United States Environmental Protection Agency Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 27711 Research and Development EPA/600/S9-86/031 May 1987 £EPA Project Summary Proceedings: Sixth Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control Technology Holly Rossi and Barbara Emmel The proceedings of the Sixth Sympo- sium on the Transfer and Utilization of Participate Control Technology consist of three volumes: Vol. 1, Plenary, Scrubbers, Opacity/Measurements, Advanced Energy Applications I, Ad- vanced Energy Applications II, Inte- grated Control Processes I, and Inte- grated Control Processes II; Vol. 2. Electrostatic Precipitator Technology: Hot-Size Precipitator Studies, Perfor- mance Enhancement I, Performance Enhancement II, Performance Esti- mating (Modeling), Advanced Tech- nology, Fundamentals I, Controls and Energy Consumption, Fundamentals II, and Design Considerations; and Vol. 3, Fabric Filtration (FF): Advanced Con- cepts I, FF: Advanced Concepts II, FF: Practical Considerations, FF: Pilot Scale Studies, Operation and Maintenance, and Fugitive Emissions. EPA and EPRI co-sponsored the symposium held in New Orleans, LA, February 25-28, 1986. This Project Summary was devel- oped by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park. NC. to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in three volumes of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back). Introduction The papers in these three volumes were presented at the symposium and provided the forum for researchers, manufacturers, users, government agen- cies, educators, and students to discuss new particulate control technologies and to share experiences of using existing technologies. The major particulate control technol- ogies — electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and fabric filters (FFs) — were the primary concern of the symposium. These tech- nologies were discussed from perspec- tives of economics, new technical advancements in science and engineer- ing, fundamentals, applications, and operation and maintenance. Additional topics dealt with integrated control pro- cesses, advanced energy applications, wet scrubbers, opacity, fugitive emissions, and novel concepts. The symposium was conducted as a series of parallel sessions, each con- taining two to six related papers. The sessions were scheduled, however, to avoid any conflict that might be caused by simultaneous sessions dealing with the same topic. The papers, therefore, have been divided into three volumes. Each volume contains a set of related session topics so as to provide reasonably ready access to a unified technology area. Asterisks precede the titles of papers prepared by EPA or its contractors. Volume 1 Papers Volume 1 describes various aspects of particulate control. The keynote address presented in the opening plenary session addressed the rapidly advancing partic- ulate matter control technology. Improved wet scrubber particulate control tech- nology, modeling of stack opacity and control of aerosols to meet opacity stan- dards, and application of technologies ------- such as ceramic filters, granular beds, high temperature electrostatic precipita- tors and a cross-flow filter to the control of high temperature and pressure pro- cesses in advanced energy systems were presented and discussed, integrated con- trol processes covered a variety of tech- nologies for control of paniculate and SOX and/or NOX such as spray dryers, the EPA developed E-SOX process, and firing of enhanced emulsified fuel oil. Plenary Session Keynote Address: Paniculate Matter Control - The Rapidly Advancing Technology Grady B. Nichols, Southern Research Institute Session C-1: Scrubbers Development of Improved Single Drop Collection Efficiency Correlations for Microcomputer Modeling of Venturi Scrubber Performance K. Ellwood, A. W. Gnyp, C. C. St. Pierre, University of Windsor; and S. Viswanathan, Clayton Environmental Consultants, Ltd. Fume Filtration Through a Dynamic Liquid Spray Curtain H. H. Elliott, H. L Marschall, D. G. Jones, EMCOTEK, Inc. Session C-2: Opacity/Measurements *0ptions for Controlling Condensation Aerosols to Meet Opacity Standards A. S. Damle, D. S. Ensor, Research Triangle Institute; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL 'Relationship of Opacity to the Loss Mechanisms in ESPs