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                                        POLLUTION OF


                                       NAVIGABLE WATER




                                        BY WATERCRAFT


                                     GREAT LAKES REGION
                                 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR


                       FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
                                         March 196?

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                                     TABLE OF  CONTENTS
                                                                     Page
•             INTRODUCTION                                           1


               SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND  CONCLUSIONS                     2


I             RECOMMENDATIONS                                        4


               REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS                               8


I             EXTENT AND SERIOUSNESS OF PROBLEM                       10


•             CAUSES                                                 17


               PROBLEM AREAS                             •              19


I             EXISTING MEANS  OR METHODS FOR CORRECTING OR
™                ELIMINATING  POLLUTION                     •          21


•               ADDITIONAL NEEDS FOR MEANS OR METHODS FOR CORRECT-
                  ING OR ELIMINATING POLLUTION                         2k


               LEGISLATION                                             25


               BIBLIOGRAPHY


I             EXHIBITS

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POLLUTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS

BY THE OPERATION OF WATERCRAFT
        INTRODUCTION
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•                  This report has been prepared in response to a request
              from the Acting Chief, Technical Services Division, IWPCA.
I            It  covers the results of an investigation of pollution of the
              navigable waters of the Great Lakes Region by the operation of
I            vatercraft.
•                  Information relative to vatercraft are generally available
              by  States rather than drainage basins.  The data contained herein
I  .          relating to registration of vatercraft and certain other facilities
              cover only the five States for which the Great Lakes Region has
|            primary responsibility for State-Federal liaison: Michigan,
•           Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois.  In describing water
              pollution problems, navigable waterways and other information
I            available on the basis of drainage basins, the Regional boundaries
              have been used.  The Regional boundaries encompass the Great Lakes
 |            system including the St. Lawrence River to the International Boundary
 •           and the Upper Mississippi River basin above the mouth of the
             Ohio River,  but excluding the Missouri River Basin.
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                            SOftMARY OF FDOIRGS AND CONCLUSIONS

I
            1.  The opportunities for pleasure boating in the Great Lakes
I              Region far surpass those of any similar region in the United States.
_              Approximately one -fourth (1,002,128) of the 1965 national
'              recreational vatercraft registration (^,138,l4o) are registered
•              in the Region's five States, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin,
                Iowa and Illinois.  In addition many vatercraft registered in
|              Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York use waters of the
_              Great Lakes for their principal harborage and "boating.
•          2.  There are 13*560 miles of commercially navigable waterways in
•              the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi Drainage Basins.
            3.  Marinas and facilities offering services to vatercraft are not
I              licensed and information concerning availability of such services
                is not generally available.
•          k.  Although waste discharges from vessels equipped with toilets
•              contribute to pollution of waters of the Great Lakes, Illinois and
                Mississippi Rivers, reliable information as to the effect of
I              vessel wastes on water quality is limited.   Pollution from municipal
                and industrial sources tend to mask the effect of vessel pollution
•              in harbors, marinas and boat anchorages.
•          5«  Numerous instances have been reported of nuisance conditions in
                waters of the Region resulting from the discharge of garbage,
•              dunnage and other debris from vessels.
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I           6.   Spillage and accidental losses of oils,  chemicals and
                 other materials have created problems,  some of highly
'               hazardous nature.
•           7«   Vessels equipped with mascerator-chlorinator devices
                 contribute to pollution, even if the discharge meets coliform
I               requirements.  The decomposable organic  matter and nutrient
                 content of the treated wastes are significant pollutants.
•           8.   Most, if not all of the pollution described is preventable.
•           9-   An extensive training and awareness campaign must "be part
                 of an abatement program.
I          10.   Laws and regulations to control this pollution should "be
                 uniform and national in scope.   Pleasure boats,  as well as
•               commercial shipping, cross state lines and use waters of
•               many states.  Present state laws are conflicting.   Enforcement
                 is highly variable.
•          11.   International agreements are needed to provide uniform
                 requirements for treatment and disposal  of wastes from
•               vessels engaged in international commerce.  Such agreements
•               should include handling and disposal of  sewage,  garbage, ballast
                 waters, dunnage and debris of any kind.
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                                      RECOMMENDATIONS





™           1.  A model State law for licensing and regulating marinas should



•               be prepared.   The law should provide for a permit system which



                vould prescribe the  conditions under which the marina would "be



I               permitted to  operate.  Among the requirements to qualify for



_               a permit should be the following:



*                  A.  A water supply from a source approved by the State



•                      Health Authority.



                   B.  A convenient  building provided with toilets, showers



J                      and lavatory  facilities.



_                  C.  Facilities for pumping and treatment of wastes from boat



•                      holding tanks.  Treatment facilities for items B and C



•                      must be approved by the State Water Pollution Control Agency.



                   B.  Facilities for receiving and proper disposal of garbage,



|                      refuse,  cans,  combustibles and other waste materials.



_                  E.  Prohibition against vessel waste discharges in and near



•                      narinas and anchorages for recreational watercraft.



•                 F.  Permit fees should be adequate to cover the cost of



                       administering the law.



|                  G.  The law should contain penalties for violations.



_          2.  A model State law should be prepared which would require licensing



"              of all boats  above a prescribed size using the State's waters.



I              Temporary permits  should be available for boats from other States.



                Requirements  for a license or permit to operate would include:




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                   A.  Vessels accommodating fewer than ko persons (crew and
•                     passengers) manufactured after a specified date and
                       containing toilet, shower, lavatory or galley facilities
B                     wust be equipped with an approved holding tank and
•                     standardized connections by vhich the holding tank can
                       be pumped or dewatered.
•                 B.  Vessels equipped with mascerator-chlorinator devices
                       would be permitted to use the devices only in specified
I                     areas.  Operation of such vessels would not be permitted
•                     in certain lakes or waters unless the heads were sealed.
                       Their use would be prohibited after a specified date.
•                 C.  Vessels accommodating ko or more persons (crew and
                       passengers) must be equipped with an approved holding
I                     tank with facilities for dewatering the unit or an
•                     approved type of waste treatment device.  Holding tank
                       dewatering devices should be sealed when the boat is not
•                     in port, and waste treatment devices should be sealed while
                       in port unless provision is made for temporary connection
|                     to shore facilities served by an adequate waste treatment
•                     facility.
                   D.  Waste treatment devices on larger vessels must be under the
•                     supervision and control of a crew member with training and
                       knowledge of the operation of the device.
B                 E.  All vessels must be equipped with an approved receptacle
•                     having a scalable watertight container for garbage and
                       decomposable organic wastes.
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_                         F.  All vessels must have a receptacle for rubbish,
                               cans and other vaste materials of a non-decomposable
I                             nature.
                           G.  The fee  and permit system should provide  funds to
|                             administer the lav.
_                         H.  Penalties should be  provided for violations.
™                 3-   Accidental discharges and vessel accidents should be  carefully
I                     studied and regulations developed to minimize  pollution resulting
                       from these causes in the future.
I                 k.   International agreements relating to vessels engaged  in foreign
_                     commerce should  be sought to develop uniform requirements
"                     concerning disposal of wastes,  garbage,  refuse from such vessels
I                     and to minimize  problems resulting from shipping  and handling
                       of  hazardous cargoes.
                   5.  The IWPCA should  conduct or  contract for research in the
M                    following areas:
                          A.  Requirements for holding tanks, vessel vaste treatment
•                            devices,  garbage and refuse receptacles related to the
                              size and  number of people and available space on vessels.
|                        B.  Standardization of fittings and connecting devices on
_                            Holding tanks, vessel sewage treatment devices and
*                            shore facilities.
Ij                        C.  Design of receptacles vith a scalable, water-tight
                              removable container  for garbage and decomposable
J|                            organic material.
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                          D.  Design of a nuisance-free convenient mechanical
 •                            device for removing and discharging the contents
 •                            from such scalable containers directly into
                              disposal or treatment units.
 I                        E.  Development of incinerator-type toilets utilizing
                              electrical energy.
 •                        P.  Improving the effectiveness of modified activated
 •                            sludge type units designed for vessel use.   Such
                              research should include investigation^of the use
 •                            of effluent filtration and chlorinatlon to  produce
                              a discharge of acceptable quality.
 I                        G.  Establishment of effluent standards for modified
 •                            activated sludge units designed for vessel  use.
                          H.  Provision for testing and evaluating the performance
 •                            of vessel waste treatment units under operating
                              conditions.
 I                6.  The JWPCA should provide competent technical services and
 •                    advice to States adopting the model laws concerning approved
                      devices and methods for controlling vessel  waste pollution.
 •                7-  The IWPCA should actively support and encourage adoption
                      and enforcement of such model acts by all States.
 •                8.  The IWPCA should undertake an extensive awareness program
                      to promote and publicize abatement of vessel pollution in
                      United States waters.
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                                                       8
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
                     The Great Lakes Region includes the United States vaters
             of the Great Lakes and the areas tributary to them, the St. Lawrence


I           River to the International Boundary vith Canada, and the Upper


             Mississippi River Basin above the Ohio River, except for the Missouri


I           River Basin.  The commercially navigable vaters in the Basin include

tm           the St. Lawrence River; the Great Lakes and connecting channels; the


             Illinois Waterway; the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois to


I           Minneapolis, Minnesota; portions of the St. Croix, Minnesota, and


             Black Rivers; and Beaver Slough at Clinton, Iowa.


I                   The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1960 provided


•           navigation routes for ocean-going vessels to all major Great Lakes Ports,


             At Chicago, cargo can be transferred to smaller vessels for shipment


I           via the Illinois Waterway to any part of the extensive Mississippi


             River navigational system.


•                   The 95,000 square miles of water surface makes the Great Lakes

•           the world's largest body of fresh water and provides the means of

             transportation for over 100 billion ton-miles of water-borne freight


•           per year over the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence navigation system.  The

             availability of low cost water transportation on the Great Lakes for


•           the vast resources of iron ore, coal and limestone has resulted in


•           making the Great Lakes Region the leading area of the Nation for heavy

             industry including the production of iron and steel and related


•           manufactures.  Almost Uo per cent of the U. S. Primary Metals Industry


             is located in the Great Lakes Study Area.  During the 1955-196^ period,


|           the total annual commerce on the Great Lakes averaged 190,000,000 tons.

I             In addition to iron ore, coal and limestone, there are large shipments

             of chemicals, grain, and petroleum.

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•                    The Upper Mississippi River Basin accounts for one-sixth
•             of the value of all farm products sold in the United States,
               including one-third of the nation's grain production.  Annual
I             traffic on the upper Mississippi is now in excess of 10.5 "billion
_             ton miles, compared to 1.2 billion ton miles in 19^0 (from, the head
•             of navigation at Minneapolis, Minnesota to the mouth of the
•             Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois).  In 1964 freight traffic included
               over 14-5,000,000 short tons of commodities including grain, coal
•             and coke, petroleum, stone and gravel, iron ore, chemicals and other
_             commodities.


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                                                                         10
                EXTENT AND SERIOUSNESS OF PROBLEM



                       Navigable Waterways


        The following is a list of the commercially navigable inland


waterways in the Great Lakes Region (l), (2).

                 Biver	Miles	


        Illinois River                            357.1

        Mississippi River (Cairo to Minneapolis)  856.8
        St. Croix River  (Minn, and Wise.)

        Minnesota River  (Minnesota)

        Black River  (Wisconsin)

        Beaver Slough  (Clinton, Iowa)

        Total mileage  navigable waterway
                             2k. 5

                             25.2

                              l.U

                              k.B
                           1269.8
        Commercially navigable shipping lanes in the Great Lakes

are as follows (3)-
   Lake
Area (Square Miles)    Miles  of  Shipping Lanes
Superior

Michigan

Huron

Erie

Ontario

St. Lawrence River

Totals
       31,800

       22,UOO

       23,000

        9,900


        7,500
 2360

 6372

  965

 1390

 1095
(to International "boundary)   111
       9^,600
12,293

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Type and Number of Watercraft
Information concerning the number of recreational watercraft
using a specific body of vater such as one of the Great Lakes is not
generally available. Acting under the Federal Boating Act of 1958,
most States now require such craft to be registered. Since this
information is available only by States, recreational watercraft
registrations will be given only for the five States for which the
Great Lakes Region has primary liaison responsibilities. Although
some boats registered in Iowa will primarily use only the Missouri
River (not in the Great Lakes Basin) these will be offset by boats
registered in Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York which use the
Great Lakes. Because of differences in State watercraft registration
systems a note indicating the scope of the numbering system used is
indicated in the column on the right (U).
Recreational Watercraft
State 1965 Registration Type of Watercraft
Illinois 156,605 All motorboats
Iowa 66,^56 All motorboats
Michigan 398,608 All motorboats
Minnesota 211,630 All watercraft
Wisconsin 268,829 All motorboats
J., 102, 125
Total for all States U,138,l4o
In a report dated November 8, 1965 prepared by the Pollution
Study Committee of the National Association of State Boating Law
Administrators (Exhibit A) it vas estimated that the number of
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              recreational watercraft equipped with marine toilets would average
 I            less than 5 per cent.   This is in  line with boat registrations in
              Minnesota - which requires certification of installation of acceptable
 |            waste  treatment devices on all boats having marine toilets.  Only/
                                                                              *
 •            6,000  boats, out of a total Minnesota registration of more than 200,000,
              have such facilities (5).   Assuming that 5  per  cent of the boats
 I            registered in  the 5 States have marine toilets, 55,000 boats in this
              Region would have such facilities.   Of this number 20,000 watercraft
 I            registered in  Minnesota and Wisconsin are assumed to have treatment
 •            devices  or holding tanks.   This would leave an estimated 35,000
              recreational watercraft discharging untreated wastes.  These would
 •            be  principally larger vessels with sleeping accommodations.  It is
              reasonable to  assume an average occupancy of h persons per vessel.
 I            This would give a pollutional potential  for waters of the Great Lakes
 •            Region of llK),000 persons  on peak  days assuming all craft were operating.

                                 Commercial Watercraft
 •                    There  are 29 United States  companies operating 209 commercial
 •            vessels  on the Great Lakes.  These  include  16 car and railroad ferries.
              Twelve companies have  equipped to of these  vessels with waste treatment
 •            devices.  Seven additional vessels  are scheduled to have such devices
              installed within the next  two years (6).  Vessels of the type used on
 •            the Great Lakes normally require crews ranging from 25 to k5, averaging
 •            about  35-  Assuming wastes from ferries  as  negligible except for the
              crew,  tbe pollution potential from  169 commercial vessels would be
 •            equivalent to  that from about 6,000 people.  Garbage and trash from
             these  vessels  are incinerated aboard or  taken to shore installations
|           for disposal.
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                       In 1966,  3,37^ vessels of foreign registry (Including
                                                                              I/"™"""^"^
               Canadian vessels) entered the Great Lakes through the St. Lawrei|ce
_             Seavay (l) •  No information is available concerning waste treatment
™             or holding devices on these vessels.  The seaway is normally open
•             about 2H-0 days a year.  Assuming an average stay of two weeks, the
               average number of foreign vessels in the Lakes at one time would
|             be about 196.  Although the size of the crew on these vessels varies
_             with the degree of automation, it can be reasonably assumed that an
               average crew would not exceed ^0.  On this basis, and assuming no
I             treatment is given the wastes, the daily pollution potential from
               foreign vessels would approximate that from about 8,000 people.  The
|             United States has strict regulations relating to the disposal of
_             garbage and refuse from foreign vessels.
*                     In 196*4-,  8,098 commercial vessel-trips were made using the
•             navigable channels of the Mississippi River above Cairo, Illinois (8)(9)(lO).
               These included both cargo ships and barge tows.  No information is
|             available concerning the installation of sewage treatment devices on
_             these vessels.  Although the size of the crews varies,  an average
™             figure of 21 has been suggested.   Assuming the length of the navigation
•             season to be 270 days,  and the average trip requires 5 days, the number
               of vessels in port or in transit  on the waterways on any day would be
              300.  The daily pollution potential from these commercial vessels
              would then be equivalent to 6,300 persons.

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Corps
Navy
Coast
of Engineers

Guard
Bureau of Coosaercial Fisheries


55
5
2T
5
92
375
600
653
30
1,380
                                         Federal Vessels
                      The following Is a summary of Federal vessels operating
•            in the Great Lakes Region (ll).
                      Agency	Mumber of Vessels	Personnel
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|                    The Horth Central Division of the Corps of Engineers has
m            advised that installation of vaste treatment devices of the
              mascerator-cMDrinafcor type is in progress and vill "be completed
I            within the next six months.  Assuming that one-half of these units
              are now operational, the  pollution potential of Corps "boats vould be
I            equivalent to the untreated wastes  from about 180 people.
•                    The Raval vessels operating In the Region are training ships.
              They are now seeking approval for the installation of waste treatment
•            devices.  Present pollutional potential Is equivalent to 600 people.
                      The Coast Guard fleet consists of 27 vessels.  Nine are rescue
|            vessels equipped with chemical toilets.  The remaining 18  are larger
•            vessels ranging from 100 to 150 feet in length.   Three of  these vessels
              are equipped with mascerator-chlorinator devices.  Four more vessels
•            are scheduled, to have similar devices installed this summer.   Plans for
              equipping the  remaining eleven vessels with waste treatment devices
|            are indefinite at this time.  Pollution potential of Coast Guard
m            vessels Is equivalent to that from about 600 people.

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*                     The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the Department of the
8             Interior operates  5 research vessels  in the Great Lakes.  There are
               no definite plans  for the installation of waste treatment devices.
|             Pollution potential from these vessels approximates 30 people.
_                     From, the preceding evaluation, the pollution potential from
                   vessels using  the navigable waterways of the Great Lakes Basin
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•             would be:
                           Recreational watercraft                 1^0,000
|                         Coansereial vessels                       1*1,900
_                         federal vessels                      _ 1,*HO _
                           Pollution potential - all vessels       156,310
I             In evaluating the possible pollutions! effects on navigable waterways
               the following factors must be considered:
I                 1.  The large water surface area of the Great Lakes
•                     (9^,600 square miles) and the total number of miles
                       of navigational channels in the Basin (13,500 miles).
I                 2.  The raaaber of boats equipped with mascerator-chlorinator
                       devices which would reduce coliform concentration in
|                     discharges. (Only partially available)
                   13-  The diluting effect of discharging wastes from moving
                            ^
                       boats followed by the turbulence in the boat's wake.
I                     Considering limitations in the available data, the vast water
               area traversed by commercially navigable shipping lanes,  and the
I             relatively low population equivalent of waste discharges  no meaningful

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                 estfaaate of the polltrtional effect on water quality of sewage
I               wastes discharged from vessels in transit is possible  for the
m               Great Lakes Region.  This is confirmed to some  extent  by studies
                 conducted "by the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins  Project of the
•               quality of the deep waters of Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and
                 Ontario.  Except in the vicinity of waste discharges from major
I               cities and large streams, bacterial quality of  the  deeper Lake
•j               waters was consistently acceptable as a source  of water supply
                 with chloriuation as the only treatment.   Such  waters  must not
•               exceed 50 calif onus per 100 ml.
                         This is not to say, however, that vessel waste discharges
                 do not affect adversely the quality of the Basin's waters.  There
•               is the effect of adding  nutrients to waters in which  the nutrient
                 levels are critical.  There is also the local effect where decomposable
•               organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms affect only the
                 waters adjacent to the point of  discharge.   Both effects must be
•               evaluated on the basis of specific situations.  The addition of
•               nutrients to the nutrient-deficient waters of Lake Superior could
                 be considered beneficial from the standpoint of productivity.
•               Similar additions to Lake Erie would be considered highly detrimental
                 because of the present state of  eutrophication.
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                                                                                   17
CAUSES
                         Pollution resulting from the discharge of sewage wastes
                from •vessels are covered in other sections of this report.  Two

•               additional sources of pollution will "be  discussed in this section:

                     1.  Pollution resulting from  garbage, rubbish and other

•                       debris from watercraft.

