                                                         accessories . . . available on
                                                         special  order                       I

                                                         Ask your Wet-Wear 600 distributor for detail^
                                                         and prices, or contact Edmont-Wilson 1300 Walnut
                                                         Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812. Phone: (614)1
                                                         622-4311.
                                                                                                                                       I
  BIB OVERALLS
  Elasticized suspenders with
  non-corrosive slides for length
  adjustment. Available with or
 • without one-snap fly.
  65-605: Sizes S, M, L, XL, XXL.
  65-615: With fly front.     -^
RAINCOAT
49" long.       Velvet-lined,
mandarin-style collar. Storm-
fly front. Two patch pockets
with flaps.
65-602: Sizes S, M, L, XL.
   HOODED JACKET
   Full sized hood, with  nylon
   drawstring, is dielectrically
   welded to jacket, Storm-fly
   front.
   65-600: Sizes S, M, L, XL, XXL.
VELVET COLLAR JACKET
Velvet-lined, mandarin style
collar. Storm-fly front. Hood
(shown at left) attaches with
non-corrosive snaps.
65-610: Sizes S, M, L, XL, XXL.
DETACHABLE HOOD
For velvet collar jacket.  At-
taches with non-corrosive
snaps. Nylon drawstring. 65-611.
                                    SOU'WESTER HAT
                                    Four piece crown with soft cot-
                                   . ton lining, ear flaps, and chin
                                    ties. 65-609: Sizes M & L.
                                                                                             EXTRA-SMALL SIZE JACKET
                                                                                             Sized and tailored to fit women and men under
                                                                                             5'5" and 130 Ibs. Has storm-fly front and velvet-
                                                                                             lined collar.

                                                                                             EXTRA-SMALL SIZE OVERALLS
                                                                                             Sized and tailored to fit women and men under
                                                                                             5'5" and 130 Ibs. Has elasticized suspenders  with
                                                                                             non-corrosive slides for length adjustment.
                                                                                                   I
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                                                                                                   I
                                                                             CONCEALED SNAP FASTENERS
                                                                             ON HOODED AND VELVET
                                                                             COLLAR JACKETS
                                                                             Special cover flap on jacket front
                                                                             helps prevent fasteners from becom-
                                                                             ing entangled in fishing nets and
                                                                             other  equipment. Available on all
                                                                             sizes.
                                                                               8" INNER SLEEVE ON HOODED
                                                                               JACKET
                                                                               Doubles the liquid-protection for
                                                                               hand and forearm. Elastic at wrist
                                                                               provides a snug fit to help keep splash
                                                                               and spray out. Available on all sizes.
                                                                                                    Perma-Bond
                                                                                                    Stenciling
                                                                                                    Trademarks and special designs, as well
                                                                                                    as block lettering can  be silk-screened
                                                                                                    on  any style Wet-Wear 600 garment.
                                                                                                    Inks used are formulated to resist chemi-
                                                                                                    cals and abrasion.
                                                                                                                                      I

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                                                                                                                                      I

                                                                                                                                      I
16
                                             Edmont-Wilson, Coshocton, OH  43812
                                             Division of Becton, Dickinson and Company

                                             .Fireball, Grab-it, Grappler, Hycron. Hynit, JFA, Job-Fitted,
                                             Kanry-Tex, Knit-Rite, Monotex,  Neox,  Poly-D, Seams-Rite,
                                             Snorkel, STD, Tru-Touch, Tuf-Duk, Werx, Wet-Wear, Edmont,
                                             B-D are registered trade marks.      .,.  ..'-,,.-    ...--'>>»;'
                                             FORM 3078    MFGR'S. CODE 697514    Printed in U.S.A.

-------
A-166
Industrial
   Gloves
 'Goodrich

-------
  Index
  Design details	2
  Chemical comparison chart  .   3
  BFGoodrich lightweight
    natural latex	4
  BFGoodrich lightweight
    neoprene nitrile  ....   5
  BFGoodrich heavy duty
    industrial gauntlets  .  .   .6-7
  Hood neoprene coated gloves 8-9
  Hood Magnet® gloves  ...  10
  Hood Koroseal® gloves .  .   .  10
  Hood PVC coated gloves .   .10
  Hood rubber coated gloves   .  11
  Hood Ruf-N-Tuf  coated gloves  11
Design  Details

      Tensile strength
High quality and dependability
are maintained through modern
technical equipment and
experience. Special instruments
test the tensile strength and
stretchability of the latex-coated
gloves. This assures the utmost in
flexibility, long wear, depend-
ability and economy.
      Careful inspection
Famous for high manufacturing
standards and workmanship.
These standards have been
maintained not only through
continuous research, but through
frequent and careful inspections
during production. They also
undergo rigid inspection when
completed.


  Natural latex—Neoprene
Natural rubber gloves are made
by a special process that assures
uniform gauge, high tensile
strength and excellent resistance
to tearing and snagging. They will
withstand the action of most acids
except the strong oxidizing acids.
Not recommended for use with oil
or grease. Neoprene gloves have
high resistance to acids, alkalies,
oil and grease, long aging quali-
ties, good flexibility, high  tensile
strength.
                                                                                              A-167
Reinforced thumb crotch
       Reinforced
       cuff band
                                    Curved fingers
                                                                             Gauntlet
                                                                       Palm coated
                                                                       Grip-All
                                                                            Band cuff
                                                                     34" shoulder length gauntlet
                                                                      Knit wrist
2

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      A-168
BFGoodrich chemical comparison chart
    chemicaf
           Natural
          Neo- Rubber  Nilnle
          prene or Latex (Buna - N) PVC
  Natural
Neo- Rubber Nilnle
prene or Latex (Buna - N) PVC
  Natural
Neo- Rubber Nilnle
prene or Latex |Buna - N) PVC
A




















B











C



























O















E












p


— Acetaldehyde
Acetate
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acetylene Gas
Acetylene Tetrachlorlde
Acrylomtnle
Amidol
Amme Hardeners
Ammonium Hydroxide
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Anhydrous Ammonia
Aniline
Aniline Hydrochlonde
Aniline Oil
Animal Fats
Animal Oils
Anodex
Anthracene
Aromatic Fuels
— Banana Oil
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
Blacosolve
Butane
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Alcohol
Butylaidehyde
Butylene
— Calcium Hydroxide
Carbolic Acid
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Disulphide
Carbon Tetrachlorlde
Castor Oil
Cello-Solve
Cello-Solve Acetate
Chlorophenylene
Diamine
Chlorine
Chlorine Gas
Chioro Benzene
Chloroacetone
Chloroform
Chloronaphithalene
Chloropicrm
Chlorothene
Chromic Acid
Chromotex
Citric Acid
Cotton Seed Oil
Creosote
Cresol
Cupric Nitrate
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
— Decaborane
Degreasing Fluids
Dtacetone Alcohol
Diethyltiamme
Di-lsocyanate
Diborane
Dibenzyl Ether
Dibutyl Phthalate
Dichlorethane
Dtchloroporopene
Diesel Fuel
Diethanolamine
Diethylamme
Dnsobutyl Ketone
Dimethyl Formamide
Dioctyl Phthalate
Diosane
— Emulsifying Agent
Ernulthogene
Epichloro
Epoxy Resins Dry
Esters
Ethane Gas
Ethanol
Ethers
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Formate
Ethylamlme
Ethylenediamme
Ethylene Dichlonde
Ethylene Gas
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Trichloride
Fatty Acids
Ferrocyanide
Fluoric Acid
E
G
E
G
E
F
G
G
F
E
F
E
G
G
F
F
E
E
G
F
P
F
F
P
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G
F
G
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G
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F
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G

G
G
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F
P
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G
G
G
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G
G
G
F
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G
F
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F
G
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G
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F
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G
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F
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F
F
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G
F
E
E
E
NR
F
E
F
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P
E
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F
P
P
P
F
E
P
NR
P
F
NR
E
F
P
P
F
F
E
G
G
E
E
E
F
P
P
G
F

P
F
F
P
E
P
P
P
NR
P
G
E
P
G
G
G
F
F
E
P
P
E
F
P
P
G
p
NR
P
p
G
G
F
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G
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F
G
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F
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F
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G
G
G
G
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G
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G
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P
G

F
G
G
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F
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F
P
F
F
G
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
G
E
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F
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G
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F
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G
E
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P
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G
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P
E
F
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F
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F
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G
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F
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G
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F
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F
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F
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P
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G
G
F
E
G
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F
F
G
F
F

F
F
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P
F
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G
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G
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F
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F
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p
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G
P
P
F
F
F
E
P
G
G
P
p
G
P
p
p
F
P
G
G
P
F
F
Fluorine
Fluorine Gas
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Freon 1 1
Freon 1 2
Freon 21
Freon 22
Furlural
G— Gasoline Leaded
Gasoline Unleaded
Glycerine
Glycerol
Glycol
Gold Fluoride
Grain Alcohol
H— Halogens
Hexamethylene
Tetramme
Hexane
Hexyl Acetate
Hydraulic Oil
Petroleum Base
Ester Base
Hydrazme
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen Gas
Hydrogen
Peroxide — SOS
Hydro-Qumone
Hydrafluosilic Acid
1 — Inorganic Salts
Iso-oclane
Isopropanol
Isopropyl Alcohol
K — Kerosene
Ketones
L— Lacquer Thinners
Lactic Acid
Laurie Acid
Lmeoleic Acid
Linseed Oil
M — Maleic Acid
Mercuric Chloride
Mercury
Methane Gas
Methanol
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Alcohol
Methylamme
Methyl Bromide
Methyl Cellosolve
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Formate
Methylene Bromide
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacylate
Mineral Oils
Monochlorbenzene
Monoethanolamme
Morpholme
Muriatic Acid
N — Naphthalene
Naphthas Aliphatic
Naphthas Aromatic
Nitric Acid
Nitric Acid Red &
White Fuming
Nitrobenzene
Nitroethane
Nitrogen Gas
Nitromethane
Nitropropane
Nitrous Oxide
O — Octyl Alcohol
Oleic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Oxygen Liouid
P— Paint Thinners
Paint and Varnish
Removers
Palmitic Acid
Paradichlorobenzene
Parathione
Penta Borane
Pentachlora phenol
Pentane
Perchloric Acid
Perchlorethylene
Permachlor
Petroleum Spirits
Phenol
Phenylene Diamine
Phil-solv
Phosphoric Acid
G
G
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
E
E
E
G
E
G

F
F
F

G
E
F
E
E
E

G
G
F
E
F
£
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
F
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
E
F
E
E
E
G
E
G
G

P
c
F
E
F
F
G
E
E
E
G
G
E
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p
F
F
E
E
F
E
E
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G
G
E
E
F
F
E
E
p
P
p
P
G
P
p
E
E
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F

G
P
P

P
P
G
E
E
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G
G
F
E
G
E
E
E
F
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
p
E
G
G
G
G
G
E
G
F
F
G
G
F
G
E
P
E
E
E
F
F
P
F

P
P
P
E
P
P
G
E
F
E
p
F
F
E
F
F
P
G
G
F
NR
F
F
F
P
Q
F
G
G
G
E
E
F
F
F
F
F
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
G

F
E
F

E
G
G
G
G
E

G
G
G
E
P
E
E
F
E
F
E
F
P
P
E
E
G
E
E
F
E
F
F
G
G
G
F
G
F
G
G
F
P
G
E
G
G
E
G
F

P
F
F
E
f
F
G
E
E
E
F
G
G
E
G
F
F
F
E
F
E
E
E
G
F
E
E
F
F
F
E
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
E
E
E
E
G
F

G
F
F

F
P
E
G
F
G

F
F
F
G
P
G
G
F
F
F
G
G
G
F
G
F
F
G
G
P
G
F
P
P
P
NR
F
P
P
NR
F
G
P
G
G
G
G
P
P
F

P
P
P
G
P
P
F
F
F
G
P
F
P
G
E
P
P
F
P
p
NR
NR
P
G
P
p
F
G
Pickling Solution G G G G
Picric Acid EG E F
Pine Oil E P E G
Pitch E P E F
Plating Solutions E E E E
Potassium Alum G G G E
Potassium Bromide G G G E
Potassium Chrome
Alum G G G G
Potassium Dichromate F F F G
Potassium Ferrocyanide G G G G
Potassium Hydrozide E E EG
Printing Inks EG E F
Propane Gas E E EG
Propanoi-iso E E EG
Propyl Acetate G F G F
Propyl Alcohol E E EG
Propyl Alcohol ISO E E E G
Propylene Gas E F EG
Propyne Gas E F EG
R — Red Fuming Nitric Acid P P P P
S — Sliver Nitrate EG G F
SkydrolSOO P G P P
Sodium Carbonate
Metol G G G G
Sodium Hydroxide E E EG
Sodium Sulphite G G G G
Sodium Thiosulphide G G G F
Solvarsol E F E F
Solvessos P P E P
Stearic Acid E E EG
Stoddards Solvent E F E F
Styrene P P F P
Styrene 100% P P F P
Sulphuric Acid G G G F
T — TanmcAcid E E E E
Tetra Hydro Borane F P F P
Tetraethyl Lead E F E P
Tetrahydrofuran P F P F
Toluene Di-isocyanate F G F P
Toluol F P E P
Tnchlor F P G P
Trichlorethylene F P G P
Tnchloroethane P P F p
Tricresyl Phosphate G F F NR
Tndecyl Alcohol G F E F
Tnethanolamine EG EG
Trinitrotoluene G P EG
Trinitrotoluol G P EG
Triptane E P E P
Tung Oil E P E F
Turco No 2998 P P P P
Turpentine G F EG
U — Unsymmetncal
Dimethyl Hydrazme F P G P
V — Varnolme Gas E F E F
Varsol G F G F
Vegetable Oils EG EG
W — Wood Alcohol E E G G
Wood Preservatives G F G F
Woodyouth F P E P
X — Xylene P P E P
Xylidene E F E P
Z- Zinc Chloride E E E F

PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Tensile Strength E E E F
Elongation E E F F
Tear Resistance G G F F
Abrasion Resistance G G EG
Heat Resistance E F G P
Ozone Resistance EG G E
Sunlight Aging E F G F
Shelf Life Aging E E E F



KEY:
E — Excellent G— Good F— Fair P — Poor
NR — Not Recommended
This comparison chart shows the relative re-
sistance ratings ot various glove materials to
solvents commonly used in industry We rec-
ommend rotation of gloves in service according
to prevailing conditions If excessive swelling
occurs change to another pair allowing swollen
gloves to dry
In genera! gloves should be cleaned immedi-
after use particularly when using acids-or other
chemicals This information is based on room
Jure should be watched as to its effect on gloves
Proper care will insure longer life
I

-------
lightweight
natural
latex
Each of these gloves has an
embossed design on the palm and
fingers to insure a comfortable,
firm, easy grip. And all these
gloves are U.S.D.A. approved, and
meet OSHA standards.

