U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
697.032
-------
-------
905R75010
REPORT
ON
DERLAKE
MARQUOTE COUN1Y
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 192
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
FEBRUARY, 1975
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PH2J)
77 Wtst Jackson Boulevard, 12th Roar
Chicago. 11 60604-3590
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 8
V. Literature Reviewed 13
VI. Appendices 14
-------
11
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
Ill
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey. John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identfying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
-------
IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res,
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Hoi 1oway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Nona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
Whi te
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
-------
-------
DEER LAKE
STORE! NO. 2624
CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Deer Lake was sampled only two times. On the basis of
these somewhat limited data, it appears that the lake is eu-
trophic. Of the 35 Michigan lakes on which sampling was
completed, 31 had less mean total and dissolved phosphorus,
16 had greater Secchi disc transparency, and 25 had less mean
chlorophyll a*.
Survey limnologists noted heavy algal growths in many por-
tions of the lake.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
An algal assay sample was not taken at Deer Lake. However,
the lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June and September
(i.e., N/P ratios were 3/1 or less).
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources--During the sampling year, Deer Lake
received a total phosphorus load at a rate nearly four times
that proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous"; i.e.,
a eutrophic rate (see page 12). Now, Vollenweider's model may
not apply to water bodies with short hydraulic retention times,
* See Appendix A.
-------
and the hydraulic retention time of Deer Lake is not known.
However, the maximum depth sounded by Survey limnologists
was 24 feet; and, if it is assumed that the mean depth is
about one-third of that (i.e., eight feet), the mean hydraulic
retention time would be about 90 days. If the assumed mean
depth is reasonable, Vollenweider's model may be applicable
to Deer Lake, although it is noted that less than 9% of the
total phosphorus load was retained in the lake which indicates
a rather short retention time.
It is calculated that the wastewater treatment plants
serving Ishpeming and Ishpeming Township contributed nearly
85% of the total phosphorus load to Deer Lake during the
sampling year. Removal of 80% of the phosphorus at these
2
sources would reduce the loading rate to 0.76 g/m /yr or
about 1.2 times the eutrophic rate. In view of the ques-
tionable applicability of Vollenweider's model, it is likely
that the reduced loading would improve the trophic condition
of the lake and, in particular, reduce the incidence and sever-
ity of nuisance algal blooms as well as provide additional
protection for downstream Lake Superior.
2. Non-point sources (see page 12)--During the sampling
year, the phosphorus export of Gold Mine Creek was a rather
-------
2
high TOO Ibs/mi /yr. The relatively high Carp Creek export
may have been due to underestimation of the phosphorus load
from the Ishpeming Township B plant.
In all, it is estimated that non-point sources, including
precipitation, contributed only about 15% of the total phos-
phorus load to Deer Lake during the sampling year.
-------
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 897 acres.
2. Mean depth: unknown.
3. Maximum depth: >20 feet.
4. Volume: unknown.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
Carp Creek 24.0 mi2 28.2 cfs
Gold Mine Creek 4.9 mi 6.0 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 6.0 mi 6.2 cfs
Totals 34.9 mi2 40.4 cfs
2. Outlet -
Carp River 36.3 mi ** 40.4 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 37.9 inches.
2. Mean annual: 32.0 inches.
t Miller and Thompson, 1970.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
-------
III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Deer Lake was sampled twice during the open-water season of 1972
by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, samples
for physical and chemical parameters were collected from four stations
on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see map, page
v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to sur-
face) sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identi-
fication and enumeration, and a similar sample was collected for chloro-
phyll ^analysis. The maximum depths sampled were 13 feet at station 1,
16 feet at station 2, 16 feet at station 3, and 20 feet at station 4.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the
data for the September sampling period when the lake essentially was
well-mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc sum-
mary is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters in June, refer to Appendix
C.
