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IMSD86001
Bibliography on
ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS
by
Michelle S. L. Lee, Reference Librarian
January 1985
Headquarters Library
Information Management and Services Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St., S.W. PM-211-A
Washington, D.C. 20460
5Q?9
u T F • ivironmental Protection Agency
R ..• on v. Library
2.. - i-ji.th Dearborn Streat ,,
C.ncago, Hlinois 60604 _
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS
Asbestos is known to be a potential hazard to the health of
millions of people today. The problem of asbestos in school build-
ings is getting more and more attention.
At the Headquarters Library, requests for information on asbestos
in schools have been coming from individuals and organizations in both
the public and private sectors. This bibliography of EPA reports,
books, periodical articles, and regulatory citations is an1 introduction
to the literature on the subject. At the end of the bibliography is a
brief list of referral points for more information.
All the material listed in the bibliography is available in the
Headquarters Library. The bibliography is divided by format, and
many citations are annotated.
The EPA reports citations are listed in alphabetical order by
title, followed by abstracts quoted from EPA Publications Bibliography.
Citations followed by (f) are available in mi crofi che.
Airborne Asbestos Levels in Schools. By Paul C. Constant, Jr., et_
TT. EPA-560/5-83-003. Jun. 1983. NTIS PB84-129683. 186p.
"Air and bulk samples were collected from 48 units at 25 different
schools of an urban independent school district. These were ana-
lyzed respectively by transmission electron microscopy and polarized
light microscopy techniques for asbestos fiber concentrations."
o
Asbestos
Analys.i s
Lentzen .
- Cont
Qua!
EPA
i t
-5
ai ni ng
y Assu
60/13-
Mate
ranee
80-23-.
rials in'
Program.
Aug.
School Buildings: Bui
By
80.
E. P.
NTIS
Brantl
PB8021
y, Jr.
7243.
k Sam
and
32p.
pie
D.E.
(f)
"EPA has initiated a quality assurance (QA) program for labo-
ratories claiming capability in the polarized light microscope
(PLM) analysis of bulk samples for asbestos. Commercial and
non-commercia 1 laboratories participating in the program received
samples of four fibrous materials: chrysotile, anthophyl1ite,
fiberglass, and mineral wool."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School Buildings: Bulk Sample
Analysis Quality Assurance Program. By FT P~. Brantly, Jr. EPA-
560/5-81-001.Mar. 81. PB81-225849. 34p. (f)
"The second round of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
voluntary quality assurance (QA). program for commercial labo-
ratories claiming capability in the polarized light microscope
analysis of bulk samples for asbestos was conducted in August and
September, 1980."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School Buildings : A Guidance
Document. Part 17By Office of Toxic Substances, E.P.A. FPT5"60/1-
82-002.Mar. 1979. NTIS PB82-225962. 73p. (f)
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"Recently there has been an increasing awareness of the sig-
nificance of environmental factors in causing illness. The
fibrous mineral known as asbestos, used in many different kinds
of products and applications, has entered the environment in
both occupational and non-occupational settings."
Asbestos - Containing Materials in School BuiIdings: Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs. By D. Lucas, et al . EPA-560/ 13-80-
017A. Dec. 1980. NTIS PB 81-243586. 106p. fTJ
"This document is one in a series prepared in support of the EPA
asbestos-in-schools program. It was developed to provide guid-
ance to local school officials and their staffs in determining
the presence or absence of asbestos in school buildings. Data
and information generated during the EPA technical assistance
program have been used to design a rigorous sampling and anal-
ysis scheme for bulk materials."
Bulk Sample Analysis for Asbestos Content: Evaluation of the
Tentative Method. By TTT Brantly Jr., et "aTEPA-600/4-82-021.
Apr. 1982. NTTT PB82-196841. 136p. (f)
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asbestos-in-
schools program was established in March, 1979 to provide infor-
mation and technical assistance to the public for addressing
problems presented by asbestos-containing insulation materials
in school buildings."
Evaluation of the Asbestos-in-Schools Identification and Notifi-
cation RTJTe~i By Janet Greenblatt. EPA-560/5-84-005.Qct~. T9~84.
(No NTIS number assigned yet)
Indoor All-Pollution: An Emerging Health Problem. By General
Accounting Office.CED-80-111.Sept.1980,N~TlS PB81-160087.
46p. (f)
"Traditionally it has been presumed that a person was protected
from polluted air when indoors. Recent research has shown,
however, that this may not always be true. Various harmful
pollutants including radon, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide
have been found in the air in homes, offices, schools, and even
in recreational facilities."
Interim
s u 1 a t i o n
Mar.
82.
Met
hod for
Sampl es . By
NT
IS
TB83-
1
the Determinati
D. E
53643,
on of Asbestos in Bulk In-
. Lentzen, et al . EPA- 600/4-82-020.
54 p. (
f)
"This report presents information on the development and char-
acterization of the standard procedures for analysis of bulk
samples with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and x-ray dif-
fraction (XRD), and includes the interim method for the deter-
mination of asbestos in bulk insulation samples."
