United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/S7-87/025 Feb. 1988
&ER& Project Summary
Flexible Regional Emissions
Data System (FREDS)
Documentation for the 1980
NAPAP Emissions Inventory
Lysa G. Lebowitz and Andrew S. Ackerman
The report documents the develop-
ment of the Flexible Regional Emis-
sions Data System (FREDS) for the
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory.
FREDS extracts emissions data, perti-
nent modeling parameters (e.g.. stack
height, exhaust gas temperature), and
source identification information and
applies appropriate temporal, spatial,
and pollutant species allocation factors
to derive a gridded, speciated, and
temporally resolved emissions file
suitable as input to regional-scale
atmospheric simulation models (e.g..
Regional Acid Deposition Model,
Regional Oxidant Model). FREDS con-
sists of five main modules which are
used to apply allocation factors to the
annual emissions data, plus peripheral
software used to ensure the quality of
and maintain the allocation factor files.
Separate programs are used to process
point and area sources. The five main
modules are the Model Data Extraction
Module, the Temporal Allocation
Module, the Speciation Module, the
Spatial Allocation Module, and the
Model Input Preprocessor. The
modules can be implemented in a
logical sequence or independently of
the others. In addition, FREDS has
been designed in a modular fashion,
facilitating future modifications to the
system. FREDS and associated peri-
pheral software are written in the
language of the Statistical Analysis
System (SAS) and are installed on
EPA's National Computer Center's
IBM 3090.
This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Air and Energy Engi-
neering Research L aboratory. Research
Triangle Park, NC, to announce key
findings of the research project that is
fully documented in a separate report
of the same title (see Project Report
ordering information at back).
Background
The National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) was
established by Congress in 1980 to
coordinate and expand research on
problems posed by acid deposition in and
around the U.S. The program is managed
through the Interagency Task Force on
Acid Precipitation which coordiantes
eight task groups having specific tech-
nical responsibilities. The Task Group on
Emissions and Controls is charged with
development of comprehensive and
accurate inventories of emissions from
sources thought to be important in acid
deposition processes. To fulfill its stated
objective and to support other related
NAPAP research, the Task Group on
Emissions and Controls has generated a
number of major emissions data bases
using 1980 as the base year.
Processing of the 1980 NAPAP Emis-
sions Inventories required the design of
an emissions data handling system—the
Flexible Regional Emissions Data System
(FREDS). The primary focus of these
inventories is the fulfillment of the
emissions data requirements for devel-
opment and testing of the Eulerian
Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM).
In addition, emissions data are also used
to support applications of the Regional
Oxidant Model (ROM).
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To support development and testing of
these models, the 1980 Annual Inventory
(Version 5.0) was resolved temporally,
spatially, and by component species
using FREDS. An Eulerian modeling
emissions inventory (Version 5.2) and an
oxidant modeling emissions inventory
(Version 5.3) were created. The temporal,
spatial, and species resolution of the
emisisons data bases are summarized in
Table 1. Annual emissions were allo-
cated to the hourly level for a typical
weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (12 temporal scenarios); county-
level area sources and major and minor
point sources were spatially resolved to
modeling grid cells; TSP emissions were
assigned to alkalinity classes; NOX
emissions were split into NO and N02
constituents; and THC emissions were
apportioned into as many as 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes.
To create the 1980 NAPAP Modeling
Emissions Inventories, FREDS requires
input files of temporal, spatial, and
pollutant species allocation factors. The
development of these factors is docu-
mented in separate reports. FREDS was
also used to generate a SAS version of
the 5.0 NAPAP Emissions Inventory for
incorporation into the Acid Deposition
Data Network (ADDNET).
FREDS Overview
FREDS is a software system designed
to produce an emissions inventory
suitable for input to regional acid depo-
sition models. FREDS extracts emissions
data, pertinent modeling parameters
(e.g., stack height, exhaust gas temper-
ature), and source identification informa-
tion from EIS Master File records or
preprocessed SAS files and applies
appropriate temporal, spatial, and pollu-
tant species allocation factors to derive
a gridded, speciated, and temporally
resolved emissions file suitable as input
to a regional scale atmospheric simula-
tion model. FREDS for the 1980 NAPAP
Emissions Inventory consists of five main
modules which are used to apply allo-
cation factors to the annual emissions
data, plus peripheral software used to
quality assure and maintain the alloca-
tion factor files. Separate programs are
used to process point and area sources.
