United States Environmental Protection Agency Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 27711 Research and Development EPA/600/S9-89/006 Sept. 1989 vvEPA Project Summary Proceedings: 1988 Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology Michael C. Osborne and Jed Harrison, Cochairmen The 1988 Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology, jointly sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory and Office of Radiation Programs was held in Denver, CO, October 17-21, 1988. The symposium had as its objective the exchange of technical information on radon and radon reduction technologies in the indoor environment Oral papers and poster presentations describing recent advances in radon research and ra- don reduction methods provided a pertinent forum for consideration of: regulatory agency activities in radon, radon health studies, radon surveys, radon measurement methods, soil/ geology and radon source potential, house dynamics, and radon diagnos- tics. The Symposium Proceedings, published in two volumes, include 52 oral papers and summaries of 35 pos- ter presentations. This Project Summary was devel- oped by EPA's Air and Energy Engi- neering Research Laboratory, Re- search Triangle Park, NC, to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in itwo volumes of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back). Introduction The 1988 Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology was held October 17-21, 1988, in Denver, CO. Sponsored jointly by the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (EPA-AEERL) and Office of Radiation Programs (EPA-ORP), the symposium was devoted to the exchange of current research developments on radon and radon reduction technology in the indoor environment. Education in radon research and the dissemination of technical infor- mation were the primary objectives of the meeting. Fifty-two oral papers and 35 poster papers were presented, with the keynote address focusing on medical issues and health risks related to radon exposure. The papers addressed a wide range and variety of radon topics: federal and state regulatory agency radon activities, health studies and radon exposure risks, nation- wide and state surveys of radon levels, radon measurement methods, soil/geolo- gy and radon source potential, house dynamics and radon diagnostics/mitiga- tion research, radon reduction tech- niques/methods in existing houses, re- duction of radon in water, radon preven- tion in new construction, and radon measurement/mitigation in schools. The symposium speakers included EPA personnel, as well as representa- tives from federal and state environmen- tal/health agencies, research and devel- opment groups conducting radon testing, academic and medical personnel, manu- facturers of testing equipment, and con- struction and real estate groups. Partici- pants from Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Denmark, and Ireland provided a Euro- pean update on technological develop- ments and an international perspective on radon and radon reduction technology issues. The welcome addresses were given by Richard Fleming, President of the Greater Denver Chamber of Commerce, and ------- Frank T. Princiotta, Director of the EPA- AEERL. The keynote address was given by William R. Hendee, Vice President, Group on Science and Technology, American Medical Association. The symposium has been published in two volumes: the first includes symposi- um oral papers, and the second, poster papers. Oral Papers Fifty-two papers were presented in the 10 oral sessions: Session I: Regulatory Agency Activities in Radon "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Radon Action Program" "State Radon Program Development in Region II" "Status of the New Jersey Radon Pro- gram" "Local Radon Research: Meaningful and Cost Effective" Session II: Radon Health Studies "Radon Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk" "Correlation Between Mean Radon Levels and Lung Cancer Rates in U.S. Counties--A Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory" "The New Jersey Radon Outreach Pro- gram" Session III: Radon Surveys "Nationwide Distribution of Indoor Radon Measurements" "A Comparison of Nationwide Indoor Radon Measurements by Home Dwel- lers and by Real Estate Testing Firms" "Residential Radon Survey of Fourteen States" "Distribution of Radon Levels in New York State Homes" "Radon Measurements in New Jersey" "Seasonal Variability and Bilevel Distri- bution of Radon and Radon Progeny Concentrations in 200 New Jersey Homes" "Seasonal and Annual Average Radon Levels in 70 Houses" Session IV: Radon Measurement Methods "Pennsylvania's Radon Certification Program" "Effect of Indoor Radon Variability on the Duration and Interpretation of Ra- don Measurements" "Realistic Uncertainties for Charcoal and Alpha-Track Radon Monitors" Performance of Methods for Measur- ing Radon and Radon Decay Products" "Glass as a Retrospective Radon De- tector" "Boundary Conditions Affecting Radon Estimation Based Upon Daughter Dep- osition" Session V: Soil/Geology and Radon Source Potential "Correlation of Airborne Radiometric Data and Geologic Sources with Ele- vated Indoor Radon in New Jersey" "A Closer Look at the Natural Radioac- tivity m Soils" "Anomalously High Radon in Shear Zones" "Radon Emanation and Transport in Porous Media" "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fac- tors Governing the Radon Source Po- tential of Soil" "Gravelly Soils and Indoor Radon" Session VI: House Dynamics and Radon Diagnostics "Radon Dynamics in a House Heated Alternately by Forced Air and by Elec- tric Resistance" "Specialized Instrumentation Packages for Radon Field Research" "Intensive Radon Mitigation Research: Lessons Learned" "Radon Diagnostics: Subslab