Protecting Drinking Water
Through Underground
Injection Control
Drinking Water Pocket Guide #2
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
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Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (4606-M)
EPA816-K-02-001
www. epa. g ov/safe water
January 2002
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Contents
Importance of Drinking Water 1
Safe Drinking Water Act (UIC Related Sections) 3
Key Concepts 5
SDWA UIC Program Principles 6
EPA Injection Well Classification System 7
UIC Historical Timeline 8
The Five Pathways of Contamination 9
Class I-V wells 11
Class V Rule 21
EPA UIC Strategic Program Priorities 23
UIC Program Implementation Milestones 24
Importance of UIC Program to source water and other watershed activities 25
Did you know? 26
Glossary 27
Agencies Responsible for Implementing the UIC Program 30
Contacts 31
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater i
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Importance of Drinking Water
Water is our most vital resource. It is
essential for life. Eighty-seven percent of the
earth is covered by water. Most water fit
for drinking is frozen in glaciers. The remain-
ing fresh water is largely found below our
feet in aquifers. More than 90 percent of all
public drinking water systems rely on water
found in aquifers to supply the population
with drinking water. Aquifers also supply
water for agriculture, feed our lakes, and
provide recharge to our streams and rivers.
In addition, millions of Americans living in
rural areas rely on private wells. Protecting
this resource from source to tap is essen-
tial to the health of the public and the eco-
nomic health of communities.
Distribution of Water on Earth
Lakes and Rivers
Other
Ground
Water
22%
Icecaps,
Glaciers,
and
Inland
Seas
77%
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At the same time, Americans generate large amounts of waste fluids. More than 750 billion
gallons of hazardous and non-hazardous fluids are disposed of safely through underground injection.
The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program insures that these fluids are disposed of safely
and cost effectively while fulfilling our mission to protect underground sources of drinking water
(USDWs) from contamination by regulating the location, construction, operation and closure of
injection wells. This booklet outlines UIC Program basics and the minimum federal requirements
for an effective UIC Program.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Safe Drinking Water Act (UIC Related
Sections of the SDWA require the EPA to provide safeguards so that injection wells do not endan-
ger current and future USDWs.
Section Description
1421 Identifies what state regulations must include - Sets out the framework for
the minimum federal requirements that states will have to meet in order to have
primary enforcement for the UIC Program. Regulations must contain minimum
requirements for effective programs (e.g., inspection, monitoring and record-
keeping) to prevent underground injection that endangers underground sources
of drinking water.
1422 Outlines the process for state primary enforcement applications - including
timelines, and public participation requirements. If a state does not assume
primacy, EPA will assume direct implementation responsibility. This section also
allows tribes to assume primary enforcement authority.
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1423 Sets forth enforcement of the program - Civil and criminal actions are described,
including the amount of any penalty levied.
1425 Describes optional demonstrations a state may make for the portion of the
UIC program relating to oil and natural gas operations - Allows EPA approval
of existing state oil and gas programs if the state can show that the program is
effective in preventing endangerment of drinking water sources.
1426 Requires the Administrator to determine the applicability of monitoring
methods - and calls for EPA to submit a Report to Congress for Class V wells.
The Report to Congress required information on Class V inventory, well types,
design and construction recommendations and risks associated with wastes
discharged.
1431 Authorizes emergency powers for EPA - to take action in a state if there is an
imminent and substantial endangerment.
1442 Addresses EPA's authority to conduct research, studies, training and
demonstrations - specifically looking at improved methods for protecting USDWs.
1443 Establishes grants for Primacy Programs
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Key Concepts
Aquifer: An underground geologic formation, or group of formations, containing usable amounts
of groundwater that can supply drinking water wells or springs
Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDW): An aquifer or portion of an aquifer that
Supplies any public water system or contains a quantity of ground water sufficient to supply
a public water system, and
Currently supplies drinking water for human consumption, or
Contains fewer than 10,000 mg/L total dissolved solids and is not an exempted aquifer
Well:
A bored, drilled or driven shaft whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension, or
A dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension, or
An improved sinkhole, or
A subsurface fluid distribution system
Well Injection: Subsurface discharge of fluids through a well
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SDWA UIC Program Principles
Non-Endangerment: The Safe Drinking Water
Act prohibits injection which endangers an
underground source of drinking water. Under-
ground injection endangers drinking water
sources if such injection may result in the
presence in underground water that supplies,
or can reasonably be expected to supply, any
public water system of any contaminant, and
if the presence of such contaminant may result
in such system's not complying with any
national primary drinking water regulation or
may otherwise adversely affect the health of
persons.
