United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas. NV 89193-3478
Research and Development
EPA/600/S4-88/008 August 1988
£EPA Project Summary
Florida Hazardous Waste and
Sanitary Landfill Report
R.C. Herndon and J.E. Moerlins
The purpose of this report is to
provide data to the U.S. EPA on the
use of sanitary landfills (Subtitle D
facilities) for hazardous waste
disposal in Florida by small quantity
generators. The report contains data
on all of the 67 counties in the State
of Florida. The report consists of
eleven parts including a part called
Study Area Data which contains the
data aggregated across the counties
covered in the report, and ten parts
containing data at the individual
county level for these 67 counties.
Each county is described in terms of
location, economic profile, and
demographic characteristics. In ad-
dition, information is provided on
permitted sanitary landfills that are
currently active in Florida. Counties
in Florida vary considerably in terms
of geographic size and location,
population level and growth, econ-
omic profile, hydrogeological condi-
tions, and waste management facil-
ities. As a result, the data may be
quite different from one county to the
next. This report contains survey
data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside
in 514 industries identified by four-
digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tion codes. The waste generation
data are from small quantity
generators as defined in 40 CFR Part
260.10. The hazardous waste data are
cross-tabulated and displayed in
the following seven configurations:
types of waste generated (26 types);
management methods used (14
methods); types of wastes disposed
in sanitary landfills; SIC generating
waste; types of waste generated by
SIC; management methods used by
SIC; and waste types by SIC by
management method. The last
cross-tabulation consists of 14 sub
cross-tabulations, i.e., one for each
management method. There are
identical sets of cross-tabulations
for the aggregated data and for each
of the individual county data (i.e.,
each county has a set of 7 cross-
tabulated tables).
This Project Summary was
developed by EPA's Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las
Vegas, NV, to announce key findings
of the research project that is fully
documented In 11 volumes (see
Protect Report ordering information at
back).
Introduction
The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
require the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to complete a study of the
Subtitle D programs in the states and to
submit a report to Congress within 36
months of enactment of the HSWA. This
report is to evaluate Subtitle 0 criteria
regarding protection of public health and
the environment from ground-water
contamination. It will include a detailed
assessment of the ground-water moni-
toring programs at Subtitle 0 facilities
and a recommendation to Congress
concerning the enforcement authorities
needed to implement the program.
After completion of the report to
Congress, the EPA is to revise, where
necessary, the criteria for facilities that
receive household and small quantity
generator hazardous waste. These
revisions to the Subtitle D criteria are to
include all steps necessary to protect
human health and the environment. The
amendments specify that, at a minimum,
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the revisions should require ground-
water monitoring (to detect contam-
ination) at these facilities. Data on the
types and quantities of hazardous waste
that typically enter Subtitle D facilities
are important in order to design
monitoring systems to detect contam-
ination. The 1984 RCRA amendments
also require the States to adopt and to
implement permitting programs that are
to be approved by the EPA or that are
equivalent or similar to the federal
program as defined by current or revised
criteria.
An important component in assessing
ground-water monitoring programs at
Subtitle D facilities involves the
acquisition of data on the composition of
wastes managed at these facilities. The
purpose of this study is to provide the
EPA with data on potentially hazardous
waste generated and managed by small
quantity generators in Florida, as well as
with information on sanitary landfills in
Florida that are accepting these wastes.
The data contained in this report were
acquired from approximately 19,000
firms and agencies located in the State
of Florida. The methodology used to
survey these firms and agencies was
developed to allow respondents to
identify RCRA-regulated hazardous
wastes that they generate. The data
contained in this report reflect the wastes
produced and managed by small
quantity hazardous waste generators as
defined in 40 CFR Part 260.10 The
sanitary landfills described in the study
are those that reside in the State of
Florida and that are used for disposal of
these wastes.
The study contains data on 514
classifications (i.e., industries) of small
quantity generators, including firms
engaged in agriculture, forestry, con-
struction, manufacturing, transportation
and utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade,
services, and educational services.
Generator industries are defined by the
SIC codes. These data link the types and
quantities of potentially hazardous waste
that are produced and managed to those
industries generating the waste.
