001B85102
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES RND TONIC SUBSTANCES
      OFFICE OF TOHIC SUBSTANCES
   Information Management Division

      Chemical Information Branch
     01 3
   WOOD PRESERVATIVES:
                A
   CHRONOLOGY OF REGULATORY
     ACTION & BIBLIOGRAPHY
         'DFCFMBLR. 1
  eCDKHPDHEQ) CDS? cOCDCSSlM! Ho PBDTTC?
           CHEHICRL LIBRARY
                    (RTB-TOSD
                       SQM3CD

            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            Region V, U'•••'' v

-------
             At,*
US. environment

-------
                  iUOOD PBESEBUflTIUES:
           fl Chronology of Regulatory fictions fr
                      Bibliography

Information  has  been  gathered  on  the  issue  of  mood
preseruatlues to assist you in finding answers to questions on
the regulatory status,  restrictions  on the uses  of treated
wood, and scientific studies and reports produced on this
subject of wide public concern.
                 Bbout this Bibliography

This bibliography is arranged in two sections:
   •   Regulatory Information including Federal Register
      (FB) and Code of Federal Begulations (CFB) references
   •   EPB funded report references
Bibliography updates will be compiled and sent to you as they
become auailable.
                  Document Buailability

The OTS Chemical Library staff recognizes that a bibliography is
of little ualue if the documents it refers  to  are  not  readily
auailable.  The staff has made euery effort to  make  all the
Items referenced  here  a  part of the  OTS Chemical  Library
Collection.  To obtain a copy of any of these documents, or to
make suggestions  for  other OTS  Chemical Library  subject
bibliographies please contact:
                 Beraldine D. Nowak, Head

                  The OTS Chemical Library

             US Enuironmentai Protection Hgency
             Office of TOHIC Substances (TS-793)
                      401  M Street SUI
                   Washington, DC 20460

                      (202)382-3568

-------
          Regulatory Information
These citations from the Federal Register database
refer to Federal Register (FR) notices and the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) .

-------
   TITLE:

    DATE:

ABSTRACT:
           Federal Register  Vol. 50, no.  20 p.  4269

           January 30, 1985
           Notice:   EPA postpones  until  further notice  proposal
           (July  13,  1984,  49  FR  28666)  to  cancel  registration
           tor    pesticide    products     containing
           pentachlorophenol  &  inorganic  arsenicals.
           Jan 30,  1985.   Doc. No. OPP-41001A.
           Langley (703) 557-7401.
                                                         creosote,
                                                         Effective
                                                  Contact:   Carol
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 49 No. 240 p. 48367

    DATE:  December 12, 1984

ABSTRACT:  Notice:    EPA  decides  to  cancel  most  non-wood   use
           registrations,  and  to  modify remaining  registrations,
           for  pesticide  products  containing  pentachlorophenol.
           See  issuance of  RPAR  (rebut table  presumption  against
           registration) at 43 FR 48443  (Oct 18,  1978).   Comment
           deadline Feb 11,  1985.   Discussion  through p.  48372.
           Doc.  No.  OPP-3000/30B.   Contact:   Lois  Rossi (703)
           557-7452.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 49  No. 215  p. 44238

    DATE:  November 5, 1984

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA  extends  until  Dec  21,  1984  the comment
           period    on    preliminary    determination    against
           registration   of    pesticide    products   containing
           creosote,  coal  tar  and coal tar  neutral oil for  non-
           wood  preservation  uses   (seen  Aug  22,   1984,   49 FR
           33328).    Doc.  No.    OPP-30000/28H.   Contact:    Lois
           Rossi (703) 557-7452.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 49  No. 212  p. 43772

    DATE:  October 31, 1984

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA  postpones Nov  1,  1984  effective date  to
           classify  for  restricted  use  wood preservative uses  of
           creosote,  pentachlorophenol  &  inorganic  arsenicals
           (seen  July 13,  1984,  49  FR 28666),  and  responds  to
           questions  raised  by  States,  Indian  tribes,  Federal
           agencies  and other.  Effective Oct 31, 1984.  Doc. No.
           OPP-41001.

-------
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 49  No. 164  p. 33328

    DATE:  August 22, 1984

ABSTRACT:  Notice:  EPA issues preliminary determination re risks
           and  benefits  associated with  non-wood  preservative
           uses of  creosote,  coal  tar  and  car  tar  neutral  (see
           Notice of rebuttable presumption against registration,
           or  RPAR,  at  43  FR  48154,  Oct  18,  1978) .    Agency
           determines risks are greater than benefits, generally,
           and  proposes  to  deny  registration  applications  for
           listed   herbicidal,    fungicidal,   disinfectant   and
           repellant uses.   Comment deadline  Oct 22,  1984.  Doc.
           No.  OPP-30000/28G.   Contact:   Lois  Rossi  (703)  557-
           7452.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 49  No. 136  p. 28666

    DATE:  July 13,  1984

ABSTRACT:  Notice:    EPA  notes  conclusion  of  admin  review  re
           proposed   cancellation  or  modification  of  pesticide
           registrations for wood  preservative  uses  of creosote,
           pentachlorophenol,   and  inorganic   arsenicals;   text
           lists   terms  and  conditions  to  be changed  to  prevent
           cancellation.    Hearing  requests  due  Aug  13,  1984.
           Doc.  No.   OPP-30000/28F;  PH-FRL  2630-4.    Contact:
           Carol  Langley (703)  557-7401.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 48  No. 219  p. 51684

    DATE:  November 10,  1983

ABSTRACT:  Notice:  EPA  issues  analysis  of  risks and benefits of
           seven   chemicals  used    for   subterranean   termite
           control:   chlordane,  heptachlor,  aldrin,  dieldrin,
           lindane, pentachlorophenol, and  chlopyrifos.   Comment
           deadline Feb  8,  1984.  Doc. No.  OPP-30077.

-------
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 48  No. 130  p.  31081

    DATE:  July 6, 1983

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA receives pesticide  product applications
           pursuant to  FIFRA:   Sumitomo Chemical Merica Inc  for
           Danitol containing fenpropathrin for use on ornamental
           and nonbearing fruit trees, Glyco Inc, for Glycoserve,
           disinfectant  for  use  as  a  preservative  for  soft
           detergents and soaps,  same for use  as  a preservative
           for room deodorizers,  soft detergents,  and  household
           coatings,   and as  a  disinfectant,   algaecide,  and/or
           slimicide   for   industrial  uses,   Darworth   Co   for
           Darworth   Copper   Neoisoate,   fungicide  as   a   wood
           preservative,  same   for  Darworth   Zinc   Neoisoate.
           Comment deadline  Aug 5, 1983.  Doc. No. OPP-30229.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 48  No. 62  p. 13257

    DATE:  March 30,  1983

ABSTRACT:  Meeting:   EPA;  re  wood  preservatives;  £pr  14,  1983,
           1921 Jefferson  Davis  Highway,  Arlington  VA;  agenda,
           Doc. No. OPP-30000.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 46  No. 33  p. 13020

    DATE:  February 19, 1981

ABSTRACT:  Notice:  EPA preliminary  determination  and rebuttable
           presumption against  continued registration  (RPAR) of
           pesticide products containing coal  tar,  creosote and
           coal tar  neutral oil;  pesticide  products  containing
           inorganic arsenic  and pentachlorphenol  used  as  wood
           preservatives.    Comment  deadline May 20,  1981.   Doc.
           No.  OPP-30000/28C.

-------
   TITLE

    DATE

ABSTRACT
Federal Register  Vol.  46

January 10,  1981
                                      No.  5  p.  2267
           Notice:   EPA denies  Dow Chemical  petition to  remove
           ethylbenzene, phenol,  dichlorophenol ,   trichlorophenol
           and  pentachlorophenol  from  Clean  Water   Act   toxic
           pollutants list.
   TITLE:

    DATE:

ABSTRACT:
           Federal Register  Vol. 45  No. 193

           October 2, 1980
                                        65255
           Proposed:  16 CFR Part 13
           FTC proposes  consent agreement  in  matter of Darworth
           Co; to   require  this  Avon,   CT  manufacturer of wood
           stains   and   wood   preservative  products   to  stop
           misrepresenting  its  products  in advertisting  re EPA
           registration.  Comment deadline  Dec 1,  1980.   Fil No.
           802 3001.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 44  No. 217  p.  64555

    DATE:  November 7, 1979

ABSTRACT:  Notice:  EPA  invites  comment on  Dow Chemical petition
           to  remove   ethylbenzene,  phenol,  2,4-dichlorophenol,
           2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol from toxic
           pollutants   list pursuant  to  Clean Water Act.  Comment
           deadline Jan 7, 1980.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 44  No. 62  p. 18730

    DATE:  March 29,  1979

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA  notifies  of  correction  to  the  product
           search   listing   applicable    to   the
           presumption   against   registration   and
           registration of  certain  pesticide products
                                    coal  tar neutral
                       15
             of
coal tar,  creosote,  and
               1979).  Doc. No. OPP-30000
           15771,  Mar,
                                                       rebuttable
                                                        continued
                                                       containing
                                                      oil  (44 FR

-------
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 44  No. 52  p. 15771

    DATE:  March 15, 1979

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA publishes a correction  to its notice of
           presumption   against   registration   and   continued
           registration of certain products  containing coal tar,
           creosote,  and coal  tar  neutral  oil.    Rebuttal  and
           other information must be filed by  Apr  30, 1979.  See
           product  search  listing which was  inadvertently left
           out of  the original  notice  at 43  FR  48154,  Oct  18,
           1978 p. 15771.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 43  No. 230  p. 55819

    DATE:  November 29, 1978

ABSTRACT:  Mseting:   EPA  Science  Advisory  Board,  Environmental
           Health  Advisory Qnte will  meet  Dec  19,  1978,  9 am,
           1921  Jeff  Davis  Hwy,  Arlington  VA;   agenda  includes
           formal   action    on   study   group's    report   on
           pentachlorophenol contaminants .
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 43  No. 225  p. 54290

    DATE:  November 21, 1978

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA  extends  time  period  for  submission  of
           rebuttable evidence and other comments on registration
           and  continued   registration  of   certain   pesticide
           products  containing  pentachlorophenol.   New deadline
           Feb 12, 1979.   Doc. No. OPP-30000/30A.   See original
           notice of presumption at 43 FR 48443,  Oct 18, 1978.
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 43  No. 225  p.54289

    DATE:  November 21,  1978

ABSTRACT:  Notice:  EPA extends time for submission of rebuttable
           evidence  and  other  comments   on  registration  and
           continued registration  of  certain  pesticide  products
           containing coal  tar, creosote   and  coal  tar  neutral
           oils.   New deadline Feb  12,  1979.  All comments should
           bear notation  OPP-30000/28A.   See  original  notice of
           presumption against  registration at  43  FR 48154,  Oct
           18,  1978.

-------
   TITLE:  Federal Register  Vol. 43  No. 202  p. 48154

    DATE:  October 18,  1978

ABSTRACT:  Notice:   EPA  establishes  a  tentative  schedule  for
           completion  of  the   rebuttable   presumption  against
           registration  review   of  the  wood-treatment  uses  of
           inorganic arsenic,  pentachlorophenol,  coal tar and its
           derivatives.  Chemicals comprise  the  most widely used
           industrial   pesticide   wood   treatment   available.
           Comments  on the  comparative  risks  and  benefits  of
           these   chemicals   will   assist   EPA  in   assessing
           tradeoffs.   Other  uses  for  these pesticides  will  be
           considered  in   individual  risk-benefit  analyses  for
           each  chemical.  Doc.  No.  OPP-90077.   SEE  ALSO notice
           of  rebuttable   presumption  beginning  p.  48154  and
           continuing  thru  Book  2  of  today's  FR.    Rebuttable
           evidence and other information must be  filed by Dec 4
           1978.    Publishes  position  documents  on  coal  tar,
           creosote, and coal  tar neutral oil p.  48157.  See list
           of federally registered  products  containing  coal  tar
           and creosote beginning  p.  (MISSING DATA)  presumption
           against  registration  and  continued  registration  of
           pesticide   products   containing   inorganic   arsenic.
           Comment  deadline  Dec  4,   1978  p.  48267.    Publishes
           position documents beginning  p.  48270  and  continuing
           into   FR Book  2.    See  list of  products  containing
           inorganic arsenicals  p. 48399,  Book 2.   Doc. No. OPP-
           30000/29.   Notice  of  rebuttable  presumption  against
           pentachlorophenol   and   its   derivatives    (PCP)   is
           published p. 48443,  Book  2.   Comment deadline  Dec  4,
           1978.   Position document  begins  p.  48446.    List  of
           products containing  PCP  begins p.  48478,  Doc. No. OPP-
           30000/30.