•                    2.  Accidental spills or losses  of liquids or chemicals from

                        vessels resulting in pollution of the Basin's waters.

•                       Although most instances of pollution resulting from the

                discarding of garbage,  rubbish and other unwanted materials from

•               vessels are probably  not reported, the number of reports and

•               complaints of pollution of this type are relatively few.  The

                reports that are received appear  to  be isolated instances not

I               related to a pattern  of using the Basin's waters to dispose of such
                                                                    ^
                materials.   Detection and prosecution of such violations are

I               almost impossible.  First,  the violations are not detected until

•               the  offending material is washed  ashore, usually hours or days

                after vastes were discarded.  Second, it is indeed rare to find

•               among the debris anything which can be identified with the vessel

                discarding the material.

•                       Recent examples  of  problems  of this type involve complaints

•               forwarded to the Administration by Senator Gaylord Nelson on

                October 13,  1966 and Governor Warren P.  Knowles of Wisconsin

•               on September 28,  1966.   Senator Nelson's complaint involved the

                dumping of garbage and trash overboard from the car ferries

•               City of Midland  and Milwaukee Clipper operating out  of Milwaukee.


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•               Governor Knowles' complaint concerned similar dumping from
                 the ferry, Badger operated "by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad
I               out of Ludln gton, Michigan.  In both instances investigations
_               vere made "by the U.S. Public Health Service and both companies
"               involved agreed to cease all such dumping (12).
•                       A listing of accidental  spills in the Great Lakes
                 Region resulting from vessel operation is given in Table 1  (12).
I               The two principal causes would appear to be accidents (collisions)
—               and carelessness.  Increased emphasis on safety and  alertness  in
'               industrial operations vould help combat the type of  accidental
•               losses reported.  Alarms and automatic safety devices would
                 eliminate seme.   For example,  a broken pump line usually results
•               in a loss of pressure.  A pressure actuated switch could operate
                 an alarm, system, cut off valves and shut off pumps,  minimizing
•               losses.   A careful study of each spill or loss would assist in
                                   .                                          *-^
•               the developaent  of technology and equipment to minimize or
                 prevent  recurrence.
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I                                        PROBLEM AREAS
•               The principal areas  affected by vessel waste pollution are the
          harbors,  marinas,  and anchorages for vessels of various  types.  These
•        installations are  most frequently located near major population con-
          centrations and along the shores of principal streams.   They are
|        subjected to waste discharges  from municipalities  and industries as
p        well as vessel wastes.
                 Studies of  pollution in marinas conducted by the  State of Michigan
I        (Exhibit A) were not conclusive in that no significant difference could
          be found in the bacterial quality of the waters above and below the
I        marina areas .  Similar studies of marinas in Lake  Michigan were conducted
          by the Great Lakes -Illinois River Basins Project in August 19&3 •
_
*        quality of the water observed in the marinas  did not reflect any  significant
I        bacterial difference from the quality  of the  adjacent waters.  No special
          report was prepared  on this  subject  but microbiological and chemical findings
|        will be included  in  Appendix 3 of the  Lake Michigan Report.  In the absence
_        of information concerning the number of vessels discharging wastes during
          these  studies, the quantities discharged and  the treatment given  to the
I        wastes,  if any, the  results  have little significance.
                 More extensive and sophisticated studies, including data concerning
|        actual use of marine toilets  and knowledge of the type and effectiveness
_        of treatment of wastes discharged during the  study period will be required
          to effectively evaluate the  extent to which marina water quality  is
I        affected by vessel waste  discharges.  The study should include biological

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          observations of aquatic flora and fauna before, during, and following the

I        boating season, and analysis of the composition of bottom deposits during
          the same three periods.  Such a study is not recommended unless it becomes

•        evident that the use of on-board waste treatment devices with effluent
_        discharge to waters rather than storage of wastes for on-shore disposal,

          will become generally accepted practice.
I               All efforts to secure maps showing the location of marinas and

          boat anchorages have been unsuccessful.  Efforts have also been made to
_
*
    .      secure a list of such" installations, but no such lists can be found.
          Installations of these types are not required to have a license and there
          are not official records from which information can be obtained.  The
•        Outboard Boating Association plans to develop a listing of facilities
          available to watercraft, but this activity is in its initial phase.
•        The Corps of Engineers Lake Survey District also plans to develop charts
          on which the location of anchorages will be shown.


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                         EXISTING MEANS OR METHODS OF CORRECTING
                                OR ELIMINATING POLLUTION
                             Vessel Waste Treatment Devices

                There are at present three principal types of waste treatment

I         devices available for installation on water craft.  The most widely

           used is the mascerator-chlorinator type which is approved in some

I         States.  This device pulverizes the solid materials and holds them

•         in contact with a chlorine solution for a period of time sufficient

           to greatly reduce bacterial concentrations.  The second type is a

I         compact modification of the activated sludge process and can be instal-

           led only on larger vessels.  The third type is a modified incinerator

|         utilizing some type of fuel (usually bottled gas) for reducing waste

mm        .materials to an ash which is discharged to the atmosphere.

                Under properly controlled conditions the mascerator-chlorinator

•         will produce a discharge which will meet most bacterial criteria for

           waters used for recreational purposes involving whole body contact»

|         There is a serious question as to whether this method is effective in

mm         destroying viral agents and the more persistent pathogens 0  Further,

           the oxygen-consuming characteristics of the wastes are not materially

•         affected, and extensive use of this device in shallow waters and

           protected areas will result in the accumulation of bottom sludge

|         deposits, destruction of desirable pollution-intolerant bottom fauna,

mm         and conditions which would interfere with other water uses.   The

           mascerator-chlorinator has one additional shortcoming which  must not


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•         be overlooked.  It is effective only if properly maintained.  It is not

           enough to require only that an approved type of this device be installed.

•       . Some means must be provided to insure that such units are properly

           maintained and that the waste discharges are effectively chlorinated if

I         bacterial pollution from this source is to be controlled.  The State of

•         Wisconsin now prohibits their use, the States of Indiana and Ohio

           prohibit their use except in waters of the Great Lakes (Exhibit B), and

•         the Ontario Water Resources Commission has adopted regulations which

           will prohibit their use after it becomes fully effective on July 1,

I         1968 (Exhibit C).

•              The use of larger sewage treatment devices incorporating the

           activated sludge process is new in the United States.  Several manu-

•         facturers have developed, or are developing such units.*  One problem

           confronting these manufacturers is that of securing approvale  Ship

• '        owners are reluctant to install costly units of this type unless assured

•         that they are acceptable.  The U.S. Public Health Service, which

           approves the design of sanitary features of vessels, does not give

I         blanket approval of such devices.  The effluent from treatment

           facilities of this type would be expected to contain finely divided

•         particles of settleable organic matter.  If such devices were permitted

•         to discharge in harbors and protected areas, this could lead to the

           accumulation of a bottom organic ooze and changes in the biota.  Such

I         conditions have been found in harbors receiving the effluent from

           conventional activated sludge treatment plants.  The quantities dis-

•         charged would be substantially less than from shore installations and

•         the rate of accumulation of bottom deposits very slow.  Filtration of


_         * Chicago rtimp Co<>,  Crane Co0,  Infilco,  Inc., Youngs town Welding  and
•           Engineering  Co., Dravo Corp.,  and American Shipbuilding Co.

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•         the effluent followed by chlorination in a separate detention tank
_         should result in a waste discharge having a very low pollutional
*         potential.  Research and testing would be necessary to confirm the
•         effectiveness of such units, and to develop design criteria.
                Incinerator-type units are effective in controlling water pol-
|         lution because there is no liquid discharge.  The ash discharged
_         would ultimately reach adjacent waters but in a highly dispersed
           condition.  If the ash should be considered a problem it could be
I         removed by filtering the exhaust gases.  The most serious problems
           related to this device are its slow operation and the hazard of having
|         fuels of a combustible or explosive nature aboard ship.
                In addition to the three types of waste treatment devices
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           described above, it was found that a few Coast Guard vessels  are
I         equipped with chemical toilets.  These units have removable  recep-
           tacles which are emptied into the sewage facilities  serving  the
|         Coast Guard stations.  No other facilities of this type were reported.
_                                  Holding Tanks
*              Holding tanks of adequate capacity would provide the  best  solution
I         to the yessel waste disposal problem.  For such tanks to be  effective,
           marinas must be equipped to remove and provide adequate treatment for
|         the wastes.  Standardization of fittings and equipment would facilitate
_         removal of tank contents .  Design of the units should be such that the
           tank contents cannot be drained or discharged while  the vessel  is away
I         from port
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                               ADDITIONAL MEEDS FOE MEANS OR
                          MB3HODS POH CORRECTING OR ELIMINATING POLLUTION
                   The general adoption of holding tanks  for containing vessel

           wastes will require convenient well equipped service facilities to

           remove and treat the accumulated wastes.  The  preferable solution


•         would be by connection to a municipal system which could absorb the

           shock effects of such waste loads.   Where  municipal facilities are


•         not available the sudden discharge  of concentrated fecal material

•         containing odor-controlling chemicals (probably bactericides) and


           in some state of decomposition could seriously interfere with the

•         operation of small sewage treatment works.   Research studies should


           be undertaken to assess the magnitude of problems of this nature and

I         to develop design criteria and operational techniques to achieve an

•         effluent of satisfactory quality.  Other research needs concern the


           design of the holding tanks, methods of removal of tank wastes, types

I         of fittings which will prevent leakage,  and  construction materials

           which will resist the corrosive effect of tank contents and chemicals.

I                 Many larger vessels may not be able  to accommodate holding

•         tanks.  For these ships suitable waste treatment devices capable of

           providing an effluent of satisfactory quality  must be available.

I         Presently available units should be extensively evaluated and both

           design criteria  and standards of effluent quality developed.  Research


I         may be needed to find solutions to  such problems as the removal of

•         solids in waste  effluents,  effective effluent  disinfection and disposal

           of sludge.

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                                          I,EGISIATION
                      Existing State legislation to control vessel pollution
 ™          varies widely in the Great lakes Region.  No State licenses or
 •          regulates marinas, "boat anchorages or facilities of these types.
            accordingly, services available to recreational watercraft are not
 I          uniform and are seldom adequate.  Yet, if pollution is to be
 _          adequately controlled, the conscientious boat operator must have a
 ™          place to dispose of garbage, cans, refuse and other unwanted material
 •          and those installations receiving the materials must be required to
            dispose of it in a proper manner.  Further, those aboard vessels not
 |          equipped with marine toilets should expect to find sanitary facilities
 _          available at points where boat services or anchorages are offered to
 ™          the boating public.  If the use of vessel holding tanks continues to
 I          gain acceptance vessel servicing points must be equipped to remove and
            properly treat the contents.
 |                    It could be argued that marinas and boat servicing
 _          installations are subject to Federal laws because they serve boats
 ™          from other States engaged in interstate travel.  While Federal
 I          legislation licensing and controlling installations offering services
            to out-of-state vessels may ultimately become necessary, Federal policy
|          as expressed in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act tends toward
_          giving the States an opportunity to solve the problem first.   Accordingly,
            it is recommended that the FWPCA develop a model law relating to
            watercraft.
I          licensing and regulating facilities offering services to recreational
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•                 Legislation pertaining to  control of vessel pollution in the
•         States in this region has been reviewed  (Exhibits B, C, D, E, F).
           The following consaents pertain to  this legislation:
I         Michigan.  Michigan laws are  specific in prohibiting garbage, oil
           and refuse dumping from vessels  25 feet  or more in length.  The disposal
B         of such wastes from smaller vessels and  the disposal of wastes from
•         marine toilets could be prosecuted under their general health laws.
           Attempts have been made to secure  more specific laws (See attached
•         letter from John E. Vogt).  Current thinking is toward permissive vse
           of suitable waste treatment devices.
•         Minnesota. Minnesota laws permit the use of marine toilets equipped with
•         a suitable treatraent device.  Registration is contingent upon certification
           that vessels with marine toilets are equipped with an acceptable device.
I         They also prohibit the discharge of other wastes and the abandonment of
_         containers holding sewage or  other wastes which might create a nuisance,
•         health hazard or water pollution.
•         Wisconsin.  Since April 1, 19^5  Wisconsin law requires the use of a hold-
           ing tank.  In June 1966 Wisconsin  adopted a new law relating to control
•         of water pollution.  No change was made in the existing law related to
           vessel pollution.
•         Iowa. The State Conservation  Commission of Iowa is responsible for regu-
•         lations governing vessel waste disposal.   Consideration is being given
           to legislation requiring holding tanks.  At this time the Commission
•         does not favor such legislation because of opposition of the Outboard
_         Boating Association.


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    .       Illinois.  Illinois does not have specific legislation relating to



•         vessel waste pollution.   However, to protect the Fox Chain-0-Lakes



           (a series of small shallow lakes in northern Illinois), Lake County



I         passed an ordinance requiring the sealing of toilets on all boats




           vising these waters.



I         Indiana.  Indiana does not permit the discharge of vessel wastes except



M         in Lake Michigan waters.  Vessel waste discharges in Lake Michigan




           waters- would be  subject  to control under the general powers of the




I         Stream Pollution Control Board.



           Ohio.  Ohio does not permit vessel waste discharges into waters of



I         the State except in Lake Erie, the Muskingum River and the Ohio River.



•         Discharges into  these waters would be subject to the general water



           pollution laws administered by the Ohio Water Pollution Control Board.



I         Pennsylvania . Pennsylvania has no specific lavs relating to waste dis-



           charges from watercraft.-  The Sanitary Water Board has the power to



|         enact rules and  regulations governing such discharges but has not done



•         so.  The Board has given some consideration to legislation.  There is



           some feeling among members of the staff that action is being delayed



•         pending agreement; within the Federal establishment as to whether hold-



           ing tanks should be required.



I         New York.  The Navigation Laws of new York were amended in 1966.   They



•         now permit the use of waste treatment devices approved by the State



           Commissioner of Health (Exhibit  D)




^U                                      New  Legislation



                   The control of vessel  waste pollution will require not only
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I     '     new legislation, but an intensive awareness program to gain public
            acceptance and support for needed legislation and for a program for
I          effective control.  Adequate control of vessel pollution will require
•          legislation regulating both the disposal of wastes from watercraft and
            the availability of facilities to adequately treat or dispose of
•          waste materials from watercraft.
                    Legislation pertaining to vessel waste disposal should
|          consider that coliforms are not the only criteria to be considered.
•          Treated waste discharges contain decomposable organic matter and
            nutrients, and may contain viral agents and other pathogens.   The
•          knowledge that human wastes subjected only to chlorination are being
            discharged into adjacent waters is offensive to many people and should
|          result in support for the use of holding tanks.  The fact that mechanical
«          devices are subject to failure and that failure to replenish the chlorine
            supply will result in the discharge of raw sewage presents and ever-
•          present hazard to accidental human contact with waters receiving such
            discharges.  For these reasons the recommendations presented earlier
|          propose model State legislation requiring the use of holding  tanks,
mt          with alternative use of waste treatment plants for larger vessels.   Even
            this legislation would be ineffective unless services to empty and treat
•          the tank contents are readily available.   It is important also that
            vessels be provided with a container for garbage and rubbish.   Few
                                                                           28
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people like to have their boat littered with waste material and most
will utilize such a receptacle, if available.  A complementary model

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               State law is recommended providing for licensing of marinas and
 •             other installations servicing watercraft, and suggesting minimum
               standards to quality for a license.
 •               The legislation recommended, backed by research and an
               intensive public awareness program, will result in an effective
 •             program for the control of vessel pollution in the Great Lakes
 •             Basin, and nation-wide.

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                             BIBLIOGRAPHY
 1.  Charts of the Illinois Waterway*  U.  S. Army Engineer District,
     Corps of Engineers, Chicago,  Illinois.

 2.  Navigation  Charts, Middle and Upper Mississippi River.  -Cairo,
     Illinois to Minneapolis, Minnesota.   U. S. Array Engineer
     Division, North Central, Corps of Engineers, Chicago,
     Illinois.   January
 3.  Navigation Charts prepared by the Lake Survey District, Corps
     of Engineers, Department of the Army, Detroit, Michigan.
         Lake Superior      Chart No. 9
         Lake Michigan      Charts Nos. 7, 70, 73-77; 701-706
         Lake Huron         Chart No. 5
         Lake Erie          Chart No. 3
         Lake Ontario       Charts Nos. 2, 21-25, 211

 h.  Report on Water Pollution Caused by the Operation of Vessels.
     U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal. Water Pollution  .  •
     Control Administration.  December 1966.

 5.  Information obtained from the Minnesota Department of
     Conservation, Bureau of Water Safety, St. Paul, Minnesota.

 6.  Information obtained from U. S. Public Health Service,
     Region V, Chicago, Illinois.

 7.  Information obtained from St. Lawrence Seaway Development
     Commission, Detroit, Michigan.

 8.  Waterborne Commerce of the United States, 1964.  Part 2.
     Waterways and Harbors Gulf Coast, Mississippi River System
     and Antilles.  Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers.

 9-  1965 Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ending 30 June.  Volume 1.
     Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers.

10.  Transportation Lines of the Mississippi River System and the
     Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, 196$7  Transportation Lines 4.
     Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers.

11.  Information secured through the Federal Installations
     Coordinator^ Great Lakes Region.


12.  Information from files, Great Lakes Region, FWPCA.

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         REPORT OF THE POLLUTION STUDY COMMITTEE





NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE BOATING LAW ADMINISTRATORS
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                                   NOVEMBER  8,  1965

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I                                   WARWICK HOTEL

                              PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA




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      REPORT OF THE POLLUTION STUDY  COMMITTEE, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
                      STATE BOATING  LAW ADMINISTRATORS

                              Hovember  8,  1965


At the Oklahoma City meeting of  the  National Association of State Boating Law
Administrators, held November 18-20, 1963,  a Committee was appointed to develop
a report on the nature and extent  of pollution of the waters of the United
States by recreational watercraft  and to make recommendations relative thereto.
The following were appointed as  members of  this Committee:

                                   CHAIRMAN

   Keith Wilson, Director, Michigan  State Waterways Commission

                                   MEMBERS

   Bernard W. Chalecki, Director,  Connecticut Boating Safety Commission
   Peter J. Gannon, Chief, New Jersey Bureau of Navigation
   John Grenoble, Member, Pennsylvania Fish Commission
   DuWayne Henrie, Boat Registration Section, Arizona Highway Department
   Milton Johnson, Director, Minnesota Boat & Water Safety Division
   James J. O'Brien, Director, New York Division of Motorboats
   Wilton Vaugh, Director, Massachusetts Division of Motorboats
   Ron Stone, Government Relations Department, Outboard Boating Club of America

A review of information provided to  the Committee by the Outboard Boating Club
of America indicated a reason for  the concern of the Association in this area.
According to OBC, a total of 23  states have already adopted legislation con-
trolling the discharge of sewage from recreational watercraft on some or all
of the individual state's waters, while many other states are considering such
action.  These totals include only states specifically legislating on this
subject and do not include those states which may have passed laws dealing
with trash, garbage, litter, etc.

The approach to this problem fay  the  various states appears to be characterized
by its individuality.  In almost every instance, the boat pollution laws adopted
by one state have little or no resemblance  to those adopted by others, even in
the case of neighboring states.  Legislation involving varying and differing
standards presents a considerable  problem to the boatman who wishes to use his
boat in a number of different states.

Further complicating the picture is  the propensity on the part of the individ-
ual states to select one type of anti-pollution device and to permit only its
use in the particular state.  Whether this  is done deliberately or in ignorance
of the existence of other equally  suitable devices is not known.  In any event,
it further complicates the mobility  of boats cruising on the waters of more
than one state.

