United States
 Environmental Protection
 Agency
Atmospheric Sciences
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
'I-
 Research and Development
EPA/600/S3-85/062 Sept. 1985
 Project Summary
 Preparation,  Archiving,  and
 Documentation  of Available
 Meteorological  and  Tracer
 Data  for  Model   Evaluation
 J. G. Droppo, Jr., C. S. Glantz,
 C. R. Watson, and R. K. Woodruff
  The aim of this effort was to develop
 and test a means for archiving invalu-
 able data sets in a timely fashion before
 the necessary supporting information
 about the data becomes lost forever, rt
 was anticipated that no one fixed for-
 mat could possibly cope with the vari-
 ety of data collected during typical
 large-scale micrometeorological and
 tracer diffusion field studies. The use of
 these data is hampered, as much of it
 exists in tabular form in reports. While
 the intent was to develop a means for
 preserving these data  and making
 these data more readily available, it
 was not the goal of this project to de-
 sign a data base management system.
 The envisioned need was a procedure
 for storing the data that was  suffi-
 ciently flexible to encompass a variety
 of data types and formats. To accom-
 plish this, a survey was conducted of
 field data available from studies con-
 ducted prior to 1980. Based on the find-
 ings of the survey, it was determined
 that the archived data should include
 descriptive  information as well as the
 data values. The entries in the descrip-
 tive portion of the archive would  in-
 clude, among other items, a data fact
 summary, a description of the experi-
 ment, and special information regard-
. ing the data. The archived data are de-
 scribed using a structure  called a data
 map. The data map allows the data to
 be entered in original formats, while
 providing the user with a machine-
 readable pathway for accessing the di-
 verse  data  formats. Standard words
are used for mapping variables and
their units within the various data sets.
This feature allows global scanning of
data sets for specific variables. The data
archive procedures are demonstrated
using the Minnesota 1973 micrometeo-
rological field data and the Hanford
1964 tracer diffusion field data.

  This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Atmospheric Sciences
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that are fully docu-
mented in four separate reports (see
Project Report ordering information at
back).

Introduction
  There is a relatively large and diverse
body of data from micrometeorological
and tracer field experiments that has
been and could be used for develop-
ment and evaluation of numerical simu-
lation models. The use of these data is
hampered, as much of it exists in tabu-
lar form in reports. The intent of this
project was to develop a means for pre-
serving these data and of making these
data more readily available to the tech-
nical community. It was anticipated that
no one fixed format could possibly cope
with the variety of data collected. Fur-
thermore, the goal  of the project was
not to design a data base management
system. The envisioned need was a pro-
cedure for storing the data that was suf-
ficiently flexible to encompass a variety
of data types and formats.

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Results and Discussion
  To become familiar with the data
types and formats likely to be encoun-
tered, a survey was performed of field
experiments conducted prior to 1980.
This survey not only provided informa-
tion about the general character of the
body of data, but also identified data of
potential interest. This survey identified
22 micrometeorological and 41 tracer
diffusion data sets of primary interest
for potential future archiving. The focus
of the survey was on data sets for rela-
tively flat to gently rolling uniform rural
terrain  with small to moderate rough-
ness elements. Only diffusion studies
with controller tracer releases were con-
sidered. From these, a subset of five
micrometeorological and five tracer dif-
fusion data sets were recommended for
first archiving. The recommended data
sets include the following:
Micrometeorological
  Minnesota 1973
  Cabauw 1977-1979
  Koorin Expedition
  Cooperative Atmospheric Boundary
  Layer Experiment (CABLE)
  Phoenix Project

Tracer Diffusion
  Hanford 1964
  Hanford Secondary Series
  Cabauw
  Karlsruhe 1969-1974
  Ocean Breeze

  For the purpose of developing  and
testing  the archive  structure, process,
procedures, and documentation,  two
data sets were selected: The Minnesota
1973 and the Hanford 1964. The criteria
for selection were flexible and included
such considerations as potential level of
current interest in the data, the compre-
hensiveness  of measurements, the
availability of the original data, and the
attributes of the data set to provide a
realistic test of archival process and pro-
cedures. The findings of the survey, in-
cluding the  data summaries outlining
the instrumentation nature and extent
of the field studies are presented in the
following report:
"Survey of Meteorological and Tracer
Data  for Demonstrating  a Data
Archive", by R. K. Woodruff and C. S.
Glantz, EPA/600/3-85/052.
  Based on the findings of the survey, it
was decided  that an archive of data
should include descriptive information
as well as the data values. The entries in
the descriptive portion of the archive
are data set fact summary, a narrative
description of experiment and data,
special information, references, a de-
scription of archive data files, contacts
(names, addresses, and phone num-
bers), and standard experiment sum-
mary tables. This documentation is not
meant to replace existing documenta-
tion of the experiments. The  data
archive narrative information provides
sufficient information to identify rele-
vant data for particular analyses. It also
provides room to advise users of special
considerations that otherwise might go
unnoticed, such as deposition or espe-
cially high quality data.
  The data are entered into the archive
in a form as close to original form as
possible to maintain a  clear link with
original records. The archived data are
contained  within a well-defined struc-
ture called a data map. The data map
allows data to be entered in original for-
mats, while providing the  user with a
machine-readable pathway for access-
ing the diverse data formats. Standard
words are used for mapping variables
and their units within the various data
sets. This feature allows global scan-
ning of data sets for specific variables.
The data structure is designed  so that
selected portions may  be  loaded into
the user's data base system or it may be
accessed  using a custom computer
program.
  A complete description  of the pro-
posed data archive format including a
FORTRAN computer code for accessing
the data is presented in the  following
report:
"Introduction to Micrometeorological
and Tracer Data Archive Procedures,"
written by J.  G.  Droppo, Jr.  and  C. R.
Watson, EPA/600/3-85/053.
  As mentioned earlier, two data sets
were selected  to develop, test and
demonstrate  the  archival  procedures.
The narrative documentation  is con-
tained in two reports:

   (1) "The  Minnesota 1973 atmo-
      spheric boundary layer  experi-
      ment. Micrometeorological and
      tracer data archive set 001 docu-
      mentation report,"  by R. K.
      Woodruff, J. G. Droppo and C. S.
      Glantz,  EPA/600/3-85/054.
   (2) "The Hanford 1964 atmospheric
      dispersion experiment. Microme-
      teorological and tracer data
      archive set 002 documentation re-
      port."  by  C. S.  Glantz,  R. K.
      Woodruff and J. G. Droppo, EPA/
      600/3-85-055.
  The Minnesota 1973 archive provides i
the data for the 11 daytime experiments
that  were conducted  in northwestern
Minnesota during  late summer. This
was  a full-scale measurement program
over flat, smooth terrain to measure tur-
bulent fluxes at multiple levels from a
32-m tower and a tethered balloon. The
meteorological conditions measured
represent fully developed stationary
convective periods with mixing depths
to approximately  2300 m.  Measure-
ments include mean  profiles of wind
and  temperature and fluctuations of
three wind components. A unique as-
pect  of these measurements is the high
vertical  spatial density of turbulence
measurements in the surface layer and
extending to a height  of 1220 m in the
mixed layer. Unique to this  archive  is
the original  Minnesota  1973 rawin-
sonde data that were provided  by
Yutaka Izumi of the Air Force Geophysi-
cal Laboratory.
  The Hanford  1964 archive  provides
the data for the 14 tracer experiments
conducted during the  spring and sum-
mer  of 1964. These  nighttime experi-
ments were conducted during generally
stable atmospheric stability over the rel-
atively flat terrain of the  U.S. Govern-
ment's Hanford Reservation in south- ,
eastern  Washington. The tracer  (ZnS)
was  released at an elevation of 121.9 m
from a fixed tower and sampled on a
number of arcs arrayed between 200 m
and  12,800 m downwind of the release
tower. Sampling  was conducted at
1.5 m above ground level. Meteorologi-
cal measurements  include wind speed
and  direction, standard deviation of the
horizontal wind direction,  and tempera-
ture measured at eight levels on a
121.9-m tower.

Conclusions and
Recommendations
  The results of the survey of meteoro-
logical  and tracer field  studies con-
ducted prior to 1980 suggest there are
data sets of significant value that would
be worthwhile to  preserve.  As evi-
denced  by the data donated by Yutaka
Izumi, it is important to  establish the
archive  before the original participants
are no longer available and before the
original notes of the experiments are
lost. The use of the data map to define
the storage format and structure of the
data values proved successful. The data
from two field studies were entered into
the archive in a form  that was close to.
the  form  of the original records. TheJ

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i data map was successfully used to re-
 trieve and access these values from the
 archive. It is recommended that the ef-
 fort be continued. It is anticipated that
 the archive procedures developed and
 tested are flexible enough to accommo-
 date most data sets. The archive proce-
 dures require minimal changes to the
 data format from that provided in the
 original records. The preservation  of
 field data has obvious benefits to ongo-
 ing and future research and model de-
 velopment efforts.
J. G. Droppo, Jr., C. S. Glantz, C. R. Watson, andR. K. Woodruff are with Batte/ie,
  Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Rich/and, WA 99352.
J. S. Irwin is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
This Project Summary covers the following reports:
  "Survey of Meteorological and Tracer Data for Demonstrating a Data Archive,"
    (Order No. PB  85-235 190/AS; Cost: $ 10.00, subject to change).
  "Introduction to Micrometeorological and Tracer Data Archive Procedures,"
    (Order No. PB  85-235 216/AS; Cost: $10.00, subject to change).
  "The Minnesota 1973 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment: Micrometeor-
    ological and Tracer Data Archive Set 001 Documentation Report, "(Order No.
    PB 85-243 152/AS; Cost: $9.95, subject to change).
  "The Hanford 1964 Atmospheric Boundary Experiment: Micrometeorological
    and Tracer Data Archive Set OO2 Documentation Report," (Order No. PB
    85-243 145/AS; Cost: $9.95, subject to change).
The above reports  will be available only from:
        National Technical Information Service
        5285 Port Royal Road
        Springfield, VA 22161
        Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
        Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        Research  Triangle Park, NC 27711

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