United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA-600/S7-82-065a Mar. 1983
<&Efir\ Project Summary
The Adipic Acid Enhanced Flue
Gas Desulfurization Process for
Industrial Boilers:
Volume 1. Field Test Results
P. A. Clarke, R. W. Gerstle, D. S. Henzel, K. W. Mason, and S. R. Sabatini
This study evaluated the effect of
adding adipic acid on the SCfe removal of
a wet limestone flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) system on a coal-fired industrial
boiler at Rickenbacker Air National
Guard Base near Columbus, OH. Emis-
sion data were collected in accordance
with the regulations for SOa compliance
data specified in the Federal Register.
Test results show that adding adipic
acid to the limestone slurry significant-
ly improved the SOj removal efficiency
of the FGD system. Limited baseline
data on operations with limestone only
indicated a performance level of 55
percent SO2 removal. Adding about
2200 ppm of adipic acid to the lime-
stone scrubbing systems, the unit's level
of performance increased to an average
of 94.3 percent SO2 removal which was
maintained within a standard deviation
of 2.2 percent over a 30-day test period
during which boiler load was 70 - 130
million Btu/hr and gas throughput
varied 300 percent.
This Project Summary was devel-
oped by EPA's Industrial Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory. Research Tri-
angle Park. NC, to announce key find-
ings of the research project that is fully
documented in a separate report of the
same title (see Project Report ordering
information at back).
Introduction
The report describes how the addition
of adipic acid to a wet limestone scrubber
system affects sulfur dioxide (S02) re-
moval efficiency. The site selected for
the test, Rickenbacker Air National Guard
Base (RANGB) near Columbus, OH, has
six spreader-stoker boilers with a total
capacity of 222 GJ/h (210 x 106 Btu/h).
The boilers produce hot water, primarily
for space heating. S02 emissions are
controlled by a scrubber system manu-
factured by Research-Cottrell under
license from A. B. Bahco of Sweden. The
FGD system, shown in Figure 1, consists
of a mechanical collector, Swedish Bahco
scrubber tower, limestone storage and
handling system, clarifier (thickener),
booster fan, sludge disposal pond, and
associated ductwork, pumps, and con-
trols. Table 1 gives key design parame-
ters for the scrubbing system. During the
test a mechanical dry feeder introduced
the adipic acid into the scrubber system
at the same location where fresh lime-
stone is added.
Untreated flue gas from the individual
boilers enters a common header equipped
with a bypass stack and is fed through a
mechanical collector for primary removal
of particulates. The design removal effi-
ciency of the mechanical collector is 70
percent. A fan then introduces the par-
tially cleaned flue gas into the scrubbing
tower for SC>2 removal.
The Bahco scrubber is a tower con-
sisting of two inverted venturi scrubbing
stages. Untreated gas entering the first
stage is diverted down to impinge on the
liquid slurry surface of the mill. The gas
then rises through the first stage venturi,
where it intimately mixes with the slurry
droplets now entrained in it The partially
scrubbed gas is then diverted down onto
the liquid slurry surface in the second-
-------
Table 1. Design Process Information for Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base
Scrubbing System
Total rating
Number of boilers
Boiler capacity
Number of separate FGD units
Control system vendor
Type of FGD system
Start-up date
SO2 removal efficiencies
Paniculate removal efficiency
Water makeup
Sludge or by-product disposal
2600 Nm3/s f55,000 scfm)
6
222 GJ/h (210 x 1& Btu/h)
1
Research- Cottrell/Bahco
Retrofit
March 1976
90%+ design with lime operation; lower
with limestone operation
98% design
Open loop
Unstabi/ized CaS03/SO4 sludge to lined
pond
stage pan, and the process is repeated.
The treated gas is then directed up into a
cyclonic mist eliminator, where entrained
slurry droplets are removed before the
gas exits through a stub stack to the
atmosphere.
A certified extractive continuous emis-
sion monitor (CEM) system and an onsite
computer measured and recorded con-
centrations of SC>2 and 02 in the flue gas
stream. Equipment at RANGB includes a
continuous SOa monitoring system on
the scrubber, which was used during the
test after some maintenance work and
calibration. Research Triangle Institute,
under contract to EPA, audited the moni-
toring system on March 5 and 6, 1981,
and found it to be operating properly.
