United States
                   Environmental Protection
                   Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
                   Research and Development
EPA/600/S7-87/025  Feb. 1988
&ER&         Project  Summary
                   Flexible Regional  Emissions
                   Data System  (FREDS)
                   Documentation  for  the 1980
                   NAPAP  Emissions  Inventory

                   Lysa G. Lebowitz and Andrew S. Ackerman
                    The report documents the develop-
                   ment of the Flexible Regional Emis-
                   sions Data  System (FREDS) for the
                   1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory.
                   FREDS extracts emissions data, perti-
                   nent modeling parameters (e.g.. stack
                   height, exhaust gas temperature), and
                   source identification information and
                   applies appropriate temporal, spatial,
                   and pollutant species allocation factors
                   to  derive a gridded, speciated,  and
                   temporally resolved emissions file
                   suitable as input to regional-scale
                   atmospheric simulation models (e.g..
                   Regional Acid Deposition  Model,
                   Regional Oxidant Model). FREDS con-
                   sists of five main modules which are
                   used to apply allocation factors to the
                   annual emissions data, plus peripheral
                   software used to ensure the quality of
                   and maintain the allocation factor files.
                   Separate programs are used to process
                   point and area sources. The five main
                   modules are the Model Data Extraction
                   Module,  the  Temporal  Allocation
                   Module, the Speciation Module, the
                   Spatial Allocation  Module,  and the
                   Model  Input  Preprocessor. The
                   modules  can  be implemented in  a
                   logical sequence or independently of
                   the others.  In addition, FREDS  has
                   been designed in a modular fashion,
                   facilitating future modifications to the
                   system. FREDS and associated peri-
                   pheral software are written in the
                   language  of the Statistical  Analysis
                   System (SAS) and are installed on
                   EPA's  National Computer  Center's
                   IBM 3090.
                    This Project Summary  was devel-
                   oped by EPA's Air  and Energy Engi-
neering Research L aboratory. Research
Triangle Park, NC, to announce key
findings of the research project that is
fully documented in a separate report
of the same title (see Project Report
ordering information at back).

Background
  The National Acid  Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) was
established  by  Congress  in 1980 to
coordinate  and expand  research  on
problems posed by acid deposition in and
around the U.S. The program is managed
through the Interagency Task Force on
Acid  Precipitation which  coordiantes
eight  task groups having specific tech-
nical responsibilities. The Task Group on
Emissions and Controls is charged with
development of comprehensive and
accurate inventories of emissions from
sources thought to be important in acid
deposition processes. To fulfill its stated
objective and to support  other  related
NAPAP research, the Task Group on
Emissions and Controls has generated a
number of major emissions data bases
using 1980 as the base year.
  Processing of the 1980 NAPAP Emis-
sions  Inventories required the design of
an emissions data handling system—the
Flexible Regional Emissions Data System
(FREDS). The primary focus of these
inventories  is the fulfillment  of the
emissions data requirements for devel-
opment and testing  of the Eulerian
Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM).
In addition, emissions data are also used
to support applications of the Regional
Oxidant Model (ROM).

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  To support development and testing of
these models, the 1980 Annual Inventory
(Version  5.0) was resolved temporally,
spatially,  and  by component  species
using  FREDS.  An  Eulerian  modeling
emissions inventory (Version 5.2) and an
oxidant modeling  emissions  inventory
(Version 5.3) were created. The temporal,
spatial, and species  resolution of  the
emisisons data bases are summarized in
Table  1.  Annual emissions were allo-
cated to  the  hourly level for a typical
weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (12 temporal scenarios); county-
level area sources and major and minor
point sources were spatially resolved to
modeling grid cells; TSP emissions were
assigned to  alkalinity classes;  NOX
emissions were split  into NO and N02
constituents;  and THC emissions were
apportioned into as many as 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes.
  To create the  1980 NAPAP Modeling
Emissions Inventories, FREDS requires
input  files of  temporal,  spatial,  and
pollutant species allocation factors. The
development  of these factors  is docu-
mented in separate reports. FREDS was
also used to generate a SAS version of
the 5.0 NAPAP Emissions Inventory for
incorporation into the Acid Deposition
Data Network (ADDNET).
                    FREDS Overview
                      FREDS is a software system designed
                    to produce an emissions  inventory
                    suitable for input to regional acid depo-
                    sition models. FREDS extracts emissions
                    data,  pertinent modeling  parameters
                    (e.g., stack height, exhaust gas temper-
                    ature), and source identification informa-
                    tion  from EIS  Master  File  records  or
                    preprocessed SAS  files  and  applies
                    appropriate temporal, spatial, and pollu-
                    tant species allocation factors to derive
                    a gridded,  speciated,  and  temporally
                    resolved emissions file suitable as input
                    to a regional scale atmospheric simula-
                    tion model. FREDS for the 1980 NAPAP
                    Emissions Inventory consists of five main
                    modules  which are used to apply allo-
                    cation factors to the annual  emissions
                    data,  plus peripheral software  used  to
                    quality assure and maintain the alloca-
                    tion factor files. Separate programs are
                    used to process point and area sources.
                    The five primary modules are the Model
                    Data  Extraction Module (MDEM), the
                    Temporal Allocation  Module (TAM), the
                    Speciation  Module  (SM),  the  Spatial
                    Allocation Module (SAM), and the Model
                    Input Preprocessor (MIP).  For  final
                    processing, the SAS  formatted MIP
                    output is converted to  EBCDIC  charac-
                    ters. An overview of  FREDS modules is
                                        presented in Figure 1. Each module
                                        be implemented in a logical sequence or
                                        independently of the others. To maximize
                                        flexibility, FREDS allows user definition
                                        of up to 15 pollutant emissions and their
                                        identities (referenced  by Storage  and
                                        Retrieval of Aerometric Data (SAROAD)
                                        pollutant code), the temporal  scenario,
                                        spatial grid origin and grid cell size, and
                                        the number and relationship of pollutant
                                        subspecies. Grid definition is specified in
                                        a  user generated Spatial Allocation
                                        Module Control Options File. To speciate
                                        emissions for various chemcial mecha-
                                        nisms  or pollutant subclasses, the user
                                        inputs  the requested classes using files
                                        containing the desired speciation factors.
                                        In addition,  FREDS has been designed
                                        in a modular fashion, facilitating^future
                                        modifications to the system. FREDS and
                                        associated peripheral software are writ-
                                        ten  in  the command  language  of the
                                        Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and are
                                        installed on the National Computer
                                        Center's IBM 3090.

