United States
                    Environmental Protection
                    Agency
Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
Ada OK 74820
                    Research and Development
EPA-600/S9-81-021  Feb. 1983
vvEPA          Project Summary

                    Proceedings  of the
                    Conference on  Combined
                    Municipal/Industrial
                    Wastewater  Treatment
                     Thomas E. Short
                      This conference presented the latest
                     information on combined municipal/
                     industrial wastewater treatment. The
                     sessions were intended  to  bring
                     together experts  from the United
                     States, Canada, Europe, and South
                     Africa who have first-hand experience
                     in the field of combined wastewater
                     treatment systems.  The conference
                     was for  all engineers, scientists,
                     officials,  and operators  who are
                     involved  in combined municipal/in-
                     dustrial wastewater treatment systems
                     and seek to improve their knowledge
                     and understanding of advanced treat-
                     ment procedures for combined munic-
                     ipal/industrial wastewater treatment.
                      The curriculum  of the conference
                     covered  methods for treatment of
                     combined municipal/industrial waste-
                     waters; industrial pretreatment; case
                     histories of industrial pretreatment
                     effluents and combined municipal/
                     industrial wastewater treatment; data
                     on presence and fate of priority
                     pollutants in existing municipal/in-
                     dustrial wastewater systems; research,
                     design, and operation  of combined
                     municipal/industrial wastewater treat-
                     ment; sludge handling, utilization and
                     disposal; water reuse and recycling.

                      This Project Summary was developed
                     by EPA's Robert S.  Kerr Environmental
                     Research Laboratory, Ada, OK, to
                     announce key findings of the research
                     project that is fully documented in a
                     separate report of the same title (see
                     Project Report ordering information at
                     back).
Introduction
  A paper entitled "Compatibility As-
sessment of Municipal and Industrial
Wastes for Combined Biological Treat-
ment" was presented by  Arthur W.
Busch, Environmental Engineering
Consultant. This paper considers the
numerous  chemical and hydraulic
aspects of biological treatment of
combined municipal and industrial
wastewaters. Compatibility is affected
by qualitative and quantitative charac-
teristics of the wastes involved. Assess-
ment should include reaction rates,
phase distribution of organics, concen-
tration effects, hydrographs, and relative
volumes. One factor  deserving special
attention is the effect of transport time
on wastes. There is also a dimension of
"legal compatibility" for mixtures of
wastes containing hazardous and/or
toxic substances.
  "Biological Inhibition Screening of
Industrial Wastewaters" was presented
by Enos L. Stover, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.,
Boston, Mass. The possible presence of
inhibitory or toxic compounds to biologi-
cal treatment processes,  especially
nitrification, warrants concern  where
industrial wastewaters are discharged
into municipal  treatment systems.
Quantitative assessment of inorganic
and organic compounds possibly causing
inhibition problems by atomic absorption
and gas chromatograph-mass spec-
trophotometer analyses is a time-
consuming and expensive proposition. A
simpler method of inhibition screening
in terms of required analyses time and

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expense would be to conduct bioassay
type procedures. A simple and inexpen-
sive microbiological inhibition screening
test procedure can be  conducted  by
treatment plant personnel at municipal
plants receiving industrial wastewater
discharges to provide estimates of the
threshold inhibition levels to both the
carbonaceous and nitrification reactions.
The factors affecting this inhibition
screening procedure and  important
experimental design considerations are
presented  along with  results from
inhibition testing of various industrial
wastewaters for  both carbonaceous
removal and nitrification.
  "Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters
Containing  Biologically Hazardous
Industrial Compounds by Conventional
Activated Sludge and Extended Aeration"
was presented by Don F.  Kincannon, A.
F.  Gaudy, Jr., and T.  S.  Manickam,
Oklahoma State University,  Stillwater,
Oklahoma. The overall objective of the
research reported in this paper was to
gain information on the effect of priority
pollutants  on the performance  of
publicly  owned treatment  works em-
ploying  conventional activated sludge
and extended aeration as the methods
of  secondary treatment. The  general
approach was to compare the perform-
ance of control systems with that of
comparable syste ms dosed with va rious
concentrations of  priority pollutants.