Both the certification (based on Federal
Register procedures) and internal audits
(based on certified 862 and 02 gases)
showed that the monitors were operating
properly. Some problems entailing un-
scheduled maintenance were encoun-
tered during the initial 168-hour monitor
conditioning period. Also, on March 20 a
small leak was discovered in the SO2
monitor internal valving system. Appar-
ently, rich inlet gas had leaked through
this valve into the outlet gas sample
stream, causing a slightly higher outlet
SC>2 concentration reading and corres-
pondingly lower calculated SO2 removal
efficiency. The extent of the leak was
determined by introducing audit gases
and making manual S02 tests of the flue
gases; a correction factor was applied to
the outlet readings from March 18 until
the leak was repaired on April 3.
Test Procedure
The adipic acid test period at RANGB
was from February 9 to April 10, 1981,
during which time the equipment was set
up and calibrated and data were collected
The monitoring equipment began operat-
ing on February 13, but the first few
weeks of the test were used for shake-
down and calibration of the monitors. The
data collected included measured SC>2
and 02 concentrations in the gas stream
at the scrubber inlet and outlet and
chemical analyses of the scrubber slurry,
limestone, and coal. Scrubber and boiler
operating conditions were recorded sev-
eral times daily.
The adipic acid feeder was set up for
continuous addition of the adipic acid to
the slaker--the same location at which
fresh limestone is added. When large
quantities were necessary to increase
slurry concentrations, the adipic acid was
manually introduced directly into the
thickener tank because the sudden addi-
tion of adipic acid in large quantities to
the slaker caused foaming in the slurry.
This did not occur in the thickener.
Slurry was analyzed at the site, but
periodic samples were also checked at
the Base laboratory for quality control.
The adipic acid analytical procedure uti-
lized silicic acid and provided the con-
centration of all carboxylic acids, not just
adipic. As indicated by the numbers in
Figure 1, liquid samples were taken at
(1)the limestone slurry feed into the
scrubber, (2) the second-stage level tank,
(3) the mill recycle loop (known as the'
mill pump sample), (4) the thickener inlet
stream, (5) the thickener overflow, and
(6) the thickener underflow stream. Be-
cause the limestone slurry feed sample
was used as a control sample, it was
taken twice a day. The mill pump sample
was taken once a day, and samples were
taken from all six locations once a week.
Slurry solid samples, taken by filtering
samples from the liquid sample streams,
included the limestone slurry feed (once a
week), the thickener inlet (three times a
week), and the thickener underflow(once
a week, usually while sludge was being
pumped to the settling pond). Coal
samples were taken once a day, and
limestone samples were taken once a
week. The coal samples were combined
into weekly composites before being
analyzed.
For highest S02 removal efficiency,
best limestone utilization, and most effi-
cient use of adipic acid, optimum scrubber
operation was maintained by keeping the
pH of the limestone dissolver tank slurry
near 5.0. This was done by manually
adjusting the limestone feed rate to
correspond with changes in the boiler
load. Except during occasional upsets in
scrubber operations, the adipic acid feed
rate remained constant at a concentra-
tion of 2000 - 2500 ppm throughout the
test. On March 20 and 21 the limestone
feed rate and adipic acid concentrations
were increased in an effort to achieve still
higher S02 removal efficiency.
From March 4 to April 10 the test was
interrupted only twice because of scrub-
ber operation. On March 23 the electrical
power to the scrubber was interrupted,
and on March 30 the scrubber was shut
down because the thickener tank had
plugged (apparently as the result of some
plastic sheeting) and remained down
until 8 a.m. on April 1. On April 10 the
addition of adipic acid was stopped, and
the continuous monitoring program was
terminated. Sufficient data had been
accumulated by that time, and warmer
weather was resulting in increasingly
reduced boiler loads.
Quality Assurance Plan for
Continuous Monitoring
PEDCo performed a quality assurance
check on the continuous emission moni-
toring system (CEMS) to ensure the reli-
ability of the data collected. The check
consisted of two distinct but equal func-
tions: (1) assessment of the quality of
the CEMS data by estimating precision
and accuracy, and (2) the control and
improvement of the quality of the CEMS
data by implementng quality control
policies and corrective actions. The
second function was related to the first in
that determination of data quality inade-
quacy resulted in an increase in the
quality control effort until the data were
considered acceptable.
