United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Laboratory
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/S3-89/050 July 1989
Project Summary
Quality Assurance Procedures:
Method 5G, Determination of
Particulate Emissions from
Wood Heaters from a Dilution
Tunnel Sampling Location
M. W. Hartman, R. C. Olin, G. D. Rives, and T. E. Ward
The full report Is a comprehensive
document Intended to be used as an
aid for wood heater manufacturers
and testing laboratories In performing
particulate matter sampling of wood
heaters according to EPA protocol,
Method 5G. These procedures may
be used in research and
development, and as an aid in
auditing and certification testing. A
detailed, step-by-step quality
assurance guide is provided to aid in
the procurement and cissembly of
testing apparatus, to clcsirly describe
the procedures, and to facilitate data
collection and reporting. Suggested
data sheets are suppliejd that can be
used as an aid for both
recordkeeplng and certification
applications. Throughout the
document, activity matrices are
provided to serve as a summary
reference. Checklists are also
supplied that can be used by testing
personnel. Finally, for the purposes
of ensuring data quality, procedures
are outlined for apparatus operation,
maintenance, and traceability. These
procedures combined with the
detailed description of the sampling
and analysis protocol will help
ensure the accuracy and reliability of
Method 5G emission testing results.
This Project Summary was
developed by EPA's Atmospheric
Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
NC, to announce key findings of the
research project that Is fully
documented In a separate report of
the same title (see Project Report
ordering Information at back).
Introduction
Quality Assurance Procedures:
Method 5G, Determination of Particulate
Emissions from Wood Heaters from a
Dilution Tunnel Sampling Location has
been prepared as an aid for wood heater
manufacturers and testing laboratories in
both performing the sampling and
analysis procedures specified in Method
5G, and in ensuring data quality and
reliability. Method 28 must be used for
operation of the wood heater when using
Method 5G for determining wood heater
emissions. Therefore, the user may also
refer to Quality Assurance Procedures:
Method 28, Certification and Auditing of
Wood Heaters.
Method Highlights
Method 5G contains all the
requirements for sampling wood heater
particulate emissions from a dilution
tunnel location and is used in conjunction
with EPA Method 28, "Certification and
Auditing of Wood Heaters," which
contains all the requirements for
determining compliance with the New
Source Performance Standard (NSPS).
Methods 5G and 28 are in Appendix A,
40 CFR 60. For reference purposes only,
a complete copy of Method 5G, Appendix
-------
A, 40 CFR 60 (53 FR 5884) is included in
Section 10.0 of these procedures.
Method 5G describes specifications for
three sampling train options, each with
unique configurations, specifications, and
sample recovery procedures. Method 5G
also describes specifications for
constructing a dilution tunnel for
capturing wood heater exhaust and
mixing with ambient dilution air. The
dilution tunnel provides the locations and
conditions for measurement of exhaust
gas flow rates and particulate matter
concentrations. The method specifically
prescribes allowable tunnel dimensions,
materials of construction, and minimum
distances between air flow obstructions
and sampling ports, but some flexibility is
allowed on tunnel design and
configuration.
The three sampling train options are
labeled Methods 5G-1, 5G-2 and 5G-3 in
this document. Each of the three
sampling options requires that sample be
withdrawn from the dilution tunnel at a
rate proportional to the dilution tunnel gas
flow. Collected particulate matter is
determined gravimetrically in each of the
three options. The method provides
calculation procedures to be used for
reporting particulate catches from each of
the different sampling train options on a
common basis. The Method 5G-1
sampling train consists of a dual-filter dry
sampling train operated at about 0.015
m3/min (0.5 ft3/min). Probe and filter
types and sizes are specified. Filters are
maintained at ambient temperatures,
£32°C (90°F), and particulate mass
collected in the probe and on the filters is
determined gravimetrically after removal
of uncombined water (uncombined water
is water that is removed from the sample
catch by desiccation).
The Method 5G-2 sampling train
consists of front and back filters plus
impingers, and is operated at from 0.003
to 0.015 m3/min (0.1 to 0.5 ft3/min).
Particulate matter is collected on two
glass fiber filters separated by impingers
immersed in an ice bath. The first filter is
maintained at a temperature no greater
than 120°C (248°F). The second filter
and the impinger system are cooled so
that the existing temperature of the gas is
maintained at 20°C (68°F) or less. The
particulate mass collected in the probe,
on the filters, and in the impingers is
determined gravimetrically after removal
of uncombined water. The Method 5G-3
sampling train is similar to the 5G-1 train
with the following exceptions: (1)
sampling train flow rates, probe, filter
holder, and filters need not meet the
same specifications as the Method 5G-2
train; (2) two simultaneously operated
sampling trains are required for each test
run; and (3) probe and filter holder
assemblies may be weighed directly in
order to determine the collected
particulate matter mass. Particulate
emission rates measured with the two
simultaneous sampling trains must be
within 7.5 percent of the average of the
two emission rates, or 7.5 percent of the
weighted average emission rate limit in
the applicable standard (see Section
7.2.5 of Method 5G), whichever is
greater.