2937
 Gauge
Sizes
Length  Color
 Light
 (.015) 7-91/2,10, 11
Lightweight. Curved
fingers provide
comfort and reduce
fatigue. Pinked
cuff.
      12"
          Amber
   2937
                2938
                 Gauge
                  Sizes   Length  Color
                 Light
                 (.018) 7-9V2.10, 11
                Maximum
                resistance to tear
                and puncture.
                Pinked cuff.
                        12"  Natural
                       2939
                        Gauge
                       Sizes
                       Length  Color
                 Light
                 (.018) 7-9'/2,10, 11

                Soft, flexible,
                floe-lined. Easy
                removal.
                Pinked cuff.
                                        Gold
                         2939
BFGoodrich
lightweight
industrial
gloves
2940            A ,69
litentuf glove
 Gauge  Sizes   Length  Color
 (.015) 7-91/2,10,11  12"  Natural
Combining dexterity and
sensitivity with an
excellent wet or
dry grip.
Recommended
for use in
liquids, handling
glass or
ceramics, or in
food
processing.
                                                    2940

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        A- 17P
lightweight
neoprene
gloves
2941
flexiprene glove
Gauge
Sizes
Length  Color
                   lightweight
                   nitrile (nbr)
                   gloves
                   2942
                   nitrile (nbr) gloves
                                       powdered PVC
                                       disposable
                                       gloves
                                       3000
                                        Gauge
                                              Sizes
        Length  Color
 Light
 (.015)  7,8,9,10,11  11"   Black
Combining the resistance of
neoprene with the sensitivity of
latex by utilizing natural latex on
the inside and neoprene on the
outside. Grip design palm.
Recommended for work requiring
resistance to oils,
acids, alcohols
and solvents.
Also has many
applications
in food
processing.
                           Gauge
                          Sizes
                          Length  Color
                                                      .005
S, M, L, X-L   10"
                                                                 Sheer
                    2942
                    Light
                    (.015)  7,8,9,10,11   11"   Ivory
                   Resists abrasion, puncture and
                   chemicals better than any other
                   glove. Nitrile gloves are especially
                   suitable for use in chlorinated
                   solvents. They are also
                   well suited for use in      ,
                   the food processing    ' /
                   industry. Grip       ' f    '
                   design palm.
                                       U.S.D.A. approved. Sheer, seam-
                                       less, extra-sensitive construction.
                                       Excellent for food handling,
                                       meat packing and clean
                                       room environments.
                                       Applicable for the   ;  /  •'.
                                       electronic,       • „
                                       pharmaceutical
                                       and printing
                                       industries.
                                                             3000

-------
natural
latex
                       2911
                          Gauge
                                              2912
                          Sizes  Length Color
Gauge    Sizes
        A-171
Length  Color
                               I
The gloves on this page are made
by a special process that assures
uniform gauge, high tensile
strength and excellent resistance
to tearing and snagging.
BFGoodrich rubber gloves will
withstand the action of most acids
except the strong oxidizing acids.
Not recommended for use with
oil or grease.
                        Extra Heavy
                          (.055)
                         9,10,11  14"
                                                        Black
                       Smooth finish. Curved fingers.
                       Recommended for
                       heavy industrial
                       use. Excellent for
                       sandblasting.
2921
 Gauge
 Sizes
Length   Color
 Medium
  (.045)
9,10, 11
 14"
Curved fingers.
Molded non-slip
palm and fingers.
Recommended
for heavy
industrial use.
                                               Smooth finish.
                                               Curved fingers.
                                               Recommended
                                               for heavy
                                               industrial use.

-------
Heavy duty

neoprene
Service: for assembly operation,
leather and textile processing,
polishing, paint spraying, photo
engraving, dye manufacturing,
electroplating, petroleum refining,
lithography and soap
manufacturing.
Features: Neoprene gloves have
high resistance to acids, alkalies,
oil and grease, long aging
qualities, good flexibility, high
tensile strength. Gauges indicated
are nominal.
2920
                               2935
 Gauge
         Sizes
Length   Color
Gauge
Sizes
Length   Color
 Medium
  (.035)  9,10,11,12

Smooth finish.
Curved fingers.
                  14"
                       Black
               Medium
                (.035)    10,11

               Smooth finish.
               Curved fingers.
                 18"   Black
                2920
                               2930
                                Gauge
         Sizes
                Length  Color
Medium
 (.045)   9,10,11

Curved fingers.
Molded non-slip
palm and
fingers.
                  14"
                                                      Black
                                               2935
                                                                Light
                                                                (.018)   7,8,9.

                                                               Curved fingers.
                                                               Ribbed gripping
                                                               surface. Straight

-------
7701-P  7703
                       4710
  No.
Style
Weight  Color
No.
Style
Weight   Color
 7701-P  12" gauntlet  Standard Black
 7703   141/2" gauntlet Standard Black
       with cuff band

Reinforced thumb crotch gives
extra protection where the wear
occurs. Tough and durable
standard weight. Gives economy
through cut and tear resistant
features. Neoprene
coated to resist
oils, grease,
chemicals and
abrasion. Coated
fabric cuff.
                        4710    Knit wrist   Heavy   Black
                       Palm coated with acid and oil-
                       resistant Neoprene for additional
                       protection. Heavyweight,
                       knit wrist glove.
                       for use where
                       all-over pro-
                       tection is not
                       necessary.
4700
4702   4703
                                                                        A-173
                                                 No.
                                        Style
                                         Weight   Color
4700
4702


4703
Knit wrist
Knit wrist
(straight
fingers)
Knit wrist
Standard
Heavy


Heavy
Black
B!aoK


Black
                                                  4710
                                               Industrial heavyweight and
                                               Neoprene coated. Highly resistant
                                               to acids, caustics, oils, grease
                                               and abrasion. Especially
                                               recommended in industries
                                               where knit wrist protective
                                               gloves are needed,
                                               such as, automotive,
                                               fishing, mining,
                                               steel and
                                               chemical.
                      7701-P
                                                                                  4703
   I
(I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I
   I

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I
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 I
4749
  No.
 Style
 Weight   Color
 4749
Knit wrist
Standard  Black
7700
7701   7705
                                                          7702  7706
                                                                   No.
Style
Weight  Color
A standard weight, fully Neoprene
coated, jumbo mitten with knit
wrist. Made extra large to allow a
woolen glove to be worn inside
for warmth. Particularly
recommended for commercial
fishermen, firemen, policemen,
lumbermen and for all outdoor
work that involves handling large
objects in
stormy or
cold
weather.
     4749
                                  No.
                                          Style
                                           Weight  Color
                          7700   10" gauntlet  Standard Black
                          7701   12" gauntlet  Standard Black
                          7705   12" gauntlet  Heavy   Black
                         A standard weight, fully Neoprene
                         coated, 12" gauntlet. Highly
                         resistive to chemicals, oils,
                         grease and abrasion. Offers
                         complete wrist protection against
                         sharp objects. Also
                         made in 10"
                         gauntlet
                         styles.
                                      7701
                                                  7702 UVz" gauntlet  Standard Black
                                                  7706 141/z" gauntlet  Heavy   Black
                                                 A standard weight, fully coated
                                                 141/2" gauntlet. Ideal for jobs that
                                                 require prolonged submersion of
                                                 the hands in chemicals, oils and
                                                 other liquids. Also comes in a
                                                 heavier weight which
                                                 is highly abrasion
                                                 and cut-resistant.
                                                                                      7702
                                                                  7799
                                                                   No.
                                                                   Style
                                                                  Weight  Color
                                                                   7799  34" shoulder   Standard  Black
                                                                        length gauntlet
                                                                  A standard weight, fully coated,
                                                                  34" shoulder length gauntlet.
                                                                  Especially recommended for use
                                                                  in cleaning large vats where
                                                                  maximum protection
                                                                  and acid resistance
                                                                  are necessary.

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   Hood
   magnet
   gloves
   M-500 M-501
   M-502 M-503
               Hood
               koroseal
               gloves
               K-200  K-201
               K-202  K-203
                              Hood
                              pvc coated
                              gloves
                              PV-96  PV-97
                              PV-98  PV-99
                                         A-175
                                       I
                                            c"
                                               I
    Product
     No.
Cuff Style
Color
Product
 No.
Cuff Style
Color
M-500
M-501
M-502
M-503
Knit wrist
12" gauntlet
141/2" gauntlet
10" gauntlet
Black
Black
Black
Black
K-200
K-201
K-202
K-203
Knit wrist
12" gauntlet
14%" gauntlet
Safety cuff
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
   Made of Neoprene. Resists oil,
   sunlight and ozone. A non-slip
   glove that will not scratch or
   leave ugly marks.
   Long wearing.
   Lined with
   Canton flannel.
       M-500
                Made with premium quality PVC
                compound. Industrial weight,
                fully coated with cotton jersey
                liner. Greater resistance to
                destructive solvents, caustics, and
                light oils. Longer wearing because
                its two-piece
                jersey shell
                has no seams
No. Cuff Style
PV-96 Knit wrist
PV-97 2" band cuff
PV-98 12" gauntlet
PV-99 14Vz" gauntlet
Fully plastic coated with
over Cotton Jersey
for maximum wear.
Standard weight.
Very resistive to *
abrasion. Ideal for
use in greases,
oils and in handling
abrasive materials : v;
such as glass and ;«y*
cinder blocks, '^-jfr Jf
Entirely liquid ~j«P J»P
Color
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Vinyl







^ ^ • ~-~-~-
mm











ii
•",".'
:".-".. :.."<*»
SisjpTX-™
,-  ..metals with oily or wet surfaces.
;iV:y;|Recom mended for usage when a /
    on-slip, firm grip glove is ;:«ti§^i|.
    equired. Standard weight and
    lly coated,  f
     mes in most
                             stuffs and
                           thertiestfuctive
                            emicals

-------
  Hood
  ruf-n-tuf
  gloves
  5000 5001 5002
  50035004
  5005
        Hood
        rubber
        coated gloves
        5043
          No.
                 Cuff Style
                   Color
         5043
                 Knit wrist
                           Tan
    No.
           Cuff Style
Color
5000

5001


5002

5003

5004

5005


Knit wrist
Fully coated
Palm coated
Safety cuff,
Elastic wrist
Knit wrist
Palm coated
10" gauntlet
Fully coated
12" gauntlet
Fully coated
Palm coated
12" gauntlet,
Elastic wrist
Tan

Tan


Tan

Tan

Tan

Tan


A standard weight glove, fully
coated with natural rubber latex
over Cotton Jersey shell offers
complete leak-proof
protection. Very flexible.
Has a wide range of
uses in most industries
where greases and oil
are not used. Ideal for
commercial fisherman
because of flexibility.
                                                         5043
 Coated with natural rubber latex,
 crinkle finish which offer excellent
 resistance to slipping — plus long
 wear. Enable the wearer to have a
^stronger, firmer grip. Very flexible
, and heavyweight. Can be worn on
 most wet or dry jobs where oil or
 grease is non-existant. Especially
 recommended for use in
 industries that require
~" """ jofglasCfpfy
 Sheet metals or other
 sharp materials.
 Jteejient gjipping 5
pjufalIties^f|)Hiftirjg

-------
measure BFGoodrich products
by the work they do.
you'll find they're
a bargain.
                                                A-177
BFGOODRICH INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS DISTRICT OFFICES
Akron District
  500 South Main Street
  Akron, Ohio 44318
  21S—379-3056

Atlanta District
  2301 Parklake Drive, N.E.
  Atlanta, Georgia 30345
  404—934-4021

Boston District
  Framingham Industrial Park Bldg.
  1661 Worcester Road
  Framingham, Mass. 01701
  617—873-7408

Chicago District
  10701 W. Belmont Avenue
  Franklin Park, Illinois 60131
  312—455-6600
Dallas District
 1111 W. Mockingbird Lane
 Dallas, Texas 75247
 214—630-5601

Denver District
 2500 West 8th Avenue
 Denver, Colorado 80201
 303—825-7671

Detroit District
 26211 Central Park Blvd.
 Southfield, Mich. 48076
 313—357-3939
Minneapolis District
  12805 W. High way 55
  Plymouth, Minn. 55441
  612—559-0535

Philadelphia District
  3433 Marshall Lane
  Cornwells Hts., Penn. 19020
  215—628-3000

San Francisco District
  One Peninsula Place
  1700 So. Amphlett Blvd.
  Suite 305
  San Mateo, Calif. 94402
  415—573-0500
   ;rGoodrach
 Engineered  Systems Division
 Dept. 0716
 500 S. Main Street
 Akron, Ohio 44318
 Litho in U S A
                                                                        IPC-77-PC-1 a^

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I
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A-173
      RECEIVED
       DEC 0 S :37:]
     OTPATMl HEALTH Aiiu *i;i<
         mm
Leader in Hand Safety

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Hand  Safety is Our Business
There is no all-purpose form of hand
protection. The material used for
gloves depends largely upon what is
being handled. Granet glove coatings
are designed to give protection from a
variety of hazards. These coatings sur-
pass leather, canvas and cotton in
wearing ability depending on the job
application. Some gloves have granules
or rough materials incorporated in the
base coating for better gripping ability.
Several Granet glove models are coated
with  rubber, synthetic elastomers and
plastics which offer protection against
all types of petroleum  products, caustic
soda, tanmc acid and hydrochloric acid.
These gloves are available in varying
coatings and styles to  meet individual
conditions.
How to select the proper
Granet Glove
Matching specific gloves to the many
materials, conditions and operations
requiring some degree of hand pro-
tection is a complex and often times,
confusing job.  The majority of accidents
involving hands and arms can be clas-
sified under four major hazard factors:
Chemicals, Abrasion, Cutting and Heat.
To facilitate Granet glove selection, each
model's performance in one or more
major hazard category is identified as a
symbol and  resistance rating. The
symbols and recommendations made
herein relate only to products depicted
in this catalog.
SYMBOLS:
CHEMICALS  ABRASION    CUTTING
                                HEAT
 RESISTANCE RATING:
 S - Superior, E - Excellent, G - Good, F - Fair

 NOTE: Many Granet Glove models offer
 superior and excellent resistance in
 more than one hazard category. These
 multiple benefits per glove model, keep
 glove costs down by reducing glove
 inventories.
 To select the proper glove for hand pro-
 tection against a specific chemical...
 see Physical Properties and Chemical
 Resistance Charts on the back cover.
ROYALTON
       600
                                               Plastic impregnated cotton
                                           ROYALTON  "600" is a standard weight,  6-
                                           ounce  cotton flannel sheeting -impregnated
                                           with our own long wearing plastic compound.
                                           Replaces goatskin and light leather gloves
                                           Outwears 8-ounce cotton gloves.
                                           Recommended for inspection work, handling
                                           small parts, truck driving, warehouse han-
                                           dling,  metal fabricating, maintenance and
                                           general work inside and out.
                                           Features:
                                           • Tailored design.
                                           • Slip-on style available with perforated back
                                             for coolness
                                           • Finger dexterity.
                                           • Nonslip grip.
                                           • Liquid  repellent. (Not liquid proof)
                                           • Can  be laundered repeatedly
                                           No.    Style	Size
                                           604    Women's Knitwnst               M,L
                                           605    Women's Slip-on  perforated back    M,L
                                           606    Women's Slip-on                 M,L
                                           654    Men's Knitwnst                 M,L
                                           655    Men's Slip-on perforated back      M,L
                                           656    Men's Slip-on                  M,L
                                           657    Men's Slip-on Glo-Gluv            M,L
                                           658    Men's Knitwnst Glo-Gluv          M,L
                                           659    Women's Slip-on  Glo-Gluv	M.L
                                           Color stitching on cuff allows for size matching after
                                           laundering
                                                 Women's  Medium	Red
                                                           Large	Blue
                                                   Men's  Medium	Yellow
                                                           Large	Black
                                                                                            ROYALTON
                                                                                                   700
                                                                                                                          \-179
                                        Plastic impregnated cotton
                                               Heavy weight
                                    ROYALTON "700" is a rugged  work glove,
                                    made  from  cotton fabric  finished with a
                                    special  heavy-weight  plastic, and incorpo-
                                    rates the same  excellent  features  of  the
                                    ROYALTON "600".
                                    Features:
                                    • Liquid repellent (not liquid proof).
                                    • Cool and comfortable.
                                    • Good grip wet or dry.
                                    No.    Style	
                                    701    Men's Knitwnst,  clute cut, "600"
                                          back cloth binding
                                    702    Men's Slip-on, clute cut, "600"
                                          back cloth binding
                                    754    Men's Kmtwnst
                                    756    Men's Slip-on
                                                                     657

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A-180
         ROYALTON
       900  &   1000
  Plastic impregnated/Stretch gloves

  ROYALTON "900" and "1000" stretch gloves
  are made of a stretchable interlock lining, im-
  pregnated with an exclusive  plastic com-
  pound. Their finger dexterity, grip, fit and
  comfort excels characteristics  of  goatskin,
 "capeskm and cotton at lower cost per man
  hour of use
  These gloves are  ideal for jobs involving as-
  sembly, inspection,  machining  and pack-
  aging  small sensitive  parts.   ROYALTON
  "1000" is white, USDA accepted  Ideal for
  food processing,  pharmaceutical, TV manu-
  facturing and clean room operations where
  cleanliness is vital
  Features:
  • Tailored—has  snug fit  of goatskin and
    capeskm leather gloves.
  • Fully launderable
  • Maximum dexterity and  "feel"
  • Cool and comfortable.
                                           DYNAGRIP