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                                         - 2 -
                                 STUDY METHOD


In view of the extensive activities  in the  various  states on this subject, it
was concluded by the Committee that  there must  be available a number of
detailed studies analyzing  the extent of pollution  of waters by recreational
watercraft.  Accordingly, the  first  action  of  the Committee was to attempt to
gather together all such reports to  permit  an  analysis of the nature and
extent of pollution by recreational  watercraft  of the waters of the United
States.

An extensive survey of Federal agencies and of  agencies of all of the states
was made to locate such reports„  This survey  resulted in turning up only two
reports that dealt in any manmer with this  problem.  One report dealt with
the effect of pollution from houseboats in  the  vicinity of Portland, Oregon,
and was prepared by the Oregon State Sanitary Authority.

The second report, entitled "Survey  of Marina  and Watercraft Use in Relation
to the Public Health Aspects", and jointly  prepared by the Macomb County
Health Department and Michigan Department of Health, dealt specifically with
this problem.

Because of the inability of tfee Committee to assess the nature and extent of
pollution by recreational watereraft from only  two  reports made in widely
separated parts of the country, an alternative  method of assessing this prob-
lem was developed.  This was by means of a  questionnaire designed to elicit
responses from boating, healtk, and  recreation  officials throughout the
country from which conclusions could be drawn.  The questionnaire is repro-
duced as Appendix A.
       /
The questionnaire was mailed to some 200 agencies in and out of government,
both state and Federal, including public health departments, water pollution
control boards or commissions, state boating law administrators, and virtually
every Federal agency having any connection  with waters used for recreation.
A cover letter was provided with the questionnaire  explaining the desire of
the Committee to determine whether or not recreational boating is a signifi-
cant contributor co the water  pollution problem, and requesting the assistance
of the addressee-  The returns were  most gratifying and extremely helpful.
More than 90 replies were received representing one or more agencies in almost
every state«  A list of the agencies responding and a summary and analysis of
the replies received is reproduced as Appendix  B.

In the course of its study, the Committee collected a large number of news-
paper clippings, magazine articles,  and similar releases dealing with this
subject.  Many of these articles and clippings  were especially helpful and
presented insights into the ever-all problem under  study.  Reproduction of
these articles is not feasible,  bat  several of  those considered by the Com-
mittee are as follows:  "Boat  Sanitation" by Elbert Robberson, Yachting
magazine, October, 1964; "Federal  Policy Proposed on Disposal of Wastes",
The Waterways Journal, July 11,  1964;  and "Water Pollution from Boats",
Boating Industry magazine, January,  1964c

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                                    -  3 -
                          THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM

The two reports dealing with pollution from houseboats and recreational water-
craft were carefully reviewed by  the Committee, because they were the only such
reports located.  An evaluation of  the Oregon State Sanitary Authority Report
on Houseboats is very well summarized by  the conclusions stated therein and
appearing on page 10 of the Report:

            "1.  Domestic wastes  including garbage from approximately
       294 houseboats are dumped  without  treatment into the Willamette
       and Columbia River in the  vicinity of Portland.  This represents
       a population of between 500  and 1,000 persons,,  Inclusion of
       boathouses, marinas, and other waterfront facilities would
       increase this number somewhat.

             "2.  The aeasurable'  organic and chemical pollution load
       from houseboats in the Portland area is relatively small compared
       to the total pollution load  discharged from all sources,

             "3.  Aesthetic nuisance conditions resulting from floating
       materials and health hazards from pathogenic organisms are con-
       sidered to be the significant pollutional factors involved„

             "4.  Collection and  adequate disposal of houseboat wastes
       can be accomplished with reasonable application and modification
       of present equipment and techniques.

             "5.  All but one or  two houseboats in the lower Willamette
       River are located at established marinas, in groups of 20 or
       more, which are within reasonable pumping distances of city  of
       Portland sewers.

             "6.  All but 10 or so houseboats in the Columbia River,
       adjacent to the Portland area, are in groups of 5 or more and
       subject to service by group facilities.

             "7.  The requirement for treatment of wastes from houseboats
       and boathouses would make  it possible to require installation of
       holding tanks on boats which could be pumped out for a nominal fee
       at practically any marina  or moorage along the River.

             "8.  It is believed  that the collection and treatment  of
       disposal of wastes from houseboats and boathouses could be required
       and enforced under existing state statutes and regulations."

The significant conclusions are contained in paragraphs 2 and 3 where it is
noted that the pollution load from the subject craft is relatively  small
compared to the total pollution load from all sources but that a nuisance
and health hazard is created by floating wastes.  The extent of the health
hazard could undoubtedly be debated at considerable length, but the nuisance
factor of floating waste materials cannot be refuted.  It is to be  noted that
no mention of trash, litter, or similar materials is made in the report.

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                                         - 4 -
The Michigan Report resulted in conclusions  very similar  to  those of the Oregon
Report.  The complete Summary and  Conclusions  can be  found on page 23 of the
Report and only selected  paragraphs  are reproduced here:

             "2.  While the  study  was  designed to obtain  data relative to
       sewage pollution and  sanitation conditions at  marinas it was evident
       from statements made  under  the  item 'comments'  on  the questionnaire
       that there was great  interest in watercraft safety (reckless driving,
       operator training,  and operator licensing)  and pollution other than
       sewage, i.e., trash,  garbage, beer cans,  wood  or other floating debris.

             "3. • The bacteriological  sampling program showed that the water
       quality at six of  the fourteen  stations was extremely variable with
       high coliform concentrations  a  significant percentage of the time.
       The eight remaining stations  showed a water quality quite variable
       but with coliform  concentrations under  2500 for 95% of the time
       and no statistically  significant difference detectable among these
       stations.  The water  quality  at all stations was so variable that
       there was no statistically  significant  difference  between any two
       stations or groups  of stations.   It was therefore  not possible to
       measure the effect  of pollution which might be contributed by a
       marina area into adjacent waters whether this  be a stream or along
       the shoreline of a  lake.

             "4.  The stations which showed  the  highest chloride con-
       centrations also showed some  of the highest biochemical oxygen
       demand concentrations and in  nearly the same order, namely (4, 5, 1,
       2, 8, and 3) and (5,  4, 1,  2, 8 and 3)  respectively.  Concentrations
       actually decreased  from a point on the  river above the marinas to
       a point on the river  below  the  marinas.   The opposite trend would
       be anticipated if pollution from marina areas  which might be
       detected by a sampling program  was contributing a  significant
       pollution load to  the receiving stream  in relation to pollution
       already in. the stream as measured by  these  parameters."

The Report also concluded, through the process of  deductive logic, that raw
sewage was being discharged  from recreational  watercraft:

             "8.  Observations of  watercraft use while away from home port
       indicate the majority of one  day trips  cover from  3-1/3 to 7 hours
       on the average and  it is evident that the head  would be used under
       these extended use  conditions.   Since the high  percentage of
       watercraft now in service are not equipped  with holding tanks for
       sewage or macerator chlorinator  devices,  raw sewage is being dis-
       charged into the waters of  the  state  from watercraft."

The Michigan Report made no  recommendation or  reference to the nuisance and/
or health hazards created by floating wastes,  nor  was  any reference made to
trash, garbage, and litter,  even though the Report  did mention that great
interest in these matters was  evidenced by the completed questionnaires
gathered as a part of the Report.  Both reports  concurred in the fact that
the pollution load attributable to houseboats  and  recreational watercraft
was relatively small and,  in fact, could  not even  be measured in Michigan.
Both also concluded that raw sewage  was  being  deposited in the water from
these craft.

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                                         - 5 -
An analysis of the questionnaires returned to the  Committee  established
the fact that very few officials believed that pollution attributable >;o
recreational watercraft was  much of a problem.  The  results  of  the question-
naire are summarized  in Appendix B but it should be  noted  that  an average of
all answers indicated that trash disposal from recreational  watercraft was
the greatest problem, followed by sewage, garbage  and waste,  in that order.

The Committee also reviewed  such information as was  available to determine
the number of recreational watercraft within their various registered fleets
that actually possessed marine toilets.   Inasmuch  as no statistical data
was available on this subject, it was necessary to resort  to  estimates.  It
was concluded, after  careful analysis, that a maximum of 10%  of the recrea-
tional watercraft of  any one state contained marine  toilets  and that the
national average would probably be less  than 5%.   Necessarily,  the craft with
marine toilets were the larger craft which are generally located on coastal
and Great Lakes waters rather than on small land-locked lakes.

The general use patterns followed by owners of recreational watercraft were
also noted.  It was found that only a very few watercraft were  used for
any extensive periods of time as dwellings but that, rather, most use was
concentrated on weekends, holidays, and  during summer vacations.  Further,
the boating season of most states was found to be  rather limited with the
exception of the southern, southwestern, and western states.  As an example,
it was noted that in  Michigan the boating season is  regarded  as extending
from May 1 to November 1, a  period of six months,  but that virtually all boat-
ing use was confined  to the  months of June through early October.  Even if it
was assumed that 10%  of all  recreational watercraft  in Michigan contained
marine toilets, that  six persons were regularly utilizing  the watercraft, and
that the average boat was in use in one  form pr another for 60  days per year,
the extent of pollution attributable to  these craft  would certainly have to
be classified as negligible.

                              COMMITTEE FINDINGS

From the two health reports  on this subject that were turned up by its research,
from the results of its questionnaire survey,  and  from the results of its own
independent analysis,  the only conclusion that can be reasonably established
and logically defended by this~Committee is that pollution from recreational
watercraft is, at most,  negligible.   This pollution  is so slight on the total
scale of pollutant sources that it is, at this time, unworthy of the consider-
able attention it has been given.

To support the finding of this Committee as to the relative insignificance of
pollution from recreational  watercraft,  the Committee draws the reader's atten-
tion to a report on pollution of the Detroit River and Lake Erie, released by
the U. S. Public Health Service on May 8,  1965.  The report resulted from a
two and one-half year study  by the Public Health Service of these.waters and
found that--pollution  had reached a stage hazardous to human health,  fish, wild-
life and recreation.   The report further claimed that 1.6 million gallons of
waste flows into the  Detroit  River annually,  "one-third from municipalities
and.two-thirds from industries."  The report charged that the Scott  Paper Com-
pany alone discharged wastes  "equivalent in oxygen-consuming capacity to the
untreated sewage from a  population of over  800,000 persons."

The report recommended "correcting the pollution from six municipalities, 42
industrial establishments, and three Federal installations" and estimated the

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cost of remedial measures  at  $200 million.   The  subject  is  still under debate
in Michigan and promises to be actively discussed  for many  years before the
situation outlined in the  report  is  corrected, if  ever.

Based on the assessment by the Committee of  the  total boating population in
this country with marine toilets, the patterns of  use of  such craft, ar.d the
total days per year they are  in operation,  it  is the opinion of this Committee
that the pollution of the  Detroit River which  is caused by  municipalities and
industries is of greater national concern than such pollution as is caused to
the nation's waters by the total  recreational boating fleet of this country,

But if the Committee is correct in its conclusion, then how can the vigorous
legislative activities in  this field on the  state  level and, now, on the Fed-
eral level, be explained?  The only  explanation  available to the Committee is
that curbing whatever pollution is attributable  to recreational watercraft is
considered to be reasonably easy, and is therefore a good place for health
officials wishing to make  a start in this field  to begin.   Further, because
such legislation affects a relatively small  percentage of the population of
a given state and because  the goal of the legislation is  admittedly for the
good of all, it is difficult  for  those opposed to  such regulation or the form
it takes to gain any appreciable  support for their position,,

If this has been, the source of the considerable  legislative activity on this
subject in the past, then  it  is the  inescapable  conclusion  of this Committee
that it will continue to be in the future«   That such legislation can and
often does impose incalculable and unnecessary hardships on recreational boat
owners hasn't deterred such efforts  in the past  and is unlikely to be of
greater significance in the future.

The Committee predicts that legislation prohibiting entirely the use of a
marine toilet on the waters of a  given state will  continue  to be passed in the
future as it has in the past,  even though no action of any  consequential nature
is taken by the same state to clean  up the h&avy pollution  of its waters
caused by municipal and industrial wastes.

What can and should recreational  boat owners or  the National Association of
State Boating Law Administrators  do  to correct this situation?  Should we
oppose each and every attempt  to  curb such pollution as can be attributed to
recreational boating because  it is of such insignificance in the total pollu-
tion picture?  Should we advocate a  total program to correct all pollution as
an alternative to regulations  covering boating alone?  Or should the Associa-
tion continually refer to  this report and its conclusions in hopes that this
alone will reduce legislative  activity in this field?

Reasonable though any of these courses of action may appear, it is obvious that
none of them will result in action favorable to  recreational boat owners,
Legislating against pollution in  any form is gaining popularity, and opposing
anti-pollut:.on legislation, or regulations is comparable to opposing motherhood
or the American flag,  The situation has  passed  the point where reasonableness
is a criteria so that concerted opposition to such regulation by recreational
boat owners or groups representing them,  regardless of the  facts in their
favor, will accomplish nothing constructive  and  might even result in the adop-
tion of harsher regulations than  would otherwise be the case,,

The Committee believes that what  must be  done by this Association and by other
recreational boating interest  groups  in the  country is recognize that regulation
of this problem, regardless of its significance, is certain to continue;  that

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                                         - 7  -
such regulations will continue to vary considerably  from  state  to  state;  that
many, if not a. majority, of  the regulations  in this  area  will be of  the type
completely prohibiting the discharge of wastes in any  form, whether  treated
or not, from marine toilets;  and that such regulations will be  injurious  to
the mobility of recreational  boating that  this Association is attempting  to
foster in other fields.

If this is so, then what can  be done to amend  or  modify these regulations so
that they are less injurious  to recreational boat owners  and to the mobility
of recreational craft?  The solution suggested by the  Committee is the prepara-
tion of a model law on this subject  that will  avoid  the shortcomings of most
of the present regulations and still alleviate the problem of the  discharge of
untreated wastes from recreational watercraft.

Before such legislation can ba effective,  however, there  must be available
anti-pollation devices capable cf installation on recreational  craft at a
reasonable cost.  An assessment of such devices is then necessary.,

             ANTI-POLLUTION DEVICES  FOR RECREATIONAL WATERCRAFT

There are three principal types of treatment devices now  available:

      1.  Chlorinators.  Chlorinators are  devices designed to hold  sewage  for
at least a nominal period of  time to permit  introduction  of dosages of dis-
infectants to kill bacteria contained therein. To meet any reasonable health
standard, such units must be  equipped with a macerator or with  some other type
of agitator which will cause  the breakup of  solids to permit disinfection and
to inhibit settling of solids in the chlorinator.

      2.  Incinerators.  These units are designed to trap the waste material,
generally in a previously inserted bag,  and  to hold  the materials until the
device is activated.  Upon activation,  the bag with  the sewage materials is
dropped into a burning chamber where it  is consumed  by a  burner which is
ignited by turning the burning control  as  prescribed.  These units are usually
provided with exhaust fans to remove odors from the  area  to over-board vents„
Generally, appropriate controls are  provided to assure that the device cannot
be activated whea the toilet  Is in use.

      3.  Holding Tanks.  A holding  tank is  simply a waste tank placed on board
the vessel and attached to the marine toilet so that all  materials are pumped
from the toilet into the tank.   Such devices can  be  emptied in one of two ways,
the first through a pump attachment  which  empties  the tank into a shoreside
sewer or septic tank and the  second  by  pumping the materials directly into the
waters of the lake.

Each of these units has some  disadvantages which  should be mentioned,

      1.  Chlorinators.  An "Evaluation  of Marine Toilet  Chlorinators" is a
report prepared by Syracuse University  in  1962 for the New York State Depart-
ment of Health and contains some excellent suggestions relative to the use of
Chlorinators.  This report as well as the  experience of others in using
Chlorinators indicates that the devices  must retain  the waste materials for a
minimal period of time to assure adequate  treatment  by the disinfectant used
with the device.  Also, should the boat  owner  allow  the disinfectant source
to become depleted, there is  no way  that the unit can be  designed to continue
to hold the materials until a disinfectant is  introduced.   It is believed that
this situation could be greatly alleviated simply by having manufacturers of

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                                         - 8 -
 such devices print on  the devices themselves or on literature  designed  to be
 placed in the head of  a  boat,  instructions as to its  use.   It  is not considered
 probable that many boat  owners who have had these units  installed will  permit
 them to be regularly operated  in a manner designed to destroy  their effective-
 ness .

      2.  Incinerators.   The principal objections to  units  of  this nature relate
 to their size and to the fact  that most use propane gas  as  fuel.  In other
 respects, they are considered  to be the most effective anti-pollutant device
 because they destroy the wastes entirely.  Although the  size limitation cannot
 easily be modified, the  danger of introducing propane gas on board a boat can
 be almost completely -reduced by a carefully designed  and proper installation
 of the unit and the fuel bottles.

      3.  Holding Tanks.  ' Units of this nature seem to have the greatest appeal
 to health officials, probably  because they are regarded  as  the next best thing
 to actually sealing a  toilet.   However, these installations are not without
 disadvantage.  If holding tanks are to be pumped ashore, relatively expensive
 sewer installations at marinas are required.  If they are to be emptied in
 outlying waters, the possibility of their being discharged  at  dockside  will
 continue to exist and, should  such happen, would completely negate the  instal-
 lation of the device.  Holding tanks also require considerable space on board
 boats where space, regardless  of the size of the boat, is always limited.
 Holding tanks should have chemicals added from time to time to reduce the
 increased bacteriological effects of retaining sewage for prolonged periods
 of time.  The longer such materials are retained without the introduction of
 appropriate chemicals, the more virulent the waste materials become.  However,
 it is believed that with the provision of appropriate instructions to the user,
 any boat owner utilizing such  an installation will assure that it is used
 properly.

 Although there are disadvantages to each of these units, it is not felt by the
 Committee that these are such  that the only alternative  to  continued pollu-
 tion is the sealing of toilets.  Certainly these units will perform with no
 less effectiveness than  the  average municipal sewage  treatment plant, and
 because of the boat owner's  interest in unpolluted waters,  it  is believed by
 the Committee that the units will be carefully and properly maintained  and
 operated.

 It is therefore the conclusion of the Committee that  suitable  and adequate
 devices are presently  available for installation aboard  recreational watercraft
 that will treat sewage to a  standard acceptable to most  health officials.  Since
 any of the three units above are acceptable treatment devices, and since the
 selection of one of the  three  by a boat owner will be based on personal con-
 siderations, it is recommended that a model law permit the  use of any of the
 three devices.

                                  MODEL LAW

After concluding that suitable anti-pollution devices  were  available for instal-
 lation on recreational watercraft,  the Committee requested  the Outboard Boating
 Club of America to prepare a isodel  law dealing with the  general subject of
 pollution from recreational  craft.   This  model law has been extensively reviewed
by the Committee and others, and suggested revisions  or modifications  incorpo-
 rated into the final draft which is included in this  Report as Appendix C.   This
model law provides for several features that are worthy  of  individual  mention.

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To assure that the standards  required by such legislation do not vary from
state to state, zhey have been incorporated  into  the model act as a pare
thereof.  This is most important,  for one of the  principal justifications of
this model act to the Committee has  been that adoption  thereof nationally
would greatly facilitate the  mobility of recreational craft.  If individual
standards could be established by  each state, this mobility would be completely
destroyed and the purpose of  the act entirely negated.

The Committee was also impressed by  testimony of  manufacturers of anti-
pollution devices wherein they pointed out to the Committee that the trend
in current legislation was  to require a complete  laboratory test of every
anti-pollution device by its  manufacturer before  the unit would be accepted
by the particular state.  In  aa. effort to reduce  this expense to the manu-
facturer, and to avoid duplicate tests of an almost identical nature, the
Committee has permitted the manufacturer in  the model law to certify in
writing on the basis of any test which the manufacturer makes of its unit,
whether or not the unit meets tha  requirements of the model act.

