United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA-600/S8-84-012 May 1984
Project Summary
Particulate Data Reduction System
(PADRE) User Guide
W.M. Yeager and C.E. Tatsch
The Particulate Data Reduction
(PADRE) system is an interactive com-
puter program that facilitates entry,
reduction, and analysis of cascade im-
pactor data for panicle size distribu-
tions. PADRE was developed to ensure
the quality of data included in the Fine
Particle Emissions Information System
(FPEIS), a component of the Environ-
mental Assessment Data Systems
(EADS). (NOTE: EPA-600/8-80-007, NTIS
No. PB 80-222433, is the FPEIS user
guide.) PADRE can be used to store,
review, edit, and analyze data and,
through a variety of data checks, to
identify invalid or suspect data. Impac-
tor stage cut points are calculated, and
cumulative and differential mass con-
centrations are determined and inter-
polated to standard diameters. This
document is a working reference for
users at a computer terminal. The prin-
cipal technical reference for PADRE is
a separate Reference Manual.
This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Industrial Environmental Re-
search Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that is fully
documented in a separate report of the
same title (see Project Report ordering
information at back).
Introduction
The purpose of the PADRE system is to
facilitate entry of validated cascade impac-
tor data from representative in-stack runs
into the Fine Particle Emissions Information
System (FPEIS). Reduction of observed data
to determine the effective stage cut diame-
ters as well as the cumulative and differen-
tial mass concentrations takes only a few
seconds; this capability permits test plans or
operating conditions to be modified to op-
timize data quality. Data entered through
PADRE are not automatically included in
FPEIS; the test contractor is expected to
designate representative runs after he has
validated the data.
Overview
PADRE involves four processes: (1) data
entry, (2) data reduction, (3) data com-
parison, and (4) data designation for inclu-
sion in FPEIS. In the entry process,
observable data are read from an interactive
computer terminal operated by the user.
These data may then be reviewed and modi-
fied. In the reduction process, effective cut
points (stage DM's) and mass concentrations
for each impactor stage are computed under
actual operating conditions. Mass concen-
trations are interpolated to standard inter-
vals. In the comparison process, data from
several user-specified runs are reduced and
statistics at each standard diameter are com-
puted. In the designation process, observ-
able data from user-specified runs are printed
in the format of EADS data input forms. The
user may submit these forms to EPA to in-
clude data in the EADS.
Prerequisites
Approval of EPA
The PADRE system is operational at EPA's
National Computation Center (NCC) on the
UNIVAC 1100/83 computer. The system
may be made available to all users of cascade
impactors: EPA personnel, EPA contractors,
and State agencies, as well as commercial
and consultant impactor users. EPA provides
this resource tool to analyze cascade impac-
tor data with the understanding that users
will share validated data from representative
runs by submitting them for inclusion in the
EADS/FPEIS data base.
-------
Data
While new users are encouraged initially
to practice with PADRE using artificial or
sample data, it is assumed that most users
will be using actual data from in-stack im-
pactors. PADRE is no substitute for a careful
record of all operating conditions and ob-
served data. New users may wish to tran-
scribe these data to PADRE data entry
forms, as described in the PADRE User
Guide. This procedure will help users to
become familiar with the variable names and
brief descriptions used in the program,
prepare users for the order of the computer
prompts for user-supplied data, and ensure
that all necessary data have been recorded.
Calibration constants for the user's impac-
tor are required in order to calculate the
DSO'S. These may be submitted to the EPA
Project Officer prior to using PADRE system,
so they will be available to the system when
the impactor configuration is specified.
Calibration information for a specific impac-
tor is sought by the impactor type (e.g.,
Andersen and Brink), the impactor model
(e.g., Mark III), and a unique number as-
signed to the set of plates used in the calibra-
tion run. If a user does not know the
calibration constants for his impactor but
wants to conduct preliminary analyses, he
may specify the impactor type and model
with plate set ID zero to access "generic"
calibration constants. The validity of the
DSO'S will, of course, depend on how close-
ly his impactor corresponds to the mythical
impactor the generic calibration constants
describe.
