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• removes the need for sampling at each source individually,
provides a method for self verification, and
does not produce unrealizable extrapolation of results beyond the fenceline.
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TAGA mobile monitoring provides an exceptional database for locating and evaluating sources
because each datum is supported by an adjacent datum (2.25 seconds apart); this not only provides a
quantity at a specific geographic location but allows for the determination, in a Lagrangian sense, of
where that geographic position is located within the plume. The tandem use of modeling and TAGA
mobile monitoring provides an excellent method for evaluating impacts from sites with numerous
After all of the sources were identified and their emissions quantified, the impact on receptors within
the neighborhood were estimated. The concentrations estimated by this procedure were then com-
pared to those collected by the TAGA during later sampling runs. The predicted average concentra-
tion across the plume was within ±5 percent of the plume-averaged TAGA values and the predicted
peak concentrations were underestimated by 25 percent. These values fall well within acceptable val-
ues for modeling.
The TAGA data revealed concentration distributions skewed in manners which implied that the cross
sections of the plumes were taken from several angles. Each plume's cross section was then separat-
ed and compared against concentrations calculated by the model. The potential sources whose pre-
dicted concentrations did not correlate to the observed concentrations were disregarded. The emis-
sion rates of those that showed good correlation were scaled to produce receptor concentrations simi-
lar to those observed by the TAGA.
Mobile monitoring was conducted using the Sciex™ Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA)
6000E, a mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (MS/MS). The TAGA collected and determined the
concentrations of selected VOCs at 2.25 second intervals during mobile monitoring at the receptors of
interest. This report will focus on the detection and dispersion of vinyl chloride/1 ,2-dichloroelhane.
The modeling employs the Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) because of its iterative area source algorithm
and its versatlhty to evaluate impacts of paniculate or vaporous emissions. Emissions from the poten-
tial sources were unitized in order to estimate their relative impact on the downwind receptors.
quent monitonng runs.
toring and modeling provides an accurate account of each source's contribution to the ambient air
quality using data received dunng imual monitonng runs and confirms the results provided by subse-
A receptor modeling procedure has been developed in conjunction with mobile monitoring to identify
and quantify emissions from sites with several potential sources. The characterization of these
sources allows for the evaluation of the impact of their emissions. The combination of mobile moni-
Gregory M. Torus, Scott A. Wagaman, David B. Mickunas, Mark Bernick, Roy F. Weston, IncJREAC,
and Rodney Turpin, U.S EPAIERT, 2890 Woodbridge Ave., Edison, NJ 08837-3679
MOBILE MONITORING TO IDENTIFY SOURCES AND EVALUATE IMPACT:
A RECEPTOR MODELING STUDY USING THE TAGA 6000E
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In this paper we will discuss in detail the fiber optic chemical sens
advantages and disadvantages over the existing technology, and th
instruments in the laboratory and the field will also be discussed.
ior (FOCS™) technolog
ie performance of the pi
g 2.
a. g-
Both the PetroSense® PHA 100 and the PetroSense* CMS 5000 u
(FOCS™) technology. The refractive index of a propnetary coatm
modified by the presence of hydrocarbons. This modification resu
a photo detector. The change in the light signal is proportional lo
presenl in waler or air. The fiber is housed in a probe which also <
is rugged and water proof.
se fiber optic chemical
ig on the side of an opti
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the concentration of hyi
contains the electronics,
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The PetroSense* Portable Hydrocarbon Analyzer (PHA 100) and 1
continuous monitoring, are instruments which can detect the preso
waler as well as detect hydrocarbons in ihe air. They allow the usi
hydrocarbon levels presenl. They can also measure ihe progress o
[he PelroSense* CMS 5
nee of hydrocarbons dis
er to obtain real lime in
f any remediauon that i
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Due lo the ever increasing pollution created by hydrocarbon slorag
rapid sensing results, and low cost field instrumentation. The infoi
tation needs lo be real time, accurate and rebable. This informalio
besl possible results.
,e and transport, there is
[malion acquired by the
n should be obtained in
g. 5' "
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Devinder P. Saini, Roger H'unka, and Stan Klainer, FCI Environm
B, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119
ental, 1181 Grier Drive
to
1
4
FIBER OPTIC CHEMICAL SENSOR (FOCS™) TECH
DETECTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN AIR AND DI
PETROSENSE* PORTABLE HYDROCARBON ANA!