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Measurement of Asbestos Air Pollution Inside Buildings Sprayed
with Asbestos
1980. NTIS
By P. Sebasti en ,
FF81-147001. 75p.
et al . EPA-560/13-80-02&.August
"This report is a translation of a document prepared in 1977 for
the French Ministry of Health and the French Ministry for the
Quality of Life-Environment on the measurement and assessment of
airborne asbestos levels in buildings throughout Paris."
BOOKS
Citations are in alphabetical order by title:
TITLE
Asbestos: An Information Resource.
SIT! International ,
Prevention Branch,
By Richard J. Levine.
U.S . Nati on al Cancer Institute,
c!978.
Asbestos and Disease. By Irving J. Selikoff, et^ aj_. New
York : Academic Press, c!978.
Asbestos in Schools: A Dilemma: Report. By General
Accounting Office.Washington, D. C. : U.S. G.A.O.,
c!982.
Asbestos in the Environment. By J. R. Kramer, et_ al .
Canada, Environment Canada : International Joint
Commission, Research Advisory Board, c!974.
Asbestos, Properties, Applications, and Hazards. By
L. Michaels, and Seymore S. Chissick.
[West Sussex] : New York, 1982-1983.
Chichester
Asbestos; the Need for and Feasibility of Air Pollution
' Control"! By National Research Council, Committee
on Biological Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants.
Washington, D. C. : National Academy of Sciences,
1971.
Citations are
quoted either
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
CALL NO.
RA 1231
.A8S18
RC 775
.A8S44
TD 887
.A8U534
TN 930
.K89
TA 455
.A6A78
1981-
TD 884.5
.N38
in alphabetical
from the article
order by title. Annotations are
itself or the article's abstract:
"Airborne Asbestos Levels in Several School Buildings Before and
After Bulk Asbestos Removal." By Joseph W. Bozzelli and Joel F.
Russell. International Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol. 20,
No. 1, 1982. pp. 27-30.
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"Airborne participate samples were collected in several public
schools before and after friable asbestoscontaining insulation
material had been removed from ceilings. Transmission elec-
tron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction tech-
niques facilitated fiber identification and counting. Asbestos
fiber concentrations in indoor air were in the range 5-40 mg/M3
before insulation removal. Measurements made one week after
removal showed reductions of 56-90%."
"Arizona's School Asbestos Program." By Mike J. Charette. Journal
of Environmental Health. Vol. 45, No. 3, Nov. - Dec. 198TTppT
135-37.
"The state of Arizona Dept. of Education operates a successful
program to remove asbestos-containing building materials from
schools. Drawing from the expertise of the Dept. of Health
Services, Bureau of Environmental Hygiene a~nd Sanitation,
Bureau of Waste Control, and eliciting cooperation of school
officials. Includes an asbestos detection/control flowchart."
"Asbestos." Clean Air (England). Vol. 13, No. 2, 1983, p. 57.
"The Asbestos Dilemma: Detection, Regulatory Options, and Statis-
tical Approaches to Identification." Hypotenuse. July-Aug. 1983.
pp. 10-19.
"The EPA regulations that took effect in June 1983 require
that school buildings be inspected for the presence of friable
asbestos. Since the late 1970s, asbestos-containing materials
have been removed from thousands of schools. Although the
substance is known to be toxic, no one knows for sure what
risks are associated with low levels of exposure. The cost
effectiveness of several alternatives for regulating asbestos
is discussed. A discussion of statistical approaches to
identification and asbestos hot-lines are included."
"Asbestos: Still a Danger in Schools." By Elaine S. Knapp. State
Government News. Vol. 27, No. 3, Mar. 1984. pp. 4-9.
"The use of asbestos materials in schools buildings was common
from the mid-1940s until EPA banned sprayed asbestos in 1973.
The agency requires schools to inspect for the material and
notify parents and employees of asbestos hazards; no removal
or abatement is required by EPA. However, a recent EPA report
found that many schools did not meet its June 1983 deadline
for asbestos detection, recordkeeping, and notification. The
problem is attracting national attention."
"Congress Ready to Examine Asbestos Compensation Issue; But Regu-
lation Lags." By Kathy Koch. Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report. Vol. 40, Feb. 6, 1982.pp.204-205.
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"Extrapolation from Occupational Studies: A Substitute for Environ-
mental Epidemiology." By Philip E. Enterline. Envi ronmental
Health Perspectives. Vol. 42, Dec. 1981. pp. 39-45.
"Three linear models-based on data from the U.S., Canada, and
the U.K.-for extrapolating occupational- data to general envi-
ronmental exposures are described. The models are applied to
asbestos exposures resulting from heat shields in hair dryers
and asbestos exposures in public school buildings; .cancer
mortality from these exposures are predicted. Linear models
are compared to a curvilinear dose-response curve which shows
little response at low levels of exposure. Asbestos exposure
in school buildings poses more of a risk than hair dryers."
"Federal Regulation - Too Little : the Consumer Product Safety
Commission and Asbestos." By Howie Kurtz. Washington Monthly.
Vol. 9, No. 10, Dec. 1977, pp. 28-31.