Terminal
Access to PADRE requires an interactive
computer terminal. All program printed lines
contain less than 80 characters. Any terminal
that can access the NCC in Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina, may be used, but
one that produces a permanent "hard copy"
to document the PADRE session is recom-
mended. The basic requirement is that the
terminal emulate a teletype at 30 or 120
characters per second and handle computer
communications with even parity.
Use of PADRE
User Authorization
Users should check with the EPA Project
Officer, Gary L. Johnson, (919/541-7612) to
obtain the proper authorization to access the
EPA/NCC. PADRE is readily available to
users holding a valid NCC account number;
special arrangements may be made for other
users to access the NCC (and PADRE) on
a case-by-case basis through the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS). All
users will be expected to bear the costs of
the computer use.
PADRE Logical Control
Users can follow several paths through
this program. For example, the user may
wish only to enter pre-weights for several
sets of substrates, or may wish either to up-
date or to reduce previously entered data.
The user will be offered a series of options
at decision points. At each decision point,
the user will be asked a question: "DO YOU
WISH TO ...? ENTRY Y OR N." The user
may choose either to accept the option (e.g.,
enter data for a new run) or to continue to
the next decision point in the program,
where another option will be offered. The
user indicates a decision by entering Y or N
and then depressing the return key on the
terminal. Any response other than Y or N will
be rejected, and the user will again be
prompted to enter Y or N.
There are three basic sections or loops. At
the end of each section, the user has the op-
tion either to return to the beginning of that
section or to proceed to the next section.
After the last section, the user has the op-
tion to return to the beginning of the first
section. If the user enters Y after the first
prompt: "Do you want an introduction to
PADRE?", a 60 line flowchart, outlining the
logical flow, will be printed on the terminal.
No "dead ends" exist in PADRE. If the
user takes a wrong path, he can drop
through to the bottom of the section, or of
the program, and return to the beginning.
Data Entry and Review
Eventually, the user will reach a point
when he will enter observed data. The com-
puter will prompt him with a brief descrip-
tion of, and the name associated with, the
data item. The computer will then wait for
the user to enter the data. After all items
have been entered, there will be a review of
the data, listing both the names and values.
The user will then have an opportunity to
mark which, if any, items he wishes to
change. After the marked items have been
changed, there will be another review and
opportunity to make further changes. When
the user has been through the entire list of
variables and has made no changes, the
system will proceed to the next decision
point.
Retrieving Stored Data
PADRE manages all data storage and
retrieval for the user, but certain user re-
quirements are basically matters of good
housekeeping. These requirements are also
essential for retrieving stored data:
• Substrate weights are assigned an ID by
PADRE.
• Run data are saved by PADRE using
multiple keys.
To retrieve stored data, the user must specify
these keys exactly as originally specified or
assigned. Whenever PADRE stores data, it
prints a message with the keys that must be
used to retrieve those data. These keys
should be recorded for future reference.
If the user wants to recall data for an old
(previously entered) run, he must specify the
same site ID and test date as when the data
was originally entered, as well as the run
number assigned by PADRE. The'user will
be prompted for each of these items at the
appropriate point in the session. If the user
wants to recall data from an old test in order
to modify the test data, he must specify the
same site ID and test date as he did when
the test data were entered. He can then
change any of the test data; if any of the key
items are changed, the system will alter them
for all runs in that test.
Sample Sessions
Figures 1 through 4 show actual PADRE
dialog for basic operations. A previously
entered set of data is modified and reduced.
Both the terminal and the expanded output
are reproduced.
-------
DO YOU HISH TO ENTER OR MODIFY ANY TEST DATA? ENTER Y OR N.
>N
DO YOU HISH TO ENTER DATA FOR A RUN? ENTER Y OR N.