D. S. Ensor, P. A. Lawless, Research Triangle Institute; and L E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL Stack Opacity Model D. J. Mormile, G. C. Stegmann, Consolidated Edison Co. of N.Y.; and B. F. Piper, KVB, Inc. The Collection of Fine Paniculate in Power Plant Electrostatic Precipitators L T. McEvoy, K. R. Parker and A. Russell-Jones, Lodge-Cottrell, Ltd., UK Predicting the Panicle Size Distribution of Fly Ash R. S. Dahlin, J. P. Gooch, Southern Research Institute; and L Y. Sadler, III, University of Alabama •Quality Assurance Considerations for Particle Sizing Measurements G. L. Johnson, U.S. EPA/AEERL; and C. E. Tatsch, Research Triangle Institute Session C-3: Advanced Energy Applications I Technical and Economic Evaluation of High Temperature and High Pressure Paniculate Cleanup Systems R. Zaharchuk, L. N. Rubow, Gilbert Associates, Inc. Paniculate Control at High Temperature and Pressure for Emerging Electric Power Generation Technologies R. C. Bedick, R. J. Dellefield, U.S. DOE The Testing and Evaluation of Ceramic Filter Fabrics R. Chang, J. Sawyer, H. Lips, Acurex Corp. R. C. Bedick, R. J. Dellefield, U.S. DOE Hot Gas Clean-Up by Means of Porous Ceramic Filter Elements P. Eggerstedt, J. F. Zievers, Industrial Filter & Pump Manufacturing Co., Inc. Session C-4: Advanced Energy Applications II Results of Parameteric Tests on an Electrostatic Precipitator Operating at High Temperature and High Pressure Conditions G. A. Rinard, D. E. Rugg, M. Durham, J. Armstrong, Denver Research Institute Design of Baghouse and Electrostatic Precipitator for the Coal-Fired Flow Facility J. P. Foote, The University of Tennessee Space Institute Granular Bed Filter Component Design for High Temperature and High Pressure K. B. Wilson, Combustion Power Co. The Interaction of a Gas with Solid and Liquid Panicles in a Rotating System H. Heshmat, 0. Pinkus, Mechanical Technology, Inc. Session C-5: Integrated Control Processes I Paniculate Control Integration with Wet Scrubber S02 Removal and Waste Generation P. M. Maroney, S. A. Davidson, Brown and Caldwell Engineers; S. M. Katzberger, Sargent and Lundy Engineering; and J. E. Cichanowicz, EPRI "Kinetics of Reaction Between Hydratec Lime and Sulfur Dioxide A. S. Damle, K. Ramanathan, Research Triangle Institute; and D. L Harmon, U.S. EPA/AEERL *Mini-Spray Dryers for Low-Cost SO Control C. B. Sedman, L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL Electrostatic Precipitator Performano Characterization in Spray Dryer Flu Gas Desulfurization Systems G. E. Bresowar, Combustion Engineering, Inc.; and R. F. Robards, R. A. Runyan, TVA Fabric Filter Operating Experience on Dry FGD System at Austell Box Boat Corporation W. H. Bradley, Austell Box Board Corp. Session C-6: Integrated Control Processes II •Results of Pilot-Scale Tests of E-SO L E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, R. E. Valentine, N. Plaks, U. S. EPA/AEERL Researches for Optimal Integrated Fl Gas Treatment G. Dinelli, Italian National Electricity Board, Italy; and M. Rea, University of Padua, Italy Utility Case History on Firing Enhanc Emulsified Fuel Oil to Reduce P ticulate and NOX Emissions E. S. Behrens, Fuel Tech, Inc. Particulate Control Devices Municipal Refuse-to-Energy Plants M. Kapner, New York Power Authority Integrated Control Device for Micrc and Submicronic Paniculate and Ac Gas Control T. K. Ewan, O. L Holland, Hydro-Sonic Systems Volume 2 Papers Volume 2 describes various aspect electostatic precipitation. Papers v\ presented that describe design operating considerations to improve | formance of hot-side ESPs. Papers < lining improvements and experience ESP performance using S03, NH3, ws and tri-ethyl-amine (TEA) conditior high voltage pulsing, and microproce control are presented. Papers are sented that describe performance > mating (modeling) by predicting fly resistivity from ultimate coal anal ------- selection of critical parameters for ESP design and performance evaluation, pre- diction of ESP performance based on coal and ash chemistry, and a method to calculate characteristics of contaminated wire and strip discharge electrodes. Ad- vanced ESP technologies including wide- plate spacing, intermittent energization, and a moving electrode type ESP are discussed. Theoretical and experimental presentations were made covering medium-sulfur coal fly ash resistivity, the