OOOD89100
; :::::.::::;
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR ASSESSING AND
REMEDIATING CONTAMINATED SITES
DRAFT
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
401 M STREET, S.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
MAY 1989
b.S Environmental Protection Agency
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CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgments iv
Executive Summary v
I. Topical Guidance Directory 1-1
Overview 1-2
Preliminary Site Assessment 1-2
Characterization of Contaminant Source(s) and
Environmental Setting 1-3
Characterization of Contaminant Source(s) 1-3
Characterization of Environmental Setting 1-5
Assessment of Contaminant Fate and Transport 1-7
Selection, Design and Implementation of Remedial
Technologies 1-9
Selection of Remedial Technologies 1-13
Design and Implementation of Remedial
Technologies 1-13
Performance Evaluation of Remedial Technologies 1-15
II. Technical Support Systems and Data Bases II-l
Commercial Data Bases II-3
EPA Data Bases II-6
Other Federal Agency Data Bases 11-13
Models/Applications Software 11-16
Technical Support/Reference Systems 11-18
III. Annotated Bibliography Ill-l
IV. Compendium of Courses, Symposia, Workshops, and
Conferences iv-l
Corrective Action Technologies, Design,
and Management IV-3
Sampling and Analysis IV-30
Health and Safety IV-34
Risk Assessment IV-35
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CONTENTS (continued)
V. Technical Assistance Directory V-l
1. Introduction V-2
2. Ord Ground-Water Research Facility Descriptions V-4
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory V-6
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory V-7
Environmental Research Laboratory V-8
International Ground Water Modeling Center V-9
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office V-10
Exposure Assessment Group V-ll
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory V-12
Water Engineering Research Laboratory V-13
3. Technical Assistance Contacts by Research Facility V-14
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
- Las Vegas V-15
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory V-16
Environmental Research Laboratory - Athens V-l8
International Ground Water Modeling Center V-l9
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
- Cincinnati V-20
Exposure Assessment Group V-20
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory V-20
Water Engineering Research Laboratory V-24
4. Technical Assistance Contacts by Subject V-26
5. Program Office and Regional Office Contacts V-34
Office of Drinking Water V-35
Office of Ground-Water Protection V-35
Office of Solid Waste V-35
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response V-35
Office of Underground Storage Tanks v-36
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement V-36
Office of Pesticide Programs V-36
Office of Toxic Substances V-36
Region I V-37
Region II V-37
Region III V-38
Region IV V-38
Region V V-39
Region VI V-40
Region vn v-40
Region VIII V-41
Region IX V-41
Region X v-42
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This guide was prepared under the direction of Joseph M. Abe, Waste
Management Division, Office of Solid Waste, United States Environmental
Protection Agency. Special thanks is given to Vernon B. Myers, Chief of the
Ground-Water Section, whose technical oversight and flexible management style
enabled the creation of this initial document. Among the many EPA individuals
who contributed significantly to the development of the guide are Melanie
Barger, Jim Brown, Jon Perry, Paul Schumann, Bill Stelz, Joe Williams, Jim
Cummings, and countless scientists and engineers throughout the Agency.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document is intended as a practical guide or pathfinder for
government and industry personnel that are involved with assessing and
remediating contaminated sites. Successful implementation of environmental
programs is strongly dependent on the availability of technical resources such
as guidance, technical support systems, data bases, training, and technical
experts. This guide should help environmental scientists and engineers
address contaminant releases to ground water, soil, surface water, and air by
directing these individuals to appropriate sources of information.
Several EPA programs deal with assessing and remediating contaminated
sites. These include the RCRA hazardous waste program, which regulates the
treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste, the CERCLA program, which
responds to releases from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, and the UST
program which regulates releases from underground storage tanks. Although
differences exist among EPA programs, many technical considerations regarding
assessment and remediation activities are shared between them. This guide
directs the user toward information on assessment and remediation activities
that are common to site contamination problems in general; and therefore, may
provide technical assistance to a variety of programs.
It is anticipated that the guide will be available in two forms: (1) as
a hard copy, i.e., in three-ring binder form and (2) stored on files within
computer networks such as the OSWER Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS; see
Section II). This dual format will provide maximum flexibility to users and
allow timely revision of existing text or the inclusion of supplemental
material as appropriate. The primary function of the guide is to direct the
user toward references and technical support for detailed information on
program requirements, technical methods, data requirements, and technologies.
The guide is divided into five sections: (I) Topical Guidance
Directory, (II) Technical Support Systems and Data Bases, (III) Annotated
Bibliography, (IV) Compendium of Courses, Symposia, Workshops and Conferences,
and (V) Technical Assistance Directory.
Section I, the Topical Guidance Directory, is subdivided into Overview;
Preliminary Site Assessment; Characterization of Contaminant Source (s) and
Environmental Setting; Assessment of Contaminant Fate and Transport;
Selection, Design and Implementation of Remedial Technologies; and Performance
Evaluation of Remedial Technologies. Brief discussions precede each
alphabetized list of technical documents to help explain how each of the above
topics fits into the overall, iterative process of collecting and evaluating
site information. Since many reports appear under more than one topic, only
the titles and reference information are shown. Brief descriptions of each
document appear individually in Section III, the Annotated Bibliography.
Section II is an inventory of commercial data bases, EPA data bases,
federal (non-EPA) data bases, and a variety of technical support systems that
may aid in the assessment and remediation of specific sites or assist managers
in long-range planning of environmental programs. Brief descriptions and
access information are included for each of the entries.
Section III is an annotated bibliography of guidance documents and
references listed under Section I, and like Section I, is alphabetized by
title. Brief summaries of each document are provided to assist the user in
selecting the appropriate technical report.
VI
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Section IV is a compendium of existing courses, symposia, conferences,
and workshops. Each entry includes the title, contact, availability, and
description.
Section V is a technical assistance directory of EPA program, regional,
and research staff that may be contacted to answer specific questions
regarding the assessment and remediation of contaminated sites. The directory
includes the individual's name, organization within EPA, area of expertise,
mailing address, and phone number. The directory is intended to foster
communication among scientists and engineers within EPA, other Federal
agencies, industry, and state and local governments.
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SECTION I
TOPICAL GUIDANCE DIRECTORY
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OVERVIEW
The assessment and remediation of a contaminated site involves an
iterative procedure of data collection and analysis until the investigator has
defined and characterized the contamination problem to the extent that a
solution can be implemented under prevailing constraints. The effectiveness
of selected remedial measures is largely dependent on the quality of site
characterization and problem definition. In support of these activities, this
topical guidance directory has been developed to help investigators find
reports that relate to the following phases of site assessment and
remediation:
o Preliminary Site Assessment,
o Characterization of Contaminant Source(s) and Environmental Setting,
o Assessment of Contaminant Fate and Transport,
o Selection, Design, and Implementation of Remedial Technologies, and
o Performance Evaluation of Remedial Technologies.
Guidance documents and references are listed alphabetically by title
under one or more of the above topics as appropriate. Brief descriptions of
each document appear individually in Section III, the Annotated Bibliography.
General references and introductory material are provided below.
Basic Ground-Water Hydrology, R.C. Heath, U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 2220.
Data Quality Objectives: Development Guidance for Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Site Remedial Response Activities, EPA/OERR/HSCD, October 1986, OSWER
Directive 9355.0-07A.
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, EPA/OERR,
March 1987, OSWER Directive No. 9355.007B.
Field Standard Operating Procedures (FSOP), EPA/OSW, 1985, OSWER Directive No.
9285.2-01.
Guidance Manual for Research, Development, and Demonstration Permits, EPA/OSW,
July 1986, EPA-530/SW-86/008.
Handbook: Ground Water, Final, EPA/ORD, March 1987, EPA/625/6-87/016.
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Ground-Water Contamination, EPA/ORD,
September 1985, EPA/625/4-85/016.
Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting Sampling and Sample Bank Audits,
EPA/EMSL, January 1985, PB85-143279.
PRELIMINARY SITE ASSESSMENT
The preliminary assessment of a site provides an early estimation of the
nature and extent of contamination. The surface configuration of potential
contaminant sources both on and off site may impact assessment and remediation
by contributing to the complexity of contamination. Well-developed maps
showing the number, spacing, and relative positions of contaminant sources are
essential to the planning and implementation of assessment and remediation
activities. This information, together with existing data on the
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environmental setting and land use, help direct subsequent, more detailed
field studies. Preliminary assessment activities and tools may include map
and field inspections, remote sensing, surface geophysical methods, and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Important reports for conducting
preliminary assessments are listed below.
Rapid Assessment of Potential Ground-Water Contamination Under Emergency
Response Conditions, EPA/600/8-83/030, November 1983, CERI.
RCRA Facility Assessment Guidance, Final, OSW, October 1986, PB87-107769.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTAMINANT SOURCE(S) AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Once the preliminary assessment is completed, more detailed information
is obtained regarding the nature and extent of potential contaminant sources,
contaminant pathways, and human and environmental impacts. A conceptual model
of the site, based on the initial assessment, is often used to direct field
technologies and methods used in describing the types and amounts of
contaminants present, the characteristics of affected environmental media
(i.e., ground water, soil, surface water, and air), and when and how much
contamination may reach the accessible biosphere. Common activities include
direct and indirect measurement of physical, chemical, and biological fate and
transport properties, waste or product characterization, and evaluation of
containment systems if present. These and other technical activities are
discussed in the documents listed below.
Characterization of Hazardous Waste SitesA Methods Manual, EPA/EMSL, April
1985.
Guidance on Remedial Investigations Under CERCLA, EPA/OWPE, June 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9355.0-06B.
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance, Draft, OSW, July 1987, OSWER
Directive No. 9502.00-6C, EPA 530/SW-87-001.
Survey of Mobile Laboratory Capabilities and Configurations, EPA/EMSL, 1984,
EPA-600/X-84-170.
Toxicology Handbook: Principles Related to Hazardous .Waste Site
Investigations, EPA/OWPE, August 1985.
"Underground Storage Tank Monitoring: Observation Well Based Systems," R.A.
Scheinfeld, J.B. Robertson, and T.G. Schwendeman, Ground Water Monitoring
Review, 6(4):49-55, Fall 1986.
Characterization of Contaminant Source(s)
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundment Technology Case Studies and
Perspectives of Experts: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117059.
Assessment of Synthetic Membrane Successes and Failures at Waste Storage and
Disposal Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1985.
Assessment of Techniques for "In Situ" Repair of Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191813.
Avoiding Failure of Leachate Collection Systems at Hazardous Waste Landfills,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-235100.
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Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Cover Systems for Hazardous Waste:
An Engineering Guidance Document, EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191656.
Development of Chemical Compatibility Criteria for Assessing Flexible Membrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/067.
Effects of Organic Solvents on the Permeability of Clay Soils, EPA/ORD, March
1983, PB83-179978.
Electrical Resistivity Technique to Assess the Integrity of Geomembrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-122414.
Evaluating Cover Systems for Solid and Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD/MERL,
September 1980, SW-867.
Evaluation of Geomembrane Seams Exposed to Selected Environmental Conditions,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166842.
Factors in Assessing the Compatibility of FMLs and Waste Liquids, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/017.
Field Studies of Geomembrane Installation Techniques, EPA/ORD, January 1984,
PB84-190586.
Field Studies of Liner Installation Methods At Landfills and Surface
Impoundments: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117067.
Geophysical Methods for Locating Abandoned Wells, EPA/EMSL, May 1984,
EPA/600/4-84-065.
Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried Wastes and Waste Migration,
EPA/EMSL, June 1984, EPAX 8706-0050.
Geosynthetic Design Guidance for Hazardous Waste Landfill Cells and Surface
Impoundments, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/097.
Geotechnical Analysis for Review of Dike Stability (CARDS). Technical Manual,
EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-130951.
Innovative Means of Dealing with Potential Sources of Groundwater
Contamination: Proceedings of the National Groundwater Quality Symposium,
EPA/Ada, January 1984, PB85-196947.
Laboratory Studies of Soil Bedding Requirements for Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-141498.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual, EPA/ORD, April
1983, EPAX 8603-0188.
Leachate Characterization and Synthetic Leachate Formulation for Liner
Testing, EPA/ORD, January 1987, PB87-145983.
Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic Waste, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-176897.
Manual of Procedures and Criteria for Inspecting the Installation of Flexible
Membrane Liners in Hazardous Waste Facilities, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/8-87/056.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques to Detect Contained Subsurface
Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/078, PB88-185269.
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Performance of an Electrical Resistivity Technique for Detecting and Locating
Geomembrane Failures, EPA/ORD, May 1984, PB84-190594.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials (Technical Paper),
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166859.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/ORD, May 1985, PB85-231900.
Potential Clogging of Landfill Drainage Systems, EPA/ORD, October 1983, PB84-
110550.
Prediction/Mitigation of Subsidence Damage to Hazardous Waste Landfill Covers,
EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-175386.
Procedures for Modeling Flow Through Clay Liners to Determine Required Liner
Thickness, EPA/OSWER, January 1984, PB87-191029.
Settlement and Cover Subsidence of Hazardous Waste Landfills (Final Report),
EPA/ORD, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0117.
Soi2iner ModelDocumentation and User's Guide (Version 1) (Rept. for May 85-
May 96), EPA/ORD, April 86, PB87-100038.
Soiliner Version 1 (for Microcomputers;, EPA/ORD, July 1986, PB87-126033.
Technical Guidance Document: Construction Quality Assurance for Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal Facilities, EPA/OSWER, July 1986, Directive No. 9472.00-3.
Test Methods for Determining the Chemical Waste Compatibility of Synthetic
Liners, EPA/OSWER, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0116.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, Final,
OSWER, November 1986, SW-846, (EPA 8704-0107).
Underground Tank Leak Detection Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review,
EPA/600/2-86-001, PB86 137-155, January 1986.
Characterization of Environmental Setting
Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data, E.P. Kruseman and N.A. De
Ridder, Inter. Inst. Land Reclamation and Improvement, P.O. Box 6700AA,
Wageningen, Netherlands, 1983.
Borehole Sensing Methods for Ground-Water Investigations at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA, December 1986, PB87-132783.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix A, Technical Methods for Evaluating
Hydrogeology Parameters, EPA/OSW, July 1986.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix B. Ground-Water Flow Net/Flow Line
Construction and Analysis, July 1986, EPA/OSW.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix C, Technical Methods for Calculating
Time of Travel in the Unsaturated Zone, EPA/OSW, July 1986.
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Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix D, Development of Vulnerability
Criteria Based on Risk Assessments and Theoretical Modeling, EPA/OSW, July
1986.
DRASTIC: A Standardized System for Evaluating Ground Water Pollution
Potential Using Hydrogeologic Settings, National Water Well Association, May
1985.
Ground Water and Wells, E.E. Johnson, Ed., Johnson Division, UOP, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1982.
Ground-Water Hydraulics, S.W. Lohman, Geological Survey Professional Paper
708, 1972.
Groundwater, R.A. Freeze and J.A. Cherry, Prentica-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,
1979.
Guide to the Selection of Materials for Monitoring Nell Construction and
Ground-Water Sampling, M.J. Barcelona, J.P. Gibb, and R.A. Miller, Illinois
State Water Survey Contract Report 327, 1983.
Guidelines for Ground-Water Classification Under the EPA Ground-Water
Protection Strategy, EPA/OW/OGWP, December 1986.
Handbook of Applied Hydrology: A Compendium of Water Resources Technology,
V.T. Chow, Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1964.
Methods for Determining Permeability, rransmissibility, and Drawdown, R.
Bentall, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536-1, 1963.
"Microbiology of Potable Water and Groundwater," D.J. Reasoner, J. Water
Pollution Control Fed. 55 (6):891-895, 1983.
Microwave System for Locating Faults in Hazardous Materials Dikes: Final
Report, EPA/ORD, January 1985, PB85-173821.
Practical Guide for Ground Water Sampling, EPA/Ada, September 1985, EPAX 8706-
0004.
Practical Hydraulics, A.L. Simon, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.
Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Techniques and Strategies, EPA/EMSL,
May 1983, PB83-206979.
RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document, Final,
OWPE, September 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9933.1.
Sediment Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide, EPA/EMSL, July 1985, EPAX
8706-0003.
Shortcuts and Special Problems in Aquifer Tests, R. Bentall, Ed., Geological
Survey Water-Supply Paper 1545-C, 1963.
Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide, EPA/EMSL, May 1984, EPAX 8706-
0055.
Specific YieldCompilation of Specific Yields for Various Materials, A.I.
Johnson, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1662-D, 1967.
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"The Effect of Sampling Frequency on Ground Water Quality Characterization,"
R. Rajagopal, Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):65-73, Fall 1986.
"The Use of Industrial Hygiene Samplers for Soil-Gas Surveying," H.B. Kerfoot
and C.L. Mayer, Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):74-78, Fall 1986.
Theory of Aquifer Tests, J.G. Ferris, D.B. Knowles, R.H. Brown, and R.W.
Stallman, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536-E, 1962.
Water Well Technology, M.D. Campbell and J.H. Lehr, National Water Well
Association, 1982.
ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT
At this stage, detailed data on potential pathways in ground water,
soil, surface water, and air and the contaminant source(s) characteristics,
such as the types of wastes or products managed over time, the mobility and
toxicity of contaminants, and the degree of containment, are synthesized to
help assess the spatial and temporal distribution of contamination relative to
potential human and environmental receptors. Models are often used to
facilitate these analyses. Based on the assessment of potential harm to the
biosphere and the difficulty and expense of remediation, the scope of
remediation, if any, is determined. The documents listed below provide
technical support for analyzing contaminant fate and transport.
Alternative Concentration Limit Guidance, EPA/OSW, December 1986.
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance Based on 264.94 (B) Criteria - Part II
Case Studies, EPA/OSW, May 1988, PB88-214267.
Ambient Air/Source Transport and Transformation Relationships for Selected
Hazardous Air Pollutants, EPA/RTP, November 1986, PB87-129730.
Application of Chemical Fractionation Bioassy Procedure to Hazardous
Waste/Aquatic Site Monitoring, EPA/EMSL, September 1985, PB86-109493.
"Bacteriological Criteria for Ground Water Quality," M.J. Allen and E.E.
Geldreich. Ground Water, 13(l):45-52, Jan.-Feb. 1975.
Chemical, Physical and Biological Properties of Compounds Present at Hazardous
Waste Sites, EPA/OWPE, September 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9850.3.
Effect of Capillarity and Soil Structure on Flow in Low Permeability Saturated
Soils at Disposal Facilities, EPA/ORD, April 1987, PB87-180576.
Endangerment Assessment Handbook, Final, EPA/OWPE, November 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9850.1.
Enzyme-Based Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water, EPA/Edison, April
1985, PB85-191716.
"Evolving Concepts of Subsurface Contaminant Transport," J.F. Keely, M.D.
Piwoni, and J.T. Wilson, J. Water Pollution Control Fed. 58 (5) :349-357, May
1986.
Feasibility of Using Fiber Optics for Monitoring Groundwater Contaminants,
EPA/EMSL, January 1984, PB84-201607.
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Fugitive Particulate Emissions from Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-
87/066.
Graphite Electrode for the Measurement of Redox Potential and Oxygen Diffusion
Rate in Soil, EPA/Ada, January 1985, PB85-236248.
Groundvater Management: The Use of Numerical Models (Second Edition), P. van
der Heijde, Y. Bachmat, J. Bredehoeft, B. Andrews, D. Holtz, and S. Sebastian,
Amer. Geophysical Union, Water Resources Monograph 5, 1985.
Ground Water Modeling Newsletter, International Ground Water Modeling Center,
Holcomb Research Institute, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Avenue,
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46208.
Groundwater Transport: Handbook of Mathematical Models, I. Javendel, C.
Doughty, and C.F. Tsang, Amer. Geophysical Union, Water Resources Monograph
10, 1984.
Health Effects Assessment Documents, (58 chemical profiles), EPA/ORD,
September 1984, EPA-540/1-86-001 through 058.
"Health Risk Comparison Between Groundwater Transport Models and Field Data,"
Environmental Progress, 5(1):66-70, February 1986.
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) Model, EPA/ORD, June
1984, PB85-100840.
Impact of High Chemical Contaminant Concentrations on Terrestrial and Aquatic
Ecosystems: A State-of-the-Art Review: Final Report, EPA/Athens, July 1984,
PB84-220292.
Integrated Risk Information System, EPA/ORD, March 1987, EPA/600/8-86/032A.
Leaching Evaluation of Agricultural Chemicals (LEACH) Handbook, EPA/600/3-84/
068, PB84 236-413, June 1984, CERI.
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/4-79-020.
MEXAMSThe Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System, EPA/600/3-84/031, PB84
157-155, February 1984.
MINTEQA Computer Program for Calculating Aqueous Geochemical Equilibria,
EPA/600/3-84/032, PB84 157-148, February 1984.
Mobility of Organic Compounds from Hazardous Wastes, EPA/EMSL, February 1983,
PB83-163956.
Mobility of Toxic Compounds from Hazardous Wastes, EPA/EMSL, July 1984, PB85-
117034.
Model Based Methodology for Remedial Action Assessment at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-128990.
Modeling Remedial Actions At Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD/Athens, January 1985, EPAX 8603-0202.
Modified NRC Version of the USGS Solute Transport Model. Volume 1:
Modifications, EPA/OSWER, September 1986, PB87-103099.
Modified NRC Version of the USGS Solute Transport Model. Volume II:
Interactive Preprocessor Program, EPA/ORD, July 1986, PB87-103107.
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RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document, Final,
OWPE, September 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9933.1.
Review and Evaluation of the Influence of Chemicals on the Conductivity of
Soil Clays, EPA/ORD, EPA 600/2-88/016.
Sampling Approaches for Measuring Emission Rates from Hazardous Waste Disposal
Facilities, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-194083.
SARAH: A Surface Water Assessment Model for Back Calculating Reductions in
Abiotic Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD/Athens, December 1986, EPAX 8705-0106.
Sesoil: A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model, EPA/OSWER, May 1984, PB86-112406.
Sesoil: Execution Using the Data Management Supporting System, Sesin and
Sesoilfm. User's Guide, EPA/OSWER, December 1984, PB86-112414.
Soil, Clay, and Caustic Soda Effects on Solubility, Sorption, and Mobility of
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-116060.
Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide, EPA/EMSL, May 1984, EPAX 8706-
0055.
Solubility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin) in Contaminated
Soils, EPA/OSWER, January 1986, PB87-115796.
Sorption of Organic Contaminants to a Low Carbon Subsurface Core, EPA/Ada,
January 1985, PB86-117470.
"Sorption of Organics by Monitoring Well Construction Materials," A.L. Sykes,
R.N. McAllister, and J.B. Homolya. Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):44-
47, Fall 1986.
Superr"und Exposure Assessment Manual, Draft, EPA/OERROSWER Directive
No. 9285.5- 01.
Superfund Risfc Assessment Information Directory, EPA/OERR, November 1986,
OSWER Directive 9285.6-1.
User's Manual for the Pesticide Zone Model PRZM, EPA/600/3-84/109 December
1984, EPA/CERI.
User's Guide for Wastox, A Framework for Modeling the Fate of Toxic Chemicals
in Aquatic Environments. Part 1: Exposure Concentration, EPA/ORD/Gulf
Breeze, August 1984, EPAX 8607-0087.
SELECTION, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Based on an understanding of the contamination problem and prevailing
constraints at the site, the investigator may select remedial technologies to
mitigate or remove potential harm to humans or the environment. If previous
investigations are properly planned, much of the data on the contaminant
source(s) and affected environmental media will largely support remedial
decisions. However, there may be additional types of data that are important
to remedy selection, design, and implementation, that may not be required to
assess contaminant fate and transport. The following reports contain
technical guidance for selecting, designing, and implementing remedial
technologies.
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Bromlnation Process for Disposal of Spilled Hazardous Materials, EPA/ORD,
September 1983, PB83-263806.
