United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/S8-86/025 Jan. 1987
SEPA Project Summary
Quality Assurance and
Quality Control Plan
for the NAPAP 1985
Emission Inventory
Dale A. Pahl and J. David Mobley
The National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program (NAPAP) was established
by Congress in 1980 to coordinate and ex-
pand research on problems posed by acid
deposition in and around the United
States. One fundamental objective of
NAPAP's research program is the location
and quantification of natural and anthropo-
genic emissions that may contribute to
acid deposition.
To achieve this objective, NAPAP's Task
Group on Emissions and Controls is con-
ducting a multi-year research effort to de-
velop an accurate and comprehensive in-
ventory of 1985 emissions thought to be
important in acid deposition processes.
Most of the 1985 emissions inventory data
for this inventory are being collected and
analyzed by state air pollution control
agencies and the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
This report has been developed to iden-
tify quality assurance (QA) and quality
control (QC) objectives that must be met
to create a comprehensive and accurate
inventory. The report reviews data quality
objectives, priorites, and constraints for
the collection of the 1985 inventory data.
The responsibilities of the inventory parti-
cipants are delineated and presented
chronologically in a workplan. QA and QC
checks of both inventory data and the
allocation factors used to resolve the data
spatially, temporally, and by pollutant
species are discussed. Guidelines for data
processing, documentation, and the calcu-
lation of data quality indicators are
reviewed.
This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
NC, to announce key findings of the re-
search project that is fully documented in
a separate report of the same title (see Pro-
ject Report ordering information at back).
Introduction
The "Acid Precipitation Act of 1980"
(Title VII of PL. 96-294) established a
long-term interagency program to coordi-
nate and expand research on problems
posed by acid deposition in and around the
United States. Among the priority research
objectives that Congress identified for this
National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) was the development of
a nationwide emissions inventory of
sources that may contribute to the forma-
tion of acid precipitation. This report has
been developed to identify the specific
QA/QC objectives that must be met to
create a comprehensive and accurate
1985 emissions inventory.
The report is divided into eight sections,
each of which is described briefly in the
following paragraphs.
1. Project objectives and constraints.
This section includes a general de-
scription of the emission inventory
objectives, constraints (\JB., schedule
and resources), and principal in-
termediate and final work products
that will be developed to meet the
project objectives. The emission in-
ventory objectives are presented in
Table 1.
2. Project organization. This section
describes the participating agencies
in the inventory and QA/QC activi-
ties, the line of authority for the in-
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Table 1. NAPAP Emissions Inventory Data Quality Objectives
Emissions Inventory
for Support of
Assessment Activities
Emissions Inventory
for Support of
Eulerian Atomospheric Modeling
Geographic Domain
Temporal Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Species
Sources
48 U.S. States, Canada, and
Northern Mexico
Annual/seasonal
Coordinates for point sources; area sources
at the county level in the U.S. and at the
province level in Canada; natural sources at
county, state, or province level; release
height
SO2, NOX, reactive VOC
Anthropogenic stationary sources emitting
>100 tons of criteria pollutants in 1985;
area source estimates for small stationary
and mobile sources; natural sources
48 U.S. States, Canada, and Northern Mexico
Hourly emissions values for typical weekday, Saturday, and
Sunday for all four seasons
Coordinates for point sources; area sources assigned to 20
x 20 km grid cells; re/ease height
SO2, SO* TSP (Ca, Mg, K, Na). Pb, CO, HC1, HF, NO, NO2,
NH^, VOC (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene,
N-butane, 1,2-butane, isobutane, isobutene, trans-2 butene,
pentane, isopentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, other alkenes,
other alkanes, formic acid, acetic acid, other organic acids,
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propiona/dehyde, acetone, other
ketones, other aldehydes, xylene, benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, other aromatics), natural emissions (S, alkaline
dust, NOX from lightning and biota, isoprene, 4 ma/or tur-
pines, NH3)
Anthropogenic stationary sources emitting >100 tons of
criteria pollutants in 1985; area source estimates for small
stationary and mobile sources; natural sources
ventory project, and a general de-
scription of the responsibilities of
each participant. Figure 1 shows the
project organization for the 1985 in-
ventory. A workplan describing the
inventory schedule and detailing
intermediate workproducts is
included.