Commu- nication and Permeability Measure- ments" "Pennsylvania Radon Gas Remediation Research and Demonstration Project" Session VII: Radon Reduction In Existing Homes "Radon Reduction Efforts in New Jer- sey" "Preliminary Results from the New York State Radon-Reduction Demon- stration Program" "Passive Radon Reduction Techniques for Existing and New Structures" "Radon Mitigation Techniques in Crawl Space, Basement, and Combination Houses in Nashville, Tennessee" "Sub-Slab Depressurization Demon- stration in Polk County, Florida, Slab- On-Grade Houses" "Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Methods in 16 Houses around Dayton, Ohio" "Monitoring and Evaluation of Radon Mitigation Systems Over a Two-Year Period" "Analysis of Indoor Radon in Different Ventilation Systems" "Application of Air Cleaning Methods for the Removal of Radon Decay Pro-l ducts" "Removal of Radon Daughters by Filtration and Electrostatic Plateout" Session VIII: Radon in Water "Preliminary Results of a Nationwide Waterborne Radon Survey" "New Developments and Considera- tions for Radon Removal From Water Supplies" "Radon Removal From Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon, Packed Tower Aeration and Diffused Bubble Aeration Techniques" "Removal of Radon From Residential Water Supplies by a Unique Aeration Method" Session IX: Radon Prevention in New Construction "Overview of Radon Resistant New Construction" "New House Evaluation Program (NEWHEP)" "Radon Mitigation in New Construction: Four Case Studies" Session X: Radon in Schools "A Preliminary Radon Risk Assess- ment of Three Florida Schools" | "Radon and Radon Progeny Measure- ments in Five Schools" "Characteristics of Schools with Elevat- ed Radon Levels" "Radon Reduction Systems in Schools" Poster Papers Thirty-five papers were presented in the four poster sessions: /. Poster Papers for Sessions I and III "The Growth of the National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) Pro- gram" "House Age, Substructure and Heating System: Relationships to Indoor Radon Concentrations" "Results From the National Park Ser- vice Indoor Radon Sampling Program" "Year Long Radon Survey in Virginia and Maryland: Results From 1500 Homes" "Radon in Canada's Capital Region" "Statewide Radon Surveys: Screening vs Long-Term Measurements" "The Colorado State Indoor Radon Gas Survey Results and Their Geologic Implications" 4 ------- Jl. Poster Papers for Session II and IV "Worker Protection for Radon Mitiga- tors and Diagnosticians" "Psychosocial Issues in the Perception of Radon Gas Exposure" "Risk-Taking Tendencies and Radon Messages: A Field Experiment" "Problems in Radon Measurements in Homes With the Diffusion Barrier Char- coal Adsorption Collector" "The Overresponse of Open-Faced Charcoal Adsorbers Used for Measure- ments of Indoor Radon Concentra- tions" "The Effect of Moving Air on the Ac- curacy of Radon Measurements Made With Charcoal Canisters" "The Accumulator Method For Measur- ing Flux Density of Radon and Thoron From Soil" "The Performance of Charcoal-Based Radon Detection Under Time-Varying Radon Conditions: Experimental and Theoretical Results: "Results of the Orange Environment, Inc., Radon Testing Program" "State-Specific Radon ment" Risk Assess- ///. Poster Papers for Sessions V and VI "Weather Factors Affecting Soil-Gas Radon Concentrations at a Single Site in the Semiarid Western U.S." "A Tentative Protocol for Measurement of Radon Availability from the Ground" "Regional NURE, Geology and Soils Data as Predictors for Indoor Radon" "Radium Distribution Map and Radon Potential in Northwestern United States" "Technique for Rapid Field Assess- ment of Radon Soil-Gas Concentra- tions" "Radon Hot Spots Caused by Bed Rock Fracturing or Proximity to Shallow Uranium Mineralization in Ohio" "Rapid Diagnostics: Subslab and Wall Depressurization Systems for Control of Indoor Radon" "Field Measurements in the EPA/AEERL Radon R&D Program" "Radon Mitigation Performance Mon- itoring in Three Houses" IV. Poster Papers for Sessions VII, VIII, IX, and X "Reduction of Radon Working Level by a Room Air Cleaner" "Coatings and Sealants as Tools in the Radon Mitigation Process" "Evaluation of the Dranjer Corporation Anti-Radon Floor Drain Cover Plate" "Experimental Room Studies on the Reduction of Radon Progeny Concen- trations Using Unipolar Ions and Elec- tric Fields" "Filtration for Control of Exposure to Radon Progeny: Theory and Experi- mental Results" "Radon Wall Coatings Test Facility: Design and Development Phase" "Radon Removal Unit Development" "Assessment of the Effectiveness of Radon-Resistant Features in New House Construction" "Radon Remediation of a Pennsylvania School Administration Building" ------- The EPA authors, Michael C. Osborne (also the EPA Project Officer, see below), is with the Air and Energy Engineering Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; and Jed Harrison is with the Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC 20460. The complete report consists of two volumes, entitled "Proceedings: 1988 Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology:" 'Volume 1. Symposium Oral Papers," (Order No. PB 89-167 4801 AS; Cost: $61.95) "Volume 2. Symposium Poster Papers," (Order No. PB 89-167 498/AS; Cost: $42.95) The above reports will be available only from: (Costs subject to change) National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-487-4650 The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at: Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 United States Environmental Protection Agency Center for Environmental Research Information Cincinnati OH 45268 ' . U T"J.UTY (V-OC5'-;^ - j^c U.S.PUSIAU j- ? 0 2 5 ;h Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300 EPA/600/S9-89/006 »88««CTIOI »GE.CY CHICAGO ------- |