"E ON  0£J>  0? RE^CTIVI^Y CRI'i^RI^ IN CONTROL 0?  ORGANIC
'.MISSIONS POR KEDUC7IOK OF AIllCSPIIEKIC OXIDAS'.'S
       Koni'coring .r.nd Data Analvnis Division
    Ofi'lce of Ail Quality Planning and  Suan
       Office of Air and Waste Management
    Environmental Sciences Research L
       Office of Research and Development
          Research Triangle Park, N.C.
               August  13,  1975

-------
K
                                              -'"' '" ""''"•!  AGENCY

-------
                  UNITED S".Ai ' :' •',;'/:.-.?•-'; ..YC TAL F!",OTUCTIOW Ai YY'CY
SUBJECT: r;equ&ct for  RsvJrTu ' V "C-'.( i C!C Y ,-  :.;, <'.€
         Rejctivity Critt'("lJ ^tandarrf^
TO"                                                         **
         Air and Hazardous  Mattrl «1 s  Oivirion Directors, RC'^'^I^M^^^*'-^ i-5"^;^

              In my memo  to yen;  duttc' Aunu: t t"» 197C, subject, "Stationary
         Source Hydrocarbon Control »  EFA-RVF Status Report," 1 incMcctad  -
         that OAQPS ciid the Hnvirorjiisntal  Sciences Research Laboratory  (£SRL),
         RIP v/ere drafting  a  ciuiderine ^cuine-nt on the use of photochemical
         reactivity concepts  ir:  iJ.o control  cf atmospheric oxidants.  The,
         draft has been completed  and is enclcsGd.  I would appreciate  your
         review and comments  on  the draft pr.i'ticularly suggestions or any
         comments you may have on  making it noro useful to'stste e.nd local
         air pollution control agencies.  I  wculd appreciate your comments
         by August 31, 1975,  if  at all possible,  I am also sending the
         reactivity classification tables  to selected individuals in industry
         who have a knowledge of photochsirncal reactivity for technical
         review arid Dr. Paul  Altshuller} ESRL, is forwarding these saii:e
         tables to the Air  Pollution  Chemistry and Physics Advisory Committee
         for their review.

              It is impprtant to note that this guideline does not recommend
         revision of any  of the  current SIP's.  fha maifj purpose of the docu-
         ment is to bring together the latest information v/e have on photo-
         chemical reactivity  and to formulate a uniform EPA policy towards
         3ts use.  The guidelines  can, of course, be utilized in writing new
         SIP's when and if  the need arises*   Hone cf the current, SIP's,"to
         my knowledge, is generally inconsistent with the guidance offered
         in the documents at  least for the near term.  Some undoubtedly vjill
         have to be changed in the future as we learn more about the part
         organic emissions  play  in the formation of atmospheric oxidants.

         cc: k£rifGvr.Er,ent Directors,  Region? I-X
              S&A Directors,  Regions  I-X
              P. Altshuller
              R, Bsum
              0. Hi dinner
              M. Hirsch
              R. Strelow
              W. Talley
              E. Tuerk
              R. Wilson
EPA ronn 13iC-i (Rss. t~Ti)

