United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
                                   Industrial Environmental
                                   Research Laboratory
                                   Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
                                   EPA-600/S7-84-027 Apr. 1984
Project Summary
Distributed  Mixing  Burner  (DMB)
Engineering  Design  for
Application  to  Industrial  and
Utility  Boilers

B.A. Folsom, P. Nelson, J. Vatsky, and E. Campobenedetto
  This report summarizes the design of
two prototype distributed mixing burners
(DMBs) for application to industrial and
utility boilers. The DMB is a low-NO,
pulverized-coal-fired burner in which:
(1) mixing of the coal with combustion
air  is controlled to minimize  NO>
emissions, and (2) an overall oxidizing
environment is  maintained to avoid
slagging and corrosion.
  Several DMB  configurations were
tested in two research furnaces over a
range of operating conditions. The data
were evaluated to develop design
criteria for optimum performance. Two
prototype DMBs were then designed by
integrating  the  design criteria with
commercial burner components.  One
burner was designed for application to
an industrial  size (215,000 Ib/hr)
Foster Wheeler boiler. The second
prototype  burner was designed for
application to a general class of Babcock
and  Wilcox opposed-fired utility size
boilers, because a utility size host boiler
had not been selected.
  This report discusses the initial
prototype burner designs. Subsequent
burner testing and burner design changes
are discussed in other reports.
  This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that is fully docu-
mented in a separate report of the same
title (see  Project Report  ordering
information at back).

Introduction
  The DMB concept involves staging the
combustion  process to minimize  NO,
                                   emissions while maintaining an overall
                                   oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace to
                                   minimize  slagging and corrosion. NO*
                                   production from fuel nitrogen compounds
                                   is minimized by driving a majority of the
                                   compounds into the gas phase  under
                                   fuel-rich  conditions and providing a
                                   stoichiometry/temperature history which
                                   maximizes the decay  of the evolved
                                   nitrogen compounds to Nz. Thermal NO«
                                   production is also minimized by enthalpy
                                   loss  from the fuel-rich zone which
                                   reduces peak temperatures.
                                     Figure 1 shows schematically how the
                                   DMB design  sequentially stages  the
                                   fuel/air mixing. The combustion process
                                   occurs  in  three zones. In the first zone,
                                   pulverized coal (transported by the
                                   primary air) combines with the inner
                                   secondary air to form a very fuel-rich (20
                                   to 50 percent theoretical air)recirculation
                                   zone  which provides flame stability. The
                                   coal  devolatilizes, and fuel nitrogen
                                   compounds are released to the gas
                                   phase. Outer secondary air is added in the
                                   second  "burner zone" where the stoichi-
                                   ometry  increases up to about 70 percent
                                   theoretical air. This is the optimum range
                                   for reduction of bound nitrogen compounds
                                   to Na. Air to complete combustion process
                                   is supplied through tertiary ports located
                                   outside  the burner throat. This allows
                                   substantial residence time in the burner
                                   zone  for decay of bound nitrogen com-
                                   pounds  to N2 and radiative heat transfer
                                   to reduce  peak temperatures. The ter-
                                   tiary ports surround the burner throat pro-
                                   viding an  overall oxidizing atmosphere
                                   and minimizing interactions between
                                   adjacent burners.
                                     For the last several years, Energy and
                                   Environmental Research Corporation

