United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas NV89193
Research and Development
EPA/600/S4-87/015 July 1987
oEPA Project Summary
Hazardous Waste in Selected
Florida Counties
Roy C. Herndon and John E. Moerlins
The purpose of this report is to
provide data to the USEPA on the use
of sanitary landfills (Subtitle D facili-
ties) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators.
This report was completed in two
stages. Each stage of the project
resulted in a three volume interim
report. The first interim report contains
data on 21 counties, and the second
interim report contains data on 22
additional counties. The first interim
report consists of a volume called
Study Area Data which contains the
data aggregated across the 21 counties
covered in the first interim report, and
two volumes containing data at the
individual county level for these 21
counties. The second interim report
also includes a volume called Study
Area Data, but in this volume, the data
are aggregated across all 43 counties,
including the 21 counties covered in
the first interim report. The other two
volumes of the second interim report
contain data at the individual county
level for those 22 additional counties.
Each county is described in terms of
location, economic profile, and demo-
graphic characteristics. In addition,
information is provided on all permitted
sanitary landfills that are currently
active in the county. Counties in Florida
vary considerably in terms of geogra-
phic size and location, population level
and growth, economic profile, geology,
and waste management facilities. As a
result, the data may be quite different
from one county to the next. There are
67 counties in Florida, and the 43
included in this report represent more
than 90 percent of total state popula-
tion and manufacturing activity. This
report contains survey data from
approximately 12,000 hazardous
waste generators that reside in 488
industries as defined by 4-digit Stand-
ard Industrial Classification (SIC)
codes. The waste generation data are
from small quantity generators as
defined by 40 CFR Part 260.10. The
hazardous waste data are cross tabu-
lated and displayed in the following 7
configurations: types of wastes gener-
ated (26 types); management methods
used (14 methods); types of wastes
disposed in sanitary landfills; SIC
generating waste; types of wastes
generated by SIC; management
methods used by SIC; and waste types
by SIC by management method. The
last cross-tabulation consists of 14 sub
cross tabulations, i.e., one for each
management method. There are iden-
tical sets of cross tabulations for the
aggregated data and for each of the
individual county data (i.e., each
county has a set of 7 cross-tabulated
tables).
This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Laboratory. Las Vegas,
NV. to announce key findings of the
research project that is fully docu-
mented in six separate volumes of the
same title (see Project Report ordering
information at back).
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Introduction
The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments to RCRA require the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to complete a study of the current
Subtitle 0 programs in the States and
to report to Congress within 36 months
of enactment. The study is to evaluate
the current criteria regarding protection
of public health and the environment
from problems associated with ground-
water contamination. The study is to
include a detailed assessment of the
groundwater monitoring programs at
Subtitle D facilities as well as a recom-
mendation to Congress concerning what
enforcement authorities are needed to
properly implement the program.
After completion of the study prepared
for Congress, the EPA is to revise, where
necessary, the criteria for facilities that
receive household and small quantity
generator hazardous waste. The revi-
sions are to include all steps necessary
to protect human health and the envir-
onment. The amendments specify that,
at a minimum, the revisions should
require the groundwater monitoring
necessary to detect contamination.
Information on the types and quantities
of hazardous waste that typically enter
Subtitle D facilities is important in order
to properly design monitoring systems to
detect contamination. The 1984 RCRA
amendments require the States to adopt
and to implement permitting programs
that are to be approved by the EPA or
that are equivalent or similar to the
Federal program as defined by current
or revised criteria.
An important component in assessing
groundwater monitoring programs at
Subtitle D facilities involves the acqui-
sition of data on the composition of
wastes managed at these facilities. The
purpose of this study is to provide the
EPA with data on potentially hazardous
waste generated and managed by small
quantity generators in Florida as well as
with information on sanitary landfills in
Florida. The data contained in this report
were acquired from approximately
12,000firms and agencies in Florida. The
survey of these firms was constructed
to allow respondents to identify RCRA-
regulated hazardous wastes that they
generate. The data contained in this
report reflect the wastes produced and
managed by small quantity hazardous
waste generators as defined in 40 CFR
Part 260.10. The sanitary landfills
described in the study are those that
reside in the counties that have provided
the hazardous waste generation and
management data.
The study also contains data on 488
classifications (i.e., industries) of small
quantity generators that are disposing of
potentially hazardous wastes in sanitary
landfills in Florida, including firms
engaged in agriculture, forestry, con-
struction, manufacturing, transportation
and utilities, wholesale trade, retail
trade, services, and educational services.