The report consists of eleven parts:
one part called Study Area Data contains
the data aggregated across all of the 67
counties in the State of Florida; the
individual county level data are pre-
sented in the other ten parts, called
County Data. The hazardous waste
tables included in the report are the
following:
• Types and Amounts of Hazardous
Waste Generated Annually;
• Hazardous Waste Management
Practices;
• Hazardous Waste Disposed in
Sanitary Landfills Annually;
• Hazardous Waste Generated by SIC
Code;
• Hazardous Waste Types Generated
by SIC Code;
• Hazardous Waste Management
Methods Used by SIC Code; and
• Hazardous Waste Types Generated
by SIC Code by Management Method.
The waste generation and manage-
ment data consist primarily of responses
from small quantity hazardous waste
generators. However, some of the county
data are not separated by large quantity
generator data and by small quantity
generator data. Overall, the portion of
large quantity generator waste in these
data is not significant.
In addition, the report contains
information, obtained from the facility
permits, on sanitary landfills that are
receiving potentially hazardous wastes.
This information is summarized and
displayed in tabular form and is
constructed from a list of twenty-one
characteristics, as follows:
• Class of Landfill
• Responsible Authority
• Design Capacity
• Population Served
• Disposal Method
• Waste Types
Accepted
• Land Owner
• Disposal Acreage
• Waste per Day
Accepted
• Total Acreage
• Landfill Type
• Years in Operation
• Gas Control Used
• Cell Depth
• Depth to the Water
Table
• Soil Permeability
• Liner Material
• Number of Monitoring
Wells
• Approved GW
Monitoring Plan
• Adjacent Land Use
• Number of Surface
Monitoring Points
The part of this report entitled Study
Area Data contains information
concerning the number of sanitary
landfills in each county, the classes of
sanitary landfills in each county, and
average values for selected landfill
characteristics. The data presented in
this report are only for sanitary landfills
that are in use (i.e., permit status: active).
Methodology
The data in the report were collected
at the county level under a statewide
hazardous waste assessment program'
The data are presented in tabular form by
amount, waste type, management
method, and SIC code. Some defi-
ciencies exist in the data, and are made
explicit in the text of the report; however,
they do not significantly affect the
conclusions contained in the report.
Waste amounts are in units of pounds
for the County Data (Parts I - X) and in
units of short tons for the aggregated
Study Area Data (Part XI). There are 26
waste types, 14 waste management
methods, and 514 four-digit Standard
Industrial Classifications used in the
report.
In each of the parts entitled County
Data, there is one table for each active
sanitary landfill in each county. These
tables contain information which has
been extracted from the facility permits
on the 21 characteristics for each
sanitary landfill.
The study area shown in Figure 1
consists of all of the 67 counties in the
State of Florida. Florida counties consisl
of various combinations of highly
populated areas, urban areas, rural areas
coastal and non-coastal areas, indus-
trialized areas with varied manufacturing
activities, and areas that are relatively
non-industrialized. In the County Data
each county is described in terms ol
location, population, and economic ac-
tivities occurring within the county The
waste-related data and characteristics ol
sanitary landfills in the study area provide
a comprehensive representation of smal
quantity hazardous waste generation anc
management in the State of Florida
Florida has a large concentration of these
smaller hazardous waste generators rel-
ative to many other states. This is due, ir
part, to the overall economic profile o1
Florida and to its relatively high growth
rate In terms of assessing, nationwide
the implications of hazardous waste
disposal in sanitary landfills by smal
quantity generators, these data are
particularly useful.
Results
The hazardous waste generator date
for all of the 67 counties in the study area
(in the State of Florida) have beer
aggregated and displayed in seven tables
in the report. These tables provide
information on the hazardous waste
generation and management practices o
smaller hazardous waste generators ir
the State of Florida, particularly as these
practices relate to the use of sanitary
landfills for disposal of these wastes
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Figure 1. Project study area.
Although waste oils are not currently
regulated as a hazardous waste under
the RCRA, they are included in the data.