                                              Q@   ©
                                           E  XfcFs   >*^G
                                          Plastic coated/Wet grip
                                    DYNAGRIP is an abrasion resistant work glove,
                                    superior for handling oil, acids, caustics and
                                    many solvents. Made with a 2-piece |ersey
                                    shell and special plastic  overcoating, DYNA-
                                    GRIP offers double thickness protection with
                                    the  comfort  and  flexibility of one.  This
                                    model features a wet grip that  lasts for the
                                    life of the glove
                                    Features:
                                    • Nonslip wet grip finish
                                    • Curved fingers—fit natural contour of the
                                      hand
                                    • No seams on wearing  surface
                                    • Superior flexibility
                                    • Color choice—green or yellow*
                                    No.   Style               Size     Coated
                                                                      GRAN FLEX
  No.    Style
                        Size
  906   Women's Slip-on
  956   Men's Slip-on
  1006  Women's Slip-on
  1056  Men's Slip.-on
                        S.M.L
                        M.L.XL
                        S,M,L
                        M,L,XL

52
53
510
520
512
514
518
522
Knitwnst
Knitwnst
Band Top
10" Gauntlet
12" Gauntlet
14" Gauntlet
18" Gauntlet
Women's Knitwnst



M,L
M.L
M.L


Fully
Palm
Fully
Fully
Fully
Fully
Fully
Fully
                                                                  Plastic coated/Washable lining

                                                               GRANFLEX is an abrasion resistant glove for
                                                               handling oil and many sojvents. This model
                                                               has an interlock fabric  lining coated  with
                                                               Granet's own special plastic compound, offer-
                                                               ing the flexibility and dexterity of a molded
                                                               rubber glove. GRANFLEX gloves outwear ordi-
                                                               nary rubber and most  coated  gloves on
                                                               similar operations without cracking or peeling.
                                                               Features:
                                                               • Two-piece wing thumb construction.
                                                               • Curved fingers— fit the natural contour of
                                                                  the hand.
                                                               • Invisible seams.
                                                               • Nonslip grip finish.
                                                               • Lining will not "ball up" from perspiration
                                                                  or laundering.
                                                               No.   Style _          Coated
92
920
902
912
914
Knitwnst
10" Gauntlet
11" Gauntlet Cadet
12" Gauntlet
14" Gauntlet
                                                                                                 Fully
                                                                                                 Fully
                                                                                                 Fully
                                                                                                 Fully
                                                                                                 Fully
  Color stitching on cuff allows for size matchmgafter
  laundering
        Women's
                    *lf yellow color is desired—specify "Y" after style
                     number
        Small
      Medium
        Large
Men's  Medium
        Large
   Extra Large
.. Green
.. Red
.. Blue
.. Yellow
.. Black
.. White

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       GRAN ECO N
                 GLO-GLUVS
                                                             9
    Plastic coated/Super flexible
GRANECON is an excellent general purpose
work glove with exceptional pliability, per-
mitting finger dexterity not possible in most
work gloves. Its soft jersey lining, formed out
of two separate pieces, eliminates seams on
the wearing surface and helps eliminate irri-
tation from within.
GRANEQON offers abrasion resistance with
excellent gripping qualities.
Features:
• Economical general purpose glove.
• Curved fingers— fits natural shape of hand.
• Abrasion resistant.
• Good gripping qualities.
• Available with a thermal  lining for cold
 : weather applications.
No.
Style
Coated
82
820
812
Knitwnst
10" Gauntlet
12" Gauntlet
WITH THERMAL LINING
2082        Knitwrist
2084    :    10" Gauntlet
2086     :   12" Gauntlet
  Fully
  Fully
  Fully

  Fully
  Fully
  Fully
    Plastic coated/Blaze orange

Highlight  safety in  your  plant with  GLO-
GLUVS® that afford maximum visibility, posi-
tive grip,  flexibility  and comtort.  A jersey
lining, coated  with a Blaze  Orange plastic
compound,   makes   them  . liquid-proof,
and abrasion resistant.
Regular   GLO-GLUVS   are  recommended
where worker safety and "spot" identification
are imperative.
Thermal-lined  GLO-GLUVS feature a soft
napped,  waffle  weave thermal  liner  for
warmth and comfort.  Ideal  for outdoor
workers,  policemen and  firemen in cold
weather.

Features:
• Abrasion resistant
• Maximum visibility for signaling and safety.
• Excellent gripping qualities.
• Two types of lining available.
                                            No.
                                            Style
                                Coated
                                1002
                                1012
                                1027
            Knitwrist
            12" Gauntlet
            Kmtwrist-Mitt
                                            WITH THERMAL LINING
                                            2002        Knitwnst
                                            2020        10" Gauntlet
                                            2012        12" Gauntlet
                                            2027        Kmtwrist-Mitt
Fully
Fully
Fully


Fully
Fully
Fully
Fully
                                                                   Cross section of
                                                                      waffle weave
                                                                          thermal
                                                                             liner
                                                  NEOPRENE
                                                                <2>s
                                                                                                                            A-181
      Liquid proof/Heavy duty

Granet NEOPRENE  work  gloves are  made
with a neoprene latex bonded to a soft cotton
shell.
NEOPRENE gloves are liquid-proof and resist-
ant to most chemicals. Recommended where
acids, solvents and caustics are used.
Features:
• Excellent cut and chemical resistance.
• Smooth finish
• Curved fingers—natural fit.
• Full size—wing thumb.
• Superior  bonding between  fabric  and
  coating.
• Some models available with heavy palm or
  thumb patch
No.   Style	     Coatei
101   Knitwnst                     Fully
104   Knitwnst                     Pilm
123   Knitwnst Lightweight              ;ily
212   12"  Gauntlet Extra Heavy          ,'^v
214   14"  Gauntlet Extra Heavy         ,-. y
610   10"  Gauntlet                   fi..i>
612   12"  Gauntlet                   Fully
714   14"  Gauntlet                   Fully
714P  14" Gauntlet with thumb patch     Fully
718   18"  Gauntlet                   Fully
731   31"  Gauntlet                   Fully
                                                                                                            2612
                                                                                      PYTHON

                                                                                                ©.
                                                                                     Neoprene/Wet grip
                                                                            PYTHON gloves have all the chemical resist-
                                                                            ance of neoprene  latex  plus a "wet-grip"
                                                                            finish.
                                                                                   Ho.    Style	Coated
                                                                                               2101
                                                                                               2612
                                                                                               2714
                                                                                               2718
                                                                                          Knitwrist
                                                                                          12" Gauntlet
                                                                                          14" Gauntlet
                                                                                          18" Gaunt'et
                                                                                     Fully
                                                                                     Fully
                                                                                     Fully
                                                                                     Fully
                                                                                  /

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           A-182
r
GUTLESS"
                     Natural rubber coated
                        Wet or dry grip

              GUTLESS  is a  ripple-textured  work glove
              which  provides  excellent protection against
              cuts, punctures, and slivers  A soft, comfort-
              able lining with a rugged  natural rubber
              coating makes  the GUTLESS an excellent
              replacement for leather gloves.
              Recommended for handling wire, tin, sheet
              metal,  nails and glass
              Features:
              • Tough crinkle  finish.
              • Cut and puncture resistant
              • Hand heat  dissipates through  uncoated
               back.
              • Firm Grip.
              No.         Style                Coated
             2404
             2411
             2413
             2421
             2424
Kmtwnst
Safety Cuff
12" Gauntlet
Women's Safety Cuff
Women's Kmtwnst
                          Palm
                          Palm
                          Palm
                          Palm
                          Palm
                 2411
                                                                SLIP-NOT
                                                                                     NYGRAN
       Natural rubber coated
           Wet or dry grip

SLIP-NOT is a rugged, general purpose glove
for  handling  rough  or  slippery  material.
A rough-finish latex coating over a soft cotton
lining provides thousands of gripping edges
for excellent holding power. Easily outwears
canvas and leather gloves on the same job.
Recommended for cutting and fabricating tin
and sheet metal; glass cutting and handling;
moving lumber, brick and concrete  blocks;
handling scrap metal and steel drums.
Features:
• Curved fingers and thumb  for natural fit
  and comfort.
• Natural rubber coating impregnated with
  "rubber dust" for extra wear and positive
  grip.
• Extreme resistance to abrasion and cutting.
• Also available without rubber dust. Specify
  "B" for BALD.
Nitrite rubber coated/Multi-purpose

NYGRAN gloves coated with nitrile rubber, a
synthetic  latex made jrpm butadiene and
actyJanitnle.  RecornmenfJed for protecting
hands  expSsed  to  hazardous   liquids,
operations involving  cutting  or abrasives,
handling oily or greasy materials. Excellent
dry grip on extremely smooth-finish surfaces.
NYGRAN gloves with their superior coating,
soft cotton lining, curved fingers and wing
thumb offer a premium quality product for
the toughest jobs.
Features:
• Superior cut, snag and chemical
  resistance.
• Nitrile rubber coating.
• 8-ounce cotton lining.
• Excellent adhesion  of coating to fabric.
• Curved fingers—minimum hand fatigue.
• Full size wing thumb.
                                            No.
            Style
                                                                           Coated
No.
401
404
409
411
420
412
413
424
Style
Kmtwnst
Knitwrist
Band Top
Safety Cuff
10" Gauntlet
12" Gauntlet
12" Gauntlet
Women's Kmtwnst
Coated Nl
Fully j N4
Palm N9
Palm
Palm
Fully
Fully ,
Palm
Palm
*N11
N13
N24
*N11J
N11F
Kmtwnst
Kmtwnst
Band Top
Safety Cuff
12" Gauntlet
Women's Kmtwnst
Jersey Lining
Flannel Lining
Fully
Palm
Palm
Palm
Palm
Palm


                                                               412

-------
        SPECIAL     \

  APPLICATIONS

            SLIP-NOT®
       Natural rubber coated
USOA accepted for poultry, meat packing,
canning operations and  food processors.
Curved  fingers and thumb for natural fit
and comfort.  Excellent  abrasion and cut
resistance.
No.
Style
Coated
401B
Kmtwnst
  Fully
        SPECIAL

  APPLICATIONS

        TRAPPERS GLOVE
       Heavy duty neoprene
Shoulder length neoprene; good chemical,
cut and abrasion resistance and liquid proof.
Recommended for deep tank cleaning and
dipping operations. Also used by tanners and
trappers.
Ho.	Style	Coated
                                                                                                                 A-1 S3
731
31" Gauntlet
Fully
     401B
        PYTHON NEOPRENE
    Wet-Grip with Thermal Lining

This model has all the characteristics and
quality  features of neoprene latex plus a
"wet-grip" finish and a thermal lining. The
ideal glove for outdoor workers  handling
smooth or slippery materials in cold weather.
 No.        Style               Coated
  2201
        NITRILE

           Unsupported

If the job calls for hand protection  check
the advantages you get with Granet's Nitnle
Unsupported Gloves.

• Superior chemical resistance to most
solvents, acids, bases, animal fats and alco-
hols. The Butadiene Acrylonitnle compound
offers better chemical resistance than neo-
prene and natural latex gloves

• Excellent  resistance  to   punctures,
snags,  cuts and abrasions.  This tough,
rugged  glove outwears  ordinary  rubber
gloves.

• Embossed palm. Grip surface is molded
(not etched), for good wet and dry grip quali-
ties.

• Hand-contoured fit. Comfortable, flexible
and sensitive, this glove  is  ideally suited for
many applications requiring dexterity

USDA  accepted.  Ideal  for poultry, meat
packing, fish, canning, cleaning parts, and
electronics  industries.

Size Chart: Small 6-61/?, Medium 7-7V?, Large- 8-
8h, Ex Large 9-9"?, Super  Ex  Large 10-10',>
Style No. 490        Style No.  492
Color  Green         Same as No 490
Length  12vr        but flock-lined
Thickness  015"
Unlmed
                                                                                490

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             A-184
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          NATURAL
              LATEX
                Unlined

   Natural latex with firm gripping surface. Un-
   lined smooth inner surface provides comfort,
   easy  wash  and  dry characteristics. Has
   excellent tensile strength for jobs such as
   poultry processing. Also good for many jobs
   in  Atomic  energy,  pharmaceutical and
   chemical plants.
   Style No. 541

   Color: Natural
   Sizes: Sm., Med.,
    Lg., Ex. Lg.,
    Super Ex Lg.
   Length: 12W
   Thickness: .018
                 541
    USDA accepted for
    Food & Meat Handling
      SYNTHETIC
           LATEX
            Flock-lined

Composed of synthetic bayprene latex and
natural latex. Has firm gripping surface and
flock-lined for easy on and off It has bacteno-
static treatment This special compound of
latex was formulated to add the mechanical
resistance of natural rubber and the chemical
resistance of bayprene
Style No. 2444
Color Orange
Sizes SM , Med ,
 Lg , Ex Lg ,
 Super Ex Lg.
Length  12V
Thickness  .020
             2444
  USDA accepted for
  Food & Meat Handling
Size Chart: Small' 6-61:; Medium: 7-7'/2, Large. 8-8'?; Ex. Large: 9-91?; Super Ex. Large: 10-10Vi
        SYNTHETIC
             LATEX
              Flock-lined

   Synthetic bayprene latex with a rough surface
   for gripping wet and greasy objects. Flock-
   lined for easy on and off. Has bactenostatic
   treatment.  Recommended for: chemical,
   mechanical,   building,   metal   cleaning,
   automotive,  bleaching,  dairy,  food  and
   pharmaceutical industries.
  Style No. 2002
  Color: Black
  Sizes: Sm, Med.,
   Lg., Ex. Lg,
   Super Ex. Lg.
  Length: 12!4"
  Thickness: .028
  Style No. 2005
  Same as No. 2002
   but 16'/2" Length
               2002

    USDA accepted for
    Food & Meat Handling
        NATURAL

           LATEX

            Flock-lined
Natural latex  with firm gripping surface.
Flock-lined for easy on and  off comfort. Has
bactenostatic  treatment.  Good  tensile
strength and resistance to household deter-
gents and light acids.  Used by food pro-
cessors, laboratories, maintenance, etc.
Style No. 444
Color: Yellow
Sizes: Sm., Med.,
 U, Ex. Lg,
 Super  Ex. Lg.
Length. 12W
Thickness: .020
 USDA accepted for
 Food & Meat Handling
         GRANET

   3  POINT HAND

     PROTECTION

       PROGRAM
Just starting to organize  a  hand  safety
program? Looking for a simplified method of
matching the proper work  glove to  a job?
Seeking  "fresh",  new,  safety motivation
material for mplant display?
Outlined in Granet's latest Safety folder is a
simplified 3 step procedure for developing a
plantwide hand  safety  program through
#1 Investigation., suggestions for making a
self-evaluation  of  all  "trouble"  areas
requiring some degree of hand protection
#2 Selection .new  system   of   symbols,
representing the 4 major hazard factors, for
matcnmg the proper glove to the job.
#3  Promotion  .  material  for  promoting
greater worker awareness of their nands and
the importance  of wearing the correct glove
on the job.
Send for your copy today Granets 3 Point
Hand  Protection  Program, could  be  the
answer to your  hand protection problem