>Y
THE COMPLETE ID FOR THIS RUN IS CNTRTR'RTI SITE-RTP IDATE- 32183 IRUN» 1
••• RECORD THESE VALUES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
ENTER RUN COMMENTS. RCOHH
>D*«OHftritt PADRE'i cirakilitr to icccrt Frtt for* coMtnts
ENTER DATE OF RUN. JOATE. AS HHDDYY
>32383
ENTER STARTING TIME OF RUN, ISTART, AS HHHH (24 HR CLOCK)
ENTER DURATION OF RUN, OUR, IN MINUTES
ENTER RUN TYPE, RTYPE! I FOR INLET, 0 FOR OUTLET
•*• THE CHARACTER o IS NOT APPROVED FOR CODES. RE-ENTER CODE •
>0
ENTER PERCENT H20 IN STACK GAS
ENTER COMPOSITION OF DRY STACK GAS
ENTER PERCENT C02
ENTER PERCENT CO
ENTER PERCENT N2
ENTER PERCENT 02
ENTER AMBIENT PRESSURE, PAHBNT (INCHES HG)
ENTER^STACK PRESSURE RELATIVE TO AMBIENT, DPSTK (INCHES H20)
X)
ENTER STACK TEMPERATURE, TSTACK (DEC F)
280
NTER STACK GAS VELOCITY, VSTACK (FT/SEC)
ENTER IHPACTOR TEMPERATURE, TIHP (DEC F)
MAS EPA METHOD 3 USED TO DETERMINE THE FLOH RATE? ENTER Y OR N
>N
ENTER NAME «21 CHAR) OF METHOD USED
ENT£R°IHPACTOR FLOH RATE, FLOH (ACFH. STACK COND.)
X>.358
ENTER PHYSICAL DIAMETER OF LARGEST PARTICLE COLLECTED, DHAX (MICRONS)
ENTER NOZZLE DIAMETER, DNOZZ (INCHES)
ENTER CUTPOINT OF NOZZLE, CUTNOZ (MICRONS) OR 0 (ZERO) FOR PADRE TO CALCULATE IT
ENTER CUTPOINT OF CYCLONE, CYCL (MICRONS) OR 0 (ZERO) IF NONE USED
ENTER NOZZLE/CYCLONE MASS, CHASS (HG)
HAS BACKUP FILTER USED? ENTER Y OR N.
DID BACKUP FILTER COLLECT LARGE PARTICLES? ENTER Y OR N
>NO
DO YOU HANT TO INTERPOLATE MASS CONCENTRATIONS TO NON-STD. DIAH.? ENTER Y OR N
>NO
ENTER IHPACTOR TYPE, IMPNAM
bN
f
!SEN
IK
ENTER IHPACTOR MODEL, IHPMOD
XtNKNOMN
ENTER PLATE SET ID, IPLATE. OR ZERO FOR GENERIC CALIBRATION
ENTER NUMBER OF STAGES USED IN IHPACTOR, NS
ENTER ID OF HEIGHT RECORD
'•*• MASS ON NOZZLE IS LOU
DATA FOR RUN 1 BY RTI AT RTP ON 32183 HAS BEEN SAVED IN THE TRIAL DATA FILE
DO YOU HANT TO ENTER DATA OR TO MODIFY HEIGHT OR TEST DATA? ENTER Y OR N
Figure 1. Entering run data.