The results  of four priority pollutants
were reported in this paper. They are:
phenol, 2-chlorophenol, methylene
chloride, and 4-chloro, 3-methyl phenol.
Internal recycle  benchscale reactors
were used for the study. The conventional
activated sludge  units were operated
as Be  =  5 days. The wastewater feed
consisted of effluent from the primary
clarifier of  the Stillwater  municipal
sewage  treatment plant.
  "Physical-Chemical Treatment of
Combined Municipal-Industrial Waste-
water for Reuse in South Africa" was
presented  by Hans Van  Leeuwen,
National Institute for Water Research,
Pretoria, South Africa.  Wastewaters
often contain appreciable proportionsof
industrial effluents. The influence of
certain  industrial  pollutants  on  the
reuse potential of reclaimed water is a
matter of great  concern in a water-
scarce country such as  South Africa.
Experience of over a decade was gained
on  four  experimental and  pilot plants
with wastewater  of mainly domestic
origin. The efficacy of these plants inthe
treatment of domestic and industrial
wastes was evaluated by analyzing for
about 60 organic and inorganic pollu-
tants with possible health implications
at various stages of the processes. It
was found that although most contami-
nants could be  removed to a  major
extent by  activated sludge treatment,
chemical  clarification (with  lime or
ferric chloride) before biological treat-
ment could improve removal as well as
protect the biological system. Chlorina-
tion removed some contaminants.
Activated carbon could remove most of
the remaining contaminants and was a
definite  necessity  for the  removal of
some.
  "Use of Granular Activated Carbon to
Treat Municipal Wastewater Receiving
Industrial  Flow" was presented  by
Paschal B. DeJohn, Robert W. Edwards,
and James P. Black, ICI Americas, Inc.,
Wilmington, Delaware. Many municipal
wastewater  treatment plants receive
flow from numerous industrial sources
that create  special problems for  the
treatment  plant operator. Wastewater
from industrial sources often contains
toxic chemicals  that  are not readily
removed via standard treatment prac-
tices and may, in  fact, be detrimental to
critical  processes.  Granular activated
carbon is  one treatment method that
may be  employed  to  overcome these
difficulties. This  paper discussed  the
application  of  GAC — when, where,
why, and how it should be employed —
and discussed results from  several
municipal plants  using GAC.
  "Full Scale Experience with Activated
Carbon Treatment of Joint Municipal-
Industrial Wastewater" was presented
by James L Taylor, Fitchburg Waste-
water Treatment Facilities, Fitchburg,
MA. In  the late  60's, Fitchburg,  like
many communities, found itself faced
with a serious water pollution problem.
An engineering firm was  hired to
recommend and design a solution to the
problem. Their recommendation resulted
in the construction of two new advanced
wastewater treatment facilities. One of
these facilities,  the West plant, is a
physical-chemical plant designed mainly
to service the area's paper manufactur-
ing facilities. Since plant startup in mid-
1975, numerous mechanical and pro-
cess difficulties  have occurred.  The
plant has  operated in a continuous
mode for only a relatively short period of
time.  It appears there are numerous
applications for activated carbon in
wastewater treatment, but they are
dictated by specific conditions.  If
carbon adsorption is to be considered
for a major role in wastewater treatment
in the future, significant changes will be
required in the way process evaluations
and facility designs are conducted.
  "Textile Waste Treatment at a Munic-
ipal PACT Facility" was presented by
Charles  A.  Pitkat, Water Pollution
Control Facility, Vernon,  Connecticut,
and  Craig L. Berndt, Zimpro  Inc.,
Rothschild, Wisconsin.  The town of
Vernon,  Connecticut,  recently placed
into operation a 24,500  MVday (6.5
MGD) design  average flow wastewater
treatment facility incorporating the first
U.S. municipal application of Powdered
Activated Carbon  Treatment  (PACT)
with Wet Air Regeneration of excess
powdered carbon/biomass solids. The
PACT process was selected at  Vernon
due to the difficult-to-treat  domestic
and highly colored industrial  wastes
expected and the stringent effluent
quality required by the NPDES  permit.