3. Data collection and QA/QC proce-
dures. This section reviews the
procedures used by the inventory
participants to collect, check, and
process inventory data. Documents
and work-shops for inventory par-
ticipants communicating standard-
ized collection and calculation pro-
cedures are discussed and
referenced.
4. Data custody. This section details
the handling of the data from the
beginning of the project when indi-
viduals obtain data through comple-
tion of the project when the final
inventory tapes are completed.
5. Data validation and QA/QC checks.
This section discusses the proce-
dures used to validate the computer-
ized data reported for the point and
area sources in the inventory. The
procedures include emissions confir-
mation status, comprehensiveness
of the source data in terms of both
missing sources and double counted
sources, and the representativeness
of the data for the reference year of
the inventory project. Procedures for
making QA/QC checks for invalid
data and for identifying data items
which have been encoded properly,
but which are not appropriate for the
emission source (e.g., a stack height
which exceeds the tallest known
stack constructed for that type of
source), are discussed.
Internal data handling procedures.
This section details procedures for
generating emission factors used to
calculate source emissions and to
resolve the inventory data temporal-
ly, spatially, and by pollutant species.
The section also discusses plans for
testing newly developed software
modules used to perform QA/QC
checks, computer system updates,
spatial/temporal/speciation alloca-
tions, and other routine inventory
data processing activities. Addition-
ally, procedures followed to flag data
identified as questionable, establish
audit trails, and resolve the question
or substitute default values for the
original data are discussed. Finally,
plans to develop and maintain a li-
brary to store copies of intermediate
data, final inventories, and support-
ing software are discussed.
7. Calculation of data quality indica-
tors. This section details the proce-
dures for determining the accuracy
or uncertainty of the final inventory.
8. Plans for QA/QC reports and correc-
tive action. This section describes
plans to develop QA/QC reports and
to review and resolve QA/QC ques-
tions and problems that have been
identified with the inventory data or
inventory methodologies (e.g., pro-
blems with area source estimation
methodologies).
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State Managers
Compile & Report Point Source Data via NEDS
Resolve QA/QC Questions
It
NEDS Regional Managers at EPA Regional Offices
Make Edit Checks of State NEDS Submittals
Resolve QA/QC Questions
It
NEDS Managers at EPA -OAPQS
Provide NEDS Technical Guidance to States/Regions
Receive NEDS Data
Compile NEDS Point Source Update
9 Compile Area Source Estimates
Transmit/Receive QA/QC Reports
NAPAP Emission Inventory Managers at EPA-AEERL
Receive NEDS Point Source & Area Source Data
Make QA/QC Checks to Identify Comprehensiveness & Accuray Problems for Resolution
Integrate Canadian, Mexican Natural Source Data
Conduct Speeies, Temporal, and Spatial Allocations
Conduct Uncertainty Analysis
Document Inventory Process & Procedures
Compile NAPAP Emission Inventory
It
NAPAP's Internal Review Panel
Authorizes Internal/External Review of NAPAP Emission Inventory
Recommends Changes Based on Review
Forwards Findings and Recommendations to Task Group Chairman
It
NAPAP Task Group Chairman at DOC
Reviews Findings and Recommendations
Authorizes NAPAP Emission Inventory Release
I
NAPAP 1985 Emission Inventory to Users
Figure 1. Interactions in NAPAP 1985 emissions inventory.
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The EPA authors Dale Pahl (also the EPA Project Officer, see belowl and David
Mobley are with the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
The complete report, entitled "Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan for the
NAPAP 1985 Emission Inventory, "(Order No. PB 86-237 682/AS; Cost: $9.95.
subject to change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Center for Environmental Research
U.S. OFFICIAL MAS
Environmental Protection
Agency
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