Primacy: EPA is directed to establish minimum
federal requirements for state and tribal UIC
programs. States and tribes then apply to EPA
to obtain primary enforcement responsibility,
or primacy, to administer the UIC program.
Primacy programs must meet the minimum
federal requirements, and may have more strin-
gent requirements. To date, 33 states, Guam,
the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands, and
Puerto Rico have obtained primacy for all
classes of injection wells. Seven states share
primacy with EPA. For the remaining states,
the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Indian
Country, EPA is directly implementing their UIC
programs. (See map on page 29)
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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EPA Injection Well Classification System
Approximate
Well Class Injection Well Description Inventory
Class I - Inject hazardous wastes beneath the lowermost USDW 500
- Inject industrial non-hazardous liquid beneath the lowermost USDW
- Inject municipal wastewater beneath the lowermost USDW
Class II - Dispose of fluids associated with the production of oil and natural gas 147,000
- Inject fluids for enhanced oil recovery
- Inject liquid hydrocarbons for storage
Class III Inject fluids for the extraction of minerals 17,000
Class IV Inject hazardous or radioactive waste into or above a USDW. This activity 40 sites
is Banned. These wells can only inject as part of an authorized cleanup
Class V Wells not included in the other classes. Inject non-hazardous Range from
liquid into or above a USDW. > 500,000 to
>685,000
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UIC Historical
EPA First Majority of
Established Federal State Programs
UIC approved and
Regulations codified
State and
Tribal Direct
Implementation
SDWA Programs
Codified
1982-1984
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Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Class I wells -Isolate hazardous, industrial and
municipal wastes through deep injection.
Purpose:
Regulate and manage safe injection of industrial or municipal
waste beneath the lowermost USDW
Examples of Fluids:
Manufacturing and mining wastewater
RCRA hazardous waste
Treated municipal effluent
Radioactive waste
Protective Requirements:
Construction and siting
Cased and cemented to prevent movement of fluids into USDWs
Tubing and packer appropriate for injected wastewater
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Determine impact of placing a new well close to existing wells.
Minimum area of review is 2 miles for hazardous waste wells
and 1/4 mile for non-hazardous waste wells
Sited in geologically stable areas
Monitoring and testing
Hazardous Wells - Internal mechanical integrity test (MIT) every
year, External MIT every 5 years
Non-hazardous Wells - Internal and external MIT every 5 years
Yearly monitoring required of injection operation
Monitoring wells to supplement ambient monitoring are authorized
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Plan for safe plugging and abandoning of wells, including
demonstration of financial responsibility
Regulatory Citations:
40 CFR 144 General Provisions
40 CFR 146.11 to 146.14, 146.61 to 146.73
40 CFR 148 (all) for hazardous waste wells
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Class II wells -Inject oil and gas production waste and
materials.
Purpose:
Regulate and manage safe injection of fluid brought to the surface in
connection with oil and gas related production, or for enhanced
recovery of oil or natural gas, or liquid hydrocarbon storage.
Examples of Fluids:
Produced high salinity brine
Crude oil (for storage)
Polymers and viscosifiers for enhanced recovery wells
Drilling fluids and muds
Protective Requirements:
Construction and siting
Cased and cemented to prevent movement of fluids into USDWs
Construction and design of well (casing, tubing, and packer)
varies
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Monitoring and testing
Internal/External MIT
Periodic monitoring and reporting
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Plan for safe plugging and abandoning of wells, including
demonstration of financial responsibility
Regulatory Citations:
40 CFR 144 General Provisions
40 CFR 146 General Provisions
40 CFR 146.21 to 146.24
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Class III wells - Minimize environmental impacts from
solution mining operations
Purpose:
Regulate and manage safe injection of fluids or leaching agents to dis-
solve specific salt/minerals for extraction and recovery.