Case Studies 1-23: Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD,
January 1984.
Case Studies Addendum: 1-8 Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD, EPA/540/2-88/001.
Catalytic Dehydrohalogenation: A Chemical Destruction Method for Halogenated
Organics, EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-133104.
Cementing Reactions in the Hazardous Waste Environment, EPA/ORD, January 1984,
PB84-151299.
Combustion Technologies for Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, March 1987, PBS 7-
167086.
Compendium of Technologies Used in the Treatment of Hazardous Wastes,
EPA/ORD/CERI, September 1987, EPA/625/8-87/014.
Corrective Action Plan, EPA/OWPE, November 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9902.3.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground Water From Solid Waste Management
Units, EPA/OSW, Draft Final, PB 88-185251.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil from Solid Waste Management Units,
EPA/OSW, August 1985, PB88-185277
Corrective Measures for Releases to Surface Water, EPA/OSW, Draft Final, PB88-
185251.
Covers for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1985.
Decontamination Techniques for Mobile Response Equipment Used at Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD/HWERL, January 1986, EPA-600/2-85-105.
Disposal Methods: Landfills, Geologic Formations, Chemical Stabilization and
Chemical Treatment, EPA/ORD, August 1986, PB86-231214.
Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, August 1985,
EPA/600/S2-86/013.
Dust Control at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, November 1985, EPAX 8603-0214.
Field Studies of In Situ Soil Washing, EPA/ORD, EPA/600-287/110.
Final Waste Soil Treatment Study: Celtor Chemical Works Site, Hoopa,
California, EPA/OSWER, September 1986, EPAX 8710-0044.
Floating Cover Systems for Waste Lagoons: Potential Application at Old Inger
Site, Louisiana. EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB85-124667.
Geotextiles for Drainage, Gas Venting, and Erosion Control at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, September 1986, EPAX 8612-0024.
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Impoundment Sites, Final, OERR,
June 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9380-0.06.
1-10
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites, Final, OERR,
May 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-03.
Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA, EPA/OWPE, June 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9355.0-5C.
Guidance on .Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites,
EPA/OERR, October 1986, EPA/68-03-3113.
Guide for Decontaminating Buildings, Structures, and Equipment at Superfund
Sites, EPA/ORD/HWERL, March 1985, EPA-600/2-85-028.
Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action Technology Plans, EPA/ORD/MERL,
August 1983, EPAX 8706-0052.
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD/HWERL,
June 1986.
Handbook on Treatment of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/ORD, February 1987,
PB87-152328.
Handbook, Remedial Action at Hazardous Disposal Sites, EPA/OERR, October 1985,
OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-04.
Handbook: Responding to Discharges of Sinking Hazardous Substances,
EPA/ORD/HWERL, September 1987, EPA/540/2-87/001.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology, EPA/ORD, January 1986, PB86-145539.
Improved Techniques for Removal of Sediments Contaminated With Hazardous
Materials, EPA/ORD, October 1984, PB85-116093.
"In-Situ Biorestoration as a Ground Water Remediation Technique," J.T.
Wilson, L.E. Leach, M. Henson, and J.N. Jones, Ground Water Monitoring
Review, 6 (4):56-64, Fall 1986.
In Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills,
EPA/ORD, October 1985, PB86-121365.
In Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills,
Final, EPA/ORD, October 1985, EPA/600/2-85-124.
In Situ Restoration Technique for Aquifers Contaminated With Hazardous Wastes,
EPA/Ada, January 1987, PB87-198396.
Leachate Plume Management, Final, November 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-
05.
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/OSWER, September 1982, EPAX 8706-
0051.
Methods/Materials Matrix of Ultimate Disposal Techniques for Spilled Hazardous
Materials, EPA/ORD, October 1984, PB85-116853.
Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes, Final, September 1986,
EPA/540/2-86/003 (f) .
Model Based Methodology for Remedial Action Assessment at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-128990.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Perspectives on Solidification/Stabilization Technology for Treating Hazardous
Waste, EPA/OSWER, January 1987, PB87-146346.
Reclamation and Redevelopment of Contaminated Land: Volume I, U.S. Case
Studies, EPA/ORD/HWERL, August 1986, EPA/600/2-86/066.
Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/OSWER, October 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9380.0-04
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils:
Volume 1Technical Evaluation, EPA/ORD/HWERL, July 1984.
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils:
Volume 2Background Information for In-Situ Treatment, EPA/ORD/HWERL,
July 1984.
Review of Treatment Technologies for Dioxin Wastes, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-174959.
Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution Migration Control, Final,
February 1984, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-02.
Summary Report: Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD/MERL,
March 1984, EPA/S40/2-84, EPA/540/2-84-002a.
Superfund Treatment Technologies: A Vendor Inventory, EPA/OSWER, September
1986, EPAX 8703-0116.
Systems to Accelerate Xn-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits, EPA/ORD, HWERL,
September 1986.
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures: Determining Appropriate
Technology and Response for Air Releases, EPA/OSW, March 1985, PB88-185269.
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures: Subsurface Gas, EPA/OSWER/OERR,
March 28, 1985, PB88-185285.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Technologies for Dioxin-Containing
Wastes, EPA/OSWER, October 1986, EPAX 8706-0020.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Technologies for Solvents Containing
Wastes, EPA/ORD, October 1986, EPAX 8706-0022.
Techniques for Treating Hazardous Wastes to Remova Volatile Organic
Constituents, EPA/ORD, January 1985, PB85-218782.
Technological Approaches to the Cleanup of Radiologically Contaminated
Superfund Sites, EPAIORD, EPA/540/2-88/002.
Technologies for In-Situ Treatment of Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD, January 1987,
PB87-146007.
"The Occurrence and Reduction of Sodium in Drinking Water," R.P. Lauch and
R.J. Sorg. J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 73 (5) :256-265, 1981.
Treatment Technology Briefs: Alternatives to Hazardous Waste Landfills,
EPA/ORD/HERL, July 1986.
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous Surfactants, EPA/600/2-85,129/
PB86 122-561, November 1985.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, EPA/600/8-83/019,
PB83 239-434, May 1983.
"Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
for Inorganics, (Part 1, Nitrate and Fluoride)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr.
Wrks. Assoc. 70(2):105-112, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 2, Arsenic and Selenium)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer, Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc. 70(7):379-393, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 3, Cadmium, Lead, and Silver)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr.
Wrks. Assoc. 70(12) : 680-691, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 4, Chromium and Mercury)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc. 71(8):454-466, 1979.
Underground Storage Tank Corrective Action Technologies, EPA/OSWER, January
1987, EPA/625/6-87/015.
Selection of Remedial Technologies
Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous Wastes, ORD/HWERL, January 1984.
Data Requirements for Selecting Remedial Action Technology, EPA/HWERL,
January 1987, EPA/600/2-87/001.
Oata Requirements for Selecting Remedial Action Technology, EPA/ORD, January
1987.
Guidance on Differentiating Alternative Technologies, EPA/OSWER/ERD, OSWER
Directive No. 9380.2-05.
Selection Guide for Volatilization Technologies for Water Treatment, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/014.
Design and Implementation of Remedial Technologies
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundment Technology Case Studies and
Perspectives of Experts: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117059.
Bloc* Displacement Method Field Demonstration and Specifications, EPA/ORD,
March 1987, PB87-170338.
Capture-and-Containment Systems for Hazardous Material Spills on Land,
EPA/ORD, April 1984, PB84-186089.
Decontamination of Hazardous Waste Substances From Spills and Uncontrolled
Waste Sites by Radio Frequency In Situ Heating, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-
167642.
Description and Operation of a Thermal Decomposition Unit-Gas Chromatographic
System, EPA/ORD, September 1984, PB84-246362.
Design and Construction of a Mobile Activated'Carbon Regenerator System,
EPA/600/2-86/015, PB86 156-486, January 1986.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Clay Liners for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/OSWER, March 1986, PB 86-184496.
Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Cover Systems for Hazardous Waste:
An Engineering Guidance Document, EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191656.
Field Studies of Geomembrane Installation Techniques, EPA/ORD, January 1984,
PB84-190586.
Field Studies of Liner Installation Methods At Landfills and Surface
Impoundments: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117067.
Genetic Engineering and the Development of New Pollution Control Technologies,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-148972.
Geosynthetic Design Guidance for Hazardous Waste Landfill Cells and Surface
Impoundments, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/097.
Geotechnical Analysis for Review of Dike Stability (CARDS). Technical Manual,
EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-130951.
Laboratory Studies of Soil Bedding Requirements for Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-141498.
Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes: Controlling Vapor Movement in
Soil, EPA/ORD, August 1980, EPAX 8603-0004.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual, EPA/ORD, April
1983, EPAX 8603-0188.
Leachate Characterization and Synthetic Leachate Formulation for Liner
Testing, EPA/ORD, January 1987, PB87-145983.
Manual of Procedures and Criteria for Inspecting the Installation of Flexible
Membrane Liners in Hazardous Waste Facilities, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/8-87/056.
RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures, Interim Final, OWPE/OSW, June 1988,
OSWER Directive No. 9902.4.
Reactivity of Various Grouts to Hazardous Wastes and Leachates, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/021.
Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies,
EPA/600/2-81/137, PB81 230-922, July 1981.
Settlement and Cover Subsidence of Hazardous Wasta Landfills (Final Report),
EPA/ORD, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0117.
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial Action Guidance, Final, OERR,
February 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9355.0-04A.
Surface Sealing to Minimize Leachate Generation at Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1981, EPAX 8606-0027.
Technical Guidance Document: Construction Quality .Assurance for Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal Facilities, EPA/OSWER, July 1986, Directive No. 9472.00-3.
Test Methods for Determining the Chemical Waste Compatibility of Synthetic
Liners, EPA/OSWER, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0116.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Test Methods for Injectable Barriers, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-183631.
Water Well Technology, M.D. Campbell and J.H. Lehr, National Water Well
Association, 1982.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Finally, the effectiveness of the selected remedial technologies in
meeting the anticipated objectives must be evaluated. Technical guidance for
evaluating the success of remedy selections are covered in the following
reports.
Analysis of Modified Wet-Air Oxidation for Soil Detoxification, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-87/079.
Application of Adsorptive Resins and Membranes for Toxic and Hazardous Waste
Reduction, EPA/ORD, August 1985, PB85-241776.
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous
Wastes, EPA, January 1985.
Assessment of Synthetic Membrane Successes and Failures at Waste Storage and
Disposal Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1985.
Assessment of Techniques for "In Situ" Repair of Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191813.
Avoiding Failure of Leachate Collection Systems at Hazardous Waste Landfills,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-235100.
Biological Treatment of Aqueous Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, June 1987, PB87-
198321.
Biological Treatment of Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, June 1987, PB87-198313.
Block Displacement Method Field Demonstration and Specifications, EPA/ORD,
March 1987, PB87-170338.
Construction Quality Control and Post-Construction Performance Verification
for the Gilson Road Hazardous Waste Site Cutoff Wall, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-
87/065.
Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Clay Liners for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/OSWER, March 1986, PB 86-184496.
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Oxidation, EPA/OSWER,
September 1986, PB 87-101234.
Destruction of Dioxin-Contaminated Solids and Liquids by Mobile Incineration,
EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-188512.
Destruction of PCB-Contaminated Soils With A High Temperature Fluid-Wall
(HTFW) Reactor, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-168798.
Development of Chemical Countermeasures for Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soil,
EPA/Edison, January 1984, PB84-148840.
Development of Chemical Compatibility Criteria for Assessing Flexible Membrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/067.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Dewateringr of Dilute Aqueous Hazardous Waste Using Reversible Gel Absorption,
EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-168761.
Effects of Organic Solvents on the Permeability of Clay Soils, EPA/ORD, March
1983, PB83-179978.
Electrical Resistivity Technique to Assess the Integrity of Geomembrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-122414.
Evaluating Cover Systems for Solid and Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD/MERL,
September 1980, SW-867.
Evaluation of Geomembrane Seams Exposed to Selected Environmental Conditions,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166842.
Factors in Assessing the Compatibility of FMLs and Waste Liquids, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/017.
Feasibility of Commercialized Water Treatment Techniques for Concentrated
Waste Spills, EPA/600/2-81/213, PB82 108-440, September 1981.
Feasibility of In Situ Solidification/Stabilization of Landfilled Hazardous
Wastes, EPA/ORD, September 1983, PB83-261099.
Field Studies of In Situ Soil Washing, EPA/ORD, EPA/600-287/110.
Floating Cover Systems for Waste Lagoons: Potential Application at Old Inger
Site, Louisiana. EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB85-124667.
Geotechnical Analysis for Review of DiJte Stability (CARDS) . Technical Manual,
EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-130951.
Graphite Electrode for the Measurement of Redox Potential and Oxygen Diffusion
Rate in Soil, EPA/Ada, January 1985, PB85-236248.
Handbook on Treatment of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/ORD, February 1987,
PB87-152328.
Hazardous Waste Destruction, EPA/ORD, January 1986, PB86-224540.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology, EPA/ORD, January 1986, PB86-145539.
Interim Report on the Feasibility of Using UV (Ultraviolet) Photolysis and
APEG (Alkali Polyethylene Glycolate) Reagent for Treatment of Dioxin, EPA/ORD,
July 1985, PB85-232619.
Laboratory Studies of Soil Bedding Requirements for Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-141498.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual, EPA/ORD, April
1983, EPAX 8603-0188.
Leachate Characterization and Synthetic Leachate Formulation for Liner
Testing, EPA/ORD, January 1987, PB87-145983.
Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic Waste, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-176897.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Microbial Degradation of Selected Hazardous Materials: Pentachlorophenol,
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and Methyl Parathion, EPA/ORD, November 1983, PB84-
123934.
Mobile System for Extracting Spilled Hazardous Materials from Excavated Soils:
Final Report, EPA/ORD, October 1983, PB84-123637.
Model Baaed Methodology for Remedial Action Assessment at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-128990.
Molten Salt Destruction of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) and Chlordane: Bench and
Pilot Scale Tests, EPA/ORD, September 1984, PB84-246354.
Performance of an Electrical Resistivity Technique for Detecting and Locating
Geomembrane Failures, EPA/ORD, May 1984, PB84-190594.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials (Technical Paper),
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166859.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/ORD, May 1985, PB85-231900.
Potential Clogging of Landfill Drainage Systems, EPA/ORD, October 1983, PB84-
110550.
Practical Guide for Ground Water Sampling, EPA/Ada, September 1985, EPAX 8706-
0004.
Prediction/Mitigation of Subsidence Damage to Hazardous Waste Landfill Covers,
EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-175386.
Procedures for Modeling Flow Through Clay Liners to Determine Required Liner
Thickness, EPA/OSWER, January 1984, PB87-191029.
Project Summary: Destruction of Dioxin-Contaminated Solids and Liquids By
Mobile Incineration, EPA/OSWER, June 1987, EPAX 8605-0010.
Reactivity of Various Grouts to Hazardous Wastes and Leachates, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/021.
.Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies,
EPA/600/2-81/137, PB81 230-922, July 1981.
"Removal of Radium-226 from Drinking Water by Reverse Osmosis in Sarasota
Florida," T.J. Sorg, R.W. Forbes, and D.S. Chamber, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc.
72(4):230-237, 1980.
Report on Decontamination of PCB-Bearing Wastes, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/093.
Review of Treatment Technologies for Dioxin Wastes, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-174959.
Separation of Dilute Hazardous Organics by Low Pressure Composite Membranes,
EPA/ORD, July 1987, PB87-214870.
Settlement and Cover Subsidence of Hazardous Waste Landfills (Final Report),
EPA/ORD, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0117.
Soiliner ModelDocumentation and User's Guide (Version 1) (Rept. for May 85-
May 86), EPA/ORD, April 86, PB87-100038.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Soiliner Version 1 (for Microcomputers), EPA/ORD, July 1986, PB87-126033.
Solidification and Thermal Degradation of TNT Waste Sludges Using Asphalt
Encapsulation, EPA/ORD, August 1986, PB86-2291SO.
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program, EPA/ORD, February 1988,
EPA.540/5-88/001.
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual, EPA/OERR, October 1986, OSWER
Directive No. 9285.4-01.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Technologies for Solvents Containing
Wastes, EPA/ORD, October 1986, EPAX 8706-0022.
Test Methods for Determining the Chemical Waste Compatibility of Synthetic
Liners, EPA/OSWER, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0116.
Test Methods for Injectable Barriers, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-183631.
"Treatment of Drinking Water Containing Trichloroethylene and Related
Industrial Solvents," O.T. Love, Jr., and R.G. Eilers, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc., 74(8):413-425, 1982.
"Treatment of Ground-Water with Granular Activated Carbon," P.R. Wood and
J.J. DeMarco, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 71(11):674-682, 1979.
Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, EPA/600/8-83/019,
PB83 239-434, May 1983.
"Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
for Inorganics, (Part 1, Nitrate and Fluoride), T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc. 70 (2) :105-112, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 2, Arsenic and Selenium)," T.J. Sorg and G.S. Logsdon, J".
Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 70(7):379-393, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 3, Cadmium, Lead, and Silver)," T.J. Sorg and G.S. Logsdon,
J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 70 (12) :680-691, 1978.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 4, Chromium and Mercury)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc. 71 (8) :454-466, 1979.
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SECTION II
TECHNICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND DATA BASES
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
This section provides descriptions of information sources that should be
of value to individuals involved with site assessment and remediation. This
initial inventory was prepared under the Superfund Technology Support Project
(TSP). The inventory is subdivided into Commercial Data Bases, EPA Data
Bases, Other Federal Agency Data Bases, Models/Applications Software, and
Technical Support/Reference Systems.
II-2
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
COMMERCIAL DATA BASES
Commercial data bases provide bibliographic references, directories,
statistical tables or complete text on a wide range of topics. Users are
charged according to the amount of time they spend on-line. Some companies
also charge a membership fee or monthly minimum. In order to access
commercial data bases, users must first sign a contract with the vendor who
will issue a password. Commercial data bases selected for their potential
applicability to information resource needs are described below. Current
prices at the time of the preparation of this report are listed.
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
DESCRIPTION:
ACCESS:
COST:
Dialog
Dialog Information Services; Inc.
1-800-3-DIALOG
The nearly 300 Dialog data bases provide general
information (in various formats, though mostly
bibliographic) concerning energy, environment and
agriculture; chemistry, technology, medicine and
biosciences; law and government; business and
industry; and social sciences. Some of the data bases
directly addressing EPA concerns contain information
on: toxic substances and their effects; chemical and
regulatory tracking; geological and petrological
research; environmental and biological research and
planning; and energy research, planning, policy, and
tracking.
Sign contract with Dialog Information Services, Inc.
Connect time averages $85 per hour with a $25
membership fee and no monthly minimum charge.
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
DESCRIPTION:
Chemical Information System (CIS)
Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
(301) 321-8440 or 1-800-CIS-USER
CIS offers a collection of over 30 data bases related
to chemistry. Potentially useful data bases are: CAS
On-line; the Chemical Hazard Response System
(information needed to deal with emergencies during
transport of chemicals); Aquatic Information Retrieval
(toxicity of tested chemicals on aquatic life); J.T.
Baker Company Material Safety Data Sheets (on 1,500
chemicals); Environmental Fate (information of the
transport and degradation of chemicals released in the
environment); Information System for Hazardous
Organics in Water (water-related properties of 5,000
chemicals); Oil and Hazardous Materials/Technical
Assistance Data System; Plant Toxicity Data; Toxic
II-3
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TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Substances Control Act Submissions; Hazardous
Chemicals Information and Disposal; and Federal
Register Search System.
Sign contract with CIS, Inc.
On-line charges run about $60 per hour with a $300
annual membership fee.
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Ground Water On-Line
National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH
(614) 761-1771
Janet Bix
Ground Water On-Line is a data base containing
bibliographic citations (with abstracts included for
recent entries) to the Center's collection of over
50,000 documents on ground water. As a member of the
On-Line Computer Library Center, an international
retrieval system, the Center can also search 150
additional data bases. Technical experts are
available to answer questions on request.
Accessible by modem from PC or by calling NWWA and
requesting they do the search.
Free to EPA staff if a search request is made through
the EPA Headquarters Library. For direct use, there
is a $36 annual membership fee and a $75 per hour on-
line charge.
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
LEXIS
Mead Data Corporation
(202) 785-3550
LEXIS is a full text legal data base containing
information from the Code of Federal Regulations,
Federal Register, federal and state cases,
administrative decisions, and other sources.
Sign a contract with Mead Data.
$125 monthly charge, connect fee of $32 per hour,
$4 to $32 per search depending on files searched.
and
II-4
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NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Environmental Technical Information System (ETIS)
University of Illinois, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning, Urbana, IL
(217) 333-1369
Suzanne Coleman
ETIS is a collection of computer-based systems
including: a hazardous materials management system; a
soil information data base; information on PCBs; a
system that helps predict the environmental impacts of
a proposed activity; and an information bank of
abstracted federal and state environmental regulations
and standards.
Fill out a subscription form from ETIS.
$200 one-time fee and $90 per hour connect time
charge.
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
BRS Search Service
BRS Information Technologies
1-800-468-0908
BRS offers a collection of data bases similar to that
of Dialog, though less comprehensive. Useful data
bases include: hazardous substances information;
abstracts of articles on pollution; Federal Register
abstracts; reports on environmental sciences,
engineering and technology; and a directory of
computerized data bases.
Sign contract with BRS.
Connect time averages $85 per hour and there is a $75
annual membership fee.
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May 1, 1989
EPA DATA BASES
Many EPA offices maintain data bases of information on environmental
research and technologies. Those most likely to be of direct interest to
assessment and remediation activities are listed below.
NAME: Superfund Records of Decision System (RODS)
OFFICE: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington,
DC
PHONE: (202) 475-9754 or FTS 475-9754
CONTACT: Caroline Roe
DESCRIPTION: RODS is an automated data base containing Superfund
Records of Decision (ROD), which describe the planned
course of action to clean up a site. The data base,
installed on a mainframe at EPA's National Computer
Center in Research Triangle Park, NC, allows searching
for selected information from ROD documents or NTIS
Abstracts.
TO ACCESS: Access via modem from PC. Register through the RODS
Hotline at (202) 252-0056.
COST: Free
NAME: Organics Treatability Database
OFFICE: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH
PHONE: (513) 569-7503 or FTS 684-7418
CONTACT: Ken Dostel
DESCRIPTION: The Organics Treatability Database contains
information about technologies for removing hazardous
substances from ground water, surface waters, and
water in or near Superfund sites. Users are referred
to basic references for additional information on
specific technology applications.
TO ACCESS: Available on diskette or for download to PC through
the OSWER Electronic Bulletin Board.
COST: Free
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NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Corrective Action Database
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC
(202) 382-2231 or FTS 382-2231
Jim Michael
The Corrective Action Database contains over 350
bibliographic references and abstracts concerning
corrective action case studies. A menu-driven keyword
search capability is based on: geology of the site,
hazardous waste type, technology, media, or location.
The data base is available for on-line searching
through the OSWER Electronic Bulletin Board.
Free
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
ORD Topical Directory
Office of Research and Development
(513) 569-7391 or FTS 684-7391
Bob Edgar
The on-line Directory lists the areas in which ORD has
technical expertise and gives the name and phone
number of a person active in each area. It can be
searched by topic, office, or name.
The Directory is available through the OSWER
Electronic Bulletin Board at (301) or (202) 589-8366.
Free
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
Computerized On-Line Information System (COLIS)
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL), Edison,
NJ
(201) 906-6871 or FTS 340-6871
Pacita Tabay
COLIS is a part of RREL's Technical Information
Exchange (TIX). The two COLIS data bases currently in
operation are listed below.