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                        Tertiary Air
  Coal and
 Primary Air
                                  Very Fuel Rich
                                  Zone (Average
                               Stoichiometry 40%)
           Progressive Air Addition Zone
            (Overall Stoichiometry 70%)
  Final Air Addition Zone for Burnout
    (Overall Stoichiometry 120%)
Figure  1.    OMB concept.
(EER) has been working with the EPA to
develop the  DMB concept under EPA
Contracts 68-02-1488 and 68-02-2667.
These efforts have focused on  experi-
mentally evaluating the performance of
several  DMB  designs  in two research
furnaces. Six DMBs have been tested in
single- and four-burner arrays at firing
rates up to 100 x 106 Btu/hr.  The tests
covered  wide ranges of DMB  design
parameters,  adjustments, and  operating
conditions.  Under  optimum  conditions,
NOx levels less than 0.15 Ib/106 Btu were
achieved.  However,  DMB performance
has not been evaluated in commercially
operated steam generators.
  The EPA is currently conducting two
programs to provide this field evaluation.
EPA Contract 68-02-3127, with  EER as
the prime contractor and Foster Wheeler
as  a major subcontractor,  involves
evaluation of the DMB concept  on two
industrial-size single-wall-fired  boilers.
EPA Contract 68-02-3130, with Babcock
and Wilcox as the prime contractor and
EER as the major subcontractor, involves
evaluating the DMB concept on a utility
size opposed-fired  boiler. The objectives
of both  programs are to achieve NOX
emissions levels less than 0.2 lb/106Btu
without adverse effects on boiler opera-
bility and durability, thermal  efficiency.
and  the  emission of other pollutants.
These field evaluations involve: (1 (transla-
tion of the development burner test data
into practical prototype DMBs,  (2) verifi-
cation of the prototype burner perform-
ance through  testing  in  a research
furnace, (3) construction and installation
of these  burners  in the field boilers, (4)
evaluation of burner/boiler performance
under typical operating conditions,  and
(5) documentation of the results.
  This report  summarizes the  first
program  element, the prototype  DMBs.
These burners were designed by integra-
ting: (1) specific requirements of the host
boilers, (2)  DMB design criteria,  and (3)
commercial  burner  components. These
burners  will be  tested in a  research
furnace to fine tune the designs and to
adjust operating variables for an optimum
balance between low NOx emissions and
other performance parameters. Based on
this  testing, the final  design will be
specified and  the  necessary burners
fabricated  for  installation  in  the  host
boilers.
  The prototype burner designs discussed
in this report are these initial  "flexible"
designs based on the results of previous
DMB development efforts and commercial
burner components. During the testing of
the  industrial  prototype burner (EPA
Contract 68-02-3127) in the large
watertube simulator (LWS),  some design
parameters were changed considerably,
including incorporation of some proprie-
tary Foster  Wheeler components and
parameter values. Similarly, although the
utility prototype burners (EPA Contract
68-02-3130) have not yet been tested, it is
expected that the final burner design may
be considerably different from the initial
prototype burner design included in this
report. Results  of this LWS testing and
the changes in  the  burner designs are
documented in  annual  reports for  the
respective programs.

Boiler Characteristics
 .The boiler  selected as the initial
industrial boiler field evaluation site  is
Pearl Station  Unit No. 1, owned and
operated by Western  Illinois Power
Cooperative (WIPCO), Jacksonville, IL.
This unit has  a maximum continuous
rating of 215,000  Ib/hr of steam and is
single-wall-fired with four burners in a 2
x 2 array. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional
view of the unit, and Table 1  lists the
characteristics  which impact prototype
burner design.
  The  utility boiler  demonstration  site
has not been  selected; thus, it  is not
possible at this time to precisely define

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Figure 2.    Cross section of initial industrial boiler.
the boiler characteristics which influence
prototype  burner design. However,  the
general characteristics of the family of
boilers from which the field evaluation site
will  be  selected are listed in Table 2.
These characteristics were the basis for a
preliminary prototype burner design.

