United States
                   Environmental Protection
                   Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
                   Research and Development
EPA/600/S9-89/006  Sept. 1989
vvEPA          Project Summary
                    Proceedings:  1988
                    Symposium on  Radon  and
                    Radon  Reduction  Technology

                    Michael C. Osborne and Jed Harrison, Cochairmen
                    The 1988 Symposium on Radon and
                   Radon Reduction Technology, jointly
                   sponsored by the U.S. Environmental
                   Protection Agency's Air and Energy
                   Engineering Research Laboratory and
                   Office of Radiation Programs was
                   held in Denver, CO, October 17-21,
                   1988. The symposium  had as  its
                   objective the  exchange  of technical
                   information  on  radon  and  radon
                   reduction technologies in the indoor
                   environment Oral papers and poster
                   presentations describing  recent
                   advances in  radon  research  and  ra-
                   don reduction methods provided a
                   pertinent forum for  consideration of:
                   regulatory agency activities in radon,
                   radon health studies, radon surveys,
                   radon  measurement methods, soil/
                   geology and radon  source potential,
                   house dynamics, and radon diagnos-
                   tics. The Symposium Proceedings,
                   published in two volumes, include 52
                   oral papers and summaries of 35 pos-
                   ter presentations.
                    This Project Summary was devel-
                   oped by EPA's Air and Energy Engi-
                   neering Research  Laboratory,  Re-
                   search Triangle Park, NC,  to announce
                   key findings of the  research project
                   that is fully  documented  in itwo
                   volumes of the same title (see Project
                   Report ordering information at back).

                   Introduction
                    The 1988 Symposium on Radon and
                   Radon  Reduction Technology was held
                   October 17-21,  1988, in  Denver,  CO.
                   Sponsored jointly by  the  U.S.  Environ-
                   mental Protection Agency's  Air  and
                   Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
                   (EPA-AEERL)  and  Office  of Radiation
Programs (EPA-ORP), the  symposium
was devoted to the exchange of current
research developments on radon  and
radon reduction technology in the indoor
environment. Education in radon research
and the dissemination of technical infor-
mation were the primary objectives of the
meeting.
  Fifty-two oral papers and 35  poster
papers were presented, with the keynote
address focusing on medical issues and
health  risks  related  to radon exposure.
The papers  addressed a wide range and
variety of radon topics: federal and state
regulatory agency radon activities, health
studies and  radon exposure risks, nation-
wide and state surveys of radon  levels,
radon measurement methods, soil/geolo-
gy and radon source potential,  house
dynamics and radon diagnostics/mitiga-
tion research,  radon reduction tech-
niques/methods in existing  houses, re-
duction  of radon in water, radon preven-
tion in  new construction,  and  radon
measurement/mitigation in  schools.
  The  symposium  speakers included
EPA personnel, as  well as representa-
tives from federal and state environmen-
tal/health agencies,  research and  devel-
opment groups conducting radon testing,
academic and medical personnel,  manu-
facturers of  testing equipment, and con-
struction and real estate groups. Partici-
pants from Sweden, Switzerland, Finland,
Denmark, and Ireland provided a Euro-
pean update on technological develop-
ments and an international  perspective on
radon and radon reduction technology
issues.
  The welcome addresses were given by
Richard Fleming, President of the Greater
Denver  Chamber of Commerce,  and

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Frank T. Princiotta, Director of the EPA-
AEERL. The keynote address was given
by William R.  Hendee,  Vice President,
Group  on Science  and  Technology,
American Medical Association.
  The symposium has been published in
two volumes: the first  includes symposi-
um oral  papers, and the second,  poster
papers.

Oral Papers
  Fifty-two papers were presented in the
10 oral sessions:

Session I: Regulatory Agency
Activities in Radon
  "The U.S.  Environmental Protection
  Agency Radon Action Program"
  "State Radon Program  Development in
  Region II"
  "Status of the New Jersey Radon Pro-
  gram"
  "Local  Radon  Research: Meaningful
  and Cost Effective"

Session II: Radon  Health Studies
  "Radon Exposure  and Lung Cancer
  Risk"
  "Correlation  Between  Mean  Radon
  Levels and Lung Cancer  Rates in U.S.
  Counties--A  Test  of  the Linear-No
  Threshold Theory"
  "The New Jersey Radon Outreach Pro-
  gram"