-------
             Find  the  right  glove  for  each  job
Select the coating with the highest rating in the Physical Properties Chart, then check the Chemical
Resistance Chart.
CHEMICAL
RESISTANCE
CHART
ALCOHOLS
Methanol / Butyl Alcohol /
Glycerine / Ethanol / Isopropanol
CAUSTICS
Ammonium Hydroxide 38% /
Sodium Hydroxide 50% /
Potassium Hydroxide 50%
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
Carbon Tetrachloride /
Perchlorethylene / Trichlorethylene
KETONES
Methyl Ethyl Ketone /  Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone / Acetone
PETROLEUM SOLVENTS
White Gasoline / Naphtha / Mineral
Thinner / Kerosene
ORGANIC ACIDS
Citric / Formic / Tannic / Acetic
INORGANIC ACIDS
Hydrochloric 38% / Hydrochloric 10% /
Sulphuric 10% / Nitric 10%
Chromic
Sulphuric 98% / Nitric 70%
HYDROCARBONS
Stoddard Solvent / Toluene / Benzene /
Xylene
Coal Tar Distillate
Styrene
MISCELLANEOUS
Lacquer Thinner
Cutting Oil
Battery Acid
Phenol
Insecticides
Printing Ink
Dyestuffs
Penta
Formaldehyde
Vegetable Oil
Animal Fat
Acrylonitrile
Steam
Aniline
Hydraulic Fluid
Turpentine
Linseed Oil
Soya Bean Oil
Carbon Disulfide
Creosote
Paint & Varnish Remover
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                                                             DIGICAP
                                                                Finger guards
                                                                                    ®
         A-185
                                                High density,  piastic  finger caps  help prote:' tms
                                                against "pinch points" and minor blows Wor  nside
                                                work gloves Stay in place until removed  -   ~3Dle
                                                when gloves wear out. Packaged six to a unit tor ndex,
                                                middle and  ring  fingers, or, in  bulk for one rrjer on
                                                each hand
                         PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHART
                                                How to order:
                                                For faster service, contact your nearest Granet cistn-
                                                butor with the style number and quantity you desire If
                                                a Granet distributor is not listed m your area, wr-te The
                                                Granet Division, ESB  Inc. Frammgham. MA 01701

                                                Glove control:
                                                Work glove cost can  be reduced by glove control jl)
                                                Use the  right glove for the |ob and standardize on as
                                                few glove styles as possible (2) Granet distributors can
                                                do a  "glove survey" in your plant (3)  Issue nev< gloves
                                                only  when the worn out ones are  returnee  by the
                                                wearer (d) Check and see if one hand wears om raster
                                                than  the other  If so, order and issue one  hand  only

                                                Glove  care and replacement:
                                                To add life to coated gloves being heavily exposed to
                                                solvents and acids it is always a good idea toalternate
                                                the wearing of two pairs Wear one pair for half the work
                                                shift  and the other pair for the other half Rinse outer
                                                surface with  water after  each wearing
                                                Replacement of gloves is  dependent on the wear factor
                                                created by the job application Check gloves frequently
                                                for cracks, tears, splits, wear points, leakage and the
                                                like  Be sure to use a gauntlet glove long enough ie<-*he
                                                job application.
                                                There is no such thing as maximum  hand  protection.

                                                 Lower glove costs:
                                                 Make your own evaluation of protection and economy
                                                 by testing glove  recommended by your Granet trained
                                                 representative

                                                 Granet  3  Point  Hand Protection Prognm:
                                                 A simplified 3-step procedure for developing  a
                                                 plantwide hand safety program is contained in 3 LREE
                                                 folder Send fot  your copy today
COATING
 NYGRAN
 NEOPRENE
 PYTHON
 SLIP-NOT
 DYNAGLUV
 DYNAGRIP
 GRANFLEX
 GRANECON
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Recommended
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                                                     Mam  Plant — Sales Headquarters (U S.A.)
                                                     PO Box 588
                                                     25 Lormg  Drive. Frammgham  MA 01701
                                                     Phone (617) 873-3521
                                                     North Carolina Plant —  Snow Hill, NC 28580
                                                     GRANET DIVISION

                                                        ESB INCORPORATED
Jranei
                                                                                                            Form 845    Printed m U S A.

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I
A-186
                                                AD/Goggles
                                                                  Amencan Optical Corporation, Safety Products Division
                                                                  14 Mechanic Street, Southbndge, MA 01550
                                                    FLEXIBLE MASK GOGGLES

                                                    482B Impact Goggle
                                                    • For impact protection on chipping,
                                                      metal cutting, light gnndmg
                                                      operations
                                                    • Fits over personal glasses
                                                    • Anti-fog DURAFON ™ lenses avail-
                                                      able
                                                                      • Comfortable flexible vinyl masks
                                                                       offer maximum ventilation
                                                                      • 050" thick polycarbonate lenses
                                                                       in clear or green
                                                                      • Elastic headband
Cat No Code No
Clear Mask
482B 40811
482B 40812
Anb-Foq, Clear Mask
482BAF 40838
482BAFG 40839
Transparent Green Mask
487B 40819
487B 40820
Anb-Fog, Transparent Green Mask
487BAF 40779
487BAFG 40780
Replacement Parts
209C 44613
209CAF 4462 1
210C 44615
210CAF 44625
213 23139
Description j

Clear Lens
Green Lens

Clear DURAFON Lens
Green DURAFON Lens

Clear Lens
Green Lens

Clear DURAFON Lens
Green DURAFON Lens

Clear Lens
Clear DURAFON Lens
Green Lens
Green DURAFON Lens
Elastic Headband
                                                    484B Chemical Splash Goggle
                                                     • For protection against splashing
                                                      liquids, dusts, flying particles
                                                     • Fits over personal glasses
                                                     • Anti-fog DURAFONTMLenses
                                                      available
                                                                       • 4 vents help prevent fogging in
                                                                        normal atmospheres
                                                                       • 050" thick polycarbonate lenses
                                                                        in clear or green
                                                                       • Rubber headband
                                                        Cat No
                                                                      Code No
                                                                                 Description
                                                        Clear Mask
                                                          484B         40815
                                                          484B         40816
                                                        Anti-Fog, Clear Mask
                                                          484BAF        40832
                                                          484BAFG      40780
                                                        Transparent Green Mask
                                                          499          40906
                                                          499          40937
                                                        Anb-Fog Transparent Green Mask
                                                          499AF        40934
                                                          499AFG       40936
                                                        Replacement Parts
                                                          209C         44613
                                                          209CAF       44621
                                                          210C         44615
                                                          210CAF       44625
                                                          251          23155
                                                                       Clear Lens
                                                                       Green Lens

                                                                       Clear DURAFON Lens
                                                                       Green DURAFON Lens

                                                                       Clear Lens
                                                                       Green Lens

                                                                       Clear DURAFON Lens
                                                                       Green DURAFON Lens

                                                                       Clear Lens
                                                                       Clear DURAFON lens
                                                                       Green Lens
                                                                       Green DURAFON Lens
                                                                       Rubber Headband
                                                     710B Deiuxe Chemical Splash Goggle
                                                     • For protection against splash,
                                                      dusts, impact
                                                     • Fits over personal glasses
                                                     • Fully vented rim keeps goggle
                                                      fog-free twice as long as standard
                                                      splash goggles
                                                                       • DURAFON anti-fog lenses avail-
                                                                        able
                                                                       • 050" thick polycarbonate '.enses in
                                                                        clear or green
                                                                       • Rubber headband
Cat No
Clear Mask
710B
710B
Anh-Foa
710BAF
710BAFG
Replacement Parts
259P
259GP
259AF
259GAF
Code No

40978
40981

40989
40990

44679
44680
44677
44678
Description

Clear Lens
Green Lens

Clear DURAFON Lens
Green DURAFON Lens

Clear Lens
Green Lens
Clear DURAFON Lens
Green DURAFON Lens
                                                     These goggles meet requirements of ANSI Z87 1 -1968 Standard

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 MSA
Data Sheet
06-01-01
V-GarcP     A187
Slotted  Cap
Application

The V-Gard Slotted Cap provides head
protection from impact hazards in
industrial and general use as specified
in the performance requirements of
ANSI Z89.1—1969 and ANSI Z89.2—
1971, and, at the same time, provides
capability for wearing hearing protec-
tion devices, and faceshields or weld-
ing helmets. Widely used in construction
industry, government, utilities, manu-
facturing plants.
Description

The V-Gard Slotted Cap consists of a
shell and suspension working together
as a protection system.

The rigid  shell is lightweight and
balanced for all-day wearing comfort.
It is one-piece injection molded of high-
density polyethylene and has high
dielectric strength (non-conduction of
electrical current). The V-Gard design
features advanced styling, and the cap
is available in seven molded-in colors
that will not fade: white, blue, yellow,
orange, green, red, and gray.

The Staz-on™ Suspension has two
major components—adjustable head-
band, and double crown straps. Four
plastic clips slide into recessed slots in
the shell to hold the suspension in place
eliminating pressure points around the
headband. The suspension supports the
shell away from the head to provide a
minimum 11/4 inches of crown clearance
between top of head and shell. This
allows both the shell and the suspen-
sion to work together as a system to
absorb energy in case of a blow.

Approximate weight of shell and
suspension: 12 oz.

(For additional information on the
Staz-on Safety Helmet Suspension,
refer to MSA Data Sheet 06-00-12.)
                                                                                                      Data Sheet
                                                                                                      06-01-01

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        A-188
Systems III Kits
The V-Gard Slotted Cap accommodates
the Systems III Adapter Kit for Hearing
Protection (Catalog No. 463695), and
Systems III Adapter Kit for attaching
Faceshield or Welding Helmet (Catalog
No. 463694).

See MSA Data Sheet 06-02-01 for
details.

Approvals and standards
The V-Gard Slotted Cap complies with
all the test requirements of ANSI
Z89.1—1969 Class A (Industrial Head
Protection), and ANSI Standard Z89.2—
1971 Class B (Industrial Protective
Helmets for electrical workers).
Inspection and maintenance

V-Gard Slotted Caps should be regularly
inspected for signs of deterioration,
damage, or wear. In accordance with
ANSI Z89.1 and ANSI Z89.2, all compo-
nents, including the shell, suspension,
headband, sweatband, and any acces-
sories should be visually inspected
daily for signs of dents, cracks, penetra-
tion, or any other damage due to impact,
rough treatment, or wear that might
reduce the degree of safety originally
provided. Any industrial helmet that
requires replacement should be
removed from service.

Inspection should be accompanied by
a program of properly cleaning the
helmets and keeping them in good
condition. Most stains or dirt can be
removed from V-Gard Slotted Caps with
the use of warm water and MSA
Cleaner-Sanitizer solution.

The suspension should be routinely
replaced at least twice a year under
normal wear conditions. It should be
examined closely for cracking, torn
adjustment slots, fraying of material, or
other signs of wear, especially at the
suspension clips. The suspension can
be cleaned with MSA Cleaner-Sanitizer
and warm water using a sponge or soft
brush to remove most dirt, perspiration,
and skin oils. Do not use heat in drying.
If other material such as tar  or grease
is on the suspension,  it should
be replaced.
                                                                           Ordering information
                                                                           Catalog numbers
                                                                           V-Gard Slotted Cap:
                                                                           463942
                                                                           463943
                                                                           463944
                                                                           463945
                                                                           463946
                                                                           463947
                                                                           463948
                                                                           464852
                    Color
                    White
                    Blue
                    Yellow
                    Orange
                    Green
                    Red
                    Gray
                    Gold
V-Gard Hat (non-slotted)

A hat, with all the design and construc-
tion features of the V-Gard Slotted Cap
except the slots, is available for those
who prefer full-brim head protection.

V-Gard Hat
(non-slotted):        Color
454730             Yellow
454731              Gray
454732             Blue
454733             White
454734             Orange
454735             Green
454735             Red
Note: This Data Sheet is a guide, containing
only a general description of the uses and
performance capabilities of the V-Gard
Slotted Cap and V-Gard Hat. Before use,
refer to and strictly follow all instructions,
cautions, and warnings on or with the
products. For more complete information,
contact MSA, 600 Penn Center Blvd.,
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235.
                   Mine Safety Appliances Company
                   600 Penn  Center Boulevard
                   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235

 At your service: 25 branch offices in the United States;
 MSA CANADA, Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
 Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver;
 representatives in principal cities of the world.
 Cable address-"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                      Data Sheet 06-01-01
                                                                        Printed in U.S A.  783 (L)

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 MSA
Data Sheet
06-02-01
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Systems Iir;i8q
Adapter  Kits
for use with
MSA Slotted
Headwear
Application

Used in conjunction with MSA slotted
headwear, the Systems III Adapter Kits
permit workers to wear hearing protec-
tion devices and/or faceshields and
welding helmets with their head protec-
tion. The combination provides head
and face protection against certain
specific hazards encountered in the
construction industry, government,
utilities, manufacturing plants, and
other industrial applications.
Description

The basic component of the Systems III
adapter is a pair of mounting brackets
with tension springs and lock tabs to
retain the brackets firmly in two head-
wear slots, one on each side of the cap.
Two Adapter Kits are available for
attaching accessories—one for hearing
protection and one for a faceshield or
welding helmet. The mounting brackets
are of rugged Delrin* plastic, and fea-
ture a quick-release mechanism that
allows the attached faceshield or weld-
ing helmet to be detached without
removing the mounting brackets from
the slots.
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The mounting brackets are designed to
accommodate ear muffs and welding
helmet or faceshield simuiransously.
And the welding helmet can be worn
with the peak of the Slotted V-Gard Cap
in the normal forward position instead
of having to reverse the cap to accom-
modate the accessory. The welding
helmet can be adjusted both in and out
as well as up and down for individual fit
and best downward vision.

The new Systems III Adapter Kits for
Slotted Headware will accommodate
almost 5/11 MSA standard welding
helmetsNind the Super-Card?l or
Sightgard® faceshield frames.
"Trademark of E I du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.)
                                                                                  Data Sheet
                                                                                  06-02-01

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Approvals and standards

MSA Welding Helmets, with appropriate
plates, and MSA Faceshield Assemblies
used with the Systems III Adapter Kit,
meet the requirements of ANSI Z87.1 —
1968.

Ordering information

Catalog numbers
463695  Systems III Adapter Kit for
         Hearing Protection, complete
         with ear muffs (includes 2
         mounting arms, 2 earcups with
         cushion and damping pad, 2
         spring washers, one right
         bracket, and one left bracket).
463694  Systems III Adapter Kit for
         Faceshield and Welding
         Helmet (includes one right
         bracket, one left bracket, 2
         mounting bolts, 4 plastic
         washers, 2 thumb nuts, 2
         mounting arms, 2 clutch rings,
         2 lock nuts, 2 screws 1/4"-20,
         and 2 rubber washers)—face-
         shield or welding helmet
         not included.

Note: For ordering information on Welding
Helmets, see MSA Data Sheet 06-00-17 and
refer to "Shell Only" column for part num-
bers. For ordering information on Face-
shields, see MSA Data Sheet 06-00-16 and
order either Super-Gard (shell only) or Sight-
gard (shell only) with proper visor. Slotted
U-Gard Caps are available in seven colors
-see MSA Datasheet 06-01-01.
Clutch ring of Faceshield/Welding Helmet
mounting arm can be adjusted to hold
shield in any desired position.
Note: This Data Sheet is a guide, containing
only a general description of the uses and
performance capabilities of the Systems III
Adapter Kits. Before use. refer to and strictly
follow all instructions, cautions, and warn-
ings on or with the oroduct. For more
complete information, contact MSA, 600
Penn Center Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235.
                                       Quick-release mechanism on mounting
                                       bracket permits detaching shield without
                                       removing bracket itself from cap, and with-
                                       out disturbing ear muffs it worn with shield.
  Systems III Adapter Kit lor Faceshield/
  Welding Shield
                   Mounting arm (2)


             Clutch ring (2)
     Mounting bolt (2)
                                                                                        Rubber washer (2)
                                                              Mounting bracket (pr)
                                           Systems III Adapter Kit for Hearing
                                           Protection
                                                      Mounting arm/spring (pr)
                                                                                                           Rubber
                                                                                                           spring
                                                                                                           washer (2)
                                                    i    -v          Mounting
                                                    \   X   «.     bracket (pr)
                                                                                                  Earcup with cushion
                                                                                                  and damping pad (2)
                   Mine Safety Appliances Company
                   600 Penn Center Boulevard
                   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  15235

At your service: 25 branch offices in the United States;
MSA CANADA. Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
Montreal, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver;
representatives in principal cities of the world.
Cable address—"MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                         Data Sheet 06-02-01
                                                                               Printed in U.S.A. 771 (L)

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I
MSA
Data Sheet
06-00-15
Foldback   A191
Faceshield
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              Description
              The Foldback Faceshield provides limited
              eye and face protection for wearers of MSA
              industrial head protection and theTopgard*
              Fireman's Helmet.