-------
               EPH Funded Reports
These citations from the National Technical Information
Seruice (NTIS) database refer to EPR authored, sponsored,
contracted, or otherwise funded reports.


-------
                   Title Index to EPA Funded Reports

TITLE                                                       PAGE

Acute Toxicity of Selected Toxicants to
  Six Species of Fish                                       1

Ambient Water Quality Criteria:
  Pentachlorophenol                                         1

Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
  Pentachlorophenol                                         2

An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of Hydride
  Generation and Graphite Furnace Atomic
  Absorption Techniques for Determining Organic
  and Inorganic Arsenic in Complex Wastewaters              3

Biodegradation and Photolysis of Pentachloro-
  phenol in Artificial  Freshwater Streams                   4

Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin  Contamination of Two
  Commercially Available Pentachlorophenols                 5

Chronic Toxicity of Chlordane, Trifluralin,
  Pentachlorophenol to  Sheepshead Minnows
  (Cyprinodon variegatus)                                   6

Coal Tar, Creosote, and Coal Tar Neutral
  Oil:  Position Document 1                                 7

Controlled Air Incineration of Pentachlor ophenol-
  Treated Wood                                              7

Degradation of Pentachlorophenol and
  Pentachloronitrobenzene in a Laboratory
  Compositing System                                        8

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Blood,
  Urine, Tissue, and Clothing                               8

Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
  Hexachlorophene in Human Adipose Tissue                   9

-------
              Title Index to EPA Funded Reports  (cont.d)

TITLE                                                       PAGE

Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
  Hexachlorobenzene Residues                                10

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Marine
  Biota and Sea Water by Gas-Liquid Chroma-
  tography and High-Pressure Liquid
  Chromatography                                            11

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Urine:
  The Importance of Hydrolysis                              11

Developmental Document for Effluent Limitations
  Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
  and Pr etr eatment Standards for the Timber
  Products Processing Point Source Category                 12

Dioxins.  Volume II.  Analytical Method for
  Industrial Wastes                                         13

Economic Impact Analysis of Alternative
  Pollution Control Technologies, Wood
  Preserving Subcategories of the Timber
  Products Industry                                         13

Effects of Pentachlorophenol on the Growth and
  Mortality of Embryonic and Juvenile Steel-
  head Trout                                                14

Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Development of
  Estaurine Communities                                     15

Effect of Technical and Purified
  Pentachlorophenol on the Rat Liver                        15

Effects of a Hexachlorobiphenyl and
  Pentachlorophenol on Growth and
  Photosynthesis of Phytoplankton                           17

Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Field- and
  Laboratory-Developed Estaurine Benthic
  Communities                                               18

Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Hepatic Drug-
  Metabolizing Enzymes and Porphyria Related to
  Contamination with Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-
  Dioxins and Dibenzofurans                                 18

-------
              Title Index to EPA Funded Reports  (cont.d)

TITLE                                                       PAGE

Effects of Phenol, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-
  Dichlorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol on
  Embryo, Larval, and Early-Juvenile  Fathead
  Minnows ('Pimephales promelas1)                           19

Effects of Transplacental Exposure to
  Chlorinated Phenols                                       20

Epidemiological Notes and Reports:
  Pentachlorophenol Poisoning in Newborn
  Infants                                                   21

Fate and Effects of Pentachlorophenol in
  Hard - and Soft-Water Microcosms                          21

Fate and Impact of Pentachlorophenol  in a
  Freshwater Ecosystem                                      22

Fate and Impact of Wood Preservatives in a
  Terrestrial Microcosm                                     23

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Pentachlorophenol
  in Human Urine by Formation of Alkyl Ethers               23

Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic
  External Review Draft                                     24

Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic
  Final Report                                              25

Impact of Tubificid Oligochaetes on Pollutant
  Transport  in bottom Sediments                             26

Impact on and Recovery of Experimental
  Macrobenthic Communities Exposed to
  Pentachlorophenol                                         27

Indices Identifying Subsurface Microbial
  Communities That Are Adapted to Organic
  Pollution                                                 27

Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Glass
  Manufacturing Plants:  Background Information
  For Proposed Standards                                    28

Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from High-Arsenic
  Primary Copper Smelters - Background Information
  for Proposed Standards                                    29

-------
              Title Index to EPA Funded Reports  (cont.d)

TITLE                                                       PAGE

Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Low-Arsenic
  Primary Copper Smelters - Background Information
  for Proposed Standards                                    29

Mapping Sunken Pollutant Pools with Depth Finders           30

Microbial Degradation of Selected Hazardous
  Materials; Pentachlorophenol,
  Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and Methyl Parathion           31

Microbiological Decontamination of Pentachlorophenol-
  Contaminated Natural Waters                               32

Multimedia Pollution Assessment of the Wood
  Products Industries                                       32

Pentachlorophenol in the Environment.  Evidence
  for Its Origin from Commercial Pentachlorophenol
  by Negative Chemical lonization Mass Spectrometry         33

Pentachlorophenol:  Position Document 1                     34

Predator-Prey (Vole-Cricket) Interactions:
  The Effects of Wood Preservatives                         35

Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Arsenic           35

Removal and Treatment of Contaminated River
  Bottoms:  Field Demonstration                             36

Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from
  Bottoms of Flowing Water bodies                            37

Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Wood
  Preserving Wastewaters                                    38

Screening Study to Development Background
  Information and Determine the Significance of
  Air Contaminant Emissions from Pesticide Plants           39

Selected Non-Carcinogenic Effects of Industrial
  Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic                             40

Succession of Microfungi in Estuarine Microcosms
  Perturbed by Carbaryl, Methyl Parathion and
  Pentachlorophenol                                         41

Survey of Methods Used to Control Wastes
  Containing Hexachlorobenzene                              41

-------
              Title Index to EPA Funded Reports  (cont.d)

TITLE                                                       PAGE

Technical and Microeconomic Analysis of Arsenic
  and Its Compounds                                         42

Toxicity of Creosote-Contaminated Sediment to
  Field-and Laboratory-Colonized Estaurine
  Benthic Communities                                       43

Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Related
  Compounds to Early Life Stages of Selected
  Estuarine Animals                                         44

Treating Wood Preserving Plant Wastewater by
  Chemical and Biological Methods                           44

Validation of an Emission Measurement Method
  for Inorganic Arsenic from Stationary Sources:
  Proposed Method 108.  Laboratory and Field Test
  Evaluation                                                45

Wood Preservatives Decision Fact Sheet                      46

Wood Preservative Pesticides Creosote,
  Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenicals
  (Wood Uses) Position Document 2/3                         46

Wood Preservative Pesticides:  Creosote,
  Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenicals
  Position Document 4                                       47

Wood Preserving Industry Multimedia Emission
  Inventory                                                 47
[Settlement agreement between EPA and the American
  Wood Preservers Institute.  FIFRA Docket Nos. 529,        48
  et al.]

-------
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTE:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Acute Toxicity of Selected Toxicants  to  Six
Species of Pish.  (Final rept.)

Cardwell, Rick D. ; Foreman, Dallas G. ; Payne,
Thomas R.; Wilbur, Doris J.

Chemico Process Plants Co., El Monte, Calif.
Envirogenics Systems.

Environmental Research Lab., Duluth,  Minn.

EPA/600/3-76/008;  NTIS:  PB-252  4B8/2

EPA-6 8-01 -0 74 8; EPA-ROAP-1 6AAE-0 5

(125p)

Mar 76

The relationship between median lethal
concentration and exposure time was
determined for five chemicals and up  to  six
species of freshwater fish in a flow-through
system.  The lowest median lethal
concentrations found were 0.114 mg/1  for
sodium cyanide, 0.118 mq/1 for sodium
pentachlorophenate, 2.9 mg/1 for  selenium
dioxide, 18.0 mg/1 for sodium arsenite,  25.4
mg/1 for beryllium sulfate, and greater  than
100 mg/1 for lead chloride.  Toxicity curves
relating median lethal concentration  to
exposure time were of three types.  One
curve, resembling a rectangular hyperbola,
characterized the toxicity of sodium cvanide,
while another curve, sigmoid in shape,
characterized the toxicity of selenium
dioxide.  Both types of curves were observed
in toxicity tests with sodium
pentachlorophenate, sodium arsenite and
beryllium sulfate.  Linear toxicity curves
were recorded for some fish species exposed
to selenium dioxide, sodium arsenite and
beryllium sulfate, but these were usually
encountered when exposure times were less
than 96 hr.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria:
Pe ntac hiorophenol

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.  Criteria and Standards Div.

NTIS:  PB-292 439/7
                               -1-

-------
NOTE:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
(93p)

1978

Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33
U.S.C. 1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and
periodically update water quality criteria.
These criteria are to reflect the latest
scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and
welfare, aquatic life, and recreation.  This
report presents water quality criteria for
pentachlorophenol.   It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of freshwater and
saltwater aquatic life.  Tt presents 'safe'
concentrations for humans, and in the case of
suspect or proven carcinoqens, qives various
levels of incremental cancer risk.  A section
304(a) water quality criterion is a
qualitative or quantitative estimate of the
concentration of a  water constituent or
pollutant in ambient waters which, when not
exceeded, will ensure a water quality
sufficient to protect a specified water
use.  TJnder the Act a criterion is a
scientific entity,  based solely on data and
scientific judqment.   Tt does not reflect
considerations of economic or technoloq ical
feasibility nor is it a water quality
standard, and in itself has no requlatory
e ffect.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTE:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Pentachlorophenol.
for
Environmental Protection Aqency, Washinqton,
DC.  Criteria and Standards Div.

EPA-440/5-80-065;  NTIS:  PB81-117764

C^S Reqistry No.:  87-86-5

Oct 80  (98p)

Section 304(a)  of the Clean Water Act (33
U.S.C. 1314(a) ) , requires EPA to publish and
periodically update water quality criteria.
These criteria are to reflect the latest
scientific knowledqe on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and
welfare, aquatic life, and recreation.  This
report presents water quality criteria for
the titled chemical.  It presents
                               -2-

-------
                    concentration criteria for the protection of
                    freshwater and saltwater aquatic life.  It
                    presents 'safe1 concentrations for humans,
                    and in the case of suspect or proven
                    carcinogens, qives various levels of
                    incremental cancer risk.  A section 304(a)
                    water quality criterion is a qualitative or
                    quantitative estimate of the concentration of
                    a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
                    waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure
                    a water quality sufficient to protect a
                    specified water use.  Under the Act a
                    criterion is a scientific entity, based
                    solely on data and scientific "judgment.  Tt
                    does not reflect considerations of economic
                    or technoloqical feasibility nor is it a
                    water quality standard, and in itself has no
                    requlatory effect.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of
Hydride Generation and Graphite Furnace
Atomic Absorption Techniques for Determining
Organic and Inorganic Arsenic in Complex
Wastewaters.  (Journal article)

Kinard, James T.; Gales, Jr, Morris.

Benedict Coll., Columbia, SC.

Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.