In other respects, the model  law has been drafted in such a manner as to
assure that it caa easily be  used  without major amendments in any State in
the country.  This was, of  course, done intentionally in hopes that the goal
of uniformity in this legislation  would be further accommodated.

                                   LITTER

During its investigations,  the Committee was impressed with the number of
persons who, when discussing  pollution from  recreational watercraft, were
concerned only with the depositing of trash,  garbage, and other materials in
the water which, perhaps, could be more appropriately termed "litter".  Before
receiving the results of its  questionnaire survey, it was the personal opinion
of most of the Committee members that the litter  problem was of greater concern
than the problem of pollution,'and the questionnaire results confirmed this
belief.

American ingenuity being what it is,  it appears that food and beverage con-
tainers are becoming more and more indestructible.  Milk cartons, beverage
cans and bottles, and other food containers  are not only extremely resistant
to deterioration through exposure  to the elements, but most of them float,
resulting in their accumulation on the beaches adjacent to heavily used
waterways.  Even when the items washed up on the  beach are not necessarily
dangerous to humans, they offend the senses  because they are so foreign to
the area.  Since they do not  appear  to naturally  waste away and since they
are not capable of being eaten by  fish,  fowl, or  wildlife, the only way they
can be removed is through human action and such is difficult, if not impos-
sible, when the cost of patrolling the thousands  of miles of shoreline of this
nation is considered.

This does not mean that recreational  boat  owners  are the primary offenders
in this area.  There is no  question  in the Committee's mind that a substan-
tial amount of this litter  is being  deposited by  the crews of commercial
vessels plying these waters.  Because  such crews  eat all meals on board and
naturally consume a far greater amount of  foods per person than is consumed
by recreational boat owners who, although  greater in numbers, cruise much less
and appear to eat on board  less  frequently,  it is apparent that the continued
practice of dumping all waste materials  over  the  side into the waters will
result in a large accumulation  of  litter  on  the beaches

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                                         - 10 -
The litter problem is not easily resolved  simply by passing legislation.
This is a problem which can only be  resolved  through a direct attack utilizing
all possible means to educate every  segment of  the public as to the problem
and its likely effects if not abated.  Appropriate legislation can be helpful,
however, to ensure that marinas and  public boating facilities provide trash
receptacles and that commercial vessels are required by law to destroy materials
through incineration or to place them  in trash  receptacles for disposal on
shore.  Because of this, provisions  of this nature are included in the model
law recommended herein by the Committee.

                                 IN  CLOSING

The Committee has attempted to maintain an objective approach to the problems
covered by this report.  As more and more  evidence was uncovered indicating
the miniscule nature of the pollution problem and the gargantuan efforts being
made by persons who should know better to  correct it, the objectivity of the
Committee lessened considerably.  Still, -we believe we have well and amply sup-
ported our conclusions herein.

The Committee was appalled at the tremendous  amount of industrial waste and
untreated sewage being regularly deposited in the lakes, streams and rivers
of this country.  Although it was gratifying  to the Committee to establish to
its complete satisfaction that virtually none of this pollution was the
result of the use of recreational watercraft, this limited satisfaction was
completely overwhelmed fay the staggering knowledge of the condition of much
of our water.  Indeed, unless much stronger efforts to correct this situation
are made in the future than have been made in the past, there may well be no
recreational watercraft in existence to worry about because no waters suitable
for recreation will remain.

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APPENDIX A
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I            QUESTIONNAIRE ON WATER POLLUTION BY  RECREATIONAL WATERCRAFT
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STATE OF  MICHIGAN
GEORGE ROMNEY, GOVERNOR
JDO4 CADILLAC SQUARE BUILDING
   DETROIT, MICHIGAN 4B226
LEONARD H. THOMSON
  DETROIT

OR. WALLACE 8. WILLMAN
  TMAVCRSC CITY

LDUia H. TREYC
  ROMCO

CHARLES A. BOYER
  MANIITCC

VDLMAR J. MILLER
  PAW PAW

KEITH WILSON, DIRECTOR
TEL. 222-ieac
                                                         May 25,  1964
       Dear Sir:

       The National Association of Boating Lav Administrators is an organization
       consisting of State officials concerned with programs  involving the
       registration, regulation, and development  of facilities for recreational
       watercraft.

       Because of the considerable concern being  expressed throughout the
       country at this time about the continuing  pollution of our waters, it is
       the desire of this Association to determine  the extent of such pollution
       attributable to recreational boating.  After basic determinations of
       this type have been made, it is the further  intent of  the Association
       to make recommendations to the various  States of ways  to combat pollution
       from this source.

       To assist the Association's Pollution Study  Committee,  it is requested
       that you complete the enclosed questionnaire and return it to the
       Outboard Boating Club of America which  is  serving  as special Staff
       Assistant to the Committee on this  study.  If you  are  unable to complete
       the questionnaire yourself, it is requested  that the form be forwarded
       to the appropriate State agency having  jurisdiction over this matter.

       Your cooperation in this important  study will be most  sincerely ap-
       preciated.
                                     Very truly yours,
                                     Keith Wilson
                                     Chairman, Pollution  Study Committee,
                                     National Association of Boating
                                     Law Administrators

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            QUESTIONNAIRE ON WATER POLLUTION BY RECREATIONAL WATERCRAFT


                Completed by


                   NAME          	


                   REPRESENTING	


                   ADDRESS       	


The object of this questionnaire is to try to develop information and data on
the extent of water pollution attributable to recreational boating, whether or
not such pollution is a significant factors and the nature and measure of cor-
rective action to be taken, if any, which will provide a remedy without unduly
penalizing the boat owner.


For purposes of this study, the term "recreational watercraft" is defined as
every description of vessel, regardless of method of propulsion, which is used
or capable of being used as a means of locomotion on the water for recreational
pursuits.


1.  Can you estimate, from boat registration data or any other appropriate
source, the number of recreational watercraft in your State with marine toilets?
Yes 	  No 	


2.  If the answer is "Yes," please indicate in the following space how many
recreational watercraft with marine toilets you estimate to be operating on
waters in your State. 	;	:	-   - -•


3.  If your area of jurisdiction is defined other than by state boundaries,
please explain and, if possible, estimate the number of recreational watercraft
with marine toilets in your area, 	
4.  Can the total number of recreational watercraft with marine toilets in your
State or area be broken down according to boat size?  Yes 	  No 	


5.  If the answer is "Yes," please indicate in the spaces below the number of
recreational watercraft with marine toilets in your State or area in each of
the following size groups;
                           __	 Less than 26 feet in length
                           	 26 feet to less than 40 feet in length
                           	 40 feet to not more than 65 feet in length

6.  If you have a numerical breakdown of recreational watercraft with marine
toilets classified other than by size or length of the vessel,  we would appreci-
ate having this information,  Please show any such data in the  following space.
7.  Can you estimate the number of recreational watercraft without  marine  toilets
in your State or area?  Yes 	  No 	


8.  If the answer is "Yes/1 please indicate how many.	

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9.  Below are listed the types of water, some or all of which may exist in your
State or area.  Please mark the degree and kind of pollution FROM RECREATIONAL
CRAFT ONLY on your waters,

Mark the degree of pollution by circling #1, 2, 3 or 4.  For example,  on rivers
and streams, sewage and/or garbage, trash and waste FROM RECREATIONAL  CRAFT are
possibly contributing to pollution.  If. in your State or area,  sewage is a MAJOR
contributor to pollution, circle #1; if MODERATE, circle #2; if  a MINIMAL contrib-
utor, circle #3; if it does NOT contribute, circle #4.  Do the same with garbage,
trash and waste, marking the degree of each in each type of water.
                                  SEWAGE
               GARBAGE
TRASH
WASTE
 EXAMPLE:  RIVERS AND STREAMS
DEFINITIONS
12(3)4   1  2 (|)  4   1(2^34    123
Sewage:  The contents of a drain, espe-
         cially human excrement.
Garbage; For example, animal or vegeta-
         ble matter from a kitchen, mar-
         ket or store.
Trash:   Something discarded as no longer
         useful or not useablc, espe-
         cially paper, metal, wood, glass
         or plastic products.
Waste:   Material lost or unused  during
         a process, leakage, e.g., motor
         oil.
                 KEY

                 1  Circling this  number means
                    that  the kind  of  pollution
                    listed is a MAJOR contributor
                    to pollution in your area.
                 2  Circling this  number means
                    a MODERATE contribution  to
                    pollution.
                 3  Circling this  number means
                    a MINIMAL contribution to
                    pollution.
                 4  Circling this  number means
                    NO contribution to pollution.
TYPE OF WATER
   KIN PS   O.F	PO  L L U T I 0 N


COASTAL OR OCEAN
GREAT LAKES
INLAND LAKES
Under 500 acres
500 acres or over
RIVERS AND STREAMS
RESERVOIRS
SEWAGE

1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
GARBAGE

1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
TRASH

1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
WASTE

1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234

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                                          - 3 -
 10.  How is the problem of pollution from recreational watercraft being bandied
 in your State or area:  by regulation? 	 by education? 	 otherwise? 	
 Please elaborate.
11.  Do you have any suggested solutions over and above what is already being
done to combat .pollution from recreational watercraft in your State or area?
12.  To your knowledge, have any studies been made in your State or area regard-
ing contribution to the water pollution problem by recreational watercraft?
Yes 	  No 	   (In answering the foregoing, you may include studies by public
health or water pollution agencies of Federal, state or local government, and/or
studies by universities and private research organizations or any other studies
of which you may know.)
If the answer is "Yes," and copies of these studies are available in your files,
we would greatly appreciate your sending one of each to us along with this com-
pleted questionnaire.
If extra copies of these studies are unavailable to you, it is requested that you
furnish all appropriate names and addresses where we can write for copies of such
studies.  Please give these sources of information in the space provided below.
13.  In your opinion, are boating groups and individuals self-policing in efforts
they make to keep the water clean and shoreside areas clean for their own sake?
14.  Do you think marinas are contributing to water pollution by lack of adequate
facilities at docking and mooring areas to remove sewage from boats  or garbage
and trash deposited in the water?  Yes 	  No 	   Please  comment.  	

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   15.  Additional comments, if any
                                          - 4 -
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•         PLEASE RETURN THIS  QUESTIONNAIRE, UPON  COMPLETION TO:

                                          OUTBOARD  BOATING CLUB OF AMERICA
                                          1307 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE
                                          CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS          60601



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APPENDIX B
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                     FINDINGS  OF  WATER POLLUTION QUESTIONNAIRE  SURVEY

                               Scale  of Degree  of Pollution
                                   l-.O - 1.5    Major
                                   1.6 - 2.5    Moderate
                                   2.6 - 3.5    Minimal
                                   3.6 - 4.0    No problem
  CIND OF WATER
                                    SEWAGE
GARBAGE
TRASH
WASTE
AVERAGE VALUE
  OF ANSWER
(MsTAL/OCEAN
^30 responding)
GKAT LAKES*
(7 responding)


INLAND LAKES
»der 500 acres
50 responding)
0 acres or over
(45 responding)


RIVERS AND STREAMS
g54 responding)
RESERVOIRS
• 43 responding)
AIKRAGE VALUE OF ANSWER
3.0
2.9




3.2
3.1



3.1

3.2

3.1
3.3
2.9




3.2
3.0



3.2

3.1

3.2
3.1
2.7




2.8
2.7



3.0

2.9

2.9
3.3
3.1




3.1
3.1



3.1,

3.3

3.2
3.2
2,9




3.1
3.0



3.1

3.1


I
  ow is the problem of pollution from recreational watercraft being handled in your state or
  rea?  (52 responding)
                         Regulation  42.3%
                                                  Education  21.2%
                             Both   36.5 %
H.re boating groups and individuals self-policing in efforts they make to keep the water and
 shoreside areas clean for their own sake?  (58 responding)
I                                                           Boating groups and clubs are
                         Yes  39.6%       No  46.6%        but not individuals    13.8%
I
  o you think marinas are contributing to water pollution, etc.?  (61 responding)
          t                            f
                         Yes  62.3%                        No	37.7%
I  he figures for the Great Lakes may be misleading inasmuch as the total number of responses
  oncerning this type of water was only seven.   Therefore, a single extreme response will
 affect the final average answer more than a single such response would in any of the other
  IND OF WATER categories.
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9i State and Federal agencies who answered the questionnaire only 8 cited pollution from rec-
tional watercraft as a major contributor to the over-all water pollution problem by circling
oflthe questionnaire form.   They and the kind of pollution they stressed are as follows:

                                             5.
 Division of Water Safety
   Iabama Conservation Department
   Sewage and waste on rivers and streams

  |ief Sanitary Engineer
   cansas State Board of Health
 -^Trash on lakes under 500 acres; trash
   and waste on lakes 500 acres or over;
 •trash and waste on rivers and streams;
 •garbage, trash and waste on reservoirs

    rgia Department of Public Health
    arbage and trash on lakes under 500
   acres
    «higan Department of Health
    rash on Great Lakes
 I
Sanitary Engineering Division
North Carolina State Board of Health
—Sewage on coastal or ocean waters, lakes
  under 500 acres, lakes over 500 acres,
  rivers and streams, and reservoirs

Municipal Waste Section
Division of Water Resources
West Virginia Department of Natural Resources
—Sewage and waste on rivers and streams
                                             7. .Region 6, U. S. Forest Service
                                                 (Oregon and Washington)
                                                 —Trash on lakes under 500 acres

                                             8.  Boat License Division
                                                 Illinois Department of Conservation
                                                 —Sewage and waste on rivers and streams
                           AGENCIES RESPONDING TO QUESTIONNAIRE
   3n of Water Safety
   a Conservation Department

   igistration Branch
   a Motor Vehicle Division

    [uality Control Board
    nia Resources Agency
:r ^Pollution Control  Engineer
      Department  of Public  Health

.tary Engineering Division
aefticut  State  Department of Health

.1 Boat Safety  Division
   re Commission  of Shell Fisheries

.neer
     Board  of Conservation

.sRn of  Water  Resources
rida Board  of Conservation

:gm>. Department of Public Health

'.twnental  Health Engineering
ill Department  of Health
 Djlotor
         Vehicle  Bureau
                                             Division of Public Health
                                             Alaska Department of Health & Welfare

                                             Chief Sanitary Engineer
                                             Arkansas State Board of Health

                                             California Division of Small Craft Harbors

                                             Bureau of Sanitary Engineering
                                             California Department of Public Health

                                             Chief Boat Warden
                                             Colorado Game, Fish & Parks Department

                                             Boating Safety Commission
                                             Connecticut Dept.  of Agric. & Natural Resources

                                             Harbor Precinct
                                             Washington, D. C.  Metropolitan Police Department

                                             Florida Boating Council

                                             Bureau of Sanitary Engineering
                                             Florida State  Board of Health

                                             Georgia Game & Fish Commission

                                             Harbors Division
                                             Hawaii Department  of Transportation

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                                           - 3 -
im Health Biologist
ineering and Sanitation Division
hilBDepartment of Health

sas Forestry, Fish & Game Commission

tiHky Water Pollution Control Commission

ne Water Improvement Commission
      Engineer
yland Department of Water Resources

sJhusetts Division of Motorboats

i^an State Waterways Commission

tWn of Water Pollution Control
lesota Department of Health

e»Pollution Board
souri Department of Public Health & Welfare

tMa Pollution Control Sect., Aquatic Biol,
tana State Board of Health

tng Division
rsRca Game, Forestation & Parks Commission

oifloat Section
a
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                                             -  4  -
sxas Department of Health                      Motor Vehicle Division
                                              Texas Highway Department
   Boating Division
                                              Virginia Commission of Game & Inland Fisheries
   tary Engineering Section       ;
   ngton State Department of Health           Washington Pollution Control Commission

   ipal Waste Section                         West Virginia Department of Health
   ion of Water Resources
   Virginia Department of Natural Resources   Port Advisor
                                              Wisconsin Department of Resource Development
   ary Engineering
   nsin State Board of Health                 Wisconsin Department of Conservation

      Game & Fish Commission                  Wyoming Department of Public Health
;I
 1
    COAST GUARD

1?3 District (New Jersey, Connecticut, Vermont, portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware)

     District (Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, portions of Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi,
               Georgia and Florida)

IKeenth District (Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana)
 I
i    BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

   n 2  (California)

g»n 4  (Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona)

igion 5  (Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico)

 I
 S. FOREST SERVICE

:gMn 5  (California)

.gion 6  (Oregon and Washington)


:reau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife          National Park Service
     L Office, Oregon                         National Capital Region
adquarters                                    Tennessee Valley Authority
   u of Outdoor Recreation
  I

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                  ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS 11 AND 15
               OF WATER POLLUTION QUESTIONNAIRE SUBMITTED BY WATER
  POLLUTION STUDY COMMITTEE, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BOATING LAW ADMINISTRATORS

It would appear from the questionnaire that the pollution problem created by
recreational watercraft is considered to be, in most waters, negligible.  A few
quotes from the questionnaire will suffice in this regard:

     "In my opinion, pollution from recreational craft is infinitesimal."

     "Make cities and communities put in proper disposal plants.  Get at the
     source — clean up the big polluters like cities, towns, industry and
     shore cottages."

     "Most of the trash in our freshwater streams is left by people fishing
     on the banks."

Answers to the questionnaire indicated that, of the small part of the pollution
problem created by recreational watercraft, trash thrown overboard by individuals
was of the greatest concern.  Most individuals believed that members of boating
organizations, clubs, etc., are fairly well self-policing.  The majority of those
replying suggested education through literature, posters, and clubs as the best
and ultimate solution to stopping whatever pollution is being contributed by
recreational watercraft users — "the water they pollute is their own" idea.  An
example of a successful education program against water pollution is that con-
ducted by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, which has done a
big job in the last few years through educational programs.

It was the consensus of those replying that the marine toilet is not a noticeable
contributor to water pollution where it exists, with the exception of a few areas
of heavy boating concentration, notably marinas.  Those replying said that marinas
could and should solve their problems by providing adequate shore facilities and
regulating marine toilet use by those docked at the marina.  Rough figures
indicate that on a nationwide average, less than 10% of all recreational water-
craft have marine toilets.  Necessarilyt these are larger craft which are found
more often on coastal and Great Lakes waters than on small land-locked lakes.

With the expected increase in recreational boating, there was some concern
expressed about marine toilets becoming a pollution problem in the future.  Most
thoughts expressed in this area were that if the problem does arise, it could
best be handled by installation of various treatment devices on marine toilets,
including chlorination, incineration, and holding tank systems.   Where there are
regulations, the trend is noticeably away from toilet sealing restrictions and
toward treatment systems.  The sealing restrictions, operating against nature,
decidedly discourage recreational boating and also create administrative headaches.

Virtually all who made suggestions of any nature, stressed the idea of uniformity
among the states in implementing regulations to control this matter.  Without
uniformity, it was felt that new regulations would be unreasonably burdensome
on interstate boaters as well as difficult to enforce.

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                APPENDIX C



A MODEL ACT TO PROHIBIT LITTERING AND THE


 DISPOSAL OF UNTREATED SEWAGE FROM BOATS

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                 A MODEL ACT TO PROHIBIT LITTERING AND THE DISPOSAL OF
                               UNTREATED SEWAGE FROM BOATS
     TITLE
     An Act to regulate the disposal of sewage from watercraft and to prohibit
     littering of waterways

§ 1. DEFINITIONS
     For purposes of this Act, unless the context clearly requires a different
     meaning:
     (a)  The  term "watercraft11 means any contrivance used or capable of being
     used for  navigation upon water whether or not capable of self-propulsion,
     except passenger or cargo-carrying vessels subject to the Interstate
     Quarantine Regulations of the United States Public Health Service adopted
     pursuant  to Title 42 United States Code § 241 and 243.
     (b)  The  term "sewage" means all human body wastes.
     (c)  The  term "litter" means any bottles, glass, crockery, cans, scrap
     metal, junk, paper,, garbage, rubbish, or similar refuse discarded as no
     longer useful or useable.
     (d)  The  term "marine toilet" means any toilet on or within any watercraft
     to discharge waste.
                                                 r
     (e)  The  term "waters of this State" means all of the waterways on which
     watercraft shall be; used or operated.
          Note:  In some states it may be desired to limit the application of
          this Act to certain waters only and thereby exempt large bodies of
          water or wates areas that are remote from population centers and on
          which there is no congestion and no conceivable boat pollution prob-
          lem.  The waters subject to pollution control under this Act could
          be enumerated or the state agency which is designated to administer
          the  Act could be authorized to make a finding that a particular
          waterway should or should not be. affected.
     (f)  The  term "person" means an individual, partnership, firm, corporation,
     association, or other entity.
     (g)  The  term "Department" means the (name of the State agency which shall
     administer this Act).