-------
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
Parameter Minimum
Temperature (Cent.) 16.9
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 6.4
Conductivity (ymhos) 220
pH (units) 8.2
Alkalinity (mg/1) 52
Total P (mg/1) 0.231
Dissolved P (mg/1) 0.203
N0? + NO. (mg/1) 0.030
Amfflonia fmg/1) 0.060
FALL VALUES
(09/10/72)
Mean Median
Maximum
17.3
8.0
228
8.4
56
0.255
0.219
0.038
0.082
17.4
7.8
225
8.4
54
0.249
0.218
0.040
0.070
17.6
9.4
240
8.6
63
0.282
0.243
0.050
0.170
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
36
58
72
72
-------
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
06/24/72
09/10/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fragilaria
Polycystis
Cyclotella
Cryptomonas
Anabaena
Other genera
Total
Microcystis
Melosira
Dinobryon
Cyclotella
Flagellates
Other genera
Total
Number
per ml
4,955
362
344
127
90
270
6,148
226
206
186
116
105
467
1,306
2.
Chlorophyll a^ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling
Date
06/24/72
09/10/72
Station
Number
01
02
03
04
01
02
03
04
Chlorophyll a,
(ug/D
66.1
42.8
44.8
18.3
4.0
1.8
2.3
1.1
-------
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the tribu-
tary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the months of May
and September when two samples were collected. Sampling was begun in
October, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the Michi-
gan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary sites
nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for unsam-
pled "minor tributaries and immediate drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were
estimated by using the means of the nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi^/year, in
Gold Mine Creek at station C-l and multiplying the means by the ZZ area
in mi .
The operators of the Ishpeming and the Ishpeming Township A wastewater
treatment plants provided monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow
data. However, the Ishpeming Township B plant was not sampled, and nutrient
loads were estimated at 2.5 Ibs P and 7.5 Ibs N/capita/year.
* See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal* -
Name
Ishpeming
Ishpeming
Township A
Ishpeming
Township B
Pop.
Served
8,000
1,550
400
Treatment
Prim.
clarifier
Imhoff tank
Imhoff tank
Mean
Flow (mgd)
1.848
0.129
0.040**
Receiving
Water
Carp River
Carp River
Carp River
2. Known industrial - None
* Erickson, 1973.
** Estimated at 100 gal/capita/day.
-------
10
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Carp Creek 2,410 12.8
Gold Mine Creek 160 0.8
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 200 1.1
c. Known municipal STP's -
Ishpeming 11,300 59.9
Ishpeming Township A 3,660 19.4
Ishpeming Township B 1,000 5.3
d. Septic tanks - unknown
e. Known industrial - none
f. Direct precipitation* - 140 0.7
Total 18,870 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Carp River 17,240
3. Net annual P accumulation - 1,630 pounds
* See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
11
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Carp Creek 84,640 43.6
Gold Mine Creek 14,180 7.3
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 17,360 9.0
c. Known municipal STP's -
Ishpeming 51,670 26.6
Ishpeming Township A 14,420 7.4
Ishpeming Township B 3,000 1.6
d. Septic tanks - unknown
e. Known industrial - none
f. Direct precipitation* - 8,640 4.5
Total 193,910 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Carp River 146,930
3. Net annual N accumulation - 46,980 pounds
* See Working Paper No. 1
-------
12
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tri butary Ibs P/mi2/yr Ibs N/mi2/yr
Carp Creek 100 3,527
Gold Mine Creek 33 2,894
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be consid-
ered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
Ibs/acre/yr 21.0 1.8 216.2 52.4
grams/m2/yr 2.36 0.20 24.2 5.9
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m^/yr) based on surface area and mean
outflow of Deer Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 0.62
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 0.31
-------
13
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Erickson, John, 1973. Treatment plant questionnaire (Ishpeming and
Ishpeming Township treatment plants). MI Dept. of Publ. Health,
Escanaba.
Miller, J. B., and T. Thompson, 1970. Compilation of data for Michigan
lakes. U.S. Geol. Survey, Dept. Interior, and MI Dept. of Nat.
Resources, Lansing.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz
Z. Hydro!.
-------
-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
-------
I I Z
i un
i -. x
< z o
> < _l
UJ I
-J X L)
\o "D n
o -« «
^r co -.
<. i/i
_J UJ -.
_l X O
-y
o:
UJ
t/i
UJ
o:
>-
3B
O
O
r
o
.0
CXI
rr
0
>
or
UJ
t/i
UJ
cc
o
a:
u
«
*
ry
Q
0
Q.