The paper describes  briefly the PACT
startup and discusses the  initial year of
operation  of  the  PACT  and Wet Air
Regeneration Systems.  Design  and
performance of those systems are
presented. The operation and perform-
ance of the PACT system  have demon-
strated the substantial improvement in
effluent quality that was expected when
employing the combination of biological
solids and powdered activated carbon
over  more conventional treatment
processes in  treating this difficult-to-
treat wastewater.
  "Review  of the Use  of Ozone for
Improving Combined Municipal-Indus-
trial  Wastewater Treatment" was
presented by  Rip G. Rice, Jacobs
Engineering  Group, Washington,  D.C.
In wastewater treatment, ozonation  is
being developed primarily as an alterna-
tive disinfection treatment process to
chlorination. As  many  as 36 U.S.
sewage treatment  plants  are in opera-
tion, under construction,  or are being
designed with  ozone disinfection. In
many installations, however, the  eco-
nomics of ozone disinfection are affected
adversely by ozone-demanding industrial
components. Several detailed pilot plant
studies  have been conducted in the
U.S.A. utilizing ozone oxidation of
combined municipal-industrial  waste-
water in  earlier treatment stages than
the (terminal) disinfection step. Expe-
riences at the Cleveland Regional Sewer
District using ozone were reviewed, as
were  ozonation studies at Chi no Basin,
California (suspended solids removal)
and Dalton, Georgia (treatment of textile
wastes combined with municipal sewage).
An assessment was  also presented of

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 the  potential  benefits which  may be
 attainable in removing priority pollutants
 from industrial, municipal, or combined
 municipal/industrial wastewaters by
 following chemical oxidation with
 adsorption and concurrent biological
 oxidation.
   'The Use of Solar Energy for Combined
 Municipal-Industrial Wastewater Treat-
 ment" was presented by AurelJ. Acher,
 Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The
 material presented represents research
 on a new method for using solar energy
 for municipal and industrial wastewater
 treatment. This research seeks to
 develop economical  methods of disin-
 fection and detoxification of wastewaters
 which would  result  in  the  reuse of
 effluents  for  crop  irrigation. Aerated
 municipal or  industrial  wastewaters
 containing dye-sensitizers were exposed
 to solar irradiation for various periods of
 time. The influence of the solar energy,
 absorbed  by these sensitizers in the
 visible range, on the organic matter and
 anionic surfactants in secondary efflu-
 ents was checked by determining the
 COD and MBAS values  of  treated
 wastewater.
  The  disinfection potential  of this
 method was followed by bacteriological
 analyses of running water or secondary
 effluents,  previously contaminated or
 enriched,  respectively, with laboratory
 cultures of E.  coli,  bacteriophages and
 polio virus. The results of these experi-
 ments demonstrate the effectiveness of
 such a method (total kill of bacteria and
 viruses). The influence of this  photo-
 oxidative method was  also  studied on
 eutrophic  algae present in the Lake of
 Galilee. It was  found that the conditions
 under which disinfection proceeds also
 support algicidal processes, causing
 lethal damage of algal cultures.
  "Land Treatment of Combined Munic-
 ipal-Industrial  Wastewaters" was pre-
 sented by Charles E. Pound and Ronald
 W. Crites,  Metcalf and Eddy, San
 Bernardino, California.  An overview of
 the mutual benefits of land treatment
 for combined municipal-industrial waste-
 water was given. The discussion used
 pertinent examples from several differ-
 ent  projects where decisions were
 made to either combine or separate the
 two wastewater streams. In most cases
 decisions  depended on  the relative
waste loads contributed by each and the
 relative costs of separate versus com-
 bined treatment.
  "The Utilization of Sewage Sludges
 on Cropland"  was  presented by  L.E.