THE PETROSENSE* CMS 5000
INOLOGY FOR Tl
SSOLVED IN WAI
LYZER (PHA 100)
*%*
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USE OF FIELD SCREENING TO DELINEATE A LOW-LEVEL GROUND-
WATER PLUME OF ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Michael J. Gunderson, Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program, Martin Marietta Energy
Systems, Inc , Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Nelson M. Breton, ABB Environmental Services, Inc., Portland,
Maine, Edward L Pesce, National Guard Bureau, Otis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts
During routine groundwater sampling of monitoring wells downgradlent of a groundwater extraclion
system under conslrucuon at the Massachusells Military Reservation, trace levels of elhylene dibro-
mide (EDB) were discovered in one moniloring well. The groundwaler exlraclion system was
designed to contain a chlorinated solvent (predominantly dichloroelhylene, irichloroelhylene, and
telrachloroelhylene) plume. The occurrence of EDB was not anlicipated and had only recently been
added as a contaminant of concern for ongoing Base investigations. Because of its low slate regulato-
ry limit in groundwaler (0.02 ug/L) and potential impact on the location of the extraclion system, a
iwo-phased field screening approach was undertaken lo confirm ihe presence/absence and exlenl of
EDB. The initial field effort consisted of sampling and analysis of existing wells to confirm the
detection and determine if an upgradient source could be identified.
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compounds (VOCs). The sampling confirmed Ihe EDB previously detected; however, other EDB
analytical results were negauve at a detection limit of 0.01 ug/L. Wilh regulalory concurrence, an
invesugalion to determine the exlenl of the EDB contamination in the vicinity of the extraction sys-
tem and potential impact on design was undertaken. The investigation relied on screened hollow-
stem auger sampling of groundwaler at discrete inlervals with on-site analysis of EDB and VOCs
(modified EPA Methods 504 and 8010/8020). The deteclion hmil for EDB was 0.005 ug/L.
Conflrmalion samples (10% of lolal screening samples) were collected and submitted to a fixed-base
laboratory (EPA Methods 504 and 8010/8020) lo support the field screening data. Construction of
the extraction system was delayed during the investigation. Eight deep (i.e., approximalely 200 ft)
screened auger borings were sampled at ten fl intervals lo delineate ihe extent of the EDB and VOC
contamination and lo determine ils relationship lo ihe chlorinated solvent plume targeted for
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Both methods are compared using natural
oils at a range of concentrations. In addit
pies were analyzed by both techniques in
presented will include the range of compc
method. Matrix effects and interferences
lion techniques will be discussed.
soils (sand, high organic, a
ion, actual environmental s;
replicate and results were s
Hinds applicable for therma
as well as extraction effect!
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The noted advantages of thermal extractio
analysis lime. Wilh an flame ionization di
extraction device, analysis and extraction
ed compounds due lo Iransfer or solvent n
chtomatogram, or thermogram, is created
lion lo potentially classify petroleum cont
n are extraction without sol
elector (FID) connected as
are completed as a single O]
eduction. Through this fon
which provides qualitative
aminated soils.
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New Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH)
and possible elimination of chlorinated sol
analytical standards for precision, accurac;
This paper investigates the use of thermal
method to ihe freon extraction followed bj
methodologies are evolvin
vents. New techniques mu
Y, and extraction efficiency
extraction and flame ioniza
t IR analysis for soils, (met
Cc. „ VJ 50
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Paulene Roberts, Charles Henry, Doug Ki
Environmental Studies, 42 Atkinson Hall, t
*Ruska Laboratories, Inc., 360] Dunvale,
ng* Ray Warden* and Ed
Louisiana State University,
Houston, TX 77063
H
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COMPARISON OF IR AND THES
RECOVERABLE PETROLEUM U
tMAL EXTRACTION
IYDROCARBON AN^
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Syslems and Technolo,
h W. Brown, US. Env
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ID 83415-2213
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es E. Pollard, Lockheed Environm
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al Engineering Laboratory, Idaho ,
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1 Protection Agency (EPA) continu
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s, Nevada (EMSL-LV) has sponso:
peclrofluorometer. This paper des
rapidly analyzed mixed pdycyclic
locations with suspected PAH conl
;ynchronous fluorescence mode of
xcellent "spectral separation", shoi
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Efforts to develop methods for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (
environmental samples which do not require the use of toxic or hazardous organic solver
ing. Alternate approaches include the use of supercritical fluid solvents such as carbon d
organic solvents other than the freons.
We have developed a new technology which includes sample collection, concentration, s
desired) and analysis steps necessary for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbon ca
ous samples. No organic solvents are necessary lo practice this technology, and sample
be automated for use in the field or for laboratory analysis. Analyses have been perform
carbon mixtures in water which contain carbon lengths up to tetradecane at individual cc
centrations in the low parts-per-million range.
The results of these analyses compare favorably with standard methods currently used f(
ses of water samples.
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLVENT-FREE APPROACH FOR THE
MINATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON IN WATER PETROL
HYDROCARBONS; WATER ANALYSIS
D. Ehntholl, 1. Bodek and E. Miseo, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 15 Acorn Park, Cambridge, M
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