effect of high mass loading, the effective dielectric constant of fly ash, diagnostic technology of ESP operation, electric field measurements in an operating ESP, finite-diffusivity effects in single-stage ESPs, three-dimensional calculations of negative tuft corona, simulation of corona discharge under practical ESP conditions, and electrical characteristics of back corona. Papers are presented on mea- surement of ESP power, management of ESP energy, evaluation of tests and the economic implications of power reduction on ESPs, and application of a new micro- processor-based distribution control system for ESPs. Various design con- siderations (e.g., laboratory measurement of electrical parameters in conventional and wide duct ESPs, influence of gas distribution on ESP performance, devel- opment and testing of a collecting curtain for an ESP, and characterization of dis- charge electrode performance) were discussed. Session A-1: Hot Side Precipitator Studies Hot Precipitators and Duct Design Considerations J. A. Werhane, W. G. Doran, 0. Zaben, Sargent and Lundy Engineers Considerations for the Cyclic Operation of Hot-Side Electrostatic Precipitators F. C. Southworth, R. K. Miller, Dayton Power & Light Co.; and C. A. Altin, EBASCO Services, Inc. Session A-2: Performance Enhancement I A Comparison of Electrostatic Precipi- tate r Performance Enhancement Tech- nologies J. Dalmon, G. L Dalton, R. S. Hansen, Electric Supply Commission, South Africa Baltimore Gas and Electric Experience with Combined SO3/NH3 Injection for Precipitator Performance Improvement W. E. Cummings, Jr., Wahlco, Inc.; and W. H. Reamy, Baltimore Gas and Electric Co. A Design Methodology for Optimized Water Conditioning of High Resistivity Fly Ash N. W. Frisch, N. W. Frisch Associates, Jnc.; and W..T. Hartshorn, Sonic Development Corp. A New Chemical Conditioner Together with Good Operations and Maintenance Program Management Helps Meet Emissions Objectives R. K. Sinha, Calgon Corp. Session A-3: Performance Enhancement II Evaluation of Broad and Narrow Pulse Energization of a Cold-Side Electrostatic Precipitator H. R. Osmers, D. J. Sugumele, Rochester Gas & Electric Corp. Full Scale Demonstration Results of Electrostatic Precipitator Pulse Ener- gization T. W. Lugar, J. M. Friday, General Electric Environmental Services, Inc. Field Evaluation of Pulse Energization Under Different Operating Conditions S. Masuda and S. Hosokawa, University of Tokyo, Japan Long-Term Experience with Pulsed Energization of ESPs at a Danish Power Station K. Porle, R. Karlsson, FLAKT Industri AB, Sweden; and B. Kirkegaard, Ensted Power Station, Denmark Session A-4: Performance Estimating (Modeling) *An Improved Model for Predicting Fly Ash Resistivity R. E. Bickelhaupt, Bickelhaupt Associates, Inc.; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL A Selected Review of Critical Param- eters and Formulae for Design and Performance Evaluation of Electrostatic Precipitators H. J. Hall, H. J. Hall Associates, Inc. Predicting Cold-Side Precipitator Per- formance Based Upon Coal and Ash Chemistry F. A. Horney, V. H. Belba, Stearns Catalytic Corp. 'Approximate Method to Calculate Characteristics of Contaminated-Wire and Strip-Discharge Electrodes K. J. McLean, University of Wollongong, Australia; and L. E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, U.S. EPA/AEERL Session A-S: Advanced Technology Pilot-Scale Evaluation of ESP Wide- Plate Spacing R. F. Altman, EPRI; E. C. Landham, Jr., J. L DuBard, Southern Research Institute; and H. L. Wheeler, Combustion Engineering, Inc. Pilot-Scale Evaluation of ESP Inter- mittent Energization E. C. Landham, Jr., J. L. DuBard, Southern Research Institute; and W. E. Piulle, L. F. Rettenmaier, EPRI Operating Results of Moving Electrode Type Electrostatic Precipitators for Coal-Fired Boilers H. Asano, H. Yabuto, M. Ohtsuka, Hitachi Plant Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., Japan Session A-6: Fundamentals I *Medium-Sulfur Coal and Fly Ash Resistivity W. A. Harrison, J. K. Nicholson, Southern Company Services; J. L. DuBard, Southern Research Institute; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL *The Effect of High Mass Loading on Fly Ash Precipitators M. G. Faulkner, J. L DuBard, Southern Research Institute; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL •The Effective Dielectric