              The faceshield is available in two models:

              1. Hat (full brim) model—will fit all MSA and
              most other protective hats.

              2. Cap ("peak" or "visor" partial brim)
              model—will fit all MSA and most other wide
              peak caps and, when worn with an optional
              cap spacer, will fit most small peak caps.

              Both models have two components, the
              faceshield adapter which attaches to the  hat
              or cap, and the faceshield protective visor
              (window).
                                        Faceshield Adapter: Has an aluminum
                                        U-shaped channel that fits over the front of
                                        the hat brim or the peak of the cap (a cap
                                        spacer is needed 10 fit the channel to the
                                        brim of small peak caps).

                                        A metal spring attaches to each end of the
                                        channel and stretches around the back of
                                        the helmet above the  brim area to hold the
                                        channel firmly in place.

                                        An aluminum L-shaped  visor support is
                                        attached to the channel with a position-stop
                                        friction joint that holds the visor in the raised
                                        position or in the protective (down) position.

                                        The visor support folds back over the crown
                                        of the helmet when not in the protective
                                        position. In the  protective position, the
                                        support seats completely on the top  of the
                                        channel, without gaps or open spaces be-
                                        tween the hat or cap and the visor support
                                        to which the visor is attached.

                                        The support accommodates the protective
                                        visor  with two end spring clips and three
                                        male  snap studs.

                                        Faceshield Protective Visor (window):
                                        Protective visors are available in three ma-
                                        terials: wire screen mesh, polycarbonate,
                                        and cellulose acetate.

                                        Wire  screen visors are 24 mesh, black
                                        lacquer-coated  for work involving high heat
                                        exposure A partial visor, 4" x 8V (10.16 cm x
                                        20.32 cm) of dark green cellulose acetate
                                        and a visor spacer are available for addi-
                                        tional glare protection when used behind
                                        the wire screen visor.
                                         Polycarbonate (plastic) visors are stronger
                                         and more heat resistant than cellulose
                                         acetate. Cellulose acetate (plastic) visors are
                                         more scratch resistant and generally less
                                         expensive than polycarbonate visors.

                                         Both the polycarbonate and cellulose
                                         acetate visors are clear plastic, and the cel-
                                         lulose acetate visors also are available with
                                         a green tint to reduce effects of nuisance
                                         glare.

                                         The protective visor is furnished in a 6"
                                         (15.24 cm) length. It also is available in an
                                         8" (20.32 cm) length if additional  protection
                                         is desired or if work is being performed
                                         above eye level. To provide full 180° pro-
                                         tection, plastic visors are 17% " (44.45 cm)
                                         wide and the wire mesh screen visor is 18"
                                         (45.72 cm) wide. Plastic visors are furnished
                                         in .040" ( 1016 cm) thickness or .060"
                                         (.1524 cm) thickness for heavier duty.
                                                                                                                       Dat? Sheet
                                                                                                                       06-00-15

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 Application
          A-192
 ANSI Standard Z87.1-1968 for eye and face
 protection states that the faceshield is
 designed to provide protection to the face
 (i e.. the front part of the head including
 forehead, cheeks, nose, mouth, chin) and
 neck, where required, from flying particles
 and sprays of hazardous liquids  and, in
 addition, to provide antiglare protection
 where required. The faceshield should be
 worn over suitable basic eye protection de-
 vices The following recommendations are
 based on the selection chart in this
 ANSI Standard.

 For Severe Exposures: The Foldback Face-
 shield (with suitable protective visor), when
 used with appropriate head protection, is
 recommended for eye and face protection
 as follows:

 • In chemical handling operations involving
   splash, acid burns, and fume hazards
   (when worn over appropriate goggles).
 • In furnace operations involving glare,
   heat, and molten metal hazards (when
   worn over appropriate welding goggles).
 • In heavy grinding operations involving
   flying particle hazards (when worn over
   appropriate goggles or cnippers' goggles).

 For Other Than Severe Exposures: The
 Foldback Faceshield (with suitable protec-
 tive visor), when used with appropriate head
T protection is acceptable (though not
 preferred) for eye and face protection as
 follows:

 •  In chemical handling operations involving
   splash, acid burns, and fume  hazards.
 •  In light grinding operations involving
   flying particle hazards.
 •  In laboratory operations involving
   chemical splash and glass breakage
    hazards (when worn with sideshield
    spectacles).
 • In machining ooerations involving flying
    particle hazards.
 • In molten metals operations involving
    heat, glare, sparks, and splash hazards
   FRICTION JOINT:
   Holds visor in raised or
   protective position


   RETAINING SPRING:
   Fits across back of hat to
   hold assembly in place
    Cap model is shown above  (For small
    peak caps, an optional  cap  spacer is
    needed ) Hat model is similar
                  VISOR SUPPORT:
                  Holds protective visor
                       CHANNEL:
                       Clamps around
                       hat brim
VISOR:
Protects eyes and face
 A formed inetai cnannei ciamps around tne
 front brim of the hat, while a retaining spring
 fits across the back above the brim to hold
 the Foldback Faceshield in place
  (when worn with sideshield spectacles
  with tinted lenses).
• In spot welding applications involving
  flying particle and spark hazards.


Approvals  and Standards

The Foldback Faceshield Assembly and all
protective visors (windows) comply with
regulations of the Occupational Safety and
Health Act, Part 1910-Safety and Health
Standards, which require that these products
be in accordance with ANSI Standard
287.1-1968 Practice for Occupational and
Educational Eye and Face Protection Use
of the Foldback Faceshield with approved
head protection meets the requirements of
ANSI Z87.1 -1968 for eye and face protection
and ANSI Z89 1-1969 for industrial head
protection.

Polycarbonate visors are self extinguishing
when tested according to ASTM D 635.


Inspection and Maintenance

The Foldback Faceshield should be routinely
inspected for signs of wear at the friction
joints, for any bending of the aluminum
channel which would affect its correct fit at
the brim, for proper resilience of the retain-
ing spring, and for any scratching or signs of
cracking in the visor. Replace damaged
parts immediately.

In keeping with  the ANSI Standard Z87.1-
1968, daily cleaning of the visor is recom-
mended because continuous vision through
a dirty visor can cause eye fatigue and
become a contributory factor to accidents.
The entire assembly should be cleaned after
each use with warm water and MSA Cleaner-
Samtizer solution using a sponge or soft
brush. Rinse thoroughly ana let dry at room
temperature.


Caution

Do not allow the Foldback Faceshield and
protective nelmet to come in contact with
energized electrical conductors (live wires).
Never alter or modify the Foldback Face-
shield in any way. Never use the faceshield
or its components for anything other than its
intended purpose.

Never use the Foldback Faceshield if it has
been damaged in any way; replace damaged
parts immediately.


Ordering Information

457908   Foldback Faceshield (hat model)
459749   Foldback Faceshield (cap model;
459975   Cap Spacer (for use with small
         peak caps)

457409   Visor, wire-mesh screen,
         18 in. x 8 in.
457406   Visor, glare, dark green, 4 in. x 8
         in., cellulose acetate, .040 in. thick
457402   Visor Spacer (for use with glare
         visor and wire-mesh screen
         combination, only)

458973   Visor, polycarbonate, 171/2 x6x
         .040 in., clear
458976   Visor, polycarbonate, 171/2 x 6 x
         .060 in., clear
458967   Visor, polycarbonate, 17Vz x 8 x
         .040 in., clear
458970   Visor, polycarbonate, 171/2 x 8 x
         .060 in., clear

458972   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x 6 x
         .040 in., clear
458975   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x6x
         .060 in., clear
458971   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x6x
         .040 in., green
458974   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x 6 x
         .060 in., green
458706   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x8x
          040 in., clear
458969   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x 8 x
         .060 in., clear
458705   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x8x
         .040 in., green
458968   Visor, cellulose acetate, 171/2  x8x
         .060 in., green
 Note: This Datasheet is a guide, containing
 only a general description of the uses and
 performance capabilities of Foldback
 Faceshield. Before use, refer to and strictly
 follow all instructions, cautions, and warn-
 ings on or with the product. For more
 complete information contact MSA, 600
 Penn Center Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235.
                    Mine Safety Appliances Company
                    600 Penn Center Boulevard
                    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  15235

At your service 25 branch offices in the United States
MSA CANADA. Downsview, Ontario (Metro Toronto), Halifax,
Montreal, Winnipeg. Saskatoon. Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver
representatives in principal cities of the world
Cable address—'MINSAF" Pittsburgh
                                            Datasheet 06-00-15
                                                                                    Printed in U S A. 754 (L)

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•                                           APPENDIX B
—                               EPA MEDICAL MONITORING GUIDELINES

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          €QUITABl£
          €NVIRONM€NTAL
          H€ALTH

         .'*SSiti£»

Chicago

New York

Washington, D C
A Subsidiary of The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States
 EEH/WC-79L-356

 October 25, 1979
  TO:        Don Webb, Project Officer,  EPA  Contract,  #68-03-2789

  FROM:      Gordon S. Siege!, M. D. Project

  SUBJECT:   Comments on Medical Services  and  Medical  Monitoring-- Hazardous
             Waste Sites
      Hazardous  waste  sites,  by  definition,  have  potential  for  adverse
  health effects on  the workers  who may  be required to  conduct  operations
  there.   The  determination  of the  probability  of adverse  effect—risk
  assessment—is often  complex and difficult.

      The  safe  conduct of  investigations  and  operations  at such  sites
  involves multiple  factors,  including waste identification,  the  condition
  of stored materials,  the nature of  the storage  site,  use  of appropriate
  equipment and devices, training of personnel,  etc.

      Medical  services  and the medical monitoring  of personnel can contri-
  bute to both the  safety and efficiency of hazardous waste site work.  Such
  medical services can  be  considered under four  general  classifications or
  types:

      o      Assessment of the heath status of  individuals prior to work.

      o      Support of the health of  workers  at work.

      o      Evaluation  and  care of individuals  with work-related injuries
             and illnesses.

      o      Monitoring of workers for  evidence  of post-work  adverse health
             effects and suitability for  future  assignments.

      A particular medical examination or procedure may  contribute  to the
  goals or requirements  of  more than one class.  It  is important to note that
  the evaluation of human health, and an assessment of adverse health effects
  in relation to occupational factors,  is an  inexact science.  The judgment
  of  informed  and experienced  health  professionals must often  be  relied
  upon, rather than  recourse to  formal  "standards".

      It is also important to maintain perspective  about the "ideal" and the
  "practical" in regard  to  health  suitability for  work.   The imposition of
  stringent,  rigid  medical  standards  for  any   work  is  rarely  justified,
  rather the application of general  principles of medical services should be
                       6000 Executive Boulevard, Fourth Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20852 • Telephone: 301/770-1500

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         CQUfTADie
         eNVIRONMCNTAL
         HEALTH
         INC
Page 2 - Don Webb


carefully fitted  to individual  workers  and particular  work situations.
Very little of  the  world's work  is  performed  under  ideal  conditions by
ideal workers.  However, this  fact cannot  be a justification for occupa-
tional health and safety abuses.

    1.     Assessment of the health status of individuals prior to work.

           A thorough pre-employment or pre-placement medical examination
for hazardous waste site workers provides:

           an evaluation of  suitability,  physically and psychologically,
           for the kinds of work that may be required.

           identification of health  factors  that may preclude or require
           modification of certain assignments.

           assessment of capability  for  proper use of necessary personal
           protective equipment.

           determination of  base-line  or  reference data to help evaluate
           the significance of findings on future examinations.

           The examination should consist of a detailed medical and occu-
pational  history,  a   thorough   physical   examination  with  particular
attention to the cardiopulmonary systems, general physical fitness, skin,
blood forming,  hepatic,  renal  and  nervous  systems.  Tests should include
chest  X-ray,  electrocardiogram,  simple  ventilatory  pulmonary function,
urinalysis,  a  complete  bood   count,  and   a  blood   chemistry  profile.
Additional tests  and  procedures may be indicated  in the judgment of  the
examining physician,  based on knowledge of  the  work to be performed.

    2.     Support of the health of workers  while working.

           There  must   be  provision  of  adequate first-aid  services  and
supplies, and planning, where possible, for first-aid services  appropriate
to the work engaged in, for example, treatment of  chemical burns.

           An  emergency  medical  transport  plan  and  services,   to  an
identified medical care facility, is necessary.

           Medical  consultation  services  to advise on health  and medical
questions and problems  arising in the course of  work  should  be identified
and made  available.

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         €NVIPONM€NTAL
         H£ALTH
         INC
Page 3 - Don Webb


    3.     Evaluation and care  of  individuals with work-related injuries
and illness.

           Appropriate medical care providers for evaluation and treatment
of workers  with  suspect  or  definite occupational  illnesses  and injuries
should be identified.  The planning for such services should include pro-
vision for  transmittal  of pertinent work  condition and  exposure  infor-
mation to assist the medical  care providers  in their evaluation, diagnosis
and treatment.
    4.     Monitoring workers for evidence of work-related adverse health
effects and continued suitability for work.
           A program  of periodic  medical  examination  and  health status
evaluation of workers should be established to:

           assist  in  early  detection  of work-related  adverse  health
           effects in individual workers.

           assess the  health  status of  individual workers  as to fitness
           for assignments and their use of protective equipment.

           provide individualized  occupational  health guidance and coun-
           seling.

           assemble group data useful for epidemiological purposes.

           The scope  and  content  of  such  periodic examinations  will be
influenced by the kinds of work  and exposures encountered  in the intervals
between examinations.  They will  usually include an  interval  medical and
occupational history,  a physical  examination,  and selected blood, urine,
and pulmonary function tests.   Periodic  cardiograms  and chest X-rays, as
well as other soecial  tests,may be recommended by the examining physican in
certain circumstances.   The periodicity of  such examinations is influenced
by the work performed, but an annual examination is common.

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B-4
                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                FY 1980-81

                   MEDICAL MONITORING PROGRAM GUIDELINES
     The following  information  and  attachments  are  intended  for use  by
 Agency components that conduct  occupational  medical  monitoring programs.
 These guidelines outline  the minimum essential elements for such a program
 and should not be regarded  as being  comprehensive.  Some Agency workplaces
 may .,av.2 potential exposure hazards that will require medical   monitoring
 procedures not covered  in this basic description; however, it is essential
 that e-?ch  local  program include at least the elements described herein.  As
 more  Federal   regulations  and   recommendations   appear  for  employees
 potentially exposed  to  toxic chemical and physical agents, program updates
 and modifications are to  be expected.   When such changes occur, they will
 be presented by the Agency's Office of Occupational Health and Safety.


 Who should be included  in a medical monitoring program?

     This medical monitoring program is  designed basically for laboratory
 and field  workers whose work regularly poses the  possibility of exposure to
 toxic materials.  In addition,  the program should meet the needs of other
 diverse  groups  of  employees   whose   jobs   require  preplacement  and/or
 periodic   health  assessment.      Generally,   administrative,   fiscal,
 secretarial, statistical,  and other support  personnel  who are exposed  to
 toxic materials  indirectly, infrequently, or inconsequentially should not
 be  included.    Representative   job  categories  that  should have  medical
 monitoring made  available  on exposure  include  chemists, microbiologists,
 toxicologists,  physical   scientists,   and   the  technical  personnel  who
 support  these  disciplines.    Employees  who collect   various  types  of
 polluted samples should  be included if the sampling  requires  exposure to
 pollutants significantly  in excess of ambient concentrations.  Maintenance
 personnel  normally should be included,  since  they are occasionally exposed
 to  toxicants  at unexpectedly  high concentrations,  as  should  those who
 perform custodial services in actual laboratories or in areas where toxic
 materials  are  stored.     Part-time  and  temporary  employees   should  be
 included if their jobs  are  similar to the categories previously mentioned.
 The  decision  as to which  employees are nominated  should rest  with the
 program director or supervisor  most  familiar with  the possible hazards
 involved.
 Is the program voluntary?