The field operations included stan-
dard daily procedures for ensuring that
the following activities were performed
adequately.
Calibration of the CEMS
The CEMS was calibrated with gases of
known S02 concentrations. Two gases
and ambient air were run through the
analyzer for each test mode (inlet and
outlet). The results of each were re-
-------
Sfac* •
Adipic
Acid
Feeder .
Limestone — — J|
Feeder Tl—I
Limestone,
Truck
~"b
Makeup
Water
t
t
Outlet SO2 Probe
Thickener
.Limestone
Storage
Overflow to
Limestone
Feed
Tank
To Mill
Sump
Seal
Water
Sludge
To Pond
• Bypass
Makeup Stack
Flue Gas
From Heat
Plant
Unloading
Station
Mill Pump
Recycle From
Thickener Underflow
Figure 1. Flow diagram of the scrubber system at ftickenbacker.
corded, and any necessary adjustments
were made.
All activities involved in routine cali-
bration and adjustment of the CEMS were
recorded daily in a standard calibration
data log.
Calibration of Drift
Determination
Daily initial calibration readings for all
CEMS zero and span values were com-
pared with the final calibration readings
of the preceding day to determine if any
change had occurred in 24 hours. Seven
consecutive sets of these initial/final
readings were recorded for each parame-
ter to determine 24-hour drift
Preventive Maintenance for
CEMS
The CEMS was regularly inspected for
problems that might lead to loss in opera-
bility or data quality. Each day the four
separate systems of the CEMS were
checked independently: the SO2 analy-
zer, the 02 analyzer, the instrument
recorders, and the sampling interface.
Program of Corrective Action for
Malfunctioning CEMS
Any CEMS malfunctions discovered
during preventive maintenance checks
prompted immediate corrective action. A
complete log of all CEMS malfunctions
and corrective actions was maintained.
Accuracy Assessment
PEDCo performed relative accuracy
tests on the CEMS according to EPA
reference methods and system audits
with EPA-tested audit gases based on
Standard Reference Materials (SRM).
Figures 2 and 3 show the locations of
the CEM probes and reference method
sampling ports for the inlet and outlet
Inlet and outlet sampling locations were
selected to represent the streams tested
and to achieve equivalence between
manual and CEMS samples.
Performance Specification Test Regu-
lations require that a minimum of 9 and a
maximum of 12 sets of reference method
data be taken at a rate of no more than
one set per hour. Regulations also require
that the analyzer monitor stack gas
concentrations continuously during refer-
ence method testing.
All data derived using the reference
method and the continuous monitor are
given on a dry basis; a moisture correc-
tion factor is used to give results on a
consistent basis. SO? and oxygen tests
were run simultaneously. The CEM anal-
ysis of moisture content was determined
by measuring the temperature of a sample
taken after the moisture trap in the samp-
-------
Reference Method
Sample Ports
Continuous Reference
;*.» A
lathnei
Probe Ports
i
Induced
Draft
Fan
I
76 cm £
V
. IT
nl
JO in.) H
11
J
^r^^"Tr"
f
129.5 cm
(51 in.)
•
— J — ^
u 722 cm frL — 760 c/r?_.
1 (48 in.)
(63 in.)
Scrubber
Module
Figure 2. Scrubber inlet sampling locations.
ling system. Moisture content was then
calculated because the gas stream being
analyzed was saturated.
Tables 2 and 3 give the relative accura-
cy data for the initial certification period.
Relative accuracy, based on nine sets of
reference method data, was calculated
according to equations in Section 7,
Appendix B, Federal Register, Vol. 44,
No. 197. These calculations showed that
the relative accuracy at the inlet was 1.72
percent (based on S02 concentrations)
and 7.30 percent (with S02 expressed on
a weight per heat input basis). The
corresponding values at the scrubber
outlet were 18.67 and 16.43 percent,
respectively.