DMB Design Criteria
  Six DMB configurations ranging from
10 to 100 x 106 Btu/hr were tested to
evaluate  their potential for low  N0«
emissions and to optimize their design
parameters. The burners were tested in
two  research furnaces. A small water-
tube simulator (SWS), with  geometry
similar to  a 10,000 Ib/hr single-burner
watertube boiler, was used to test  the
small burners. The larger burners (50 x
106 Btu/hr and larger) were tested in the
large watertube simulator  (LWS). This
furnace has geometry similar to a large
industrial or small utility boiler. It will also
be  used to  evaluate  prototype  DMB
performance.
  The  DMB  tests showed that  each
configuration  could  be  operated  to
produce stable flames and low NOX
emissions in the range of 100 ppm*.The
burner parameters were found to have
significant effects on burner performance.
These parameters can be organized into
four categories: fuel variables, secondary
air variables, tertiary air variables, and
exit geometry.
* All concentrations are corrected to 0% 02, dry.
  The fuel system design has significant
influence  on flame shape and length.
Nozzles in which the coal and primary air
are injected axially tend to produce slow
fuel/air mixing and long diffusion flames.
Nozzles with impellers cause more rapid
fuel/air mixing which tends to produce
shorter more compact flames.  Long
diffusion flames can be used in boilers
with large furnace depths; e.g., opposed
wall-fired units. The NO emissions from
this flame type were generally lower than
those for short flames. However, this may
be valid only for the specific burner
configurations tested and not necessarily
a general result. Smaller furnaces (e.g.,
those in single-wall-fired  units) require
shorter flames to avoid flame impingement
on the rear wall. The test results have
shown that the short-flame DMB can be
optimized for low NO emissions, but that
deeper staging (low burner zone stoichio-
metry)  is required.  A  DMB could be
designed to vary flame shape by incorpo-
rating some mechanism for changing the
spreading characteristics of the primary
stream into the secondary airstream. For
burners designed with annulartangential
inlets, this parameter is most  easily
varied by burner setback which increases
the residence time in the primary/secon-
dary mixing zone upsteam of the burner
throat.  For burners designed with  a
central fuel nozzle, impeller blades can be
used to increase the coal spreading rate. In
the short-flame DMBs, optimum results
were obtained with 45° impeller blades.
However,  the tests  were  of limited
duration and did not  evaluate erosion
which may limit impeller life in burners
operated for extended periods as in field
boilers.  A significant amount of data is
not available to  evaluate  the effects of
primary velocity. Consequently, DMBs
should  be designed to  allow primary
velocity to be varied during burner tuning.
This could be achieved by designing for a
low  primary  velocity and providing
sleeves or other  devices to  reduce  the
nozzle exit diameter.  Alternatively,  a
conical nozzle exit (e.g., Foster Wheeler's
variable velocity nozzle) could be used.
  The air system design has significant
influence on NO and CO emissions. Dual
secondary air channels provide additional
control over fuel/air mixing rates and are
thus preferred  over single secondary
burner designs. Burner zone stoichiometry
is the major parameter controlling NO for
the DMB,  and the lower limit will be
dictated by CO or flame stability.  Flame
stability can be enhanced at lower burner
zone stoichiometries, however, by increas-
ing the secondary swirl without impact on
NO. Since the optimum value of swirl and

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Table 1.    Initial Industrial Boiler Demonstration Site Characteristics

                           Characteristic
                           Value
Boiler/Furnace
Boiler Capacity, Ib/hr:

Furnace Depth, ft
Furnace Width, ft
Firing Configuration
Burner Capacity, Btu/hr:

Current Burners:

Burner Array, wide x high
Burner Spacing, ft:

Fuel Supply System
Coal Type
Mills:

Primary Stoichiometry at MCft, % T.A."
Primary Temperature, "F
Air Supply System
Air Heater Type
Design Point Excess Air at MCR, %
Windbox Temperature at MCR. °F
Burner Pressure Drop (nominal), in. HiO
Windbox Depth, in.

MCR*
Peak



MCft
Peak
Type
Throat Dia., in.