-------
DO YOU UISH TO LIST THE DATA FOR RUN? ENTER Y OR N
>N
DO YOU HISH TO MODIFY ANY "RUN CONDITIONS? ENTER Y OR.N
**» ANOTHER RUN HITH THIS ID ALREADY IxiSTS
THE NEW RUN NO. IS 3
ENTER RUN COMMENTS
>This run propaaated froM fl
ENTER NEW VALUE FOR I START
>1200
ENTER NEW VALUE FOR DUR
>60
ENTER
PAMBNT
ENTER
C02 CO N2
A MARK UNDER VARIABLE(S) YOU HISH TO MODIFY OR RETURN
DPSTK VSTACK TSTACK TIMP DMAX CYCL DN02Z
CUTNOZ CMASS
A MARK UNDER VARIABLE(S)
CO N2 02
YOU W
ISH
H20
TO MODIFY
NS
OR RETURN
IDSUSS ACUTPT
DER VARIABLE(S)
IMPNAM IMPM
YOU UISH TO MODIFY O
IPLATE FLOW
OD
RETURN
METHOD
318 ?EST
VARIABLE(S>
JDATE I
.... YOU HISH TO MODIFY OR RETURN
START OUR RTYPE
ENTER A MARK UNDE
BF FLARGE
ENTER A MARK UNDER
IRUN RCQ
*** MASS ON NOZZLE IS LOU
DO YOU UISH TO MODIFY THE INVALID VALUES?
>N
3 BY RTI AT RTP ON 32183 HAS BEEN SAVED
BY CONTRACTOR RTI , AT SITE RTP , ON DATE
TCOMM* Demonstrate PADRE uith saitple Andersen data Fro* CIDRS
ENTER Y OR N
TEST COMMENTS
Manual
PARTICLE DENSITY
M BiV^Y11*
(GM/COI RHO* 2.400
RUN COMMENTS: RCOMM* This run propagated front #1
DATE OF RUN! JDATE* 32383 AMBIENT PRESSURE (IN HG)
START TIME: i START* 1200 STACK PRESS URT AMBIENT (IN
RUN DURATION (MINK OUR* 60.0 STACK GAS VELOCITY (FT/SEC)
RUN TYPE: RTYPE* o STACK TEMPERATURE (DEC n:
x CARBON DIOXIDE: CQ2* 14.0 IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE (DEC F
x CARBON MONOXIDE: co* .0 MAX. PARTICLE DIAM. (MICRON
x NITROGEN: NZ* so.o CYCLONE CUT POINT (MICRONS)
x OXYGEN: 02* e.o NOZZLE DIAMETER (INCHES):
x WATER VAPOR: HZO= a.o NOZZLE CUT POINT (MICRONS):
BACKUP FILTER USED? BF* YES LARGE PARTICLES ON FILTER?
FLOW RATE DETERMINATION.' METHOD=UNKNOHN
IMPACTOR TYPE: IHPNAM*ANDERSEN IMPACTOR FLOW RATE (ACFM>:
IMPACTOR MODEL: IMPMOD*UNKNOUN
IMP. PLATE SET IDMPLATE* 3 SUBSTRATES ID:
NO. IMP. STAGES USED NS* 8 DESCR*GREASED FOIL
NO. JETS DIAM. CUMDP CALIB NOZZLE .000 MG
264 .1671 .0000 .3050 STAGE 1 .000
264 .1281 .0000 .4300 STAGE 2 .290
264 .0953 .0000 .4100 STAGE 3 .580
264 .0780 .0000 .3850 STAGE 4 .180
264 .0547 .0000 .3410 STAGE 5 1.530
264 .0359 .1760 .3200 STAGE 6 4.390
264 .0269 .2940 .3310 STAGE 7 1.900
156 .0253 1.0000 .2740 STAGE 8 .390
IMPACTOR DP SCALING FACTOR 1.287 FILTER .540 MG
WANT TO RETRIEVE ANOTHER RUN? ENTER Y OR N
>N
DO YOU WISH TO RETRIEVE A TEST? ENTER Y OR N
>N
PAHBNT*
H20>: DPSTK*
: VSTACK*
TSTACK*
: ' CYCL*
DNOZZ*
CUTNOZ*
FLARGE*
FLOH*
IDSUBS*
30.06
280.0
280.0
4§:§
1.000
.00
NO
.358
0
Figure 2. Modifying run data.