0
oc
o
V
r
X
0
or
o
00
M
O
>V
UJ
_J
0
UJ
_J
<
0
o
(XI
UJ
z
o
K-
tr
UJ
_J
a:
«r
2_
U
-1
r-
OJ
0
z
rs
X
UJ
X
o
IU
a:
UJ
ui
UJ
a:
UJ
z
z
(/I
z
o
u
~
o
fXI
<
UJ X
*: uj <
UJ _J < UJ <
*: _i ^ u
< t < <
o <
o 3: o H- ijj
cr uj a: z ^
O "X O UJ <
U. U- ~) ^ _l
» - 0 0 =0
ru AJ M ry c\j
UJ
UJ
UJ
z
X
0
sD
f\J
UJ
uj *:
Z UJ
0 t-
o <
UJ S
3;
UJ
l/l
UJ
l/l
a
^
ru
UJ
_j
Q
CC
O
U-
t/1
^
sO
rxi
UJ
-------
O
<
QL
Q
UJ
LU
CD
O
LU
3
Q
1^
^,
Ln -
< x
i
u
3 <
J X
4 Z 0
> ^ _J
LU T
j r o
j
t
o
LU
l/l
1 Z
O <
O LU
in z
z
'J
Z 3T
< O
LU Z
r -i
T
U
3
J Q.
S
> z in
J LU -*
J s: o
<
L.
Q.
_j
Z <
o
o
o
^
ro
-«
o
cc
o
a:
UJ
10
LU
a:
i/>
»-4
^
O
^~
(ft
r-1
(JV
o
rvj
o
o
o
n
"
^
CO
<3>
rvj
o
o
o
o
00
fO
^
*G
"*
o
*c
0
0
o
y
O
0
0
LU
^
^
_J
1
^
t
to
>-
3;
U
-t
vO
rvj
o
0
-t
0,
n
^
0
rt
o
o
in
CO
vO
rvj
CO
'/l
o
0
in
o
0
o
r-
o
0
o
LU
V
^
^ 1
CO
Z
H4
O
O
1 1
r
^n
ji
o
rvj
0
o
rvj
CD
^.
r^
!M
cr
n
<*>
co
o
fVJ
-t
^
o
«
o
CO
o
o
o
00
^
0
o
LU
^
J
-0
f*)
*
o
o
rvj
o
o
ro
,j-
O
o
LU
^
4
^ j
Z
o
in
Q.
Z
O
r
t
^
(Js
^o
rvj
o
0
vO
CO
n
n
CO
^
^H
P-
vD
^
co
-t
^0
-t
CO
o
^
rvj
o
o
rvj
**)
o
o
UJ
it:
_j
LU
^
^-
LU
^
0
^
Z
LU
LU
Q.
00
sO
rvj
o
o
vO
m
"
r-
f^
*
^
vH
O
O
00
O"
fl^
^
sO
J1
o
o
.n
o
0
o
vO
o
o
LU
^
tf
-J
^
at
or
LU
no
~x
^
tr
H-
U1
0
rj*
NO
rvj
-------
1 O (VI 0-. .* 4--*sOr>-^~«
1 ~* ' '
i in -<
i-^x^sf^-ono^oo
i
UJ
> z o "" "* ^ n
_IUJ T
1
1
1
1 0 <
\ r<0oi5^'i/1^S~~
1 < O
1 "* --i » (H
1
1
1
_J
>5^
u.
J^^^^^^^S-n
1 < h-
~p;:0'v'0i!£i~''VJS2^S^^-"'1
on o-onil-. l0 T-'7'5>-to'-
s0-0-:^^0^^^35^""^^^^^
SXSS2?°5S5532^S^SS?^
r,***-?-******-**^?.?.
MM- M M - M MMM- M
.-iG^0-*^"^^^^^^^^^^--
r
r
o
z
o
o.
IT O
M a:
o o
z
o
o
O
o
ct
o - -«
UJ UJ
*r o
< o
-------
X
uj o
O Z
Z
"VJ
CO
J-
in
-. m
00 O
^ (^
in
O » (VI o * (M <*> 3>
O AJ ' tvi-»inao(3>o
< 3; (VI m ro (M -« AJ
> z o
i
: ao > o f- in in in
o~~
12 " -' >-
O <
r/) _ ~ _ ^
: o « ^ (M -* in ^»
tf 7 (^ «^ ^^ «^ IH* n^ *i^
< O
Ijj 2 «^ ^ ^ ^^ o ^^
Q^ 3T ^^ (^ ^0 ^ ^ 'O ^~
UJ
X
l»l
LL! *& ^^ f^ O ^* QO ftJ
f ^5 ^_ m ro n *^ ^H »"H
»- _i
M
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
in
x
rf)
X
'Vl
z
4
o
^
r
o
i »
^
X
o
u.
z
o
»-4
>-
^
s:
x
0
'A.