Horizontal
Vertical


Type
Number









215x10?
245 x 103
20. 6
16.4
Single Wall
69 x JO*
80 x 10e
Intervane
24
2x2
6.0
6.6

Bituminous
Model MB
2
16
155

Regenerative
18
510
3.5
52
8 Maximum continuous rating.
b Theoretical air.
Table 2.   Approximate Utility Boiler Demonstration Site Characteristics

                           Characteristic
Boiler/Furnace
  Boiler Capacity at MCR", MW
  Furnace Depth, ft
  Furnace Width, ft
  Firing Configuration
  Burner Capacity at MCR, Btu/hr
  Current Burners, type
  Circular Burner Array, wide x high
  Circular Burner Spacing, ft:
Fuel Supply System
  Primary Stoichiometry at MCR, % T.A. b
  Primary Temperature, °F
Air Supply System
  Design Point Excess Air at MCR, %
  Windbox Temperature at MCR. °F
  Burner Pressure Drop (nominal), in.
 Horizontal
 Vertical
8 Maximum continuous rating.
" Theoretical air.

burner zone Stoichiometry will depend on
burner characteristics, swirl device, coal
composition,  and the overall duty cycle,
DMBs should be designed with sufficient
flexibility  to vary this parameter. Flame
stability characteristics are also influenced
by the primary air velocity.  The ability to
vary the  primary air velocity  will  also
provide another way to operate  at  low
burner  zone  Stoichiometry while main-
taining low CO levels. Tertiary jet velocity
does not appear to be an important design
parameter for NO or CO, although port
                            Value
32-35
34-48
Opposed Wall
125x J0e
Circular or Cell
3 x 4 or 4 x 3
8-9
8-10
                         25
                          150
                          15
                          550
                          4.0
location has a significant impact on CO
burnout. For DMBs designed  for  field
boilers, the location of tertiary ports will
be determined in part  by the burner-to-
burner  spacing and other furnace and
windbox design parameters.
  The  burner exit configuration plays a
key role in flame stability. For most of the
DMB tests, the primary and inner
secondary setbacks (distances from end
of parallel  throat—see Figure 3)  were
zero, the quarl (refractory throat diver-
gence) half angle was 25 degrees, and its
length was equal to the throat diameter. If
this exit configuration is applied to DMBs
for field boilers, the resulting quarl length
and overall diameter will be considerably
larger than current commercial practice.
Consequently, a shorter quarl length will
probably be  required. The  test results
discussed above showed  that flame
stability decreased with quarl length, and
it may be necessary to increase the coal
nozzle setback or swirl on the primary or
secondary airstreams to achieve satisfac-
tory  flame stability in a burner with a
short quarl.
  These  general  burner design require-
ments  are summarized  in  Table  3.
Several of the parameters, listed as site-
dependent (S.D.), will be based on
characteristics of the field  boilers. It is
possible  that the nominal design point
values may need to be varied for optimum
burner performance. Thus, the prototype
DMBs have been designed to be flexible
so that the design parameters can  be
adjusted for optimum performance. Table
3 also lists the range of variables which
will  be  examined as  part of burner
performance optimization tests.


Industrial Prototype Burner
  Figure3 is across-sectional view of the
prototype  burner (without tertiary air
ports)  showing  its design  details. The
following Foster Wheeler  commercial
burner components  have been  used in
the design: an  annular coal nozzle, a
telescoping coal nozzle  for  primary
velocity control, registers for swirl control
and flow shutoff, air hoods for secondary
flow rate control,  and a commercial flame
scanning and ignition system.  The coal
and primary air enter through a tangential
inlet to provide swirl. The coal nozzle is a
tapered annulus,  and the axial velocity
increases as the coal and air  move toward
the burner throat. The exit end of the coal
nozzle is formed from two concentric
cones. The inner cone can be  moved
axially to vary the exit area, and hence,
the primary velocity. The outer portion of
the  coal nozzle  consists of removable
sections so that the overall  length of the
coal nozzle may  be changed to vary coal
nozzle setback in the burner throat. Each
of two concentric secondary air passages,
supplied from a common windbox, has an
adjustable  register for swirl control, an
axialfy  movable  sleeve for flow rate
control, and a perforated plate (air hood)
for flow rate measurement. Pressure taps
on  both sides of each perforated  plate
allows the pressure drop to be measured
and correlated with sleeve positions and
flow rates.
                                    4