The five primary modules are the Model
Data Extraction Module (MDEM), the
Temporal Allocation Module (TAM), the
Speciation Module (SM), the Spatial
Allocation Module (SAM), and the Model
Input Preprocessor (MIP). For final
processing, the SAS formatted MIP
output is converted to EBCDIC charac-
ters. An overview of FREDS modules is
presented in Figure 1. Each module
be implemented in a logical sequence or
independently of the others. To maximize
flexibility, FREDS allows user definition
of up to 15 pollutant emissions and their
identities (referenced by Storage and
Retrieval of Aerometric Data (SAROAD)
pollutant code), the temporal scenario,
spatial grid origin and grid cell size, and
the number and relationship of pollutant
subspecies. Grid definition is specified in
a user generated Spatial Allocation
Module Control Options File. To speciate
emissions for various chemcial mecha-
nisms or pollutant subclasses, the user
inputs the requested classes using files
containing the desired speciation factors.
In addition, FREDS has been designed
in a modular fashion, facilitating^future
modifications to the system. FREDS and
associated peripheral software are writ-
ten in the command language of the
Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and are
installed on the National Computer
Center's IBM 3090.
Conclusion
FREDS software provides a versatile
and powerful computer program to
allocate emission inventory data into
various levels of spatial, temporal, and
species resolution. The system was used
Table 1. 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory Coverage
Annual Emissions
Inventory
Version 5.0
Eulerian Model
Emissions Inventory
Version 5.2
Oxidant Model
Emissions Inventory
Version 5.3
Temporal resolution Annual/seasonal
Geographic domain
and resolution
48 contiguous states
and Canada; area
sources at the county
level
Hourly emissions values for typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday for all four seasons
48 states and Canada; separate major point source file with minor point sources and area
sources assigned to 20 x 20 km grid cells
Anthropogenic point
sources
Stationary sources emitting 100 or more tons of criteria pollutants in 1980
Anthropogenic area
sources
Stationary sources emitting less than 10O tons of criteria pollutants in 1980 and area sources
Pollutants
SO* SO*. TSP, Pb.
CO, HCI, HF, /V0fc
NHa. VOC, total
hydrocarbons (THC)
SO* SCU TSP (Ca. Mg, K, Na). Pb. CO,
HCI, HF, NO. NO,, NHa. VOC. THC
(methane, ethane, ethylene, propane,
propylene. N-butane, 1,2-butane, isobutene,
trans-2-butene, pentane, isopentane,
2.3-dimethylbutane, other alkenes,
other alkanes, formic acid, acetic acid,
other organic acids, formaldehyde.
acetaldehyde. propionaldehyde, acetone.
other ketones, other aldehydes.
xylene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
other aromatics)
SOi. SOt. TSP (Ca. Mg. K, Na). Pb, CO. HCI.
HF. NO. NOz. NHs. VOC. THC. (methane.
paraffins, ethylene, olefins, formaldehyde,
other aldehydes, toluene, xylene, isoprene,
nonreactives)
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Annual
Emissions
Data
• MDEM Options
9 JAM Options
9 Timezone File
• Temporal Allo-
cation Factors
9 SM Options
9 Timezone File
9 Spec/at/on
Factors
9 SAM Options
9 Spatial Allo-
cation Factors
9 Surrogate
Selection File
9 MIP Options
9 Emissions Files •
• EBCDIC
Model Data
Extraction
Module
(MDkMJ
Temporal
Allocation
Module
(TAM)
Speciation
Module
(SM)
Spatial
Allocation
Module
(SAM)
Model
Input
Preprocessor
(MIP)
Diagnostic
Report
Diagnostic
Report
Diagnostic
Report
Diagnostic
Report
Diagnostic
Report
successfully in a first of a kind application
to process the 1980 NAPAP Emissions
Inventory into data bases to support the
requirements of acid deposition and
photochemical oxidant atmospheric
models. The documentation of the pro-
gram in accordance with EPA's auto-
matic data processing standards ensures
that it will be a useful tool for future
applications.
Resolved
Emissions
Filels)
Figure 1. FREDS Overview.
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L G. Lebowitz and A. S. Ackerman are with Alliance Technologies Corporation.
Bedford, MA 01730.
J. David Mobley is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Flexible Regional Emissions Data System for
the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory," consists of the following:
Document (Order No. PB 88-129 499/AS; Cost: $38.95, subject to change)
Software Location Factor Files (Order No. PB 88-129 481 /AS; Cost $800.00
[document listed above is included in the price of the software], subject
to change)
The above will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
MAR; i'^
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use S300
EPA/600/S7-87/025
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U S SHVIR PROTECTION AGENCT
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