Case History File contains information on site
characteristics, response methods, costs, and
cleanup problems related to spills, waste sites,
and underground storage tank management; and
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Library Search System through which users can
view the card catalog of the TIX collection and
the EPA Headquarters Library Hazardous Waste
Collection.
Other data bases are planned for the near future:
Countermeasures Selection System (CSS), a
computerized version of the EPA's Manual of
Countermeasures for Hazardous Substance Release,
will enable users to quickly determine the
appropriate response techniques for a particular
problem.
SITE Performance/Cost Database will provide data
from field evaluations of mobile treatment
equipment.
Personnel Protection Performance File will aid
EPA and contractors in making decisions
regarding safety during Superfund cleanup
operations.
Environmental Technology and Engineering
Facility Data base will contain technical -data
from evaluations of treatment technologies at
the Environmental Technology and Engineering
Facility in Edison, NJ.
Stormwater Research Collection will contain EPA
reports and technical papers developed by the
Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow Program from
1967 to 1982.
TO ACCESS: COLIS is accessible by modem using most common
computers and CrossTalk communications software. The
phone number to dial into the system is (201) 548-
4636. Contact Ms. Tabay for details on communications
software parameter settings.
COST: Free
NAME: Hazardous Waste Collection Database (HWCD)
OFFICE: Office of Information Resources Management,
Information Services Branch, Washington, DC
PHONE: (202) 382-5922 or FTS 382-5922
CONTACT: Barbara Roth
DESCRIPTION: HWCD provides a bibliographic listing of the
Headquarters Library collection of EPA reports, policy
and guidance directives, legislation, regulations, and
commercial books dealing with hazardous wastes. The
data base gives a reference and an abstract for every
volume in the collection. The many topics include:
II-8
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TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
analysis, ecological and human health risks,
methodology, liability, emergency response, control
methods, information sources, and waste types. The
actual documents listed are available in EPA
Headquarters and Regional libraries, the National
Enforcement Investigations Center, and the EPA
laboratory libraries in Cincinnati, Edison, Research
Triangle Park, Ada, and Las Vegas. The Information
Services Branch has prepared an excellent user's guide
entitled Hazardous Waste Collection Database
Thesaurus.
The data base is offered on diskette or can be
accessed at EPA libraries. Quarterly updates are
available through the EPA Headquarters Library or can
be downloaded from the OSWER Electronic Bulletin
Board.
Free
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
STORE! Database
Office of Water, Washington, DC
(202) 382-7220 or FTS 382-7220 or 1-800-424-9067
Phillip Lindenstruth
STORET, located at EPA's National Computer Center in
Research Triangle Park, stores, retrieves, and
analyzes water quality information. STORET assists
state and EPA officials in making pollution control
decisions.
Contact the National Computer Center for account and
log-on procedures.
Contact RTP at 800-334-2405 for account information.
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
Solid Waste/Ground-Water Monitoring Database (SWAMP)
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las
Vegas, NV
(702) 798-2580 or FTS 545-2580
Steve Gardner
The SWAMP data base (formerly the Hazardous Waste Site
Data base) contains ground-water data collected from
monitoring stations nationwide. The results are
currently being organized by industry (e.g., wood
preservative producers, chrome plating) and will help
RPMs determine likely chemicals to look for in ground
water at Superfund sites.
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TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Staff at EMSL-LV will search the data base on request.
Free
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Aquatic Information Retrieval (ACQUIRE)
Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN
(218) 720-5548 or FTS 780-5584
Pat Toland
ACQUIRE contains data on toxicological effects of over
4,000 chemicals on aquatic life.
EPA personnel can access the data directly from their
PC after obtaining log-on information from Duluth.
Free to EPA
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Information System (CERCLIS)
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(202) 475-9336 or FTS 475-9336
Shirley Kheen
CERCLIS contains an inventory of potential hazardous
waste sites listing location, type of action, dates
and information on the stage of cleanup.
Obtain a password from Ms. Kheen and access from PC
via modem.
Free to EPA
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Office of Health Effects Assessment, Critique and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
(513) 569-7254 or FTS 684-7254
Karen Grissom
DESCRIPTION:
IRIS contains health risk data, bibliographic and
textual information on risk management, water quality
criteria, and drinking water standards.
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TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Available on-line through E-Mail
Free to offices already on the E-Mail system
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
Public Health Risk Evaluation Database (PBRED)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
(202) 382-2201 or FTS 382-2201
Bruce Means
Provides chemical, physical, and toxicological data
and standards useful to Superfund staff and
contractors involved in Superfund site risk
assessments. Intended to be used in conjunction with
the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual.
Available on diskette from OERR
NAME:
OFFICE:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Information Systems Inventory (ISI)
Office of Information Resources Management,
Information Management and Services Division,
Washington, DC
(202) 382-5235 or FTS 382-5235
Gordon Schisler
ISI contains brief descriptions of over 500 systems,
data bases, and models in use in various EPA offices.
Many of the systems are for administrative use, but
some provide useful data and technical information.
Each description is accompanied by the name and phone
number of a person to contact for more information
about a. system. Each system requires a particular
type of computer and software. Therefore, not.all
systems can be run on all equipment. The Inventory is
due for a thorough update in early 1989.
A copy of the Inventory is available on diskette from
the EPA Headquarters Library for use on IBM PCs and
compatible machines.
Free
NAME:
PROVIDER:
PHONE:
SARA 313 Roadmaps Database
Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, DC
(202) 382-3470 or FTS 382-3470
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
CONTACT: Jim Darr
DESCRIPTION: Roadmaps provides sources of information on the
chemicals listed in 313 of SARA and helps users
perform risk and exposure assessments of these
chemicals. It contains information on the health and
environmental effects of the chemicals, applicable
federal regulations/ and information on published air
and water standards.
TO ACCESS: Available on diskette for installation on IBM PCs or
compatible equipment from the TSCA Assistance Office
at (202) 554-1404 or through NTIS.
COST: Free to EPA
NAME: Geographic Information Systems (GZS)
PROVIDER: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
PHONE: (202) 382-7868 or FTS 382-7868
CONTACT: Joe Sierra
DESCRIPTION: A GIS is a set of computer programs used to input
(including digitize) and store geographically
referenced map data. This data may include soil
types, land cover, hydrogeology, topography, roads,
demography, surface hydrology, and contaminant
sources. The system can then be used to analyze and
model (manipulate, overlay, measure, compute, and
retrieve) the digital spatial data and display the new
map products and tabular resource information showing
the results of the spatial analysis.
ACCESS: Several projects are underway in the Regions and
States. Call the above contact for more information.
COST: Not available
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY DATA BASES
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
National Library of Medicine, Rockville, MD
1-800-638-8480 or (301) 496-6193
Service Desk Staff
HSDB is a text-format data base that deals primarily
with the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals
but also provides information on substance
identification; chemical and physical properties;
safety and handling; environmental fate and exposure
potential; exposure standards and regulations,
monitoring and analysis methods; and information on
special reports, other data bases, and prior history
of accidents involving specific compounds.
Fill out an application to obtain a password from NLM
and access from PC with modem.
HSDB on-line time averages $26 per hour.
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Toxicology Information Online (TOXLINE)
National Library of Medicine, Rockville, MD
1-800-638-8480 or (301) 496-6193
Service Desk Staff
TOXLINE is a collection of about 2,000,000
bibliographic references (most with abstracts) on
published human and animal toxicity studies, and
effects of environmental chemicals and pollutants.
Fill out an application to obtain a password from NLM
and access from PC with modem.
$24 per on-line hour
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
Justice Retrieval and Inquiry System (JURIS)
Department of Justice
(202) 633-4537
Donna Stolbaun
11-13
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DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
JURIS is a full text system containing information
from federal and state case materials; federal
statutes and regulatory materials; special litigation
support files; and other sources.
Complete a user contract and receive a user
identification number to access via PC.
$68 per hour connect time
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
Toxicology Information Response Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Library of
Medicine, Oak Ridge, TN
(615) 576-1743
Mary Francis
The Center provides toxicological information on
environmental pollutants, industrial chemicals, and
pesticides.
The Center's data bases are not accessed directly, but
one can telephone the center and request that the
staff perform a search on a topic of interest.
Free
National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA
(703) 648-6848
Don Dolnack
NAWDEX is a computerized data system that acts as a
clearinghouse for sources of water data. NAWDEX also
has access to actual data through STORET (an EPA data
base described above) and WATSTORE. WATSTORE contains
all types of water data from over 700,000 monitored
sites and includes site information, construction
history, and hydrogeologic data. The NAWDEX Program
Office and a national network of Assistance Centers
provide retrieval and user assistance to organizations
that either collect or seek water data.
Either through direct dial (after registering as a
user) or by telephoning the NAWDEX program office and
requesting a search.
Users are charged only for connect time with WATSTORE
or STORET, about $10 per hour.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST:
NEDRES Database
NOAA/NESDIS, Assessment and Information Services
Center, Washington, DC
(202) 673-5405
Jerry Barton or Betty Roberts
NEDRES offers general environmental data supplemented
by the name, address, and phone number of a contact
person for each subject searched. The system contains
descriptions of environmental data files, published
data sources, data file documentation references, and
organizations that make environmental data available.
Obtain a password from NOAA/NESDIS and access via PC
with modem.
A password to access the system costs $25 and connect
time runs $45 per hour.
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
COST :
Earth Science Data Directory
U.S. Geological Survey, Information Systems Division,
Washington, DC
(703) 648-7112 or FTS 959-7112
C.R. Baskin
The Directory is an on-line collection of 1,700
references to earth science and natural resource data
bases, systems, and products mainly from state agency
sources.
Access via modem from PC after registration with Mr.
Baskin.
Free
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
MODELS/APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE
Computer models and other applications software are available for
simulating and predicting the transport, environmental fate, and human health
risk of potentially hazardous substances released into the environment or for
estimating the cost of remedial actions.
Various ground-water transport, geophysical, water quality, and
toxicological models are maintained at the Office of Research and Development
at EPA in the Offices of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance,
Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration, Environmental
Processes and Effects Research, and Health and Environmental Assessment.
Specific descriptions of the various models can be found in the Information
System Inventory described earlier (see EPA DATA BASES). No attempt was made
to list all the individual models in existence, rather, sources for models and
information on their use are provided.
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
Cost of Remedial Action (CORA) Model
EPA, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC
(202) 382-4632 or FTS 382-4632
Kirby Biggs
The model estimates site-specific remedial actions
costs for Superfund sites. It can be used to scope
possible remedial actions and develop order-of-
magnitude cost estimates and is useful to agencies for
developing outyear remedial actions budget estimates.
Available to EPA and other agencies on request through
Mr. Biggs.
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM)
EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA
(404) 546-3134 or FTS 250-3134
Bob Ambrose
CEAM provides model maintenance and distribution
services, technical support, technical training, and
special site-specific demonstrations of available
models.
A CEAM electronic bulletin board has been established
(FTS 250-3402 or (404) 546-3402) to facilitate
technical information exchange.
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NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
TO ACCESS:
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations
(CAMEO)
NOAA, Hazardous Materials Response Branch, Seattle, WA
(206) 526-6317
Data Base Manager
CAMEO helps emergency planners safely handle chemical
accidents that occur on land. Release scenarios and
evacuation options can be evaluated by using built-in
air dispersion models and adding digitized maps of a
particular area in question.
Available on diskette through NOAA. A graphics
version is available for Macintosh computers and a
non-graphics version for IBM PCs and compatibles.
NAME:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
DESCRIPTION:
International Ground Nater Modeling Center
Holcomb Research Institute, Butler University,
Indianapolis, IN
(317) 283-9458
Margaret Butorac
IGWMC conducts research on and collects and
disseminates information about ground-water modeling
software. The Center compiles data bases of
descriptions of ground-water models, evaluates model
uses and needs, and offers short courses, workshops,
and seminars on the theory and application of ground-
water models. The Center has developed a standardized
checklist to match existing software to a user's
specific problem. The Center also monitors
developments in computer hardware, software for data
handling, and graphics.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
TECHNICAL SUPPORT/REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Listed below are offices, information centers, and laboratories that
have expertise in specific areas. Except where noted, these facilities
provide general assistance free of charge.
FACILITY:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
SERVICES:
TO ACCESS:
OSWER Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS)
EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Office of Program Management and Technology
(202) 382-4686 or FTS 382-4686
Jim Cummings
The OSWER BBS provides a forum for technical
interchange through messages, bulletins, data files,
and conferences (mini-bulletin boards for special
interest groups). Data bases available from the BBS
are: the Corrective Action Database; quarterly
updates to the Hazardous Waste Collection Database;
the Organics Treatability Database; and the ORD
Topical Directory. Other data bases, models, and
expert systems are available for downloading to the
user's PC.
Access via modem from PC by calling (202) 589-8366 or
(301) 589-8366 and completing an on-line registration
questionnaire. Available to EPA staff and current
contractors and state and federal agency personnel.
FACILITY:
ORGANIZATION:
PHONE:
CONTACT:
SERVICES:
TO ACCESS:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
(703) 487-4805
Customer Service Staff
NTIS provides access to the results of both U.S. and
foreign government-sponsored research and development
and engineering activities through the sale of
journals, bulletins, catalogs, and directories.
Contact the Customer Service Staff at the number
above.
FACILITY:
ORGANIZATION:
RCRA/CERCLA Hotline
EPA, Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
PHONE: 1-800-424-9346 or FTS 382-3000
CONTACT: Information Staff
SERVICES: Information Specialists provide answers to general
questions concerning EPA's RCRA and CERCLA programs
and refer callers to EPA offices for detailed or
technical information. The Hotline also provides
information on the availability of RCRA and CERCLA
documents.
TO ACCESS: Call the contact phone above between the hours of
8:30 am and 7:30 pm EST.
FACILITY: Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI)
ORGANIZATION: EPA, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH
PHONE: (513) 569-7391 OR FTS 684-7391
CONTACT: Fran Kremer
SERVICES: CERI develops publications, expert systems, and
computer-assisted training, and conducts training
seminars in support of EPA programs including
Superfund. Some CERI publications can be ordered on-
line through the OSWER Electronic Bulletin Board.
FACILITY: Hazardous Materials Technical Center (HMTC)
ORGANIZATION: Department of the Army, Rockville, MD
PHONE: (301) 468-6630
CONTACT: Rhonda Hearn
SERVICES: HMTC, serving the Department of the Army, responds to
technical inquiries on all aspects of hazardous
materials and waste management. The Center offers a
bibliographic search service using over 250 available
data bases and publishes a newsletter and quarterly
Abstract Bulletin to provide current information on
hazardous materials/wastes topics.
COST: There is a charge of $50 per inquiry and $95 per hour
connect time for bibliographic searches. There is
also a $25 per hour charge for research time
associated with all services.
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
FACILITY: Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)
ORGANIZATION: Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC
PHONE: (202) 887-1100
CONTACT: J.R. Chezem
SERVICES: CHEMTREC, a public service of the Chemical
Manufacturers Association (CMA), operates a 24-hour
hotline to respond to emergencies involving chemicals.
Callers are given immediate advice on how to cope with
release, fire, leaks, or exposure to the chemicals
involved. Through another CMA service, CHEMNET, a
chemical expert can quickly be dispatched to the scene
of a serious emergency to act as an advisor on safe
techniques for controlling the incident.
COST: Free
FACILITY: Hazardous Materials Information Exchange (HMIX)
ORGANIZATION: Department of Transportation, Chicago, IL
PHONE: 1-800-367-9592
CONTACT: Dee Seymore
SERVICES: HMIX is an information hotline and electronic bulletin
board that provides emergency personnel with
information on prevention, preparation, and mitigation
of hazardous materials emergencies. The board
includes listings of potentially useful on-line data
bases and toll free numbers of information sources.
DOT's Hazardous Materials Information System maintains
statistics on accidents and spills that have occurred
during the transport of hazardous materials.
TO ACCESS: The electronic bulletin board may be accessed via
modem from PC by dialing (312) 972-3275 or FTS 972-
3275. The staffed hotline number is listed above.
COST: Free to EPA
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
PUBLICATION: Catalog of Superfund Program Directives (OSWER
Directive 9200.7-01 - July 1988)
Provides a quick reference to the most current policy,
procedural, and technical directives governing the
Superfund program. Regular supplements are planned.
Publications abstracted must be obtained from the
issuing office. Copies of the Catalog may be obtained
from the Superfund Docket at (202)382-6940 or FTS 382-
6940.
PUBLICATION: Hazardous Haste Bibliography (EPA/540/1-87/001)
The bibliography lists EPA documents deemed by
Headquarters Program Offices to be the most useful
technical and procedural documents for those involved
in the clean-up of hazardous waste sites. The
documents deal with: Site Assessment; Fate and
Transport; Monitoring and Sampling; Source Control;
Ground-water Remediation; Risk Assessment; Personnel
Protection; Construction Techniques and Procedures;
Program Guidance; Case Studies; and Costs. Available
from CERI (513) 569-7391 or FTS 684-7391.
11-21
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SECTION III
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
-------
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
EPA documents are cited in the bibliography using both EPA document
number (e.g., EPA/600/8-86/004) and the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS) number (prefixed by a PB; e.g., PP 81-166-340). EPA documents may be
consulted in the EPA Headquarters or Regional libraries, though in some
Regional libraries it may be necessary to cross-reference documents from the
EPA or NTIS classification scheme (e.g., Library of Congress or EPAX). EPA
documents that are marked CERI are available from ORD Publications,
Cincinnatti, Ohio (FTS/684-7562, or 513-569-7562). The rest must be published
from NTIS at 5285 Port Royal, Springfield, Virginia, 22161 (FTS/703-487-4650).
Publications from the U.S. Geological Survey may be ordered by calling
FTS/703-648-6892. Handbooks or references from private publishing companies
must be ordered directly from these companies or obtained by loan from
libraries.
Alternative Concentration Limit Guidance Part I ACL Policy and Information
Requirements, EPA/OSW, July 1987, PB87-206165.
Provides guidance to RCRA permit applicants and writers concerning the
establishment of ACLS. ACLS are case-by-case health and environmental
based values, that when exceeded, require ground-water corrective a RCRA
disposal unit.
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance Based on 264.94(B) Criteria - Part II
Case Studies, EPA/OSW, May 1988, PB88-214267.
The case studies are a series of examples of the type of information
that would be appropriate for the development of ACLS.
Ambient Air/Source Transport and Transformation Relationships for Selected
Hazardous Air Pollutants, EPA/RTP, November 1986, PB87-129730.
Study goal was to obtain information that could improve modeling
technique for hazardous organic vapors in atmosphere. Detailed
examination of alternative choices for pollution emission site and
method of determination was made.
Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data, E.P. Kruseman and N.A. De
Ridder, Inter. Inst. Land Reclamation and Improvement, P.O. Box 6700AA,
Wageningen, Netherlands, 1983.
A guidebook for analyzing and evaluating data from pumping tests. The
methods presented are collected from the literature dealing with ground-
water flow towards discharging wells, with emphasis on when and how to
apply a certain method. Users of the book will need only an elementary
background of mathematics and physics.
Analysis of Modified Wet-Air Oxidation for Soil Detoxification, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-87/079.
The feasibility bof using wet-air oxidation is investigated in terms of
the effects of temperature, pressure and the presence or absence of soil
on the oxidation rate of three compounds: m-xylene,
tetrachloroethylene, and malathion. The research was conducted with a
1-L batch reactor at temperatures from 130 to 275 degrees C and
pressures from 703,000 to 1,750,000 kg/m2.
III-2
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
Application of Adsorptive Resins and Membranes .for Toxic and Hazardous Waste
Reduction, EPA/ORD, August 1985, PB85-241776.
Literature review of ion exchange/ reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and
capabilities of adsorptive and ion-exchange systems using resins.
Application of Chemical Fractionation Bioassy Procedure to Hazardous
Waste/Aquatic Site Monitoring, EPA/EMSL, September 1985, PB86-109493.
Reports on the chemical fractionation/aquatic bioassay test to identify
bioactive fractions of the original sample to assess the effects of the
component waste chemicals on the aquatic ecosystem.
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundment Technology Case Studies and
Perspectives of Experts: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117059.
Reviews and assesses design, construction, and operation of surface
impoundments in 9 facilities. Presents recommendations for research and
development.
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous
Wastes, EPA, January 1985.
Provides information for EPA decision-making on hazardous waste disposal
options by assessing use of incineration for treatment of liquid organic
wastes. Gives detailed comparison of land-based and ocean-based
incineration.
Assessment of Synthetic Membrane Successes and Failures at Waste Storage and
Disposal Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1985.
Describes factors that contributed to synthetic liner failure or success
in lined storage and disposal facilities.
Assessment of Techniques for "In Situ" Repair of Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191813.
Investigation indicated that there is no current technology that can be
used to repair leaks and other damage in flexible membrane liners (FMLS)
that are in service below wastes.
Avoiding Failure of Leachate Collection Systems at Hazardous Waste Landfills,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-235100.
Discusses failure mechanisms including sedimentation, biological,
chemical, or biochemical clogging, pipe deterioration and displacement,
and exceeding design capacity. Suggests regular inspection and system
maintenance to avoid failure.
"Bacteriological Criteria for Ground Water Quality," M.J. Allen and E.E.
Geldreich, Ground Water, 13(l):45-52, Jan.-Feb. 1975.
Article emphasizing the need for increased awareness and better
detection of bacterial pathogens in untreated or marginally treated
ground water used for human consumption. Well protection,
unsatisfactory well construction, and inadequate treatment are common
causes of poor ground-water quality.
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Basic Ground-Water Hydrology, R.C. Heath, U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 2220.
Common reference for introductory ground-water courses. Discusses the
basic elements of ground-water hydrology, arranged in order from the
most basic aspects through a discussion of the methods used to determine
the yield of aquifers to a discussion of common problems encountered in
the operation of ground-water supplies. Includes many illustrations and
definitions and some important equations.
Biological Treatment of Aqueous Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, June 1987, PB87-
198321.
Describes test to evaluate fate of aqueous organic hazardous waste
compounds in activated sludge process.
Biological Treatment of Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, June 1987, PB87-198313.
Study used rotating biological contractor (RBC) to evaluate treatability
of leachates from the Stringfellow and New Lyme hazardous waste sites.
BlocJt Displacement Method Field Demonstration and Specifications, EPA/ORD,
March 1987, PB87-170338.
Block displacement technique as remedial action for isolating large
tracts of ground contaminated with hazardous waste was demonstrated in
Florida. Demonstration included topographical survey and bottom barrier
assessment by core drilling.
Borehole Sensing Methods for Ground-Water Investigations at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA, December 1986, PB87-132783.
Use of boreholes for site characterization, detection and monitoring of
groundwater contamination. Advantages over surface methods, techniques,
problems.
Bromination Process for Disposal of Spilled Hazardous Materials, EPA/ORD,
September 1983, PB83-263806.
Report on process for oxidizing organic materials and wastes, including
refractories and pesticides.
Capture-and-Co/Jtai/J/nent Systems for Hazardous Material Spills on Land,
EPA/ORD, April 1984, PB84-186089.
Covers investigation of methods for sealing the surface of soils and
preventing percolation of spilled hazardous materials into the ground.
Case Studies 1-23: Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD,
January 1984.
Identifies and assesses site response activities at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. Nationwide survey identified remedial action
planned or ongoing at 395 sites. Includes case studies of 23 sites
where remedial response occurred.
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Case Studies Addendum: 1-8 Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD, EPA/540/2-88/001.
Provides additional case studies to supplement original publication.
Catalytic Dehydrohalogenation: A Chemical Destruction Method for Halogenated
Organics, EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-133104.
Potential of dehydrohalogenation in converting certain halogenated
organics into inorganic salts and gaseous aliphatic compounds.
Dehalogenation/elimination reaction initiated by strong base. Uses
sodium or potassium hydroxide/polyethylene glycol.
Cementing .Reactions in the Hazardous Waste Environment, EPA/ORD, January 1984,
PB84-151299.