-------
WANT TO RETRIEVE ANOTHER RUN? ENTER Y OR N
>N
00 YOU WISH TO TO REDUCE THE DATA? ENTER Y OR N
>Y
PARTICULATE DATA REDUCTION AND ENTRY SYSTEM
DATA FOR TEST BY CONTRACTOR RTI , AT SITE RTI
SAMPLING AT 109.4 Z OF ISOKINETIC RATE
WANT TO SEE RESULTS USING CLASSICAL (STOKES)
>Y
03/21/83 16:48:06
1 , ON DATE 32183. RUN NO. 1
DEF. OF DIAH.? ENTER Y OR N
DcMonstratt PADRE's capability to acctpt Fret fom coMcnts
TOTAL MASS 7.9245-003 1.1978-002 1.8134+001 2.7412+001
GR/ACF GR/DNCF MG/ACM HG/DNCH
DMAX= 48.0
MICRONS
STAGE
NOZZLE
I
2
3
4
5
6
MASS
MASS CUM. MASS
050 GEO. MEAN DM/DLOGD
(MG) (MG/DNCM) (MG/DNCM) (MICRONS) (MICRONSI
.01
1.22
.29
.58
.16
1.53
4.39
.02
3.03
.72
1.44
.45
3.80
10.31
27.39
24.36
23.63
17.94
7.03
38.80
9.16
8.66
1.83
.86
43.60
18.85
8.91
FILTER .54 1.34
*»* CUT POINTS FOR STAGES -1
MEASURED DATA FOR STAGE,
*»* CUT POINTS FOR STAGES 1
MEASURED DATA FOR STAGE,
INTERPOLATED TO STD. INTERVALS:
.19
0 ARE SIMILAR OR INVERTED
0 WITH 050' 38.80 OMITTED
2 ARE SIMILAR OR INVERTED
2 HITH 050* 8.66 OMITTED
(VALUES AT DIAM. MARKED WITH
(MG/DNCM)
2.45-001
4.84+000
2.97+001
9+001
3.33+001
2.37+001
3.24+000
4.46+000
DN/DLOGD
(NO/DNCH)
2.35+003
5.74+005
3.34+007
4.89+011
UANT
>Y
VO PLOT CUM. Z MASS?
1.47
3.56
9.72
13.28
20.15
22.76
24.69
25.95
26.59
ENTER Y OR N
.30
.63
1.00
1.25
2.50
6.00
10.00*
15.00*
20.00*
FROM INTERPOLATION
FROM INTERPOLATION
* ARE EXTRAPOLATED)
.00
2.22+001
3.99+001
3.35+001
1.34+001
9.59+000
8.37+000
5.98+000
4.37+000
Figure 3. Reducing run data.
-------
00 YOU WISH TO REVIEW ALL RUNS IN A TEST?
>N
ENTER Y OR N?
DO YOU WISH TO COMPARE SEVERAL RUNS? ENTER Y OR N
>Y
ENTER DIAMETER DEFINITION (^PHYSICAL, 2=AERODYNflHIC,
3»AERODYNAMIC IMPACTION)
.m. MASS, OR 3-CUM. Z HASS?
>3
THE STD.DEV.. MINIMUM, AND MAXIMUM OF THE CUM. Z MASS HILL BE PRINTED
ENTER THE NO. OF STD. DEV. TO BE USED TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL OUTLIERS.
ENTER INDICES OF RUNS TO BE COMPARED SEPARATED BY BLANKS OR
ENTER IN TO COMPARE ALL INLET RUNS IN THE TEST OR
ENTER OUT TO COMPARE ALL OUTLET RUNS IN THE TEST
*** MASS ON STAGE 7 IS LOU
*** MAX. PARTICLE DIAM., DMAX. IS LARGE
REDUCE DATA FOR RUN 1
Repetitive output omitted
*** MASS ON NOZZLE IS LOU
*** WEIGHT RECORD
*** MASS ON NOZZLE IS LOU
***** NET HEIGHTS ~
*** DATA FOR RUN RTI
66 IS DELETED
"LC^ATfNCOMPLETE ^ CANNQT g£ US£D
TEST SITE
TEST DATE
RUN NUMBER
RUN DATE
START TIME
TOTAL MASS
STD. DIAM.