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               The choice of agency lies within the discretion of each state.   It
               is recommended, however, that consideration be given to the state
               agency dealing with boating matters in general.
     § 2. LITTERING OR POLLUTING WATER - RESTRICTIONS
          (a)   No person shall place,,  throw, deposit, or discharge, or cause to be
          placed, thrown, deposited,  or discharged into the waters of this State,
          any  litter, sewage, or other liquid or solid materials which render  the
          water unsightly, noxious or  otherwise unwholesome so as to be detrimental
          to the .public health or welfare or to the enjoyment of the water for rec-
          reational purposes.
          (b)   It shall be unlawful to discharge,  dump, deposit or throw,  garbage
          into the waters of this State from a watercraft engaged in commerce.
•             This section is deemed  sufficiently broad .and flexible to prohibit
"             any act committed on shore, in the  water, or. from aboard any descrip-
               tion of watercraft, which litters or tends to pollute the water.
I   § 3. MARINE TOILETS - RESTRICTIONS
•        (a)   No marine toilet on any watercraft  used or operated upon waters of
          this State shall be operated so as to. discharge any untreated sewage into
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          said waters  directly or indirectly.
          (b)   No  person owning or operating  a watercraft  with a marine  toilet  shall
          use, or  permit the .use of,  such toilet  on the  waters of  this State, unless
          the  toilet is  equipped with facilities  that  will .adequately treat, hold,
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          incinerate or otherwise handle sewage in a manner that is  capable of pre-
          venting wat^r .pollution.
          (c)   No container of  sewage  shall  be  placed,  left, discharged  or  caused  to
          be placed,  left  or  discharged  in.or near  any  waters of  this  State by  any
          person at any time.
               This section prohibits  the  discharge of  any untreated sewage from
               marine toilets.
     §  4.  MARINE TOILETS - POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES
          (a)   After  the effective date  of this Act every marine  toilet  on  watercraft

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     used or operated upon the waters of this State shall be equipped with

     a suitable pollution control device in operating condition.

     (b)  Pollution control devices that are acceptable for purposes of this

     Act are:

          1.  Facilities that macerate or grind sewage solids and which, by

          chlorination or other means, disinfect the remnants before discharge

          into the water.

          2.  Holding tanks which retain toilet wastes for disposal at dockside

          or on-shore pumping facilities or in deep waters away from shore.

          3. . .Incinerating type devices which reduce toilet wastes to ash.

          4.  Any other device that is tested by a recognized testing labo-

          ratory and determined to be effective in arresting the possibility

          of pollution from sewage passing into or through marine toilets.

          This section recognizes that there are a variety of devices on the
          market designed to eliminate the possibility of water pollution
          from sewage passing into or through toilets aboard watercraft.  Many
          of these devices have been tested by various state public health
         -and -water pollution control, agencies and independent laboratories
          and found to be efficient for their purpose.  However, with further
          improvements and innovations likely in this product area in the
          future, it is unwise to "freeze" specifications for such devices in
          statutory language.  All technological changes can be readily incor-
          porated into rules and regulations.

          The desirability of nationwide uniformity in requirements for
          marine toilet pollution control devices cannot be emphasized too
     •j   strongly.  Boatmen will have to incur additional expense to install
          and maintain such devices.  It would be a hardship and an incon-
          venience for boatmen traveling from state to state to be subjected
          to different jurisdictional standards of acceptability of these
          devices.

§ 5. MARINE TOILETS - CHEMICAL TREATMENT FACILITIES - STANDARDS

     (a)  Every chlorinator or chemical treatment facility shall be securely

     affixed to the interior discharge opening of a marine toilet, and all

     sewage passing into or through such toilet shall pass solely through such

     treatment facility.

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 (b)  Sewage passing through a marine toilet equipped with a chlorinator
 or chemical treatment facility shall be deemed untreated unless the efflu-
 ent meets the following minimum standards:
     1.  Sufficiently divided into fine particles so as to be free of
     unsightly solids.
     2.  Containing 1,000 or less coliform per 100 ml.
     This standard meets the requirements of the U. S. Public Health Serv-
     ice and is acceptable by most state public health agencies for swim-
     ming and bathing purposes.
 (c)  The chlorinator or chemical treatment facility shall be of a type
which functions automatically with the operation of the marine toilet,
 does not depend on septic action as part of its treatment, is easy to
 clean and maintain, and does not permit the escape of dangerous gases or
obnoxious odors.
 (d)  The disinfecting agent used in the facility shall be of a kind that
does not necessitate too frequent replenishment, is easily obtainable, and
          when discharged as a part of the effluent is not toxic to humans, fish or
wildlife.
     The foregoing standards are generally acceptable under existing state
     marine chlorinator laws.  In the interest of uniformity they are rec-
     ommended to other states proposing the adoption of such laws.
•   16. MARINE TOILETS - STANDARDS FOR MANUFACTURERS OF POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES
          Every manufacturer of a marine toilet pollution control device described
•        in this Act shall certify to the Department in writing that  his product
          meets the standards set forth in this Act or in any implementing regula-
j§        tions adopted by the Department.  Every such certified statement shall
•        be accompanied by a test report showing that the product meets the pre-
          scribed standards.   It shall be unlawful to sell or to offer for sale in
•        this  State any marine toilet pollution control device  that has not been.
          so certified and approved by the Department.
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     § 7. CERTIFICATE OF NUMBER
I        The Department may require persons making application for a certificate




          of number for a watercraft pursuant to (statutory citation of State Boat




|        Numbering Act to be entered here) to disclose whether such watercraft has




m        within or on it a marine toilet, and if so, to certify that such toilet




          is equipped with a suitable pollution control device as required by this




I        Act.  The Department is further empowered to direct that the issuance of




          a certificate of number or a renewal thereof be withheld if such device




|        has not been installed as required by this Act.




•   § 8. ON-SHORE TRASH RECEPTACLES




          The owner or whoever is lawfully vested with the possession, management




•        and control of a marina or other waterside facility used by watercraft




          for launching, docking, mooring and related purposes shall be required




|        to -have trash receptacles or similar devices designed for the depositing




tm        of trash and refuse at locations where they can be conveniently used by




          watercraft occupants.




I   § 9. EDUCATION                                . ,




          The Department is hereby authorized to undertake and to enlist the sup-




|        port and cooperation of all agencies, Apolitical subdivisions, and organ-




•        izations in the conduct of a public educational program designed to inform




          the public of the -undesirability of depositing trash, litter, and other




•        materials in the waters of this State and of the penalties provided by




          this Act for such action, and use funds provided by the Legislature for




|        this purpose.   The Department is further authorized to utilize all means




          of communication in the conduct of this program.




      10. ENFORCEMENT




•        All watercraft located upon waters of this State shall be subject to




          inspection by the Department or any lawfully designated agent or inspector




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          thereof  for  the  purpose  of  determining whether such  watercraft  is  equipped




I         in compliance  herewith.   The Department is  further authorized to  inspect




          marinas  or other waterside  public facilities  used by watercraft for  launch-




    '      Ing,  docking or  mooring  purposes to  determine whether  they  are  equipped




I         with  trash receptacles and/or  sewage disposal equipment.




    §  11.  LOCAL REGULATIONS PROHIBITED




          Through  the  passage  of this Act, the State  fully reserves to itself  the




m         exclusive right  to establish requirements with reference to the disposal




          of sewage from watercraft.  In order to ensure state-wide uniformity,  the




I         regulation by  any political subdivision of  the State of sewage  disposal




          from  watercraft  is prohibited.




    I  12.  RULES AND REGULATIONS




_         The Director of  the  Department  is hereby authorized  and empowered  to make,




™         adopt, promulgate, amend and repeal  all rules and regulations necessary,




I         or convenient  for the carrying  out of duties  and obligations and powers




          conferred on the Department by  this  Act.




    S  13.  FILING OF REGULATIONS




.         A  copy of the  regulations adopted pursuant  to this Act and  any  of  the




    •      amendments thereto,  shall be filed in the office of  the Department and




•         in the office  of the (official  State record keeping  agency) .  Rules and




          regulations  shall be published  by the Department in  a convenient form.




    §14.  PENALTIES




_         (a)   Every manufacturer  of. a marine  toilet  pollution control- device who




™         violates Section 6 of this Act  or any" regulations adopted by -the Depart-




I         ment  pursuant  thereto shall be  deemed guilty  of a misdemeanor and upon




          conviction shall be  punished with a 'fine of not more than $ _ .




          (b)   Any person who  violates any other  provision of  this Act or regula-




          tions of the Department  adopted  pursuant thereto shall be deemed guilty
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of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished with a fine of
not more than $	, or by imprisonment of not more than 	 days,
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          or by both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.
I  I 15. SAVINGS CLAUSE
          If any court shall find any section or sections of this Act to be uncon-
•        stitutional or otherwise invalid, such findings shall not affect the
•        validity of any sections of this Act which can be given effect.
    I 16. EFFECTIVE DATE
•        The provisions of this Act with reference to requiring watercraft with
          toilet facilities to be equipped with pollution control devices shall
•        take effect three years from the date of the adoption of this  Act.  The
•        provisions of this Act prohibiting littering the waterways shall take
          effect immediately.
•  •           It is suggested that the effective date of this  Act be delayed so
               that all persons affected by its provisions will have a reasonable
               amount of time to become acquainted with it and  secure the required
•             treatment devices.

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                                                                  EXHIBIT B
 Division oF Water Supply end Pollution Control
       Washi.-.gton, D. C. 20201
          DICES? OF STATE LAWS  *
                   FOR .
SANITARY FACILITIES FOR  BOATS ArIB MARINAS
BY
THOMAS P. KSLf,£H£X
PROGRAM PLANNING  OFFICER FOR BOATS M
                                        MARINAS
Prepared as a  Service to the States and  Others
Interested in  the  control of Boat and Marina Pollution
March 15, 1S55

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Section 22-132
    pci'-os ^.;o deposits
siir.;!!  o?r Tcyl  is aay
     ---iislf o£  £hs Ji
go  fco tt',2 i^^ors^.r
                            lia scd  eg a c^'
    :icr. 22-133
IS skill ctf; iCila;?f'.;.l fc-r  say pcrr-^a so feiC-jii-^Iy ds^asifc  cny 
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i^pccs 3 « Seisins aud tf.sjy.-r Spss

cesiea S-3I1
dc.briCp  ^ilchy or edor.iJierac:.  cjcei/tj,  c
cay cr^Ccivays or  £;;? £fcorcli.ar,2 of .^sy  v^
      d iar-'- of
                                                or  J.eiv\i rf;fi-
                                                i^csa 01* oiLii
                                                Jwiye  of the 2
                                                                trc:c*a ca
Soeticn. S°3i2
&,  £.11 pcsea ofJJicc^s cf  tLc ^ia^e,,  esisus
                                             it;: asd  eiticc c^ill c^fos'
        3-31
                         si, .Is  ^.::
cot
         lo by a  fi'.vc cf rios  t^sra cilia ySC'XCO, ty lf;r»rijcr...'^,rit £or
          szbcs 50 dc^-, cr tcsh.
         I.)
                                    (iclicd
                                              'S of  15S3, Clc.-;e:ci- ICO,

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                              riC'S^LsT Session
                            Act  iV/, l-;a  1965
                            KCU2-S 2111 Ha, 362

All AC? to re^ulr-Ca  rarfiis to.-' lets a^d dicc-osal of soi^

Es IS  Srtactcd by  the: Gar-r.r-l /^tcn.bly of efco Ss^-te of A

     Section 1.   BcJJinltio;^.   /Ls used in  this /.ct9 tba
  all  havs ti::^ £c- 1 ice/ins laaaalr.sa :
                                                                 a bents.
                                                                     s vordo
      (a)  "£3 -I t;'3 cca-is MT/ vsocol or yatcrcrofj; novsJ by  c3 v.po;i ftka tracer i-'hotii-cr or r.oi ccpj.ils of aelf-
locc-^attcrs; ir.eludlay baf i^o£  limited £o hotics bciCS^ barges sr.d sini
      (b)  ''i-idrinc  toilers" r.ca;:,^  criy SoXlcs  on or wish in  csy boat,


      (c)  "tJaterg  OK  fchs Ctcita" ri.ais .-ill stress, lc!:;5,  mrchcs, por.da,
c£hor  bodiG/3 or .'.ecur.ula.sicnr  of t-js-Sir, naCursl or iirsificic;!, public or
private ,  uhich ^rci  coafcciiridd cii:hln or £icu through thj  territorial  juris-
diction of tho ££a£&.


     (d)  "Sct-vga" 2xan5 all ^it^ti iody -«?dijS&.
                                                    •
     Section 2,  Act.;  FrC'hlw-fead.  Mo r^rlne Izoliot o& .scy boat, o?c-rctcd
u-^on c.-tcrj of £Ua  o-cafcr^ £U.:iL  bo. co cc/rsi;£:vucso,d ar.cl o^^r^ccd £j to cia-
clusr^c. ti'y lr.a.-]cc£aly treated cct?2^G be rcr.uDvccl  froci any bo^t  ca.d placed,  lof£,
clicc;;.i'i:2-s- c- s^«i:cd eo &•:« ?laj&d, 07 diccli^vcad ia or r.cc:r esy watorj of
£".:3 Scsto ri£ r^sy cir^s  by c-ny person ^icchor or r.os Ls 1- £hs cr^sor,  cjccctor,
  scc  O'iv  ccccp^n*; oT a bo^t.
     EGciicr. 3a  KariatJ Toilctc,   £r.y Z^rir^  ?olle£ lositcd or» or 'within
cny beat excreted  en fri£ar£ of  t!:c Ctcis chs!! h^va securely cfi'ii^d  to
Civs is^riGE cics^c-rsc opcr^'.r,;;  ox7 tti Soilcc  £ .^uilr.blc  ercstrcac <2cvico
in cperc-tir.j cor.diliioa,, cc.'.oLrucecd £ii4 ^istcncvi is sccor.-1.rice; oith rc^J-
laCicr;3  cf t'/.s CSitc Eccird if ilc.i',^. oj: eora  o^.cr trc-cLtr^aa fccility cr
r,t3£Lod cuthoricc-d  by rc^ulri-ion of £t:^ £'i:^cc  ?.o£i:d of I!ialc:i«  ^.11 ccucc3
pissir.5  ifiCo Clyi vcsci^rs of £';.n  «caes £rorr» boats eUsli p^cc colely thrcujh
etc cuiccble erc,<2L*c
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                                               5-U!.
         IK
         *"	———	-,.~—. i. .-^..— ^  ^,. -•—„-.—-...-, ,-
         Prohibit^ £i:c diselii^,"  by av.vo^?, oJ iar^c  or  iadustris.1  van to  irs csy
         ESGECT ubicTi will i*c  «;t;3  r;cv;-i^r.l>l& v^fccrs  of  uha  S^ce fvos  -ar.y vessel
         •4 f* <  fT1? i<7 r*^ -r -*--<-•,— *j» .< s" ••? -v-,~- N  •* T.  •-*•&*  t^ ft-*- •;•**"•.* — *>*• • t*
         ^u ti  i~i._».i<-;.-j.,.^*,--;.,itJ ^ \>«-^tj-O;.* *«•  J*.^\ cl«i  *•<•—<— A t^J ^.^^ -f *

         ITfeo c-soz'^r.^  o:  a l;wui^:>{>,*t or  Iie';£ ucr.d GS & rcr-i-ieasG on  i^y t,V:£crs within
         f*"""^ T"^'^ ^ f "' ^.^r^---r^  C1^"*"  ^«-^* ^**~/V '^:'r*  7^ "2 ' >U 'T. IT *^~ *"• *i* n °* it- ^ J J^ 4 -*~ - ?  /* ^——•*—:   f -«  «••? ^^^>-*"*l ^'^•*»"x*
         LwO Li.iiSio t-t-.-*vi,  **,n.-*  j,iit,i4^.U O*.  ^>i..-i.-i.;«i w-.-<;.S.v; <-i*y Ci.-.ry t  €-O>_ii^  ijj,  Vii.^t"^,;,; £C.~:-0
         ita Xfr^sct frc:;u wi civsr c*  ssi'sarj  for  ari?.".':ir;oj cr d-ir^iiiis  purjcccs is ca~
•       tkcn  c^e  d^y.

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                                       Iff): /••;.; r.f)
                                       <"-'"--"--^'
                             Colorodo revised £cat-if.ec

I       Sec.  56-1-7(19}   (I960 Per, f.u^pl.)
       (a)   Declarer it  to be* chs public  policy c2  t:;c 3 cats Cl'ac  no discharge
       which cont^iuc aauaa ez:crc;r, s'.isli l>c perr.ie-:^d £i» flow  is  uhs acreaz^s,
•       lakes, or ofciicr -y^csm of abs St^ca, uri'ic.'fi  such diaclv.rgcw shall ccc;?ly
       with  all s£CiUd£i"(5a  of dr. Scat-*  S-oard of U^al£i .-ifio^ted  pursunac Co lit;.
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SGC.  13-22-4 {1SCO "i'cr.  Su;>?l.)
The Direcsor of ^r.s P.'.rh .-ind r.oerea^Jor En^rci  ij.  e.ur-a>risad, af£ar public
notice  a:i4 hcr-rlc^, to prc-aulsace  uiicn r«j£3 :-uid  rajuiaf ioaa vi.ch vofcrc-nca
to tfc?3  operation of cosorbocts AH  Ars rieccir.^r.Ky for £hc proteccio.i and
cstOCy  o£ tcfc£r,src2rj-\£  
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Sactioa 25-24
tx'3  OCT^Ctu.  O*.T «c3*£11*.C Lp£ * Gi"  pSrV't/.'lilC- CO JTp-Oi'o.^'2 O7^. Si^.1. i C'C£>O£ l£ SH.y 2^-^^^-L/^ *
dc-ct2v0tlc r^ilurriO  or o^ier ffiat^sritil civ  HJcc n^^re, and ao  nercora or cor-

pc5Z"uiiC *O3 OS/i*A.A:tJH  v;-£" O^*d£"4ti£
OJT  *3*-^;lii tl  £*'-ji i?C. 3v"*<^ i£^  O -" r* i.f"- i^Ir^C.'.^'^--^ C* £ Ci^Z*' r'cLiTu' " ** ^   ^rds3 uG d"^ £^C2T O? ^O "-"HSG


vehicle9 Iti tho  ^;r;&:-rt.r^ of  v:ny riv--c?  Cc:r;>.:-i'i3"poji.dB  l:i!;^ or tidal tjator^
^CCj  or
                                         ^ ^i^^,.In 02 &^v.-z £"r.s uic of a:iy
place for  ;-;ha •iic^.o^al of  say cue?i ff^s^xi-:;!  ^n ;jr,y l^a;! wlehiti  a diot^riCO
of  fifty fcai o.c  clio  %i£h  va-c~  rujr!; a2 «-3.-»y  cucli eaters ia c-ay  plnco uhsre
Etcirrri OJL: li^.r'i v.sC^r sssy c^rry cisclx r^r. iri-il  t,3 jr^y edjcccat vctCerwAy.   Tha
Conaissicr* ftzj rf-^ulrs tlir; hirtior rciCft'.'iiC to ir.-y^sSi^.c.SG  ivsy eourca of
pollution  ino £f-  r-s:^ i"cjf;c>c£ti eor'ec;~ii£f; ?:ho c^'.r^«   *Ui7 person  yho violates
eny provislc-s oJS  this £ccsioa 'sh'ili. so  fisf.d K.G£ .^c>j:c thaa 01^030, or  io
  isonad r.si; core tli-^* ilicce. E^atlic, cr boch,
Section 23<°'-5
Ko  porsoa,  £or;:cro.ilca &r sruXiiGlpiiicy r,!i;ll  ple$o  in or  paruiJ:  Co bs
placed in,  or dlGelj/Lg^s ar  f.crsii; £o  flo:j is.£;o, 5f:.y of fc>a -sfaacrs of
tiia Sir^c,  csay scwa^a pr- judicial to  public sa.rJ.eii.