-------
 OX'OF-j-3?;.:•: 01° (>oi; OP ya^., . :r\ /', / o-rTirrj^  IF  CONTROL o?  O)':AM:CC
     The concept of clc^oniGyring organic compounds  accord-
ing to their photochemical react!vi-ty was-born  out of  oarly
smog changer studies which chowocl that different co:npoxa"'5.~-
gave rise to different amounts of ozone and  ox id ant.7 when
irradiated with simulated sunlight.  Those, studies lee1 to
separating organics into reactive and non-reactive compounds -
from a photochemical point of view - and suggested the option
of selective emission control as..a possible  alternative tc
control of all sources of organic compounds.
     To date, various state, and local agencies  have issued
control regulations.based on the reactivity  concept.   At
best, these.regulations have been merely inconsistent, but
at worst, recent studies show them to be based  on  a too
simple interpretation of "reactivity data."   Thus,  some regu-
lations call for control of all sources of organic emissions,
while others call for control of only "reactive organics,"
•the definition differing, however, among the various jurisdictic
     EPA.has issued guidelines concerning use of the reactivity
concept in control of emissions  (Appendix B,  Requirements
for Preparation Adoption and Submittal "of Implementation
Plans, FR 36, 153, 15495, August 14, 1971).   These guide-
lines are now inadequate both because they addressed sol\*ent
emissions only, and because new studies have provided  additional
information that casts doubt on the technical basis for portions
of Appendix B.  The purpose of this document is to review
the reactivity concept in the light of the latest  laboratoi.
findings, and to-present EPA's current position regarding  ujt
of the data in controlling formation of photochemical  oxidants.
Ho State Implementation Plan  (SIP) need be revised at  the  presei
tinv: because of the issuance of this document,  but new SIPs  shoi
take advantage of the concepts contained herein.
     Studies are continuinc on the reactivity of: the organic
compounds and on their conversion to oxidants.   Whan the rer.v.lt
of these studies indicate that changes in thin  guideline are
needed, revisions will be issued.

-------
OP  ORGANIC  COMPOUND
                                         CLASSIFICATION
      Since  control  oi:  ornr.nio coir.poxmd emissions has as its
-main  purpose- inin.irnizing the production of photochemical
pxidants•• t  it is  only logical chat" reactivity "of organic _com-
pounds be  defined in teriTtS of their ability"to form oxid'ants*"
Because of  the enormous complexity of atmospheric processes,
however, the reactivities of .Individual organic pollutants
cannot be  determined frora atmospheric measurements.  Rather,
reactivities must be determined from smog chamber experiments,
      Most  of the reactivity data presently available were
obtained from smog  chamber studies carried out several years
ago.   Test  conditions  in those studies were chosen to simulate
an  extremely simplified picture of atmospheric oxidant forma-
tion  processes.   That  is, air containing the test organic
compound and NO   at prescribed concentrations  was irradiated
               X
for six hours with  fluorescent lamps simulating sunlight at
Los Angeles summer  mid-day intensity.. . These conditions approx:
mate  the simple  case of emissions which"are discharged during
the early morning hours and react in -situ until the early
afternoon.   Reactivity relations obtained under such experi-.
mental conditions,  however, have only limited significance
for reasons related mainly to the initial HC and NO  concentra-
                                                    X
tions and  to the irradiation conditions used.
      This  is evident from the following description of. the
course of  events in the chamber.  There app.ear to be two main
stages of  chemical  reactions.  In the first stag'e, the impor-
tant  process is  the hydrocarbon-promoted conversion of NO
to  NO-. . The second stage., in which oxidants build up in tha
atmosphere, begins  after the NO has been oxidized to MO?.
For a given organic reactant, then, higher concentrations of
NO  and/or  shorter irradiation times will delay or prevent maxi-
mum oxidant formation.  Conversely, higher initial HC-to-NOv
concentration ratJos and/oi- longer irradiation times will maxi-
mize  oxidant formation.  The latter exoerimental conditions

-------
would give a -higher photc>c.u;-nlcal reactivity value fcr .a
given compound than vavf'.r: the former.  T-bs significance of
the. current reactivity" d,-,ta i.\'v
-------
       situation thai: ha< b-f.n studied, and found .to be of .con-
       cern is tha'c    r;r-ifjcu by the passage of a high pressure
 -  ..    system.  Within svcb. f; pyctem—typically covering
       several thou.sard  square ni3.es—-emissions from -all
       urban  (and- nonujiban) sources disperse and mix relatively
       rapidly, stay aloft  for perhaps several days, and forra
       a fairly uniform  "blanket" of oxidants that afflicts
       the entire area in the high pressure cell -when the pollu-
       tants 'are brought dovm to the ground.       ~
     —Both in the Los Angeles -basin case-and the Mid-West
       areas case, the aerometric data established that the
       organic-to~NO, ratio in the ambient air can be much
                    j£
       higher than the ratios used in the smog chamber studies,
       Thus, the measured    ratios/were, in general, higher
       in. the more reacted  air masses, and., carbon atom-tp~NQ
                                                            X
       ratios       of   100 or higher have been observed.
     The most important  implications of these findings are
(a) that the orga'nic-to~NO  ratio and" irradiation conditions
                          