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Table 3.    Distributed Mixing Burner Design Parameters
   Parameter
                                                       Nominal
                                                        Design
                                                        Point
                 Testing
                 Range
Fuel System
  Primary Temperature, °F
  Primary Stoichiometry, %
  Primary Velocity, ft/sec
  Primary Swirl
                       T.A.'
                             T.A.
Air System
  Secondary
    Temperature, °F
    Burner Zone Stoichiometry,
    Inner Swirl
    Outer Swirl
    Axial Velocity, ft/sec
    Inner/Total Area
    Inner/Total Flow Rate
  Tertiary
    Temperature, "F
    Swirl
    Axial Velocity, ft/sec
    Angle, degrees
    Number
    Location, radius/throat diameter
    Divergence, degrees

Exit
  Half Angle, degrees
  L ength/Diameter
  Setback - Inner Secondary, in.
  Setback - Outer Secondary, in.
  S.D.'
  S.D.
   75
45° Vanes
   S.D.
  50-70
 Variable
 Variable
   60
   0.33
   0.33

   S.D.
  None
   50
    0
    4
   2.2
    0
                                                         25
                                                         1.0
                                                          0
                                                          0
130-180
 17-30
 50-90
Variable
400-650
 40-120
 Variable
 Variable
 50-90
 Variable
 Variable

400-650

 40-60
                                                                        S.D.
                 Variable
                  S.D.
                 Variable
                 Variable
Operational Variables
Capacity. 10* Btu/hr
Turndown, % capacity
Overall Stoichiometry, % T.A.
S.D.
S.D.
S.D.
~50
100-150
* Site dependent.
b Theoretical air.
  The core (that portion of the burner in
the coal nozzle) is supplied with a small
amount of cooling air from the windbox. A
retractable ignition system,  including
spark ignition, a 10x10 Btu/hr oil nozzle
and a pilot flame scanner are in the core,
on the burner centerline. The main flame
scanner views  the flame through the
inner secondary air passage.
  Tertiary  air  is supplied from  the
windbox through  outboard tertiary air
ports. The airflow rate through each port
will  be  controlled and measured by a
control valve not shown in Figure 3. Four
tertiary  air  ports will  be used  for the
prototype burner tests. Their locations
(with respect to the burner throat) match
the burner spacing in the host boiler. The
port location to be used in the field will be
selected to uniformly distribute the
tertiary  air around and between the
burners. Some compromise may be
required, depending on windbox construc-
tion and furnace structural considerations.
  In summary, the industrial  prototype
burner has  been designed with  flexible
                                         parameters to permit the flow rates,
                                         velocities,  and  swirl  in the  burner
                                         passages to be varied to optimize burner
                                         performance. The dimensions and ranges
                                         of adjustment are listed in Table 4. All the
                                         dimensions listed match the DMB design
                                         criteria except exit length, which must be
                                         considerably  shorter due to windbox
                                         depth  limitations.  The resulting exit-
                                         length/throat-diameter  ratio is 0.40,
                                         compared to  1.0 for the DMB  design
                                         point. The effects  of this shorter  exit
                                         length will  be  evaluated during  the
                                         prototype tests.