Session III: Radon Surveys
  "Nationwide  Distribution of  Indoor
  Radon Measurements"
  "A Comparison of Nationwide  Indoor
  Radon Measurements by  Home Dwel-
  lers and by Real Estate Testing Firms"
  "Residential Radon Survey of Fourteen
  States"
  "Distribution  of Radon Levels in New
  York State Homes"
  "Radon Measurements in New Jersey"
  "Seasonal Variability and Bilevel Distri-
  bution of Radon and  Radon Progeny
  Concentrations in 200  New  Jersey
  Homes"
  "Seasonal and Annual  Average  Radon
  Levels in 70 Houses"

Session IV: Radon Measurement
Methods
  "Pennsylvania's Radon  Certification
  Program"
  "Effect of Indoor  Radon Variability on
  the Duration  and  Interpretation  of Ra-
  don Measurements"
  "Realistic Uncertainties  for Charcoal
  and Alpha-Track Radon Monitors"
   Performance of Methods for Measur-
  ing Radon and Radon Decay Products"
  "Glass as a Retrospective  Radon De-
  tector"
  "Boundary Conditions Affecting  Radon
  Estimation Based Upon  Daughter Dep-
  osition"

Session V: Soil/Geology and
Radon Source Potential
  "Correlation of Airborne Radiometric
  Data and Geologic Sources with  Ele-
  vated Indoor Radon in New Jersey"
  "A Closer Look at the Natural Radioac-
  tivity m Soils"
  "Anomalously  High Radon in  Shear
  Zones"
  "Radon  Emanation and Transport  in
  Porous Media"
  "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fac-
  tors Governing the Radon Source Po-
  tential of Soil"
  "Gravelly Soils and Indoor Radon"

Session VI: House Dynamics and
Radon Diagnostics
  "Radon Dynamics in  a  House Heated
  Alternately by Forced Air and by Elec-
  tric Resistance"
  "Specialized Instrumentation Packages
  for Radon Field Research"
  "Intensive Radon Mitigation Research:
  Lessons  Learned"
  "Radon Diagnostics: Subslab Commu-
  nication  and  Permeability  Measure-
  ments"
  "Pennsylvania Radon  Gas Remediation
  Research and Demonstration Project"

Session VII: Radon Reduction In
Existing Homes
  "Radon Reduction  Efforts in New Jer-
  sey"
  "Preliminary Results from the New
  York State Radon-Reduction Demon-
  stration Program"
  "Passive Radon Reduction Techniques
  for Existing and New Structures"
  "Radon Mitigation Techniques in Crawl
  Space, Basement, and Combination
  Houses in Nashville, Tennessee"
  "Sub-Slab Depressurization Demon-
  stration in  Polk County, Florida, Slab-
  On-Grade Houses"
  "Testing of Indoor Radon   Reduction
  Methods in 16 Houses  around Dayton,
  Ohio"
  "Monitoring and Evaluation of  Radon
  Mitigation Systems Over a Two-Year
  Period"
  "Analysis of Indoor Radon  in Different
  Ventilation Systems"
  "Application of Air  Cleaning Methods
  for the Removal of  Radon Decay Pro-l
  ducts"
  "Removal  of  Radon  Daughters  by
  Filtration and Electrostatic Plateout"

Session VIII: Radon in Water
  "Preliminary Results of a Nationwide
  Waterborne Radon Survey"
  "New  Developments and Considera-
  tions for Radon Removal From  Water
  Supplies"
  "Radon Removal From Drinking  Water
  Using Granular Activated  Carbon,
  Packed Tower Aeration and Diffused
  Bubble Aeration Techniques"
  "Removal  of Radon From Residential
  Water Supplies  by  a Unique Aeration
  Method"

Session IX: Radon Prevention in
New Construction
  "Overview  of  Radon  Resistant New
  Construction"
  "New House  Evaluation Program
  (NEWHEP)"
  "Radon Mitigation in New Construction:
  Four Case  Studies"

Session X: Radon in Schools
  "A  Preliminary  Radon  Risk Assess-
  ment of Three  Florida Schools"        |
  "Radon and Radon  Progeny Measure-
  ments in Five Schools"
  "Characteristics of Schools with Elevat-
  ed Radon Levels"
  "Radon  Reduction   Systems  in
  Schools"

Poster Papers
  Thirty-five  papers were presented in
  the four poster sessions:

/. Poster Papers for  Sessions I
and III
  "The Growth  of the  National   Radon
  Measurement  Proficiency  (RMP) Pro-
  gram"
  "House Age, Substructure and Heating
  System:  Relationships to Indoor  Radon
  Concentrations"
  "Results From the  National Park Ser-
  vice Indoor Radon Sampling Program"
  "Year Long Radon  Survey in Virginia
  and  Maryland:  Results From   1500
  Homes"
  "Radon in Canada's Capital Region"
  "Statewide Radon Surveys: Screening
  vs Long-Term  Measurements"
  "The Colorado State Indoor Radon Gas
  Survey  Results  and  Their  Geologic
  Implications"                       4

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Jl. Poster Papers for Session II
 and IV
   "Worker Protection for Radon  Mitiga-
   tors and Diagnosticians"
   "Psychosocial Issues  in the Perception
   of Radon Gas Exposure"
   "Risk-Taking  Tendencies and  Radon
   Messages: A Field Experiment"
   "Problems in Radon  Measurements in
   Homes  With the Diffusion Barrier Char-
   coal Adsorption Collector"
   "The  Overresponse  of Open-Faced
   Charcoal Adsorbers Used for Measure-
   ments  of Indoor Radon Concentra-
   tions"
   "The  Effect of Moving Air on the Ac-
   curacy  of Radon Measurements Made
   With Charcoal Canisters"
   "The  Accumulator Method For Measur-
   ing Flux Density of Radon and  Thoron
   From  Soil"
   "The  Performance of Charcoal-Based
   Radon  Detection  Under Time-Varying
   Radon  Conditions: Experimental and
   Theoretical Results:
   "Results of  the Orange Environment,
   Inc., Radon Testing Program"
  "State-Specific Radon
  ment"
Risk Assess-
///. Poster Papers for Sessions V
and VI
  "Weather Factors Affecting Soil-Gas
  Radon Concentrations at a Single Site
  in the Semiarid Western U.S."
  "A Tentative Protocol for Measurement
  of Radon Availability from the Ground"
  "Regional NURE,  Geology and  Soils
  Data as Predictors for Indoor Radon"
  "Radium Distribution Map and Radon
  Potential in  Northwestern  United
  States"
  "Technique  for  Rapid Field  Assess-
  ment of Radon  Soil-Gas  Concentra-
  tions"
  "Radon  Hot Spots  Caused  by  Bed
  Rock Fracturing or Proximity to Shallow
  Uranium Mineralization in Ohio"
  "Rapid  Diagnostics: Subslab and Wall
  Depressurization  Systems for  Control
  of Indoor Radon"
  "Field  Measurements   in   the
  EPA/AEERL Radon R&D Program"
  "Radon  Mitigation Performance  Mon-
  itoring in Three Houses"

IV. Poster Papers for Sessions
VII, VIII, IX,  and X
  "Reduction of Radon Working Level by
  a Room Air Cleaner"
  "Coatings and Sealants as Tools  in the
  Radon Mitigation Process"
  "Evaluation  of the Dranjer Corporation
  Anti-Radon Floor Drain Cover Plate"
  "Experimental  Room  Studies on the
  Reduction of Radon Progeny Concen-
  trations Using Unipolar Ions  and  Elec-
  tric Fields"
  "Filtration for Control of Exposure  to
  Radon  Progeny:  Theory and  Experi-
  mental Results"
  "Radon  Wall  Coatings  Test Facility:
  Design and Development Phase"
  "Radon Removal Unit Development"
  "Assessment  of the Effectiveness  of
  Radon-Resistant  Features  in  New
  House Construction"
  "Radon Remediation of a Pennsylvania
  School Administration Building"

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The EPA authors, Michael C. Osborne (also the EPA Project Officer, see below),
  is with the Air and Energy Engineering Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC
  27711; and Jed Harrison is with  the Office of Radiation Programs, Washington,
  DC 20460.
The complete  report consists  of  two  volumes, entitled  "Proceedings:  1988
  Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology:"
    'Volume 1. Symposium Oral Papers," (Order No.  PB 89-167 4801 AS; Cost:
    $61.95)
    "Volume 2. Symposium Poster Papers,"  (Order No. PB 89-167 498/AS; Cost:
    $42.95)
The above reports will be available only from: (Costs subject to change)
       National Technical Information Service
       5285 Port Royal Road
       Springfield, VA 22161
       Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
       Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
       Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
         ' . U T"J.UTY

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