Constant of Fly Ash R. P. Young, J. L. DuBard, Southern Research Institute; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL Diagnostic Technology of Precipitator Operation S. Masuda, T. Itagaki, S. Hosokawa, University of Tokyo, Japan Session 8-6: Controls and Energy Consumption Electrostatic Precipitator Power Measurements P. Gelfand, P. Gelfand Associates, Inc.; E. C. Landham, Jr., Southern Research Institute; and L. F. Rettenmaier, EPRI ------- ESP Energy Management and Opti- mization of Collection Efficiency B. Borowy, M. McLauchlin, W. F. Frazier, Virginia Electric Power Co. The Evaluation of Tests and the Eco- nomic Implications of Power Reduction on Electrostatic Precipitators D. L Lueckenotte, V. L Kunzweiler, Burns and McDonnell First Utility Application of a New Micro- processor-Based Distributed Control System for Electrostatic Precipitators G. R. Gawreluk, M. Barav, Research Cottrell, Inc.; and S. R. Coco, Lutz, Daily, and Brain Power Consumption of Opacity Feed- back Controlled Electrostatic Precipi- tator Transformer-Rectifiers J. J. Roosma, General Electric Environmental Services, Inc.; and J. B. Howard, Alabama Electric Cooperative, Inc. Session A-7: Fundamentals II Electric Field Measurements in an Operating Precipitator J. L. DuBard, E. C. Landham, Jr., Southern Research Institute; and R. F. Altman, EPRI Finite-Diffusivity Effects in Single-Stage Precipitators Theory and Experiment S. A. Self, M. Mitchner, D. H. Choi, K. D. Kihm, R. Leach, Stanford University "Three-Dimensional Calculations of Negative Tuft Corona M. K. Owen, T. Yamamoto, P. A. Lawless, Research Triangle Institute; and L. E. Sparks, U.S. EPA/AEERL The Simulation of Corona Discharges Under Practical Precipitator Conditions I. Gallimberti, University of Padua, Italy *Some Electrical Characteristics of Back Corona K. J. McLean, University of Wollongong, Australia; and L. E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, U.S. EPA/AEERL Session B-7: Design Considerations Laboratory Measurements of Some Electrical Parameters in Conventional and Wide Duct Precipitators A. A. Elmoursi, G. S. P. Castle, The University of Western Ontario, Canada Influence of Gas Distribution on Precipitator Performance L. Lind, F. L. Schmidth and Co., Denmark Development and Testing of a Collecting Curtain for an Electrostatic Precipitator H. L. Engelbrecht, R. J. McMullan, Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control Characterization of Discharge Electrode Performance: Results of Laboratory and Pilot Plant Experiments L. A. Hawkins, H. L. Wheeler, Combustion Engineering, Inc. Volume 3 Papers Volume 3 describes various aspects of fabric filtration, operation and mainten- ance (O&M), and fugitive emission con- trol. Advanced fabric filtration concepts were covered in two sessions that dealt with electrostatically stimulated fabric filtration (ESFF) fundamentals, modeling, laboratory and field evaluations, and economics. Practical considerations of fabric filtration were covered in a session that dealt with evaluation of acid-resistant synthetic needled felt, laboratory studies of the filtration performance of various media under simulated field conditions, filter bag evaluation, and aerosol deposi- tion in fabric filters. Papers are presented that discuss pilot scale studies to evaluate fabric filter performance on high-sulfur coal-fired power plants and flue gas cleaning to improve fabric filter perfor- mance. A session on O&M included papers on fabric filters and ESPs, which provided insights into O&M problems and methods used to eliminate the problems. A session on fugitive emission controls covered review of an EPA manual on identification, assessment, and control of fugitive particulate emissions, and an EPA manual on hood capture systems. Papers are also presented on field evaluation of windscreens and measurement of fugitive emissions in a coal-fired power plant. Session B-1: FF: Advanced Concepts I •Distribution of Fly Ash in a Filter Bag Operating with a Charged Axial Electrode G.E.R. Lamb, K. T. Duffy, Textile Research Institute *Study of Electrostatically Stimulated Filtration Fundamentals D. W. VanOsdell, A. S. Viner, K. D. Carter, Research Triangle Institute; and L. S. Hovis, U.S. EPA/AEERL Session B-2: FF: Advanced Concepts II •Mathematical Model for Advanced Electrically Stimulated Fabric Filtration