United States
                   Environmental Protection
                   Agency
Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
                   Research and Development
 EPA/600/S2-89/002  Feb. 1990
&ERA          Project Summary
                   Test Report for  the  Trial  Burn of
                   Dionseb  in  a  Pilot-Scale
                   Incinerator

                   Mitchell Wool, Frank Villa, Howard Mason, and Donald Oberacker
                    This Project Summary synopsizes a
                   brief  (16 page) final report on the
                   incineration behavior of a cancelled
                   pesticide, dinoseb. Dlnoseb exists as
                   a large  volume (2 to 4 mil  gal) of
                   Resource Conservation and Recovery
                   Act (RCRA) waste,  type  P-020.  The
                   pesticide was cancelled  in recent
                   years because the U.S. Environmental
                   Protection Agency (EPA) determined
                   its  continued use  in  agriculture
                   represented  an imminent  health
                   hazard in terms of its cancer-causing
                   properties as  well as its effects on
                   human reproductivlty. The EPA, in its
                   process of finding disposal methods
                   for this waste, determined that
                   incineration would be the optimum
                   technology except for concerns over
                   the potential  nitrogen oxide (NOX)
                   emissions  that  may  result.
                   Consequently,  before  proceeding
                   with full-scale  incineration  of  all
                   inventories, EPA conducted  a brief
                   trial  burn  of a sample dinoseb
                   mixture  to quantify NOX  levels  and
                   also to  ascertain that  acceptable
                   levels  could  be achieved  for
                   destruction and removal efficiency
                   (ORE), paniculate emissions,  and
                   other combustion behavior.
                    The trial burn demonstrated that,
                   indeed,  incineration would be  an
                   effective, safe, and satisfactory
                   method  for disposal. Based  on the
                   tests described  herein,  and
                   subsequent full-scale demonstration
                   testing,  EPA  then proceeded with
contract disposal of dinoseb by the
commercial incineration industry.
  This  Project  Summary  was
developed  by EPA's Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati,
OH, to announce key findings of the
research  project that  Is  fully
documented in  a separate report of
the same  title  (see Project Report
ordering Information at back).
Introduction
As part of a program by the EPA Office
of Research and Development (ORD) to
determine which  technically viable
disposal option is appropriate,  the
Environmental Systems  Division  of
Acurex Corporation conducted pilot-scale
test burns of  a mixture of dinoseb
products at the John Zink  Company
Research Incineration  Facility in  Tulsa,
Oklahoma. The mixture represented the
dinoseb  products that were to be
destroyed. The rationale for  doing the
pilot-scale test  was  that specific
performance  data were needed  to
address, with confidence, any public or
permitting questions that might arise in
authorizing  the  full-scale disposal
operation.
 The  sampling and analysis methods
were configured to  characterize influent
and effluent streams and to quantify the
incinerator operating  conditions. The
specific objectives of the test burns were:

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• Confirm that ORE of dinoseb is better
  than  99.99%  at  typical  waste
  incinerator operating conditions,

• Determine the portion of nitrogen in the
  dinoseb mixture converted  to  NOX in
  the combustion products,

• Determine the particulate emission
  characteristics of the dinoseb mixture,
  and

• Survey the  combustion products for
  hazardous semi-volatile  or  volatile
  products of incomplete combustion.

Pilot-scale incineration testing was also
needed  so  that interested parties could
assess  and project  basic incineration
parameters  associated with  destroying
the dinoseb products.
  The test  burn plan was completed in
December  1987,   and  the Quality
Assurance Project Plan was approved in
February 1988.  The test burns were
successfully  performed  between
February 18 and February 26,1988.

Facility Description
  Tests were performed in a conventional
2 mil Btu/hr liquid injection incinerator at
the John  Zink  Company  Research
Facility. The system consisted of  a
horizontal combustion chamber followed
by two vertical, water-quenched transfer
sections  and  assorted  ducting  to
downstream pollution control equipment.

Feed Materials Characteristics
  The nominal dinoseb mixture fed to the
incinerator  consisted of  82% Dyanap,
16% Dynamyte 3, and 1.6% Dynamyte 5.
The Dyanap contains about 12% dinoseb
salts. The Dynamyte 3 and 5  consists of
51% and 54% dinoseb, respectively. All
of the dinoseb products were delivered to
John Zink's facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in
30-gal containers.

