United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati OH 45268
Research and Development
EPA-600/S2-81-015 Apr. 1981
Project Summary
Chemical Analysis of Particle
Size Fractions from Glass
Melting Furnaces
E. D. Spinoza and R. A. Holman
The capture efficiency of various
control devices has been determined
to be related to size distribution of the
particulate in the emissions stream.
Since some control systems have
been shown to be less efficient for
capturing fine particulates the deter-
mination of the probable metallic
particulate specie that may escape
capture is significant. The objective of
this project report is to provide a
quantitative analyses of the metallic
species from glass furnaces in each
size fraction. The quantitative infor-
mation is determined as a function of
particle size distribution of the emitted
particulate matter. An estimate of the
probability that a specific metallic
species will pass through the collection
device can be made.
This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Industrial Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
OH, to announce key findings of the
research project that is fully docu-
mented in a separate report of the
same title (see Project Report ordering
information at back).
Introduction
In 1979 a research program was
conducted which involved the charac-
terization of emissions from glass melt:
ing furnaces. The title of that program
and subsequent report is "Summary
Report on Emissions from the Glass
Manufacturing Industry," EPA Report
No. 600/2-79-101, April 1979. Although
particle size analyses were made on the
emissions, chemical analyses of the
size fractions were not conducted. The
samples, however, were preserved for
later analyses. This report is a summary
of those analyses.
The emissions of fine particulate
matter from glass melting furnaces may
pose an environmental problem if they
contain toxic substances. The problem
may be even greater if the potentially
toxic substances are in the respirable
range (i.e., 3 //m). The emissions from
typical glass furnaces have been shown
to be generally in the respirable range;
thus, it is important that the prevalent
toxic elements in this respirable range
be identified.
The program to collect the data for
this report involved the testing of 1 3
different furnaces from which mass
emissions and particle size fractions
were determined. The most prevalent
species of metal from furnaces melting
glasses are Na, Ca, Se, Cr, and Pb. Other
less prevalent species include As, Sb,
and Sn.
Research Approach
The Andersen cascade impactor was
used to collect the particle size fraction
samples. OES was then used to deter-
mine the prevalent metallic species
present in each size fraction. With these
qualitative results a uniform series of
AAS analyses were defined for each
stage of the impactors with emphasis
placed on the prevalent potentially toxic
metal species. These analyses provided
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Table 1.
Stage
0
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Table 2.
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Distribution
Particle size
fjm
7.5 -15.4
5.0 -12.0
3.5 - 8.O
2.2 - 5.5
7.73- 3.5
0.68- 7.7
0.55- 7.7
0.36- 0.75
<{0.36- 0.75)
Distribution
Particle size
um
7.5 -15.4
5.0 -12.0
3.5 - 8.0
2.2 - 5.5
1.13- 3.5
0.68- 1.7
0.55- 1.1
0.36- 0.75
<(0.36- 0.75)
of Ca from Soda-lime
Furnaces
Weight percent
A
10.83
10.67
9.87
10.35
11.94
11.78
10.03
11.94
12.58
D
0.29
24.02
0.31
37.86
0.44
32.12
0.57
4.07
0.31
E
12.14
13.09
12.20
12.62
13.68
12.18
8.91
12.18
2.99
of Na from Soda-lime
H
2.33
23.04
2.92
78.28
2.97
25.47
3.69
79.07
2.28
1
9.47
10.42
9.85
9.28
10.80
14.20
13.07
12.31
10.61
J
11.06
10.32
12.09
11.50
12.09
11.80
11.80
10.91
8.41
L
11.61
9.16
11.61
9.29
13.11
13.25
11.75
9.97
10.25
M
14.10
9.35
9.64
11.80
9.78
14.82
10.94
10.94
8.63
Furnaces
Weight percent
A
8.96
8.78
8.26
8.70
9.04
10.61
14.43
17.57
13.65
D
8.80
1.71
9.21
2.18
10.03
7.44
35.13
13.98
11.53
E
6.57
13.13
6.31
6.57
7.58
9.60
29.04
12.88
8.33
H
7.89
.97
8.85
1.25
10.06
10.46
38.23
11.99
10.30
1
11.50
10.08
9.38
8.60
8.96
8.39
13.40
13.61
16.08
J
11.91
10.97
11.60
10.66
11.18
13.27
9.93
77.39
9.09
L
9.37
8.29
70.72
9.04
70.45
70.67
75.42
73.85
72.85
M
10.49
9.50
9.17
9.99
9.91
14.78
13.87
11.48
10.82
quantitative data relating the concen-
tration of the metal species to the
particle size fraction. The data was then
compiled and reported in weight percent
and graphed in cumulative weight
percent.
The results of the particle size fraction
analyses from soda-lime furnaces are
given in Tables 1 to 5. The results
indicate that the concentration of the
identified heavy metals are generally
equally distributed throughout the size
fractions.
In lead glass furnace emissions, the
results indicated that Na and Ca are
uniformly distributed throughout the
size fractions. The potentially toxic
metals Pb, As, Sb and Cr, were found to
be concentrated in the lower size frac-
tions. Table 6 indicates that a signifi-
cantly large percentage of their total
emissions weight is in the submicron
range.
Conclusion
The particle size distribution of the
non toxic metallic species observed in
glass furnace emissions parallel the
Table 3. Distribution of Se from Soda-lime Furnaces
Particle size
Weight percent
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Table 4.
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Um
7.5 -75.4
5.0 -72.0
3.5 - 8.0
2.2 - 5.5
1.13- 3.5
0.68- 1.7
0.55- 1.1
0.36- 0.75
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Table 5. Distribution of Cr from Soda-lime Furnaces
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Particle size
fjm
7.5 -
5.0 -
3.5 -
2.2 -
1.13-
0.68-
0.55-
0.36-
<(0,36-
15.4
12.0
8.0
5.5
3.5
1.7
1.1
0.75
0.75)
Weight percent
A
2.36
0.98
—
2.36
—
73.75
—
80.55
D
5.55
2.17
—
2.57
—
45.49
—
40.97
E
11.15
12.10
—
13.06
—
35.03
—
28.66
H
2.68
2.68
—
12.75
—
73.83
—
5.05
/
—
4.44
4.44
—
4.44
—
55.56
—
31.11
J
73.02
79.53
—
22.74
—
33.55
—
77.46
L
—
4.43
5.53
—
6.99
—
57.25
—
37.47
M
—
6.92
7.69
—
73.55
—
36.92
—
34.62
Table 6. Distribution of Elements from an Electronic (Lead) Glass Furnace
Particle size
Stage fjm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20.1
12.6
8.5
5.9
4.4
1.88
1.16
.79
.79
Weight percent
Na
10.34
10.03
11.11
9.93
10.62
10.62
10.42
10.42
16.52
Ca
8.52
11.93
7.98
10.49
13.18
14.26
9.60
10.49
13.54
Sb
0.51
—
0.60
—
0.83
—
1.76
—
96.30
Pb
1.13
0.98
1.49
1.58
1.53
7.28
7.80
11.98
66.23
Cr
2.28
—
2.66
—
3.61
—
23.53
—
67.93
As
1.28
—
1.64
—
2.74
—
17.42
—
76.92
E. D. Spinoza and R. A. Holman are with Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, OH
43201.
C. H. Darvin is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Chemical Analysis of Particle Size Fractions from
Glass Melting Furnaces," (Order No. PB 81-160 889; Cost: $6.50, subject to
change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
US. GOVERNMENT HUNTING OFFICE: 1W1 757-012/706Z
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Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
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