EPA-600/J-81-349;  MTIS:  PB82-128216

EPA-R-805237
                              Sc i . Health
Pub. in Jnl .  of Environmental
A16(l), P27-50 1981.  (25p)

1981
A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the
determination of arsenic in complex
wastewater samples by hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques
has been conducted.  Two hydride generation
techniques were employed.  One consisted of
the use of sodium borohydride pellets and
argon to sweep the arsin into a hydrogen
flame.  In the second, arsine was produced
from a sodium borohydride solution and swept
into an air-acetylene heated guartz tube.
The hydride generation techniques yielded
                               -3-

-------
                    consistent, reliable  data for highly complex
                    wastewater matrices only  when arsine
                    generation was  preceded  by a close acid
                    digestion procedure.   Complete recovery of
                    arsenic  (99%) was  achieved using the graphite
                    furnace  technique  and was found to be
                    independent of  the complexity of the
                    wastewater matrix  and of  the organic form of
                    arsenic  present.   Hydride generation and
                    graphite furnace atomic  absorption techniques
                    were comparable with  regard to sensitivity,
                    reproducibility and relative detection
                    limits.  The  latter was  somewhat superior in
                    terms of accuracy  and the need for sample
                    pr etr eatment.   Both types of techniques are
                    suitable for routine  analysis.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE;

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Biodegradation and Photolysis of
Pentachlorophenol in Artificial Freshwater
Streams.

Pignatello, J.J.; Martinson, M.M.;  Steifert,
J.G.; Carlson, R.E.; Crawford, R.L.,

Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN.

Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,  MN.

EPA-600/J-83-162;  NTIS:  PB84-170927

EPA-R-810016

Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology
v46, n5 p!024-1031 1983.  (lip)

C1983

The biodegradation, photolysis, and
adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP)  in
outdoor, aquatic environments were  examined
with man-made channels built by the  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency at  a field
station on the Mississippi River  near
Monticello, Minn.  The authors monitored  the
biotic and abiotic degradation of PCP  in
these channels for approximately  16  weeks.
Most of the PCP-mineralizing microorganisms
that developed in the channels were  either
attached to surfaces (e.g., rocks and
macrophytes) or associated with surface
sediments.  Total bacterial numbers  (direct
microscopic counts) in the various  channels
were not affected significantly by  PCP
                               -4-

-------
                    concentrations  of micrograms  per liter.
                    Numerous strains of  bacteria  able to grow at
                    the expense  of  PCP were isolated from the
                    adapted channels.  The  experiments reported
                    here will help  predict  the  responses of
                    flowing aquatic ecosystems  to contamination
                    by biocides  such as  pentachlorophenol.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER!

NOTES:
Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Contamination of  Two
Commercially Available Pentachlorophenols.
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Villanueva, Ellen C.
Jennings, Ralph W.
                      Burse, Virlyn W.;
                                          v21
Environmental Protection Agency,  Perrine,
Fla. Primate and Pesticides Effects  Lab.

NTIS:  PB-280 096/9.

Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
n4 p739-740 Jul/Aug 73.  Included in the
report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085 (4p)

5 Mar 73
A comparison was made of chlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin contamination  in a  technical  and  an
analytical grade of commercially  available
pentachlorophenols.   Hexa-, hepta-,  and
octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were  found  in both
samples.  The technical product  was  more
contaminated than the analytical  one by
factors of 1400, 600, and  539  for the  hexa-,
hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,
respectively.  Te tr achlordibenzo-p-dioxin was
not found.  Results were determined  by gas
chroma togr aphy and confirmed by  infrared
spectrophotometry and mass spectr ometr y.
Mass spectral analysis  indicated  the presence
of polychlorodibenzofurans and
polychlorodiphenyl ethers.  A  distinction was
made, using gas chr oma togr aphy-m ass
spectr ometr y , between the  chlorobenzof ur ans
observed as original  constituents of the
pentachlorophenol and those derived  from the
fragmentation of chlor od iphenyl  ethers.
                               -5-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:


CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Chronic Toxicity  of  Chlordane, Trifluralin,
Pentachlorophenol to Sheepshead Minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus).   (Final rept.)

Parrish, Patrick  R. ;  Dyar,  Elizabeth E.;
Enos, Joanna M.;  Wilson,  William G.

EG and G, Bionomics,  Pensacola,  Fla.  Marine
Research Lab.

Environmental Research  Lab.,  Gulf Breeze,
Fla.

BP-78-1-006; EPA/600/3-78/010;   NTIS:   PB-
278-269/6

EPA-68-03-2069

(67p)

Jan 78

Sheepshead minnows  (Cyprinodon variegatus)
were exposed to three chemicals--chlordane,
trifluralin, or pentachlorophenol	in
flowing, natural  seawater to  determine acute
and chronic (full  life-cycle  effects).
Mortality of parental fish  exposed to  mean
measured chlordane concentrations >  or - 2.8
micrograms/1 was  significantly greater than
that of control fish.   Hatch  of  juveniles
from embryos of parental  fish exposed  to > or
- 0.8 micrograms/1 was  significantly less
than hatch of control juveniles.   The
estimated maximum  acceptable  toxicant
concentration (MATC)  was  >0.5<0.8
micrograms/1 and  the  application factor (AF)
limits, 0.04-0.06.   Exposure  to  mean measured
trifluralin concentrations  >  or  - 9.6
micrograms/1 significantly  decreased growth
of parental fish.  Fecundity  of  parental fish
exposed to concentrations > or - 4.8
micrograms/1 was  significantly less  than that
of control fish.   Survival  and  growth  of
second generation  fish  were significantly
less than the control in  concentrations >  or
- 9.6 micrograms/1.   The  estimated MATC was
>1.3<4.8 micrograms/1 and the AF limits,
0.007-0.025. • Mortality of  parental
Sheepshead minnows exposed  to mean measured
pentachlorophenol  concentrations >88
micrograms/1 was  significantly greater than
mortality of control  fish.  The  estimated
MATC was >47<88 micrograms/1  and the AF
limits, 0.11-0.20.
                               -6-

-------
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Coal Tar, Creosote,  and  Coal
Oil:  Position Document  1
Tar Neutral
Environmental Protection  Agency,  Arlington,
VA.  Special Pesticide  Review  Div.

EPA/SPRD-80/82;  NTIS:  PB80-213879

(122p)

18 Oct 78

Examination of possible unreasonable risks
associated with uses of pesticide and a
gathering of all available  information to
determine whether or not  this  or  any other
risk does exist are covered.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Controlled Air Incineration of
Pentachlorcphenol-Treated Wood

Stretz, L.A.; Vavruska, J.S.

Los Alamos National Lab., NM.

Industrial Environmental Research  Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.; Defense Property  Disposal
Service, Battle Creek, MI.

EPA-600/2-84-089;  NTIS:  PB84-189851
Sponsored in part by Defense  Property
Disposal Service, Battle Creek,  MI.   i

May 84
         llOp)
This research was  initiated  to  determine the
operating conditions necessary  to  effect
complete thermal destruction (greater  than
99.99%) of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated
wood in a controlled air  incinerator  (CAI)
and to provide a basis  for evaluating  the
applicability of other  incineration  systems
to the destruction of PCP-treated  wood.   The
treated wood in guestion  was scrap  from  used
ammunition crates  in Korea.   It has  been
proposed that a substantial  amount  of  such
wood be disposed of by  incineration  in a unit
located in that country.  A  major  concern in
such incineration  is the  potential  formation
of such toxic compounds as chlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins  and dibenzofurans.   Test
results showed a combustion  efficiency of
                               -7-

-------
                    N99.99%  for  PCP  in  the  primary chamber under
                    test conditions  with  no detectable production
                    of  tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)  or
                    tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF)  at  detection
                    limits in  sample  extracts of  1 and 5 ppb,
                    respectively.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Degradation of Pentachlorophenol  and
Pentachloronitrobenzene  in  a  Laboratory
Compositing System.

Sikora, L.J.; Kaufman, D.D.;  Ramirez,  M.A.;
Willson, G.B.

Agricultural Research Service,  Beltsville,
MD.

Municipal Environmental  Research  Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.

NTIS:  PB82-173287

Sponsored in part by Municipal  Environmental
Research Lab., Cincinnati,  OH.  Prepared  in
cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Annapolis.
Included in Land Disposal of  Hazardous Waste,
P372-382

1982.

No abstract available.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:
Determination of Pentachlorophenol  in Blood,
Urine, Tissue, and Clothing.

Barthel, W.F.; Curley, August; Thrasher,
C.L.; Sedlak, V.A. ; Armstrong, Robert

National Communicable Disease Center,
Atlanta, Ga.

NTIS:  PB-276 899/2

Pub. in Jnl. of the Association  of  Official
Analytical Chemists, v52 n2 p294-298, Mar  69.
Included in the report, Journal  Articles on
Pesticide Chemical Analysis.  Group 5,  PB-276
897.  (6p)

4 Sep 68
                               -8-

-------
ABSTRACT:
An epidemic with two deaths  occurred  in  a
nursery in St. Louis after the  use  of
pentachlorophenol as a mildew preventive with
the laundry detergent.  Samples  of  blood,
urine, tissue, and clothing  from the  nursery
were extracted with ethyl ether.  The  ether
solution was extracted with  5%  sodium
hydroxide; the basic solution was acidified
and then extracted with benzene.  The  benzene
solution was analyzed by electron capture gas
chr omatography, using a 3% diethylene  glycol
succinate column with 2% sirupy  phosphoric
acid on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb G.
Pentachlorphenol was found in the samples in
sufficient quantity to account  for  the
epidemic.  The presence of pentachlorophenol
was confirmed by gas chr omatography-mass
spectroscopy and by thin layer  analysis.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
The Determination of Pentachlorophenol  and
Hexachlorophene in Human Adipose Tissue.

Shafik, T.M.

Perrine Primate Lab.
Environmental
Fla.
Protection Agency, Perrine,
NTIS:  PB-278 083/1

Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, vlO  nl  p57-63
1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles  on
Toxicology Group 3, PB-278 081.  (7p)

1973

The identification and quantitation of
potential chemical pollutants and  their
metabolites in human adipose tissue are of
great importance for monitoring human
exposure to these environmental compounds.
The two highly chlorinated phenols,
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and hexachlorophene
( 2 ,2-methylenebis 3 ,4 , 6 ,-tr ichlorophenol) )
(HCP), are widely used, and the article
establishes the extent of their storage  in
human adipose tissue.
                               -9-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE;

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Determination  of  Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorobenzene Residues.   (Final rept.
Jan-Jul 80)

Lakings, Duane B.; Subra,  Wilma;  Going,  John

Midwest Research  Inst.,  Kansas  City,  MO.

Environmental Protection Agency,  Washington,
DC.  Office of Pesticides  and Toxic
Substances.

EPA-560/13-80-030;  NTIS:  PB80-222672

EPA-68-01-5915; MRI-4901-A12

Prepared in cooperation  with Gulf  South
Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.   (99p)

Jun 80

An evaluation of  possible  exposure to
pentachlorophenol (PCP)  by residents  in
Madison County, Kentucky,  who had  obtained
ammunition crate  wood  treated with PCP from
the Blue Grass Army Depot  was conducted.
Serum and unconjugated urine levels of PCP
were determined in 51  test cases  and  47
control individuals and  in 7 special  cases
(residents of log homes  treated with  PCP).
In addition, air, food product, and wood
samples collected at the residences were
analyzed for PCP  residues.  The results
showed similar PCP levels  in the  serum and
urine of the test cases  and control
individuals.  No  PCP was detected  in  the  air
collected from these groups' residences;  and
the levels of PCP exposure from the
ammunition crate  wood.   However,  high PCP
levels were found in the serum  and urine  of
the special cases, particularly three young
children who had  PCP serum levels  above  1,000
ppb (40 times the control  individual
average).  Air and wood  samples from  a
special case residence also contained PCP.
Thus, the special cases  were being subjected
to PCP exposure and additional  studies on log
home residences are recommended to define the
exposure level and the possible adverse
health effects.   No hexachlorobenzene was
found in any samples.
                               -10-

-------
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Determination  of  Pentachlorophenol in Marine
Biota and Sea  Water  by Gas-Liquid
Chromatography and High-Pressure Liquid
Chromatography.   (Journal  article)

Faas, Linda F.; Moore,  James  C.

Environmental  Research  Lab.,  Gulf Breeze, FL.