-------
current EPA think troy :•<••;--'" '>'J optimum use of  reactivity
criteria in contra." , ~i-\.:zc<-*zti:, ':bat organic compounds  should
be categorized intu l-birr.-'-'- .inactivity classes -defined  as
follows:
     Class__I ;     • OrcsaniCfc-. yielding little, if  any/  Q-,
     low "          vmcler typical urban conditions *
     reactivity

     Class ^11:   .  Organi.cs which give a.n intermediate yield
     medium.    .   of O-. vithin the first solar  day.
     reactivity
                   Organics which give very high yields  of
     high reactivity . O^ within  a  few  hours  of  irradiation.  .
This classification is based on  data where organic  concentratio
is typical of urban atmospheres .  . The  molecular organic  con-
centrations would be in the range  of 1 to 4  ppm.
     Table 1 lists various chemical families
and some individual compounds  in these three categories.  (It
is important to observe the footnotes  to this table.)  Table
2 is     an alphabetical listing of selected high-volume .
organic compounds. manufactured, in  the  U.S. with a column
indicating the reactivity category into which they  fall.   Sines
many of these, compounds have never 'been examined in a  smog
chamber. for their photochemical  reactivity,  they cannot  be
categorized with confidence, as  footnotes to this table
indicate. • Furthermore, even some  of the organics tested
cannot" be categorized with confidence  because of
inconsistencies in the experimental data.  .
     Thus, Table lf as well as Table 2, should  be considered
as only a tentative categorization of  compounds according to
their photochemical reactivity.  It is correct  to the  best of
our knowledge at the present time.  It will  undergo revisions
with advancement of that knowledge.  Even so, the tables are
very useful in developing a hydrocarbon control strategy based
on the reactivity concept.  It is  our  belief that organic

-------
compounds not listed in Tr'^r-:   ;•:  c:onld  be  classified by
referring to "tile general  family classi'f £cation~as  given in
Table 3 .  If an orrniiic compound  cannot be classified by use of
either Table 1-or Table   2,  the Office  of  Air  Quality Planning
ancl Standards, in cooperation with Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratoryr Research -Triangle  Park, JS.C.., will provide
an appropriate classification.
     Under the State Impleirieritation 'Plans, the amount of hydro-
carbon control in an area is determined by the amount of oxidan
observed in the area. - Procedures for determining  the necessary
hydrocarbon emission reduction  have been provided  in CFR 51.14(
and Appendix J of PR 3j6.:158' August 14, ^1971.   Nothing in this
present guideline on reactivity changes those  proced\:res.  The.
reactivity information provided here is to be  used only for
identifying the organic compounds which should be  considered fc
control, and the control  credit which can  be given for- various
compound substitution strategies.
USE OF THF REACTIVITY CONCEPT
     Prom the foregoing discussion, it  is  clear that the photo-
chemical reactivity-of the organic compounds can influence the
oxidant pollution situation ^in  several  ways.   Control strate-
gies^ can thus be based on recognizing,  in  Table 1, that the
most^rej£tive__organic compounds_j(Cl.ass_III_)_ wlilproduce '
oxidants rapidly in the vicinity_of their  release,- before they
are transported to distant areas  downwind. These  are the ...com-
pounds which produce the  major  fractionof oxidants fcund with:
the urban source areas.   The compounds  in  the  medium reactivity
category (Class II) , on the  other hand,  will produce__only a
moderate amount of oxidants  on  the day  of  their_rel_ease.  They
will'" con tribute to the oxidants found downwind of  _thsir releasi
point on sxibsequent days  and may  contribute__tg_ q_x_idant_. levels
observed in downwind cities.
     The meteorology and source distribution  in an area are
important in the use of reactivity  information.  Since there