Performance Audits
Performance audits were conducted to
maintain quality control throughout the
monitoring period. Audit gases certified
by the EPA were introduced at the
scrubber inlet through a manifold pres-
surized to 3.39 kPa(1 in. Hg) to duplicate
sampling conditions. Audit gases were
introduced at the scrubber outlet through
an open-end manifold at ambient atmos-
pheric pressure. No adjustments were
made to the analyzer flow rates. Analyzer
response to audit concentrations was
determined by the computer used for
storage and retrieval of the emission
monitoring data. Results of these tests
showed excellent agreement between
the audit gas concentrations and analyzer
readings for SOa and oxygen at both the
inlet and outlet
Results
Table 4 summarizes the daily average
SOa monitoring data for those 30 days
when 18 hours or more of acceptable
readings were obtained and high effi-
ciency was achieved. These data show
that 94.3 percent was the mean
removal efficiency, with a corresponding
standard deviation of 2.1. These data do
not include days when the limestone feed
rate was low or when other known
operating problems occurred. The emis-
sion values are based on an F factor of
2.63 x 10'7 m3/J (9780 dscf/106 Btu).
The average inlet SOa loading for the test
period was 2125 ng/J (4.94 lb/106 Btu)
of heat input to the boiler; whereas, the
average SOa outlet value measured was
122 ng/J (0.28 lb/106 Btu). Limited data
obtained on February 12 - 16, before
adding adipic acid, showed scrubber
removal efficiency of 45 - 65 percent.
Analyses of the coal burned during the
initial monitor operating period and the
test period are shown in Table 5. These
data show that the coal sulfur content
during the continuous monitoring period
was 2.22 - 3.55 percent by weight on a
dry basis. Based on these data, the calcu-
lated SOa emission rate (assuming that
95 percent of the sulfur is converted to
SO2) was 1299 - 2210 ng/J (3.02 - 5.14
lb/106 Btu).
The average daily feed rates for lime-
stone and adipic acid for the entire test
period are shown in Table 6. This table
also gives the quantity of coal used per
day, which indicates the variation in
boiler load. From March 4 to April 10,
1981, coal usage varied from 60.8 to 138
Mg/day (55 to 125 tons/day), reflecting
the effect of changes in daily temperature
on the boiler heat output demand. Of
particular interest is the ratio of adipic
acid to limestone used to maintain the
high SOa removal efficiencies during the
test the ratio varied from 6 to 30 g/kg(12
to 60 Ib/ton) and averaged 1 2 g/kg (24
Ib/ton). Uniform limestone and adipic
acid addition was difficult to maintain
because of the use of manual controls,
the varying boiler load, and the inter-
mittent discharge of sludge to the holding
pond.
Conclusions
The project resulted in the successful
completion of a certified continuous SOa
monitoring performance test which veri-
fied that the addition of adipic acid did
enhance the SOa removal capability of
the Rickenbacker FGD limestone control
unit without having any adverse effect on
operating parameters. Before the test,
this limestone scrubber was achieving
about 55 percent SOa removal. The
adipic acid additive increased the unit's
SOa removal efficiency to 90 - 97.4
percent (averaging 94.3 percent) over a
30-day test period.
-------
Reference
Method
Train
166.4 cm (65.5 in.)
Inside Diameter
Continuous
Monitor
Reference
Method
Sample
Port
Continuous
^ Monitor
Location
Figure 3. Scrubber outlet sampling locations.
Table 2.
Inlet Reference Method and CEM Results
Reference method
Monitor3
Test Vmb (std) (JO-4
No. Time NrrP
RIC-1 O749-O819 O.O251
RIC-2 0926-0951 O.0257
RIC-3 1010-1035 0.0254
RIC-4 1110-1135 0.0257
RIC-5 1210-1235 O.0254
RIC-6 1310-1335 0.0274
RIC-7 1410-1435 O.0277
RIC-8 1510-1535 0.0265
RIC-9 1610-1635 O.0278
RIC-10 1710-1735 0.0286
a Three monitor readings taken
(dscf)
(0.888)
(0.908)
(0.897)
(0.908)
(0.896)
(0.967)
(0.979)
(0.937)
(0.982)
(1.01)
g/Nm3
2.03
2.15
2.11
1.94
1.76
2.02
1.92
1.83
1.83
1.86
during reference
Ib/dscf)
(1.27)
(1.34)
(1.32)
(1.21)
(1. 10}
(1.26)
(1.20)
(1. 14)
(1. 14)
method run.