 Sommers, Purdue University, W. Lafay-
ette, Indiana. Numerous  studies have
indicated that comparable crop yields
can be obtained by fertilizing soils with
either sewage sludges or conventional
inorganic fertilizer materials. However,
sewage sludges  also  contain other
constituents,  primarily of industrial
origin, which may limit their application
rate on cropland. The sludge components
of greatest concern include  pathogens,
slowly degraded organics (e.g., PCB's)
and non-essential heavy metals (nickel,
cadmium, and lead). Approaches being
developed for land application of
sewage sludges are based on maintain-
ing the productivity of agricultural
cropland and the quality of the environ-
ment.  Developing a land application
system involves the following consider-
ations: (1) pathogens;  (2) nitrate  and
heavy metal  leaching  into ground
waters; (3) effects on  human health
resulting from cadmium accumulation
in crops;  (4) phytotoxicity due to
increased soil levels of copper,  zinc, and
nickel; (5) contamination of crops with
persistent organics such as PCB's.
   "Utilisation of Activated Sludge from
Combined Municipal-Industrial Waste-
water Treatment for Animal & Poultry
Feed" was presented by Amatzya Eyal,
Matmor, Central Feed Mill Corporation,
Doar Naa Evtach, Israel. The sewage of
the Haifa  municipality  is directed to a
special area and then undergoes
treatment on the methane fermentation
system. The end product consists of
organic matter which  passed several
stages of fermentation and sterilization.
This product  has  been  successfully
applied  in livestock feed at  the rate of
2.0-2.5% rate of  inclusion. The  main
problem with this product in  livestock
feed is the excessively  high amount of
ash (about 50%). Another product has
been  successfully introduced and is
based on  sludge originating from the
open oxidation ponds  of Tel  Aviv
municipality  and passed radiation
treatment.  After a  range of nutritional
trials it was established that this sludge
has  nutritional value and  may be
successfully applied in feed for  livestock
and poultry.
  "Water Pollution: Industry and Govern-
ment Working Together. A Case Study
of Muncie, Indiana's Industrial Pretreat-
ment Program" was presented by John
M. Craddock, Muncie Sanitary District,
Muncie, Indiana. With  new laws  and
regulations being instituted on the local,
state, and federal level, the ability for
industry to  remain cognizant of all new
requirements  in  the field of water
pollution is becoming almost impossible.
Muncie, Indiana, established as  of
March 10, 1972, a Division of Water
Quality which is a testing and enforce-
ment agency. The three main functions
of the Division are testing  the waste-
water treatment plant, industrial moni-
toring and control of waste being
discharged to the system, as well as the
prevention of stream  pollution in this
geographic area. Since 1972 metals in
the sludge, raw, and final effluent of the
treatment plant have been  reduced by
80%. This has been accomplished by a
good working relationship between the
local regulatory agency and the indus-
trial community.
   "The City of Chattanooga Industrial-
Municipal Pretreatment  Program" was
presented by Eugene G. Wright, George
E. Kurz, and David Summers,  Depart-
ment of Public Works, Chattanooga,
Tennessee.  Faced with  stringent 201
grant requirements  to accomplish
industrial waste control for protection of
its 50-million-dollar wastewater plant
expansion, the City of Chattanooga has
developed an  innovative and compre-
hensive  pretreatment  program. The
goal of the strict compliance schedule in
the  grant  agreement  is  to achieve
control of industrial wastes by 1983 so
that the plant expansion scheduled to be
completed then will be able to meet its
NPDES permit conditions. The pretreat-
ment program  that evolved from the
grant conditions is unique since it was
developed simultaneously with the
promulgation of EPA's General Pretreat-
ment Regulations and has been tailored
to meet the requirements of EPA's
National Pretreatment Strategy. Although
there have been larger cities that have
developed successful  pretreatment
programs for  plant protection, the
program developed by Chattanooga
additionally  incorporated the National
Categorical Standards now being issued
by EPA and is one of the few cities  to
have sufficient data to apply to EPA for
Local Removal Credits.