-------
    seasonal differences :'.;.• vaotoorology ,  it  is  possible U:at
there may be seasonal alternatives  for hydrocarbon control i'n
an area,- too.  For. exeiaple, if organic compounds  of Class Til
will form relatively largo concentrations of oxidants  in the
vicinity of their release, their  emissions must be- closely.
controlled unless" the relea?>e point is very  isolated,  or unless
the temperature does not .gen er ally  rise above 65°F, or unless
the frequency of cloud cover would  prevent the  entrance of
ultra-violet radiation to initiate  the photochemical process.
The current procedure of basing the amount of hydrocarbon contr
on observed oxidant helps account for these  differences .
     Generally  Class JT^_(mejli^J__^^
compounds both should b_e_JbjLe..al^eA-_ajS_reajc t iye or gan i gs  c_e-.pabl e
of forming oxidant anastld_b^^nj2lj^                   of
the amount of control needed .  Whenever a  Class  II  compound can
be substituted for a Class III, an obvious benefit  relative to
photochemical oxidant will result, especially  in "the  geographic
vicinity of the emission.  Therefore,  such substitution  should
be considered as a valuable interim measure providing additions
time for sources to 'develop and apply  the  required  degree of
control of reactive organics. or substitution of  Class I  com-
pounds .
     It is conceivable that in some situations full credit as  c
permanent control measure could be given for the substitution
of 'Class "II for Class III.  These would only involve, isolated  •
sources or. cities in an area of rapid, unidirectional wind -
transport and excellent dispersion  'or vhere photochemical
reactivity is very low.  In these rare situations,  it is
possible that dilution would overwhelm the long-term  formation
of oxidant.  This should be' considered -the unusual  situation
and a case-by-case documentation required.
     In p_rinciple,__emission of Class I compounds need not be
considered nor controlled under any conditions— with  respect

-------
to their foin-ir^' photcc:v;.i-ii<. ul  or.: ciar.tc.   From this point of
view, they are exeinp_t  .^-'c:/  ^,?^'."':•<-!_ rG_duotipn__cpntrpi calcula-
tions, such as Appendix J or proper ii.cna3  roll-back.  Therefore;,
so long as an industrial procos:,__f^cv^:_not
compound to" a temperaturc^ abcv^ 175°J^/_njD
^®_^£E§H^£^_^P_ ^;^LP?£'-3--Ts-    (":'"&  temperature of 175°F is
one v;hich is generalJy oonsidereJ. to be incapable of forming
photochemically reactive compounds by either decomposition of,
or synthesis from, other organic compounds,)   Again, it
is important to restate that this freedom  from restriction
applies only to potential oxidant formation.  Other reasons,
such as odor or toxicity for example, could dictate the
application of control devices  to a  process.  (However,
these would not be regulated under the State Implementation
Plans.)  Substitution  of Class  I compounds for Class II or
Class III compound   thus may be of  potentially great benefit bo^
oxidant reduction and  as a  cost-effective  control strategy,
     On the other hand, emission of  any quantity__of__any-:-C-l»ss II
or Class III compound  from  an__induB trial process must__be_ con-
sidered only an interim measure.  From this point of view, all
Los Angeles  "Rule  66"-type  regulations are tentative.  V7e do
not suggest  changing at  this  time these regulations which are
already • incorporated in  SIPs,  however.  As temporary measures
leading to the reduction of reactive organic emissions,.they
serve a useful purpose..   They are effective while reformulating.
process solvents or developing control devices.
In the long  run, however, the reduction of organic compounds
according to Appendix J  (modified by omitting Class I low
reactivity compounds from the emission inventory) must be
followed.                                     '   -
     Those state   and local air pollution control agencies whicV
are considering adopting regulations governing organic solvent
emissions similar  to the Los  Angeles "Rule 66,"  may want to
consider modifying those regulations in view of  the reactivity
classification of  organic compounds  presented in this document.
For example, parts (b) and  (c)  of that rule could be modified
to relax restrictions