Quality Assurance Procedures
Highlights
These procedures, Quality Assurance
Procedures: Method 5G, Determination
of Particulate Emissions from Wood
Heaters from a Dilution Tunnel Sampling
Location, are to be used as an aid in
assembling the testing apparatus, to list
and describe the required procedures, to
facilitate data reporting, and in particular
to describe quality assurance procedures
designed to aid in establishing the data
quality and reliability of Method 5G
emission results. Activity matrices are
provided at the end of the appropriate
sections for use as a checklist for critical
actions performed as a part of Method
5G. For data reporting, Section 12.0
consists of blank data sheets which can
be reproduced and used as an aid in data
collection and reporting. Examples of the
use of these sheets are given in this
manual. A summary of the organization of
this manual follows.
Section 1.0 of this manual presents
the specifications, criteria, and design
features for the equipment and materials
required to set up and operate the
Method 5G sampling trains and dilution
tunnel. This section also informs the user
of the apparatus selection options. The
activity matrix given at the end of Section
1.0 can be used as a convenient checklist
for equipment procurement and initial
acceptance check procedures.
Section 2.0 provides an item-by-item,
step-by-step guide to the required
calibration procedures and calibration
frequencies. Some of the apparatus
require calibration before each
certification test series while other pieces
of apparatus require calibration as
infrequently as annually. An activity
matrix is provided at the end of Section
2.0 as a summary of the calibration
procedures.
Section 3.0 describes procedures
conducted prior to each certification test
series and prior to each individual test
run. These include dilution tunn*
cleaning and assembly, equipmen
checks and calibrations, preliminar
dilution tunnel measurements, velocit
traverse, sampling train cleaning ani
checks, sampling and analysis reager
checks, pretest weight determinations
sampling train preparation and assembly
and pretest leak checks. Examples am
an activity checklist are provided to assis
testing personnel in performing am
documenting pretest procedures. Thi
activity matrix at the end of Section 3.I
summarizes the pretest procedures.
Section 4.0 lists and describes th<
activities performed during the test run
These include dilution tunnel operation
sampling tram operation, measurement c
test run data at 10-minute intervals
periodic Pitot tube cleaning and checks
and recording of data. The activity matri,
lists each activity performed in the orde
it occurs during the test run.
Section 5.0 describes the activitie:
required at the end of the certificatioi
test. Post-test sample train activitiei
include: post-test leak checks; sampl(
recovery; and post-test weighings
Quality assurance procedures include <
calibration check on the analytica
balance for each series of weighings, ant
the recovering, weighing and reporting o
filter blanks. Post-test series procedure:
include a dry gas meter calibratioi
check. The activity matrix at the end o
Section 5.0 summarizes the post-tes
procedures.
Section 6.0 describes calculation;
necessary for performing and reportim
Method 5G results. Calculations fo
determining dry gas volume, solven
wash blanks, total particulate weights an<
concentrations, emission rates, an<
proportional rate variations are provided
The activity matrix at the end of Sectioi
6.0 summarizes the calculatioi
procedures.
Section 7.0 recommends equipmen
maintenance procedures. These an
summarized in an activity matrix. Sectioi
8.0 describes recommended audi
procedures, including both performanc<
audits and system audits. An activity
matrix summarizes these procedures
Section 9.0 summarizes the
recommended standards for establishing
traceability.
Section 10.0 contains a copy o
Method 5G as published in the Federa
Register (40 CFR 60.530). Method 5H i:
also provided as a reference for thi
Method 5G-2 sampling and analysii
alternative. Section 11.0 provides thi
reader with a list of the references use<
in the preparation of this manual. Sectioi
-------
k12.0 provides data sheets that can be
'used for calculations, recordkeeping, and
data reporting. These sheets may be
removed and duplicated.
Conclusions and
Recommendations
It is concluded that these procedures
will be helpful in ensuring and
establishing the quality of the data when
sampling according to the requirements
of Method 5G. This will be beneficial for
data producing activities including
research and development, and as an aid
for certification and auditing purposes.
These quality assurance procedures
may be used in the individualized quality
assurance program established by each
user. Copies of the checklists and
summary activity matrices provided
herein may be supplied to testing
personnel to ensure that the described
quality assurance procedures are
followed. Also, copies of blank data
sheets can aid the user in ensuring and
establishing data quality in sampling
activities.
-------
M. W. Hartman, R. C. Olin and G. D. Rives are with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709. The EPA author T. E. Ward is also the EPA
Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Quality Assurance Procedures: Method 5G,
Determination of Particulate Emissions from Wood Heaters from a Dilution
Tunnel Sampling Location," (Order No. PB 89-198 303/AS; Cost: $21.95,
subject to change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
O.j p'~r
.L V ~
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S3-89/050
------- |