Discusses use of chemical grout for bottom sealing of waste sites,
including discussion of interfering reactions from contaminated soil or
ground water.
Characterization of Hazardous Waste SitesA Methods Manual, EPA/EMSL, April
1985.
Provides field and laboratory managers, investigators, and technicians
with consolidated source of information on site characterization.
Covers steps from preliminary data gathering to sampling and analysis.
Chemical, Physical and Biological Properties of Compounds Present at Hazardous
Waste Sites, EPA/OWPE, September 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9850.3.
This document contains chemical profiles that are intended to serve as a
concise reference relating to physiochemical properties, fate and
transport, toxicity, and regulatory standards for individual chemicals
identified by EPA at hazardous waste sites.
Combustion Technologies for Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-
167086.
Describes basic incineration technology, technology for liquid
injection, rotary kiln, and at-sea incineration, industrial boiler and
cement kiln combustion, and universe of incinerated and incinerable
waste. Defines terminology and outlines states EPA regulations.
Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous Wastes, ORD/HWERL, January 1984.
Compatibility matrix of 12 grouts and 16 chemical classes, produced by
literature search, interview, and theoretical prediction; can be used to
select possible liner grouts for testing with specific landfill
contents.
Compendium of Technologies Used in the Treatment of Hazardous Wastes,
EPA/ORD/CERI, September 1987, EPA/625/8-87/014.
This document is intended to serve as an introduction to available
technologies which can be used in the treatment of hazardous wastes.
Each technology discussed includes a description of the basis of the
technology, and a brief discussion on the applicability, limitations,
and status of the technology. A non-exhaustive listing of sources of
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the technology (vendors, suppliers, or developers) are provided and when
appropriate, a process diagram for a typical application.
Construction Quality Control and Post-Construction Performance Verification
for the Gilson Road Hazardous Waste Site Cutoff Wall, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-
87/065.
Describes assessment activities undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of
a soil/bentonite backfilled cutoff wall (slurry trench) installed for
hazardous waste containment.
Corrective Action Plan, EPA/OWPE, November 1936, OSWER Directive No. 9902.3.
The purpose of the Corrective Action Plan is to and States and Regions
in determining and directing the specific work the owner/operator or
respondent must perform, as part of a complete corrective action
program.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground Water From Solid Waste Management
Units, EPA/OSW, Draft Final, PB 88-185251.
Uses technology assessments and case studies to evaluate the relative
success or failure of each technology for various hydrologic settings
and waste types. Describes the steps involved in assessing the need for
corrective measures at solid waste management units (SWMUs). Provides
an overview of corrective measures applicable to releases to ground
water at SWMUs.
Provides guidance to identify the need for corrective measures and to
identify the need for corrective measures and to identify mechanisms to
correct releases to soil.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil from Solid Waste Management Units,
EPA/OSW, August 1985, PB88-185277
Provides guidance to identify the need for corrective measures and to
identify mechanisms to correct releases to soil.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Surface Water, EPA/OSW, Draft Final, PB88-
185251.
Provides guidance to identify the need for corrective measures and to
identify mechanisms to correct releases to surface water.
Covers for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1985.
Provides guidance for the design of cover systems for uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites including information on soil properties tests,
materials for impermeable applications, site preparation, support
materials, equipment, and quality control and assurance.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix A, Technical Methods for Evaluating
Hydrogeology Parameters, EPA/OSW, July 1986.
This document describes how to determine hydraulic conductivity. It
also discusses factors affecting hydraulic gradient and effective
porosity.
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Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix B. Ground-Water Flow Net/Flow Line
Construction and Analysis, July 1986, EPA/OSW.
This document describes how to construct ground-water flow nets using
permit application data to understay flow patterns at hazardous waste
facilities.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix C, Technical Methods for Calculating
Time of Travel in the Unsaturated Zone, EPA/OSW, July 1986.
This document presents methods for estimating TOT in unsaturated
sediments in areas with aid or semi-aid climates where thick unsaturated
lanes are common.
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydrogeology Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act: Appendix D, Development of Vulnerability
Criteria Based on Risk Assessments and Theoretical Modeling, EPA/OSW, July
1986.
This document describes EPA's analyses performed in developing the TOT
criteria. It includes health risk assessments of hypothetical ground-
water users at actual RDRA facilities.
Data Quality Objectives: Development Guidance for Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Site Remedial Response Activities, EPA/OERR/HSCD, October 1986, OSWER
Directive 9355.0-07A.
Provides guidance in development of data quality objectives for remedial
response under CERCLA. Includes remedial investigations, feasibility
studies, remedial design, and remedial actions.
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, EPA/OERR,
March 1987, OSWER Directive No. 9355.007B.
Provides remedial project managers (RPMs), quality assurance officers,
and States with a consolidated reference of all REM field procedures,
with the exception of site safety issues and personal protection
requirements. Promotes consistent field procedures among all ten EPA
Regions. Compiled from procedures that were used successfully in
executing EPA work assignments nationwide.
Data Requirements for Selecting Remedial Action Technology, EPA/HWERL,
January 1987, EPA/600/2-87/001.
Presents data requirements for screening remedial action technologies.
Includes sections on biological chemical, physical, thermal, physical
treatments, and stabilization/solidification.
Data Requirements for Selecting Remedial Action Technology, EPA/ORD, January
1987.
Report defines data requirements for screening remedial action
technologies applicable to: air pollution, surface water, leachate and
ground-water and gas migration controls; sediment, waste, and soil
removal, containment, and in situ and other treatments.
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Decontamination of Hazardous Waste Substances From Spills and Uncontrolled
Waste Sites by Radio Frequency In Situ Heating, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-
167642.
Details radio frequency heating process which can be used to heat and
decontaminate uncontrolled landfills and hazardous substances from
spills. Includes information on design and cost estimates.
Decontamination Techniques for Mobile Response Equipment Used at Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD/HWERL, January 1986, EPA-600/2-85-105.
State-of-the-art review of facility and equipment decontamination and
contamination assessment, and contamination prevention.
Description and Operation of a Thermal Decomposition Unit-Gas Chromatographic
System, EPA/ORD, September 1984, PB84-246362.
Describes design and operation of the thermal decomposition analytic
system.
Design, Construction and Evaluation of Clay Liners for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/OSWER, March 1986, PB 86-184496.
This document is compilation of all of the available information on the
design, construction, and evaluation of clay liners for waste landfills,
surface impoundments, and wastepiles. The topics covered are: clays,
with emphasis on their composition, fabric, and hydraulic conductivity;
geotechnical test methods and soil properties including index
properties, soil classification, and hydraulic conductivity testing;
clay chemical compatibility, including a discussion of the mechanisms of
interaction and a comprehensive compilation of existing test data from
the literature and private sources; construction and quality assurance;
clay liner failure mechanisms; the performance of existing clay liners
based on case studies of 17 sites; and clay liners based on case studies
of 17 sites; and clay liner transit time prediction methods featuring an
in-depth discussion of many available techniques and models.
Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Cover Systems for Hazardous Waste:
An Engineering Guidance Document, EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-191656.
Document emphasizes special characteristics of solid waste management
cover systems while stressing need for engineering experience to
integrate the complex factors into traditional engineering approach,
Design and Construction of a Mobile Activated Carbon Regenerator System,
EPA/600/2-86/015, PB86 156-486, January 1986.
A mobile carbon regeneration unit is described that can be used with
mobile activated carbon adsorption units. It is housed in a standard
van type of trailer and includes a rotating barrel kiln to thermally
regenerate the carbon, an incinerator and scrubber to destroy the
absorbed materials and treat the offgases, and a separator to reclaim
the reactivated carbon granules. In tests runs from the on-site
treatment of a spill, the carbon was returned to essentially 100%
activity with an 88% volume recovery.
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Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Oxidation, EPA/OSWER,
September 1986, PB 87-101234.
Study on 2 pilot-scale systems for destroying vapor-phase chlorinated
hydrocarbons by catalytic oxidation: Metal oxide/fluidized bed
(achieved >98% total organic destruction) and fixed bed with
UV/zonation.
Destruction of Dioxin-Contaminated Solids and Liquids by Mobile Incineration,
EPA/ORD, May 1987, PB87-188512.
Results of project that evaluated technical, economic, and
administrative feasibility of on-site incineration of dioxin-
contaminated materials. The EPA mobile incineration system was found to
be more than adequate for dioxin detoxification.
Destruction of PCB-Contaminated Soils With A High Temperature Fluid-Wall
(HTFW) Reactor, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-168798.
Demonstrates feasibility of a high temperature fluid-wall (HTFW) reactor
to detoxify biorefractory hazardous substances and contaminated soil.
Development of Chemical Countermeasures for Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soil,
EPA/Edison, January 1984, PB84-148840.
Evaluates the efficacy of in-situ treatment of large volumes of
subsurface soil and large static bodies of water.
Development of Chemical Compatibility Criteria for Assessing Flexible Membrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/067.
Laboratory testing was conducted to develop chemical resistance data
using immersion tests. Six flexible membrane liners were tested;
polyvinylchloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated
polyethylene, high density polyethylene, epichlorohydrin, and ethylene
propylene diene terpolymer. Twenty chemical solutions providing a range
of chemical challengers were also tested.
Dewatering of Dilute Aqueous Hazardous Waste Using Reversible Gel Absorption,
EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-168761.
Feasibility of using crosslinked gels in a reversible process for
extracting pure water from aqueous waste solutions was investigated.
Near-critical gels have been developed which swell and collapse as
function of process conditions.
Disposal Methods: Landfills, Geologic Formations, Chemical Stabilization and
Chemical Treatment, EPA/ORD, August 1986, PB86-231214.
Placement of waste in injection wells, salt formations, and underground
mines. Stabilization/solidification include processes that convert
contaminants into least soluble, mobile, or toxic form. Chemical
treatment uses tools to prevent release.
DRASTIC: A standardized System for Evaluating Ground Water Pollution
Potential Using Hydrogeologic Settings, National Water Well Association, May
1985.
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Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, August 1985,
EPA/600/S2-86/013.
Provides detailed technical guidance on methods, procedures and
equipment suitable for removing drummed wastes. Includes data on
locating buried rums, excavation, on site transfer, waste consolidation
and temporary storage.
Dust Control at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, November 1985, EPAX 8603-0214.
Describes methods of controlling contaminated fugitive dust from
.contaminated land surfaces. Information on equipment decontamination
and worker protection. Discusses possible nonair impacts arising from
the use of dust suppressant measures.
Effect of Capillarity and Soil Structure on Flow in Low Permeability Saturated
Soils at Disposal Facilities, EPA/ORD, April 1987, PB87-180576.
Report addresses leachate movement after release from facilities in
saturated zones of low permeability (low-K) soils. Discussions include
computer models and roles played by tension-saturated zone,
anisotropous, and heterogeneities.
Effects of Organic Solvents on the Permeability of Clay Soils, EPA/ORD, March
1983, PB83-179978.
Presents study conducted to measure permeability of compacted clay soils
to assess their suitability as liners for landfills or impoundments.
Electrical Resistivity Technique to Assess the Integrity of Geomembrane
Liners, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-122414.
Discusses electrical modeling of liner system performed using computer
techniques and tests conducted to measure influence of leaks on surface
voltage distributions of water and earth-filled liner systems.
Endangerment Assessment Handbook, Final, EPA/OWPE, November 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9850.1.
Guidance to EPA personnel on conducting endangerment assessments and
preparing documentation to satisfy enforcement needs of each case.
Supplement to the "Draft Endangerment Assessment Guidance," included in
Appendix 1.
Enzyme-Based Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water, EPA/Edison, April
1985, PB85-191716.
Explores enzyme-based approach for detecting hazardous levels of high
molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural water.
Evaluating Cover Systems for Solid and Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD/MERL,
September 1980, SW-867.
Describes a 36-step procedure to be used by RCRA permit writers, for the
evaluation of permit engineering plans. The 36 steps in the permit
evaluation procedure fall into the following three categories:
examination of data, steps in cover system evaluation, and evaluation of
post-closure plan. Designed to provide the RCRA permit writer with a
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methodology for evaluating cover design, and post-closure maintenance
and contingencies.
Evaluation of Geomembrane Seams Exposed to Selected Environmental Conditions,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166842.
Describes research which evaluated geomembrane liner seams exposed to
selected environmental conditions.
"Evolving Concepts of Subsurface Contaminant Transport," J.F. Keely, M.D.
Piwoni, and J.T. Wilson, J. Water Pollution Control Fed. 58(5):349-357, May
1986.
This paper, by three EPA scientists, examines the changing perceptions
of how natural processes control the fate of contaminants in the
subsurface. The discussion focuses on three levels of understanding:
conceptual (state of the knowledge), theoretical (state of the science),
and practical (state of the art). Physical, chemical, and biological
processes are discussed.
Factors in Assessing the Compatibility of FMLs and Waste Liquids, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/017.
This project examined various factors in the compatibility of flexible
membrane liners (EMLS) with liquids and other hazardous substances.
Feasibility of Commercialized Water Treatment Techniques for Concentrated
Waste Spills, EPA/600/2-81/213, PB82 108-440, September 1981.
The suitability and economics of reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, ion
exchange, wet-air oxidation, high-purity oxygen-activated sludge
process, ultraviolet-ozone oxidation, and coagulation/precipitation for
on-site treatment of concentrated wastes were evaluated from published
literature and data obtained from process suppliers. Alone, none of the
processes would be economically applicable for on-site treatment of the
variety of concentrated wastes encountered, although reverse osmosis,
ion exchange, and wet-air oxidation meet many of the application
requirements.
Feasibility of In Situ Solidification/Stabilization of Landfilled Hazardous
Wastes, EPA/ORD, September 1983, PB83-261099.
Discusses feasibility of solidifying or stabilizing hazardous industrial
wastes already in landfills.
Feasibility of Using Fiber Optics for Monitoring Ground-water Contaminants,
EPA/EMSL, January 1984, PB84-201607.
Contains results of initial feasibility study for research program to
develop technology to use fiber optics for monitoring groundwater
contaminants. Presents information on chemical detection and
qualification of tracer materials.
Field Studies of Geomembrane Installation Techniques, EPA/ORD, January 1984,
PB84-190586.
Study of 14 construction sites where geomembranes were being installed.
Generic types of geomembrane materials: polyvinyl chloride, high
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density polyethylene/ neoprene and ethylene propylene diene monomer.
Describes preparation and installation technique.
Field Studies of In Situ Soil Washing, EPA/ORD, EPA/600-287/110.
The U.S. EPA and Air Force conducted a research program demonstrating
the removal of hydrocarbons from a sandy soil utilizing in situ soil
washing. A 50/50 blend of two commercially available surfactants (Adsee
799 and Hyonic PE-90), was used to treat compounds with soil adsorption
constants (K) between 10 and 1,000,000. Contaminants included
dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene,
as well as aromatics.' Results of the studies showed that the aqueous
surfactant solutions were not measurably affective. It is likely that
this same ineffectiveness would occur at other chronic spill sites with
contaminants possessing high soil washing would require treatment of the
ground water.
Field Studies of Liner Installation Methods At Landfills and Surface
Impoundments: Final Report, EPA/ORD, November 1984, PB85-117067.
Investigates procedures for subgrade preparation and liner placement
during construction of lined surface impoundments and landfills.
Materials studied include admixes, soils and clays, sprayed on, and
polymeric membranes.
Final Waste Soil Treatment Study: Celtor Chemical Works Site, Hoopa,
California, EPA/OSWER, September 1986, EPAX 8710-0044.
Discusses final treatments study of contaminated soils at Celtor
Chemical Works. Five remedial actions selected June 1985. Treatment
alternative is examined further including results of extraction study.
Floating Cover Systems for Waste Lagoons: Potential Application at Old Inger
Site, Louisiana. EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB85-124667.
Investigates alternative methods for presenting lagoon overtopping with
specific application to Old Inger site in Louisiana.
Fugitive Participate Emissions from Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-
87/066.
Control techniques are reviewed for applicability to fugitive
particulate emissions from hazardous waste sites. Techniques judged
applicable include chemical stabilization (40 to 100 percent
efficiency), wet suppression (25 to 90 percent efficiency), physical
covering (30 to 100 percent efficiency), vegetative covering (50 to 80
percent efficiency), and windscreens (30 to 80 percent efficiency).
Genetic Engineering and the Development of New Pollution Control Technologies,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-148972.
Describes relationship between genetic engineering and biological waste
treatment and identifies research topics for new pollution treatment
techniques.
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Geophysical Methods for Locating Abandoned Wells, EPA/EMSL, May 1984,
EPA/600/4-84-065.
Joint study between EPA and USGS on feasibility of using geophysical
methods to find abandoned wells containing steel casings. Magnetic
methods promising effective electrical techniques may be used instead.
Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried Wastes and Waste Migration,
EPA/EMSL, June 1984, EPAX 8706-0050.
Six geophysical techniques in sensing buried waste and waste migration:
metal detection, magnetometry, ground penetrating radar,
electromagnetics, resistivity, and seismic refraction, with emphasis on
cost-effective investigations at hazardous waste sites.
Geosynthetic Design Guidance for Hazardous Waste Landfill Cells and Surface
Impoundments, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/097.
This report provides guidance design procedures for the use of
geosynthetic materials in hazardous waste land disposal cells. The use
of geosynthetic components beneath, within, and above the cell, and the
construction and fabrication of caps, drainage, and filtration and
subgrade are discussed. Each design consideration is derived from
specific equilibrium equations and example applications are used:
beneath the cell (e.g. leachate collection/removal system
transmissivity, FML's, and filters), within the cell (e.g., ramps,
interior berms, standpipes), and above the cell (e.g., surface water
collection/removal systems). Minimum Design Ratios are recommended for
each design procedure and guidelines are given for evaluating the long-
term stability of each component. Factors influencing stability are
rheological properties, aging characteristics, microbial growth, and
deformations due to settling; chemical compatibility is not considered.
Geotechnical Analysis for Review of Dike Stability (GARDS) Technical Manual,
EPA/ORD, December 1986, PB87-130951.
User manual for GARDS, a program for geotechnical analysis of earth
dikes (developed for EPA but also suitable for general use), considers
slope stability, settlement, liquefaction, hydraulic flow and pressure,
piping. IBM PC/XT Compatible.
Geotextiles for Drainage, Gas Venting, and Erosion Control at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, September 1986, EPAX 8612-0024.
Properties and uses of geotextiles, permeable synthetic fabrics in (1)
landfill cover drains, leachate collection systems, and ground water
control systems, (2) gas venting, and (3) protection of landfill covers
and waste disposal sites from surface erosion.
Graphite Electrode for the Measurement of Redox Potential and Oxygen Diffusion
Rate in Soil, EPA/Ada, January 1985, PB85-236248.
Control measurements that might be made to determine effectiveness of
hazardous waste management at land treatment sites. Compares platinum
wire electrodes and wax impregnated graphite for determining oxygen
diffusion rate.
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Ground Water and Wells, E.E. Johnson, Ed., Johnson Division, UOP, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1982.
A basic reference presenting the technical aspects of ground-water
occurrence, ground-water movement, well hydraulics, well design and
ground-water geology, and the practical aspects of well drilling, well-
screen selection, well maintenance, and well operation.
Ground-Water Hydraulics, S.W. Lohman, Geological Survey Professional Paper
708, 1972.
A basic textbook for working professionals covering all subjects of
concern in ground-water hydraulicsthe natural or induced movement of
water through permeable geologic formations. The principal method of
analysis in ground-water hydraulics is the application, generally by
field tests of discharging wells. Topics discussed include unsaturated
one testing.
Groundwater Management: The Use of Numerical Models (Second Edition), P. van
der Heijde, Y. Bachmat, J. Bredehoeft, B. Andrews, D. Holtz, and S. Sebastian,
Amer. Geophysical Union, Water Resources Monograph 5, 1985.
A compilation of information by the International Ground-Water Modeling
Center on almost 400 ground-water simulation models from around the
world. There is a general discussion of ground-water systems, a
description of the basic equations used to model ground-water systems, a
detailed examination of the intrinsic strengths and deficiencies of
existing ground-water models, and information on the use of models in
management.
Ground Water Modeling Newsletter, International Ground Water Modeling Center,
Holcomb Research Institute, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Avenue,
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46208.
The Ground Water Modeling Newsletter is published quarterly by the
Ground Water Modeling Center and is available free of charge [telephone
(317) 283-9458]. It contains up-to-date information about new
publications, computer models, conferences and seminars, and
announcements of services related to ground-water modeling.
Groundwater Transport: Handbook of Mathematical Models, I. Javendel, C.
Doughty, and C.F. Tsang, Amer. Geophysical Union, Water Resources Monograph
10, 1984.
A presentation of the best and most usable mathematical methods for
predicting the extent of subsurface contamination, in a format useful to
field-response personnel. It contains selected analytical solutions,
semianalytical methods and numerical approaches, and discusses the
strengths and possible pitfalls in the application of each. It also
contains comprehensive tables and computer-program listings. It should
enable the user to make initial estimations of contaminant transport at
a given site, and if the need arises, to select sophisticated numerical
models.
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Groundwater, R.A. Freeze and J.A. Cherry, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,
1979.
This book is the universally accepted reference book for studying ground
water. Topics addressed in this book include physical and chemical
properties, geology, flow nets, contamination, and fate and transport.
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Impoundment Sites, Final, OERR,
June 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9380-0.06.
Addresses remedial actions for cleanup of pits, ponds, and lagoons
containing hazardous wastes. To be used under direction of engineer or
scientist experienced in hazardous waste remedial project.
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites, Final, OERR,
May 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-03.
Provides concise descriptions of the necessary steps to implement
surface remedial actions for the cleanup of surface tanks and drums
within the provisions of the National Category Plan.
Guidance on Differentiating Alternative Technologies, EPA/OSWER/ERD, OSWER
Directive No. 9380.2-05.
Designed to assist on-scene Federal, State, and local officials and
private firms that plan and implement remedial actions at National
Priorities List (NPL) sites containing hazardous wastes.
Guidance on Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA, EPA/OWPE, June 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9355.0-5C.
Guide providing detailed structure for identifying, evaluating, and
selecting remedial action alternatives under CERCLA and the National
Contingency Plan (NCP).
Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites,
EPA/OERR, October 1986, EPA/68-03-3113.
Describes how to develop, evaluate, and select remedial actions for
ground-water remediation under the Superfund program. Provides guidance
and key considerations to be addressed when selecting a ground-water
remedy during the CERCLA feasibility study of alternatives. Helps
ensure that the most cost-effective alternative is chosen during
Superfund activities.
Guidance on Remedial .Investigations Under CERCLA, EPA/OWPE, June 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9355.0-06B.
Provides technical guidance to Superfund staff, contractor and
potentially responsible parties on how to conduct a Remedial
Investigation (RI) under CERCLA requirements. Describes how to
characterize the extent of existing contamination and the potential for
a release to soils, ground water, surface water, and air from
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Describes the interplay of the RI
and FS activities during development of a response.
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Guidance Manual for Research, Development, and Demonstration Permits, EPA/OSW,
July 1986, EPA-530/SW-86/008.
Provides information for RCRA permit applicants permit writers for
preparing and processing applications for RCRA research, development,
and demonstration permits.
Guide for Decontaminating Buildings, Structures, and Equipment at Super-fund
Sites, EPA/ORD/HWERL, March 1985, EPA-600/2-85-028.
Discusses decontamination methods, types of contaminants, site-specific
technology selection, effectiveness evaluation, case studies, and worker
health and safety.
Guide to the Selection of Materials for Monitoring Well Construction and
Ground-Water Sampling, M.J. Barcelona, J.P. Gibb, and R.A. Miller, Illinois
State Water Survey Contract Report 327, 1983.