.z
> *
2
O
_J
U.
>-
^
<
*
^)
D
H-«
-X
t
Z
<
UJ
r
o
UJ
o
>
O
Z
h
U
o
o.
Ul
l/l
~ ID
-n o
u. <
o
tn
o
_i _j
U. 3
->
Q
UJ
NJ
W4
_1
< Z
r D
x ~>
D
Z
*>-
<
r
iX
3-
o
n
£ Y
*) -< o
^ *j t/>
z or
>-i Q <
* < 1 UJ
M or n or
-0 0 0
Q h- X
O O <
0 t- (-
JJ 00
< or
_J h-
in in -t -»
» -H O [VI
O CO -O -O
-* (\l
^ o o o
p- o rvj co
m rvj in n
-t (VI
r- oo o
-$ GO O in xt
n *\j
o o o o
Lf> vO O f^-
ro -« in m
t o o o
o ~« m ^
sD "*) J^ ^
f1') (VI
OJ O O 0
D >O
fi r*i
II II
LJ
^
^ t/1
J -H JO
^ O
X l^
Q
U.
_l O
^
i- s:
o o
t- I/I
^ -^
O 0
_J
U. -H
-t
>- 0
t^ \j
O
X 00
o o o
1
U. DO
ro '\J
F-H
)- 0 Tl
«t * ^
Q
* OO O OOOOOOO-53OO
O OO O OOOOOOOOOOO
,i_ r*-«o rvj o (vi o >^ r*- ^ ^ r*- £>}. 'O
it&* X1 ro rvjrvj-H.^Lno^vj'^-" *-" *
r*^ ^H
^^
yi
u->- 4-cvi 'j^ jo^vD^roN-iXjc^j^n^c^
o < -> rvj -« ~"
Q
c/>
x
O X OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
_l O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO30OOOOO
"*" u! in-*rvj-»^->oincocov»ni7>oooc^in^- ^I^-OOID^'^ i"ricocoinNf^^'rvj'^'^invOf^-rvj'Vj.'vj'-«
«J Z ""* ^H
t t ^
< UJ
3 s:
a
z
^
!X
o >-
_J
u.
>- I
( >_
x z o^^fvji »(\jfr>^msD^aDONo^^Ln^D^aoJN
H- O *~ 1 ^H «-H F^-HP^
Z Z
o
s:
Z V
< X
UJ <
at- -i
O < 33
3D -t *
»-. rvj rvj
ae >o -o
t- (VI (VI
-------
in
X
f\J
o
_l
u.
o
\J
JO
_2
r
a' r o o
o
j
r
rvj
M
NJ
M
a
M
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
l/l
I.-, a.
-O Q
XI I
010
O O
r
Ou
>O vO 00 (VJ (")
r~ r- ru (vi >t
O O (M 3* -O
O O -^ O '/I
00 CO X) 33 00
V O
* > r
o- 5-
-3 (-) O O
3 D j T:
o Q .jj u
i. -<
if} 1
z '^i
ru
r
ro o
O O
_l (VI =>
X -i
3
X
o
X
J1
r^
!jj
t
<
.
O UJ S 2
O i aJ ijj
3 < I U
a.
UJ
a
UJ
UJ
UJ
rr
s: u. >-
-i O TI
(vi rvj in in in
72/06/24
72/09/
T
(J
a
UJ
o
UJ
z u. >-
-. o <
h 13
UJ Z
I O O
-> -5
.-< o
o o
o o
o o
o o
in in
(\j in
X X
c y-
r\j r\j
O
y
i
U.'
-------
if]
a -> o,
Q o
D I _J
O 1/1 X
o o O
r r
a.
* tn in M f)
,0 ^ ^ i o
o -H rvj rvj rvj
o o o o o
I
H-
Q.
UJ
Q
(\J 'Jj
O LJ
(VI U.
LOO
-o h-
/)
OO
r
a.