                                        Conclusion
                                          FREDS software  provides a versatile
                                        and powerful  computer  program to
                                        allocate  emission  inventory  data  into
                                        various levels of  spatial, temporal, and
                                        species resolution. The system was used
Table 1.    1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory Coverage

                       Annual Emissions
                           Inventory
                          Version 5.0
                                 Eulerian Model
                               Emissions Inventory
                                   Version 5.2
                                                    Oxidant Model
                                                  Emissions Inventory
                                                     Version 5.3
Temporal resolution    Annual/seasonal
Geographic domain
and resolution
48 contiguous states
and Canada; area
sources at the county
level
Hourly emissions values for typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday for all four seasons

48 states and Canada; separate major point source file with minor point sources and area
sources assigned to 20 x 20 km grid cells
Anthropogenic point
sources
Stationary sources emitting 100 or more tons of criteria pollutants in 1980
Anthropogenic area
sources
Stationary sources emitting less than 10O tons of criteria pollutants in 1980 and area sources
Pollutants
SO* SO*. TSP, Pb.
CO, HCI, HF, /V0fc
NHa. VOC, total
hydrocarbons (THC)
SO* SCU TSP (Ca. Mg, K, Na). Pb. CO,
HCI, HF, NO. NO,, NHa. VOC. THC
(methane, ethane, ethylene, propane,
propylene. N-butane, 1,2-butane, isobutene,
trans-2-butene, pentane, isopentane,
2.3-dimethylbutane, other alkenes,
other alkanes, formic acid, acetic acid,
other organic acids, formaldehyde.
acetaldehyde. propionaldehyde, acetone.
other ketones, other aldehydes.
xylene, benzene,  toluene, ethylbenzene,
other aromatics)
SOi. SOt. TSP (Ca. Mg. K, Na). Pb, CO. HCI.
HF. NO. NOz. NHs. VOC. THC. (methane.
paraffins, ethylene, olefins, formaldehyde,
other aldehydes, toluene, xylene, isoprene,
nonreactives)

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                                      Annual
                                     Emissions
                                       Data


• MDEM Options





9 JAM Options
9 Timezone File
• Temporal Allo-
cation Factors


9 SM Options
9 Timezone File
9 Spec/at/on
Factors



9 SAM Options
9 Spatial Allo-
cation Factors
9 Surrogate
Selection File




9 MIP Options
9 Emissions Files •
• EBCDIC























































Model Data
Extraction
Module
(MDkMJ



Temporal
Allocation
Module
(TAM)


Speciation
Module
(SM)



Spatial
Allocation
Module
(SAM)




Model
Input
Preprocessor
(MIP)





























Diagnostic
Report




Diagnostic
Report


Diagnostic
Report



Diagnostic
Report




Diagnostic
Report

successfully in a first of a kind application
to process the 1980 NAPAP Emissions
Inventory into data bases to support the
requirements of  acid  deposition  and
photochemical  oxidant atmospheric
models. The documentation of the pro-
gram  in accordance with EPA's auto-
matic data processing standards ensures
that it will be a useful tool for future
applications.
                                     Resolved
                                     Emissions
                                       Filels)
Figure 1.   FREDS Overview.

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     L G. Lebowitz and A. S. Ackerman are with Alliance Technologies Corporation.
       Bedford, MA 01730.
     J. David Mobley is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
     The complete report, entitled "Flexible Regional Emissions Data System for
       the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory," consists of the following:
       Document (Order No. PB 88-129 499/AS; Cost: $38.95, subject to change)
       Software Location Factor Files (Order No. PB 88-129 481 /AS; Cost $800.00
         [document listed above is included in the price of the software], subject
         to change)
     The above will be available only from:
             National Technical Information Service
             5285 Port Royal Road
             Springfield, VA 22161
             Telephone: 703-487-4650
     The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
            Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
                                                                                      MAR; i'^
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