The following tables contain data
aggregated across all of the 67 counties
in the study area. Table 1 shows the
types and amounts of hazardous waste
generated annually in the study area by
small quantity generators, using the 26
categories reported by survey respon-
dents. The total amount of small quantity
generator waste reported is 129,015
tons. In terms of weight, the major types
of waste generated are "Waste Oils,
Lubricants," "Lead-Acid Batteries,"
"Spent Solvents," "Acidic or Alkaline
Wastes," "Rinses with Heavy Metals,"
"Sludges with Heavy Metals,"
"Photographic Wastes," "Other," "Spent
Plating Wastes," and "Dust with Heavy
Metals."
Table 2 shows the practices reported
used to manage these wastes and how
these various management practices
were used to manage the total amount of
waste (129,015 tons) generated annually.
The primary waste management
practices that are reported to be used
are '"Recycled," "City, Cty., Pvt. Hauler
to Landfill" (i.e., a sanitary landfill
regulated under Subtitle D of the RCRA),
"Other Methods," "Discharged to a
Public Sewer," "Sent to a Subtitle C
Facility," "Treated by Filtration," and
"Treated by Neutralization." The
categories "City, Cty., Pvt. Hauler to
Landfill" (28,335 tons) and "Generator
Takes Waste to Landfill" (1,179 tons)
relate to disposal in a sanitary landfill
permitted under Subtitle D of the RCRA.
The sum of these two categories (29,514
tons) is the total amount of waste
reported sent to a sanitary landfill in the
study area. The category "Sent to a
Subtitle C Facility" describes wastes
managed at facilities permitted by the
EPA (or a state) to accept hazardous
waste. The category "Incinerated" refers
to non-hazardous waste incineration,
and the category "Other Methods"
includes any method not otherwise
specified.
Table 3 shows the total amount of
hazardous waste disposed of annually in
the 160 sanitary landfills in the study area
(29,514 tons). The major types of waste
disposed of in sanitary landfills, by
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Table 1. Study Area Data: Types and Amounts of Hazardous Waste
Generated Annually
Waste Type Waste Amounr % of Total
Waste Pesticides
Washing Solutions
Empty Pesticide Containers
Spent Solutions from Dipping
Other Pesticide Solutions
Dust with Heavy Metals
Rinses with Heavy Metals
Sludges with Heavy Metals
Waste Ink
Ignitable Paint Waste
Paint Waste with Heavy Metals
Spent Solvents
Solvent Still Bottoms
Dry Cleaning Filters
Cyanide Wastes
Acidic or Alkaline Wastes
Spent Plating Wastes
Waste Ammonia
Photographic Wastes
Ignitable Wastes
Wood Preservatives
Waste Formaldehyde
Lead-Acid Batteries
Waste Explosives
Waste Oils, Lubricants
Other
TOTAL
364
943
820
11
69 1
2,522
8,346
6,597
680
2,334
690
73,370
656
201
666
70,982
2,550
955
6,079
7,646
747
278
78,380
67
45,558
3,554
729,075
0.28
0.73
0.64
o.ot
0.53
7.95
6.47
5.77
0.53
7.87
0.54
70.36
0.57
0.76
0.52
8.57
7.98
0.74
4.77
7.27
0.77
0.77
74.25
0.05
35.37
2.75
700
* Short Tons
weight, are "Waste Oils, Lubricants,"
"Lead-Acid Batteries," "Spent Sol-
vents," "Other," "Sludges with Heavy
Metals," "Dust with Heavy Metals,"
"Acidic or Alkaline Wastes," "Rinses with
Heavy Metals," and "Ignitable Wastes."
The remaining five tables from the
Study Area Data are not included in this
project summary. These five tables
show, in units of short tons, the amounts
of hazardous waste generated by SIC
code; the characteristics of sanitary
landfills in the State of Florida; and, for
each SIC code, the types of waste
generated; and management methods
used. The tables in the report that show
data sorted by SIC codes contain a
four-digit numerical code as well as a
description of the classification.
On the average, each of the 160
sanitary landfills in the study area serves
a population of approximately 100,000
people; is between 80-120 acres in
size; has a cell depth of 12 feet; has a
water table depth of 20 feet; has a soil
permeability of 18 inches per hour; has 6
ground-water monitoring wells and 2
surface water points; and has adjacent
land that is agricultural.