X
'3
z:
O
-«z_i_i
^)l »o
to r- o * *
o -* (vi (vi -<
O X
o
o
I-J T
o ^
^ n -r * 3)
£ '/i in in
< X
<\j -n x
-o xi
"M -C 'ij -O
* 3 !M
1.
ij
< (M O T> "3
i -o in in -j-
-t T
01.
>- o
> i
t- T
O O O
in o
ru n
(M r\j
~- i >-< -n
r^ 71 X uj
o 2. o I
ts =r <_> o
o ^ _u z
(VI
r-
> _l « O
) O X -« -<
> O O
LU
-0
f\j
o
X
in
r\J o tvi o
OuJXZ ->-" -H
O > jj UJ
3 4 1- U
-x _i
(VI J. X
"J ,0: 4 J
ro j 3
Q
_l
a
3
'Jj
Q
o .n o * .o
1 O 3 O «
ijj OOOOO
-Jj OOOOO
U.
ooooo
o o
h- 00
Id O 3
lil O O
u.
o o
o -<
u. >-
O < * r~
UJ
t
-3
.
* O O
< a: *-
» o
rvi i
XX
vO 3<
o o
XX
(M (M
r- r-
O It
-t o
!\J
X X
.O T
o o
X X
M
-------
ft 'M CO O 00 i
\0 t« fX *O CO >I rH iI
O Q O O (VI -
^O 1
0 -0
0 O
r
0.
o
0.
«J
X
o
z
D
00
O
o
o
o
P- > h- *
-t » 4- -O
*H r\j (M rvj
0000
o o o o
xO r*- r* h-
-i ~i o O O
\O t ^ X
o "i > O ooooo
o T o z
I < OOOOO
O !\JO Of>_| TVLD-tfOCl
O 'V)O<_I OOOOO
O ~OZ>-X .....
O OvdOS OOOOO
a <\lt- X.
(\) O I
o o i/i to in
-* > 1 >o xo c\j rvj
T 1- X -< -i (M (\J
O U Q O
o 3 _i T:
O Q UJ U
O a. Z
r- ui I U
o z o i
ry t(\j
x OLJZZ " i -< i-H rvjix-t
J"l O I UJ UJ (M'X^I-J
r^ O O -H O O < H- t O O
O-UJOOOOO Q.UJOO
_l UJUJOOOOO UJuJOO
< O U. Q
o
o:
Lj
33
O
z
>
ooini/iLn OLD
uj uj rvj rvj <\j rvj rvj ujrvrvj
3: u. >-
H- UJZLXX UJZXX
LU 1 OO-D7- I OOvDO1
Of. f\i rvj rvj <\j
-------
vO >-« Q.
.DO
vDI _l
O I/I X
OO O
£ Z
Q.
.» co o r- -* in
l/> CO />
o O
X
O
Z
r- CJ> * :> * T3
J3 in -t r- .» >o
o O <\J <\l f\l M
......
OOOOOO
Q.
UJ
(\j LJ
O LU
<\J U.
-t
* r\j
O
O
O
-t
__
,D I < X
o n t o
o r o s:
_
f*lo<_i
>£>Z>-X
3- X
O I
oooooo
»o -o a:
r
o
in
in LO
(/)
_
<
a.
_
- o in o o ji in
<} > X ,/> K. (VJ (VJ (\J
7 X
o < o o
o a: jj z
o
o
no
o Q
t\j
o
x
o
-Hora.1
ouJXZ
OH-^JUJ
o
LU
O
ooo
UJ OOOOOO
UJOOOOOO
inmoooo
ZU.V
oo
h-OO
LlJ OO
LUOO
UJ
a:
(\i -H
UJZXX
( O O C
« a: i o o
ou.xx
rvi tvi
r- r-
UJS
OO
< a; >
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
oJ
jj
oJ "U u-
1 - O
-H O
"D '\l O
'J
O .ij ~.
o 3 o
O-MC tr n
'XI < \J D 0
"^ r
-t \J
i r
b Y.
>P3-T7 33;t
r o n o ^ -<
-J
- e -j _j
n i - x
j r o T
-3 ;> ^, -3 o _: -^ :> >
r^ j r> T -i 75 _o 4
f. 3 r r~- r ">, ~- t; .-
*
->
X
rv
X
3 ~~! J
n o * _i
-c z >- x
l' C O o ;, o t ? O
-< C1 '\> -i < c\, < J- A i
o j rv, -j t>oo c-
r
a.