  "Pretreatment Technology for Pesti-
cide Manufacturing Waste Effluents"
was presented  by Edward C. Monnig,
Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park,  N.C. This  project  is
designed to investigate the suitability of
individual  pesticide  manufacturing
wastewaters for discharge to biological
treatment systems, whether public
owned treatment works  (POTW) or on-
site systems. The approach taken with
each pesticide  manufacturing waste-
water is hierarchical in nature, that is,

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less costly, more available methods of
treatment are investigated first. The
preferred  method of treatment is
assumed to be biological  treatment. If
the pesticide is  judged suitable to
biological treatment based on chemical
and toxicological evaluation of the
waste before and after treatment,
additional options are not investigated.
If pesticide manufacturing wastewater
disrupts biological  treatment systems,
the possibility of pretreating the waste
prior to biological treatment is  investi-
gated. If pretreatment does not improve
the performance of activated sludge
systems, adsorption techniques may be
investigated.
  "Los Angeles County Experience in
the Control and Treatment of Industrial
Wastewater Discharges" was pre-
sented by Leon S.  Directo, Charles W.
Carry, and Jay G. Kremer, County San-
itation Districts of Los Angeles County,
Whittier, California. Because of the
highly industrialized area served by the
Los Angeles County Sanitation Dis-
tricts, the various  Districts' treatment
facilities have to treat both sanitary and
industrial  wastewater discharges. Al-
though  combined treatment  can be
mutually beneficial to both the indus-
trial and residential users, it can also re-
quire  additional planning and  admin-
istration to  successfully operate the
sewerage system  and sewage treat-
ment  facilities.  Thus,  recognizing the
need to serve the industrial community
while at the same time meeting Federal
and  State water  quality goals, the
LACSD  Board of Directors adopted on
April 1, 1972, an  ordinance regulating
industrial wastewater discharges. This
ordinance established a number of in-
dustrial waste regulatory  programs in-
cluding an industrial waste permit pro-
gram, industrial surcharges, plant in-
spections, wastewater monitoring, and
enforcement  activities. The effective-
ness of the source control program in
the JOS was discussed by examining
the influent pollutant concentrations at
the Districts' Joint Water Pollution Con-
trol Plant (JWPCP).
  'The Treatment  of Cotton Waste in
the Mersey Basin" was presented by G.
M. Doughty, Sheffield City Polytechnic,
Sheffield, England. Severe pollution of
the River Goyt is caused by the unsatis-
factory  effluent discharged from the
Whaley Bridge Effluent Treatment
Works (E.T.W.). Although the works was
extended in 1967 and receives less than
its design dry weather flow, the accept-
ance of strong liquors from the kiering
operation of a  nearby cotton processor
has resulted in a gross organic overload.
After hydraulic balancing and neutraliza-
tion  at  the trade  premises, a  highly
colored  liquor with a  BOD  of about
8,000 mg/l is  sewered to the E.T.W. In
current extensions of  the E.T.W. by
North West Water Authority, the1 present
biological stage of standard rate trickling
filters is to be supplemented by high-
rate filters and pure oxygen activated
sludge (UNOX). To aid  dilution of the
trade effluent, two  outdated down-
stream  E.T.W.s  are to be closed and
their process flows pumped upstream to
Whaley Bridge. A high degree of flexibil-
ity is incorporated in the design with
only the highly polluted flows  passing
through all the biological stages.
  "Case  History  of a  Potato Chip
Producer Discharging to a Small Munic-
ipal Treatment System" was presented
by A. Warren Wilson, of Reid, Crowther
& Partners Limited, Con Mills, Ontario,
Canada. A technical investigation of the
impact  of the wastewater discharges
from the Hostess Food Products Limited
plant in Cambridge, Ontario  on the
operation of the local municipal waste-
water treatment plant was made. The
investigation included  a  review of
historical data, a detailed sampling and
analytical program to establish contam-
inant materials balances, andtreatability
studies on selected wastewater streams.
  "Joint Treatment Design and Opera-
tion Problems with a Fine Paper Making
Wastewater" was presented by Jerry D.