     Employees whose jobs justify inclusion in the program have the option
 to participate or not, with the exception of those few persons whose jobs
 require  such  examinations  as a  condition of employment.   Future Agency
 policy  may  expand  the  number  of  job  categories  that  will  require

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                                                                        B-5
preplacement and  periodic  health assessment.   Experience  indicates that
about 85% of nominated employees  will elect to participate in the program.
A written record  of those  deferring  or  declining participation should be
kept to protect the Agency  against accusations that such a program was not
made available.   A simple  notation to  the effect that an  individual has
declined  is sufficient.    Declining  employees  should  be  reinvited  to
participate  regularly if  they  remain  eligible  for  the  program.   Each
facility  should    review  its entire  roster periodically  to  assure the
inclusion of all  "at-risk"  personnel.


Who wil I pay for  the program?

    Medical  monitoring is   the  responsibility of the employer,  and the
Agency must bear  the  entire cost.  When a preexisting or non-job-related
condition is detected  in the course of a  health monitoring examination, the
individual  is  to  be  referred to his/her  private physician  for further
evaluation, treatment, and  followup.  The individual must bear these addi-
tional costs.  When a condition appears  to have resulted from employment,
the employee may  seek compensation and the payment or recovery of medical
expenses from  the Department of  Labor,  Office of  Workers'  Compensation
Programs.

    Consultation  is  available  from the Agency  Office of  Occupational
Health and Safety when job-related illness is detected or suspected.


How are physician services  obtained?

    The fact that most EPA operations are  able  to use purchase orders to
obtain local physician services simplifies this procurement.  Ideally, the
physician chosen  should be  board  certified in occupational  medicine; how-
ever, this is unrealistic because the number of such physicians available
is quite  small  and most serve  as full-time program  directors for  large
industrial corporations.

    For the  purpose of this program, a  local physician  in  a practice of
internal medicine or in general practice  will  usually suffice.  A physician
who belongs  to  the American Occupational Medical Association  or a  local
occupational health society  is  preferred; the names  of  these physicians
may be  obtained  from the American Occupational  Medical  Association, 150
North Wacker Drive, Chicago,  Illinois 60606 (312/782-2166).

    The  important requirements  are  that  the physician  is  capable,  is
equipped  to conduct  a thorough physical • examination,  and  has  a high
interest  in  the  program.   A  local  physician is  in the  best  position to
provide a continuity of service over the  years and  to handle referrals when
non-job-related conditions  are detected.  On occasion, local U.S.  Public
Health Service facilities are  willing to perform  this  service.  The use of
a  Federal  facility  generally  offers   an  economic  advantage  and  is
encouraged whenever such services are offered.

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B-6
 How are related laboratory services obtained?

     These  services  must be  performed  by a  clinical  laboratory  that  is
 competent, is licensed, participates in a proficiency testing program(s),
 and maintains  rigorous quality control.   It should  be licensed  by the
 Federal government.   A number  of large  interstate  laboratories  provide
 satisfactory service, rapid turnaround, and reasonable fees.  These labo-
 ratories usually provide their own collection  and mailing containers at no
 extra cost, and most have government "rates" that are competitive.  Since
 these are large laboratories, they can  provide, at a reasonable additional
 cost, special tests  that may be essential for those employees who have been
 exposed to specified chemicals.  Many hospital and local laboratories can
 supply only a portion of the  laboratory tests  that may be needed; also, in
 performing more  complex tests, these  hospitals  and  laboratories  may be
 less reliable than the large interstate laboratories that routinely carry
 out such procedures.

     The local examining physician will  be responsible for requesting, in-
 terpreting, and evaluating laboratory reports. A  laboratory of the physi-
 cian's choice is preferable, provided that it meets quality and cost rea-
 sonability standards.
 How often should examinations be offered?

     Ideally, the periodicity and  content of monitoring examinations should
 be determined by an evaluation of the occupational risk; i.e., the proba-
 bility of adverse effects of exposure.  When the program was initiated, it
 was recommended that an annual examination suffice for most participants.
 Until better  criteria  are developed from  a  study of EPA  operations and
 monitoring findings, an annual evaluation is still recommended.

     The first, or baseline,  examination offered to each participant should
 consist of a complete medical examination.  This  examination will be useful
 in  providing  reference   information  for  the evaluation   of  subsequent
 periodic  examination  findings.   Subsequent monitoring  examinations, for
 most EPA  operations, can  be of more limited scope.


 Is the program a substitute for  "general checkups"?

     Participants should be advised  that this program of medical monitoring
 examinations  is  not a direct substitute for  "general checkups" or other
 periodic  examinations designed to monitor or promote general health.  The
 occupational medical monitoring program is  designed to screen for evidence
 of  adverse effects  of occupational  exposure,  particularly  exposure to
 toxic substances.   The examinations do not provide a comprehensive health
 evaluation; neither do they provide significant screening  for many of the
 common nonoccupational chronic disorders.

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                                                                         B-7


Medical examination content recommendations

    Current  FY 1980-81  recommendations  are  to  continue  to  provide  a
comprehensive baseline examination for new participants  in  the program and
to provide periodic screening examinations for other participants.

    Periodic monitoring  should  include,  as a  minimum,  an interim medical
and occupational history review,  a  screening  physical  examination, basic
blood and urine laboratory  tests  (as  discussea  below),  and a physician's
evaluation.  The monitoring examination  should  be supplemented by proce-
dures and special  tests only as  warranted by exposure to specific signifi-
cant hazards or stresses.


What are the basic laboratory tests to be  included for each participant?

    Each  individual  should receive a  basic  panel of  blood  counts  and
chemistries  to   evaluate  blood-forming,   kidney,   liver,   and  endo-
crine/metabolic function.  The following blood tests are considered to be
the minimum desirable:

         o    White blood cell count and differential  cell count

         o    Hemoglobin and/or hematocrit

         o    Albumin, globulin, and total protein

         o    Total bilirubin

         o    Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT)

         o    Lactic dehydrogenase  (LDH)

         o    Alkaline phosphatase

         o    Calcium

         o    Phosphorus

         o    Uric acid

         o    Creatinine

         o    Urea nitrogen

         o    Cholesterol

         o    Glucose


    Each employee  should have  a routine urinalysis that  consists  of  the
following:

         o    Specific gravity

         o    pH

         o    Microscopic examination

         o    Protein

-------
B-8
          o    Acetone

          o    Glucose

 What other tests are recommended?
     A  baseline  chest  X-ray should  be  a  standard  14-  x  17-inch   P-A
 (posterior-anterior)  exposure.    The  lateral view  is not  necessary  for
 routine screening purposes.  The  X-ray may be obtained from the examining
 physician, a local radiologist, or  a  local  hospital.   The film should be
 read  or  reviewed  by  a board-certified  radiologist  or  other competent
 medical specialist.  Subsequent periodic chest X-rays should  be performed
 only when clinically indicated and not as a  routine measure.

     Electrocardiogram

     An  electrocardiogram  should  be included in the baseline  examination.
 It ordinarily  should  be of the standard 12-lead  resting type and  inter-
 preted  by an  internist or cardiologist.   Subsequent periodic  electrocar-
 diograms  should  be   obtained  only  when  recommended  by  the examining
 physician, and not as  a routine measure.

     Pulmonary  function

     Pulmonary  function testing  is  desirable as  a part  of  the baseline
 examination.   It  may  be indicated periodically for employees  at respira-
 tory system risk,  such as those  with significant exposure to  toxic dusts
 and irritants.  As  a  minimum,  it should consist  of  simple tests of  lung
 ventilation:   forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV,)  and  forced vital
 capacity  (FVC).

     Other special tests

     Workers who are significantly exposed to certain  designated materials
 may require additional special procedures in  addition to the basic panel of
 tests.  These  tests  are listed  in Table 1 and are obtainable at an addi-
 tional  cost.   The physician should  determine  who is  in  need of special
 tests  after reviewing  the history forms  and after consulting  with  super-
 visors  and/or  medical monitoring  coordinators  and  health   and   safety
 designees.  Provision  should be  made for repeating tests when necessary.
 Consultative  assistance  is  available  from the  Office  of  Occupational
 Health  and Safety regarding  special tests.

     Tests dropped from 1977  guidelines

     The following tests, recommended in the 1977  guidelines, are no  longer
 recommended as routine tests for  occupational monitoring,  either baseline
 or periodic:

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                                                                        B-9
         o    VDRL or other serologic test for syphilis

         o    Serum specimen for freezing and storage

         o    Female cervical cytology test (Pap test)

         o    Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

         o    Serum trig lycer ides

         o    Serum sodium, chloride, and potassium

         o    Care i no-embryonic antigen
What medical monitoring records and forms are required?

    Forms

    To provide uniformity of data collection and to expedite analysis, it
would be  desirable  to have  an  EPA standard form(s)  for use  in medical
monitoring  examinations.   However  desirable,  this goal  does  not appear
possible in the immediate future.   Private medical  examiners use a variety
of forms and automated systems  to  obtain and record medical information.
The scope and quality of information-gathering and recording systems used
should be at least equal  to that of the forms discussed below.

    Participants should  be  advised that the medical  monitoring examina-
tions are voluntary and that they are not required to answer any specific
questions.

    Medical history

    The medical history will normally be obtained by having each partici-
pant fill  out  a medical  and occupational  history form  before  seeing a
physician (Attachment 1 provides an EPA-developed sample).  Usually, this
is done several days preceding the date of the physical examination.  All
programs  are  urged  to  adopt this  form, or its  equivalent,  since most
"standard" medical history forms are  too sketchy,  especially in terms of
occupational history and exposure.   The occupational exposure information
may be reviewed by occupational health and safety personnel to assist the
examining physician  in performing  an examination  of  appropriate scope.
When completed, the form should be turned over to the physician or physi-
cian's designee  in  a manner safeguarding privacy  and  confidentiality of
the participant.

    Physical examination  form

    The physical examination should be recorded on  a standard form such as
Government  Standard  Form 88 (Attachment 2).   This form  is  available in
quantity and is used  by nearly all governmental health providers.  Although
the local physician may have similar forms that he or she uses routinely,
all workplaces are urged to  adopt  S.F.  88  to achieve  Agencywide uniform-
ity.  Sections  60-63, 66-69, and 70-72 are not normally carried out as part

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B-10
of  monitoring  physical  examinations  and  may  be  omitted.   Audiometry,
item 71, is  indicated  for all  employees regularly exposed  to high noise
levels; i.e., over 85 dB.

    Privacy Act

    Since the Health Monitoring Program will  establish  a  set of records on
individual citizens, it must meet  the  requirements of  the Privacy Act of
1974 (P.L. 93-579).  Each participant is required to read ?.nd sign a copy
of the Privacy Statement  (Attachment 3), which explains the authority for
collecting the information, uses to  be  made  of the information, rules of
confidentiality,  and disclosure information.   The original of this state-
ment should be made part of the employee's medical monitoring records, and
a copy should be provided to the employee.  Written requests for release of
this information  may be made by the employee,  and such requests should also
be made a permanent part of the record.  Each Agency program area will be
responsible for seeing that the provisions of this Act are met.
Required reports and actions

    The examining physician must communicate all examination findings and
opinions to  the examinee.   In  addition, the  examining  physician should
furnish the Agency a written report on any examinee with findings that,  in
the physician's opinion, indicate an adverse effect of occupational expo-
sure.  This  report  should  detail  the occupationally related findings and
the basis for the physician's opinion.  The physician should be instructed,
however, not  to reveal any  specific findings or diagnoses  unrelated  to
occupational exposure in the report  to the Agency.

    Or receipt of such a report, the  local medical monitoring coordinator
shall promptly send a copy to:

         Manager of Medical Monitoring
         Office of Occupational Health and Safety (PM-273)
         401 M Street, S.W.
         Washington, D.C.  20460

    Local management, safety officers, and supervisors should take prompt
investigative and remedial action after being  alerted to a possible occu-
pational health and safety problem by a medical report.  Technical assist-
ance is available from the Office of Occupational Health and Safety.

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B-ll
TABLE 1
SPECIAL TESTS

An annual monitoring examination will be satisfactory for most
workers. Additional special tests may be indicated for those workers who
have significant exposures to chemical or physical agents, in accordance
with OSHA or other applicable standards.
Substance

Acrylonitrile
Inorganic arsenic
Asbestos
Benzene
Coke oven emissions
Cotton dust
Dichlorobromopropane
Inorganic lead
Noise (above 85 dB)
Organophosphate pesticides

Special Tests

Chest X-ray, fecal occult blood, procto-
sigmoidoscopy
Chest X-ray, sputum cytology
Chest X-ray, pulmonary function
Reticulocyte count
Chest X-ray, pulmonary function, sputum
cytology, urinary sediment cytology
Pulmonary function
Sperm count (male), serum follicle
stimulating hormone, serum luteinizing
hormone, serum total estrogen (female)
Blood lead, peripheral blood smear
morphology, blood zinc protoporphyrin
Audiometry
Blood cholinesterase

Primate handlers should have an annual HBsAg (hepatitis B surface
antigen) test and a tuberculin test (unless known to be tuberculin posi-
tive).






8


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B-12
 EPA OMQ-1
                                     Attachment 1
                      U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                       OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL QUESTIONNAIRE



                              For Medical Use Only
 Date


 Name
             (Last)

 EPA Organizational  Unit

 Location
 Regular  Workplace
 Job  Title  and GS Series


 Male [    ]   Female [    ]


 Age  	  Date  of Birth
(First)
(Middle)
(Building and Room Number)


           Years in Present Job
                          (Month,  Day,  Year)


 Marital Status:   Married [  ]  Single [  ]  Separated [  ]  Divorced [ ]  Widowed [ ]
 Please answer the following questions by checking the applicable blocks:


     Have you ever been hospitalized?  No [  ]   Yes [   ]

          If yes,  give details and dates:




     Have you ever had an operation(s)?  No [  ]  Yes  [  ]


          If yes,  give details and dates:




     Have you ever been a resident outside the  United  States?  No [ ] Yes  [ J


          If yes,  please list location(s) and date(s):
 Indicate any job-related illnesses or injuries you have experienced
 since being employed by EPA:

-------
                                                                        B-13
EPA OMQ-2


In your work are you now or have you been exposed to any of  the following
agents?
         Exposure                                 Present    Past


    Inorganic fluorides                             [  ]      [  ]


    Lead                                            [  ]      [  ]


    Benzene                                         [  ]      [  ]


    Coke oven emissions                             [  ]      [  ]


    Inorganic arsenic                               [  ]      [  ]


    Methylene chloride                              [  ]      [  ]


    Vinyl chloride                                  [  ]      [  ]


    Toluene diisocyanate                            [  ]      [  ]


    Excessive noise                                 [  ]      [  ]


    Nitrogen oxides                                 [  ]      [  ]


    Crystalline silica                              [  ]      [  ]


    Nitric acid                                     [  ]      [  ]


    Ammonia                                         [  ]      [  ]


    Beryllium                                       [  ]      [  ]


    Phosgene                                        [  ]      [  ]


    Allyl chloride                                  [  ]      [  ]


    Asbestos                                        [  ]      [  ]


    Suspect or known carcinogens                    [  ]      [  ]


    Pesticides                                      [  ]      [  ]


    Bacteria or viruses                             [  ]      [  ]


    Primate animals                                 [  J      [  ]


    Vibrating tools                                 [  ]      [  ]


    Radiation                                       [  ]      [  ]

-------
B-14
 EPA OMQ-3



 Please make a list of those substances that you handle in your work.
 Star those that particularly concern you from a health standpoint.
 Do you have any suggestions to reduce potential exposures?
 Indicate any symptoms that you have experienced that might be due to
 exposure at work and indicate the suspected cause.