EPA-600/J-79-053;  NTIS:   PB80-163678

Pub. in Journal of Agricultural  and Food
Chemistry, v27, n3,  p554-557,  Jun 79.  (5p)

Jun 79

A method is described  for  measuring
pentachlorophenol (PCP)  in samples from the
estuarine environment.   Gas-liquid
chroma togr aphy  (GLC) is used  to  determine PCP
residues in tissues  as  low as  0.01 ppm by
formation of the  ethyl  di azohydr ocarbon
derivative, followed by Florisil cleanup.
Application of  the method  to  exposed
organisms indicates  tha.t PCP  accumulates in
mullet (Mugil  cephalus), grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes  pugio), and  eastern oysters
(Crassostrea virginica).   Sea water
concentrations  as low  as 0.002 ppb may be
detected by formation  of the  amyl
diazohydrocarbon  derivative.   Formation of
the amyl derivatives of  PCP and  several
related compounds gives GLC separation not
possible with  the methyl or ethyl
derivatives.   Parameters are  outlined for
high-pressure  liquid chroma togr aphy (LC)
determination  of  the free  phenol without
cleanup.  Ultraviolet detection  limits for
PCP by LC are  5.0 ppm  in tissues and  2.0 ppb
in seawater.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER;
Determination of Pentachlorophenol  in
Urine:  The Importance  of Hydrolysis.
(Journal article)

Edgerton, Thomas R.; Moseman,  R.F.

Health Effect.s Research  Lab.,  Research
Triangle Park, NC.  Environmental Toxicology
Div.

EPA/600/J-79/009;   NTIS:  PB-294  920/4
                               -11-

-------
NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Pub. in Jnl. of Agriculture and  Food
Chemistry, v27 nl p!97-199  1979.   (5p)

4 May 78

A gas chr oma togr aphic method  for  more
reliable determination  of pentachlorophenol
(PCP) in urine has been  developed.   After
hydrolysis and extraction the  sample was
reacted with diazomethane to  produce the
methyl ether of PCP prior to  analysis by
electron-capture gas chr oma togr aphy.  An acid
alumina column clean-up  system was  developed
to remove interferences  from  the  sample
extracts and allow de tectabili ty  of 1 ppb
PCP.  Average recoveries of greater than 90%
were obtained from urine fortified  with  known
amounts of PCP.  The importance of  hydrolysis
and comparisons of present methodologies will
also be presented.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards  for  the Timber
Products Processing Point Source Category.
(Final rept.)
Williams, Richard
Environmental
DC.  Effluent
Protect ion
Guidelines
Agency,
Div.
Washington,
EPA-440/1-81/023;  NTIS:   PB81-227282

(522p)

Jan 81

This document presents  the  findways  of  a
study of the wood preserving,  insulation
board, and not process  hardboard  segments  of
the Timber Products Processing  point source
category for the purpose of  developing
effluent limitations and guidelines  for
existing point source standards of
performance and pretreatment standards  for
new and existing point  sources  as mandated by
the Clean Water Act (P. L.  95  - 217).   The
information presented in this  document
supports regulations promulgated  in  January
1981 for the Timber Products Processing Point
Source Category.  Prescriptions of  the
treatment technologies  appropriate  for
                               -12-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
achieving the  limitations  are contained
within this document,  as well as  supporting
data, costs estimates  and  rationale for the
development of the proposed  effluent
limitations, guidelines, and  standards of
performance.

Dioxins.  Volume II.   Analytical  Method for
Industrial Wastes.   (Final rept.  Oct 78-Mar
79)

Tiernan, T.O.; Taylor,  M.L.;  Erk,  S.D.;
Solch, J.G.; Van Ness,  G.

PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.

Industrial Environmental Research  Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.  Industrial  Pollution Control
Div.

EPA-600/2-80-157;  NTIS:   PB80-220080

See also Volume 1, and  Volume 3.   (80p)

Jun 80

The overall objective  of this research
project was to develop  a unified  analytical
approach for use in quantifying ppt levels  of
tetr achlorodibenzo-p-dioxins  (TCDD's) in
various chemical wastes.  Waste samples from
plants manufacturing trichlorophenol,
pentachlor ophenol, and  hexachlor ophene , and
from processing wood preservatives were
provided by the EPA.   The  extraction
procedure developed for isolating  the TCDD's
from the various types  of  sample matrices is
fully described.  Analysis was accomplished
using highly specific  and  sensitive coupled
gas chroma togr aphic-mass spectr ome tr ic ( GC-
MS) methods.   Both low  and high resolution  MS
techniques were employed.  This methodology
is also described in detail.   The  procedures
presented in this report were acceptable for
most of the industrial  process samples
provided.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
Economic Impact Analysis of Alternative
Pollution Control Technologies,  Wood
Preserving Subcategories of  the  Timber
Products Industry.   (Technical rept.  (Final))

Little (Arthur D.),  Inc.,  Cambridge,  MA.
                               -13-

-------
SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Environmental  Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.  Office  of  Water  Planning and Standards.

EPA-440/2-80-087;   NTIS:   PB81-205825

EPA-68-01-4194

(162p)

Jan 81

The report includes an  industry
characterization  (processes,  market structure
and financial  information),  industry costs of
compliance with the effluent limitations and
an economic  impact analysis  for  existing and
new sources  resulting from the effluent
limitations  for the Wood  Preserving
Industry.  Wood treating  processes  include
pressure and non-pressure systems.   The two
pressure processes  used  are  Boulton or Steam
processes.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:



DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effect of Pentachlorophenol  on the  Growth and
Mortality of Embryonic  and Juvenile Steelhead
Trout.

Dominguez, S.E.; Chapman, G.A.

Corvallis Environmental  Research  Lab.,  OR.

EPA/600/J-84/183;  NTIS:  PB85-144129/XAB

Pub. in Archive of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 13,  p739-743
Nov. 84.  (7p)

1984

The toxicity of sodium  pentachlorophenate to
early life stages of steelhead  trout (Salmo
gairdneri) was investigated,  using  a flow-
through exposure system.  A  96-hr LC50  of 66
micrograms/1 was derived for  previously
unexposed ten-week-old  fry.   A  72-day test,
beginning 24 hr after fertilization, yielded
a chronic toxicity threshold of  14
micrograms/1.  These results, and the
acute/chronic ration of  4.7,  compare
reasonably well with values  in  the
literature.  Yolk sac edema  and  cranial
malformations, which are commonly observed  in
chronic tests with technical  grade
                               -14-

-------
                     pentachlorophenol,  were rated
                     with purified  (99%)  material.
                               in this test
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER;


NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol  on Development
of Estuarine Communities.   (Final  journal
art icle)

Tagatz, Marl in E,; Ivey, Joel  M.;  Tobia,
Michael

Environmental Research  Lab., Gulf  Breeze,
Fla.
EPA/600/J-77/069; CONTRIB-310;  NTIS
154/1
                        PB-277
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and  Environmental
Health, v3 p501-506  1977.   (6p)

3 May 77

Pentadorophenol affected the  composition of
communities of estuarine organisms  developed
in sand from planktonic larvae  in estuarine
water that  flowed through ten  control  aquaria
and ten aquaria per  exposure concentration
averaging 7, 76, or  622 microgr ams/li ter.
Annelids, arthropods, and mollusks  were  the
numerically dominant phyla when  animals  were
collected in a 1-mm-mesh sieve  after  9 wk of
exposure.  Mollusks  were markedly fewer  at 7
micrograms/liter; annelids and arthropods at
76 micrograms/liter.  Almost no  animals
occurred at 622 micrograms/liter.   The total
numbers of  individuals and species  were
significantly less (alpha = 0.01) in  aquaria
exposed to 76 microgr ams/1 i ter  than in those
unexposed or exposed to micrograms/liter.
(Copyright  (c) 1977  by Journal  of Toxicology
and Environmental Health.)
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:
The Effect of Technical  and Purified
Pentachlorophenol on the Rat  Liver.   (Journal
art icle)

Kimbrough, Renate D.; Linder,  Ralph E.
Health Effects
Triangle Park,
Div.
Research Lab., Research
NC.  Environmental Toxicology
                               -15-

-------
REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
EPA-600/J-78-163;   NTIS:   PB80-130321

Pub. in Toxicology  and Applied  Pharmacology
46, pl51-162 1978.  (14p)

17 Nov. 77

Dietary concentrations of  0,  20,  100, and  500
ppm of technical grade pentachlorophenol were
fed to male and female Sherman  strain rats
for 8 months.  The  same experiment using
purified pentachlorophenol  was  carried out.
The food consumption was measured in  all rats
during the second week of  exposure and for
one week every 6 weeks thereafter. An
autopsy was performed on all  rats at  the end
of the experiment.  The brain,  lungs, spleen,
liver, kidneys, heart, and  testes were
weighed and examined grossly  and
microscopically in  all rats fed purified
pentachlorophenol,  all female rats fed
technical pentachlorophenol,  and  in the male
rats fed the highest dose  of  technical
pentachlorophenol and the  controls.   Only  the
kidneys and livers  were examined
microscopically in  the male rats  fed  20 and
100 ppm of technical pentachlorophenol.
Although the food intake was  comparable, male
and female rats fed 500 ppm of  technical and
male rats fed 500 ppm of purified
pentachlorophenol gained less weight.  The
livers of the male  and female rats fed 500
ppm technical pentachlorophenol weighed
significantly more  than those of  the
controls.  The kidneys of  all male rats fed
purified pentachlorophenol  weighed
significantly more  than those of  the
controls; however,  there was  no dose-related
increase.  No morphological changes were seen
in the kidneys.  At the 500-ppm dietary
concentrations, technical  pentachlorophenol
produced a severe effect in the liver of
female rats characterized  by  vacuolation of
the hepatocytes, an increase  in fibroblasts
and other mononuclear cells within sinusoids,
bile duct proliferation, periportal fibrosis,
degenerated liver cells, increased mi tot ic
figures, and an accumulation  of brown pigment
in macrophage's and  in Kupffer cells.   In male
rats at the 100- or 500-ppm dietary
concentrations of technical pentachloro-
phenol, the predominant lesion  consisted of
enlarged pleomorphic hepatocytes  which had
foamy cytoplasm or  cytoplasm  with large
                               -16-

-------
                    "acuoles.   The  walls of the hepatic central
                    veins  of  the  livers in animals of both sexes
                    were  thickened.   At the 100-ppm dietary
                    concentrations  similar but less pronounced
                    effects were  observed in the livers.  Only
                    mild  alterations  were noted at the 20-ppm
                    dietary concentration.  Purified
                    pentachlorophenol caused slightly enlarged
                    liver  cells with  occasional eosinophilic
                    cytoplasmic inclusions at 500 ppm but no
                    alterations were  observed in the livers of
                    rats  fed  the  100- and 20-ppm dietary
                    concentrations.   The results suggest that
                    most  of the toxicity associated with feeding
                    technical  grade pentachlorophenol to rats at
                    these  dietary concentrations stems from toxic
                    contaminants  rather than from
                    pe nt ac h lor op he no 1.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:



SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effects of a Hexachlorobiphenyl  and
Pentachlorophenol on Growth and
Photosynthesis of Phy top lank ton.   (Journal
art icle)

Gotham, I.J.; Rhee, G-Y.
New York State Dept. of Health,  Albany.
Environmental Health Inst.

Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.

EPA-600/J-82-367; NTIS:   PB84-110261

EPA-R-806126

Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes  Research,  v8 n2
p328-335 1982.  (lip)

C1982

The effects of two organochlorine compounds
2,4,5,2',4',5',-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and
pentachlorophenol (PCP) on photosynthesis and
growth were investigated  in  semicont inuous
cultures of three species of algae:
Ank istr odesmus falcatus,  Melosira sp. , and
Microcystis sp.
                               -17-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER;


NOTES:



DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Field-and
Laboratory-Developed  Estuarine Benthic
Communities.   (Journal  article)

Tagatz, M.E.;  Ivey, J.M.;  Gregory,  N.R.;
Oglesby, J.L.