Lowry,  University of Maine,  Orono,
Maine. This paper describes the efforts
to solve problems encountered in a joint
treatment facility  located in Brewer,
Maine.  The 3.0-MGD facility receives
wastewater from  the city (10,000
population) and industry (fine paper
making) and  has  been plagued with
operational problems since its startup in
1976.
  "Uniroyal Chemical's Experience of
Combined Municipal-Industrial Waste-
water Treatment at Elmira,  Ontario,
Canada"  was presented by  Ken C.
Bradley, Uniroyal Chemical,  Elmira,
Ontario, Canada. The Chemical Division
of Uniroyal Lts. produces in  Elmira,
Ontario,  Canada,  a wide  range of
organics for use in the agricultural and
rubber  chemical industries. Process
wastewaters from this chemical complex
are combined with raw sewage from the
town of Elmira, Ontario, Canada, prior to
primary clarification and secondary
treatment in a joint municipal-industrial
treatment system. Changes made, and
proposed, to upgrade treatment include
modifications to the aeration system,
improved equalization, activated carbon
pretreatment, and effluent filtration.
  "Industrial Compatibility with the
POTW in Tampa, Florida, through City/
Industry  Cooperation" was presented
by David W. Pickard, Advanced Waste-
water Treatment Plant, Tampa, Florida.
A  comprehensive  industrial waste
monitoring section was started on a full
scale basis in 1973, five years before
the new AWT plant construction  was
complete. The Tampa AWT plant treats
waste from  a service area with  a
population of 300,000 and approximately
50 key  industries.  Industries include
breweries, food processors, lead storage
battery  manufacturing,  electroplating,
and printed circuit board manufacturing.
Most pretreatment programs  have
involved  industrial process changes in
place of treatment plants, thus producing
little toxic residue.  Pilot plants  of the
AWT process selected for Tampa were
run for approximately 2 years to verify
the treatability of the wastewater by the
process of choice.  Through planning
and  industrial cooperation, Tampa has
maintained a combined wastewater
that is compatible with the POTW.
  "Sources  of  Toxic Chemicals in
POTW" was presented by  D.  Ehreth,
U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. The purpose
of the project was to determine the
origin of, and magnitude of, the problem
of toxic substances in Publicly Owned
Works (POTW).  Data  sources include
results from the Monitoring and Data
Support Division (MDSD)  studies of
sources of toxics in collection systems
and Effluent Guidelines Division studies
of toxics in secondary treatment plants.
These data  sources relied  heavily on
monitoring data  to  identify concentra-
tions of toxic substances from sources
and in  POTW influents, sludges, and
effluents. Comparisons of these toxic
concentrations with  available inhibition,
sludge use, Snd water quality criteria
and guidelines show that many toxic
pollutants are present in quantities
which could cause problems in POTW's.
   "Treatment of Industrial Priority
Pollutants in POTW's" was presented
by Howard D. Feiler and Paul J. Storch,
Burns and Roe Industrial Services
Corp.,  Paramus, New Jersey, and
Arthur  Shattuck, U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington,  D.C.
EPA  has embarked on a program to
study the  occurrence and fate of
priority pollutants,  which  encompass

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 129 selected toxic organic and inorganic
 pollutants, at 40 Publicly Owned
 Treatment Works (POTW's). At present,
 approximately 25 percent of the program
 is  complete. POTW's  sampled  have
 included plants with a  broad range of
 industrial contributions and treatment
 sequences. The data provide a basis for
 evaluating pollutant removals relevant
 to establishing pollutant removal credits
 and possible treatment of industrial
 wastes in POTW's.
  "Behavior of Selected Organic Com-
 pounds  in Wastewater Collection and
 Treatment Systems" was presented by
 Albert C. Petrasek, Jr., U.S. Environmental
 Protection  Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
 The major objective of this research
 effort is to evaluate the behavior of the
 organic  "priority pollutants" in conven-
 tional wastewater collection and treat-
 ment systems. The responses of specific
 compounds are being studied so that it
 will be  possible  to determine the
 ultimate sink for  each  chemical, and
 data are being collected which will
 permit the quantification of the removals
 of these materials  in the classical unit
 processes/unit operations employed in
 publicly owned treatment works.