-------
on Class I~ compound?:, as they are listed in Table 1 of "this
present; document.  Furtherr part (k) which defines a photo-
chemically reactive solvent,  oov.ld be modified as.follows: .
    "A photochemical ly xoc'Ct;,ive solvent is any solvent
    with an aggreg-ate of raoro than 12_££££SHt. °^ •*-4cs total
   "volume composed of the cherrdcal compounds classified
    'below or which exceeds; any of the following individual
    percentage composition limitations, referred to the
    total volume of the solvent:
    1.  A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters,
        or ketones having an olefinic or cycloolefinic
        type of unsaturation, and of aliphatic aldehydes,
        ethers, cellosolves,  cellosolve acetates, tri-
        & tetraalkyl benzenes:  5 percent
    2.  A combination of dialkyl benzenes:  8 percent
    3.  A combination of monoalkyl bensenes except tert-
        alkyl benzenes, ketones having branched hydrocar-
        bon structures, trichloroethylene:  20 percent
    4.  A combination of paraffins or cycloparaffins
        with four or more carbon atoms to the molecule,
        n-alkyl .ketones with four or more carbon atoms
        to the molecule, primary or secondary alkyl
        acetates with three or more carbon atoms to the
        molecule:  40 percent"  -
   ' Although there will 'continue to be controversy over any
definition of reactivity and its use in control strategies,
these guidelines provide a uniform Agency policy and represent
the latest scientific findings from both laboratory and field
studies.  These guidelines should be used principally in
developing new SIPs.  It is not Agency policy to revise
existing State Implementation Plans for O.  just to make them
conform to these guidelines on reactivity.  The current plans
generally are not inconsistent with the guidance being

-------
provideds arid often  thr.- E^^sti tut.Ions required effectively
implement the Class  III to  Clcsr> II interim measures.

-------
               Table 1.  Reacl; \vil.y 'Cj '.ii;c. \ficatioA of - Organics
                         Baso>\ oir ff--b bwpcj Chamber  Studies
     Class I
 (Low Reactivity)

 Ci-C3 Paraffins
 Acetylene  ^
 Benzene  \^~
 Benzaldehyde ^
 Acetone
 Methanol
 Tert-alkyl alcohols ^
 Phenyl acetate v'
 Methyl benzoate NX"
 Ethyl Amines ^^
 Dimethyl forrnamide /
 Perhalogenated ^
  hydrocarbons
 Partially halogenated
  paraffins
 Phthalic Anhydride**
 Phthalic Acids**
 Acetonitrile*
 Acetic Acid
 Aromatic Amines
 Hydroxyl Amines
 Naphthalene*
 Chlorobenzenes*
 Nitrobenzene s*
 Phenol*
das;.; II
 rptn ]:eactiv.i,ty)
                                Class III
                           (High Reactivity)
MonQ~i-.ort--3.lkyl benzenes <•'
Cyclic-Ketones r>
Alky.l acetates  £•
2 -N itrcpropai -,e
C^+~Paraffins
Cycloparaffins  ~"
n-alkyl Ketones a
M-methyl pyrrolidone BJ
N,N-dimethyl acetamide-^
Alkyl Phenols*
Methyl phthalates**
                      All other  aromatic hydr
                      carbons  &. t &
                      All.Olefinic hydrocarbc
                       (including partially he
                      genated)   &-, \L ,
                      Aliphatic  aldehydes  '"
                      Branched alky.1 Ketones
                      Cell'osolve acetate &
                      Unsaturated Ketones £
                      Primary 5  secondary 
-------
                                                 Table  2
No.
Compound
  Name
 1    Acetic Acid.
 2    Acetic Anhydride
 3    AcetaidehydG
 4    Acetone
 5    Acetone Cyanohydrin
        (2-methylIactonitrile)
 6    Acetonitrile  (Methyl
       Cyanide)
 7    Acetylene(excluding
       CaC2-Chemical only)
 8    Acrylic Acid
 9    Acrylonitrile  (Vinyl
       Cyanide)
10    Adipic Acid
11    Aniline  (Aminobenzene).
12    Benzene  (Chemical)
13    Bisphenol-A
14    Butadiene
15    n-Butane
16    Iscbutane
17    1 & 2 Butanes
18    Isobutylene
19    n-Butanol  (n-butyl
       alcohol)
20    2-Butoxyethariol
21    n-Butyl Acetate
activity
a be gory
I
I
III
I
I**
I*
I
III**
III**
III**
I
I
II*
III
II
II
III
III
III
III
II
Production in" Mil:
Ibs/yr (Year) (Rf
2277
1573
1400
2073
484
135
400
950
1400
1520
553
8000
388
3666
2331
659
1508
1611
540
133.3
95
(1974 (1)
"(1970 MH
1973(D
1974(1)
1968(3)
1970(7)
1974(1)
19?3(4)
1974 (1)
- 1974 (1)
1974 (1)
1974(1)
1974 '15
1974 (1)
1970^7'
1968(3)
1968(3)
1968(3)
1974(D
1970 (7'
1970(7