Y
i
T:
o
f
/>
« O <
I in o .n o o o o f
4 --i ""' o f, o r^ rv
,t fv fi in o o
oooo'vo " ru
lJ? XXXXXXXXX
o 3
rju. xxxxxxxxx
v: _
-r
J T
^> /I
-^ -J
-------
a
aJ
O
AJ ->
C
"VJ -3
r> -O
o
J-
_] t uJ
X O uJ
O r\l * "^ <4 'Xt o ~^ ^**" ^* "C I-C
Bi _i « 1.....
3/1 X O O -> O O .3 -3 -3 3 3 -3 3 J J
O O -0
r s
X
oTr_i
:> n H- X 3t)O33JO3O3331">
J O '/I O 3 O < r-< O -C 3 O \i 2
cTix
-> IT ci ir " ..----
^ j
sDi^ X
^3 ' ^"
t
O O ^ O O ^5 O CC O O O 3 -t O
o "i _i 3 f\j rv.i^ox'o'^ixAj .c ^- '.07^
fio^^j ro^^t'-^-i'-T^no^^CkrvvOo-^
XZf-X
O ^ O O O 3 3 3 O 3 3 '3 O O O 3 O 3
O - "
1- O -HO-l-l-H.3(\j-«0-«-«-«-«-«
I f\J -D .») n f~- "VJ O 3 'VJ Jl f~- T J1
dS XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-------
il
:>
O
(VJ
M
a
U 1: _J
J-O uJ ri 4
A' <\J 1 'JJ 1C O_
£. I O iJ
rvi sC x o «
^ o \j '_>-< t
X
-\j
o
X
UJ
V
X 00003-3 OOO333
o o ^r -D
r D T
0.
-^jo \jfs^ro~?'XjAj^'r\j'j^xicc
O 'M-OtT*l>*-'X)r-<«OX'^nJv*J"r^-3'
-H2-J1 D-<33OO ^3 O O O 3 3 3 3 4" 3 O
moii_j (\jf\jrvi(Mtvj»o-
U
z
r
OOOOOO<(MoO'V
ujs: xxxxxxxxxxxxx
"*i
-------
r
i
a
si uj
-< a
a
r
o
AJ O
-C «
!M O
-5 uJ
i AJ U.
X
-« O
n -i o
(\j o
\i -2
AJ
_r
'3
^ 3
< *
J) < '
UJ X
? l
jj
.0 ^
O
i O
D -J
'~J -I
<
_J
O
3
no l
i) 7 _J
r\
o
X
X
3s c
O O
x o o o
o O
i
/i r
0. O
X
n
O
£ w
OO
O.D
003-5
$ r v
J> O O
c; -"> ~>
-T
Z. -. _) 00
£ I i X
o n o ^ ^
.r» x
on
o ^
i\j
n
r>
o n /> o t> D .j o
'-3 ± (\> o o ^ o "v>
t '"V. Aj J> r. i i\i r-
o o f", r^i
t
X
o
X
O 3
_-2 i _j r^ c
r' > t- v
O I
J- f~- C £, (\J O (\1 <\'. C
3 ^> O O J "J ~J '-' ^ ") } 'j
O
x
*.
UJ
IjJ
X
O
X
t >
0. UJ
UJ
5T U. >-
- O <
-U 2
i O
-.
rvjooooo "<\j-3 i -orvj
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
''
f\j \j
r i^
O '^
7
£. ^
-------
3
3 X
3 t
3> O.
o uj
Q.
t
>t uJ
3 oJ
(\J U.
3 *-l
'J"l -f O
1- -10
AJ 3 f\J O
-O 3
^3 C
X 3 ?
"X > '
> s
-t Jj
a
i>- r
i .0
3 <
Lj
3 1^ ^ ^
-^ ' =1 Jj
3 z _| .jj n
^ 3 -M -y i i
n > r '_> _j
\j i a. jj x a
£ E .2 T: ±1
"\J O /) £> X -3" - '
4. _ -\j _ j _ J-
^3
.-n i- j)
'.fl --4 Z
3 a i
3 Q *
J1 Z O
O _l
J U.