Generator industries are defined by the
four-digit SIC codes. The study data link
the types and quantities of potentially
hazardous waste that is produced and
managed to those industries generating
the wastes.
The second interim report (May 1986)
consists of two parts: Study Area Data
and County Data. The individual County
Data is presented in two volumes. The
Study Area Data volume consists of a set
of tables for all data aggregated across
the 43 counties included in the two
interim reports. The hazardous waste
tables included in the report are the
following:
• Types and Amounts of Hazardous
Waste Generated
• Hazardous Waste Management
Methods Used
• Hazardous Waste Disposed in Sani-
tary Landfills
• Hazardous Waste Generated by
Standard Industrial Classification
• Hazardous Waste Types Generated by
Standard Industrial Classification
• Hazardous Waste Management
Methods Used by Standard Industrial
Classification
• Hazardous Waste Types by Standard
Industrial Classification by Waste
Management Method
The waste generation and manage-
ment data consist primarily of responses
from small quantity hazardous waste
generators. However, some of the county
data are not separated by large quantity
generator data and by small quantity
generator data. Overall, the portion of
large quantity generator waste in these
data is not significant.
In addition, the report contains infor-
mation on sanitary landfills that are
receiving potentially hazardous wastes.
Information on these sanitary landfills
were obtained from the facility permits.
The sanitary landfill information is
summarized and displayed in tabular
form and is constructed from a list of 21
characteristics. These sanitary landfill
characteristics are the following:
Class of Landfill
Responsible
Authority
Design Capacity
Population Served
Disposal Method
Waste Types
Accepted
Land Owner
Total Acreage
Disposal Acreage
Waste per Day
Accepted
Years in Operation
Gas Control Used
Cell Depth
Depth to Water
Table
Soil Permeability
Liner Material
Number of Moni-
toring Wells
Number of Sur-
face Monitoring
Points
Approved
Groundwater
Monitoring Plan
Adjacent Land
Use
Landfill Type
The volume entitled Study Area Data
contains information concerning the
number of sanitary landfills in each
county, the classes of sanitary landfills
in each county, and average values of
selected landfill characteristics. The
data presented in this report are only for
sanitary landfills that are currently in
use (i.e., permit status: active).
Methodology
The data in the report were collected
at the county level under a statewide
hazardous waste assessment program.
The data are presented in tabular form
by amount, type, waste, management
method, and Standard Industrial Classi-
fication (SIC). Some deficiencies exist in
the data and these deficiencies are made
explicit in the text of the report. These
deficiencies, however, do not signifi-
cantly affect the conclusions contained
in the report.
Waste amounts are in units of pounds
for the county data and in units of tons
for the study area aggregated data. There
are 26 waste types, 14 waste manage-
ment methods, and 488 four-digit SICs
used in the report.
In the volumes entitled County Data,
there is one table for each active sanitary
landfill in each county. These tables
contain information on the 21 summary
characteristics for each sanitary landfill.
These summary characteristics have
been extracted from the facility permits.
The study area shown in Figure 1
consists of 43 of the 67 counties in
Florida. The counties included in the
study area are the following:
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0 25 50 75 100
Scale in Miles
Figure 1. Project study area. (Counties included in the project study area are shaded.)
nomic activities occurring in the county.
Overall, the 43 counties in the study
area contain 93 percent of the population
of Florida and 94 percent of the manu-
facturing activities of Florida as mea-
sured by value added in manufacturing.
The waste-related data and characteris-
tics of sanitary landfills in the study area
provide a comprehensive representation
of small quantity hazardous waste
generation and management in Florida.
Florida has a large concentration of these
smaller hazardous waste generators
relative to many other states. This is due,
in part, to the overall economic profile
of Florida and to its relatively high growth
rate. In terms of assessing nationwide
hazardous waste disposal in sanitary
landfills by small quantity generators,
these data are particularly useful.