Environmental  Research  Lab.,  Gulf  Breeze, FL.

EPA-600/J-80-126; ERL.GB-J081;   NTIS:   PB81-
197378

Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination  and Toxicology 26, p!37-143
1981.  (9p)

1981

A study of the response  of  benthic
communities exposed to  pentachlorophenol
(PCP) was conducted to obtain additional
information on the effects  of this  widely
used chemical  on the  estuarine environment
and to compare its effect  on estuarine
benthic communities developed in the  field
and in the laboratory.   PCP is  used as a wood
preservative,  an insecticide, a  fungicide and
a bactericide, and has been shown  to  be toxic
to many aquatic organisms.   In  the  present
study, already established  communities were
challenged with PCP.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol  on Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes  and Porphyria Related to
Contamination with Chlorinated  Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and Dibenzofurans.   (Journal  article)

Goldstein, Joyce A.;  Friesen, Marlin;  Linder,
Ralph E.; Hickman, Patricia;  Hass,  J.  Ronald

Health Effects Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.  Environmental  Toxicology
Div.

EPA-600/J-7 7-171 , NTIS:  PB80-129976

Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology,  v26  p!549-
1557, 1977.  (lip)

12 May 76

The hepatic effects of  technical  and  pure
grade pentachlorophenol were  investigated in
                               -18-

-------
                    female rats fed  20,  100  and  500  ppm of  each
                    for 8 months.  Technical  pentachlorophenol
                    was contaminated with  8  ppm  hexa-,  520  ppm
                    hepta-, and 1380 ppm octachloro-
                    dibenzodioxins;  pure pentachlorophenol
                    contained less than  0.1 ppm  of each of  these
                    contaminants.  Technical  pentachlorophenol
                    produced hepatic porphyria and increased
                    hepatic aryl hydrocarbon  hydroxylase
                    activity, glucuronyl transferase activity,
                    liver weight,  cytochrome  P-450 and  microsomal
                    heme, but not  N-demethylase  activity.   The
                    peak of the CO-difference spectrum  of
                    cytochrome P-450 was shifted to  448  nm, and
                    there was a dramatic increase  in the 455-430
                    ratios of the  ethyl  isocyanide difference
                    spectrum.  The enzyme  changes were  observed
                    at 20 ppm of technical pentachlorophenol.
                    Porphyria occurred at  100 and 500 ppm.  Pure
                    pentachlorophenol had no  significant effect
                    on aryl hydrocarbon  hydroxylase  activity,
                    liver weight,  cytochrome  P-450,  microsomal
                    heme, the ethyl  isocyanide difference
                    spectrum or N-demethylase activity  at any
                    dose level, but did  increase glucuronyl
                    transferase at 500 ppm.   In  contrast, both
                    pure and technical pentachlorophenol
                    decreased body weight gain comparably at 500
                    ppm.  It is concluded  that technical
                    pentachlorophenol produces a number  of  liver
                    changes which  cannot be  attributed  to
                    pentachlorophenol itself, but are consistent
                    with the effects of biologically active
                    chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
                    dibenzofurans.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:
Effects of Phenol, 2,4-Dimethylphenol,  2,4-
Dichlorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol on
Embryo, Larval, and Early-Juvenile Fathead
Minnows ('Pimephales promelas')-   (Journal
art icle)

Holcombe,  Gary W.; Phipps, Gary L.;  Fiandt,
James T.

Environmental Research Lab. -Duluth, MN.

EPA-600/J-82-159;  NTIS:  PB82-207887

Pub. in Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol.  11,
p73-78, 1982.  (8p)

1982
                               -19-

-------
ABSTRACT:
Embryos of  fathead  minnows  were more
resistant to phenol,  2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-
DMP), 2,4-dichlorophenol  (2,4-DCP),  and
pentachlorophenol (PCP) than were larval or
juvenile life stages.  Growth  of 28-day-old
fish was the most sensitive  indicator of
stress during exposures to phenol,  2,4-DMP,
and PCP, whereas survival was  the most
sensitive indicator of toxic effects from
2,4-DCP exposure.   Based  on  these effects,
the estimated maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration for fathead minnows in Lake
Superior water lies between  1,830 and 3,570
micrograms/L for phenol;  1,970  and  3,110
micrograms/L for 2,4-DMP; 290  and 460
microgr ams/L for 2,4-DCP; and  44.9  and 73.0
micrograms/L for PCP.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Effects of Transplacental  Exposure to
Chlorinated Phenols.   (Journal  article)

Exon, Jerry H.; Roller, Loren D.

Idaho Univ., Moscow

Health Effects Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.

EPA-600/J-81-373; NTIS:  PB83-187914

EPA-R-807267

Pub. in Environmental  Health Perspectives,
v46 p!37-140 1982.   (6p)

1982

Female rats were exposed to 0,5,50 or 500 ppm
of 2-Chlorophenol (2CP) or pentachlorophenol
(PCP).  The study was  designed  to  produce
progeny which were exposed to the
chlorophenolic compounds both prenatally  and
postnatally.  Percent  conception,  litter
size, birth weight, and number  of  stillbirths
was determined at parturition.   Hematologic
parameters and body weights of  the progeny
were recorded at weaning age (3 weeks).
Effects on reproduction were observed in  both
the 2-CP and PCP-exposed groups, as indicated
by decreased litter sizes  and increased
number of stillborn.   The  data  indicate  that
these chlorinated phenolic compounds  may  be
feto- or embryotoxic at high doses.   Effects
                               -20-

-------
                    on  hematologic  parameters were not
                    observed.   Further  study involving
                    tr ansplacental  and  chronic exposure to these
                    chlorophenolic  compounds appears warranted.
TITLE:



CORPORATE SOURCE:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Epidemiological Notes  and  Reports:
Pentachlorophenol Poisoning  in  Newborn
Infants.

National Communicable  Disease Center,
Atlanta, Ga .

NTIS:  PB-276 321/7

Pub. in Morbidity and  Mortality  Weekly
Report, v!6 n40 p334-335 n.d.   Included  in
the report, Journal Articles on  Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276-320  (2p)

1967

From April  to August 1967, nine  cases  of  a
clinically  distinct illness  characterized by
fever and profuse sweating occurred  in a
small nursery for newborns in St. Louis,
Missouri.   Two of the  cases  were  fatal.   Only
after the ninth case developed was  it
discovered  that an antimildew agent,
containing  a high concentration  of  sodium
pentachlorophenate (the sodium salt  of
pe ntachlorophe nol) , was being used  in  the
hospital laundry.  All of  the clinical,
epidemiological, and biochemical  evidence
indicated that this outbreak resulted  from
pentachlorophenol poisoning.  The only
identified  mode of exposure  was  skin
absorption  of sodium pentachlorophenate
residues on diapers and other fabrics,
resulting from the misuse  of the  antimildew
agent in the final laundry rinse.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:
Fate and Effects of Pentachlorophenol  in
Hard- and Soft-Water Microcosms.   (Journal
art ic le)

Brockway, D.L.; Smith, P.D.; Stancil,  F.E.

Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.

EPA/600/J-84/229;  NTIS:  PB85-160430/XAB
                               -21-

-------
NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
 Pub.  in  Chemosphere 13, n!2 p!363-1377.  (17p)

 1984

 The  influence of  hard  water and soft water on
 the  fate  and  effects of pentachlorophenol
 (PCP)  was  investigated in small microcosms.
 Minor  differences in the fate of PCP and
 minor  changes in  microcosm structure were
 noted  between the hard-and soft-water
 systems.   Definite differences between hard-
 water  and  soft-water systems were detected in
 dissolved  oxygen  production and dissolved
 silica concentration at an exposure
 concentration of  4 mg  1/1 PCP.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE;


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Fate  and  Impact  of  Pentachlorophenol in a
Freshwater  Ecosystem.   (Final rept. Jul 75-
Nov 77)

Pierce, Jr,  Richard  H.

University  of Southern  Mississippi,
Hattiesburg.  Inst.  of  Environmental Science.

Environmental Research  Lab.,  Athens, GA.

EPA/600/3-78/063;   NT IS:   PB-286 830/5

EPA-R-803820

(74p)

Jul 78

The investigation was undertaken to determine
the fate  of  pentachlorophenol (PCP) that
caused extensive fish kills  in a freshwater
lake  in December 1974 and  again in December
1976.  The  kills resulted  from the accidental
release of  wood-treating wastes containing
PCP in fuel  oil.  Food  chain  relationships
were  investigated in  the lake and the
accumulation and elimination  of sublethal
concentrations of dissolved  PCP was studied
under laboratory conditions  for the bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus).  The  highest
concentrations of PCP in fish were observed
in the bile  followed  by liver, gills, and
muscle.   Lake sediment  and  leaf litter
contained high concentrations of PCP
throughout  the two-year study.  Studies of
leaf  litter  from the  contaminated water shed
                               -22-

-------
                    area showed  it  to  be  source for chronic
                    pollution of  the aquatic  ecosystem.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Fate and Impact of Mood Preservatives  in a
Terrestrial Microcosm.  (Journal  article)

Gile, Jay D.; Collins, James C.;  Gillett,
James W.

Corvallis Environmental Research  Lab.,  OR.

EPA-600/J-82-218; NTIS:   PB82-261363

Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and  Food
Chemistry, v30 n2 p295-210 Mar-Apr  82.   (9p)

6 Dec 81

The transport and effects of 14C-labeled wood
preservatives (creosote with labeled
phenanthrene or acenaphthene,
pe ntachlorophenol, and bis(tri-n-
butyltin)oxide) impregnated in wood posts
were examined in  a terrestrial microcosm
chamber (TMC-II)  in comparison to a reference
compound, the insecticide dieldrin. The TMC-
II contained a Willamette Valley  topsoil,
ryegrass, invertebrates,  and a gravid  gr ay-
tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus).
Approximately 2.5 months  after introduction
of the posts, 95% of the  chemicals  remained
in the posts.  Of the material released into
the ecosystem, most remained in the upper
soil layer immediately surrounding  the
posts.  Concentrations in plants  ranged from
0.7 ppm for dieldrin to 8.8 ppm for
phenanthrene.  Residue accumulation by  the
invertebrates was highly  variable.  Of  the
chemicals tested, creosote accumulated  in  the
vole to the greatest extent (e.g.,  whole body
concentrations of 7.2 and 37.0 ppm  for
phenanthrene and  acenaphthene, respect-
ively).  Only dieldrin exhibited  any acute
toxic effects (e.g., cricket survival).
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
Gas Chrornate-graphic Analysis of
Pentachlorophenol in Human Urine  by  Formation
of Alkyl Ethers.

Cranmer, Morris; Freal, Joseph
                               -23-

-------
CORPORATE SOURCE:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:



DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Environmental Protection Agency,  Perrine,
Fla.  Perrine Primate  Lab.

NTIS:  PB-280 882/2

Pub. in Life Sciences,  v9 p!21-128  1970.
Included in the report.  Journal  Articles  on
Toxicology, Group 15,  PB-280 879.   (9p)

18 Sep 69

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is  an  herbicide,
defoliant, and antimicrobic chemical  used
throughout the United  States as a
preservative agent for  many products.
Pentachlorophenol seems to  be  present
everywhere, appearing  in municipal  water
supplies, wells, paints, wood  and paper
products, and in urine  of every person  now
being examined.  The ubiquity  of  human
exposure to this potentially dangerous
compound has prompted  concern  in  the  field of
public health.  This interest  has been
stimulated by several recent industrial and
public intoxications which  resulted in
fatalities.  This report describes  a  simple
and rapid method for the determination  of  PCP
based upon its conversion to any  one  or more
of seven possible alkyl ethers.   PCP  ethers
are detected and quantitated by electron
capture gas chr omatogr aphy  and  their  identity
is confirmed by p-values.   Data are presented
for seven GLC columns  and three p-value
solvent systems.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:




REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Health Assessment Document  for  Inorganic
Arsenic.  External Review Draft.   (Draft
rept.)