Examples of Fluids:
Fresh water to extract salt (NaCI)
Sodium bicarbonate to extract uranium salts
Steam to extract sulfur
Proprietary solutions to extract other minerals and metals
Protective Requirements:
Construction and siting
Cased and cemented to prevent movement of fluids into USDWs
Tubing and packer appropriate for injected fluids
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Monitoring and testing
Nature of the injected fluid
Injection pressure or injectate rate or volume
Internal/external MIT
Frequent testing of fluids in the injection zone
Monitoring wells in adjacent USDWs
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Plan for safe plugging and abandoning of wells, including demon-
stration of financial responsibility
Regulatory Citations:
40CFR 144
40 CFR 146.4, 146.6, 146.8 and 146.10
40 CFR 146.31 to 146.34
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Class IV wells - Prevent ground water contamination
by prohibiting the shallow injection of hazardous waste
except as part of authorized cleanup activities.
Class IV wells were used to inject hazardous or radioactive wastes into
or above USDWs. The use of Class IV wells to dispose of waste
was banned in 1984. However, these wells are authorized when
operated to inject treated contaminated ground water back into
the original aquifer as part of a clean-up effort and may only be
operated with federal or state approval under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA
or Superfund) programs. Owners and operators of Class IV wells
must still meet all UIC Program requirements.
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Class V wells - Manage the shallow injection of
non-hazardous fluids.
Purpose:
Regulate and manage the safe injection of non-hazardous fluids through on-site disposal systems
such as dry wells, septic systems, leach fields and similar types of drainage wells, and deeper
wells that inject into or above USDWs.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Examples of Fluids:
Wastewater disposal- storm water runoff, incidental and process wastes from industry, car
wash water, food processing wastes, treated sanitary wastes*, drainage from agricultural
activities, and aquifer remediation.
Beneficial uses - aquifer recharge, aquifer storage and recovery, subsidence control, saline
intrusion barrier, and brine return from mineral recovery and energy production.
Protective Requirements:
Cannot endanger USDW's
Submit inventory information
Additional specific requirements for motor vehicle waste disposal wells and large capacity
cesspools (see Class VRule, page 21)
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Monitoring:
States and EPA can require any well owner to obtain a permit, monitor injectate or close the
well if there is a potential to endanger USDWs.
Regulatory Citation:
40CFR 144SubpartG.
* The Underground Injection Control Program does not regulate individual residential septic sys-
tems and cesspools and nonresidential septic systems and cesspools with the capacity to serve
fewer than 20 persons per day and inject only sanitary waste.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 20
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Class V Rule
In 1999, EPA finalized the Underground Injection Control Regulations for Class V Injection Wells,
Revisions (FR Vol. 46 No. 234 pp. 68546-68573), known as the Class V Rule, Phase 1. The Class
V Rule establishes minimum federal standards for two subtypes of Class V wells: large-capacity
cesspools and motor vehicle waste disposal wells.
Large-capacity Cesspools
Definition: Typically a drywell with an open bottom and/or perforated sides that receives un-
treated sanitary waste. A large-capacity cesspool is any residential cesspool used by multiple
dwellings, community or regional establishments, or non-residential cesspools that have the ca-
pacity to serve 20 or more people.
Protective Requirements:
New large-capacity cesspools are banned (2000)
Existing large-capacity cesspools nationwide must close by 2005
Owners and operators must notify the UIC Program Director 30 days prior to closing their
large capacity cesspool
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Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells
Definition: Shallow waste disposal systems that receive or have received fluids from vehicular
repair or maintenance activities, such as auto body or automotive repair, car dealerships, or other
vehicular repair work.
New motor vehicle waste disposal wells are banned (2000)
Existing motor vehicle waste disposal wells are banned in regulated areas. States may allow
owners and operators to seek a waiver from the ban and obtain a permit.