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bPA OMQ-4
                                                                         B-15
Do you have or are you concerned about any of the following?  If so, please
check the appropriate box or boxes.
[   ]   Allergies                            [   ]


[   ]   Back pain                            [   ]


[   ]   Blood in urine,  sputum,  or  stool     [   ]


[   ]   Blood pressure                       [   ]


[   ]   Bowel problems                       [   ]


[   ]   Cancer                              [   ]


[   ]   Chest pain                          [   ]


[   J   Chronic  cough                        [   ]


[   ]   Cold or  painful  fingers              [   ]


[   ]   Constipation                        [   ]


[   ]   Dental or  gum problems               [   ]


[   ]   Depression or excessive  worry       [   ]


[   ]   Diabetes                            [   ]


[   ]   Diarrhea                            [   ]


[   ]   Difficulty in sleeping               [   ]


[   ]   Dizziness                            [   ]


[   ]   Ear or hearing problems              [   ]


[   ]   Edema (foot or leg swelling)         [   ]


[   ]   Eye trouble (other than  glasses)     [   ]


[   ]   Fainting spells  or unconsciousness   [   ]


[   ]   Fever                               [   ]


[   ]   Frequent or severe headaches         [   ]


[   ]   Frequent indigestion                [   ]


[   ]   Heart condition                      [   ]


[   ]   Heart munnur
                                                Hemorrhoids (piles)


                                                Hives


                                                Hot flashes


                                                Kidney problems


                                                Joint pains


                                                Leg cramps


                                                Liver problems


                                                Loss of memory


                                                Lung or breathing difficulty


                                                Menopause


                                                Muscle aches or pains


                                                Nervousness


                                                Sexual problems


                                                Sickle cell disease or trait


                                                Skin disease


                                                Stomach pain


                                                Swollen glands


                                                Thyroid gland problem


                                                Tremor of hands or head


                                                Tumors or cys ts


                                                Unexpected weight gain


                                                Unexpected weight loss


                                                Unusual weakness


                                                Venereal disease

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     B-16
EPA OMQ-5

FAMILY HISTORY

Indicate any blood relatives who have or have had any of the following:
   Disease

Anemia
Allergy (asthma,
  eczema, hay fever)
Alcohol ism
Arthritis
Bleeding disorders
Cancer
Congenital malformations
Diabetes
Emphysema
Epilepsy
Glaucoma
Gout
Heart attack
High blood pressure
Kidney disease
Kidney stones
Gallbladder disease
Mental illness
Mental retardation
Sickle cell disease
Stomach ulcers
Stroke
Tuberculosis
                                            Relationship to Me
Mother
t ]
[ ]
[ ]
£ j
[ ]
[ J
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
[ J
t ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Father
f ]
[ ]
t ]
[ 1
[ ]
[ J
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ J
t ]
[
[
[
[
t
t
[ ]
[ ]
Grandparent
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ 1
[ j
[ ]
[ ]
[ 1
[ ]
t I

[ j
[ J
[ ]
[ j
[ J
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
f I
Brother
[
t
t
f
[
f
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
t
[
or Sister
]
]
]
1
]
1
j
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
My Children
[
[
[
f
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
]
j
]
J
j
]
]
j
]
]
3
j
]
]
]
]
J
]
]
1
If either of your parents is dead, list age and cause of death, if known:

          Mother died age 	 of	

          Father died age 	 of	
Are you aware of any diseases or illnesses that run in your family?

          Yes [  ]         No [  ]

          If yes, please list:

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                                                                                        IB-17
                EPA OMQ-6


•              Do you drink alcoholic beverages?  Yes  f  ]  No  [  ]

                    If yes, please answer  the following:

|                       Do you average drinking more than one bottle of beer per day?

-                            Yes  [  ]  No  [  ]

                         Do you drink more  than a bottle of wine per week?  Yes  [  ]  No  [  ]
•
I
                         Do you drink more than a fifth of liquor per week?  Yes  [  ]  No  [  ]
                Do you smoke?  Yes  [  J  No  [  ]
                    If no, are you a former smoker?  Yes [  ]  No [  ]

•                       If yes, how long ago did you quit? 	

                         How many years did you smoke before quitting?                  Years
                                                                          Years
                         How much were you smoking when you quit; i.e., number of cigarettes,

                              "pipes," or cigars smoked per day?
 •                  If yes, please answer the following:

                         How long have you smoked? 	 Years

 £                       How many of the following do you smoke per day?

                              Cigarettes ^____	
                              "Pipes" of tobacco

                              Cigars 	

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B-18
EPA OMQ-7
Have  you had  or  do  you  now have  any  of the  following illnesses  or
conditions?  If so, please check the appropriate block(s):
[  ]  Abnormal Bleeding
[  ]  Anemia
[  ]  Arthritis
[  ]  As thma
[  ]  Cancer
[  ]  Cirrhosis of the liver
[  ]  Dermatitis
[  ]  Diabetes
[  ]  Dizziness or fainting
[  ]  Epilepsy
[  ]  Erysipelas
[  ]  Gallbladder/stones
[  ]  Glaucoma
[  ]  Gonorrhea
[  ]  Gout
[  ]  Hay fever
[  3  Heart attack or trouble
[  3  Hepatitis
[  ]  Hernia or rupture
[  3  High blood pressure
[  3  Hives
[   ]  Jaundice
[   3  Kidney trouble  or  stones
[   J  Leukemia
[   ]  Malaria
[   ]  Migraine
[   ]  Mump s
[   ]  Nephritis  (Bright1s  disease)
[   J  Nervous breakdown
[   ]  Neuritis
[   3  Paralysis  of any type
[   3  Piles  or hemorrhoids
[   J  Pneumonia
[   ]  Polio
[   3  Rheumatic  fever
[   3  Scarlet fever
[   J  Swollen joints
[   ]  Stroke
[   ]  Syphilis
[   3  Tuberculosis
[   3  Ulcer  (stomach  or  duodenal)
FEMALES ONLY:

    Number of pregnancies
    Number of living children
    Number of miscarriages
    Date of last Pap test
    Date of last period
    Have you had any unusual discharge or bleeding in the past three
    months?

         Yes [  J  No [  ]

    Have you reached menopause?  Yes [  ]  No [  J

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EPA OMQ-8
MEDICATION HISTORY
Are you now taking or have you taken any
[ ] Antacids [
[ ] Antibiotics [
[ ] Anticoagulant (blood thinner) [
[ ] Antidepressants [
[ ] Antihistamines [
[ ] Appetite depressants [
[ ] Aspirin [
[ ] Benzedrine '
[ ] Birth control pills [
[ ] Blood pressure medication [
[ ] Codeine - [
[ ] Cortisone or steroids [
List any drugs you take regularly:


Have you been on any special diet(s) in
If yes, describe type

Are you allergic to any of the following
[ ] Pollens
[ ] House dust
[ ] Animal dander, feathers, or fur
[ ] Drugs
[ ] Vaccines
[ ] Serum
[ ] Metal, jewelry
[ ] Foods
[ ] Sunlight or cold
If yes, please list or provide details.




B-19


of the following within the past month?
] Dexedrine
] Digitalis
] Diuretic
] Hormones
] Insulin or oral .anti-diabetic drug
] Laxatives
] Morphine
] Sleeping pills
] Sulfa preparations
] Thyroid
] Tranquilizers
] Vitamins



the past year? Yes [ ] No [ ]


7













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                                                                                I
B"fePA OMQ-9


  IMMUNIZATION,  VACCINES, ANTITOXINS

  Check if you have  received any of the  following,  and  give approximate date(s) M
  when last received, if known:                                                   •

  [  ] Tetanus 	

  [  ] Poliomylitis 	                                                    |

  [  ] Influenza 	                                                       _

  [  ] Typhoid 	                                                         •

  [  ] Diphtheria 	                                                      I

  [  ] Rabies 	

  [  ] Rubella (German measles) 	                                        •

  [  ] Measles (Rubeola or red measles) 	                                _

  [  ] BCG 	                                                             •

  [  ] Yellow fever 	                                                    <•

  [  ] Small pox 	

  [  ] RhoGAM (Rh immune globulin) 	                                     •

  [  ] Immune serum globulin for hepatitis 	                             _

  [  ] Others (please list) 	            •
                                                                                 I
[  ] Mantoux, patch test, or other skin test for
       tuberculosis                                                              H

       Give date and result of last test, if known:
         Date 	          Result  [  ] Positive  [  ] Negative
                                                                                   I
When  you  have  finished  this  Medical  and  Occupational  History form,  hand it  •
directly to the doctor or nurse,  or,  if mailed, mark envelope "To Be Opened Only
by Medical Personnel."                                                           _
                                                                                 I

                                                                                 I

                                                                                 I

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I              __.  ....  ..                                                              B-21
                EPA OMQ-10


•              FOR PHYSICIAN'S USE ONLY

                Physician's  summary and  elaboration of all  pertinent  data.   (Physician
I                shall comment on all positive answers.  Physician may develop by interview
                any  additional medical  history  he  deems  important,   and  record  any
                significant  findings here.)


I



I



I



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Typed or Printed Name of Physician 	 Date



Signature 		

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                                                   MEASUREMENTS AMD OTHER FINDINGS
• R-1??*" "' COC°* M*'" M C0a>1' EYtS 55' BUILO **' TEMPERATURE
Q] StENDfK Q MEDIUM Q HEAVY Q O»ESE
•LOOO PRESSURE {Arm U Atari lift) 5*. PULSi Mrm «/ lr«r( trad)
, JYS • srs
*<* i ' RtCUM-
| :*« ! i£NT OiAS
DISTANT VISIOM
-r a; CORR TOIS.-
rr a/ cow* TO zo/
C SYS * SITTING I AFTER EXERCISE C 2 MIM AFTER 0. RCCUMKNT E AFTER STANDING
(3 HUH ) WAS.
U. REFRACTION U. HEAR VISION
IY S. CX ; CORR TO 1Y
§Y S CX | CORR. TO IY
J. MfTEOOPMOHIA (SpR VISION (Tut w<<<«4 rtiutn U. DEPTH PERCEPTION UMCORRECTEO
CORRECTED
(7. NIGHT VISION (Tctt uttttnd tcort) M RED LENS TEST M. INTRAOCULAR TENSION
71. AUDIOMETER 72. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOMOTOR
OOO 9000 *OW> *OOO 1000
m Hi io«4 «<* '"• "" «'" mi
RIGHT |
UFT j
71. MOTES (Con/mil**) AND SIGNIFICANT OR INTERVAL HISTORY
                                                        (l/M •<4
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                                                             Attachment 3 B-23


                     Environmental Protection Agency

                            Privacy Statement

             Occupational Medical Monitoring Program Records



A.  Authority under which the information is requested:

         Executive Order 11807 which requires that the Occupational Safety
    and Health Act, P.L.  91-596 with its standards,  Code of  Federal Regula-
    tions, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910 of the Code of Federal Regu-
    lations be applied to  Federal  employees;  Code  of Federal Regulations
    Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1960, Federal Workers  Safety and Health.
    Other authority:   FPM Chapter 339  (Medical  examination for appoint-
    ment); FPM Chapter 752 (Adverse actions); FPM Chapter 810 (Claims for
    disability under worker's compensation);  FPM Chapter 831 (Disability
    retirement); and FPM Chapter 339.

B.  Uses to be made of the information:

         The purpose of  requesting personal  information is to enable the
    Agency Occupational  Medical  Officer,  examining  physician,  and other
    health personnel to  provide an occupational health program directed
    primarily to  protecting  you and  your  fellow workers  from  potential
    hazards in your work environment  and  the  reduction of these hazards.
    The records  will  document  your  nealth status,  changes  in physical
    conditions through  the years,  and provide  an  account of  any  care
    rendered, advice given, and consultations that are  recommended.

         This information may be used to determine unusual susceptibility
    to illness or  injury from exposures in your work environment, to deter-
    mine suitability for assignments,  to  permit  medical surveillance for
    potential harmful effects of toxicants used in your work, and to pro-
    vide medical treatment and advice.  It may be used  to plan,  implement
    and evaluate occupational  and preventive health programs, conduct epi-
    demiologic research, teach,  and compile statistical data.     It may be
    used to adjudicate claims and  determine benefits,  and  report medical
    conditions required by law  to  Federal,  State and local agencies.  It
    may be used for other lawful purposes including litigation.

C.  Rules of confidentiality:

         The information contained in  these files  will  be  open  to review
    and usage by the Agency Medical Office, the examining physician and/or
    duly authorized assistants except as noted below.

         Information to be utilized for research,  teaching, statistical,
    or epidemiologic purposes will have  all  identifying data obliterated
    and made unrecognizable as to the identity of an individual.

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B"24                                                          Attachment  3
          The records will  be in the local  custody of the examining physi-
     cian and will be maintained  in a locked filing cabinet.  Access will be
     limited to the  custodian and/or duly appointed health  assistants.  A
     copy of  these  records may  be  maintained  in the Agency  Occupational
     Medical  Office.   These will  be maintained  in  locked cabinets  with
     access limited  to the  Director or  to authorized  assistants.

          Upon death,  retirement,   resignation,  or  other termination  of
     Government service,  the records will be forwarded to the  US  Office of
     Personnel Management or  Public Health Service Commissioned Officer De-
     partment  of  Personnel  for  inclusion  with  the  Official  Personnel
     Records and the custody thereof will  fall  to the custodian  of  such
     records.

          Medical  information  about an  applicant,  employee  or  annuitant
     shall not be  made available to the public.

          Medical  information about an  applicant,  employee or annuitant may
     be disclosed to the  applicant, employee,  or annuitant,  or  a repre-
     sentative designated  in writing, except that medical information  con-
     cerning a mental or other  condition of such a  nature  that  a prudent
     physician would hesitate to inform  a  person  suffering  from  it of its
     exact nature  and probable outcome  may be disclosed only to a licensed
     physician designated  in writing for that purpose by the individual or
     his designated  representative.  The determination on whether informa-
     tion falls into the purview above  will rest with the custodian.

          The  applicant,  employee,  or  annuitant  may  request release of
     records or information,  and/or designate a  representative, in a letter
     directed to the custodian of  the records.   The  request will  give the
     full  name  of  the representative  and  indicate the  records to be re-
     leased.

 D.  Disclosure of information by participants:

          Disclosure of the required information is entirely voluntary ex-
     cept for employees for whom disclosure is a condition of employment or
     where a medical  certificate is required before assignment to positions
     which  involve:  (a)  operation  of  motor  vehicles;  (b) exceptional
     stress;  (c) food handling;  (d)  direct  physical  contact with  people  -
     for  example,  nurses   and  physical  therapists;  (e)  work  above ground
     level  or  around hazardous  power-driven machinery;  or, (f)  strenuous
     exertion or hazardous duty or physical requirements more  arduous  than
     those  described on SF-177 - for example,  aircraft  pilots  and flight
     crew  members,  underwater divers,  and firefighters.   Pilots, flight
     crew members, and divers  will  not  be  certified  or recertified if the
     information is  not furnished.   Other  persons may decline to partici-
     pate  in  or withdraw from  the  Occupational  Medical  Monitoring Program
     at any time without prejudice to themselves or to their jobs.  If the
     information is not furnished, however,  a complete occupational health

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                                                             Attachment §-25


    evaluation cannot be done and will not be attempted; optimum advice and
    care may  therefore  not be possible.   Delay  in  certain  benefits may
    result from the lack of available information about an employee.

E.  Certification:

         I have received a copy of this  statement  which I may retain and I
    understand that I may  receive  additional copies of this statement upon
    request.   I understand that a  copy of this statement will be placed in
    my health records as evidence  of this notification.
       (Typed or printed name)
           (Signature)                                     (Date)

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      APPENDIX C






TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

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                                                                      c-i
                    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


     TRAINING OUTLINE FOR EMPLOYEES ENTERING SITES OF UNKNOWN TOXICITY



1.  PURPOSE OF TRAINING


    o  Ensure that EPA employees are aware of the hazards of their job and
       that they perform their work in a manner where risk to personal
       health and safety is reduced to the greatest extent feasible.


    o  Ensure that regard for the health and safety of the employees of
       other agencies, the public, and the environment is maximal.


    o  To comply with all laws, rules, and regulations to safeguard the
       health and safety of its employees, the public, and the environment.


    o  Increase the personal confidence of employees to react responsibly
       and to handle emergency situations in a safe  manner.