SO2,
ppm
775
816
802
734
671
766
753
693
697
703
(ib soy
ng/J
1965. 1
1849.0
1849.0
1840.4
1831.8
1763.0
1737.2
1732.9
1732.9
1775.9
Monitor readings
106 Btit
(4.57)
(4.30)
(4.28)
(4.28)
(4.26)
(4. 10)
(4.04)
(4.03)
(4.03)
(4. 13)
were then
<) %O2
15.2
14.5
14.6
15.1
15.6
14.6
14.6
15.1
15.1
15.1
averaged
S02,
ppm
753
803
805
736
668
793
768
694
689
707
for final
(ib soy
ng/J
1930. 7
2132.8
2029.6
1887. 7
1711.4
1874.8
1874.8
1874.8
1797.4
1724.3
emission
10s Btu)
(4.49)
(4.96)
(4. 72)
(4.39)
(3.98)
(4.36)
(4.36)
(4.36)
(4. 18)
(4.01)
results.
%02
14.9
15.1
14.8
14.9
14.9
14.4
14.6
15.2
15.0
14.6
b Vm = metered volume (dry basis).
-------
Table 3.
Outlet Reference Method and OEM Results
Reference method8
Monitor
Test
No.
ROC-1
ROC-2
ROC-3
ROC-4
ROC-5
ROC-6
ROC- 7
ROC-8
ROC-9
ROC- 10
ROC- 11
ROC-1 2
Time
0832-0857
0952-1017
1052-1117
1202-1227
1302-1327
1412-1437
1512-1537
1612-1637
1717-1742
1807-1832
1907-1932
2007-2032
Vmt>
Nm>
0.0270
0.0266
0.0263
0.0286
0.0284
0.0275
0.0278
0.0323
0.0289
0.0296
0.0298
0.0276
(std)
(dscf)
(0.952)
(0.941)
(0.930)
(1.01)
(1.002)
(0.972)
(0.982)
(1.14)
(1.022)
(1.046)
(1.053)
(0.973)
g/NrrP
0.072
0.051
0.091
0.062
0.061
0.087
0.075
0.067
0.062
0.088
0.095
0.088
(10*
Ib/dscf)
(0.045)
(0.032)
(0.057)
(0.039)
(0.038)
(0.054)
(0.047)
(0.042)
(0.039)
(0.055)
(0.059)
(0.055)
S02,
ppm
27.4
19.2
34.5
23.7
23.2
32.8
29.2
25.6
24.0
33.6
36.2
33.7
ng/J
63.2
43.4
78.6
54.6
52.4
67.9
64.5
55.4
57.2
80.8
82.5
68.8
(ib soy
1fj6 Btu)
(0. 147)
(0.101)
(0. 183)
(0. 127)
(0. 122)
(0. 158)
(0. 150)
(0. 129)
(0. 133)
(0. 188)
(0. 192)
(0. 160)
%02
14.6
14.4
14.5
14.5
14.5
13.9
14.2
14.2
14.9
14.9
14.6
13.9
S02,
ppm
26.6
39.2
40.2
29.0
29.2
33.1
35.3
34.1
20.1
36.3
34.6
37.4
ng/J
56.7
72.6
103.6
78.2
61.5
67.0
83.8
64.5
44.3
71.3
81.7
83.4
(Ib SO2/
1& Btu)
(0. 132)
(0. 169)
(0.241)
(0. 182)
(0. 143)
(0. 156)
(0. 195)
(0. 150)
(0. 103)
(0. 166)
(0. 190)
(0. 194)
%02
13.7
12.6
12.8
15.2
13.6
13.3
12.7
12.8
13.9
13.1
14.4
14.0
a Emission results based on use of 0.001
b Vm — metered volume (dry basis).
N barium perchlorate.
