United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Research
Laboratory
Athens GA 30613
Research and Development
EPA/600/S3-85/077 Jan. 1986
&EPA Project Summary
Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM) Bibliography
W. C. Huber, J. P. Heaney, and B. A. Cunningham
Literature sources were reviewed to
collect references to the theory, docu-
mentation, use, or other activities re-
lated to the EPA Storm Water Manage-
ment Model (SWMM). Listed in this
annotated bibliography are 237 such ci-
tations, along with keywords and brief
abstracts. The references also are in-
dexed by an alphabetical listing of key-
words. The bibliography represents the
best source of information on case
studies and model documentation
available to the SWMM user.
This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, GA, to announce
key findings of the research project that
is fully documented in a separate report
of the same title (see Project Report
ordering information at back).
Introduction
The EPA Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM), developed in 1971,
was one of the first sophisticated
models for analyzing stormwater qual-
ity and quantity problems. The program
is not only important in its own right but
also has served as an example for de-
velopers of other models. It is, in fact,
the standard against which most newer
models are compared. There are many
examples in the literature (and in recent
advertisements for microcomputer pro-
grams) in which a new model is vali-
dated against SWMM.
The original model was prepared dur-
ing 1969-71 by a joint venture of three
EPA contractors: Metcalf and Eddy, Inc.
(Palo Alto CA), the University of Florida
(Gainesville), and Water Resources En-
gineers, Inc. (Walnut Creek CA). Since
1972, SWMM has been maintained and
updated through efforts of all three orig-
inal contractors, but especially through
EPA-sponsored work at the University
of Florida. This activity has benefitted
greatly from feedback from a large
number of model users. In this manner,
errors have been corrected and needed
improvements provided that might oth-
erwise not have been recognized.
This report focuses on literature re-
lated only to SWMM in the form of re-
ports, journal articles, conference pro-
ceedings, etc. In the process of
compiling this bibliography, a number
of other models are mentioned, but this
bibliography does not attempt to docu-
ment the use of other models.
SWMM Users Group
The EPA Stormwater and Water Qual-
ity Model Users Group plays a key role
in the dissemination of information
about SWMM and several other models
and modeling topics. It is operated by
the EPA Center for Water Quality Model-
ing in Athens, GA, which is generally in
charge of water quality mode) develop-
ment, dissemination and support within
the agency.
The Center publishes a newsletter
and is responsible for dissemination of
several water quality models, including
SWMM, HSPF, QUAL-II, ARM, WASP,
and EXAMS. The Center also sponsors
workshops and seminars on the various
models.
The Center's most important function
has perhaps been to sponsor meetings
of the Users Group, at which papers on
any topic related to hydrologic model-
ing are presented and later published in
the form of proceedings. The meetings
are cosponsored by Environment
Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the
Environment and are usually held semi-
annually. The papers often represent
the most useful kind of modeling aid
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because of their informal nature and un-
restricted content. This bibliography
contains many citations from the pro-
ceedings of SWMM meetings. The
other valuable function of the meetings
is direct contact among model users. It
is primarily through the Users Group
that invaluable feedback has been pro-
vided for the maintenance and improve-
ment of SWMM.
Bibliography Format
The bibliography, developed early in
1985, consists of 237 listings along with
associated keywords. A small number
of additional SWMM-related references
that were identified late in the search
procedure are included in the listing,
but keywords for these references are
not included in the index.
Entries to the bibliography were ob-
tained from several sources: computer
searches, individual review of journal
indexes, review of EPA reports and
those from other agencies, review of
Florida Water Resources Research Cen-
ter library holdings, review of confer-
ence proceedings, etc. It is recognized
that the bibliography may overlook
some citations. It is especially difficult to
be cognizant of all the relevant foreign
literature.
W. C. Huber, J. P. Heaney, and B. A. Cunningham are with the University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
T. O. Barn well. Jr.. is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)
Bibliography," (Order No. PB 86-136041 /A S; Cost: $11.95. subject to change)
will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Athens, GA 30613
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S3-85/077
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