3 .30
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
DATA
STD.
.63
1.00
1.25
1:38
10.00
15.00
20.00
COL COL COL COL COL
11376 11376 11376 11376 11376
12345
11376 11376 11376 11476 11476
1450 1715 1822 1520 1600
6.739E+03 7.490E+03 4.203E+03 1.495E+03 3.077E+03 7.
CUM. X MASS < D50
.48 .90 .22 1.32 .99
1
2
174
24
35
44
COMPARISON
DIAM.
(MICRONS)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
.30
.63
1.00
1.25
2.50
6.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
NO.
RUNS
6
6
6
6
6
6
S
6
6
.99 1
.89 2
.75 3
:o°7 si
.81 16
.17 22
.28 30
.51 1.21
.39 2.41
.09 3.44
'si li'83
!94 23! 83
.66 30.05
.71 37.78
FOR 6 INLET RUNS BY
DM/DLOGD
(KG/DNCM)
7.99E+01
1.03E+02
3.39E+02
4.41E+02
1.12E+03
1.01E+03
1.51E+03
2.76E+03
3.70E+03
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT CUM Z
>Y
CUMULATIVE
MASS < 050
3.30E+01
6.33E+01
1.08E+02
1.46E+02
3.65E+02
7.35E+02
1.01E+03
1.35E+03
1.76E+03
MASS? ENTER
3
5
6
244
30
35
39
RTI
.20
.34
.35
:§§
.53
.52
.64
CUM. Z
AVG.
.74
1.53
2.61
3.39
8.38
16.19
21.55
28.12
35.70
Y OR N
STD
1
2
2
ii
17
23
31
MASS
. OEV
.40
.87
1.41
1.54
4^78
5.81
6.32
5.76
.51
.35
.84
:H
.68
.62
.67
<
•
D50
MIN
•
1.'
1.
12!
15.
21.
30.
1?SL76
6
11576
1135
075E+03
.55
.78
1.27
1.88
15I53
21.69
30.10
22
78
27
88
10
53
69
10
MAX.
1 .32
3.20
5.34
14 96
24*. 66
30.53
35.52
44.28
Figure 4. Comparing several runs (part 1 of 2).
-------
COMPARISON OF CUM. Z MASS FROM 6 RUNS AT STD. DIAM.
54
NEAR-
DO YC
>Y
INPUT POINTS. 0 HERE OUTSIDE LIMITS
\ " * * *
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
80.00 >
\
\
\
\
\
\
60.00 >
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
40.00 >
\
\
\
\
\
\
\ 1
\
20.00 >
\ 1
\
\ 1 1
\ 3
\
\ 1
\ 1 3
\ 1 I
\ 134
.00 > 6 521
-1.000 -.600 -.200 .200 .600
LOG10< DIAMETER)
A A A AAA A A
0.1 0.15 0.3 0.625 1.0 2.5 6.0
DIAMETER (MICRONS)
!Y POINTS MAY BE COMBINED
)U WISH TO REPEAT THE COMPARISON EXCLUDING SOME RUNS?
— « « \
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
i
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
<
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
1 \
I
1 \
1 \
2 \
\
113 \
\
\
1 \
1 2 \
1 <
\
2 \
1 \
\
\
\
\
\
1.000 1.400
A A A
10. 20.
ENTER Y OR N
Figure 4. Comparing several runs (part 2 of 2).
-------
W. M. Yeager and C. E. Tatsch are with Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Gary L. Johnson is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Paniculate Data Reduction System (PADRE) User
Guide," {Order No. PB 84-178 417; Cost: $8.50, subject to change) will be
available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
PS 0000329
U 5 tNVIR PROTECTION AGtNCY
KtblON 5 LIBRARY
£30 S UEARttURN i>TREtT
CHICAGO 1L 60604
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1964-759-102/951
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