A basic text on the selection of cost-effective materials, target
chemical constituents, and procedures for monitoring-well casing
materials to minimize disturbance of the subsurface. Other topics
covered include sampling apparatus and strategies, monitoring-well
network design, and specific recommendations.
Guidelines for Ground-Water Classification Under the EPA Ground-Water
Protection Strategy, EPA/OW/OGWP, December 1986.
Guidance document for ground-water classification under ground-water
protection strategy. Purpose is to define classes, concepts and key
words related to the strategy and to describe procedures and information
needs for classifying ground water.
Handbook of Applied Hydrology: A Compendium of Water Resources Technology,
V.T. Chow, Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1964.
An interdisciplinary handbook covering hydrology and water-resources
technology. Information comes under four major groupings dealing with:
the closely related sciences upon which hydrology depends; various
phases of the hydrologic cycle and phenomena; practice and application
of hydrology in various fields; and some social-economic aspects of
hydrology, including planning, policy, and law.
Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action Technology Plans, EPA/ORD/MERL,
August 1983, EPAX 8706-0052.
Brief description, status, factors for determining feasibility and
reliability, principal data requirements, and basic information for cost
review given for over 50 remedial action technologies. Includes
discussions of pathways, remedial approaches.
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste, EPA/ORD/HWERL,
June 1986.
Describes reagents and methodology determined to be useful in
stabilizing/solidifying hazardous wastes. Can be used to assess
technical solutions proposed for specific remedial action cases.
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May 1, 1989
Handbook: Ground Water, Final, EPA/ORD, March 1987, EPA/625/6-87/016.
This document provides a general framework for the protection of ground-
water resources and for assessing the quality of those resources.
Chapters are included on contamination, investigation, restoration,
hydrogeology, well design and construction, sampling, tracers, use of
mode geology. Full report presently available.
Handbook on Treatment of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/ORD, February 1987,
PB87-152328.
Evaluates various leachate treatments including: Sludge treatment, air
stripping, carbon adsorption, flow equalization, granular media
filtration, ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation/reduction, powdered
activated carbon treatment, and many more.
Handbook, Remedial Action at Hazardous Disposal Sites, EPA/OERR, October 1985,
OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-04.
Overview of remedial investigation/feasibility study process as outlined
in the National Contingency Plan. Describes specific remedial
technologies including: application and limitations, design,
construction, implementation, operation, and selection.
Handbook: Responding to Discharges of Sinking Hazardous Substances,
EPA/ORD/HWERL, September 1987, EPA/540/2-87/001.
This document provides guidance on the response to spills of chemicals
that sink in water bodies and contaminate bottom materials. It
describes the decision making process associated with defining spill
parameters and impacts and selecting appropriate response measures. It
also describes the cleanup and mitigative technologies that may be used,
including containment, removal, treatment, disposal, and in situ
techniques.
Hazardous Waste Destruction, EPA/ORD, January 1986, PB86-224540.
Current status of thermal destruction in U.S. including facilities and
wastes typically handled. Performance test results presented for
incinerators, industrial boilers, and industrial process kilns. Other .
aspects of thermal destruction are also addressed.
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology, EPA/ORD, January 1986, PB86-145539.
Common innovative technologies for destruction of wastes. Covers some
emerging alternative technologies that treat waste other than through
landfilling, landfarming, or lagooning.
Health Effects Assessment Documents (58 chemical profiles), EPA/ORD, September
1984, EPA-540/1-86-001 through 058.
These documents are brief summary assessments of potential adverse
health effects following oral or inhalation exposure to chemicals.
Documents are listed individually by chemical.
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May 1, 1989
"Health Risk Comparison Between Groundwater Transport Models and Field Data,"
Environmental Progress, 5(1):66-70, February 1986.
Methods to predict contaminant migration using both computer modeling
and field monitoring data, and case studies comparing health-risk
(exposure) assessments and plume delineation based on modeling and
monitoring predictions.
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) Model, EPA/ORD, June
1984, PB85-100840.
Describes hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance (HELP) program
developed to facilitate estimation of amounts of surface runoff,
subsurface drainage and leachate in landfills.
Impact of High Chemical Contaminant Concentrations on Terrestrial and Aquatic
Ecosystems: A State-of-the-Art Review: Final Report, EPA/Athens, July 1984,
PB84-220292.
Reviews available methods for predicting effects of high chemical
concentrations on properties, processes, functions, cycles, and
responses of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Improved Techniques for Removal of Sediments Contaminated With Hazardous
Materials, EPA/ORD, October 1984, PB85-116093.
Describes research project set up to identify, characterize/classify
chemicals that sink and review state-of-the-art contaminated sediment
management technology.
"In-Situ Biorestoration as a Ground Water Remediation Technique," J.T.
Wilson, L.E. Leach, M. Henson, and J.N. Jones, Ground Water Monitoring
Review, 6<4):56-64, Fall 1986.
This paper discusses the role of microorganisms in degrading or
transforming a wide variety of subsurface organic contaminants and the
possibilities for enhancing this process through various remediation
techniques.
In Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills,
EPA/ORD, October 1985, PB86-121365.
Present results of 2-year study on methods of reducing volatile chemical
emissions from surface impoundments and landfills. Examines air-
supported structures, floating solid objects, shape modification, oil
and surfactant covers, and synthetic membranes.
In Situ Restoration Technique for Aquifers Contaminated With Hazardous Wastes,
EPA/Ada, January 1987, PB87-198396.
In situ techniques for cleansing ground water and restoring aquifers,
including chemical and physical treatments. Neutralization, chemical
reaction, extraction, and immobilization are presented.
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May 1, 1989
In Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills,
Final, EPA/ORD, October 1985, EPA/600/2-85-124.
Presents results or two-year study on methods of reducing volatile
chemical emissions from surface impoundments and landfills. Examines
air-supported structures, Floating Solid objects, shape modification,
oil and surfactant covers, and synthetic membranes.
Innovative Means of Dealing with Potential Sources of Groundvater
Contamination: Proceedings of the National Groundwater Quality Symposium,
EPA/Ada, January 1984, PB85-196947.
New means of dealing with potential sources of ground-water
contamination: underground storage tanks, mining waste, agricultural
chemicals, injection wells, landfills, and impoundments.
Interim Report on the Feasibility of Using UV (Ultraviolet) Photolysis and
APEG (Alkali Polyethylene Glycolate) Reagent for Treatment of Dioxin, EPA/ORD,
July 1985, PB85-232619.
Field test at Shenandoah Stables in Moscow Mill, Missouri, to evaluate
the potential of alkali polyethylene glycolate (APEG) to dechlorinate
2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Laboratory Studies of Soil Bedding Requirements for Flexible Membrane Liners,
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-141498.
Describes study that investigated performance of membrance liners during
construction of hazardous waste landfills. Discusses development of
laboratory tests to determine bedding and cover requirements for
protecting membrane from puncture.
Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes: Controlling Vapor Movement in
Soil, EPA/ORD, August 1980, EPAX 8603-0004.
Presents results of study of volatilization and vapor phase movement of
hexachlorobenzene (HCB) from industrial wastes deposited on land. To be
used to design soil covers land disposal.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual, EPA/ORD, April
1983, EPAX 8603-0188.
Recommended procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of liquid
transmission control systems for hazardous waste landfill and surface
impoundments. Equations allow a determination of the performance of
compacted-clay liners intended to impede the vertical flow of liquids,
sand or gravel drainage layers used to convey liquids laterally into
collection systems, slopes on liners and drain layers, and spacings of
collector drain pipes.
Leachate Characterization and Synthetic Leachate Formulation for Liner
Testing, EPA/ORD, January 1987, PB87-145983.
Study to characterize leachates from land disposals and assess
feasibility of formulating a multicompound leachate for liner testing.
Waste sample data were analyzed and evaluated. Study includes
recommendations for synthetic leachate makeup.
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May 1, 1989
Leaching Evaluation of Agricultural Chemicals (LEACH) Handbook, EPA/600/3-
84/
068, PB84 236-413, June 1984, CERI.
The LEACH method provides an indication of the presence, absence, and
severity of pesticide leaching below the rooting depth for major crop
growing areas of the United States. LEACH was developed from long-term
simulation of annual pesticide-leaching time series using the Pesticide
Root Zone Model. Key parameters of a pesticide-site-crop-management
scenario are used to locate unique cumulative-frequency distributions,
which indicate whether the annual quantity of pesticides leached past
the crop rooting depth will exceed a given value.
Leachate Plume Management, Final, November 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-
05.
Provides an overview of fundamental concepts, procedures, and
technologies used in leachate plume management. Discusses plume
generation dynamics and delineation, plume control technologies, and
selection criteria.
Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic Waste, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-176897.
Reports on experimental effectiveness and durability of wide range of
liner materials when exposed to hazardous substances. Discusses new
testing methods.
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/ORD/MERL August 1980, SW-871.
To provide guidance for permit officials and disposal site operators on
available management options for controlling, treating, and disposing of
hazardous waste leachates. Provides overviews of leachate generation
and leachate characteristics. Presents alternatives for leachate
treatment and disposal. Provides broad guidance for design of a
monitoring program. In general, the document provides narrative
qualitative discussions of treatment alternatives and refers the reader
to other documents for the technical detail necessary for selection or
implementation of a treatment alternative.
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA/OSWER, September 1982, EPAX 8706-
0051.
Available management options for controlling, treating, and disposing of
leachate generated at surface impoundments and landfills. Emphasis is
on treatment selection and treatment technologies.
Manual of Procedures and Criteria for Inspecting the Installation of Flexible
Membrane Liners in Hazardous Waste Facilities, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/8-87/056.
This manual is intended to assist inspectors in performing flexible
membrane liner (FML) installation inspections. The manual discusses
four FML's most commonly used for waste containment:polyvinyl chloride,
high-density polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and
chlorinated polyethylene. Seven installation operations are discussed:
unloading and storage of FML's preparation and maintenance of supporting
surface, placement of FML on the supporting surface, seaming operations,
anchoring and sealing (anchoring in earth and to concrete, piping,
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May 1, 1989
etc.)/ testing, and covering the FML (earth, concrete, geotextiles, or
drainage nets.) .
Methods/Materials Matrix of Ultimate Disposal Techniques for Spilled Hazardous
Materials, EPA/ORD, October 1984, PB85-116853.
Describes study conducted to evaluate conventional and novel methods for
ultimate disposal of spilled or released hazardous substances, including
incineration pyrolysis, landfills, fixation, biological, and chemical
treatment.
Methods for Determining Permeability, Tra.nsmissijbi.lity, and Drawdown, R.
Bentall, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536-1, 1963.
Suggestions for correcting drawdown measurements analyzed by the This
graphical method; remarks pertaining to Wenzel's limiting formula,
gradient formula, and the recovery method; a formula for corrections to
be applied if wells used for aquifer tests tap less than the full
thickness of the aquifer; formulas for the determination of aquifer
constants from water-level data obtained when a Well is bailed or a slug
of water is injected into a well; analyses of the effects of cyclic
fluctuations of the water level, the pumping rate, or the pumping
interval; and methods relating the specific capacity of a well to the
aquifer coefficient of transmissibility.
MEXAMSThe Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System, EPA/600/3-84/031, PB84
157-155, February 1984.
MEXAMS provides enhanced capability for assessing the impact of
priority-pollutant metals on aquatic systems. It allows the user to
consider the complex chemistry affecting the behavior of metals in
conjunction with the transport processes that affect their migration and
fate. This is accomplished by linking MINTEQ, a geochemical model, to
EXAMS, an aquatic exposure assessment model.
Microbial Degradation of Selected Hazardous Materials: Pentachlorophenol,
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and Methyl Parathion, EPA/ORD, November 1983, PB84-
123934.
Evaluates use of selected pure culture microorganism for potential in
biodegrading hazardous materials.
"Microbiology of Portable Water and Groundwater," D.J. Reasoner, J. Water
Pollution Control Fed. 55 (6):891-895, 1983.
Recent studies of the microbiology of both potable and ground water are
presented in this paper. These studies include information on sampling
techniques, environments conducive to different types of microbial
growth, resistant strains of bacteria, and effects of various treatments
on controlling microbial growth in different settings.
Microwave System for Locating Faults in Hazardous Materials Dikes: Final
Report, EPA/ORD, January 1985, PB85-173821.
Continuous wave microwave systems and pulsed radio frequency systems
were assessed for identifying dike failure characteristics and detecting
subsurface objects.
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May 1, 1989
MINTEQA Computer Program for Calculating Aqueous Geochemical Equilibria,
EPA/600/3-84/032, PB84 157-148, February 1984.
MINTEQ is a thermodynamic equilibrium model that computes aqueous
specification, adsorption, and precipitation/dissolution of solid
phases. It combines the best features of two existing geochemical
models, MINEQL and WATEQ3, and was developed for incorporation into the
Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS). It has a well-
documented thermodynamic data base that contains equilibrium constants
and accessory data for seven priority-pollutant metals: arsenic,
cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc.
Mobile System for Extracting Spilled Hazardous Materials from Excavated Soils:
Final Report, EPA/ORD, October 1983, PB84-123637.
Describes laboratory tests to evaluate techniques for cleansing soil
contaminated with released or spilled hazardous materials.
Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes, Final, September 1986,
EPA/540/2-86/003(f).
Addresses use of established and developing mobile systems to treat
Superfund wastes. Discusses capabilities and limitation of 5 treatment
categories: thermal, immobilization, chemical, physical, and
biological.
Mobility of Organic Compounds from Hazardous Wastes, EPA/EMSL, February 1983,
PB83-163956.
Describes development of second generation test for mobility model of
leachate production for organic and inorganic constituents.
Mobility of Toxic Compounds from Hazardous Wastes, EPA/EMSL, July 1984, PB85-
117034.
Describes development of laboratory extraction method for solid wastes
that stimulates inorganic and organic constituents in leachates
resulting from co-disposing industrial wastes with municipal wastes in
landfills.
Model Based Methodology for Remedial Action Assessment at Hazardous Waste
Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-128990.
Describes remedial action assessment methodology for uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites.
Modeling Remedial Actions At Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
EPA/ORD/Athens, January 1985, EPAX 8603-0202.
Selection and use of models to evaluate effectiveness of remedial
actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Guidelines to regulatory
officials for incorporating models into remedial action planning process
at Federal and state sites.
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May 1, 1989
Modified NRC Version of the USGS Solute Transport Model. Volume 1:
Modifications, EPA/OSWER, September 1986, PB87-103099.
Modified NRC Version of the USGS Solute Transport Model. Volume II:
Interactive Preprocessor Program, EPA/ORD, July 1986, PB87-103107.
2-Volume report is technical documentation and nontechnical user's
manual for NRC version of solute transport model developed by U.S.
Geological Survey, used to predict contaminant concentrations in a
plume.
Molten Salt Destruction of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) and Chlordane:-Bench and
Pilot Scale Tests, EPA/ORD, September 1984, PB84-246354.
Describes research test program to demonstrate destruction of
chlorinated materials by molten salt destruction (MSD) process.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques to Detect Contained Subsurface
Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/078, PB88-185269.
Four NDT (remote sensing) techniques were evaluated for detection of
buried containers. The techniques tested were electromagnetic induction
(EMI), metal detection (MD), magnetometer (MAG), and ground penetrating
radar (GPR). The containers, steel and plastic, varied in size from 5
to 55 gal and were buried in known distributions in a wide variety of
soils, with some submerged in water. Five diverse field sites were
tested. The results showed that GPR is the only reliable method to
detect plastic containers, but it has limitations.
Performance of an Electrical Resistivity Technique for Detecting and Locating
Geomembrane Failures, EPA/ORD, May 1984, PB84-190594.
Describes an electrical resistivity survey technique which has been
developed and tested for assessing the integrity of geomembrane liner
systems installed in fluid impoundments.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials (Technical Paper),
EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-166859.
Reports on permeabilities of 3 gases and 5 solvents for a broad range of
commercial polymeric membranes.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Materials for Waste Management
Facilities, EPA/ORD, May 1985, PB85-231900.
Discusses materials used to manufacture polymeric liners for waste
management permeability of liners to gases, water vapor, solvent vapor.
Perspectives on Solidification/Stabilization Technology for Treating Hazardous
Waste, EPA/OSWER, January 1987, PB87-146346.
Stabilization/solidification means using additives to change waste and
reduce its mobility so it is suitable for landfills. Technical and
regulatory factors affecting potential applications are discussed.
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Potential Clogging of Landfill Drainage Systems, EPA/ORD, October 1983, PB84-
110550.
Describes investigation of potential clogging of landfill drainage
systems at hazardous waste sites.
Practical Guide for Ground Water Sampling, EPA/Ada, September 1985, EPAX 8706-
0004.
Presents ground-water sampling procedures for long-term monitoring
programs. Discussed: quality assurance, hydrogeologic settings, data
selection, well placement and construction, sampling equipment and
protocol, conclusions, recommendations, and references.
Practical Hydraulics, A.L. Simon, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.
A basic reference on the science of hydraulics, including chapters on
the physical properties of water, laws of fluid mechanics, water
pressure, pipe flow, pumps, seepage, elements of hydrology, open channel
flow, flow through hydraulic structures, and flow measurements.
Prediction/Mitigation of Subsidence Damage to Hazardous Waste Landfill Covers,
EPA/ORD, March 1987, PB87-175386.
Characteristics of RCRA landfills and of landfilled hazardous wastes
described to permit development of models and other analytical
techniques for predicting, reducing, and preventing landfill settlement
and related cover damage.
Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Techniques and Strategies, EPA/EMSL,
May 1983, PB83-206979.
Presents system for developing soil sampling protocols used by
environmental scientists in numerous situations.
Procedures for Modeling Flow Through Clay Liners to Determine Required Liner
Thickness, EPA/OSWER, January 1984, PB87-191029.
Describes technical procedures for determining adequate thickness of
single soil liners. Includes performance simulation model based on
numerical techniques recommended in guidance.
Project Summary: Destruction of Dioxin-Contaminated Solids and Liquids By
Mobile Incineration, EPA/OSWER, June 1987, EPAX 8605-0010.
Summary of project on mobile incineration system for on-site treatment
of dioxin contamination. Contains findings of research to determine
economic feasibility and to establish operation protocol.
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Ground-Water Contamination, EPA/ORD,
September 1985, EPA/625/4-85/016.
Material from a series of technology transfer seminars designed to help
the water-supply community prevent contamination and treat previously
contaminated water supplies. There is a good description of basic
ground-water hydrology as well as sections dealing with classification
of ground-water regions, ground-water and surface-water relationships,
ground-water pollution, management alternatives, controlling volatile
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organic compounds in ground water used for drinking, and in-situ
treatment, restoration, and reclamation of ground water.
RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures, Interim Final, OWPE/OSW, June 1988,
OSWER Directive No. 9902.4.
For use by Regional (and State) enforcement staff for developing
language in RCRA Section 3008 (h) enforcement orders for guiding the
implementation of interim measures. Specific interim measures for the
following types of waste management units are specified: containers,
surface impoundments, landfills, waste piles, tanks. In addition,
interim measures have been identified for the following media and/or
pollution events: ground water, surface water, gas migration, air
emissions.
RCRA Corrective Action Plan, Interim Final, OWPE/OSW, November 1986, OSWER
Directive No. 9902.3.
Assists Regions and States in development of Corrective Action Orders
(3008(h) ) and corrective action requirements in permit applications and
permits. Provides a technical framework for Regional and State
personnel in development of a site-specific schedule of compliance to be
included in a permit or a compliance schedule in a Corrective Action
Order; includes requirements for RCRA Facility Investigations (RFIs),
Corrective Measures Studies (CMSs), and work plans for Corrective
Measures Implementation (CMI).
RCRA Facility Assessment Guidance, Final, OSW, October 1986, PB87-107769.
Provides guidance to Regional/State staff on how to conduct a RCRA
Facility Assessment (RFA). It focuses on the following: identifying
releases requiring further action; screening SWMUs for further
investigation; collecting initial data on contamination levels; and
media specific investigation techniques.
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance, Draft, OSW, July 1987, OSWER
Directive No. 9502.00-6C, EPA 530/SW-87-001.
Provides detailed guidance to owner/operators for performing a RCRA
Facility Investigation (RFI). This document identifies the critical
steps, describes methods and addresses information requirements. It
describes how to prepare an RFI work plan and presents general strategy
for characterizing releases; QA/QC procedures; data management and
presentation; health and safety; waste and unit characterization; health
and environmental assessment; media-specific investigation techniques;
and case study examples.
RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document, Final,
OWPE, September 1986, OSWER Directive No. 9933.1.
Describes essential components of ground-water monitoring system which
meets RCRA goals. To be used to evaluate and modify existing systems.
Rapid Assessment of Potential Ground-Water Contamination Under Emergency
Response Conditions, EPA/600/8-83/030, November 1983, CERI.
A rapid assessment method for evaluating potential ground-water
contamination from a spill or waste site under a 24-hour emergency-
response time frame. The method allows order-of-magnitude estimates of
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contaminant concentrations with time and distance below the surface.
Assumptions and limitations of the procedures, auxiliary sources of
information, and example "applications are discussed.
Reactivity of Various Grouts to Hazardous Wastes and Leachates, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/021.
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected
grouts for controlling the percolation of leachates from hazardous and
solid waste landfills and surface impoundments.
Reclamation and Redevelopment of Contaminated Land: Volume I, U.S. Case
Studies, EPA/ORD/HWERL, August 1986, EPA/600/2-86/066.
Describes land use history, nature of contamination, redevelopment
objectives, site remediation and criteria for cleanup. Documents case
studies on 16 uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/OSWER, October 1985, OSWER
Directive No. 9380.0-04
For use by government and industry personnel involved in selection,
evaluation, and design of remedial response actions to provide an
understanding of the remedial process so that future response actions
can be developed and implemented in the most efficient way possible. To
provide a standard of comparison when evaluating or deciding on response
actions for sites with similar problems. To identify cleanup
technologies which may warrant further research. To quantify and
document the extent and type of remedial response actions on a
nationwide basis.
Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies,
EPA/600/2-81/137, PB81 230-922, July 1981.
Results of a feasibility study for removing spilled insoluble hazardous
materials from the bottom of flowing watercourses. Two full-scale
systems are described that were developed to collect spilled materials
and contaminated bottom mud, remove excess water from the pumped slurry,
and return decontaminated water to the stream. The two systems were
successfully demonstrated at a creosote spill on the Little Menomonee
River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
"Removal of Radium-226 from Drinking Water by Reverse Osmosis in Sarasota
Florida," T.J. Sorg, R.W. Forbes, and D.S. Chambers. J. Amer. Wtr. ffrks.
Assoc. 72(4):230-237, 1980.
Eight reverse osmosis treatment systems were studied for their
effectiveness in removing naturally occurring RaJ2S and other dissolved
solids from water. Although the age, type, and performance of the eight
systems varied, all systems lowered the Ra"6 concentration in the raw
water below the EPA contaminant level of 5 pCi/L.
Report on Decontamination of PCB-Bearing Wastes, EPA/ORD, EPA/600/2-87/093.
This report summarizes research progress on chemical/biological methods
for detoxification/destruction of PCBs in sediments.
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Review and Evaluation of the Influence of Chemicals on the Conductivity of
Soil Clays, EPA/ORD, EPA 600/2-88/016.
A study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of organic solvents on
compacted soils. Lab measurements showed that clay initially dispersed
in water, will flocculate as the concentration of organics increases.
The hydraulic conductivity typically increased two or three orders of
magnitude at concentrations above which the clay flocculated.
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils:
Volume 1Technical Evaluation, EPA/ORD/HWERL, July 1984.
Presents information on in-place treatment technologies applicable to
contaminated soils at shallow depths. Discusses extraction
immobilization, degradation, attenuation, and reduction of volatiles.
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils:
Volume 2Background Information for In-Situ Treatment, EPA/ORD/HWERL,
July 1984.