SocSic-a £5-31
Violet lea c-J; al;oyc aec*Lsa  ss.iiic.£ &  fiss. of  4'3Cf?,  or a Arisen tern of
cis coashs, or ista,

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 I      Section 23-703
        The WaSor Foliation Ccs-jiisjioa c:>:e reiser* g^-csral suparvi,3ion ovar  th^
        |s;uter so suj/^licd iJ i"c!.; aid b-scc;:z-a rczdouj to the health
 •      or <3i3££reecble £o tli:j aca^sj.  ViolctlQ^ is puriiclic/jle by a fiaa  of
        not lace then Ol,COO cor  e^re csnu v5,CGO.  In  iifidlwic;-!, tha court issuao
        an order for atsatoc^at of fhs rsuisa-icc t^itbin 20 d;:y3 ,a£ter conviction.




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                ec*  f- (Aat  &7
                   (1)  OTiO Vc.£*r Q^lity Ccutrcl. Bcnrd &X3^!^2 ^e-xoral  srrr.ervisioa
               over  t'nc  ^t'-tlEd-Estrvrilos. and  er^oree-AC^t oi' tiis Act*
I           Scee  5 (;.3£  070, Isva  of X9<2>}  - Tbe I/r>tor ironxctlon Los-rd sh-ill:
—               (il)   Ilasxxira any  ;^?r;n5  tolleu or f-tC:cr  CitpscrJ.  unit located
•           or vlthir; any "ci..z-:. o^ccc^d,  0:1 v^iicr". of  t!*is £tste to &-rvc  cocu
                            Ix.         w             .*
             * y-f •{•*••*  %,*  -•*- >"j !*• •>"-•* ji, i -s ,-^ *^ •.'*!•••--* *^"- "V**; <--~u-7  .* -»,  ««.,—,-^ f- ."-^j  jk *~f •, . .V . ™. j. .>  ">.-A  •?.*•»/* T "V -?•'•*> r /^
             Vo»\'Il  jTu^w-.->t,-^O*v:^- O.^ 0.1.3 x.-w*^j.^4.  Oj.  ,. w..^ O u.-.--.'J7  v27v. ^*u.,wiiu  OJT  J.c^\-™— ^- ^j O.



             ^•V* ^-'T-'-  t\ f1 ,  ij* *" «-> <*-f "; *-^~f -, f -^ '-"**'"i"* -  1. *"  "^i",-* **—*^ ^ ** r**^. i ** "i "J  *..•" -~ .~ ,-" i" *•".*• ;"*|T < » -T*^-» • ', '> *«: ^••'"v  *h'"*'I*i *^i
             >|/^ O^Ul V-1^.11 J-i  VfcrfO J.^..'*.» « Al ."* **r\J Ju*4 *^f tj WU,  Wii —*»*-"C> VJ-' fc.»—. Vmi^-ll»  '-»—-tf^'-^ il* W _S-«.t e-"«, '  Vi-^i Wt*-"J:—>~-'  W'tiW

             Ioaid  (1^/J.co*   Alii  boat? iceaial tv>3;--  the- vacor^  of  ^:^i^ Etcrfce aro

             OXlOjldC w 'CO  3,.£L~'''"}C^'G j-O!TL : ^ '^  X- ''i^ i'j ^-VC'O.l* ''^;JC"^X £•»*'/ wOZi-j^O—-  «C-rj.X^d  OX*  I'-u-J  Cl
                 w             «.,           */                       *-
                            r    o psovooia  o^  this Act.
               *^^ J,"»,  <«?" ~^  *-V 7-* -*-!/••-?>•----— /»--"* »—?rt -S ,*- ..- " r- ^-; -,--,-,.._ >-  I~ fc- -*-.-?-  1   V •rw • "Jf •* «^.   •**• V -1-C- «*•%, 4 ^«
               IV2LV&  \sli3  p^^v J.C'-.uii,,* Cv* vji.-^O £-•—*"^^X^/ii>  pj^'o\/^v.,oxl^  S-w./^Vc^  ^iUVU WJ3.J.S
               T^rU^V"*;:i dOC3  IXOt  c^v';l^ 1X2 CCC''^l  P'Oili''? VC^^C'?.S.-  OJiT £0  tC'*-^ diC"03j2,Ct
               or Eoro".                v"  "              ^
                          I/ •    ^                   -st *•
               £c2«  10 \^ct &{Q) I.ur^r^ o^1  150-4-^


I               of  cc'_"^3j  indiijtria:,  v.T^..y;.;c3j  or otj^cr  ^niatc^;  cxccrvb aj to co^fom
               to  &zi5. cozrjiy vitli  all nilcs^  ys;*,.ili.T/icn5i? o'rci.ors si^l porrnito  estab-


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                      SYlB.'i L..".i O;  I

                       (•fi 1963 SUPyl.)
     Sea,  112-5
     Tho B6.-rd of "rUrVir- Co.'Uil.ociojir.^s (the  fu?.oti.yr.3 of  t-hieh %varo
     fe-c^sd to the Ij^&t,, a? Yr:iV3^pirt;.tIca ns cf 7/1/6-1),  iu authorised
to cdko, alter and ai1.:^ su«;h t-XLe:; :.«! r^al.,-..^ o;;j t.c a^y b-s di'c^ed
neecas^r^  fcr t^o rj^ulnti^r. sr^i  ecntivl oC  r.li'-^l-'.p.'sS.r,.^  In the barbers,
chcro viterc. and ruvii-vlxU oti--;.-.:^::_, s^d air,;, ^ucb i^lci and rerjuintioria
to prevent tha thi'o:,!;-:; iniic ti-.o  h.-.v-b'jrs., 3hero v/ato.'c .and r^vi^bbliD
strops of rubbl^ij  rsrcjc, rr^:.^;^ or oth^r t;ub«t.~ry;cs little to £-ikv>
each h.'irtor'3i chore  ratc^a «nd ri/.vi^bbl-e ^tr-::':.is ^isi^-.tZy,  xinh^'-lthful
or uncle xi_, cr  -i--bl^ to fill ur/  or shc-:-5i -.;r challos' suczh hnrborr!,
shore v/^tcr;3 ;xn<:l stress .-'.nd Hkvvrinc; to ^.-.v-iiib l!;s csc^pj of fuol or
efthar oil^ irAo ?uch Iviro^ra3 ohcc-c Tatoi-s ^r:d stror^s^ either frca
auj vessel or .fr'o,; pipoc5 o? fsto'.11^-3 tsilica u;>o^ tha I^ntl*

     Such  ruloo sr:Ci  ro^ul.itioriS v.-han p;ibiiob;?d in tte Liur^ar- prc^^ribcd
for tlio prc^il;*: ticri OA l^vs, shall upon, publie^licn l'x\u  th«s foroa
end crfoet of l-i^;0

     No refuse nhall be th_-'O-.vn overccku-cl.  All vessels r^-intained as
residences for livin.^ pui'pos^s sh&ll b:^ equipped vith ?. toilet in working
condition, and all such toilets^  excepting J<.:ions on vessels  from out-of-
state vioitin>j for e. period net exc^eain^ oO days, 3ka.ll "be  equipped vith
a seva.£e elector cMsrinator, or-  other approved neans or preventing  pol-
lution in  h.ai'"bor vatsrs.

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                          IOIATIA

             Burns Indiana  £';.,-itutea,  Annotated
                 (& 1S63  Cum.  pjclcet  SuppI, }

Sec. 68-820
It shall be unlawful to  keep,  maintain  or operate upon the
public waters of thin State anv  boat  which is equipped with
a water closet or toilet unless  the  s.-ir.v^ io sealed or other-
wise rendered inoperative so  Vna^  no  huj-^.n waste can be dis-
charged into such waters ther-jfror.,  o>:copting uny boat
operating solely upon the wster  of LaVre ;>'' chJ g:ai.

Sec. 68-868
Violation of above section  1?.  ,?  '.i'i^demr anor.-,  punishable for
first offente by maximum Cine:  of ilO  snd/cr •;>: lircy days,
and subsequent offenses by  naxiniur.. fine ;>:•  ^:.0'j ,inu/oi- sixty
days.

Sec. 66-520 {ly6l Heplacenent)
The Stream Pollution Control  Board has  jurisdiction to con-
trol and prevent pollution  in the  waters of th.f State with
any substance which is deleterious to the public health or
to the pi-osecutior of any inch'stry or lawful  occupation, or
whereby any fi&n life or an.y  beneficial aninal or vegetable
life may be df.strovea, or t>.e  growth  02- prop3i_.r. tri on thereof
prevented or injuriously affected,

Sec. 35-2CGI
Prohibits the deposit into  tV.c tva^ers of the  St^te any sub-
stance vrnich is deleterious to the public health or- to the
prosecur.io.- o" any industry or- lawful occupation in which
the water may be lawfully used.

Sec. 68-524 (1961 Replacement)
It is mace unlawful for any corpora's ion, municipal corpora-
tion, association, partnership,  person  or any other legal
entity to throw, run, -drain,  or  otherwise dispose into any
of the streams or waters of the  State,  or allow uo seep or
otherwise dispose into such waters any  organic or inorganic
matter that will cause or contribute  to a polluted condition
of such waters according to determination made by the Stream
Pollution Control Board.

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See.  3-523

to'curry ou.t tr.o prevision;", of tL-2  Act, end to enforce any and'^e.11 I
relating to the  ^ollutio;:: of the v.aleru of the Gti.tc.              \
Sec.  3.525
Ths C0;_;:-ijf>ion I.-ELC tho crui^ority to  t^Jce all  c^pro^riuie  steps to prevent
any pollution  vuioh it de^u to be \^aracucr:able e>.nd a^air^t the public
iritera^.t; in vi'W c-Jf rLc;t.Lri^ eoiiditlor:.;; in any 3.^3, river, stream  or
O'cnsi* vctci'O on  x/iii s'fcci'cc <

Sec,  3.^26
It is i^de tmitr^^iil i'cr  ^; into cz.y  lake, river,
etr-C'^rza or ot/h^r Witaro  of  -Dhc St^be ary sab^t^.-m,? vl;ich  is injurioao to
tlio public hjxlth or to  uho oor.duC"c 1 1^ 01" auy laiuji.t^i.;!  enterprise or
other l::';;uul occv/o^tion. ^ry pc'r^on vhs> cisch.ir^o:; or per-'.ix-s to be
di-cli^r^d a^y "w'arrba or  £0llv.tic;} ir.to i~y o«' tli- vatc-ro  cf the State
in ccntravoarblon of the  pvovisior^ of this Section ^holl  bo deeded  a
violator*

Sic.  3.529
Anyo.is vho vilr?a'Lly vlol<;.U';-^ a^v proviyioc/j of the Act or any restriction,
rcjt'la'i'/ior. or  flrm..l os-dsr oi' di;ter:-i:;.Ji.~,Sion of the Co::^icsica inacui there-
tinder ia cubjtsct to a pei^-lty of net to exc-io-J -viJCO por d£.y for each
dr.y of such viol-tiQr;.,
Poblic Act 132,  Lews of  1C-&.
Section 1, Act no> 228 of  tba Public  Acts of  1921,  ao anencled, beins
cection 750-1 to 750.-5'^'S of t£G Compiled lavs of 19-;-8,  ia  hereby ancndcd
"by eucLia^ a nc-v  s:ifttio;i  110 L- t-o rci-I  a3
Section HOb,   An;r pcrrjon -;l:o diccliv.^.;^, chirr}:;,  deposits  or throve  or
02.^0^3 01- pc-i-aitc; t2-,o cLicc'^ursin^  cor:j?ir^, dqpc;:;iti_vi: or  tlircn/in^ of
cr^y ^r"ccs~cs, exc^t t,b.rc  vl-iich hao  p^:^ocd thjxsu^'a-u di~oo3al unit of
a type c.ir>rovc-l t-y the U.-itc..r. S"oatas pjolic II;dth Service,  or oil or
rubbish fro:n a voc-jel or  tr.ricrcr^f'i o:? 2~> or i:ore fec'b in  length into
c. river or irJLcrcl l;^Stc vi'Lhis tixij  itc.tc, or vithila ttroi  milc-s of
the chorclino  of t;::;/ part of tha G:x^t L.al:-o-j or eoiir/octiritj v^tor
thereof vithin t'-iG 5t^to,  ic gvr'.lty of a rrdadc'i'uoancr ^nuiiG'ta'blc: oy
i^prisori^ortt in the cc-^r.ty ,ja'O. for no* :;:or-c 'f/auu cue ;/oar or by a fine
of  not nx>re tijjs. C-^^O-O,  or t-y "ootii.
  S?n-»-f- •? A.'."- O
  OCu^Ot« £^»

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                       (& 1963 Cu:?..  ;s.iCM3i Poc»  Pi.)

Sec.  115.03,  Scbd.l
The Uctcr Politician Cc;..f.Toi Cv^sirioior; is *:uchorlayt5 to adalnistar and
enforce all  isirs ralc£ -.:-<* to th?; pollution ox  sr.y ^.^r^ of the Scats.

Sec.  115.07,  2ubJ.4
Pollution of  ,my wicsr-j in viola tier, of ->:-j £(*.e  or  any ordc-r of the
Cocnissioa ec^sticuue-; a ttalsiitca  ^:':d jsay hsf \:ajoiriec,,

Sac.  115.07,  SuL'd.&
Violet ion. oi:  ncy provisions of  th-3 act or of any ordar of tha Gocsission
Is a niadc, ;.:-ansr.

Sac. 361.23
Provisos tiv.c ci» psr&c-Ti o'-"itri^  c?  C;j.::r,;-»t jag a  Vvacfrcrrifs: or &Llvj;r air»rina
      cncw ujon che wacer^ At the  £t;it-s of Klcnesoea or ceh^r ra^rina
    -iyanc-i uvion £lv.~: v^atcr^ of ths  St.-ta ah^.ll  ur,s3  cpcrat.u oi* perr-it
the uao or o;;arciioa  cr aay cariaa toilet or oib^r  similar device for
tha dapcsiu.'i.oa sf sotjc^*5 ^^ cth-jr  tji^^aa, usilajs tlti ~ariue toilir?: ±3
equipped vita d cfc=iC;-.,ir:£ device of .•- ty^a cccaptabla co the wr.tar
poliutic-ti cousrol cor^I'jjiori of the Semite of Mir.^S:,Dc.i.  Ifo psr.-2oa
shall discL-or^e into  cha uaters of £h--i State ,  dir.rctly or ir.directly
fro;a a ustererafC; cny ur-£rE?,tGd s.-;-.--.r:c or of.hor waxce, nor sitall any
container c-l  untr^sfcsd ccv-a^e or c-j:bo~ ^.:.c^-::'.  be ylccad, leJt. disc?i^rged
in or iisar «~ny water;: of chc 3tat 1955, no Vitcv-rcri.'c or oirher ru;:rina conveyance
upon ths tracers of tlt-a Oc^t:^ sh^ll 'c-j «^ul^psd %?i-:b r.tiy sr^irine collet
unless alco equipped  r-ieh s. tr^a^r.^nc dovica ^cccpCs-biti to the TJator
Poll-ticn. Control Co^nicsicn of tha Scneo; this  r>5cuirci-2uc, however,
dcej not ij-pl  to certain a:-:cc?t v.ic.ircrafc,
   vidois  that nc licsass siicll bo  isauad for -any v.itcrcruft be^
rurir.^  toilci: except  upon certification by tha owner of the installation
of cr. acceptnbla treaCiissit device  for US2 «ita such  s^rino toilet.

Anyoas  violiticg tha  proviaiotis of this cecuioa is guilty of a aicdcsusanor.

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                      imon's Missouri Statute
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         Ilurion Eeard or cc-:r.-.r  o'^ner tr^i-o^nx facility or  niched curohori^ed by
         regulation of  tha «it£r Pollntioa Ic^rd*
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Sec,  2Q*i->C3G                    "                                        x
Authorises the  Utter Pol±ution iOC-'icL tic  ^.c^iiii^tcr and enforce the
of the State  relating  to th^  prviv^vcloi.  or^l cor.-t.rol of yster pollution.

Sec.  2C&.030
Kaites it -zaic.-,.-l\j3. for  rjR/or.j  to c^/j^-^ poll'-tlors.  of St&zo voters.  Any
such  action. Is  decl^ruu to c« a pu.ol.lc mi'U.-ci.nc^.