Results
The hazardous waste generator data
for counties in the study area have been
aggregated and displayed in seven tables
in the report. These tables provide
Baker
Bay
Brevard
Broward
Charlotte
Clay
Collier
Dade
De Soto
Duval
Escambia
Flagler
Glades
Hardee
Hendry
Highlands
Hillsborough
Holmes
Indian River
Lake
Lee
Leon
Manatee
Martin
Monroe
Nassau
Okaloosa
Okeechobee
Orange
Osceola
Palm Beach
Pasco
Pinellas
Polk
Putnam
St. Johns
St. Lucie
Santa Rosa
Sarasota
Seminole
Volusia
Walton
Washington
These counties are diverse in terms of
population, location, and economic
profile. These counties consist of highly
populated areas, urban areas, rural
areas, coastal and non-coastal areas,
industrialized areas with varied manu-
facturing activities, and areas that are
relatively non-industrialized. In the
volumes entitled County Data, each
county in the study area is described in
terms of location, population, and eco-
information on the hazardous waste
generation and management practices of
smaller hazardous waste generators in
Florida, particularly as they relate to the
use of sanitary landfills for disposal of
these wastes. Although not currently
regulated as a hazardous waste under
RCRA, waste oils have been included in
the data.
The following tables contain aggre-
gated survey data for all 43 counties in
its study area. Table 1 shows the types
and amounts of hazardous waste
reported generated in the study area. The
total amount of small quantity generator
waste reported generated was 118,896
tons. In terms of weight, the major types
of waste generated are "Waste Oils,
Lubricants," "Lead-Acid Batteries,"
"Spent Solvents," "Acidic or Alkaline
Wastes," "Rinses with Heavy Metals,"
"Photographic Wastes," "Sludges with
Heavy Metals," "Other," and "Dust with
Heavy Metals."
Table 2 shows the practices reported
to have been used to manage these
wastes and shows how the various waste
management practices were applied to
the total amount of waste (118,896 tons).
The primary waste management practi-
ces that are reported to be used are
"Recycled," "City, Cty., Pvt. Hauler to
Landfill" (sanitary landfill regulated
under Subtitle D of the RCRA), "Other
Methods," "Discharged to a Public
Sewer," "Treated by Filtration," "Treated
by Neutralization," and "Sent to a
Subtitle C Facility." The categories "City,
Cty., Pvt. Hauler to Landfill" (27,928 tons)
and "Generator Takes Waste to Landfill"
(1,139 tons) relate to disposal in a
sanitary landfill permitted under Subtitle
D of the RCRA. The total amount of waste
reported sent to a sanitary landfill in the
study area is 29,067 tons. The category
"Sent to a Subtitle C Facility" relates to
wastes managed at facilities permitted
by the EPA (or a state) to accept hazard-
ous waste. (Most of the hazardous waste
in Florida that is commercially disposed
or is treated at a Subtitle C facility is sent
out of state.) The category "Incinerated"
relates to the use of a non-hazardous
waste incinerator (e.g., a hospital incin-
erator). The category "Other Methods"
includes any method not otherwise
specified.
Table 3 shows the total amount of
hazardous waste disposed of annually in
the 123 sanitary landfills in the study
area (29,067 tons). In terms of weight.
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the major types of waste disposed of in
sanitary landfills are "Waste Oils, Lub-
ricants," "Lead-Acid Batteries," "Spent
Solvents," "Other," "Sludges with
Heavy Metals," "Dust with Heavy
Metals," "Acidic or Alkaline Wastes,"
"Rinses with Heavy Metals," and "Ignit-
able Wastes."
The remaining four summary tables
from the May 1986 interim report are
not included in the report summary.
These remaining tables show in units of
tons the amounts of waste generated by
SIC; types of waste generated by man-
agement method; and, for each manage-
ment method, the types of waste by SIC.
All the tables in the report that show data
sorted by SIC, contain the appropriate
four-digit numerical code as well as a
description of the classification.
On average, each of the 123 sanitary
landfills in the study area serves a
population of approximately 100,000
people; is between 80-120 acres in size;
has a cell depth of 12 feet; has a depth
to water table of 20 feet; has a soil
permeability of 18 inches per hour; has
6 groundwater monitoring wells and 2
surface water points; and has adjacent
land that is agricultural.
Conclusion
These data have been compiled to
assist the USEPA in evaluating facilities
regulated under Subtitle D of RCRA and
specifically in evaluating sanitary land-
fills so that appropriate groundwater
monitoring systems can be established
at these facilities. The data contained in
this report will further assist the USEPA
in defining the problems associated with
hazardous waste disposal in sanitary
landfills and with other management
methods used by small quantity gener-
ators of hazardous waste. In addition,
these data can provide information that
the agency can use in determining the
regulatory status of waste oil in the
context of RCRA concerns.