  According to the manufacturer, Dyanap
is a  mixture of dinoseb,  dinoseb  salt,  a
herbicide  called  naptalam,  other
constituents, and water. The common
name of Naptalam is sodium alanap or N-
1-naphthylphthalemic  acid. It represents
about 22%  of the Dyanap. The Dyanap
mixture is  a dark  red  liquid  with  a
phenolic odor and a specific gravity close
to water.  Dyanap  material  tends,
however, to become very  viscous and
solidify below 10°C.  The other dinoseb
 formulations,  Dynamyte  3 and  5 from
Drexel,  are  very  stable  even  at
temperatures below 10°C.
  For the test burns, the  waste  mixture
was  prepared by  blending  the three
dinoseb products (Dyanap, Dynamyte 3,
Dynamyte 5) into an agitated mix tank in
a 5:1:0.1 volumetric ratio to  produce  a
waste with  a dinoseb or dinoseb  salt
composition of 16% to 20% by weight. A
sample of this mixture was  prepared in
the laboratory and  kept at ambient
temperature of about 20 °C.
  The  sample remained  homogeneous
with no visible signs of immiscibility over
a period of more than a month. As long
as the mixture is above 20°C, it seems to
be easily pumped, agitated, and injected
into  the incinerator. During  testing,
ambient temperature was below freezing,
so the mixture needed to be heated to
remain pumpable.

Operating Conditions
  The primary operating parameters for
the test burns were the  incinerator  exit
temperature and  the dinoseb mixture
feedrate. Flue gas was  sampled both
before and after the particulate scrubber
pollution control device at the ports.
  The incinerator was fired primarily on
natural gas with relatively  small amounts
of heating  provided by  the dinoseb
mixture. Estimated  heating value  of the
mixture is 2,485 cal/gm (4,473 Btu/lb).

Sampling and Analysis Methods
  Sampling and analysis were conducted
in accordance with an EPA Category  II
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).
Methods generally followed those given
in Tesf Methods  for Evaluating Solid
Waste (SW-846, Third Edition, November
1986). Specific deviations were needed in
some cases and are documented in the
QAPP.

Dinoseb Destruction  and
Removal Efficiency
  The ORE of the dinoseb mixture in the
John  Zink  incinerator  system was
evaluated  by conducting standard
Modified Method 5  (MM5) sampling at
the flue gas ducts (Method 0010 of SW-
846).  Analyses generally followed  the
protocol,  although,  during  method
validation  activities, the  extraction
process was  changed to use  acetone
rather than methylene chloride.  In  the
validation  work,  dinoseb  recovery
exceeded 70%.
Results
  No dinoseb was detected in any c
flue  gas samples. In all  cases,
dinoseb DRE exceeded (was  better
99.999%.


NOX Production
The  feed  mixture contained  3.1  w
percent nitrogen on  a dry  basis.
nitrogen comes from the dine
dinoseb    salt,  Naptalam,
diethanolamine.
  The NOX concentrations in the flu
were analyzed  continuously  usinc
nondispersive infrared analyzers:
detected  only  NO  and  the  se
detected  total  NOX.  In general
differences in readings were smalle
the uncertainty in measurement.
  Various levels  of NOX were mee
during  incineration; these are pres
in  detail according to location  i
incinerator and test conditions in th
report.  The values, however, rangei
150 to  as high as 1011 parts per
(ppm) in the combustion gases or
exhaust stack,  as corrected  t
oxygen  levels. Values  of NOX me;
without any dinoseb flowing,
resulted simply from  firing  natur.
alone with combustion air,  ranged
150 ppm.


Other Results
  Particulate measurements showi
with a common design  of a wet sc
although dinoseb produces a rel
heavy  loading of nearly 700 mil
per dry standard cubic meter  (mg
the stack gas loading after scrubbi
controlled to  less than  35  mg
which   was  well  under the
performance standard of 180 mg/d
  Products  of  incomplete corn!
(PICs) were sampled and analyzec
the PICs detected, however,  neit
volatile  or the semi-volatile type
found to be of any unusual type o
level of concern in the stack gas.


Conclusion
  Incineration proved  an effectiv
and satisfactory method for disp
the cancelled pesticide dinoseb.
  The  full  report was  submi
fulfillment of Contract No. 68-03-
Acurex  Corporation  und
sponsorship of the U.S.  Enviro
Protection Agency.

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Mitchell  Wood, Frank Villa,  and Howard Mason are with Acurex Corporation,
  Mountain  View,  CA  94039; and Donald Oberacker (also  the  EPA  Project
  Officer, see below),  is with the Risk  Reduction Engineering  Laboratory,
  Cincinnati, OH 45268.
The complete report, entitled "Test Report for the  Trial Burn of Dionseb in a
  Pilot-Scale Incinerator," (Order No.  PB 89-198 7901 AS; Cost: $13.95,  subject
  to change) will be available  only from:
         National Technical Information Service
         5285 Port Royal Road
         Springfield, VA 22161
         Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
         Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         Cincinnati, OH 45268
   United States
   Environmental Protection
   Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
   Official Business
   Penalty for Private Use $300
US. OFFICIAL Mi AIL'
        •U.S.POSUGE i

         * 0 1 5  =
   EPA/600/S2-89/002
                     MOtECMO.

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