  "Effect of Combined  Municipal and
 Industrial Treatment on Trace Substances
 in  POTW Effluents" was presented by
 Foppe B. DeWalle and David A. Kalman,
 University of Washington, Seattle,
 Washington,  and  Edward  S.K. Chian,
 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
 Georgia. The present study evaluated
 the presence of priority pollutants in
 sewage and sludges collected from 25
 publicly  owned treatment works. The
 plants with sizes varying between 3.8
 mgd and 276  mgd were  selected to
 reflect various percentages (0-73%) and
 types of industrial discharge  into the
 sewer network. Priority pollutant analy-
 sis  measured volatile organics with a
 purging/adsorption technique  while
 acid, neutral, and base organics  were
 obtained by methylene chloride extrac-
 tion, followed by gel permeation chro-
 matography and gas chromatographic
 analysis using capillary columns. Identi-
 fication  occurred  with  a mass spec-
 trometer interfaced with the GC.
  "Flow of Metals in a Municipal Waste
Treatment System" was presented by K.
J. Yost  and R.  W.  Wukasch, -Purdue
 University, West Lafayette, Indiana. The
 Kokomo, Indiana,  municipal waste
treatment system has been surveyed for
the  purpose of characterizing the flow of
 heavy metals from specific sources
through the collection system and
treatment plant. The survey involved
quantifying inputs of Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn
and Pb to the collection system from
commercial/industrial sources, trunkline
sampling  to  determine metal flows
within various segments of the collection
system,  and a metals balance on the
treatment plant.  The design  of  the
trunkline sampling program was such
that metal  inputs from residential
neighborhoods could be measured.
  "Heavy  Metals in Municipal Waste-
water Treatment  Plant  Influents: An
Analysis  of  the Data Available from
Treatment Plants" was  presented by
Mark W. Cantrell,  Richard L.  Church,
and Roger A.  Minear, The University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Sid-
ney A. Hannah, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati,
Ohio;  and Roy O. Ball, Roy F. Weston,
Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania. A
study has been conducted over the last
2 years in which municipal wastewater
treatment facilities  have been surveyed
to determine which plants possess data
on heavy metals concentrations in their
plant influent. A large proportion of those
plants with data have supplied these
data upon request  in conjunction with
other information; flow, percent indus-
trial contribution,  extent of combined
sewers,  and a coarse estimate of
infiltration and inflow. Furthermore, a
large  proportion  of the laboratories
providing data have been  visited  and
evaluated in terms of a lab quality index.
   "Problems with Metals in the Residue
from Combined Municipal/Industrial
Waste Treatment" was presented by H.
M. Jeffus,  University  of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Arkansas. Metals occur in
the  wastewater from many industrial
processes. There are also some notable
examples of metals in wastewater from
municipal residential  areas. These
metals tend to concentrate in the
residues  from  waste treatment. The
disposal  of these  residues  requires
careful planning  and  monitoring if
adverse consequences are to be avoided
later. Metals limit biological treatment
and disposal alternatives. Alternatives
for disposal are: burial, landspreading,
incineration, and encapsulation with
subsequent burial.

Conclusions

  The Conference on Combined  Mu-
nicipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment
was held March 25-27, 1980, at The
Conference Center, University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Dr. Aharon
Netzer, of the  University of Texas at
Dallas, was the conference General
Chairman.

Recommendations

  Conferences dealing specifically with
Industrial/Municipal wastewater treat-
ment should be held on a regular
continuing basis.
  The EPA author is Thomas E. Short (also the EPA Project Officer, see below)
   with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada, OK 74820.
  The complete report, entitled "Proceedings  of the Conference on Combined
   Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment, "fOrder No. PB 83-142 133; Cost:
   $40.00, subject to change) will be available only from:
         National Technical Information Service
         5285 Port Royal Road
         Springfield. VA 22161
         Telephone: 703-487-4650
  The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
         Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
         P. 0. Box 1198
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         Ada, OK 74820
                                                                             •&U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1983/659-095/580

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