H
J^ * U
3 Z> '
3 _l ^
n u. -r
,
n o
-O 1
^C 1
o o
o O
r
"L
n
: 1 ' 1
~- i O
o i r
r> o >
0 O T:
>-
_l
r
t
z
o
2;
O
O
Z
i
'/)
^
-1
a
_i
x
^
51
X
_l
x
»s
o
n
>\j
\j
3
r^
f
t
t>
O
t
rv;
J-!
o
T
-^
O
3
/I
- »
O
o
4-
r-4
O
3
O
AJ
^
C
X
->
^
^
T)
4
o
f)
r
4
^;
n
-O
*
\j
o
4
T
->
O
o
rt
:\J
o
o
r i
M
"3
n
'.n
~«
r>
r*-
m
D
O
r-*.
-H
^3
ry
f\l
i
3
n
n
1
0
o
T
^3
O
o
3
AJ
O
0
TS
_H
ri
^
>^
"VI
z>
^
c
o
o
o
>
p-H
o
^-)
XJ
«H
o
n>
*
\J
"Vj
t
X
r
a:
v
UJ
"*^ _i
O i
^ fc .
<5 O
O 1
T
X
Q
Jj
-< o
_J
\
^
jj
u_
o
\j t: > f\j D rvj ~c
D X* Jl J1 r*- X f**-
*
J "5 t3 O ~> Z> O
O OO OO OO OOO t) O OO
O OO OO OO OOO O3 OO
N- X)r*- £>co vOr^- ^DOX1 cr«* -OX
'V1 "VJ ft J^J^ '/^^Vl C\J '-J ?"-C Jj <
^ 7 ^,
^ x -*-
~> 3 ,-j
00 0 O 00 00
O O O O O C' 'H '
XJC -O*1^ r1'"^ JD^
-« t -^J * J "\
O O O O O O O OOO O O O O O O O ^ r*l O O "y >V
\ix\ixxixvt\x\l\x.ixxts.\tx\) x x t x x I x
i «'\j~"\j""i.-s'<>.t*j-n-o 0"- ^-o-^'CT11-Ov.^. ^ "Xj v
,"3 DO* OO* "30^ OO >V-OO» ^O1 D ^t ^ -> -3 t~ ^
x xxxx^-xx^-xxx xx~xx~xx~xx~\x--xx x
-------
0
o
a
O.
oJ
.4
t
XI 0
A l .
VJ -J
1 0
t
\J
J
^
>
^
c-
-J -o
r-
-r x
V \i
,1'
^ r
j-
"D xJ
AJ j.
£, =
\J 0
^
^
a. i
4 ~
H iJ
n x
5 /i
o ~~*
' u
r< -1 i U
"i _l iJ /I
-i i J
T L J J
U jj '1
i iJ 1 1
r "i *i" i '
o r> x --T
i ^ ' _) ' t
^
^ i- 3 >.
O * IE 1
D v i -r-
_> 1 JL.
J"> i.' D .?
O _l O
_) j_ 7T
-
1 ^
O 7 jj f
3 .J 'J
r j. x /i
^
i
r; ^ "v
,;
0 1 _!
-j 0 x
xano"^ AJ o O (VJ Aj^j^t
nn-vjoi AJ AJAJ AJ \JAJ-IAJ
-3-330-3 J OD 0 003-3
n -.000 T> TI rvj r\j^>T-
n Ajtn AJ jio t -vj , c \j
"7 "t"^^ "t ~^~? "^ "t^^^
3 00:3 0 03 0 0-330
3OO3 O O3 153OO
33O3 O OO O O fl 0
-xitjn ^3 DO "irxin
c o t- c iV- c c J 3 n *!
r i r j
- n x
: D \
i o u
r
i
a
j
AJ
^
n
^ o '-> j
-" - ' -1
o n j- f
^
7>
t
^
T>
.t
^
1-
\J
~~
t
^
*
Jl
_5
?
C
3
AJ
r
->
^
c
o o
r »,
j- ^ x 'T A) j-, x ^
O\!'\J^-O -^) ^!r*>
O --> 3 -> -J 3 "3
£) n j' ^j 4 o -t
J t J- r- D J1 _n
T> r o J
O :( 30 X'
_!_ V
O o
O O 3 O O
00000
-. T) -i
O i
-I -C J3 "1 -« -T> r. TAiJ- * rvj -^
XXXX XX XXXX-^XXXXX
"**i ""i i" > i "M '_i_ . i "t "O Jl_ " / "O >j J
-------
------- |