Conclusion
These data have been compiled to
assist the U.S. EPA in evaluating facilities
regulated under Subtitle D of the RCRA
and, specifically, in evaluating sanitary
landfills so that appropriate ground-
water monitoring systems can be
established at these facilities. The data
contained in this report will further assist
the U.S. EPA in defining the problems
associated with hazardous waste
disposal in sanitary landfills and other
management methods used by small
quantity generators of hazardous waste.
In addition, these data can provide
information that the agency can use to
evaluate waste oil in the context of
regulatory concerns.
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Table 2. Study Area Data: Hazardous Waste Management Practices
Management Practice
Waste Amount*
% of Total
City, Cty., Pvt. Hauler to Landfill
Generator Takes Waste to Landfill
Generator Buries Waste on Property
Disposed in Pit, Pond, or Lagoon
Sent to a Subtitle C Facility
Discharged to a Public Sewer
Discharged to a Septic Tank
Recycled
Burned or Blended for Fuel
Incinerated
Injected into a Well
Treated by Filtration
Treated by Neutralization
Other Methods
TOTAL
28,335
1,179
2,578
1,396
5,373
11,468
2,025
45,814
1,670
1,248
365
4,793
4,236
18,535
129,015
21.96
0.91
2.00
1.08
4.16
8.89
1.57
35.51
1.30
0.97
0.28
3.72
3.28
14.37
100
" Short Tons
Table 3. Study Area Data: Hazardous Waste Disposed in Sanitary
Landfills Annually
Waste Type Waste Amount* % of Total
Waste Pesticides
Washing Solutions
Empty Pesticide Containers
Spent Solutions from Dipping
Other Pesticide Solutions
Dust with Heavy Metals
Rinses with Heavy Metals
Sludges with Heavy Metals
Waste Ink
Ignitable Paint Waste
Paint Waste with Heavy Metals
Spent Solvents
Solvent Still Bottoms
Dry Cleaning Filters
Cyanide Wastes
Acidic or Alkaline Wastes
Spent Plating Wastes
Waste Ammonia
Photographic Wastes
Ignitable Wastes
Wood Preservatives
Waste Formaldehyde
Lead-Acid Batteries
Waste Explosives
Waste Oils, Lubricants
Other
TOTAL
45
82
320
0
28
1,098
1,017
1,453
138
557
353
3,309
182
115
28
1,086
55
5
279
722
113
21
3,418
10
13,347
1,733
29,514
0.15
0.28
1.08
0.00
0.09
3.72
3.45
4.92
0.47
1.89
1.20
11.21
0.62
0.39
0.10
3.68
0.19
0.02
0.94
2.45
0.38
0.07
11.58
0.03
45.22
5.87
100
* Short Tons
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Roy C. Herndon and John E. Moerlins are with Florida State University,
Tallahassee, FL 32306.
Victor W. Lambou is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report consists of eleven volumes entitled "Florida Hazardous
Waste and Sanitary Landfill Report," (Set Order No. PB 88-211
164/AS; Cost: $528.50, subject to change). Parts I through X of this
set are entitled "Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill Report,
County Data-Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills."
Part XI is entitled "Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, Study Area Data-Generator Data and Characteristics of
Sanitary Landfills." Order numbers and costs for the 11 parts of this
report are:
Parti PB 88-211 1721 AS $ 38.95
Part II PB 88-211 180/AS $50.95
Part III PB 88-211 1981 AS $56.95
Part IV PB 88-211 2061 AS $ 50.95
PartV PB 88-211 214iAS $44.95
Part VI PB 88-211 2221 AS $ 56.95
Part VII PB 88-211 2301 AS $ 50.95
Part VIII PB 88-211 2481 AS $56.95
Part IX PB 88-211 255/AS $ 62.95
PartX PB 88-211 2631 AS $ 38.95
Part XI PB 88-211 2711 AS $ 110.95
All costs are subject to change. All reports will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S4-88/008
0000329 PS
TW.T
40604
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