"The manufacturers of asbestos products have known for years
that asbestos can hurt people, just as they knew 50 years ago
that they were destroying the lungs of their workers. They
took a calculated risk that the hapless bureaucrats in
Washington world not take their products off the market in the
near future. So far, that risk has paid off."
"Huge Cost of Removing Asbestos Daunts Schools." By William E.
Schmidt. New York Times. Oct. 5, 1983. P. A21.
"A recent report by the U. S. Dept. of Education indicates
that it will cost about $1.4 billion to remove asbestos from
14,000 private and public school buildings around the country.
Many school officials are alarmed about where they will be
able to find money to finance these renovations. Removal
costs are estimated to run about $100,000 per school building,
and a recent survey indicates that over half of the schools in
the U.S. have not yet identified and reported on asbestos-
containing buildings in their areas."
"New Study Shows States Not Regulations, Funding School Asbestos
Cleanup." AFL-CIO/CLC Service Employees International Union
Newsrel ease" Apr. J~,1984.
"A new study released by the Union shows little is being done
at the state level*to combat asbestos contamination of schools.
This expensive cleanup undertaking is being advocated to
reduce the future incidence of asbestos-related diseases in
children and school workers. Although EPA regulations require
school districts to inspect for friable asbestos and report
findings. There are no regulations governing or mandating
removal activities. A lack of state funds and legislation
supporting asbestos removal is also noted."
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"Pollution Topics." Envi ronmental Health. Vol. 91, No. 12, Dec.
1983. p. 339.
"Removal and Disposal of An Environmental Carcinogen: Asbestos."
By Severio D. Fodero. Journal of Environmental Health. Vol. 40,
No. 3, Nov.-Dec. 1977. pp. 133-137.
"This article details the removal and disposal of asbestos
ceiling material in a Yale University building. The removal
process utilized a water and wetting agent technique used by
firefighters and the debris disposal was in a sanitary land-
fill, following federal regulations for the handling of
hazardous materials."
"School Asbestos Control Program." By John D. Dekany. EPA. Pre-
sented at National Environmental Health Association 43rd Annual
Educational CongrenceTCharl eston, June 23-28, 1979. p~.8T(9).
FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION
Citations are in reverse chronological order:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos in
Schools; [OPTS-211012C ; TSH-FRL 2608-3], 49 FR 31302, Aug. 6,
1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos in
Schools; Response to Petition, [OPTS-211012C; TSH-FRL-2608-3], 49 FR
24552, Jun. 14, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [OPTS-211012B , TSH-FRL2595-8], 49
FR 22407, May 29, 1984.
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION, 16 CFR Ch. II Regulatory
Flexibility Act; Semiannual Regulatory Flexibility and Unified
Agendas, 49 FR 16578, Apr. 19, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Response to
Citizen's Petition on Asbestos; Public Meeting, [OPTS-211012A;
TSH-FRC2566-5], 49 FR 15094, Apr. 17, 1984.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
29 CFR Parts 1910 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, [Docket No.
H-033C], 49 FR 14116, Apr. 10, 1984,
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION, 48 CFR Chapter 8 Administration Regula-
tions, 49 FR 12582, Mar. 29, 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos; Res-
ponse to Citizens' Petition, [OPTS-211012; TSH-FRL-2506-3], 49 FR
8450, Mar. 7, 1984.
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*. j, Environmental Protection Agency.
F.^gion V, Library
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois cr>*fUi
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [ODRM-FRL-249 61 ], 48 FR 51838,
Nov. 14, 1983.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupation Safety and Health Administration
29 CFR Part 1910. Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, [Docket No.
H-0330], 48 FR 51086, Nov. 4, 1984.
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION, 16 CFR Ch. II Regulatory
Flexibility Act; Semiannual Regulatory Flexibility and Unified
Agendas, 48 FR 48064, Oct. 17, 1983.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, 48 FR 45280, Oct. 4, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, [OPRM-FRL-2435-1], 48 FR 41809,
Sept. 19, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 763 Asbestos; Friable
Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools; Identification and Noti-
fication, [OPTS-61004B; TSH-FRL-20 64-3], 47 FR 23360, May 27, 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 40 CFR Part 707 Asbestos Export
Notification, [TSH-FRL-1881-5; OPTS-120001C], 46 FR 37608, Jul. 21,
1981.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, Office of Elementary and Secondary Educa-
tion, 34 CFR Parts 230 and 231 Asbestos Detection and Control:
Local Educational Agencies; Asbestos Detection and State Plan:
State Educational Agencies, 46 FR 4536, Jan. 16, 1981.
Contact points in order to get more information:
If you should have any questions about this asbestos bibliography,
please refer to Ms. Michelle Lee in the EPA Headquarters Library,
Tel: (202) 382-5921.
Additional information on EPA's asbestos program is available from:
The Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances,
EPA. Tel: (202) 382-3569.
The Asbestos Action Program in EPA, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances. Tel: (202) '382-3949.
The EPA - Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Office of Toxic
Substances. Tel: 800-424-9065. (554-1404 in the Washington
Area).
Additional information on the effects of asbestos on health is
available from Asbestos, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20205. Call 800-638-6694; in MD, 800-492-6600.
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