Presents information on in-place treatment technologies applicable to
contaminated soils at shallow depths. Discusses extraction,
immobilization, degradation, attenuation, and reduction of volatiles.
Review of Treatment Technologies for Dioxin Wastes, EPA/ORD, January 1986,
PB87-174959.
Presents generation and waste characteristics information for dioxin
wastes and discusses state-of-the-art for several proposed alternative
treatment processes for dioxin wastes.
Sampling Approaches for Measuring Emission Rates from Hazardous Waste Disposal
Facilities, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-194083.
Sampling approaches for measuring fugitive air emission, including
emission isolation flux chamber, vent'sampling, concentration-profile
technique, transect technique, and mass balance. Recommendations for
selection of appropriate sampling method.
SARAH: A Surface Water Assessment Model for Back Calculating Reductions in
Abiotic Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD/Athens, December 1986, EPAX 8705-0106.
Background and manual for computer model that calculates acceptable
leachate or industrial waste contaminant concentrations by working back
from levels thought safe in surface water, drinking water, and fish.
Sediment Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide, EPA/EMSL, July 1985, EPAX
8706-0003.
Overview of selected sediment models presented as foundation for
stratification study of regions and selection of sampling sites, methods
of sampling, sample preparation and analysis. Discussion covers rivers,
lakes, and estuaries.
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Selection Guide for Volatilization Technologies for Water Treatment, EPA/ORD,
EPA/600/2-88/014.
This guide presents a methodology for evaluating applicability of
volatilityzation technologies for removing volatile organics from water.
Technologies assessed include: surface sprayers, surface aerators,
bubble columns, cooling towers, steam strippers, unaided evaporation
from an impoundment, spray columns, and packed air stripping columns.
The guide enables users to assess performance and cost under a variety
of operating conditions (e.g. temperature, influent and effluent
concentrations, and flow rate) for representative equipment designs
transportable on a trailer. Offgas treatment is not considered.
Separation of Dilute Hazardous Organics by Low Pressure Composite Membranes,
EPA/ORD, July 1987, PB87-214870.
Separation of dilute hazardous organics accomplished by use of thin-film
composite aromatic polyamide membranes. Technique offers advantage of
high solute separation at low pressures (1-2 MPA) and broad pH operating
ranges (pH 2 to 12).
Sesoil: A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model, EPA/OSWER, May 1984, PB86-112406.
Describes user-friendly mathematical soil compartment model designed for
long-term environmental hydrologic, sediment, and pollutant fate
simulations.
Sesoil: Execution Using the Data Management Supporting System, Sesin and
Sesoilfm. User's Guide, EPA/OSWER, December 1984, PB86-112414.
Describes sesoil: soil compartment model which estimates rate of
chemical transport from soil surface to ground water.
Settlement and Cover Subsidence of Hazardous Waste Landfills (Final Report),
EPA/ORD, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0117.
Presents numerical models using equations for linearly elastic
deformation developed to predict maximum expected settlement, cover
subsidence, and potential cover cracking at hazardous waste landfills.
Shortcuts and Special Problems in Aquifer Tests, R. Bentall, Ed., Geological
Survey Water-Supply Paper 1545-C, 1963.
Seventeen previously unpublished papers dealing with special methods for
solving fundamental ground-water formulas or solving particular ground-
water problems are brought together. Shortcut methods include the use
of special charts, scales, or graphs for the solution of the general
nonequilibrium formula. Some extend the equilibrium straight-line
methods to obtain more information with less work; some analyze specific
boundary problems; and one discusses hydraulic and economic factors in
well spacing in a multiple-well system.
Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution Migration Control, Final,
February 1984, OSWER Directive No. 9380.0-02.
Guidance on use of slurry walls for control of subsurface pollutants.
Describes how these barriers can be employed for waste site remediation
and presents theory of their function and use. Discusses feasibility,
design, and construction.
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May 1, 1989
Soil, Clay, and Caustic Soda Effects on Solubility, Sorption, and Mobility of
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, EPA/ORD, January 1983, PB84-116060.
Describes project initiated to determine capacity of clay minerals and
soils for C-56 adsorption and develop chemical model to predict
migration.
Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide, EPA/EMSL, May 1984, EPAX 8706-
0055.
Guide stresses inseparability of cost-effective soil sampling quality
assurance/quality control plan from objectives of soil monitoring
program. Includes statistical considerations, sample collection and
handling, and analysis of quality assurance data.
Soiliner ModelDocumentation and User's Guide (Version 1) (Rept. for May 85-
May 86), EPA/ORD, April 86, PB87-100038.
Guide to soiliner, a program for IBM PC/XT or compatible, which models
compacted soil liner systems for landfills, surface impoundments, and
waste piles.
Soiliner Version 1 (for Microcomputers), EPA/ORD, July 1986, PB87-126033.
Soiliner program models liner systems for landfills/ surface
impoundments and waste piles. Written in Fortran for IBM PC/XT
compatible, needs DOS 2.1, 256K, hard disk. Available as 2 (2-sided, 2-
density) 5-1/4" diskettes plus documentation.
Solidification and Thermal Degradation of TNT Waste Sludges Using Asphalt
Encapsulation, EPA/ORD, August 1986, PB86-229150.
Research conducted on closure methods for lagoons containing TNT and RDX
wastes (pink water). Synthetic sludge will be used for initial tests
and modification of pilot system, actual lagoon sludge will be used
during final testing.
Solubility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin) in Contaminated
Soils, EPA/OSWER, January 1986, PB87-115796.
Investigation of soil/water partition coefficients for TCDD using
aqueous batch and intact core leaching. Coefficient strongly affected
by co-contaminants: total solvent-extractable organic matter (SEOM),
halogenated semi-volatiles in SEOM.
Sorption of Organic Contaminants to a Low Carbon Subsurface Core, EPA/Ada,
January 1985, PB86-117470.
Sorption of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, o-chlorotoluene and
dimethylphthalate to a series of subsurface samples is reported.
"Sorption of Organics by Monitoring Well Construction Materials," A.L. Sykes,
R.N. McAllister, and J.B. Homolya. Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):44-
47, Fall 1986.
A study of the effect of well-casing material (PVC, teflon, or stainless
steel) on the sorption of volatile organic hydrocarbons found in
contaminated ground water. It also considers the sampling and storage
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
stabilities of these contaminants for periods up to nine days. Results
showed no significant differences in sorption between casing materials,
but did find that length of storage resulted in some variability.
Specific YieldCompilation of Specific Yields for Various Materials, A.I.
Johnson, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1662-D, 1967.
A compendium of excerpts from selected reports that present and evaluate
methods for determining specific yield, limitations of those methods,
and results of the determinations made on a wide variety of rock and
soil materials. Although no particular values are recommended in this
report, it does summarize values of specific yield and their averages
determined for 10 rock textures.
Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting Sampling and Sample Bank Audits,
EPA/EMSL, January 1985, PB85-143279.
Guidelines for evaluating and auditing sample collection and sample bank
activities. Components and organization of audit program,
administrative and procedural functions, and suggested qualification and
training requirements for audit personnel.
Summary .Report: Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/ORD/MERL,
March 1984, EPA/S40/2-84, EPA/540/2-84-002a.
Updates conceptual design cost estimates for remedial action unit
operations described in earlier reports. Emphasizes uncontrolled
landfill or impoundment disposal sites in New Jersey.
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual, Draft, EPA/OERROSWER Directive
No. 9285.5- 01.
The Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual (SEAM) is designed to
complement the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM) by
describing how to develop both quantitative and qualitative exposure
information at uncontrolled waste sites to support a public health
evaluation during the Feasibility Study. This document presents
procedures for making an analysis of contaminant release, transport, and
fate, and human population exposure.
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program; EPA/ORD, February 1988,
EPA.540/5-88/001.
A report to Congress on the status of the SITE Program including a
discussion of new and innovative technologies.
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual, EPA/OERR, October 1986, OSWER
Directive No. 9285.4-01.
Establishes a framework to be used at Superfund sites to analyze public
health risks and develop design goals for remedial alternatives based on
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) of other
laws, where available; or risk analysis where those requirements are not
available. Procedures are designed to conform with EPA's proposed risk
assessment guidelines. Supplements Chapter 5 of the Guidance on
Feasibility Studies Under CERCIA, which describes the public health
evaluation process and provides detailed guidance on conducting the
evaluation.
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May 1, 1989
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial Action Guidance, Final, OERR,
February 1985, OSWER Directive No. 9355.0-04A.
To assist agencies and parties who plan, administer and manage remedial
design (RD) and remedial action (RA) at Superfund sites. Pertains to
both fund financed RD/RA (i.e., Federal- and State-led) and responsible
party RD/RA, and provides personnel guidance to be followed in order to
ensure that RD/RA is performed properly, consistently, and
expeditiously.
Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directory, EPA/OERR, November 1986,
OSWER Directive 9285^6-1.
This directory identifies and describes sources of information useful in
conducting Superfund-related risk assessments. Information is presented
on sources of automated data bases, data files and tapes, models,
directories, periodicals, publications, and on human and corporate
resources.
Superfund Treatment Technologies: A Vendor Inventory, EPA/OSWER, September
1986, EPAX 8703-0116.
Provides current information on capability and availability of mobile
treatment units for Superfund waste, including descriptions and
technical information.
Surface Sealing to Minimize Leachate Generation at Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites, EPA/ORD, January 1981, EPAX 8606-0027.
Discusses implementation of surface sealing to minimize surface
infiltration at 2 uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Presented at
National Conference on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
Oct. 1981, Washington, DC.
Survey or" Mobile Laboratory Capabilities and Configurations, EPA/EMSL, 1984,
EPA-600/X-84-170.
Survey of articles, conference proceedings, and specialists to identify
mobile laboratories and analytical capabilities in emergency and
remedial response efforts. Includes design specifications.
Systems to Accelerate Jn-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits, EPA/ORD, HWERL,
September 1986.
Use of reactants to stabilize waste. Discusses four kinds:
biodegradation, surfactant-assistant flushing, hydrolysis, and
oxidation. Methods of delivery assessed include surface flooding,
ponding, surface spraying, ditching, subsurface infiltration beds, and
others.
Technical Guidance Document: Construction Quality Assurance for Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal Facilities, EPA/OSWER, July 1986, Directive No. 9472.00-3.
Presents guidance for preparing site-specific construction quality
assurance (QA) plans for hazardous waste disposal facilities, including
landfills, surface impoundments, and wastepiles.
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May 1, 1989
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures: Determining Appropriate
Technology and Response for Air Releases, EPA/OSW, March 1985, PB88-185269.
To assist EPA/State personnel in implementing RCRA corrective action
provisions by providing a central source of information on air emission
control technologies and techniques for hazardous waste TSDFs.
Describes waste management unit decision and operation practices which
prevent or control vapor and particulate releases from containerized
waste storage, storage tanks, surface impoundments, landfills, land
treatment and waste piles. Discusses control technologies used in the
industrial/commercial sector.
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures: Subsurface Gas, EPA/OSWER/OERR,
March 28, 1985, PB88-185285.
To assist in the assessment of the potential for subsurface gas
generation and migration from these facilities and to describe potential
corrective measures. Provides an overview of factors that impact
subsurface gas generation and migration. Provides methods to identify a
subsurface gas release by the presence of specific hazardous waste
constituents. Describes criteria for emergency situations,
investigation methods and potential remedies.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Technologies for Dioxin-Containing
Wastes, EPA/OSWER, October 1986, EPAX 8706-0020.
Information on available technologies for treatment of dioxins.
Includes various thermal technologies, biological, chemical, and gamma
ray treatments.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Technologies for Solvents Containing
Wastes, EPA/ORD, October 1986, EPAX 8706-0022.
Source of technical information for waste management options for
solvents and other organic compounds. Options include waste
minimization, recycling, and treatment of waste streams. Emphasis is on
performance data for proven technologies.
Techniques for Treating Hazardous Wastes to Remove Volatile Organic
Constituents, EPA/ORD, January 1985, PB85-218782.
Discusses potential for using commercially available treatment
techniques to remove volatile organic compounds from hazardous waste
streams.
Technological Approaches to the Cleanup of Radiologically Contaminated
Superfund Sites, EPAIORD, EPA/540/2-88/002.
This document identifies potential technologies for the control and
remediation of radioactive contamination at Superfund sites. The
following technologies are discussed: stabilization/solidification,
vitrification, chemical extraction and physical separation.
Additionally, on- and off-site disposal methods are discussed. The
report only addresses treatment and disposal of radiologically
contaminated soils and radon control: it does not address remediation
of radiologically contaminated ground water or buildings.
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May 1, 1989
Technologies for In-Situ Treatment of Hazardous Wastes, EPA/ORD, January 1987,
PB87-146007.
Discusses natural processes of biodegradation and chemical
transformations with emphasis on delivery and recovery systems. Case
histories of in-situ treatment are given along with current EPA/ORD
activities.
Test Methods for Determining the Chemical Waste Compatibility of Synthetic
Liners, EPA/OSWER, April 1985, EPAX 8605-0116.
Evaluates test methods to measure/estimate chemical compatibility of
polymeric flexible membrane liners (FML) with liquid wastes. A
combination of tests may be necessary.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, Final,
OSWER, November 1986, SW-846, (EPA 8704-0107) .
Manual of test procedures pertaining to RCRA. Volumes 1A-1C laboratory
manual, Volume 2 field manual: lists methods for collecting samples,
determining reactivity, ignitability, composition, and mobility.
Test Methods for Injectable Barriers, EPA/ORD, January 1984, PB84-183631.
Describes wide variety of test procedures used in pilot and bench-scale
evaluation of grouted barriers to contain contaminated water at
hazardous waste sites.
"The Effect of Sampling Frequency on Ground Water Quality Characterization,"
R. Rajagopal, Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):65-73, Fall 1986.
Nitrate levels in Quaternary aquifers and fluorides and sulfates in
Cambro-Ordovician aquifers in Iowa were studied to determine the
relationship between sampling frequency and the reliability of the
information obtained. Since many of the distribution curves for
chemicals in ground water are positively skewed, a broader perspective
of the distribution of chemicals in the ground water could be obtained
by studying a spectrum of parameters. Using these parameters enabled
close estimation of nitrates, fluorides, and sulfates in selected
aquifers with as few samples as 50, 100, or 250.
"The Occurrence and Reduction of Sodium in Drinking Water," R.P. Lauch and
R.J. Sorg. J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 73(5):256-265, 1981.
Discussion of how sodium can be increased daring drinking-water
treatment, what concentrations can be expected after treatment, and how
sodium in drinking water can be reduced or eliminated. A literature
review on treatment techniques for reduction of total dissolved solids
and a brief introduction on the health effects of sodium are also
included.
"The Use of Industrial Hygiene Samplers for Soil-Gas Surveying," H.B. Kerfoot
and C.L. Mayer, Ground Water Monitoring Review, 6(4):74-78, Fall 1986.
A description of soil-gas surveying using a passive sampler, which
allows quantitative determination of concentration of volatile organic
compounds and remote analysis of samples. Use of this sampler above a
chloroform ground-water plume is compared to results obtained through
ground-water analysis and from a previous soil gas study above the same
111-33
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
plume. Chloroform concentrations measured with passive samplers
correlate well with the other two techniques. The short-term
variability of the technique is characterized by a coefficient of
variation of 12% over a 27-foot distance for nine samplers, and compares
favorably with grab-sample results at the same location.
Theory of Aquifer Tests, J.G. Ferris, D.B. Knowles, R.H. Brown, and R.W.
Stallman, Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536-E, 1962.
Survey of developments in fluid mechanics that apply to ground-water
hydrology. The origin, occurrence, and motion of ground water in
relation to the development of terminology and analytic expressions for
selected flow systems. Emphasis is on concepts, principles, and the
delineating limits of applicability of mathematical models for analyzing
flow systems in the field. The importance of the geologic variable and
its role in governing the flow regimen is stressed.
Toxicology Handbook: Principles Related to Hazardous Waste Site
Investigations, EPA/OWPE, August, 1985.
Explains to non-toxicology-trained personnel those principles of
toxicology relevant to hazardous waste site investigations. Describes
toxicity assessment process.
Treatment Technology Briefs: Alternatives to Hazardous Waste Landfills,
EPA/ORD/HERL, July 1986.
Summary of current technology (other than landfill and containment)
including biological treatment, centrifugation, oxidation, absorption,
injection, , neutralization, steam stripping, ultraviolet photolysis,
plasma systems, and many others.
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous Surfactants, EPA/600/2-85,129/
PB86 122-561, November 1985.
An investigation of aqueous nonionic surfactants for cleaning soil
contaminated with PCBs, petroleum hydrocarbons, and chlorophenol.
Contaminant removal from the soil was 92% for PCBs, and 93% for
petroleum hyrocarbons. While these results are an order of magnitude
greater than obtained with water alone, the inability to separate the
surfactants from the contaminants for reuse would render the process
uneconomical for field application. Future work should investigate the
use of other surfactants that may be more amenable to separation.
"Treatment of Drinking Water Containing Trichloroethylene and Related
Industrial Solvents," O.T. Love, Jr., and R.G. Eilers, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc., 74(8):413-425, 1982.
A discussion of the effects of aeration, adsorption, and boiling on
water contaminated with the volatile organic solvents trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene,
carbon tetrachloride, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Characteristics of the
compounds and estimates of the treatment costs are also provided.
"Treatment of Ground-Water with Granular Activated Carbon," P.R. Wood and
J.J. DeMarco, Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assn. 71 (11):674-682, 1979.
An evaluation of raw, lime-softened, and finished water from the
Hialeah, Florida, water system determined the adsorption capacities for
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May 1, 1989
four types of granular activated carbon. The carbons were tested for
halogenated organic compounds, total organic compounds, and
trihalomethane formation potential, as well as for several high
molecular weight compounds.
Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, EPA/600/8-83/019,
PB83 239-434, May 1983.
A review of the properties, occurrence, and efforts to control the
following organic chemicals in drinking water: tri- and
tetrachloroethylene; cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; 1,1-
dichloroethylene; vinyl and methylene chloride; 1,1,1-trichloroethane;
1,2-dichloroethane; carbon tetrachloride; benzene; chlorobenzene; 1,2-,
1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene; and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
This report provides a quantitative evaluation of the treatment
potential in soil for 56 hazardous chemicals, including PAHs,
pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and miscellaneous chemicals.
Results of the fate and transport predictions of two mathematical models
(RITZ and VIP) were compared with laboratory and literature results
inorder to evaluate the ability of the models to predict chemical
behavior in a soil system.
"Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
for Inorganics, (Part 1, Nitrate and Fluoride)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr.
Wrks. Assoc. 70(2):105-112, 1978.
The first of a series, this article presents a summary of the U.S. EPA
Water Supply Research Division's overall project to evaluate contaminant
removal techniques. The research program consisted of two phases: (1) a
series of laboratory tests to determine critical variables affecting
removal of contaminants, and (2) pilot plant tests to verify laboratory
results. This article gives specific details on nitrate and fluoride
health effects, chemistry, and removal treatment technology. Subsequent
articles will review the treatment technology for other NIPDWR-regulated
inorganic contaminants and the radionuclides.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 2, Arsenic and Selenium)," T.J. Sorg and G.S. Logsdon. J".
Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 70(7) : 379-393, 1978.
The second in a series summarizing existing treatment technology to meet
the inorganic National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
Presents health effects, chemistry, and current treatment methods for
removing arsenic and selenium from drinking water.
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 3, Cadmium, Lead, and Silver)," T.J. Sorg and G.S. Logsdon.
J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks. Assoc. 70 (12) :680-691, 1978.
The third in a series summarizing existing treatment technology to meet
the inorganic National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, this
report describes current treatment methods for removing cadmium, lead,
and silver from drinking water. The chemistry and health effects of
each metal are presented.
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May 1, 1989
"Treatment Technology to Meet Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Inorganics, (Part 4, Chromium and Mercury)," T.J. Sorg, J. Amer. Wtr. Wrks.
Assoc. 71(8):454-466, 1979.
The fourth in a series summarizing existing treatment technology to meet
the inorganic National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, this
report describes current treatment methods for removing chromium and
mercury from drinking water. Detailed discussion of the health effects
of contamination and the chemistry of these two metals are included.
Underground Storage Tank Corrective Action Technologies, EPA/OSWER, January
1987, EPA/625/6-87/015.
Underground storage tank construction techniques, leak detection
methods, and failure mechanisms. Transport pathways of released
substances, evaluating releases, risks to human health, profiles of
corrective-action technologies.
"Underground Storage Tank Monitoring: Observation Well Based Systems," R.A.
Scheinfeld, J.B. Robertson, and T.G. Schwendeman, Ground Water Monitoring
Review, 6(4):49-55, Fall 1986.
A discussion of the currently available leak-detection monitoring
systems that can be used with the three main types of observation wells:
ground-water observation wells, vapor wells, and U-tubes. Seven types
of liquid hydrocarbon detectors and six types of hydrocarbon vapor
detectors are described.
Underground Tank Leak Detection Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review,
EPA/600/2-86-001, PB86 137-155, January 1986.
A discussion of 36 leak detection methods for underground storage tanks
used primarily for gasoline and other liquid petroleum fuels. The
emphasis is on volumetric and nonvolumetric leak detection methods.
General engineering comments are provided for each method and there is a
discussion of variables that may affect the accuracy of each method.
User's Manual for the Pesticide Zone Model PRZM, EPA/600/3-84/109 December
1984, EPA/CERI.
The PRZM simulates the vertical movement of pesticides in the
unsaturated soil within and below the plant root zone and extending to
the water table. The model uses generally available input data and
hydrology and chemical transport components to simulate runoff, erosion,
plant uptake, leaching, decay, foliar washoff, and volatilization of the
pesticide. Prediction can be made for daily, monthly, or annual output.
It is designed to run on a DEC POP 1170 mini-computer, but with
modification will run on other computers with FORTRAN compilers.
User's Guide for Wastoxf A Framework for Modeling the Fate of Toxic Chemicals
in Aquatic Environments. Part 1: Exposure Concentration, EPA/ORD/Gulf
Breeze, August 1984, EPAX 8607-0087.
Wastox computer program allows user to examine transport of toxic
chemicals dissolved in water or adsorbed to sediments. Part 1 deals
with exposure concentration component of the Wastox model.
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May 1, 1989
Water Well Technology, M.D. Campbell and J.H. Lehr, National Water Well
Association, 1982.
A basic compendium of all of the salient features of water well
technology. It is a complete review of the water well industry,
including exploratory drilling, development of production wells for
industrial, municipal, and individual domestic water supplies, water
quality, and treatment of drilling contaminants.
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SECTION IV
COMPENDIUM OF COURSES, SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS, AND CONFERENCES
-------
DRAFT
May 1, 1989
This initial compendium of courses/ symposia, workshops, and conferences
was prepared by the Office of Solid Waste under the direction of Jon Perry.
The entries are listed under Corrective Action Technologies, Design and
Management, Sampling and Analysis, Health and Safety, and Risk Assessment.
IV-2
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DRAFT
May 1, 1989
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May 1, 1989
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May 1, 1989
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May 1, 1989
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EPA/600/9-87-008
SECTION v
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DIRECTORY
Prepared for the
Office of Research and Development
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
John H. Skinner, Director
James V. Basilico, Project Officer
Performed under subcontract to
JACA Corporation
Fort Washington, PA 19034
(68-03-3252, Assignment 35)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
9514 Mid wood Road
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
(301) 589-5318
March 27, 1987
-------
1. INTRODUCTION
This Directory is intended to foster communication with appropriate scientists and
engineers throughout EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) and EPA, state, and
local personnel involved in the protection and management of ground-water resources. In
addition to listing ORD researchers by location and subject matter, the Directory provides brief
organizational descriptions of the ground-water research programs for each office. These
organizational descriptions may aid in locating assistance in areas not covered by the subject
indices. Chapter 6 contains an annotated bibliography of selected ground-water publications
considered to be essential references for permitting and other regulatory personnel.