Owners and operators must notify the
UIC Program Director 30 days prior
to closing their motor vehicle waste
disposal well.
.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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EPA UIC Strategic Program Priorities
Base Program - Classes I-IV
Maintain and improve the core program
Establish a meaningful and useful data management system
Class V
Implement the Class V, Phase 1 Rule
Build a credible and robust Class V, Phase 2 Program
Develop a comprehensive inventory
All Classes
Better integrate the UIC Program with SDWA and other programs (i.e., Clean Water Act,
RCRA and CERCLA or Superfund)
Expand outreach and education
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UIC Program Implementation Milestones
Well Class
Class I Hazardous
Date Activity
March 2001 Study of Risks Associated with Class I
Underground Injection Wells
Class I Municipal
Spring 2002
Spring 2002
South Florida Waste Water Study
Class I Municipal Well Final Rule
Class II
Winter 2002 Coal Bed Methane Hydro-Fracture Study Phase I
Class V Phase 1 Rule
Implementation
April 2000
April 2005
April 2000 -
Jan.2008
New Large Capacity Cesspools Banned
New Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal Wells Banned
Existing Large Capacity Cesspools Closed
Existing Motor Vehicle Waste Disposal
Wells Close or Obtain a Permit in Regulated Areas
Class V Phase 2
Determination
April 2001
May 2002
Proposal
Final
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Importance of UIC Program to source water and
other watershed activities
Underground Injection Control is one of many activities that help ensure tap water is safe to
drink. A variety of safeguards, from the drinking water source to the consumer's tap, form
multiple barriers against contamination. The UIC Program works to protect underground sources
of drinking water from contamination by regulating the construction, operation, and closure of
injection wells. Other protective barriers include assessing the vulnerability of drinking water
sources to contamination; adopting community drinking water programs to protect wells and
collection systems; making sure water is treated by qualified operators; ensuring the integrity of
distribution systems; setting regulations to control the level of contaminants in tap water; and
making information available to the public on drinking water quality. EPA, states, tribes, drinking
water utilities, communities and citizens share the responsibility of protecting America's drink-
ing water.
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Did you know?
89 percent of the hazardous waste that is land disposed is through Class I Wells
More than 700 million gallons of fluids are injected into Class II wells each year
Typically, 10 gallons of brine are produced for each gallon of oil
50 percent of the salt used in America is extracted through Class III wells
80 percent of the uranium is extracted using Class III wells
The majority of Class V well owners are small businesses and municipalities
The two most numerous types of Class V wells are storm water drainage and large-
capacity septic systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 26
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Glossary
Aquifer Exemption A regulatory or administrative waiver to allow injection into all or part of
a USDW that is not currently being used and will not be used in the future as a drinking water
source. Without an aquifer exemption, certain types of energy production, mining, or waste
disposal into USDWs would be prohibited under UIC regulations.
Casing Pipe material placed inside the borehole that transmits fluids through the well into the
injection zone. Casing is usually distinguished from tubing with respect to its function and its
location in the well. Casing refers to the outer pipe string, often cemented in place to maintain the
structural integrity in the borehole.
Drywell A well, other than an improved sinkhole or subsurface fluid distribution system,
completed above the water table so that its bottom and sides are typically dry except when
receiving fluids.
Improved Sinkhole A naturally occurring karst depression or other natural crevice found in
volcanic terrain and other geologic settings which have been modified by man for the purpose of
directing and emplacing fluids into the subsurface.
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Mechanical Integrity Test (MIT) One means of measuring the adequacy of construction of
an injection well is by requiring a demonstration that a well has mechanical integrity. A well is
deemed to have mechanical integrity if there is no significant leak in the casing, tubing, or packer,
and there is no significant fluid movement into an underground source of drinking water through
vertical channels adjacent to the injection wellbore.
Packer Mechanical devices used to provide a seal between the tubing and the casing or the
tubing and the open hole. Packers can be used to separate multiple injection zones, to protect
casing from injection pressure and fluids, to isolate a given injection zone, to isolate casing leaks,
or to facilitate subsurface safety control.