-------
Table. 2  (continued)
Compound Reactivity
No.
22
23
24

25

26


27
28
29

30

31
32
33
34
35

36
37

38


Name
Sec Butyl Alcohol
Tertiary Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Disulfide
(carbon bisulfide)
Carbon Tetrachloride
(Tetrachloromethane)
Chloroform
(Trichloromethane)

Mono Chlorobenzene
p~di-Chlorobenzene
1,3, -Dichloropropene
& 1, 2-Dichloropropene
Cumene
(Isopropylbenzene)
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Diethylene Glycol
Di- (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Diisodecyl Phthalate
Dimethyl terephtha-
late. (DMT)
Epichlorohydrin
(l-chloro-2, 3, epoxy-
propane)
Category
III
I
I**

!**

I


I*
I*
III

III

II
III
III
III*
III**

III**
II**

III**


Production in Millie
Ibs/yr
525
1000
768

1014

301


403
77.3
60

3000

2384
481
783.4
335
435

153.3
2714

495 .


(Year) (i
1974(4)!5)
1970 ( "
1972(13)

1974(1)

1974(D

f i -*\
1972 ^ '
1972
1970 ( ;)

1974 (6)

1974(1)
1968 (3)
19?2(13)
19?3(1)
1970 !7)

1970(7)
1973U3)

1974C4HS>



-------
Table 2 (continued)
No.
39

40

41
42

43
44

45
46

47

48

49

50
51
52

53


Compound Reactivity
Name Category
Ethane (chemical
conversion only)
Ethanolamines
(mono,di & tri)
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Alcohol
(Ethanol)
Ethyl Benzene
Ethyl Chloride
(Chloroethane)
2-Ethoxyhexanol
Ethylene (chemical
conversion only)
Ethylene
dibroraide
' Ethylene dichloride
(1, 2/dichloroethane)
Ethyl Ether
(diethyl ether)
Ethylene Glycol
'Ethylene Oxide
2-Ethylhexanol
•
Fluorocarbon 11
(Tr ichlorof luoromethane )
Freon 11, F-ll
I

III**

II
III

III
I
I
III
III

I

I

III

III*
III**
III

I


Production in Millie
Ibs/yr (Year) (Re
2056

305

170
1741

7020
660

205
23,587

334

7721
-
131

3079+
3956
402

347


1968(3)
-
1974 (!)

1974(1)
1974 (13)

1974(1>
1974 (14)

1970(7)
1974 (1)

1573(12)

1974(14)

1974(4)(5)

1974(1)
1974(1)
1974(1)
n d }
1974 U4)