Tab/a 4. 30-Day Summary of SO2 Concentrations and Scrubber Efficiency
March-April 1981
Hours
Date CEM Data
March 4
March 5
March 6
March 7
March 8
March 9
March 10
March 1 1
March 12
March 14
March 15
March 20
March 21
March 22
March 24
March 25
March 26
March 27
March 28
March 29
March 30
April 2
April 3
April 4
April 5
April 6
April 7
April 8
April 9
April 10
Mean
Maximum
Minimum
STD DEV
% STD DEV
24
18
21
23
19
20
20
19
18
18
22
21
19
23
22
18
21
21
23
19
18
24
21
22
22
22
22
23
22
23
S02lnlet SO2 Outlet
lb/1& Btu ng/J Ib /10ft Btu ng/J
4.00
3.10
4.11
3.82
4.16
4.17
4.88
4.37
4.45
6.19
5.21
4.95
5.22
4.64
5.48
4.97
6.15
4.85
4.52
6.43
5.38
4.83
5.07
4.79
5.27
5.15
5.40
5.50
6.16
5.06
4.94
6.43
3.10
0.75
15.2
1719.8
1332.9
1767.1
1642.4
1788.6
1792.9
2098.2
1878.9
1913.3
2661.4
2240. 1
2128.3
2244.4
1995.0
2356. 1
2136.9
2644.2
2085.3
1943.4
2764.6
2313. 1
2O76. 7
2179.9
2059.5
2265.9
2214.3
2321.7
2364. 7
2648.5
2175.6
2125.1
2764.6
1332.9
323.1
15.2
0.30
0.14
0.24
0.30
0.37
0.27
0.27
0.21
0.22
0.45
0.30
0.32
0.15
0.25
0.55
0.32
0.32
0.29
0.43
0.61
0.36
0.14
0.13
0.18
0.33
0.19
0.17
0.21
0.34
0.16
0.28
0.61
0.13
0.12
41.3
129.0
60.2
103.2
129.0
159.1
116.1
116.1
90.3
94.6
193.5
129.0
137.6
64.5
107.5
236.5
137.6
137.6
124.7
184.9
262.3
154.8
60.2
55.9
77.4
141.9
81.7
73.1
90.3
146.2
68.8
122.1
262.3
55.9
50.4
41.3
Eff
%
92.5
95.5
94.2
92.1
91.1
93.5
94.5
95.2
95.1
92.7
94.2
93.5
97.1
94.6
90.0
93.6
94.8
94.0
90.5
90.5
93.3
97.1
97.4
96.2
93.7
96.3
96.9
96.2
94.5
96.8
94.3
97.4
90.0
2.1
2.2
-------
Table 5. Coal Composition8
(%, except as noted)
2/12
Sulfur 2.62
Carbon 73.06
Hydrogen 5.24
Oxygen 9.24
Nitrogen 1.58
Chlorine 0.19
Volatile
matter 41.65
Fixed
carbon 50.09
Ash 8.26
Heat value.
kJ/kg 31,410
(Btu/lb) (13,500)
Moisture 3.66
2/13 2/14
2.80 3.00
73.67 69.37
5.22 4.72
8.38 13.84
1.56 1.51
0.21 0.20
41.54 41.71
50.09 50.73
8.37 7.56
31,040 31,225
(13,340) (13,420)
3.57 3.81
2/1 6 2/1 7
1.62 2.51
76.23 74.71
5.11 5.26
7. 19 7.59
1.81 1.64
0.20 0. 18
37.47 38.61
54.49 53. JO
8.04 8.29
31,550 31,410
(13.560) (13,500)
3.70 2.34
Date 1981
2/24 3/2-6" 3/9-13" 3/16-20" 3/23-27"
1.64 2.86 3.55 2.85 2.70
74.29 71.48 72.19 74.98 72.61
5.30 5.37 5.19 5.37 3.64
9.06 7.76 7.72 7.83 11.77
1.74 1.54 1.56 1.65 1.54
0.14 0.18 0.12 0.16 0.09
37.18 38.99 39.08 40.82 40.01
54.85 50.20 51.25 52.02 52.34
7.97 10.81 9.67 7.16 7.65
31,690 30,250 30,510 31,620 31,010
(13,620)(13,000) (13,114) (13,590) (13,328)
2.02 8.62 7.92 9.35 6.99
3/30-4/3" 4/6-1 Of
2.73 2.22
74. 1 3 75.50
5.33 5.61
9.78 8.99
1.49 1.67
0.09 0. 12
40.58 40.93
52.97 53.18
6.45 5.89
31,240 32,470
(13.427) (13.955)
6.35 4.26
aDry basis except for moisture.