                                         Utility Boiler Prototype Burner
                                           Since a utility  host site has not been
                                         selected, a preliminary prototype burner
                                         has been designed based on the approxi-
                                         mate utility boiler field evaluation  site
                                         characteristics listed in  Table 3. This
                                         burner design is preliminary  in that  it
                                         represents the general burner design; it
                                         does not include the flexibility inherent in
                                         the industrial prototype  burner.  If the
                                         industrial  prototype  burner test  results
 show that additional flexibility is required
 in the utility prototype burner,  it will be
 incorporated in the final design.
  Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the
 preliminary utility prototype burner,
 showing its design details. The following
 Babcock and Wilcox commercial burner
 components were used in the burner: an
 axial coal  nozzle,  registers  for flow
 shutoff, swirl vanes for inner secondary
 swirl, and a commerical flame scanning
 and ignition system.
  The coal and  primary air enter  the
 nozzle through a 90° elbow. The inlet end
 of the nozzle has a venturi, designed to
 produce  and approximately  uniform
 distribution of coal at the nozzle exit. The
 two concentric secondary air passages
 each has a register which  allows  the
 airflow to be shut off when the burner is
 out of service. The outer register can be
 adjusted to control swirl; however, this
 will also vary the flow distribution among
 the various burner passages. The inner
 secondary has swirl vanes so that  the
 inner secondary  swirl is approximately
 independent of register position. The four
 tertiary air  ports each has  a  separate
 damper. The tertiary ports are rectangular
 with  the  shorter  dimension horizontal.
 This  results in less disturbance to  the
 tubewall,  and hence, greater structural
 strength than circular ports of the same
 area. The oil ignitor is on  the  burner
 centerline and has a ceramic exterior to
 minimize wear. The scanner (not shown)
 views the  flame through  the inner
 secondary channel.
  The dimensions of this burner are listed
 in Table 5. As with the industrial proto-
 type burner, the  ratios of tertiary-port-
 radius/throat-diameter and exit-length/
 diameter are less than the DMB  design
 criteria.
  Since the utility host boiler  has  not
 been selected, it is not possible to specify
 the furnace firing depth, and hence, the
 maximum acceptable flame length. Thus,
 is is desirable to provide some way to vary
 flame shape and  length in the prototype
 burner Previous DMB tests have  shown
 that  coal  nozzle design  is the key
 parameter influencing flame shape and
 length. Nozzles which  channel  the coal
 into  an axial  jet  produce long  narrow
 flames, while nozzles which mix the coal
 more rapidly with the combustion  air
 produce shorter flames.  The  utility
 prototype burner nozzle design is expected
to produce a long  narrow flame. During
 prototype burner testing, alternate nozzle
 designs will be evaluated so that the
flame length can be tailored to match the
 host boiler furnace depth.

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    Note: Unless otherwise
    indicated, all dimensions
    are in inches.
                                                                                                   2-1/2
                                                                                                        Firing Face
Ignitor
                       Coal Inlet
                                                                                                       Cast
                                                                                                       Refractory
                                                                                                       Exit
                                                                                    Sliding
                                                                                    Sleeves
Figure 3.   Cross section of industrial prototype burner based on Foster Wheeler design without tertiary air ports.
Prediction of Prototype Burner
Field Operating Characteristics
  Since the basis for the prototype design
is the LWS research furnace, not a steam
raising system, then some assurance is
required that the DMB will perform in the
field as predicted. Although indirect, the
approach taken was to evaluate commer-
cial  burner operation in the LWS and
compare it against field experience. This
approach provides some assurance that,
if the burner operates satisfactorily in the
LWS, it will also operate satisfactorily in
the field.
  In support of the industrial demonstra-
tion program (EPA Contract 68-02-3127),
a Foster Wheeler intervane burner (pre-
N SPS) designed to meet the specifications
of the small capacity host site boiler was
evaluated over a range of excess air and
load. In general, the  flames produced by
this burner were short, bright, intense,
and stable. The base  of the flame was
within the cylindrical portion of the exit
and filled the divergent portion. In the
furnace, the flame expanded rapidly and
was about  12 ft (five throat diameters)
long.  The burner  controls (register and
core air control valve) affected the flame
shape: with the controls adjusted similarly
to field settings, the flame shape in the
LWS was somewhat narrower and longer
than  those  observed  with multiburner
arrays in the field. Throughout the tests,
stack  opacity  was low  except  for low
excess air conditions, where some black
smoke was  observed. The smoke was
generally light gray haze. This similarity
of flame characteristics  between the
LWS  and field  intervane burner test
results suggests that the short-flame
DMB  flame  characteristcs and stability
observed in the LWS will also be similar
in the field.
  CO emissions were about 185 ppm at
20  percent excess  air. This is about  a
factor of four higher than typical field
boiler CO levels, which are usually less
that 50 ppm. The high CO levels measured
in the LWS  are probably due to the
relatively cold furnace  design which
quenches CO oxidation above the burner
zone. The  CO levels measured during
previous  DMB tests in  the LWS were
similar to the intervane burner levels.
  NO emissions from  the intervane
burner, at full load and 25 percent excess
air, were 500 ppm; this is about 100 ppm
lower than that typically measured  in
field operating industrial size boilers.
Foster Wheeler has found that, when two
burners are tested in a research facility
such as the  LWS, the  ratio of NO*
emissions from  the same two burners
operating in a commercial steam genera-
tor. Thus, the NOX emissions from the