Mushak, Paul; Piscator, Magnus; Sivulka,
Donna J.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.  Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.

EPA-600/3-83-021A; NTIS:  PB83-232306

(308p)

Jun 83

This document summarizes current scientific
information regarding the effects  of
                               -24-

-------
                    inorganic arsenic on man  and  the
                    environment.  The observed  effects,  as
                    presented herein, constitute  the  health basis
                    from which the U.S. Environmental Protection
                    Agency will make determinations regarding
                    regulatory initiatives pursuant to the  Clean
                    Air Act.  Specifically, this  document
                    discusses the following topics--phys ical and
                    chemical properties of  inorganic  arsenic;
                    environmental distribution  and cycling;
                    inorganic arsenic metabolism, toxicology and
                    essentiality--and identifies  the  factors most
                    germane to assessing quantitative and
                    qualitative human health  risks.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic
Arsenic.  Final Report

Jacobson-Kram, D.; Mushak, P.; Piscator, M.;
Sivulka, D. J.; Chu, M.

Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC.  Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office.

EPA-600/8-83-021F;  NTIS:  PB84-190891

See also PB83-232306.  (350p)

Mar 84

Inorganic arsenic, predominantly the  tr i- and
pentavalent forms, is emitted to the
environment primarily through smelting
activity, biocide use and glass
manufacturing.  Monitoring data indicate a
concentration of equal to or less than  0.1
microgram/cu m for most locations.  Major
routes of absorption of inorganic arsenic in
the general population are inhalation and
ingestion.  Inhaled inorganic arsenic
deposited in the lungs is eventually
absorbed.  Most ingested soluble inorganic
arsenic is absorbed, whereas insoluble  forms
pass through the gastrointestinal tract with
negligible absorption.  Inorganic arsenic
metabolism in man is complicated by biotrans-
formation processes which include the
me thy la t ion and oxidation-reduction
interconversion of inorganic arsenic.   Long-
term accumulation of  inorganic arsenic  does
not generally occur in physiologically  active
compartments in the body; renal clearance
                               -25-

-------
                    appears  to  be  the major  route of excretion of
                    absorbed  inorganic  arsenic.   Acute symptoms
                    of  inorganic arsenic  poisoning include severe
                    gastrointestinal damage,  facial  edema,
                    cardiovascular  reactions,  peripheral nervous
                    system disturbances,  and  hematopoi et ic system
                    effects.  General population concerns arising
                    from long-term  exposures  to  moderate levels
                    of  inorganic arsenic  include respiratory
                    tract cancer,  skin  cancer, non-cancerous skin
                    lesions,  peripheral neuropathological effects
                    and cardiovascular  effects.   There appears to
                    be  a nutritional requirement for low levels
                    of  inorganic arsenic  in  certain  experimental
                    animals;  however, this requirement has not
                    yet been  established  in man.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Impact of Tubifield Oligochaetes on  Pollutant
Transport in Bottom Sediments.   (Journal
art icle)

Karickhoff, S.W.; Morris, K.R.

Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.

EPA/600/J-85/400;  NTIS:  PB85-170140/XAB

Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology,
v!9 nl p51-56 1985.  (8p.)

1985

Pollutant transport in bottom sediments
effected by tubificid oligochaetes was
studied in laboratory microcosms.  Tubificids
burrow in surfacial sediments (typically 6-10
cm), ingest sediment fines  (silt and clay
particles), and egest them  at the
sediment/water interface  as sand-sized fecal
pellets.   Sorbed pollutants are  transported
by default in this process  irrespective of
the relative pollutant fugacities in the
system.  For the compounds  studied
(hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and
trifluralin), more than  90% of the chemicals
contained in the biologically worked zone
were transported to the  sediment surface via
this process during a 30-50 day  period.
Pollutant release into the  water column was
not comparably enhanced,  which showed a 4-6
fold increase (over a 90-day period) in the
                               -26-

-------
                     presence of the worms.  Pollutant release
                     from intact fecal pellets was highly retarded
                     by sorption.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
 Impact on and Recovery of Experimental
 Macrobenthic Communities Exposed to
 Pentachlorophenol.  (Journal article)

 Tagatz, M. E.; Deans,  C. H. ; Plaia, G. R. ;
 Pool ,  J.  D.

 Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.

 EPA-600/J-83-139;   NTIS:   PB84-144500
Pub.  in
136 Oct

1983
Northwest
83.  (8p)
Gulf Science, v6 n2 p!31-
Recovery of macrobenthic  animal communities
was determined  7  weeks  after a 5-week
exposure to 55  micrograms per  liter
pe ntachlorophenol.   The  communities developed
from planktonic larvae  in aquaria containing
clean  sand and  continuously flowing estuarine
water.  Significantly  fewer individuals and
species occurred  in  contaminated aguaria than
in control aquaria  immediately after exposure
to pentachlorophenol.   Numbers of arthropods,
chordates, echinoderms, and mollusks were
decreased; annelids  and  coelenterates were
not affected.   Seven weeks after exposure was
'discontinued, and with  continued input of
estuarine water,  the communities showed
various degrees of  recovery, carry-over
effects, and changes unrelated to exposure.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
 Indices  Identifying  Subsurface Microbial
 Communities That Are Adapted to Organic
 Pollution

 Smith, G. A.; Nickels,  J.S.; Davis,  J.D.;
 Findlay, R.H.;  Vashio,  P.S.

 Florida  State Univ., Tallahassee.   Center for
 Biomedical and  Toxicological Research.

 Robert S. Kerr  Environmental Research Lab.,
 Ada, OK.

 EPA/600/D-85/055;  NTIS:   PB85-177780/XAB
                               -27-

-------
CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
EPA-R-809994

(19p)

Mar 85

The subsurface microbiota  and  their
extracellular excretion  products are of
primary importance  in  the  maintenance of the
ground-water resources particularly  when the
water is polluted.  With the development of
quantitative biochemical assays  for  biomass,
community structure, and metabolic activities
of the microbes of  the subsurface sediments,
it proved possible  to  search for assays  that
correlated with exposure to pollution.   The
subsurface sediments from  an abandoned
creosote waste deposit showed  that exposure
to pollution increased the total microbial
biomass as measured by the extract able
phospholipid; shifted  the  community  structure
by decreasing the proportion of  gram positive
bacteria that form  glycerol teichoic acids
and induced distinctive  changes  in the  ester-
linked phospholipid fatty  acids.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions  from Glass
Manufacturing Plants:   Background Information
for Proposed Standards.   (Draft  rept.
(Final))

Environmental Protection  Agency,  Research
Triangle Park, NC.  Office of  Air Quality
Planning and Standards.

EPA-450/3-83-011A;  NTIS:  PB84-152073

(190p)

Apr 83

A national emission standard  for glass
manufacturing plants  is being  proposed under
authority of Section  112  of  the  Clean  Air
Act.  The purpose of  the  proposed standard  is
to minimize glass manufacturing  furnace
arsenic emissions to  the  level which,  in  the
judgment of the Administrator  of  the U.S.
Environmental Protection  Agency,  provides an
ample margin of safety  to protect the  public
health.  The standard will have  the  effect  of
reducing uncontrolled emissions  of arsenic
from these furnaces by  about  90  percent.
Environmental impact  and  economic impact
                               -28-

-------
                     statements Quantifying the impacts of  the
                     proposed  standard and alternative control
                     options  are included in the document.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:




REPORT NUMBER!

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
TITLE:
SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Inorganic Arsenic  Emissions from High-Arsenic
Primary Copper  Smelters  - Background
Information  for Proposed Standards.  (Draft
environmental impact  statement (Final))

Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park,  NC.  Office of  Air Quality
Planning and Standards.

EPA-450/3-83-009A;  NTIS:   PB83-234120

See also PB83-234138.   (402p)

Apr 83

Standards of performance to control emissions
of inorganic arsenic  from new  and existing
primary copper  smelters  processing feed
materials containing  an  annual average of 0.7
percent or greater arsenic are being proposed
under Section 112  of  the Clean Air Act.  This
document provides  information  on the
background and  authority,  regulatory
alternatives considered, and environmental
and economic impacts  of  the regulatory
alternat ives.

Inorganic Arsenic  Emissions from Low-Arsenic
Primary Copper  Smelters  - Background
Information  for Proposed Standards.  (Draft
environmental impact  statement (Final))

Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park,  NC.  Office of  Air Quality
Planning and Standards.

EPA-450/3-83-010A;  NTIS:   PB83-234138

See also PB83-234120.   (490p)

Apr 83

Standards of performance to control emissions
of inorganic arsenic  from new  and existing
primary copper  smelters  processing feed
materials containing  an  annual average of
less than 0.7 percent  arsenic  are being
proposed under  Section 112 of  the Clean Air
Act.  This document provides information on
                               -29-

-------
                    the background  and  authority,  regulatory
                    alternatives considered,  and environmental
                    and economic impacts  of  the regulatory
                    alternatives.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Mapping Sunken Pollutant  Pools  with Depth
Finders.

Meyer, R. A.; Brugger, J.  E.; Lowrance,  D.J.

Rockwell International, Newbury Park,  CA.

Lowrance Electronics, Inc., Tulsa,  OK.;
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.

EPA-600/D-84-076;  NTIS:   PB84-168699

Prepared in cooperation with Lowrance
Electronics, Inc., Tulsa,  OK.   (24p)

1984

Many hazardous substances  and mixtures  are
immiscible with and more  dense  than water.
When spillages or releases into waterbodies
occur, the hazardous materials  will disperse
in a pattern controlled by physical
properties of the material, flow and
dispersion effects, and topography  of  the
waterbody bed.  Mapping (i.e.,  location and
thickness determination)  of the spilled
substance is essential for prompt and
economical removal to protect biota and
ensure minimal contamination of water.
Analysis of the reflection patters  of
acoustic waves (ca. 200 kHz) beamed into
water from a boat is shown in this  and  in
previous work to serve as  an excellent
mapping technigue.  When  the project to  map
pollutants was initiated,  no suitable
commercial devices were available.  A very
effective, portable, battery-operated
prototype system was constructed.   The
reflection data (intensity vs time) were
displayed on an on-board  dual-trace
oscilloscope that had time-delay features.
Subseguently a suitable commercial  system  was
test marketed and has been successfully  used
                               -30-

-------
                    in the  field  to  locate  creosote in a
                    water body.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:


CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Microbial Degradation of Selected  Hazardous
Materials; Pentachlorophenol,
Hexachlorocyclopentadienef and Methyl
Parathion.  (Final rept. 11  Feb  77-11  May  7)

Thuma, N. K.; O'Neill, P. E.; Brownlee,  S.
G. ; Valentine, R. S.

Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, VA.

Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.

ARC-49-5707; EPA-600/2-83-117;   NTIS:   PB84-
123934

EPA-68-03-2491

(76p)

Nov 83

This program evaluated the use of  selected
pure culture microorganisms  for  potential  in
biodegrading the hazardous materials
pentachlorophenol (PCP),
hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCP),  and  methyl
parathion (MP).  Each chemical was separately
challenged by each of 24 organisms in  an
aqueous medium under aerobic  conditions.
Following the initial screening  and selection
process, pure culture organisms  identified as
having potential for biodegradation of  the
selected chemicals were subjected  to further
testing and evaluation.  Although  no fully
conclusive evidence of biodegr ada tion  of
these substances was obtained, data indicated
that a number of fungi have potential  for
disposal of PCP, HCCP, and MP.   One bacterial
culture demonstrated tolerance to  PCP  at 200
ppm in soil and appeared to reduce the  PCP
concentration in an aqueous medium when
dextrose was provided.  This  isolate may have
potential for-removal of PCP  from  spill-
contaminated areas.  A fungus also showed
some potential for degrading  PCP.   Time
constraints and budgetary requirements
precluded the use of C-14-labeled  chemicals
and the extensive analyses required for
isolation, identification, and quantification
of potential by-products and  metabolities  of
                               -31-

-------
                    the biodegradation  or  biotransformation of
                    the selected  chemicals.   Improvements on
                    existing HPLC and GC-EC  methods were
                    developed.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Microbiological Decontamination of
Pentachlorophenol-Contarainated  Natural
Waters.