ORD's ground-water research program, reflecting the information needs of EPA's operating
programs, consists of five elements:
Source control. Control of discharges, leaks, and other surface and underground
contaminant sources to prevent ground-water contamination, including regulated hazardous
waste disposal sites, unregulated dump sites, underground tanks, and accidental spills.
Transport and fate. The physical movement of ground water in the saturated and
unsaturated zones and also the change in ground-water quality either through natural
degradation or differential transport rates.
Monitoring. Well-placement and sampling of the subsurface environment to locate and
characterize potential or known ground-water contamination.
On-site and in-situ aquifer cleanup. Restoring a polluted aquifer through physical
removal, chemical treatment, and enhanced biodegradation.
Technical assistance and technology transfer. Preparation and dissemination of
information about current research to decision makers, field managers, the regulated
communities, and the scientific community.
EPA derives its statutory authority to protect ground water from the Clean Water Act,
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund), the
Safe Drinking Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1*986.
In response to these broad statutory mandates, in 1984 EPA's Office of Ground-Water
Protection developed a Ground-Water Protection Strategy to give the Agency's program a focus
and direction. It has four components:
Short-term build-up of institutions at the state level.
Assessment of problems that may exist from unaddressed sources of contamination
including leaking storage tanks, surface impoundments, and landfills.
\
m Issuance of guidelines for ground-water protection and cleanup.
Strengthening EPA's organization to improve ground-water management at the head-
quarters and regional levels and EPA's cooperation with Federal and state agencies.
The scientists and engineers listed in this Directory conduct or manage research,
development, demonstration, and technical assistance projects to support the regulatory
programs of the Office of Water, the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, and the
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. To ensure cross-office integration of research
programs, ORD designated a Ground-Water Research Matrix Manager to coordinate ORD,
Program Office, and Regional input on issues and priorities in the areas of prediction,
V-2
-------
monitoring, and cleanup. The Matrix Manager supplements the Water and Hazardous
Waste/Superfund Research Committees, which advise the Assistant Administrator for Research
and Development on research and budget priorities.
Before calling technical assistance contacts listed in this Directory, interested persons
should first become familiar with relevant publications listed in Chapter 6.
V-3
-------
2. ORD GROUND-WATER RESEARCH FACILITY DESCRIPTIONS
V-4
-------
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V-5
-------
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
FTS 545-2525, (702) 798-2525
The Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch of the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas (EMSL-LV) conducts ground-water monitoring research and technical
assistance to support EPA operating programs. Ground-water related research includes:
Development, testing, and application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for
detecting and mapping shallow contaminant plumes, locating abandoned wells, and mapping
deeply buried contaminant plumes associated with injection wells.
Development of advanced technologies, including laser-fluorescence spectroscopy, for in-
situ ground-water contamination monitoring.
Evaluation of indicator parameters for RCRA ground-water contaminant detection
monitoring.
Development of vadose zone monitoring technologies to detect percolation of pollutants
from hazardous wastes.
Evaluation of the influence of seasonal variability, well placement, spatial variability, and
monitoring-well construction methods on water quality data from drinking water
monitoring wells.
Evaluation of underground storage tank external leak detection monitoring methods.
Assistance to field teams in the use of geophysical methods in hazardous waste site
investigations.
1
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
RESEARCH DIVISION
1
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
EMSL-LM Vegas
1
ADVANCED MONITORING
SYSTEMS DIVISION
AQUATIC AND
SUBSURFACE
MONITORING BRANCH
REMOTE AND AIR
MONITORING BRANCH
ENVIRONMENTAL PHOTO-
GRAPHIC INTERPRETATION
CENTER
1 1
NUCLEAR RADIATION
ASSESSMENT DIVISION
DOSE ASSESSMENT
BRANCH
FIELD MONITORING
BRANCH
RADIOANALYSIS
BRANCH
QUALITY ASSURANCE
DIVISION
HAZARDOUS WASTE
METHODS EVALUATION
BRANCH
TOXICS AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE OPERATIONS
BRANCH
PESTICIDES AND
RADIATION QUALITY
ASSURANCE BRANCH
V-6
-------
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 1198, Ada, Oklahoma 74820
FTS 743-2224, (405) 332-8800
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory (RSKERL) is entirely devoted to
ground-water research, concentrating on studies of the transport and fate of contaminants in
the subsurface, development of methodologies for protection and restoration of ground-water
quality, and evaluation of the applicability and limitations of using natural soil and subsurface
processes for the treatment of hazardous wastes. The core of RSKERL's program is research
into the hydrologic, biotic, and abiotic processes that govern the transport and fate of
contaminants in the subsurface. This provides the scientific foundation for further application-
oriented research in support of EPA operating programs. To promote the immediate needs of
EPA operating programs, RSKERL:
Determines the mechanical integrity of injection wells for the Underground Injection
Control Program.
Evaluates remediation technologies for the Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Develops technical information for the Office of Solid Waste land treatment permitting
program.
Provides evaluations and direct technical assistance for the Superfund program.
Transfers technology by sponsoring technical training courses, conferences, and symposia.
Supports the operations of the International Ground-Water Modeling Center at the
Holcomb Research Institute in Indianapolis, Indiana; and the Ground-Water Information
Center at the National Water Well Association in Dublin, Ohio.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
RSKERL-Ada. OK
PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS
RESEARCH DIVISION
SUBSURFACE PROCESSES
BRANCH
SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS
BRANCH
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES
AND ASSISTANCE DIVISION
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AND
ASSISTANCE BRANCH
APPLICATIONS AND
ASSISTANCE BRANCH
V-7
-------
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30613
FTS 250-3134, (404) 546-3134
The Athens Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL-Athens) conducts fundamental and
applied research to assess the human and environmental risks associated with pollutants in
water and soil ecosystems. Ground-water related research activities include:
Identification and characterization of significant physical, chemical, and biological
processes affecting ground water to facilitate the prediction of transformation products,
the rate and extent of transport, and the distribution of pesticides, hazardous wastes, and
their constituents in saturated- and unsaturated-soil environments.
Development of measurement protocols and data bases for chemical-specific properties,
process-rate constants, and environmental properties that govern pollutant exposure,
impact, and risk in soils and ground-water environments.
Development of multimedia models and methods to predict the release, transport, and fate
of pesticides, hazardous wastes, and toxic substances for the full range of exposure and
risk assessment scenarios relevant to regulatory programs.
Reduction of prediction uncertainties through field validations and the application of
uncertainty-analysis techniques to developed models and methodologies.
Multispectral identification of organic compounds that remain unidentified after application
of conventional mass-spectrometric techniques.
Technology transfer to communicate research results through workshops, publication of
user's manuals, and distribution of user-friendly computer codes.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
ERL-Athcnt. GA
CHEMISTRY BRANCH
BIOLOGY
BRANCH
MEASUREMENTS BRANCH
ASSESSMENT
BRANCH
V-8
-------
International Ground Water Modeling Center
Holcomb Research Institute, Butler University
4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana 46208
(317) 283-9458
The International Ground Water Modeling Center (IGWMC), established at Holcomb
Research Institute (HRI) in 1978, operates a clearinghouse for ground-water modeling software,
organizes and conducts short-courses and seminars, and conducts a modeling research program
to support the Center's technology transfer and educational activities. Partially supported
through a Cooperative Agreement with EPA's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Labora-
tory^ the Center provides assistance to federal and state agencies and private groups in
organizing and conducting specially designed training programs. The Center's activities focus
on:
Collection and organization of information regarding ground-water models. Data bases
compiled by the Center contain computer codes, test files, and descriptions of ground-
water models.
Distribution and support of ground-water modeling software, including model evaluation,
code acquisition and implementation, code testing, preparation of documentation, and the
development of code support capabilities.
Research and development in ground-water model screening and testing, evaluation of
model uses and needs, software development and improvement, and reviews.
Training and Education to enharice the use of ground-water models by qualified personnel.
The Center offers a comprehensive program of short courses, workshops, and seminars
stressing principles, concepts, theories, and applications of ground-water models.
Individual, computer-interactive training courses are under development.
Brochures, reports, and newsletters intended to expand contacts within the ground-water
management and research community, available on request.
V-9
-------
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 W. St. Clair, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
FTS 684-7531, (513) 569-7531
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in Cincinnati (ECAO-CIN) has developed
ground-water risk assessment methodologies (GRAMs) in support of the Office of Water
regulations for municipal sludge landfill and land application programs (Clean Water Act
§40S(d)). The GRAMs assist in evaluating risks of human exposure from ground-water
contamination resulting from various disposal practices. ECAO-CIN is also developing GRAMs
for the municipal waste combustion programs of the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards and the Office of Solid Waste.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
ECAO-Cincinnati. OH
CHEMICAL MIXTURES
ASSESSMENT GROUP
METHODOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT GROUP
SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS
ASSESSMENT GROUP
V-10
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Exposure Assessment Group
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460
FTS 475-8909, (202) 475-8909
The Exposure Assessment Group (EAG) research program focuses on predicting human
exposure risks from hazardous materials. Current ground-water priorities include:
Characterization of contaminant dispersion in ground water are being evaluated using data
k from recent field experiments to develop a realistic approach to modeling dispersive
transport in exposure assessments.
Criteria for the selection of mathematical models that can be applied to exposure
assessments are being developed. Use of the criteria will help eliminate the use of
inappropriate models for estimating contaminant migration in ground water.
A technical support document is being prepared to help select ground-water fate and
transport models for quick assessments as well as for detailed analyses.
The EAG is conducting experimental studies to investigate the migration characteristics of
concentrated organics in ground water for use in developing two-phase transport models.
v-n
-------
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 W. St. Clair, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
FTS 684-7418, (513) 569-7418
The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) ground-water research
programs, conducted by the Land Pollution Control Division, concentrate on developing methods
to prevent the contamination of ground water by controlling surface pollutant sources. HWERL
research and technical assistance programs fall into three major areas:
Land disposal technology development including research on cover systems, waste leaching,
waste solidification and stabilization, flexible membrane liners, clay soil liners, construc-
tion quality assurance and quality control, expert systems, and "Subtitle D" facility waste
characterization.
Remedial-technology development and technical assistance, including Superfund site and
situation assessments, verification of remedial action design and implementation projects,
development of on-site cleanup and in-situ treatment technologies, development of
personnel protection techniques, and other technical assistance services necessary to
support an increasingly field-oriented program.
Prevention and control of hazardous releases including development of technologies to
allow emergency response personnel to prevent, contain, and clean up hazardous releases,
and development of technologies for the prevention and control of releases from
underground storage tanks.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
HWERL-Cincinnati, OH
ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
DIVISION
THERMAL DESTRUCTION
BRANCH
CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL
DETOXIFICATION BRANCH
LAND POLLUTION CONTROL
DIVISION
CONTAINMENT
BRANCH
RELEASES CONTROL
BRANCH '
V-12
-------
Water Engineering Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 W. St. Clair, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
FTS 684-7951, (513) 569-7951
The Drinking Water Research Division of the Water Engineering Research Laboratory
(WERL) conducts research on new or improved technologies needed for regulating the treatment
of drinking water. This includes laboratory and pilot-scale studies and field-scale evaluations
of processes for removing organic, inorganic, microbial, paniculate, and radionuclide contamin-
ants. Capital, operating, and maintenance costs are compiled for various unit processes and
treatment trains to permit analyses of the cost-effectiveness of proposed systems. Large,
centralized treatment systems, small systems, and individual point-of-entry units are analyzed.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
WERL-Cincinnati. OH
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH DIVISION
PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL
TREATMENT BRANCH
MICROBIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT BRANCH
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
AND TOXICS
TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
CHEMICALS AND
CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS BRANCH
MANUFACTURING AND
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
BRANCH
WASTEWATER
RESEARCH DIVISION
SYSTEMS AND
ENGINEERING
EVALUATION BRANCH
TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT BRANCH
V-13
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3. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CONTACTS BY RESEARCH FACILITY
V-14
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS
Jane Denne
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2655
702-798-2655
Joe D'Lugosz
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2598
702-798-2598
t
Phil Durgin
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2623
702-798-2623
Larry Eccles
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2385
. 702-798-2385
Eric Koglin
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2432
702-798-2432
Aldo Mazzella
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2254
702-798-2254
Charles O. Morgan
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 798-2389
702-798-2389
Ann Pitchford
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2366
702-798-2366
R. Rajagopal
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2358
702-798-2358
Ken Scarbrough
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2645
702-798-2645
Jeff van Ee
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2367
702-798-2367
Well construction
Sampling techniques
Hydrogeology
Soil gas monitoring
Vadose zone monitoring
In-situ monitoring methods
development
Fractured bedrock
Well placement
Geographic Information System
(CIS)
Geophysical methods devel/eval
CERCLA site investigation
Underground injection control
monitoring
Hydrogeology
Data acquisition
Ground-water monitoring methods
standardization/Quality Assurance
Indicator parameters/seasonal variation
Monitoring strategies
Resource management and
economics
Mathematical modeling
Ground-water quality monitoring
systems
Fluid levels in underground
injection wells
Air Force technical support
Underground storage tank external
leak-detection monitoring
V-15
-------
John Worland
Aquatic and Subsurface Monitoring Branch
FTS 545-2656
702-798-2656
Training, technology transfer, and
project management
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
*Lowell Leach
Applications and Assistance Branch
FTS 743-2333
405-332-8800
*Leon Myers
Applications and Assistance Branch
FTS 743-2202
405-332-8800
'Marion (Dick) Scalf
Applications and Assistance Branch
FTS 743-2308
405-332-8800
*Jerry Thornhill
Applications and Assistance Branch
FTS 743-2310
405-332-8800
Bert Bledsoe
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2324
405-332-8800
Dermont Bouchard
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2321
405-332-8800
Don Clark
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2311
405-332-8800
Roger Cosby
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2320
405-332-8800
Subsurface sampling
Land treatment of wastewaters
Underground injection
Monitoring .
Land treatment of hazardous wastes
Technical assistance
Technology transfer
Wellhead protection
Monitoring
Underground injection
Hydrogeological investigations
Inorganic analytical chemistry
Subsurface abiotic processes
Inorganic analytical chemistry
Organic analytical chemistry
"The Applications and Assistance Branch is the focus for technical assistance and tech-
nology transfer in RSKERL. When calling for technical assistance, please first contact the
specialists in the Applications and Assistance Branch (listed first and starred) who will either
answer your questions or direct you to the appropriate researcher.
V-16
-------
William Dunlap
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2314
405-332-8800
Carl Enfield
Subsurface Systems Branch
FTS 743-2334
405-332-8800
Jerry Jones
1 Extramural Activities and Evaluation Branch
FTS 743-2251
405-332-8800
Michael Henson
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2420
405-332-8800
Don Kampbell
Subsurface Systems Branch
FTS 743-2332
405-332-8800
John Matthews
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2233
405-332-8800
James McNabb
Extramural Activities & Evaluation Branch
FTS 743-2216
405-332-8800
Fred Pfeffer
Subsurface Systems Branch
FTS 743-2305
405-332-8800
Marvin Piwoni
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2262
405-332-8800
Thomas Short
Subsurface Systems Branch
FTS 743-2234
405-332-8800
Garmon Smith
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2316
405-332-8800
Transport and fate v organics
Contaminant transpc. t modeling
Underground stora?. tanks
Aquifer restoration
Water chemistry
Anaerobic biotransi rmations
Aquifer restoration
Soil chemistry
Toxicity testing
Land treatment of hazardous wastes
Extramural research management
Aquifer Restoration
Inorganic analytical cb- mis try
Subsurface abiotic processes
Contaminant transport modeling
Organic analytical chemistry
V-17
-------
John Wilson
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2259
405-332-8800
Lynn Wood
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2304
405-332-8800
Marylynn Yates
Subsurface Processes Branch
FTS 743-2236
405-332-8800
Scott Yates
Subsurface Systems Branch
FTS 743-2246
405-332-8800
Subsurface microbiology
In-situ biorestoration
Subsurface abiotic processes
Virus transport
Contaminant transport modeling
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - ATHENS
Leo V. Azarraga
Chemistry Branch
FTS 250-3453
404-546-3453
George W. Bailey
Chemistry Branch
FTS 250-3307
404-546-3307
David S. Brown
Assessment Branch
FTS 250-3310
404-546-3310
Robert F. Carsel
Assessment Branch
FTS 250-3565
404-546-3565
J. Jackson Ellington
Measurements Branch
FTS 250-3197
404-546-3197
Fred F. Fong
Assessment Branch
FTS 250-3210
404-546-3210
Chad T. Jafvert
Chemistry Branch
FTS 250-3349
404-546-3349
Fate of metals
Fate of metals
Metal speciation
Transport and transformation of metals
Model applications
Uncertainty analysis
Hydrolysis rate constants
Chemical transformation rate
measurement
Modeling multiphasic transport in
porous media
Numerical analysis
Pollutant sorption-desorption
V-18
-------
Heinz P. Kollig
Measurements Branch
FTS 250-3770
404-546-3770
John M. McGuire
Measurements Branch
FTS 250-3185
404-546-3185
Lee A. Mulkey
Assessment Branch
FTS 250-3476
404-546-3476
John £. Rogers
Biology Branch
FTS 250-3592
404-546-3592
Charles N. Smith
Assessment Branch
FTS 250-3302
404-546-3302
William C. Steen
Measurements Branch
FTS 250-3776
404-546-3776
Eric J. Weber
Chemistry Branch
FTS 250-3198
404-546-3198
N. Lee Wolfe
Chemistry Branch
FTS 250-3429
404-546-3429
Rate constant data for pollutant-fate
modeling
Multispectral identification of organic
chemicals
Multimedia modeling and
uncertainty analysis
Anaerobic biodegradation processes
Conduct of field studies
Analysis of monitoring data
Aerobic microbial transformation rate
measurement
Pollutant degradation
Pollutant degradation
HOLCOMB RESEARCH INSTITUTE
INTERNATIONAL GROUND WATER MODELING CENTER
Milovan S. Beljin
Senior Research Assistant
317-283-9458
Margaret A. Butorac
Technical Program Assistant
317-283-9458
Aly I. El-Kadi
Research Scientist
317-283-9458
Croundwater models
Software support
Model use
Short course coordination
Newsletter production
Publication & software
distribution
Flow and transport modeling
Stochastic modeling
Training
V-19
-------
Paul K.M. van der Heijde
Director
317-283-9458
Richard E. Rice
Research Scientist
317-283-9458
Stanley A. Williams
Hydrologist
317-283-9458
Groundwater modeling research and
training
Ground-water chemistry
Hydrochemical modeling
Ground-water models
Software support
Model use
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE - CINCINNATI
Randall J.F. Bruins
Systemic Toxicants Assessment Branch
FTS 684-7539
513-569-7539
Larry Fradkin
Systemic Toxicants Assessment Branch
FTS 684-7584
513-569-7584
Ground-water risk assessment
methodologies
Ground-water risk assessment
methodologies
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GROUP
Seong T. Hwang
Exposure Assessment Group
FTS 475-8919
202-475-8919
John Schaum
Exposure Assessment Group
FTS 475-8920
202-475-8920
Fate and transport modeling
Health risk assessment for ground-
water contaminants
Selection of models for exposure
assessment
Analysis of monitoring data
Fate and transport modeling
Health risk assessment for ground-
water contaminants
Selection of models for exposure
assessment
Analysis of monitoring data
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY
Douglas C. Ammon
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7876
513-569-7876
Naomi P. Barkley
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7854
513-569-7854
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility
Study process
.Remedial action costs and modeling
Plume management
Building decontamination
Grouting
V-20
-------
Edwin Earth
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7875
513-569-7875
Michael I. Black
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7664
513-569-7664
John Brugger
k Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6634
201-321-6634
Paul dePercin
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7797
513-569-7797
G. Kenneth Dotson
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7858
513-569-7858
John Farlow
Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6631
201-321-6631
Richard Field
Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6674
210-321-6674
Uwe Frank
Chemistry Staff
FTS 340-6626
201-321-6626
Frank Freestone
Technology Evaluation Staff
FTS 340-6632
201-321-6632
Daniel G. Greathouse
Pollution Control Staff
FTS 684-7859
513-569-7859
Richard Griffiths
Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6629
201-321-6629
Stabilization/fixation
Gas works site
Physical, chemical, biological,
and thermal treatment
Contaminated ground-water control
Volatile emissions
Fugitive dust control
Stabilization/fixation
Soil liners
Underground storage tanks (UST)
hazardous release technology
UST reportable quantity technology
Ground-water hydraulics
Chemical analysis
Soil-water chemistry
On-site technology
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program
Expert systems
Statistical design and analysis
OHMSETT* facility, oil spill
technology
Water chemistry
"Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank.
V-21
-------
Walter G. Grube, Jr.
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7798
513-569-7798
Michael Gruenfeld
Chemistry Staff
FTS 340-6625
201-321-6625
Eugene F. Harris
Land Pollution Control Division
FTS 684-7838
513-569-7838
Robert P. Hartley
Pollution Control Division
FTS 684-7838
513-569-7838
Ronald D. Hill
Land Pollution Control Division
FTS 684-7861
513-569-7861
Robert Hillger
Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6639
201-321-6639
Jonathan G. Herrmann
Pollution Control Staff
FTS 684-7839
513-569-7839
Janet M. Houthoofd
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7863
513-569-7863
Stephen C. James
Land Pollution Control Division
FTS 684-7877
513-569-7877
Robert E. Landreth
Pollution Control Staff
FTS 684-7836
513-569-7836
Norma Lewis
Land Pollution Control Division
FTS 684-7877
513-569-7877
Slurry walls
Soil and admixture liners
Hydraulic conductivity
Chemical analysis
Personnel protection
Soil-water chemistry
Mining sites
Technical Assistance
Large-volume wastes
Covers
Flexible membrane liners
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program
In-Situ Treatment
Underground storage tank
technology
Sorbents
Electrokinetics
Construction QA/QC
Mine storage
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program
Flexible membrane liners
Municipal solid waste
Expert systems
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program
V-22
-------
Ronald F. Lewis
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7856
513-569-7856
Hugh Masters
Technology Evaluation Staff
FTS 340-6678
201-321-6678
Charles J. Moench, Jr.
v Pollution Control Staff
FTS 684-7819
513-569-7819
Charles I. Mashni
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7857
513-569-7857
Edward J. Opatken
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7855
513-569-7855
Mike H. Roulier
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7796
513-569-7796
Michael Royer
Chemistry Staff
FTS 340-6633
201-321-6633
Donald E. Sanning
Remedial Action Staff
FTS 684-7875
513-569-7875
Norbert B. Schomaker
Containment Branch
FTS 684-7871
513-569-7871
Mary Stinson
Technology Evaluation Staff
FTS 340-6683
201-321-6683
Anthony Tafuri
Technology Development Staff
FTS 340-6604
201-321-6604
Biodegradation technology
Soil contamination
UST canine olfaction technology
Technical Information Exchange
(TIX)
Municipal solid waste leaching
Municipal solidwsate combustion
residue
Hazardous waste leachates
Thermoplastics
Ion exchange
Leachate treatment
Soil liners
Waste leaching
Personnel protection
Remedial action
Uncontrolled sites
In-situ treatment
Hazardous waste land disposal
Municipal solid waste
Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program
UST technology
In-situ treatment processes
V-23
-------
Richard Traver
Technology Evaluation Staff
FTS 340-6677
201-321-6677
Ira Wilder
Releases Control Branch
FTS 340-6635
201-321-6635
Carlton C. Wiles
Pollution Assessment Staff
FTS 684-7795
513-569-7795
James Yezzi, Jr.