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ible4. Industrial Prototype Burner Dimensions and Adjustments units. A much more accurate estimate
Adjustment will be made by utilizing prototype DMB
Design Variable
tel Injector
Core Diameter, in.
Core Area, in.2
Nozzle Diameter, in.
Annulus Thickness, in.
Primary Area, in.2
Setback, in.
ner Secondary Channel
Outer Diameter, in.
Annulus Thickness, in.
Area, in.2
Setback, in.
uter Secondary Channel
Outer Diameter, in.
Annulus Thickness, in.
Area, in.2
Setback, in.
irtiary Ducts
Distance from Burner £ , in.
Spacing Around Burner, degrees
Number of Ports
Injection Angle, degrees
Axial Position, in.
Diameter, in.
Total Area, in.2
^iroat and Exit
Throat Diameter, in.
Throat Area, in. 2
Half Angle of Exit, degrees
Length of Exit, in.
Length /Diameter
+
1 n
t-
i
	 ~~— -^ Tertiary
Port
, *•" Scanner
~-^/

Value
9.75
74.7
14.5
2.375
90.5
0
20.75
3.125
173.0
0
30.25
4.75
380.5
0
53
90
4
0
0
13.25
553
30.25
718.7
25
12.0
0.40
|£
M
Observation
„ , , Ports
Splash i J
"i Ignitor >
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   Table 5.    Preliminary Utility Prototype Burner Dimensions

   	Design Variable	

                                     Nominal Value
  Fuel Injector
    Nozzle Diameter, in.
    Primary Area, in.2
    Setback, in.
  Inner Secondary Channel
    Outer Diameter, in.
    Annulus Thickness, in.
    Area,  in.2
    Setback, in.
  Outer Secondary Channel
    Outer Diameter, in.
    Annulus Thickness, in.
    Area,  in.2
    Setback, in.
  Tertiary Ducts
    Distance from Burner £, in.
    Spacing Around Burner, degrees
    Number of Ports
    Axial Position, in.
    Injection Angle, degrees
    Length x Width, in.
    Total Area, in.2
  Throat and Exit
    Throat Diameter, in.
    Throat Area, in.2
    Half Angle of Exit. in.
    Length of Exit,  in.
    Length/Diameter	  	
                                         15.25
                                        182.6
                                          3.0

                                         25.0
                                          4.875
                                        308.0
                                          5.0

                                         32.0
                                          3.5
                                        313.4
                                          5.0

                                         48.0
                                          90
                                          4
                                          0
                                          0
                                      22.0 x  12.0
                                       1065.0

                                         32.0
                                        804.0
                                         25
                                          7
                                          0.219
     B. Folsom and P. Nelson are with Energy and Environmental Research Corp.,
       Irvine, CA 92714; J. Vatskyis with Foster Wheeler Energy Corp., Livingston, NJ
       07039; and E. Campobenedetto is with Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation
       Div., Barberton, OH 44203.
     G. Blair Martin is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
     The complete report, entitled "Distributed Mixing Burner (DMB) Engineering
       Design for Application to Industrial and Utility Boilers," (Order No. PB 84-163
       260; Cost: $16.00, subject to change) wilt be available only from:
             National Technical Information Service
             5285 Port Royal Road
             Springfield,  VA 22161
              Telephone: 7O3-487-465O
     The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
             Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
             Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
     Center for Environmental Research
     Information
     Cincinnati OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
 vf


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                                                                                       U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1964-759-102/926

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