Sec.  306.260

be so constructed aiid.  op.ic^b^Ci ^; tc dluchar^c av^.f in::.dcci^.^t-ly treated
sewage into xhe vater'c -dijv.ee sly or i-calri-ct3^%   A-o boi'.t sh:.-.ll be eau:.pp£c
to psr^ait. disahax-^s fro;p. or thrc-X5;;h i.r,s  ar.rin^ toilet,,, or  in c.n.y other
runner, of aixi/  iGcrVr.ixia'c-crJ.Y trc-J>tod se.rc^o c.t &2j." tii.*.3 into  ".ratcra of
the Stcti;.; nor  sh.GJ, s^r-y ccritr. iivjr of iu^dcoroatoly treated iic-',raj;o be
rcnoved fro/.-t  eny bcc,t  and pieced; left.  di;;eh3a in or neJ.r cuiy vaters
of tno Bt:ite  at any tiuy by i-ir>y ^orjoa vrhifbhar or not he ic  the o'^isr,
operator., fracst or occupant of the- coat.
      ^ ^*  ^-/«.
Sec.  yjOaeitQ
Any r,'',arir.j toilet locit-sd on  or ^/itMri tvo;/ bo^t  operated on  waters of
the Stc/ba ::hall h^.vc> rie^urcly iiffi::-jd £o the interior di£.cho.rr;.s opeiiiiig
of the toilet e Siiitablo ti-£-a':.'-'3r;.t d-svice in o^erciti:a^ cor_diticn_, con-
i3tniC*Oi;d -l^d  "''^Ct -'--"-' d  "f*l S.CCO'*~~ '--•"* ->v!-"-';"' y-,->--.>-. .t-i-^ -;-,--.-• /•.-c> -J-""--v  '.'--:-f--v> "PQ1»
Sec,  3Co,290
Violation of the Act  is a iaisdose.ujT.cr*
The provisions  of the  Act co not apply  to boats  cc^s-S^ ia  interstate
cc-^--rcc: on the !-S.c;3ouri asd J-li^^icsippi Rivera«

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_                                        Sousa 313.1 &>.  53
        AH ACS fco  jsrevc.it  v^Ser pollution Ly prc'rlMSlr^i  tin •Cf.cchargo of severe
         <«.,«. VY-im ,••>-..3{"«»*  '!!-*.•*•'* ir~v.  •f.GVS'-.A-,  *.>  <• **  ?f'-7
         iiC'i.i  vOu^y J.3 3  ^iiC*  4,^i.^ ^iis« Xli^y  i^^iVv. A.«-«ii  V >**^^-x?»/5 *<*«>Jv4.'*j»  i^"«>/«
•      EG It  Essaica  Lv c
                                    *»
                                   w.
                                                             j."^*"  '!"'«. ,"l if? '*" •» ?* -"4 i"» ^ ^ ' j» -jv A- <%TI.' -•. •
                                                             O£  mii! i>c,c,t-3 OX * J2ij.L JU^U •
                ISseStea 1. Ssctscn e§-?S05}  n.G,M.  Iv-i?  in itrv^niod  to rocci cis follows:
                /• **- .>d f' ,--., t-     > * ^  "^"r» ,» rwf F   - ->-T->-  ^'*-j»'»'13 ^j,     x»T' «• r" r^» * ^  **' «"*'  *"* •""* *** »*•
                   •**/ *-'-' <*    V **/  —iv^i ^  vv-'V-a — -tt  t*A,   A  x.t,*\, t-m ^, -. i.ii,  «

                y »M v ' v         *^   *  * i ™       4     '  *               -i>   # ^ r       •   t j   ^
                Ic v 5 '« •''j \?' "*.•* -*;^' ?  fir^*-i'"7 3 * r>'i ff"'~• ^ 'i-; ~ ^*  * ft  /rt  <"?•"• •r//^^,1* r ' •' -- ft. *\ **,/"5 ^ * r%" •"* 1"v ' *j   ci3 '^ C *^ r'*t
         o£ in:;\2c,:uately tro~.tc.-4 DC-.UC-J  i'Ai:^ w^tora of s-.b.ifj  sta£v™.  u-j contjiacr of
         •flt^^i1  ">"i£T~i"-."i ,*/ tn-*-» T*tS, ? •*"» *e  <-» .-5* 7 i r f t*i -""-•-  » a  !•*•/*%  =~* J -"^ •'*••*    I k*i * '"^  *"*>*>' f"3*\j&  •*•?-/•? i 'il  — «« rtT"
         Jt*^_J V-W^<- -*JVJ *-•' ' b. V «v A- \.> -—(^ i—*-~i-  >"'^"l.rf  £/ l-»^\J.1vi'V^ •!  -iwl i. W ^ **• Vi. *^«i 1. ) ((^.t. i ^-- ^- <, —.'J»  _£.* \rf &
         r.car  u^L^'JO of  this  ut;-ic  by L.'-yo--io at ctiy ti^j»  ~11 toiloto loc^too on




 I      s ss:^ *"^  " J""""^  ^ J" ^

I         bo clicJCiCr-^^ac,  any £i:rb,?.^c» TC'7t2C;i'j x/a"£c  or  0-^7^30  Sfc^. ci*y  boc.'^  iviuO  or
         tij^tl  wilC tA^-^GTCJ Ci -S^y 6'C-CrJ:3j S".iV<3"  OL"  iCt>3  U!l!^i^.'l  £i-3  Cv-U'i'.CiC'i"—30 Of £i-3
 I              £^GCic-:i 3. & person t?lio ic ec^vleoe;- or  c violetic:i of  tliio Act shall
 •       bo pcaioLjd Isj 2. fissj  of not srsro thcni £uar/cy»f:Lva  c^Ilcirj (C'25oCO)»
 I                                                                       Apjrcvcdj  1-k.rch 4,  1935

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         Sec.   71-3003
         Creates  within th3 Depcrtax^at o£ irj^lth  &  3tJte  Water  Pollution Control
         Council.


•       Sec.   71-3GC4C2)
         The Council adopts a coKprehtsttsiva proven for tha  pvcvaation,  control
•       arid abatea-iat of pollution c-f tLe vcc^ira cf tha  SCSCG.


         Sec,   37-516
         |MakG3 it unliuful for eayc^i tc discharge  any refuse  i^.tc or naar any
         State waters.


         Sac.   23-1C16
• '      Makes it a ewisaric* for ariyctiCi to corrupt  or tsaka  icpcra  any stream or
 •        Sac.   S1-OI5.17
          Authorises  tha Gotcs, Forest&tIon and Paries Coiaission  to prascriba
          rcgulcticna to carry out tha Stctc Boat Act.

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                        Nevada il.>rvi.;ecL T'tututej- •

Sec.  1*39.200
Tiic St  3/K IG authorised to ic^ke r^ui enforce s-ulfei  and regulations for,
arrzJi23 ctlior things ?  the sanitary protection or *r^,te^ one! the control
of scva^c; disposal »
Tfco State Beard of i^^lt^i is  o,cel-.c^:l.:cdj,  snore otli^r tlii^a^  (5) to
r£eo:..v::o£d nc:a£uro2 for 6ib-vtccr:iivt or v
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          Sac.  U9:4
          1(1)   Xbc  U.a;:er Pollution Corgis:ricfn  csc-x"Cl£-;3 gecKiral eupervisicr*  over
          tha adsiniacrscica ind E.afoi'cer.'inc of the tv.it: cr Pollution Control  Let,

          Sec.  140 -A: 2
I          Pro video  chr-t e£icjr  Scc£«-bc*.r 31.  I'vSO,  GUV  srarir.c  toilet located on. or
          vitli'.ri i:uy 'ioiit  ot.arair-ad •>;*-  ^Ciir;;; ol: ihlc,State ohall  hcrva securely
          ofCiiCad to uUei ii'-ccricr  ci^chcr^ cponins of such  tc-ilat a  suitable

              I* .-*-* ^4,      Jv,t»  -^*^ i"*--. J1 _*,-,-,  r*^ '"'-i- Twt.'1-'   O>* * "* -*• -' *•   *L: — *-- •* •*• •* -~,  ' -**   •*
               "**~"1"""*    — •    "Cx  * **" "   *"    ""   ~-^-«-—         ~.   ^.^     - ^-»o*«^ »- -         •u.^-tji

^^m        f f* *'—I ^ *"? C* ^ ^" **""    -*i "5 "^  £"' f r """* •'- j'1-  f"V f i K^ /- * *'i."»  V* V* *~ '" »*^"^'"- f* tl -*•'*"•. f>i* "» T* •? t. * "  i" •** ^ ^ i% j" r* '" ^^ "^" T 1  y\ f$ •? C*
•        solely throu'/i suc.i  .i«;vices,-,
           Sec.  149-^:4
             olations o
             fir.3 of up  to  $500, or ii^orico^xast t.o fco or.i  year, or both.   Such
           IX7-5 ^"^ "( ~. f" •* "1 ~*> '•  r~ >* V" "» '^. '»*'  y^'~™  /•**"*  ** 7* '"3  V"i1 "«* "" ^~ *• "B y*--i -1  f\ "^  •"- X>t •% i^rtI"--*"'.,-* 'i -^ •! --t V  *< t*. -—-• •? -^
           ViOXviLx,O.lo  Oj. «.u-,,t »:> ,t  Oi.  &..  ul:>,-  iCl^u vS^^-Oi-:^  Oi,  «._G vCIT-^^U-^.-.Okt  CC,* i -4.C
           ^-^ •?*>**> V 7*1 --V»-' ^ r~ "••»•,">'>.,'* .« i'1|?'j -K *" ~J J* * * }" >^« 'i **  "! "? '""J /*  •*! ^* '* ^ " •*" ^~ •(" ** .*>
           4. J.li^ W^.'---i *X^ >v>o^-Ci COii^j i_ i«-t>LL-O *-i  i j-:Jit  i^ J uj. j.k.sJ *- v l*-J
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Sec,  58-12-2
Ths 3t£££ Da^.riKOnt cf H^Ith. iu c-^horiscd, c-ing ei:b.ar  thirds, to
inv,5Cti£ai-.e all  co,~^;'.^iri.£j  o£ polluii-n of thi-3 voters of chu  SLciu which
are brought fco its ^t^nticr;., and :-;_ £r'5a cr.y vej;?cl afloat ca caid v;-.tisi:r: , vuicl'i wests, debris,
refuse, tz'. fcovii:1!  or cusuc'u i^"y or ulll teud Co  litter aay oc^cblxGhcd
bathir;s iij^ch csr any ':iJi£\: cuyfcc^irily u.scd io'r  batbi;c fjuvrpo-^./; cr  £o
pollute £ho 'rw-iitcr3 adjacent ?,o a^.y such ba^cb. ,  is a dL^oi'c._rly parjoa.
—       Sac. 2.1:  170-o9.lt.
•  .     Any porsoa t,r.3 tiich^r^a ;5 or  sufvar^ or  p-2rc,itc th.u  uiacl'^i^e  of any

         by acy C3ut:-i.d3 £.:r^,.j  c-r ^miC'",  Lute or u^c.i any of cho frcah ?-.uccrc of
         Ithii £tc£3 £iC;7. ariy vo-^o^I afl.oi.c on oaia ',jauerjs thicb e:-:crc^ir.t,  waste,
         debris, rci^ue, c::s^i:^ls  i^CerLal cr orii^v c;ifct:er 1.37 cr J/ill  tend to
         pollute c^-.c ^.vit^r^,  or co haivi or cc.;-t:ccy £hs fi.al'i tlasiroin or  tho x?ild-
         Ilifo tharau^^rt, or to littar said ^..ic^rt;  o-r t!i3 ^horfis or b^r.'.ta cdjscent
         thereto,  !„ •; di^orcl^irly pare-on,- cad tvica conviccicn^ clu-,11 bo  punichad
         by c fir.a o~l not Ites thsn $25 rsir r-oro shin 5100 fo'r eho firct offense
         |actr£it'.^  ex «7.tiy ^ruc'-Tx^-xTntz 5 vd-vC*2 ) Ov3Dr,t,o>  ^cjc^iSGj Ci-^r£jiCf,il.
or  othsr rc£.t:?:r rx* e^tsviii thut; 3i:l<:.hC &: t^ould tenU to pollute oiiid voters,
or  to Ii^rn or  dcotrc-y the rich thorala or the  wildlife thareoiij or  to licter
said  «at^r^ c,c tho ^hort.3 j.oj5.os:s.£  charoto.

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Sec, 5S-.10-1S

Violstio.i  of above aectior. ic  a
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                              Key Jarsey  Stiitujzc-rs .\nrioi.aicd                     2
 •j                                      (ccnuinnad)

        Sec. 58:  10-15
 _     'Prohibits the didchar^ fro.a x-jaCer  clo^a^s or urinala  frcn any stean or
 •      ouliar pc'w-ir boa-:  -Jhilo b^ir.g o^traccd yichin tcrritcric.! licitations of



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•     •                       (e l«J?d4 Cud. JU,n. focl^t Part)

     Sac.  1210  Ziiki^iiGLk^i;^!^
_   (1)   The Dopartc'-int of  H-j;.lrh shsll >._.v,: iiC-.-tnistrauivi jurisdiction to
•   abate end  pr^vont £hu pc>liutior, of u.-'tv-;r.J of ^La  Sr.ate i:i -V.-o r.aunsr
™   provided in sccc-rc^c.i  ^ith the cl- ^ci.":J.cau:.gn of WoC^rs adopted by tha
     veter ricourc^j;; cc":;i intone.

I   Sec.  1220  T>u1?Ufl.K;.-.;.cS. li-y,
     5!ates it uakiv/ful fc,r 2~y pjrsar., cifisccly or Lc-.r>ir^ccly, fco throv, drain,
I     run or  cthcre/iDO di-ch^v^c into such  •.,'.- turo organic or iiicr^viiiic ruitcer
     that  cauceiJ or 00:11:1;ibuta.; to a condition is c:;r=travention of the
     standards  adoptctd by c.I\3 wa.ter rsccsu-cj^ coi-nij^inri*
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     Sec. 1250  ?v2l7j.Xa-:l£«-3;H»
     (I)  Provides c>--t ;.;ny  ^CiMOn vlio vxoLic^d any of  the provisions of,  or
     uho fails  So pi-rfora c:tiy tiuiy i-cpoc-c-d  iyy £hic article 4 or vho violicss
     any detarnir.aiion or ox-iar of th-j t7r:-:i.r resources  cc;;;.ii;:."Jioa cr or  tli2
     coi^sicsioncrj -orc-^iljifccd pursuant  to  chis tircicle,  ia liable £0 a
     penalty of net to <2::ec;^ £r.:c sua of $fCO for i>^id  x'iolatiou caa a.i
     cdditio-aal j.'-:-;.^l2;y &£ ncc to .;^c^£.d .J100 for each  day during uhich  such
     violation  con'civ.ucoj ^rtd, in addition  eli-sretc., ^uca  poraor. 2^y SG
     enjoined fro^ conti'/.ui.ij ^^-ch violation.
     Sec. 1252 EVt^cJiiil.^J.y,;,
     Any person vho wilfully  violates iir.y  o£ the svoviaions of this article
     or any  final 'J^torrdr.j-^ion or ordor of r.he *.;^icer  rsa-surccis cc.cj^ij3io-."i or
• .  of the  corslet icnur ^.do- pu^su^nfc  E:o  thi;5 article io  guilty of a  ^isda-
™   tnaenor  £:nu, U;3on ccr.vlcticu thsrcof,  ir. puaiohad  by i fins cf r.ct leas
     than $100 nor ^orc Chsn  rfSCO or by i.rjrirjor;~;-.i;t for a cc;r^ of r.oc r.srrj
I     than or.e  yeur, or by bo:h such fin-; a---d i^pricc-ni'snt, for c^cli cc^crste
     violation.  Ea-;h dsy upon vhich csuch  violetior. cccurii is a aaparctd
     offence.

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I     is aico unlaxjful to thrcv/ or du:^p  .-jlucl^c or other refuoa froa any vessel
     or building in ti& racers cf tha ci::ri:ia district.

     Sec. 33 M:i
     Sec.  1221 ££>jJ£ji::£lihJ^.i
             ,      ,
     in ths  t:'at^>;s of ths  syiriaa district is prohibited.
     Sec. 324 Cr.r. :AJ^V:::.'?: j.C *L_T :-:%j ,
     It  ic  uiilat;£ui to pollute tiie x.'u"ara  by slu^o,  acid, other refuse,
         cj^ or ocacr ciOGtaJiCes  iiij-oricua  to shellfish culture cr  fish.  It
•   It is  a  dlscl^r-'-ji^ior  for aayor.n to  deposit cny dead ap.iwal, carrion, offal,
~   excra^^nt,  garbage or  othsr pytrid of offsri^iva Eitter into the  navigable
     watora of tho  ^c^te, i:/.cc:pt  au  che ca^ci r^iy b,i authorized by the State
     |l>epart;U£nt of  I-Lx.lth«



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      IViolcttcii carries a fiac of riot  to ci.cccd  ?LGO or iKpri^ona^rtt of not
      i-ore  thsR onn y3*ir, or  both.
I      Sac.  33-3 Zml?rJL'-£^iJL:^l9 (1954  Cu:j. .-ava.  ?cc. Part)
      It shall b«3 uitii_^£ul to icuach,  n.-5or, c'ock or cpsracc *ii:y craft u-poa
      Lake  Gcor^a as:d  upcn Crcc«?.!'cos:-:c^ad $100» or  by i.i;j,-ricorj^£at of not iaore  th^n one
      V'""i /I 5*  rt "•* >"" V7 * ' "l."''*~ " ^ • : f* '.  <- 4 •?•, -~v .^^ i*>
      Vvlii* J Wi *"'j «r>"''-r^-^ "**l*i'—»» A i.S.,N». --'-i-'
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                 Ssncral  Sie.c.ifces oi' Sorch Carolina

**    1 / **  *5 1 '•<
Es caliches" tLa State Strata Sanitation Cocaittea.



                                  =3^^ s
                                        .
parole to to ^cd  u?=a tto v,ic-« of  „,,---
   Mio::, cay
for
.ith
CouMio::, cay toart.^.:cs to=.:bO::t,  or  ..  c »-

for Uviio q^rtcr--, or ^ny ochoz -"v^-^^'.-

.ithout o«h .raft J»f ^ Sr Sc^-^T

                       '
                                                    B-            -
                                                    -;-- -^      aroi
                                                   1;- -        q.aarca-s
                                                   '-r^o-owd by £te
                                                   S  «  otlar .«ltary
                                       o ii^r^ o
 into tha vater^ of  £ho  said  i.a.^.

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                                   coo
                  F£2esG Ohio [•:?•*-} CC:iin^ ]Vxic« F^^-itu^in^.   Section 4
of £Ui%Ld&3j as follo-.-'£: "'ivid It-lie  c'ri&ll "be forever pi-otacted
e£aiE5t pollut,ic^  of itu vcters "by industrial uraclo vaj;te., individual,
or Eroriicip::! ac--,._ije 1'rov-: shore: or beat, as-t t'.sis -ii.schLU-^e or any noxious
or deleterious ^u^tcjseo,, licxiAd or  r-;olid. into the vator;j of the lake
Vhich is or r;.^y ce;:c-v^ inimical, or  liijxiriou^;, to  public hc-:ilth  or to
anical or £Cu.:riie  lire Is' hereby orproS^ly forbidden."

"Ko so>-ra£a r^.y l>a  discharged into t'^o  vat^r^ of the Icl'ie vc2d by tlie hc.aj.-ch
department;; of "bath St^-te;' . " .

House Bill I\o. 602,, arr/ros'cd 7/1/^3, oi'fcctivo 9/;',0/63
Arr^nds coc, 3YoT*S9 sn^. coc. 3?67 • 31 are er-r,G"c:d i^> prcihibit the . thi-cxrf.no;
or d^o^itin.2 into any river, strao,-.: or iv.z& c-^ier  body of vater  various
t^,teri,2lOj end provides for penalties  therefor..        ••               ~"\.
Sec, 15^7.33
Provic.v.-a tl--^t no psracrt si-nil. l2ur;-2'n,  r^cor^ dock,, use c-r 
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                          Oregon Revised Sec'cu'caa


Sac. 4<*9.0CO
T&z Sauitiry Au-chcr'ty  hd.s geieral reversibility of cor.trolllag ucter
pollu'cion  of Stj.fe: w^ccra.


Sac. 449.115
It 13 UK lawful Tor attyojis  to palluti by se-^a^.i or oth^r da liter ious  Le
£ny rivsr,  sur^nct o*c othar bocy of x-'j.cer.


Sec. 443.830
Ilia Statu  Marine Bo^r^  ia  iiutl^rir.cJ: (14) To rj^k-j rulei end re^intions
r«3££.rding  Jriiirlr^ toilets cad th.'jir u^c cor.;:iGt--:int with th.2 pr^ventiop. end
corxrcl of polltiti^ti of Lho 'assert oi: tbs State  ..and not is conflict  t?ich
the rules  end  re^ulucicae,  of chc Suc-ca Board o£  Health or th^ S^nic^ry
Authority.  3ucli r^gulccio-ts ir^y Include, c-calin^ or otV:3r;.?ii;o renoarin^
     rac.iva toilcus not equipped wita ar. c^proved dcvles to render w-iste

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                     /ia   -inncyvai-i*..:i  icUuc",   anosce
                       (5=  1963  emulative Suppxcc.ant}


Sec.  71-540
The Sanitary Uitar Board ia the Deasrt^rtt of Health lv=5 tha prir^ry
functions of con£.rolli:i3 tester pollueloii.


Sec.  71-540
(II)  (c)   Tho Board is Authorised co i^:ke vul^a  and  resulacioas  for  the
effective: admins tractor*  £:id e^fcreei^rit of th2  icwu  of ths Cosrionusalth
prohibitive £ha jscilntion c£  taa vators thereof.


Sac.  35-091,301
Provides  thit no pcrco:i  ^.:r:ll placet or p.rrr:.I:x to be  pl-acwcl or diachar^e
or paruit to fieri/, or on^tir.ua to discharge or  pcraiw ;c. fIo;,T, into  c.ny
utters  of th3 Co;nr,.j.;;oal;:h a ay indujCriul wiatea, esccpt as provicad in
tha Act.


Sec.  35,651,601
Provides  that: ell pollution declared to ta a nuic^r.ce or rjiiataincd
contrary  to l'.~.3 provioiorxs of tha Act are abat;;bl-s.