Martinson, M. M.; Steiert, J. G.; Saber,  D.
L.; Mohn, W. W.; Crawford, R. L.

Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.

Environmental Research Lab.  - Duluth, MN.

EPA/600/D-84/225;  NTIS:  PB84-246263

EPA-R-810016

(18p)

Sep 84

Inoculation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated
natural waters with cells of a
pentachlorophenol-degradi ng  Flavor bacterium
was shown to be an effective method  for
decontamination of PCB-polluted aquatic
environments.  Numerous  types of  waters were
decontaminated, including:   river water,  lake
water, and groundwater.  Decontamination  was
most effective between 15 C  and 30 C, and
between pH 7.5 and pH 9.0.   Inoculation of
waters with as few as 10,000 cells/ml
resulted in effective PCP removal.   PCB
concentrations between 10 ppb and 100 ppm
were reduced to undetectable levels, usually
within 48 hours.  Microbiological
decontamination of PCP-polluted waters
appears to be a promising waste treatment
alternative when compared to traditional
treatment techniques.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:
Multimedia Pollution Assessment  of  the Wood
Products Industries.   (Final  rept. )

Casana, J.

Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland,  ME.

Industrial Environmental Research  Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.
                               -32-

-------
REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
EPA-600/2-81-008;  NTIS:   PB84-160266

EPA-68-03-2605

(296p)

Feb 84

This report presents a summary  and  commentary
on pollutants, abatement  technologies,  and
regulations in the wood products
industries.  Industries included  in the  study
are pulp, paper and paperboard,
veneer/plywood , particleboard,  millwork  and
structural members, fabricated  wood products,
and gum and wood chemicals, and wood
preserving.  Water pollution  abatement
legislation has established guidelines  based
on Best Practicable Control Technology
Currently Available (BPCTCA).   These
guidelines primarily address  conventional
pollutants, including five-day  biochemical
oxygen demand  (BODS), total suspended solids
(TSS) and pH.  In addition, guidelines  based
on Best Available Technology  Economically
Achievable (BATEA) and Best Conventional
Pollutant Control Technology  (BCPCT) are
currently being established to  address
conventional, priority (toxic), and
nonconventional (neither  conventional nor
toxic) pollutants.  Existing  external air
pollution control devices, in conjunction
with internal process controls, can be
effective in the reduction of air pollutants,
especially particulates and sulfur  dioxide.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE;


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:


CONTRACT NUMBER:
Pentachlorophenol in the Environment:
Evidence for Its Origin from Commercial
Pentachlorophenol by Negative Chemical
lonization Mass Spectrometry.   (Journal
art icle)

Kuehl, Douglas W.; Dougherty, Ralph C.

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.  Dept.  of
Chemistry.

Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze,  FL.

EPA-600/J-80-085; ERL.GB-JO070;  NTIS:   PB81-
125676

EPA-R-806334-00-10
                               -33-

-------
NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT!
Pub. in
Apr 80.
Analytical
 (5p)
Chemistry, v!4 n4 p447-449
18 Jan 80
Commercial pentachlorophenol  (PCP)  contains
significant quantities of  te tr achlorophenol
(TCP).  The occurrence of  TCP  in
environmental samples provides  a  chemical
marker of PCP originating  from  commercial
formulations.  Negative  chemical  ionization
mass spectrometry has been used to  examine a
commercial PCP formulation and  a  series  of
environmental and human  samples.
Tetr achlorophenol was determined  by the  ion
current at m/z 229, tetrachlorophenoxide, and
PCP was determined by the  ion  current at m/z
267, pentachlorophenoxide.  The ion current
at m/z 267 may include contributions from the
oxygen/chloride exchange product  of
hexachlorobenzene, an environmental precursor
of PCP.  The ratio of PCP  to TCP  in Dowcide
G-ST, a commercial PCP formulation, was  2.5
plus or minus 0.1.  The  ratio  of  m/z 267 to
m/z 229 in a jellyfish,  Mnemiopsis  macrydi,
from the Gulf of Mexico  was 2.7 plus or  minus
0.1, in human semen it was 4.1  plus or minus
0.1, and in human adipose  tissue  it was  15.5
plus or minus 0.1.  PCP  in the  semen was
concentrated in the sperm  cells by  a factor
of 9.
TITLE:

AUTHOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Pentachlorophenol:  Position  Document 1.

Environmental Protection Agency,  Arlington,
VA.  Of ice of Noise Abatement and  Control.

EPA/SPRD-80/85;  NTIS:  PB81-109464

(70p)

18 Oct 78

The report is a preliminary risk  assessment
for pentachlorophenol.  It gives  a
preliminary examination of its use,
environmental residues, and health effects
including toxicology data.  Limited
information is provided for exposure  and
extent of risk.  Results of a literature
search are provided.
                               -34-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:

ABSTRACT;
Predator-Prey  (Vole-Cricket)  Interactions:
The Effects of Wood  Preservatives.   (Journal
article)

Gillett, J. W.; Gile, J.  D. ;  Russell L.K.

Corvallis Environmental Research  Lab.,  OR.

Northrop Services, Inc.,  Corvallis,  OR.

EPA-600/J-83-068; NTIS:   PB84-110048

Prepared in cooperation with  Northrop
Services. Inc., Corvallis, OR.  Pub. in
Environmental Toxicology  and  Chemistry,  v2
p83-93.  (13p)

c!983

The rate'of loss of  crickets  (Acheta
domestica), with and without  the  presence  of
an adventitious predator, the gray-tailed
vole (Microtus canicaudus), has been studied
in Terrestrial Microcosm  Chambers (TMC-II)
treated with pine stakes  impregnated with
creosote, bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide  (TBTO),
dieldrin (HEOD), pentachlorophenol  (PCP) or  a
toluene solvent control.  The first-order
rate of cricket loss (-k) increased  only for
HEOD, to a maximum at 33d post-treatment with
oscillations of about a 16-d  period.  This
result infers a 'cricket-available'
compartment of HEOD  and/or metabolites  with
concentrations that must  be greater  than
those measured in air, soil,  water  or  plants
and other biota.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:
Preliminary Study of Sources of  Inorganic
Arsenic.  (Final rept.)

Miles, A. J.; Brooks, G. W.; Keller,  L.  E.

Radian Corp., Durham, NC

Environmental Protection Agency,  Research
Triangle Park, NC.  Office  of Air  Quality
Planning and Standards.
                               -35-

-------
REPORT NUMBER:


CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
RAD-82-240-016-18-12;  EPA-4 50/5-82-0 05;
NTIS:  PB83-153528

EPA-68-02-3058

(322p)

Aug 82

The purpose  of  this  study was to analyze the
severity of  inorganic  arsenic emissions from
seven source categories  including primary
copper, lead, and zinc  smelting, secondary
lead smelting,  cotton ginning, glass
manufacturing,  and arsenic chemical
manufacturing.  The  magnitudes of arsenic
emissions from  each  source category were
quantified and  control  systems were
investigated to determine baseline and
estimated best  control  (EEC)  for arsenic.
The environmental, energy, and economic costs
of implementing EBC, in  source categories
where it is  not being used,  were estimated.
Two source categories,  primary lead smelting
and arsenic  chemical manufacturing, were
determined to have EBC  in place as a result
of compliance with existing  regulations.  The
number of people exposed  to  arsenic from each
of the source categories  will be assessed
separately by EPA using  emissions and stack
data generated  in this  study.   The physical
and chemical characteristics  of arsenic and
their impact on the  control  of arsenic
emissions from  the source categories were
also examined.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:
Removal and Treatment  of  Contaminated River
Bottoms:  Field Demonstration.   (Final rept.
Apr 73-Apr 75)

Agnew, R. W.

Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee,  WI.

Municipal Environmental Research  Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.

EPA-600/2-84-006;  NTIS:   PB84-129022

EPA-68-03-0182

(70p)
                               -36-

-------
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Jan 84

This report documents  the  results of  a
project to remove creosote contaminated  river
bottom muds from the Little Menomonee River
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.   Bioassays  were
conducted to determine  toxicity  levels for
aquatic organisms, and  primary  skin
irritation tests were  performed  to establish
skin irritation levels  in  humans.   Based on
these tests, an allowable  residual
concentration of 500 mg/kg of hexane  solubles
was established.  The  removal/treatment
system was designed and operated  to
accomplish the cleanup  with an  absolute
minimum of damage to the shoreline and
adjacent land.  The system consisted  of  two
floating, hydr aulical ly powered  river
sweepers to dredge mud  from the  river bottom
and pump the material  to a presettling tank
for removal of sand and other high density
sol ids.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Removal of Hazardous Material  Spills  from
Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies.   (Final  rept.
Jul 72-Dec 74)

Hansen, Charles A.; Sanders, Robert G.

Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.

Municipal Environmental Research  Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH

EPA/600/2-81-137;  NTIS:  PB81-230922

EPA-68-03-0181, EPA-68-03-0182

Prepared in cooperation with Industrial  Bio-
Test Labs., Inc. Northbrook, IL.   (113p)

Jul 81

This report documents  the results of  a  study
to determine  the feasibility of removing
spilled insoluble hazardous  materials from
the bottom of flowing  watercourses.
Descriptions  are given of two  full-scale
systems developed to suck up spilled
materials and contaminated bottom mud, remove
excess water  from the  pumped slurry,  and
decontaminate the water removed so that  it
can be returned to the stream.
                               -37-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Removal of Phenolic Compounds  from Wood
Preserving Wastewaters.   (Final  rept.  Nov.
20, 78-May 20, 80)

Wallin, Bruce K. ; Condren, Arthur  J. ;  Walden,
Roy L.

Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc.,  Portland,  ME.

Industrial Environmental  Research  Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH

EPA-600/2-81-043;  NTIS:  PB81-172637

EPA-68-03-2605

(150p)

Mar 81

Laboratory and pilot-scale studies  were
undertaken to develop economically  feasible
technologies for  the treatment of  wastewaters
from wood preserving operations.   Of prime
concern was the removal of phenol  and  its
chlorinated derivatives,  in particular,
pentachlorophenol.  Screening analysis of the
wastewater indicated that pentachlorophenol
was the only chlorinated  derivative
consistently present in concentrations of
approximately 100 mg/1.  Treatment
technologies investigated for  the  treatment
of these wastewaters included:   (1)
adsorption;  (2)  biological oxidation; (3)
chemical oxidation; (4) coagulation; (5)
extraction; and (6) pH adjustment.   Each of
the above, alone  or in combination,  was
capable of yielding a measurable reduction in
the concentration of total phenols  and
pentachlorophenol in the  untreated
wastewater.  Two  technologies  yielded
consistently high levels of treatment:   pH
adjustment of this wastewater, followed  by
adsorption with bentonite clay and  final
polishing by the  polymeric adsorbant,  XAD-4 ;
and pH adjustment of the wastewater, followed
by extraction with a mixture of No.  2  fuel
oil and a co-solvent such as still  bottoms
from amyl alcohol production.
                               -38-

-------
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Screening Study  to  Development Background
Information and  Determine the Significance of
Air Contaminant  Emissions from Pestiei^e
Plants.

Ifeadi, C. N.

Battelle Columbus Labs.,  Ohio.

Environmental Protection  Agency,  Washington,
D.C.  Office of  Pesticide Programs.