Table 1. Study Area Data, Types and Amounts of Hazardous Waste Generated Annually
(in Tons)*
Waste Type
Waste Pesticides
Washing Solutions
Empty Pesticide Containers
Spent Solutions from Dipping
Other Pesticide Solutions
Dust with Heavy Metals
Rinses with Heavy Metals
Sludges with Heavy Metals
Waste Ink
Ignitable Paint Waste
Paint Wastes with Heavy Metals
Spent Solvents
Solvent Still Bottoms
Dry Cleaning Filters
Cyanide Wastes
Acidic or Alkaline Wastes
Spent Plating Wastes
Waste Ammonia
Photographic Wastes
Ignitable Wastes
Wood Preservatives
Waste Formaldehyde
Lead-Acid Batteries
Waste Explosives
Waste Oils. Lubricants
Other
Total
Waste
Amount
360
862
814
11
184
2361
8264
6768
675
2197
680
12674
578
188
665
10381
2049
585
5902
1598
142
202
15877
58
42259
3548
1 18896
Percent
of Total
0.303
0.725
0.685
0.010
0.155
1.987
6.951
4.852
0.568
1.848
0.572
10.660
0.487
0.158
0.560
8.732
1.724
0.493
4.964
1.345
0.120
0.170
13.355
0.049
35.543
2.985
100.000
"This table contains information on the
the Project Summary.
43 counties listed in the "Methodology" section of
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Table 2. Study Area Data, Hazardous
Management Practice
City, Cty., Pvt. Hauler to Landfill
Generator Takes Waste to Landfill
Generator Buries Waste on Property
Disposed in Pit, Pond, or Lagoon
Sent to a Subtitle C Facility
Discharged to a Public Sewer
Discharged to a Septic Tank
Recycled
Burned or Blended for Fuel
Incinerated
Injected into a Well
Treated by Filtration
Treated by Neutralization
Other Methods
Total
Waste Management Practices fin
Waste
Amount
27928
1139
1462
1279
3998
10690
2010
40377
942
1241
364
4789
4213
18459
118896
Tons)*
Percent
of Total
23.489
0.9S8
1.230
1.076
3.363
8.991
1.691
33.960
0.792
1.044
0.306
4.028
3.543
15.525
1 00.000
'This table contains information on the 43 counties listed in the "Methodology" section of
the Project Summary.
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Table 3. Study Area Data, Hazardous
Tons)*
Waste Type
Waste Pesticides
Washing Solutions
Empty Pesticide Containers
Spent Solutions from Dipping
Other Pesticide Solutions
Dust with Heavy Metals
Rinses with Heavy Metals
Sludges with Heavy Metals
Waste Ink
Ignitable Paint Waste
Paint Wastes with Heavy Metals
Spent Solvents
Solvent Still Bottoms
Dry Cleaning Filters
Cyanide Wastes.
Acidic or Alkaline Wastes
Spent Plating Wastes
Waste Ammonia
Photographic Wastes
Ignitable Wastes
Wood Preservatives
Waste Formaldehyde
Lead-Acid Batteries
Waste Explosives
Waste Oils. Lubricants
Other
Total
Waste Disposed in
Waste
Amount
44
68
314
0
27
1094
1016
1362
136
543
347
3281
159
111
28
1069
54
4
275
716
113
13
3369
10
13173
1729
29067
Sanitary Landfills Annually (in
Percent
of Total
0.153
0.235
1.083
0.000
0.095
3.767
3.498
4.688
0.469
1.869
1.195
1 1.289
0.548
0.382
0.097
3.679
0.189
0.016
0.948
2.466
0.389
0.045
1 1.594
0.034
45.322
5.951
100.000
*This table contains information on the 43 counties listed in the "Methodology" section of
the Project Summary.
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Roy C. Herndon and John E. Moerlins are with Florida State University.
Tallahassee, FL 32306-4016.
Victor W. Lambou is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report consists of six volumes, entitled "Hazardous Waste in
Selected Florida Counties:"
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, First Interim
Report,"(Order No. PB 87-193 42I/AS; Cost: $54.95)
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, First Interim Report,
Volume I.," (Order No. PB 87-193 439/AS; Cost: $60.95)
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, First Interim Report,
Volume II. " (Order No. PB 87-193 447/AS; Cost: $72.95)
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim
Report," (Order No. PB 87-193 454/AS; Cost: $78.95)
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim
Report, Volume I.."(Order No. PB 87-193 462/AS; Cost: $72.95)
"Generator Data and Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim
Report, Volume II.," (Order No. PB 87-193 470/AS; Cost: $84.95)
The above reports will be available only from: (costs subject to change)
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
-
£210103 i.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S4-87/015
0000329 PS
CHICAGO
STREET
XL 60604
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