^Composite.
Table 6. Adipic Acid, Limestone, and Coal Usage
Date
11981)
February 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
March 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
pril 1
2
3
Average
adipic acid feed.
kg/h (Ib/h)*
3.63 (8)
3.63 (8)
1.81 (4)
1.81 (4)
3.63 (8)
2. 72 (6)
6.35 (14)
2. 72 (6)
4.54 (10jc
5.44 (12)c
3.63 (8)c
4.54 (10)c
3.63 (8)
3.63 (8)
3.63 (8)
2.62 (6)
4.08 (9)
4.08 (9)
4.54 (10)
3.63 (8)
7.26 (16)'
4.54 (10)
7.26 (16)c
6.35 (14)c
1.81 (4)d
2. 72 (6)
3.63 (8)
4.54 (10)
3.63 (8)
4.54 (10)
4.54 (10)
3.63 (8)
2.27 (5)^
OfOJf
6.35 (14)c
5.44 (12)
3.63 (8)
Average
limestone feed.
kg/h (Ib/hp
261 (575)
281 (619)
331 (729)
319 (702)
325 (716)
311 (686)
321 (707)
327 (720)
341 (752)
362 (798)
372 (820)
360 (793)
388 (854)
387 (853)
370 (814)
347 (765)
350 (771)
353 (778)
337 (742)
331 (728)
332 (731)
311 (686)
220 (489)
246 (542)
320 (704)
404 (890)
391 (861)
318 (700)
218(479)
236 (520)
298 (656)
285 (627)
270 (595)
262 (576)
213(468)
184 (405)<>
0(0)'
292 (644)
212(467)
198 (435)
Mg (tons)
of coal
used/day
85.0 (77. 1)
90.3 (81.9)
92.7 (84.0)
112.1 (101.6)
126.6(114.8)
127.8(115.9)
113.4(102.8)
130.4(118.2)
113.5(102.9)
124.6 (113.0)
108.6(98.5)
106. 1 (96.2)
100.8(91.4)
112.6(102.1)
132.0(119.7)
131.4(119.1)
138. 1 (125.2)
123.1 (111.6)
121.1 (109.8)
99.9 (90.6)
94.6(85.8)
97.5(88.4)
102. 1 (92.6)
101.1 (91.7)
112.3(101.8)
133.2 (120.8)
118.5 (107.4)
136.4 (123. 7)
127.1 (115.2)
113.2(102.6)
99.2 (89.9)
103.2 (93.6)
98.8(89.6)
98.5 (89.3)
94.2 (85.4)
97.9(88.8)
95. 1 (86.2)
78.4(71.1)
69.4 (62.9)
79.9(72.4)
71. 1 (64.5)
76. 1 (69.0)
60.8(55.1)
-------
Table 6. (continued)
Date
11981)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average
adipic acid feed,
kg/h (lb/h>»
3.63 (8)
1.81 (4)1
4.54 (10)
4.54 (10)
2. 72 (6)
2.72(6)
2.27 (5)
• Average
limestone feed,
kg/h (Ib/hp
218(480)
239 (526)
276 (608)
225 (496)
207 (455)
203 (447)
212 (467)
Mg (tons)
of coal
used/day
60.9 (55.2)
74.2 (67.3)
68.1 (61.7)
68.4 (62.0)
66.2 (60.O)
63.4 (57.5)
74.2 (67.3)
"24-hour basis.
t>Based on hours of feed.
cAdipic acid was dumped in the thickener.
^Vibrator was turned off. Adipic acid feeder plugged.
eScrubber was bypassed at 1940 because the thickener was
adipic acid feeds were turned off at that time.
'The scrubber was still off-line. It was restarted before 8 a. m.
plugged. Limestone and
on April 1.
P. A. Clarke, R. W. Gerstle, D. S. Henzel, K. W. Mason, andS. R. Sabatiniare with
PEDCo Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45246.
J. David Mobley is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "The Adipic Acid Enhanced Flue Gas Desulfurization
Process for Industrial Boilers: Volume 1. Field Test Results." (Order No. PB
83-144 774; Cost: $32.50. subject to change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
Postage and
Fees Paid
Environmental
Protection
Agency
EPA 335
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
PS 0000329
AGENCV
------- |