2.  GENERAL FIELD SAFETY TECHNIQUES (Recommended 4 hours of instruction)


    o  Responsibilities


          Site surveillance/observation/plan development


       .  Restricted zones


          Safe zones


       .  Rules for VIP's


    o  Vehicles (cars, trucks, mobile labs, boats, aircraft, etc.)


       .  Inspection


          Operation


       .  Mandatory rules, regulations, and orientation


       .  Checklist


    o  Hazardous Materials in the Field


          Hazards


          Storage


          Transportation (DOT requirements for common sample preservatives,
            plus general "common sense" rules.)

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C-2
                                      2.


      o  Use of Field Equipment and Supplies

          .  Work  Tools

            Testing Equipment

            Sampling Equipment

          .  Checklist          |

      o  Working  Alone  (Buddy System)

            Isolated Areas

          .  Streams, Rivers, Lakes

          .  Hazardous Waste  Sites

          „  Hazardous Materials Spills,  etc.

      o  Work  Limitations

            Weather   (severe, inclement,  hot,  cold)

          .  Fatigue

            Hours of Work

   3.  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND  CLOTHING  (Minimum 3 hours  instruction)

      o   General

      o   Availability

      o   Respiratory  Protection

          .   Selection

          .  Fit

             Donning  and Use

       o   Personal Protection Apparel

          „   Clothing (gloves,  aprons,  coveralls,  etc.)

             .   Disposable
                Reusable
                Totally enclosed  suits

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                                                   3.
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                                                                                       C-3
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                          Eye Protection


                          Foot Protection


                          Head Protection


•                      .  Hearing Protection


                    o   Limitations of Clothing and Equipment


•                  o   Decontamination of Clothing and Equipment


_                  o   Disposal of Contaminated Clothing and Equipment


™                  o   Hands on Practical Exercise w/Protective Clothing and/or
                        Equipment


|              4.  EMERGENCY HELP AND SELF-RESCUE (Minimum 8 hours instruction)


                    o   Recommended Supplies


                    o   Principles of First Aid


                          Restoration of Breathing


                          Control of Bleeding


                          Recognition and Treatment of Physical Shock


                        «,  Open and Closed Wounds and Burns


                        .  Franctures and Dislocations


                        „  Transportation


                    o   Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation


                    o   Availability of Emergency Services


                          Poison Control Centers


                        .  Hospitals and Ambulance Services


                        .  Army EOD,


                          Local fire and police departments

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C-4
                                      4.




       o  How  to Obtain Emergency Treatment in  the Field




       o  How  and when to file a report of accidant/incident




       o  Employee Compensation Benefits




   5.   SAMPLING TECHNIQUES  (Recommended 4 hours  instruction)




       o  Hazards of  Sampling




       o  Amount of Samples




       o  Containers  for Samples




       o  Field Tests, Yes  or No?




            Radioactive




         ,  Explosivity




         .  Other




       o  Sample Security




       o  Packaging (DOT/EPA)




       o  Shipment  (DOT/EPA




   6.   FREQUENCY OF TRAINING




       o  New  or inexperienced employees should complete  24 hours  of  initial




         training  before beginning  their duties, and  at  least  8 hours  of




         refresher training annually.






       o  Experienced employees should complete 8 hours of  initial refresher




         training  and at least 8 hours of refresher training annually.




   7.   RECORD  OF TRAINING




       o  A  record  of training should be maintained  in the  employee's official




         personnel file.

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                    APPENDIX  D



                INCOMPATIBLE  WASTE

(Federal  Register,  Vol.  43, No.  243,  Dec.  18,  1978)

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      , DECEMBER 18,19781
        PART IV
  Hazardous Waste

  Proposed Guidelines and
Regulations and Proposal on
  Identification and Listing

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59018      D~2                                       PROPOSED  RULES

                       F65AA-01  Ml                                action, (3) release of toxic fumes and gases
                       iojw-vi-mj                                M a  resujt of  mixmgi (4)  release  of toxic
                                        APPENDIX I                    substances  in case of fire or explosion, (5)
                                                                      fire or explosion, and (6) generation of flam-
                                   INCOMPAT:BLE WASTE               mable or toxjc gases

                         Many wastes, when mixed with others at a     Below Is a summary list of potentially in-
                       hazardous  waste  facility,  can  potentially   compatible waste materials  or components
                       produce adverse human health and environ-   and   the  adverse  consequences  resulting
                       mental effects through means such  as the   from mixing of  waste in one group with
                       following: (1) heat generation, (2) violent re-   waste in another group.


                           The mixing of a  Group A waste with  a Group  B waste may have the potential conse-
                       quence as noted.

                                         Group l-A                                         Group 1-B
                       Acetylene sludge                                      Acid sludge
                       Alkaline caustic liquids                                 Acid and water
                       Alkaline cleaner                                       Battery acid '
                       Alkaline corrosive liquids                               Chemical cleaners
                       Alkaline corrosive battery fluid                           Electrolyte, acid
                       Caustic wastewater                                    Etching acid liquid or solvent
                       Lime sludge and other corrosive alkalies                   Liquid cleaning compounds
                       Lime was'ewater                                      Pickling liquor and other corrosive acids
                       Lime and water                                       Spent acid
                       Spent caustic                                         Spent mixed acid
                                                                            Spent sulfunc acid
                           Potential consequences: Heat generation, violent  reaction.

                                         Group 2-A                                         Group 2-B
                       Asbestos .vaste. and other toxic wastes        "             Cleaning solvents
                       Beryllium wastes                                      Data processing liquid
                       Unrinsed pesticide containers                            Obsolete explosives
                       Waste pei ticides                                       Petroleum waste
                                                                            Refinery waste
                                                                            Retrograde  explosives
                                                                            Solvents
                                                                            Waste oil and other flammable and explosive
                                                                             wastes
                           Potential consequences: Release of toxic substances in case  of fire or explosion.
                          •             ••••«•
                                         Group 3-A                                         Group 3-B
                       Aluminum                                            Any \iaste in Group l-A or 1-B
                       Beryllium
                       Calcium
                       Lithium
                       Magnesium
                       Potassium
                       Sodium
                       Zinc powder and other reactive metals and metal
                         hydrides
                           Potential consequences: Fire or explosion; generation of flammable hydrogen gas.
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                                  FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43.  NO. 243—MONDAY, DECEMBER 18, 197«                                                 |


                                                                                                                                                       I
                 GroMP 4-A                                         Group 4-B
Alcohols                                             Any concentrated waste in Groups l-A or l-B
Water                                               Calcium
                                                    Lithium
                                                    Metal hydrides
                                                    Potassium
                                                    Sodium
                                                    SO.CU.  SOC1,.  PCI,.  CHJSiCl,. and other
                                                     water-reactive wastes
    Potential consequences: Fire, explosion, or heat generation; generation of flammable or
toxic gasos.
   •             ••»•••
                _ Group 5-A                                         Group 5-B
Alcohols                                             Concentrated Group l-A or 1-B wastes
Aldehydes                                           Group 3-A wastes
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Nitrated hydrocarbons and other reactive organic
  compoi]r.*i5 and solvents
Unsaturatea hydrocarbons
    Potential consequences: Fire, explosion or violent reaction.
   •             •••••*
                 Group IS A                                         Group fi-B
Spent cyanide  and suifide solutions                       Group 1-B wastes
    Potential consequences: Generation ot toxic hydrogen cyanide  or hydrogen suifide gas.
                  Group T-A                                         Group 7-B
Chlorates and other strong oxidizers                     Acetic acid and other organic acids
Chlorine                                             Concrnt rated mineral acids
Chlorltes                                            Group *-£* wastes
Chromic a< id                                         Group 3-A wastes
Hypochlontes                                        Group 5-A wastes and other flammable and
Nitrates                                               combustible wastes.
Nitric acid, fuming
Perchiorati-3
Permanganates
Peroxides
    Potential consequences: Fire, explosion, or violent reaction.
   •             ••••••
   Source: "T^aw. Regulations and Guidelines for Handling of Hazardous Waste". Califor-
nia Department of Health. February 1975.

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                                             APPENDIX E

                                       POISON CONTROL CENTERS
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                            APPENDIX F
    
    
    
    
    
    
    SUBSTANCES POSING POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENIC RISK
    

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                                                                       F-i
      GUIDELINES FOR THE LABORATORY USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
    
    
    
    
          POSING A POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENIC RISK
    LABORATORY CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN SAFETY STANDARDS SUBCOMMITTEE
    
    
    
    
                               OF THE
    
    
    
    
    DHEW COMMITTEE TO COORDINATE TOXICOLOGY AND RELATED PROGRAMS
    
    
    
    
                            June 5, 1979
    
    
    
    
                            REVISED DRAFT
    

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    F-2
                                APPENDIX A
    
                Substances Posing a Potential Occupational
                             Carcinogenic Risk
    
    
            Substances Currently Regulated by the Occupational
              Safety and Health Administration as Carcinogens
    
    Asbestos                                   Ethylenimine
    4-Nitrobiphenyl                            beta-Propiolactone
    alpha-Naphthylamine                        2-Acetylaminofluorene
    Methyl  chloromethyl ether                  4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
    3,3'  -  Dichlorobenzidine (and its  salts)   N-Nitrosodimethylaraine
    bis-Chloromethyl ether                     Vinyl chloride
    beta-Naphthylamine                         Inorganic  arsenic
    Benzidine                                  Benzene
    4-Aminodiphenyl                            Coke oven  emmissions
    
    
                   Current List of Substances Selected by
              the  DHEW Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and
            Related Programs  for Inclusion Under  these Guidelines
            (This list of substances is not to be considered  all
            inclusive.  Rather, it serves as a list of substances
            for  which Safety  Data Sheets are currently being  prepared)
    
    Benzofalpyrene                            7,12-Dimethylbenz[Vl anthracene
    Benz(ajanthracene                          Dibenz£a,l3 anthracene
    3-Methylcholanthrene                       N-Nitrosopiperidine
    N-Nitrosodiethylamine                      1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine
    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine                  N-Nitroso-N-ethylurethane
    N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine                  l-Methyl-3-nitro-l-nitrosoguanidine
    N-Nitroso-N-methylurea                     1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
    N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea                      1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
    N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane                 Hydrazine
    2-Aminofluorene                            Methylhydrazine
    N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene            Procarbazine
    N-Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene            Chlorambucil
    Dimethylethylenimine                       Uracil mustard
    3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine                    Carbon tetrachloride
    3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine                     Chloroform
    4,4'-Methylene bis-(2-chloroaniline)       1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
    m-Toluenediamine                           Ethylene Dibromide
    Polychlorinated biphenyls                  Propylenimine
    Diepoxybutane                              4-Nitroquinoline-l-oxide
    p-Dioxane
    N- f^-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyfj -formamide
    Bromoethyl  methanesulfonate                Diazomethane
    Ethyl methanesulfonate                     Cycasin
    Methyl methanesulfonate                    o-Aminoazobenzene
     1,3-Propane sultone                        3'-Methyl-4-aminoazobenzene
    Ethionine                                  Aflatoxins
    Urethane
    

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                                                                               F-3
                                    APPENDIX F
    
    
    
    
                          PRIMARY  CONTAINMENT EQUIPMENT
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
          The purpose of primary containment equipment  is  to  protect  the  laboratory
    
    
    
    
    worker from exposure to vapors or aerosols  of hazardous materials that may be
    
    
    
    
    released by procedures performed within the equipment.  Primary containment
    
    
    
    
    equipment that is properly designed,  located, maintained, and operated can pre-
    
    
    
    
    vent or minimize the escape of hazardous materials  from the equipment into the
    
    
    
    
    laboratory.  The open face laboratory-type  hood and the glove box are the prin-
    
    
    
    
    cipal primary containment equipment upon which laboratory workers depend for
    
    
    
    
    their protection while working with chemical carcinogens.
    
    
    
    
    Open face laboratory-type hood
    
    
    
    
          The laboratory fume hood and the Class I and  II  biological safety
    
    
    
    
    cabinets are examples of open face laboratory-type  hoods.  Protection is
    
    
    
    
    provided by the flow of air from the laboratory into the  hood through the
    
    
    
    
    open face.  This air flow reduces the potential for escape of airborne
    
    
    
    
    contaminants from the hood into the laboratory.  This  type of equipment does
    
    
    
    
    not provide protection against direct contact with hazardous materials when
    
    
    
    
    procedures are performed with the equipment.  Such protection is dependent
    
    
    
    
    on strict adherence to good laboratory practice.
    
    
    
    
          The performance of this type of equipment in protecting the laboratory
    
    
    
    
    worker  from exposure to airborne contaminants is dependent on the design of
    
    
    
    
    the face opening, the location of the equipment within the laboratory, how
    
    
    
    
    well it  is maintained, the manner in which the equipment is  used, as  well as
    
    
    
    
    the quantity and velocity of  air that passes across the  open face.  The  face
    
    
    
    
    opening  should be designed so that air turbulence around the edges of the open
    
    
    
    
    face is  avoided  and uniform face velocities  are maintained.  The equipment
    

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           F-4
    
    
    
    
    
    
         should be  located  in an area of the laboratory away from doorways, supply
    
    
    
    
         air  diffusers, and spaces of high activity.  Generally, the best location
    
    
    
    
         for  this equipment is at the end of the room away from the laboratory door.
    
    
    
    
         Equipment  users  should be trained to avoid abrupt movements of the arms
    
    
    
    
         and  body which tend to draw air from the hood into the laboratory.  Open
    
    
    
    
         face laboratory-type hoods that are designed, located, maintained and oper-
    
    
    
    
         ated properly can  provide excellent worker protection for any activity which
    
    
    
    
         should be  performed in such equipment when the velocity of air crossing the
    
    
    
    
         open face  is maintained at approximately 100 feet per minute.
    
    
    
    
              Equipment  descriptions,  recommended specifications and certification
    
    
    
    
         procedures can be  found in the following documents:
    
    
    
    
               (1)  Laboratory Fume Hood Standards, Recommended for the U.S.
    
    
    
    
                   Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract No. 68-01-4661.
    
    
    
    
                   Jan.  15, 1978.
    
    
    
    
               (2)  Laboratory Safety Monograph, A Supplement to the NIH
    
    
    
    
                   Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research.  U.S. Department
    
    
    
    
                   of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service,
    
    
    
    
                   National Institutes  of Health.  January,  1979.
    
    
    
    
               (3)  National Sanitation  Foundation Standard No. 49.  National
    
    
    
    
                   Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Michigan,  1976.
    
    
    
    
         Glove Box
    
    
    
    
               The  Glove  Box or Class  III biologic::!  safety  Cabinet  is a  totally
    
    
    
    
         enclosed ventilated cabinet  of gastight  construction.  Operations within
    
    
    
    
         this equipment  are conducted  through  attached  rubber  gloves.  When  in use,
    
    
    
    
         the equipment  is maintained  under  negative  air pressure  of  at  least 0.5 inches
    
    
    
    
         water gage.  Supply air  is  drawn  into  the  equipment through HEPA filters  and
    
    
    
    
         the exhaust air is treated  to  prevent  the  discharge of  contaminants into  the
    /"5V
    

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                                                                               F-5
    
    
    
    
    
    environment.  This equipment provides the highest level of personnel and
    
    
    
    
    environmental protection.
    
    
    
    
          The Glove Box is generally recommended for the isolation of procedures
    
    
    
    
    involving stock quantities of chemical carcinogens.   Worker protection can be
    
    
    
    
    compromised by puncture of the gloves or accidents creating positive pressure.
    
    
    
    
    Flammable solvents should not be used in this equipment unless a careful evalu-
    
    
    
    
    ation has been made to determine that concentrations do not reach dangerous
    
    
    
    
    levels.  When required and determined safe, these materials should only be
    
    
    
    
    introduced in the equipment in closed, nonbreakable containers.  These materials
    
    
    
    
    should not be stored in the equipment.  Flammable gas should not be piped to
    
    
    
    
    this equipment.
    

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    U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
    R^ion 5, Library  (5PL-16)
    '-' • £  Dearborn Street, Room 1G7';
        -: >;o,  IL   60604
    

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