Public Water System A water system that provides water to the public for human consump-
tion through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such a system has at least 15 service
connections or regularly serves at least 25 people.
Sanitary Waste Liquid or solid wastes originating solely from humans and human activities,
such as wastes collected from toilets, showers, wash basins, sinks used for cleaning domestic
areas, sinks used for food preparation, clothes washing operations, and sinks or washing machines
where food and beverage serving dishes, glasses, and utensils are cleaned. Sources of these
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 28
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wastes may include single or multiple residences, hotels and motels, restaurants, bunkhouses,
schools, ranger stations, crew quarters, guard stations, campgrounds, picnic grounds, day-use
recreation areas, other commercial facilities, and industrial facilities provided the waste is not
mixed with industrial waste.
Septic System A "well" that is used to emplace sanitary waste below the surface and is
typically comprised of a septic tank and subsurface fluid distribution system or disposal system.
Subsurface Fluid Distribution System An assemblage of perforated pipes, drain tiles, or
other similar mechanisms intended to distribute fluids below the surface of the ground.
Tubing The innermost pipe string through which injection usually takes place. It is often
separated from concentric strings of casing by an annular fluid and can be removed easily from
the well. In wells without tubing, the innermost casing can be refered to as the injection casing.
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Agencies Responsible for
Implementing the UIC Program
State Underground Injection
Control (UIC) Program
(33 States and 3 Territories)
EPA UIC Program
(10 States, 2 Terr., D.C.,
and all Indian Tribes)
EPA and State share
responsibility (7 States)
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater
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Contacts
EPA REGION 1 (617) 918-1614
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (Classes I-V) (860) 424-3018
Maine Department of Environmental Protection (Classes I-V) (207) 287-7814
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (Classes I-V) (617) 574-6855
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (Classes I-V) (603) 271-2858
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (Classes I-V) (401) 222-6820
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (Classes I-V) (802) 241-4455 ext. 7552
Indian Lands in Region 1 States EPA Region 1 (Classes I-V) (617) 918-1614
EPA REGION 2 (212) 637-3766
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Classes I-V) (609) 292-0407
New York EPA Region 2 (Classes I-V) (214)637-3766
Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Classes I-V) (787) 767-8181
Virgin Islands EPA Region 2 (Classes I-V) (212) 637-3766
Indian Lands in Region 2 States EPA Region 2 (Classes I-V) (212) 637-3766
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EPA REGION 3 (215) 814-5445
Delaware Department of Natural Resources & Env. Control (Classes I-V) (302) 739-4762
Maryland Department of Environment (Classes I-V) (410)631-3662
Pennsylvania EPA Region 3 (Classes I-V) (215) 814-5445
Virginia EPA Region 3 (Classes I-V) (215) 814-5445
West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection (Classes I, III-V) (304) 558-2108
West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection (Class II) (304) 759-0514
District of Columbia EPA Region 3 (Classes I-V) (215) 814-5445
EPA REGION 4 (404) 562-9438
Alabama Department of Environmental Management (Classes I, III-V) (334) 271-7844
Alabama State Oil and Gas Board (Class II) (205) 349-2852
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (Classes I, III-V) (850) 921-9417
Florida EPA Region 4 (Class II) (404) 562-9352
Georgia Environmental Protection Division (Classes I-V) (404) 656-3229
Kentucky EPA Region 4 (Classes I-V) (404) 562-9423
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (601) 961-5640
Mississippi Oil and Gas Board (Class II) (601) 354-7142
North Carolina Department of Environment and Nat. Resources (Classes I-V) (919) 715-6165
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (Classes I-V) (803) 898-3549
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 32
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Tennessee EPA Region 4 (Classes I-V) (404) 562-9473
Indian Lands in Region 4 States EPA Region 4 (Classes I-V) (404) 562-9473
EPA REGION 5 (312) 886-1492
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Classes I, III-V) (217) 782-6070
Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Class II) (217) 782-1689
Indiana EPA Region 5 (Classes I, III-V) (312) 886-1492
Indiana Department of Natural Resources (Class II) (317) 232-4058
Michigan EPA Region 5 (Classes I-V) (312)886-1492
Minnesota EPA Region 5 (Classes I-V) (312) 886-1492
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Classes I, III-V) (614)644-2752
Ohio Department of Natural Resources (Class II) (614) 265-7079
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (608) 266-2438
Indian Lands in Region 5 States EPA Region 5 (312) 886-1492
EPA REGION 6 (Classes I, III-V) (214) 665-7165
EPA REGION 6 (Class II) (214) 655-7165
Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (501) 682-0646
Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission (Class II) (870) 862-4965
Louisiana Department of Natural Resource (Classes I, III-V) (225) 342-5515
Louisiana Office of Conservation (Class II) (225) 342-5515
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New Mexico Environment Department (Classes I, III-V) (505) 827-2936
New Mexico Oil Conservation Division (Class II) (505) 476-3466
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (405) 702-5100
Oklahoma Corporation Commission (Class II) (405) 522-2751
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (Classes I, III-V) (512) 239-6633
Texas Railroad Commission (Class II) (512) 463-6780
Indian Lands in Region 6 States EPA Region 6 (Classes I-V) (214) 665-7165
EPA REGION 7 (913) 551-7030
Iowa EPA Region 7 (Classes I-V) (913) 551-7030
Kansas Department of Health and Environment (Classes I, III-V) (785) 296-5560
Kansas Corporation Commission (Class II) (316) 337-6197
Missouri Department of Natural Resources (Classes I-V) (573) 368-2170
Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (402) 471-0096
Nebraska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Class II) (308) 254-6919
Indian Lands in Region 7 States EPA Region (Classes I-V) (913) 551-7030
EPA REGION 8 (800) 227-8917
Colorado EPA Region 8 (Classes I, III-V) (800) 227-8917
Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Class II)........... ............ ..(303) 894-2011 ext. 105
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 34
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Montana EPA Region 8 (Classes I, III-V) (800) 227-8917
Montana Board of Oil and Gas Conservation (Class II) (406) 656-0040
North Dakota Department of Health (Classes I, III-V) (701) 328-5210
North Dakota Industrial Commission (Class II) (701) 328-8020
South Dakota EPA Region 8 (Classes I, III-V) (800) 227-8917
South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Class II) (605) 773-6296
Utah Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (801) 538-6023
Utah Department of Natural Resources (Class II) (801) 538-5297
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I, III-V) (307) 777-7095
Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Class II) (307) 234-7147
Indian Lands in Region 8 States EPA Region 8 (Classes I-V) (800) 227-8917
EPA REGION 9 (415) 972-3538
Arizona EPA Region 9 (Classes I-V) (415) 972-3543
California EPA Region 9 (Classes I, III-V) (415) 972-3537
California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (Class II) (916) 323-1781
Commonwealth of N. Mariana Islands Div. of Environmental Quality (Classes I-V) (670) 234-1012
Guam Environmental Protection Agency EPA Region 9 (Classes I-V) (617) 472-8863
Hawaii EPA Region 9 (Classes I-V) (415)972-3531
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (Classes I-V) (775) 687-4670 ext. 3137
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Indian Lands in Region 9 States EPA Region 9 (Classes Mil) (415) 972-3544
Indian Lands in Region 9 States EPA Region 9 (Classes IV-V) (415) 972-3532
EPA REGION 10 (206) 553-1200
Alaska EPA Region 10 (Classes I, III-V) (206) 553-1200
Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Class II) (907) 279-1433
Idaho Department of Water Resources (Classes I-V) (208) 327-7900
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (Classes I-V) (503) 229-5696
Washington Department of Ecology (Classes I-V) (360) 407-6000
Indian Lands in Region 10 States EPA Region 10 (Classes I-V) (206) 553-1200
EPA HEADQUARTERS OFFICE OF GROUND WATER AND
DRINKING WATER, PROTECTION BRANCH (202) 564-3869
Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1 (800) 426-4791 www.epa.gov/safewater 36
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For More Information
EPA Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water
www.epa.gov/safewater
EPA/OGWDW: (202) 564-3750
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