Soc.  71-1C40
This  aaccioi': pirtnirts to an il^rceuinfc bct;/ian tho Coaror:t:jcith of ?cr.n3yl
'end tho State of Ohio relating to L^l:-3 :vyr-atutiip.s.  Article 4 of such
Ajrccnatit relates to  rater pollution, as follow'3: "Tha La'.;:: shall forcvc-r
be prosector chainst  polluiioa of itc ^jisru by iadu^tric:! trada^- uas'cs,
individual or Liunicipcl  c^cvvc^ fscoa ahc/ra or boct anri tha diaca^r^a  of
any no::ioiiy or dilotcsrious oub^taacc'j liquid or aolici ii?.£o tha vctcro of
tha Icko  which is or  c^y liGcons inimical or iajurious to puMic liaalth
or to c'.iiml or cquatie  life  is horcby crors^sly forbiddcii."

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                              SGJiVl  DAKGI.!
                        South rJa'KC'i:^ Code of 1939
                             {&  1960 Suppl.)


Sec. 61.0104  (I960 Sapr»l.)
Tha Water Resources Cc^nijcioii  exireLoas gcr.aral supervision over tha
watero of tha  State.


Sec. 25.1405(10)  (ISoO duool.)
Provides thr.t  every v^.ocl ,;ruippei uith ttitchin or collet  facilities
shall be so cc;u5.ppr:d c.id ocor^cid zo hit-icllo-or trsat li«"juid end solid
wastes in a cian-jr tha; will pravciic pollution of chs rcciivinj waters


Sec. 25.S914  (I960 Supol.)
Violation coaiiiitute;; a sicdc::ijir.c?r pur.-.-ha'blc by a fine  cp to  $100
and/or iupriiCiU^nt u? co thirty d^iyj.

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                        (« 1964 Cu;:. /.aau>l Toe, 2c.)


Sac.  144.53
(1)   1'ha  Co.zsittco c-n  r.'cL^:: S^llucien  e.^rclcca -Otrcral supervision  over
the sdnir;lf;tracio«-: ar.d cnrorc^^znc of  cl.i l^uo re Latins to the pollution
of the  surface voters  of the State-.


Sec.  146,13
(2)   Prcvidjj t>33t n£  poror/n ih.^II diachcr-je by any c^cias v/hutaoivcr un-
        dcc^ctic ocvxi^a in-o arty £i:rf^ca  uacc-rs.
Sec.  20,01
(4)   All  Haters wic:h-fn  rl.i juri^cMiCion  of £h^ StsSG ^r^  classified
follc-'jj:   L'iT-:::.'3 Superior f.nc Mlc'Airj.-nj C-rc^f; Ikiy, Stur£;c^n Bey, S-
Earbor, end tho I-'oic P.ivor t'ron Ic,j r^uth ur> £ro chs t'^s ac Da rere e
"outlying vJit'2r;j."  All othsr ua-or:;,  li.cludic^ tha bay,  bayauds £z
o loughs or tlti Kississtppi Kivor bocsc^r;, arc "irilar.d  v/iccrj."
£oc. 30.71 (1964 Cua, Su??l.)
of this  Stcsi,, er-cc'/t Lch-j ^ic^obc^O;  tha l-IIaoicoippi  river aiul cna,
UisconJin rix-^r for  15 tiiles abovo er.d bole;; £r.3 dr-a'it  Uicccr^ii*. D^llc,
cny boct trhich ia ciquio^^d «ica a toilet unices such toilet is cj-^led
or oCl^LX'irjj rcridirco ino^GrativJ £,-» ti;---£ no htzua uaJi-is  c^a be ci^-
char^ad  into c-jch »..\it^r^.   "Ir^i^ad w^ cores '* t;ca:ii3 clia waters cifincjd ac
inlricd u^corc- by sec. 2v)u01(4).


Aftor iV^srit 1, 1955, th2 provisions of thic cactics s'acll  £pply alao
to La!-^:  t'ir-sabai'O &«£ th2  iiifch^rto c::_cptcti portion of the *7iscoa3in
After A-^ril 1; 1565 ^ CD  person c3hr.l! O'parcte cny bc^t a^ui^-iod uith
toilots  o.'i iclssd actors of Shis cto.so  u:ilcoo Cha toilet vj^ces ere
rctiiccJil _'c--i  cl'jirc. di^josil by r.2^tia of fncilitiss co.t^truccvid cad
c^crotod in Accordance- wiih rulcu adopted by tk-2 ota^'j  board of health.
                                                       nsndc.2nt Pending

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                                                 EXHIBIT C  * *•
                 REGULATION MADE UNDER
        THE ONTARIO WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION ACT

1. In this Regulation,
   (a)  "approved device" means a device of a type
        and specifications approved by the Commission;    x-     .
   (b)  "marine toilet" means any toilet installed on .or.
        within a pleasure boat;                     -x
   (c)  "pleasure boat" means a boat that is used for pleasure
        and does not carry goods or persons for hire or reward,
        and includes a boat chartered or hired by or on behalf
        of the persons carried therein;
   (d)  "sewage" means organic and inorganic waste and litter,
        and includes human excrement, fuel, lubricants, paper,
        rags, bottles, glass, crockery, cans, scrap metal,
        junk, or similar refuse or garbage;
   (e)  "sleeping accommodation" means an enclosed or partially
        enclosed structure designed for the purpose of providing
        sleeping accommodation and furnished with berths,
        beds, or any arrangement of seating or dining facilities
        designed for use as sleeping accommodation, but does
        not include a sleeper seat, cuddy space or a cabin
        designed for storage or emergency shelter.

2. Clauses a and b of .section 4 and sections 5 and  6 apply only
   to a pleasure Boat that has sleeping accommodation.
                                                    i
3. No person shall discharge or deposit,
   (a_)  sewage consisting of human excrement; or
   (b_)  sewage that is not human excrement,
   from a pleasure boat into any water or otherwise permit
   such sewage to enter the water.                       ^-<

4. Every owner of a pleasure boat shall ensure that the boat,
   while in any water, is equipped with,
   (a)  a marine toilet;
  . (b_)  an approved device for the storage or disposal of sewage
   ~~   consisting of human excrement;  and
   (c_)  containers suitable fpr the storage of sewage that is
        not human excrement.

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I       Dated  at  Toronto,
        this  15th  day of
       •July  1966.            ,  , A        x          i
    * Apf>e-oofej> pr-^/c^S  AT rAPC,*tiJ (oiacv ^A>»-SJ
                                        '
  5.  No person shall  discharge  or deposit sewage  consisting  of
     human excrement  into or in a pleasure boat unless  the
     sewage is discharged into  or deposited in a  marine  toilet
     constructed,  installed and arranged in accordance  with
     this Regulation.


  6.  Every owner of a  pleasure  boat  shall ensure  that the marine
     toilet in the  boat  is constructed,  installed and arranged
     so that sewage consisting  of human  excrement deposited
     in or discharged  into the  toilet,
     (a)   is stored in or disposed of by an approved device
     ~"   for the  storage or disposal of such sewage^ and

     (b_)   is prevented from entering any water,


  7»  Every owner or operator of a pleasure boat shall ensure
     that sewage consisting of  human excrement deposited in
     or discharged  into  any device provided for the storage,
     treatment or disposal of such sewage that has not  been
     appro ye j. by^^the Commission is not discharged into,  deposited
     in or otherwise permitted  to enter  any water but is retained
  .   in the device  until such time as the sewage  can be  lawfully
   1  discharged or  deposited ashore  or is stored  in or  disposed
     6f by an approved device for the storage or  disposal of such
     sewage .

  6.  Every owner or operator of a pleasure boat shall ensure
     that sewage tha€  is not human excrement is retained on  board
     in suitable containers until such time as the sewage can be
     lawfully discharged or deposited ashore,                /

                                                    *<.   , - '
  9.'  (1)   Subject to subsection 2, this  Regulation comes into
          force on  the 1st day  of July,  I9o7.
     (2)   Section 2, clause a_ of  section 3, clauses a_ and b_   of
          section 4 and  sections  5,  6 and  7 do not apply until
          the  1st day  of July,  1968  to a pleasure  boat  in which
          a device  for the  treatment of  sewage consisting of
          human excrement  that  is not an  approved  device is  in-
          stalled before  the date this Regulation  is published
          in The Ontario  Gazette,
                                    ONTARIO WATER RESOURCES
                                        .COMMISSION:
                                /     '

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                                                   EXHIBIT D

                           '         FACT SHEET # 1

                           New York State Health Department
                                 Pure Waters Division
        This Fact Sheet summarizes significant pure waters laws,  passed by the 1965

   and 1966 New York State Legislature,  which have statewide application.

   j£ Provide Financial Aid _or Tax Advantages

   Chapter # 176 (1965)

        (Pure Waters Bond Act) authorizes the creation of a State debt up  to $1
   billion for the construction,  reconstruction and improvement of sewage  treatment
   plants and interceptor sewers.  It also permits the granting of up to 60 per-
   cent of the costs of such construction to local governments.  The Act also al-
   lows the State comptroller to  issue and sell State bonds up to $1 billion sub-
   ject to the State Finance Law.  The Act was subject to a majority vote  as
   Proposition No. 1 in the November, 1966 election and passed by a large  margin.

   Chapter # 177 (1965) — Became # 1263b Public Health Law

        (Construction Aid Act) provides for State aid of 30 per cent to local gov-
   ernments for the cost of sewage treatment works, plus the prefinancing  of a
   federal grant share of an additional 30 per cent.  This.means  the local share
   for pollution control would be only 40 per cent of the total cost.  The grant
   is retroactive to May 12.  It  would be effective until March 31, 1972.   The
   initial appropriation is $300  million.

   Chapter # 178 (1965) — Became # 1233 Public Health Law

        Chapter 178 permits, under State Income Tax Laws, deduction in the year of
   construction of waste treatment facilities of the total cost of such facilities
   by private industry.  The legislation is retroactive to January 1, 1965 and ef-
   fective to January 1, 1972. Such facilities must be certified by the State Com-
   missioner of Health as complying with all pertinent laws, regulations,  permits
   and orders.

   Chapter # 179 (1965) — Became # 1232 Public Health Law
                  \                       (
 -.      Chapter 179 grants tax exemptions from local real property taxes for all
 /privately constructed industrial waste  treatment facilities,  when properly
. •'. certified by the State Commissioner of Health as complying with pertinent laws,
•V  regulations, permits or orders.  The legislation is effective  from May  12, 1965
 .  to March 31, 1972.

 •  Chapter # 627 (1966) — Amends # 299-W County Law

        Chapter # 627 amends the  County Law, to require that State aid provisions  .
   for small watershed protection districts shall apply to projects for which reim-
   bursement made subsequent to April 1, 1963 was limited to $20,000, to the extent
   of the difference between $20,000 and one-half of such local small watershed
   protection expenditure.

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                                            -2-
Chapter # 481 (1966). -- Amends # 43,122 Transportation Corporation Law

     Chapter # 481 amends the Transportation Corporations Law, to authorize
water and sewer companies to contract with the U. S. Department of Agriculture
to operate without profit and receive federal aid under the Consolidated Farmers
Home Administration Act, subject to approval of the majority of the stockholders,
with those not approving to receive the fair value of their stock and other
rights and benefits


To Facilitate Enforcement

Chapter #180 (1965) — Amends # 1205, 1223, 1245, 1252 and repeals # 1224
                       Public Health Law

     Chapter # 180 abolishes the one-year period before an order.to abate pollu-
tion becomes absolute.  It permits the Commissioner to issue orders to abate
pollution and to establish reasonable timetables for compliance with such orders;
provides for review by either the Water Resources Commission or the courts, but
not both;eUminates independent applications to the Water Resources Commission for
dilatory relief by a polluter on the grounds of financial inability or lack of
known methods of wastes treatment, and reduces the time for an appeal from an
order from four months to 60 days.

Chapter # 451 (1965 -- Amends # 34.00, 36.00 Local Finance Law

    .Chapter # 451 amends the Local Finance Law by abolishing .the authority of
cities and villages to require that bond resolutions to finance sewage disposal
or treatment facilities ordered by the State Health Commissioner or the courts
be subject to permissive referenda.

Chapter # 793 (1966) -- Amends # 1230 and adds # 1255 Public Health Law

     Chapter # 793 amends and adds to the Public Health Law, to empower the
health commissioner of a county or part-county health district or a city to
bring an action In court for recovery of penalties provided by local law for
small-scale violations of water pollution control provisions,  occurring in the
district or city in which the commissioner has jurisdiction, and to make other
provisions as to local enforcement.        ,

Chapter # 794 (1966) « Amends # 1223, 1251 Public Health Law

     Chapter # 794 amends the Public Health Law, to authorize the Attorney
General, at the request of the Water Resources Commission or the State Commis-
sioner of Health, in the first instance, without prior administrative pro-     '
ceedings, to bring actions for injunction for violations of water pollution
control provisions, based on evidentiary matter or proof which the Commission
or the Commissioner will furnish him on his request.         "   .  . •••

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                                             -3-
Chapter # 402 (1966) — Amends # 36.00 Local Finance Law

     Chapter # 402 amends the Local Finance Law, to except from certain pro-
visions requiring bond resolutions adopted by a village finance board to be sub-
ject to permissive referendum, a resolution authorizing issuance of bonds for
construction or reconstruction of facilities for the conveyance, as well as the .
treatment and disposal of sewage required by an order of the State Commissioner
of Health or the Water Resources Commission.
To Establish Regulations and Standards

Chapter # 986 (1965) — Amends # 1205 Public Health Law

     Chapter # 986 amends the Public Health Law (Water Pollution Control Act)
by establishing water quality and purity standards for various classifications
of surface waters in terms of maximum permissible numbers of organisms of the
coliform group.  It stipulates that surface waters shall be protected by ade-
quate disinfection of sewage treatment plant effluents.

Chapter # 605 (1965) — Amends # 266 County Law

     Chapter # 605 amends the County Law to authorize establishment of scale
of sewerage and treatment charges, on any equitable basis.

Chapter # 595 (1966) — Amends # 1210, adds # 1226 Public Health Law

     Chapter # 595 amends the Public Health Law, to require the State Department
of Health to make rules, regulations and standards for testing and measuring the
volume, strength and constituents of industrial wastes and other wastes at their
outlets into classified waters of the State and require such dischargers of
wastes to maintain permanent records of the resulting data and to report them
periodically to the Commissioner.of Health; and to prohibit the use of existing
or new outlets for the discharge of such wastes unless in compliance with such
rules, regulations and standards and such data are reported thereon.

Chapter # 538 (1966) — Amends # 429-f, adds # 630, 631 Conservation Law

     Chapter # 538 amends the Conservation Law, to fix new provisions prescrib-
ing penalties for violations of any provisions of the Water Resources Law, or
determinations or orders of the Water. Resources Commission, and Procedures for
recovery of such penalties.

Chapter # 955 (1965) — Amends Conservation Law generally and # 31, 32
                        Navigation Law

     Chapter $ 955 amends the Conservation Law and the Navigation Law to vest
the Water Resources Commission with authority, formerly In the Conservation
Department and Department of Public Works to issue permits for construction,  re-
construction or repair of dams, Impoundment structures, docks, piers and wharfs
in any natural watercourse, and for excavations and fills in the navigable waters
of the State.                                                       '       '

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 Chapter # 897 ^L96'6) — Adds # 33c Navigation Law
      Chapter # 897 adds to the Navigation Law, to prohibit the discharge of
 sewage or other liquid or solid materials into the waters of the State from
 watercraft, marinas or moorings which will render the water unsightly, noxious
 or otherwise unwholesome and detrimental to the public health or welfare or to
 the enjoyment of the waters for recreational purposes; to prohibit the discharge
 of any litter into such waters from such sources; to prohibit the use of marine
 toilets on watercraft unless such toilets are equipped with approved facilities
 of a type approved by the State Commissioner of Health that will adequately
 treat, hold, incinerate or otherwise handle sewage in a manner that is capable
 of preventing water pollution, and which if they provide for chlorination or
 chemical treatment will produce an effluent that is free from unsightly or
 floating solids and contains 1,000 or less coliform organisms per 100 ml.

      Provisions of the law relating to use of pollution control devices take
 effect June 1, 1968; provisions relating to littering take effect August 1, 1966;
 provisions relating to marina sewage disposal facilities took effect immediately
 under the provisions of the State water pollution control law.

 Chapter # 287 (1966) -- Adds # 1115a Public Health Law

      Chapter # 287 amends the Public Health Law, to permit the owner of land
 acquired as one parcel for residential purposes to apply to local or State
 Health Departments having Jurisdiction, for a certificate approving the water
 supply and sewage facilities for said parcel as adequate and satisfactory, and .
 to make other provisions as to the contents of such certificate and the filing
 thereof.                                                                    ,

 Chapter # 971 (1965) -- Amends # 180 Conservation Law

      Chapter # 971 amends the Conservation Law to authorize enactment of com-
 patible local laws, prohibiting the disposal of earth, soil, refuse, or other
 solid substances in streams, ponds or lakes within any county, city,, town or
 village.


 Other Water Resources Legislation

 Chapter # 681 (1965)                                          •

      Chapter # 681 continues the Temporary State Commission on Water Resources
 Planning until March 31, 1966 and outlines five specific functions of the Com-
 mission: completion of studies of effects of detergent wastes and other sewage-
 origin wastes on ground water resources; investigation of problems of water
.. rights and water laws in terms of effective water resources planning, develop-
 ment and use; completion of studies of waste water treatment to supplement
 ground waters; investigation of problems of providing sewers and water systems
 for subdivisions, and study of water pollution from boats and marinas In inland
 water areas.

 Chapter $ 661 (1965) — Adds Article 5-H General Municipal Law

      Chapter # 661 amends the General Municipal Law to authorize municipal
 corporations to engage in and pay for activities to develop the  use of atmos-
 pheric water resources (rain-making).                                 :

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             ^   '                     -5-


Chapter # 663 (1965) — Amends  # 410  Conservation Law


     Chapter # 663 makes  the Commissioner of  the Office for Local Government
aft additional regular member of the Water Resources Commission.


Chapter # 481 (1965) — Amends  # 192a Town Law


     Chapter # 481 amends the Town Law to permit installation of sewage col-
lection facilities in excess of those required  to serve a proposed.sewer dis-
trict, by resolution subject to permissive referendum, and to specify financing
methods for such excess facilities.


Chapter # 805 (1966)


     Chapter # 805 extends until March 31, 1967 the existence of the Temporary
State Commission on Water Resources Planning, with the provisions to be retro-
active and deemed to have been  in effect on and after April 1, 1966.


Chapter # 905 (1966) — Adds #  823-829 Conservation Law


     Chapter # 905 adds to the  Conservation Law, to create a regional inter-
governmental compact to formulate provisions  for planning, conservation, utili-
zation, development and management of water resources and related natural re-
sources of the Champ lain basin, and to fix other provisions relating to the
purposes, membership on the basin panel, advisory committee, budget and audit,
with such provisions to become  effective when enacted by the legislatures of
New York and Vermont.



To Modify Conservation Laws


Chapter # 630 (1966) — Amends  # 275  Conservation Law


     Chapter # 630 amends the Conservation Law, to prohibit a person maintaining
a dam which holds back water known by him to be inhabited by fish,  from drawing
off water so as to cause substantial  loss of  fish within the empoundment, without
written permission from the Water Resources Commission, subject to certain
exceptions.


Chapter # 598 (1966) — Adds #  429-j  Conservation Law


     Chapter # 598 adds to the  Conservation Law, to prescribe the right of persons
to make harmless alterations in watercourses and lakes and to prohibit action for
damages or for injunction unless harm is caused or would be caused to the plaintiff;
defines harmless alterations and prescribes procedures to protect rights and de-
fenses thereto.                          .                 .,
                                                      '   '

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                                                                 EXHIBIT E
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