T. Yamamoto D. S. Ensor, Research Triangle Institute; and R. B. Mosley, L. S. Hovis, N. Plaks, U.S. EPA/AEERL 'Advanced ESFF Laboratory Test Results R. B. Mosley, L. S. Hovis, B. E. Daniel, U.S. EPA/AEERL •Advanced ESFF Applied to a Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler G. P. Greiner, ETS, Inc.; A. S. Viner, Research Triangle Institute; L. S. Hovis, U.S. EPA/AEERL; and R. Gibbs, U.S. Dept. of the Navy •Advanced Electrostatic Fabric Filtratior Experience at Southwestern Public Service Company R. Serrurier, Southwestern Public Service Co. •Economics of Advanced Electrostatii Stimulation of Fabric Filtration L S. Hovis, U.S. EPA/AEERL; and A. S. Viner, Research Triangle Institute Session B-3: FF: Practical Considerations Evaluation of Acid-Resistant Synthet Needled Felt Filter Media in Coal-Fire Boiler Pulse-Jet Baghouses W. T. Grubb, W. W. Criswell Co. Laboratory Studies of the Filtratic Performance of Various Filter Med under Simulated Field Conditions P. E. Frankenburg, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. Evaluation of a Specific Type of Fill Bag Supplied by Various Vendors Y. J. Chen, P. N. Roberts, T. D. Tarn< Joy Manufacturing Co. Catenary Analysis of a Fabric Filter B During Reverse-Gas Cleaning E. A. Samuel, General Electric Environmental Services, Inc.; and J. G. Musgrove, Bechtel Power Corp. •Aerosol Deposition in Fabric Filters D. S. Ensor, T. Yamamoto, A. S. Vir Research Triangle Institute Session B-4: FF: Pilot Scale Studies Performance of a High-Sulfur-C Pilot-Scale Fabric Filter 4 ------- R. F. Heaphy, R. R. Wilson, Southern Research Institute; and W. E. Piulle, EPRI Flue Gas Conditioning for Improved Baghouse Performance D. L. Laudal, S. J. Miller, University of North Dakota Session B-5: Operation and Maintenance "Operation and Maintenance Experi- ence at Harrington Station W. Hooks, O. Plunk, Southwestern Public Service Co.; and D. L Harmon, U.S. EPA/AEERL "Computer Monitoring of Pilot Plant Baghouse Performance A. S. Vmer, L. M. Fickel, Research Triangle Institute, and L. S. Hovis, U.S EPA/AEERL The Design of Repairs to Upgrade 10-Year Old Industrial Precipitators V. L. Kunzweiler, J. B Landwehr, Burns & McDonnell Performance Improvement History of Inadequately Performing Precipitators J G. Musgrove, W. R. Lane, Bechtel Power Corp., and M. W. Wei, Aluminum Company of America Performance Improvement and Fire Prevention in Fly Ash Collection System at a 500 MW Wood-Fired Power Plant E. Gal, M. Murphy, General Electric Environmental Services, Inc Session C-7: Fugitive Emissions 'Identification, Assessment, and Con- trol of Fugitive Paniculate Emissions C. Cowherd, Jr., J. S. Kmsey, Midwest Research Institute, and D. L. Harmon, U S. EPA/AEERL "Process Fugitive Particulates — Design Methods for Enclosures H D. Goodfellow, T. Cesta, Hatch Associates, Ltd , Canada; E. R. Kashdan, D. W. Coy, J J. Spivey, Research Triangle Institute; and D. L Harmon, U.S EPA/AEERL "Field Evaluation of Windscreens as a Fugitive Dust Control Measure for Materials Storage Piles R. A. Zimmer, K. Axetell, Jr., T. C. Ponder, Jr., PEI Associates, Inc. Measurement of Fugitive Emissions in a Coal-Fired Power Plant G. E. Muleski, F J Pendleton, Midwest Research Institute; and W. A. Rugenstem, The Detroit Edison Co. Barbara Emmel is with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Dale L. Harmon is the EPA Project Officer (see below). The complete report consists of three volumes, entitled "Proceedings: Sixth Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control Technology." (Set Order No. PB 87-147 609/AS; Cost: $99.50) "Volume 1," (Order No. PB 87-147 617/AS; Cost: $36.95) "Volume 2," (Order No. PB 87-147 625/AS; Cost: $42.95) "Volume 3,"(Order No. PB87-147 633/AS; Cost: $36.95) The above reports will be available only from: (costs subject to change) National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA22161 Telephone: 703-487-4650 The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at: Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 ------- United Stales Environmental Prelection Agency Center for Environmental Research Information Cincinnati OH 45268 Official Business Penalty for Private Use S300 EPA/600/S9-86/031 OC003Z9 PS U S ENVIR PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 5 LIBRARY 230 S DEARBORN STREET CHICAGO IL 60604 ------- |