Technology Evaluation Staff
FTS 340-6703
201-321-6703
Mobile, on-site, in-situ treatment
technology
Waste site hazardous releases
Solidification, stabilization, fixation,
and encapsulation
Surface impoundments
Municipal solid wastes
Mobile treatment technology
WATER ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY
Robert M. Clark
Director, Drinking Water Research Division
FTS 684-7201
513-569-7201
Walter A. Feige
Drinking Water Research Division
FTS 684-7496
513-569-7496
Kim R. Fox
Inorganics and Paniculate Control Branch
FTS 684-7820
513-569-7820
Carol Ann Fronk
Organics Control Branch
FTS 684-7592
513-569-7592
James A. Goodrich
Systems and Cost Evaluation Staff
FTS 684-7605
513-569-7605
Richard P. Lauch
Inorganics and Particulate Control Branch
FTS 684-7237
513-569-7237
Benjamin W. Lykins, Jr.
Systems and Cost Evaluation Staff
FTS 684-7460
513-569-7460
Treatment technology cost
estimation
Organic treatment processes
Radionuclide treatment processes
Organic treatment processes
Modeling
Radium and nitrate treatment
processes
Organic treatment processes
V-24
-------
Richard Miltner
Organics Control Branch
FTS 684-7403
513-569-7403
Thomas J. Sorg
Inorganics and Particulate Control Branch
FTS 684-7370
513-569-7370
Organic treatment processes
Inorganic treatment processes
V-25
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4. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CONTACTS BY SUBJECT
V-26
-------
Subiect
Name
Office
FTC
Commercial
Aquifer restoration
Biodegradation
In-situ
Biodegradation
John Wilson
Michael Henson
Jerry Jones
James McNabb
Ron Lewis
John Wilson
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
HWERL
RSKERL
743-2259
743-2420
743-2251
743-2216
684-7856
743-2259
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
513-569-7856
405-332-8800
Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Inorganic
Organic
Chemical analysis
Multispectral
Ground-water
Soil chemistry
Soil-water chemistry
Transformation rates
Water chemistry
Bert Bledsoe
Don Clark
Fred Pfeffer
Roger Cosby
Gannon Smith
Uwe Frank
Michael Gruenfeld
John McGuire
Richard Rice
Don Kampbell
Uwe Frank
Michael Gruenfeld
Jack Ellington
Heinz Kollig
Richard Griffiths
Jerry Jones
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
HWERL
HWERL
ERL-Ath
IGWMC
RSKERL
HWERL
HWERL
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
HWERL
RSKERL
743-2324
743-2311
743-2305
743-2320
743-2316
340-6626
340-6625
250-3185
743-2332
340-6626
340-6625
250-3197
250-3770
340-6629
743-2251
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
201-321-6626
201-321-6625
404-546-3185
317-283-9458
405-332-8800
201-321-6626
201-321-6625
404-546-3210
404-546-3770
201-321-6629
405-332-8800
Control of Contaminated
ground water
John Brugger
HWERL 340-6634 201-321-6634
Contaminant source control
Covers
Construction QA/QC
Gas works site
Flexible membrane
liners
Fugitive dust control
Hazardous waste land
disposal
Mining sites
Municipal solid waste
Slurry walls
Soil liners
Underground Storage
Tanks (UST)
Robert Hartley
Jonathan G. Herrmann
Michael Black
Robert Hartley
Robert Landreth
Paul dePercin
Norbert Schomaker
Eugene Harris
Robert Landreth
Charles Moench, Jr.
Norbert Schomaker
Walter Grube, Jr.
G. Kenneth Dotson
Walter Grube, Jr.
Mike Roulier
John Farlow
Richard Field
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
684-7838
684-7839
684-7664
684-7838
684-7836
684-7797
684-7871
684-7838
684-7836
684-7819
684-7871
684-7798
684-7858
684-7798
684-7796
340-6631
340-6674
513-569-7838
513-569-7839
513-569-7664
513-569-7838
513-569-7836
513-569-7797
513-569-7871
513-569-7838
513-569-7836
513-569-7857
513-569-7871
513-569-7798
513-569-7858
513-569-7798
513-569-7796
201-321-6631
210-321-6674
V-27
-------
Subject
Name
Office.
FTS
Commercial
Contaminant source control (Cont.)
Robert Hillger HWERL 340-6639
Anthony Tafuri HWERL 340-6604
Jerry Jones RSKERL 743-2251
canine olfaction Hugh Masters HWERL 340-6678
Waste leaching Mike Roulier HWERL 684-7796
Wastewater land treatment Lowell Leach RSKERL 743-2333
Volatile emissions Paul dePercin HWERL 684-7797
201-321-6639
201-321-6604
405-332-8800
201-321-6678
513-569-7796
405-332-8800
513-569-7797
Fate of contaminants
Anaerobic
biodegradation
biotransformations
Degradation
Metals
Metals speciation
Organics
Pesticide field
studies
Sorption/desorption
.John Rogers
Michael Henson
Eric Weber
N. Lee Wolfe
Bert Bledsoe
Leo Azarraga
George Bailey
David Brown
William Dunlap
Charles Smith
Chad Jafvert
ERL-Ath
RSKERL
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
RSKERL
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
RSKERL
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
250-3592
743-2420
250-3198
250-3429
743-2324
250-3453
250-3307
250-3310
743-2314
250-3302
250-3349
404-546-3592
405-332-8800
404-546-3198
404-546-3429
405-332-8800
404-546-3453
404-546-3307
404-546-3310
405-332-8800
404-546-3302
404-546-3349
Geographic Information
System
Eric Koglin
EMSL-LV 545-2432 702-798-2432
Ground-water hydraulics
Hydraulic
conductivity
Richard Field
Walter Grube Jr.
HWERL 340-6674 210-321-6674
HWERL 684-7798 513-569-7798
Hydrogeology
Joe D'Lugosz
Jerry Thornhill
Charles Morgan
EMSL-LV 545-2598 702-798-2598
RSKERL 743-2310 405-332-8800
EMSL-LV 545-2389 702-798-2389
Hydrolysis rate constants
J.J. Ellington
ERL-Ath 250-3197 404-546-3197
Injection wells
Monitoring
Lowell Leach
Jerry Thornhill
Aldo Mazzella
Ken Scarbrough
RSKERL 743-2333 405-332-8800
RSKERL 743-2310 405-332-8800
EMSL-LV 545-2254 702-798-2254
EMSL-LV 545-2645 702-798-2645
International Ground Water
Modeling Center
Courses, publications
Software support
Margaret Butorac
Milovan Beljin
Stanley Williams
IGWMC
IGWMC
IGWMC
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
V-28
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Subject
Name
Office
FTS
Commercial
Large-Volume Wastes
Eugene Harris
HWERL 684-7862 513-569-7862
Microbiology
John Wilson
RSKERL 743-2259 405-332-8800
Mining
S. Jackson Hubbard HWERL 684-7502 513-569-7502
Modeling
Applications
Contaminant fate
treatment
transport
porous media
Exposure assessment
Flow and transport
Hydrochemical
Mathematical
Model use
Multimedia
Research
Pollutant rate constants
Stochastic
Training
Monitoring
Analysis of data
CERCLA site investigation
Data acquisition
Fractured bedrock
Indicator parameters
Injection wells
In-situ methods
Geophysical methods
Method standards/QA
Sampling techniques
Soil Gas
Douglas Ammon
Milovan Beljin
Stanley Williams
Robert Carsel
Seong Hwang
John Schaum
James Goodrich
Carl Enfield
Seong Hwang
John Schaum
Thomas Short
Scott Yates
Fred Fong
Seong Hwang
John Schaum
Aly I. El-Kadi
Richard Rice
R. Rajagopal
Fred Fong
Milovan Beljin
Stanley Williams
Lee Mulkey
Paul van der Heijde
Heinz Kollig
Aly I. El-Kadi
Aly I. El-Kadi
Paul van der Heijde
Lowell Leach
Seong Hwang
John Schaum
Charles Smith
Aldo Mazzella
Charles Morgan
Eric Koglin
Anne Pitchford
Aldo Mazzella
Ken Scarbrough
Larry Eccles
Aldo Mazzella
Ann Pitchford
Jane Denne
Marion (Dick) Scalf
Phil Durgin
HWERL
IGWMC
IGWMC
ERL-Ath
EAG
EAG
WERL
RSKERL
EAG
EAG
RSKERL
RSKERL
ERL-Ath
EAG
EAG
IGWMC
IGWMC
EMSL-LV
ERL-Ath
IGWMC
IGWMC
ERL-Ath
IGWMC
ERL-Ath
IGWMC
IGWMC
IGWMC
RSKERL
EAG
EAG
ERL-Ath
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
RSKERL
EMSL-LV
684-7876
250-3565
475-8919
475-8920
684-7605
743-2334
475-8919
475-8920
743-2234
743-2246
250-3210
475-8919
475-8920
545-2358
250-3210
250-3476
250-3770
743-2333
475-8919
475-8920
250-3302
545-2254
545-2389
545-2432
545-2366
545-2254
545-2645
545-2385
545-2254
545-2366
545-2655
743-2308
545-2623
513-569-7876
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
404-546-3565
202-475-8919
202-475-8920
513-569-7605
405-332-8800
202-475-8919
202-475-8920
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
404-546-3210
202-475-8919
202-475-8920
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
702-798-2358
404-546-3210
312-283-9458
317-283-9458
404-546-3476
317-283-9458
404-546-3770
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
317-283-9458
405-332-8800
202-475-8919
202-475-8920
404-546-3302
702-798-2254
702-798-2389
702-798-2432
702-798-2366
702-798-2254
702-798-2645
702-798-2385
702-798-2254
702-798-2366
702-798-2655
405-332-8800
702-798-2623
V-29
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Subject
Name
Office
FTS
Commercial
Monitoring (Cont.)
Systems
Technology transfer
UST external leak
detection
Vadose Zone
Well construction
Well placement
R. Rajagopal
John Worland
Jeff van Ee
Larry Eccles
Jane Denne
Eric Koglin
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
EMSL-LV
545-2358
545-2656
545-2367
545-2385
545-2655
545-2432
702-798-2358
702-798-2656
702-798-2367
702-798-2385
702-798-2655
702-798-2432
Oil & Hazardous Materials
Simulated Environ. Test Tank
Richard Griffiths
HWERL 340-6629 201-321-6629
Pesticides
Field studies
Charles Smith
ERL-Ath 250-3302 404-546-3302
Remedial action
Biodegradation
Building decontamination
Electrokinetics
In-situ treatment
Mobile
Ion exchange
Land treatment of
hazardous wastes
Leachate treatment
Mine storage
Oil spill technology
On-site technology
Personnel protection
Plume management
Construction QA/QC
Soil contamination
Sorbents
Stabilization/
fixation
Technical information
Exchange
Thermoplastics
Treatment
Uncontrolled sites
Waste site releases
Douglas Ammon
Donald Sanning
John Wilson
Ronald Lewis
Naomi Barkley
Jonathan Herrmann
Ronald Hill
Donald Sanning
Richard Traver
James Yezzi, Jr.
Edward Opatken
John Matthews
Leon Myers
Edward Opatken
Janet Houthoofd
Richard Griffiths
Frank Freestone
Michael Gruenfeld
Michael Royer
Naomi Barkley
Jonathan Herrmann
Ronald Lewis
Paul dePercin
Jonathan Herrmann
Edwin Barth
Janet Houthoofd
Charles Mashni
Carlton Wiles
Hugh Masters
Edward Opatken
John Brugger
John Wilson
Donald Sanning
Ira Wilder
HWERL
HWERL
RSKERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
RSKERL
HWERL
HWERL
684-7876
684-7875
743-2259
684-7856
684-7854
684-7863
684-7861
684-7875
340-6677
340-6703
684-7855
743-2233
743-2202
684-7855
684-7863
340-6629
340-6632
340-6625
340-6633
684-7854
684-7839
684-7856
684-7797
684-7839
684-7875
684-7863
684-7857
684-7795
340-6678
684-7855
340-6634
743-2259
684-7875
340-6635
513-569-7876
513-569-7875
405-332-8800
513-569-7856
513-569-7854
513-569-7863
513-569-7861
513-569-7875
201-321-6677
201-321-6703
513-569-7855
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
513-569-7855
513-569-7863
201-321-6629
201-321-6632
201-321-6625
201-321-6633
513-569-7854
513-569-7839
513-569-7856
513-569-7797
513-569-7839
513-569-<7875
513-569-7863
513-569-7857
513-569-7795
210-321-6678
513-569-7855
201-321-6634
405-332-8800
513-569-7875
201-321-6635
V-30
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Subiect
Name
Office
FTS
Commercial
Rate constants
Heinz Kollig
ERL-Ath 250-3770 404-546-3770
Resource management/economics R. Rajagopal
EMSL-LV 545-2358 702-798-2358
Risk assessment
» Health
Randall Bruins
Larry Fradkin
Seong Hwang
John Schaum
ECAO-CIN 684-7539 513-569-7539
ECAO-CIN 684-7584 513-569-7584
EAG 475-8919 202-475-8919
EAG 475-8920 202-475-8920
SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program)
Frank Freestone HWERL 340-6632
Ronald Hill HWERL 684-7861
Stephen James HWERL 684-7877
Norma Lewis HWERL 684-7877
Mary Stinson HWERL 340-6683
201-321-6632
513-569-7861
513-569-7877
513-569-7877
201-321-6683
Soil chemistry
Don Kampbell
RSKERL 743-2332 405-332-8800
Soil-water chemistry
Statistical design
and analysis
Uwe Frank HWERL 340-6626 201-321-6626
Michael Gruenfeld HWERL 340-6625 201-321-6625
Daniel Greathouse HWERL 684-7859 201-569-7859
Subsurface abiotic processes
Dermont Bouchard
Marvin Piwoni
Lynn Wood
RSKERL 743-2321 405-332-8800
RSKERL 742-2262 405-332-8800
RSKERL 743-2304 405-332-8800
Subsurface microbiology
Subsurface sampling
John Wilson
Jane Denne
Lowell Leach
RSKERL 743-2259 405-332-8800
EMSL-LV 545-2655 702-798-2655
RSKERL 743-2333 405-332-8800
Testing for toxicity
John Mathews
RSKERL 743-2233 405-332-8800
Transport of contaminants
Metals
Modeling
porous media
Organics
Viruses
David Brown
Carl Enfield
Thomas Short
Scott Yates
Fred Fong
William Dunlap
Marylynn Yates
ERL-Ath
RSKERL
RSKERL
RSKERL
ERL-Ath
RSKERL
RSKERL
250-3310
743-2334
743-2234
743-2246
250-3210
743-2314
743-2236
404-546-3310
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
404-546-3210
405-332-8800
405-332-8800
V-31
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Subiect
Name
Office
FTS
Commercial
Treatment
Inorganic processes
In- situ biorestoration
Modeling
Nitrate processes
Organic processes
Radionuclides
Radium processes
Technology costs
Uncertainty analysis
Underground Storage Tanks
Tank leakage
Canine olfaction
John Brugger
Thomas Sorg
John Wilson
James Goodrich
Richard Lauch
Walter Feige
Carol Ann Fronk
Benjamin Lykins, Jr.
Richard Miltner
Kim Fox
Richard Lauch
Robert Clark
Robert Carsel
Lee Mulkey
(UST)
John Farlow
Richard Field
Robert Hillger
Anthony Tafuri
Jerry Jones
Hugh Masters
HWERL
WERL
RSKERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ERL-Ath
ERL-Ath
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
HWERL
RSKERL
HWERL
340-6634
684-7370
743-2259
684-7605
684-7237
684-7496
684-7592
684-7460
684-7403
684-7820
684-7237
684-7201
250-3565
250-3476
340-6631
340-6674
340-6639
340-6604
743-2251
340-6678
201-321-6634
513-569-7370
405-332-8800
513-569-7605
513-569-7237
513-569-7496
513-569-7592
513-569-7460
513-569-7403
513-569-7820
513-569-7237
513-569-7201
404-546-3565
404-546-3476
201-321-6631
210-321-6674
201-321-6639
201-321-6604
405-332-8800
201-321-6678
External leak
detection monitoring
Jeff van Ee
EMSL-LV 545-2367 702-798-2367
Wellhead Protection
Marion (Dick) Scalf RSKERL 743-2308 405-332-8800
V-32
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5. PROGRAM OFFICE AND REGIONAL OFFICE CONTACTS
V-34
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OFFICE OF WATER
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
Franfoise Brasier Underground Injection Control
Land Disposal Restrictions Task Force (UIC)
FTS 382-5508
202-382-5508
OFFICE OF GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
Nofbert Dee Ground-Water Protection Strategy
Data Management and Research Liaison Staff
FTS 382-7077
202-382-7077
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
Jeanette Hansen RCRA Monitoring Requirements
Permits and State Programs Division
FTS 382-4754
202-382-4754
Amy Mills RCRA Monitoring Requirements
Permits and State Programs Division
FTS 382-3298, -2224
202-382-3298, -2224
James Bachmaier RCRA Regulations/Technical
Waste Management Division Guidance Documents
FTS 382-4679
202-382-4679
Vernon Meyers RCRA Regulations/Technical
Waste Management Division Guidance Documents
FTS 382-4685
202-382-4685
Zubair Saleem Ground-Water Modeling
Characterization and Assessment Division
FTS 382-4809
202-382-4809
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
Philip D. Jalbert CERCLA Ground-Water Coordinator
Policy and Analysis Staff
FTS 382-2865
202-382-2865
Marlene Berg
Hazardous Site Control Division Superfund Remedial Analysis
FTS 382-2339
202-382-2339
V-35
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Paul M. Beam
Hazardous Site Control Division
FTS 475-8106
202-475-8106
Discovery and Investigation,
Monitoring Well Construction
OFFICE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Richard Valentinetti
Corrective Actions Staff
FTS 382-4758
202-382-4758
Underground Storage Tanks
OFFICE OF WASTE PROGRAMS ENFORCEMENT
Ron G. Wilhelm
Technical Support Branch
FTS 382-4847
202-382-4847
Kenneth Jennings
Guidance and Evaluation Branch
FTS 475-9374
202-475-9374
CERCLA Enforcement
RCRA Enforcement
Technical Enforcement Guidance
Document
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
Stephen L. Johnson
Hazard Evaluation Division
FTS 557-7695
202-557-7695
Matthew Lorber
Evaluation Division
FTS 557-7328
202-557-7328
Catherine Eiden
Hazard Evaluation Division
FTS 557-5734
202-557-2243
Science Advisor
Pesticides Ground-Water Team Hazard
Leader
Pesticides Exposure Assessment
Karen Hammerstrom
Exposure Evaluation Division
FTS 382-3922
202-382-3922
Annett Nold
Exposure Evaluation Division
FTS 382-3930
202-382-3930
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TSCA Ground-Water Coordinator
TSCA Ground-Water Modeling
V-36
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Loren Hall TSCA Data Bases
Exposure Evaluation Division
FTS 382-3931
202-382-3931
REGION I
Environmental Protection Agency
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, MA 02203
i
Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont
George Furst RCRA
Waste Management Division
Massachusetts Waste Management Branch
FTS 223-1926
617-223-1926
David Lang CERCLA
Waste Management Division
VT, RI, and NH Waste Management Branch
FTS 835-3662
617-565-3662
Joeseph N. DeCola Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
Office of Ground Water Protection
FTS 835-3599
617-565-3599
Ray Tompson Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Surveillance Branch
FTS 861-6700
617-861-6700
REGION II
Environmental Protection Agency
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands
Charles Anderson RCRA
Air and Waste Management Division
Hazardous Waste Compliance Branch
FTS 264-6143
212-264-6143
Grant Kimmel CERCLA
Emergency and Remedial Response Division
FTS 264-7364
212-264-7364
V-37
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John Malleck Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
Office of the Ground-Water Coordinator
FTS 264-5635
202-264-5635
Louis DiGuardia Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Surveillance and Monitoring Branch
FTS 340-6612
201-321-6612
REGION III
Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia
Frank Quirus RCRA
Hazardous Waste Management Division
Waste Management Branch
FTS 597-3176
215-597-3176
Mindi B. Snoparsky CERCLA
Hazardous Waste Management Division
Superfund Branch
FTS 597-1268
215-597-1268
Tom Merski Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
Water Supply Branch
FTS 597-2786
215-597-2786 "
Gary Bryant Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Wheeling Field Office
304-233-1271
REGION IV
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina
Michael Arnette RCRA
Waste Management Division
Residuals Management Branch
FTS 257-3433
404-347-3433
V-38
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John Mann CERCLA
Waste Management Division
Emergency and Remedial Response Branch
FTS 257-2643
404-347-3433
Gail Mitchell Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
FTS 257-3866
i 404-347-3866
Donald Hunter Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Compliance Branch
FTS 250-5414
404-546-5414
REGION V
Environmental Protection Agency
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin
Richard Traub RCRA
Waste Management Division
Solid Waste Branch
FTS 886-6136
312-886-6136
Greg Vanderlaan CERCLA
Waste Management Division
Emergency and Remedial Response Branch
FTS 886-6217
312-886-6217
Jerri-Anne Garl Ground-Water Protection
Water Division
Office of Ground Water
FTS 886-1490
312-886-1490
John McGuire Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Central District Office
FTS 353-2704
312-353-2704
V-39
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REGION VI
Environmental Protection Agency
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, TX 75270
Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas
Deborah Vaughn-Wright RCRA
Hazardous Waste Management Division
Hazardous Waste Compliance Branch
FTS 255-6790
214-655-6790
Ruth Izraeli CERCLA
Hazardous Waste Management Division
Superfund Enforcement Branch
FTS 255-6735
2J4-655-6735
Clay Chesney Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
FTS 255-7160
214-655-7160
Michael Michaud Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Surveillance Branch
FTS 255-6491
214-655-6491
REGION VII
Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska
Richard Young RCRA
Waste Management Division
RCRA Branch
FTS 757-2891
913-236-2891
Kerry Herndon CERCLA
Waste Management Division
Superfund Branch
FTS 757-2856
913-236-2856
J. Patrick Costello Ground Water Protection
Water Management Division
Office of Groundwater Protection
FTS 757-2815
913-236-2815
V-40
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Robert Dona Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Monitoring and Compliance Branch
FTS 757-3884
913-236-3884
REGION VIII
Environmental Protection Agency
One Denver Place
999 18th Street
i Suite 1300
Denver, CO 80202
Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming
Donald Shosky RCRA
. Waste Management Division
Hazardous Waste Branch
FTS 564-1642
303-293-1642
Paula Schmittdiel CERCLA
Waste Management Division
Superfund Remedial Branch
FTS 564-1518
303-293-1518
Richard R. Long Ground-Water Protection
Water Management Division
Office of Ground-Water Protection
FTS 564-1542
303-293-1542
Marshall Payne Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Surveillance Branch
FTS 776-5064
303-236-5064
REGION IX
Environmental Protection Agency
215 Freemont Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Arizona California Guam Hawaii Nevada
Hannibal Joma RCRA
Toxics and Waste Management Division
Waste Programs Branch
FTS 454-8926
415-974-8926
V-41
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Keith Takada
Toxics and Waste Management Division CERCLA
Superfund Programs Branch
FTS 454-8910
415-974-8910
Patricia Eklund Ground -Water Protection
Water Management Division
Office of Ground-Water Protection
FTS 454-0831
415-974-0831
Peter Rubenstein Field Services
Toxics and Waste Management Division
Field Operations Branch
FTS 454-0307
415-974-0307
REGION X
Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington
Paul Day RCRA
Hazardous Waste Division CERCLA
Waste Management Branch
FTS 399-2867
206-442-2867
Matthew Gubitosa Ground-Water Protection
Water Division
Office of Ground-Water Protection
FTS 399-1219
206-442-1219
Rene Fuentes Field Services
Environmental Services Division
Field Operations & Technical Support Branch
FTS 399-1599
206-442-1599
U s Environmental
Reoion 5, Library (PL-**--/
77W|acksoncBoulevard,12th
Chicago, It
V-42
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