-------
Table 2  (continued)
Compound Reactivity Production" in Mil? ii
No.
54


55


56


57


58
59
60

61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

Name
Fluorocarbon 12
(Dichlorodif luoro-
methane) Freon 12
Fluorocarbon 22
(Monochlorodi-
fluoromethane) Freon 22
Fluorocarbon 113
trichlorotr if luoro-
ethane
Fluorocarbon 114
(dichlorotetrafluoro-
ethane)
Formaldehyde (100%)
Glycerine (Glycerol)
Formin (Hexamethylene-
tetramine)
Heptenes/ mixed
1,6 Hexanediamine
Hydrogen Cyanide
Isodecyl Alcohol
Isoprene - -
Isoprophl Alcohol
n-propyl alcohol
Maleic Anhydride
Methanol (Methyl
Alcohol)
Category
I


I


I


I


III
III*
III**

III
III**
— .
Ill
III
III
III
III**
I

Ibs/yr
503


141


59
1

23


2152
360
95

274
854.4
300
147
401
1905
83.1
295
6789

(Year) (K
1974(14!


1974 <"»


1574 <14>


1974 <">


1974 (1>
1Q73(13)
1970<7'

1968 (3>
1970 (7J
1963(2)
1970<7'
1974(4)(5)
1974 <7!
1970(7)
1973(1)
1974(1!


-------

-------
Table 2  (continued)

No.
70

71

72

73

74
75
76
77
78 •

79

80

81

82

83
S4
.85
86
Compound
Name
Methyl Chloride
(Chloromethane )
Methylene Dichloride
(Methylene Chloride)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(MEK)
Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone (MIBK)
Methyl Methacrylate
Solvent N apt ha
Napthalene
Nitrobenzene
n-octyl-n-decyl.
phthalate
Nonyl Phenol
(ethoxylated)
Perchloroethylene
(Tetrachloroethylene)
Phenol

Phosgene (Carbonyl
Chloride)
Phthalic Anhydride
Propane
Propylene
Propylene Glycol
Reactivity
Category
I

I

II
!
Ill

III**
III
I*
I*
III**

II*

I

I*

	 „

I*
I
III '
III
Production
Ibs/yr
458

590

506

161

640
8288.4
535
655
200

177.9

731

2450

637

1030
' ' 9608. 3
10,011
537
,in Millie
(Year) (He
1974 «>

1974 (1>

1974 (1>

1974(1>

1973 <"
1S70<7>
1970 (7)
1968(3'
1970!7'

1970<7>

1974(1)

1974 (1)
M -SV
1972 UJ)

1974(1>
1970 <7)
1974 (1)
1974 (1!

-------
                                  Table 2 (continued)
No.
87
88

89
90

91

92
93

94

95
96
97

98

99


100

101
Compound > Reactivity
N&me ' Category
Propylene Oxide
Styrene (Phenyl
ethylene)
Terephthalic Acid
Terephthalic Acid,
Dimethyl Ester
Tetrapropylene
(mix of C,? olefins)
Toluene
Toluene Ddisocyanates
2,4, & 2,6 (TDI)
1,1/1 Trichloroethane
(methylchloroform)
Trichloroethylene
Triethylene glycol
Vinyl Acetate
Monomer (VAM)
Vinyl Chloride
Monomer (VCM)
in & Mixed xylenes
(excluding purified
o & p)
o-xy3 ene
1,2 dimethylbenzene
p-xylene
III**
III

I**
II**

III

III
117**

I

III
III*
III*

III

III


III

III
Production in Millie
Ibs/yr (-Year) (R<
1780
6190

900
1309

384

7000
641

590

434
93.6
1403
-
5604

485


1048

2677
1974 (1)
1974(1)

1973 {13)
1968{3)

1964(6)

1974 (!)
1974 ^

1974 (1)

1974(1)
1973 (12)
1973(1)

1974 (1)

1972(12)

•
1974(1>

1974(1>
(1,4  dimethylbenzene

-------
^n.'l::c^c,r.t-.l Pr-otection Agency
P3?;icn V,  Library
?co s-uch  Pica-burn Street
Chic,-.-:-, Illinois  6060H

-------
U.B. Not Included  in  tliis  3:'.:.'_  £.::o foly;^"G and other high molecular
     wcight compounds o£ very lov vo'.y ti.'. icy.   Alro net included
     arc natural products,  sar-.h c\s tv.'-xc-:r
-------