EPA/540/9-75/026;   NTIS:   PB-244  734/0

EPA-68-02-0611

(85p)

Mar 75

In this study, available  background
information is developed  and  the  significance
of air contaminant  emissions  from the
manufacture of six  pesticides determined.
Pesticides studies  are  (1)  insecticides:
methyl parathion and  toxaphene;  (2)
trifluralin; (3) fungicides and wood
preservatives:   pentachlorophenol;  and (4)
fumigant:  paradichlorobenzene.   Background
information is gathered from  published data
and responses to the  questionnaires  sent  to
the pesticide manufacturing firms.   Based on
the available data, production  projections
are made up to the  year 1980.   A  list of
manufacturers of each pesticide  is
presented.  Manufacturing processes,  raw, and
waste material handling,  air  contaminant
emission sources, quantity or quality, and
pollutants, together  with their present
practical control methods are discussed.
Significance of  air contaminant emissions
from the pesticide  industries is  evaluated  on
the basis of available data on  the  emission
quantities and/or toxicity of  the pollutants
emitted.  Gaps in the data required  to make a
complete evaluation of  significance  are
identified and recommendations  to fill those
gaps are made..
                               -39-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:



CORPORATE SOURCE:


SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:
DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Selected Non-Carcinogenic Effects of
Industrial Exposure to  Inorganic  Arsenic.
(Final rept.)

Landau, Emanuel; Thompson, Donovan J. ;
Feldman, Robert G.; Goble, Guy J.;  Dixon,
Wilfrid J.

American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C.

Boston Univ., Mass. School of Medicine;
Washington Univ.,  Seattle.  School  of Public
Health and Community Medicine.; California
Univ., Los Angeles.; Environmental  Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.  Office  of Toxic
Substances.

EPA/560/6-77/018;  NTIS:  PB-276  988/3

EPA-68-01-2490

Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ.,
Mass. School of Medicine, California  Univ.,
Los Angeles, Washington Univ., Seattle.
School of Public Health and Community
Medicine.  (41p)

Oct 77

In June 1976, a study team representing  four
Universities and a research institution
carried out a study of possible neurological
effects of long-term exposure to  airborne
arsenic trioxide in a western copper
smelter.  The study involved comparing active
working men heavily exposed to arsenic in the
work force with workers not so exposed.  Its
purpose was to determine whether  nerve
conduction velocity can be utilized as a
biological indicator of the subtle  health
effects of chronic exposure to inorganic
arsenic in a community setting.   The  double-
blind electrophysiologic and clinical study
was based on 111 volunteers recruited from a
selected set of smelter workers with  at  least
five years of high urinary arsenic  levels (37
men) and five years of low urinary  levels (33
men).  The control population consisted  of
members of the same union who worked  at  an
aluminum plant in  the same city (13 men) as
well as male municipal employees  with no
industrial exposure (28 men).  The
conclusions of the study are that:  (1)
                               -40-

-------
                    chronic  arsenic  exposure in an industrial
                    setting  affects  the  peripheral nervous
                    system,  and  (2)  the  neurologic parameters
                    used in  this study appear  to be suitable for
                    use  in screening a community population for
                    changes  related  to arsenical neuropathies.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:


NOTES:



DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Succession of Microfungi  in  Estuarine
Microcosms Perturbed by Carbaryl,  Methyl
Parathion and Pentachlorophenol.   (Journal
art icle)

Cook, W. L.; Fiedler, Denise;  Bourquin,  A.  W.

Environmental Research Lab., Gulf  Breeze,  FL.

EPA-600/J-80-098; ERL/GB/CONTRIB-397;
NTIS:  PB81-129512

Prepared in cooperation with Georgia  State
Univ., Atlanta.  Dept. of Biology.  Pub.  in
Botanica Marina, v23 p!29-131  1980.   (5p)

c!980

The effects of carbaryl, me thylpar athion and
pentachlorophenol on the microfungal
succession of an estuarine microcosm  were
examined.  Resident fungi were succeeded  by
Fusarium in the carbaryl-treated microcosm;
by a fungus in the Penicillium chrysogenum
series in the methyl parathion-treated
microcosm; and by a fungus in  the  Penicillium
canescens series in the pentachlorophenol
treated microcosm.  Small auantities  of  14C02
were released from the xenobiotic  molecules
by fungi selected from the microcosms.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:

CORPORATE SOURCE:

SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:
Survey of Methods Used to Control Wastes
Containing Hexachlorobenzene.   (Final  rept.)

Quinlivan, S.; Ghassemi, M.; Santy,  M.

TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.  Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs.

EPA/530/SW-120c;  NTIS:  PB-253  051/7

EPA-68-01-2956
                               -41-

-------
NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
 (92p)

 1976

 This study presents  the  results of  a survey
 of methods used  to control  wastes  containing
 hexachlorobenzene  (HCB).  The  specific
 objectives were  to identify the sources and
 characteristics  of manufacturing wastes
 containing HCB,  to document methods used for
 treatment and disposal of HCB  wastes,  and to
 evaluate the environmental  adequacy of the
 treatment and disposal methods.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Technical and Microeconomic  Analysis of
Arsenic and Its Compounds.   (Final  rept.  on
task 2)

Burruss, Jr., Robert P.,  Sargent, Donald  H.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.

Environmental Protection  Agency,  Washington,
D.C.  Office of Toxic Substances.

454-2; EPA/560/6-76/016;  NTIS:   PB-253 980/7

EPA-68-01-2926
                      Mar  75,  PB-244 625.
See also report dated
(242p)

Apr 76
The role of arsenic (and  its  compounds)  in
the environment and in  the  economy  of  the
United States was studied,  to  evaluate  the
need for and the projected  effect of
controlling its production, use, dissipation,
and emission.  The ocurrence,  chemistry, and
toxicology were reviewed; the  prevalence of
arsenic as an impurity  in commercial raw
materials, processes, and products  was
systematically documented;  the  intentional
commercial flow of arsenical  products was
quantified; the sources of  pollution were
identified and characterized;  and the health
hazards were evaluated.  The  intentional
production and use of arsenic  and its
compounds is greatly exceeded  by the
quantities unintentionally  mobilized by
industrial activities.  The arsenic currently
in food and water presents  no  identifiable
health hazard, and present  controls on
                               -42-

-------
                    arsenical products, by  a  number  of  Government
                    agencies, appear adequate.   Emissions
                    particulate collection  devices  appear
                    adequate.  Emissions  to the  air  from high-
                    temperature processes are large,  particulate
                    collection devices appear  largely inadequate,
                    and the dangers presented are of  serious
                    concern.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:



NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Toxicity of Creosote-Contarainted  Sediment to
Pield-and Laboratory-Colonized  Estuarine
Benthic Communities.   (Journal  article)
Togatz, M.E.
E. M.
Plaia, G.R.; Deans, C.H.; Lores
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf  Breeze,  FL.

EPA-600/J-83-189; CONTRIB-486;   NTIS:   PB84-

175231

Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry, v2 p441-450, 1983.   (13p)

8 Aug 83

Macrobenthic animal communities  that
colonized uncontaminated and creosote-
contaminated sand during 8 weeks were
compared to assess effects of marine-grade
creosote on community structure.   Aquaria
were colonized in the laboratory by
planktonic larvae entrained in continuously
supplied unfiltered seawater and in the  field
by animals that occurred naturally.
Individuals and species in aquaria that
contained 844 and 4420 micrograms  creosote/g
were significantly fewer than those in  the
control.  Abundance of animals in  field-
colonized communities contaminated with  177
micrograms/g, but not in laboratory-colonized
communities, also was less than  that  in  the
control.  The lowest concentration at either
site that affected numbers of individuals  or
species was 844 micrograms/g for mollusks  and
177 micrograms/g for echinoderms,  annelids,
and arthropods.  Initial measured
concentrations of creosote in sand (mid-range
concentration) decreased by 30%  in the
laboratory and by 42% in the field at the  end
of the eight-week test.
                               -43-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

SPONSOR:

REPORT NUMBER:


NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
                    Toxicity of  Pentachlorophenol  and Related
                    Compounds  to Early  Life  Stages of Selected
                    Estuarine Animals.   (Journal  article (Final))

                    Borthwick, Patrick  W.; Schimmel,  Steven C.

                    Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.

                    EPA/600/J-78/076; CONTRIB-343;   NTIS:   PB-290
                    073/6

                    Pub. in Pentachlorophenol,  p!41-146 1978.
                    (8p)

                    1978

                    Newly hatched individuals of  four estuarine
                    species were exposed  to  pentachlorophenol
                    (PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate  (Na-PCP),  or
                    Dowicide G (79%Na-PCP),  in  static toxicity
                    tests.  The  96-hour LC50 values  for
                    sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon  variegatus) fry
                    exposed to PCP at ages 1-day,  2-week,  4-week,
                    and 6-week were 329,  392, 240,  and  223
                    micrograms/1, respectively.  The  96-hour  LC50
                    value for 2-week-old  fry exposed  to Dowicide
                    G was 516 micrograms/1.  The  larvae (48-hour
                    post hatch)  of pinfish,  Lagodon  rhomboides,
                    were particularly sensitive to  Na-PCP  (96
                    hour LC50:   33 micrograms/1) and  Dowicide
                    G(96-hour LC50:66 micrograms/1).   For  24-
                    hour-old grass shrimp  (Palaemonetes pugio)
                    larvae exposed to NA-PCP the 96-hour LC50 was
                    649 micrograms/1.   NaPCP caused  abnormal
                    development  of eastern oyster  (Crassostrea
                    virginica) embryos, the  48-hour  EC50 being  40
                    micrograms/1.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE:


SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:
                    Treating Wood Perserving Plant Wastewater  by
                    Chemical and Biological Methods.   (Final
                    rept.)

                    White,  John T.; Bursztynsky, T. A.;  Crane,
                    John D.; Jones, Richard H.

                    Environmental Science and Engineering,  Inc.,
                    Gainesville, 'Fla.

                    Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.   Forest
                    Products Div.; Industrial Environmental
                    Research Lab.-Cincinnati , Ohio.

                    EPA/600/2-76/231;  NTIS:  PB-265  454/9
                               -44-

-------
CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
EPA-12100-HIG

Prepared by Koppers Co.,  Inc.,  Pittsburgh,
Pa.  Forest Products  Div.   (lllp)

Sep 76

A completely mixed activated  sludge system
was designed for a wood preserving plant with
an average daily wastewater  flow of 27,000
I/day (7,150 gal/day), a  BOD  concentration of
1,100 mg/1, and a phenol  concentration of 120
mg/1.  Included in the design were
capabilities for pre- and  pos t-
chlorination.  The activated  sludge system
alone was  capable of  removing 90 percent BOD,
75 percent COD, 99 percent phenol, and 76
percent pentachlorophenol.  Post chlorination
dosages of over 50 mg/1 resulted in 50 and 52
percent reductions of phenol  and
pentachlorophenol, respectively.   Laboratory
pre-chlorination studies  showed removal of
phenol and pentachlorophenol  at chlorine
dosages in excess of  250  mg/1.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:


CORPORATE SOURCE;


SPONSOR:



REPORT NUMBER:

CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Validation of an Emission  Measurement Method
for Inorganic Arsenic  from Stationary
Sources:  Proposed Method  108.   Laboratory
and Field Test Evaluation.   (Final  rept.)

Ward, T. E. ; Jayanty,  R. K.  M.;  Groshse,  P.
M.; Gutknecht, W. F. ;  Brut fey,  C.  L.

Research Triangle Inst., Research  Triangle
Park, NC .

PEDCo-Environmental, Inc.,  Cincinnati,  OH.;
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.

EPA/600/4-84/080;  NTIS:   PB85-115160/XAB

EPA-68-02-3767

Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-
Envir onmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.   (94p)

Oct 84

The United States Environmental  Protection
Agency (USEPA) has listed  inorganic arsenic
emissions as a hazardous air pollutant.  USEPA
proposed Method 108  for the  measurement of
                               -45-

-------
                    these  emissions  from stationary sources has
                    been subjected  to  validation studies in this
                    work.   Laboratory  and field studies were
                    performed.   Laboratory studies included
                    analysis of  laboratory samples, preparation
                    and analysis  of  liquid and filter audit
                    samples, and  sample  stability
                    determinations.  Field studies included
                    determination of  the precision of the method
                    in the  measurement of inorganic arsenic
                    emissions  from  stationary sources at the two
                    industries currently subject to the USEPA
                    proposed inorganic arsenic emissions
                    regulations.  Considering the sampling sites
                    and the variability  of process operations,
                    these  results indicate a  highly acceptable
                    degree of  precision.  Literature reviews to
                    reveal  the sources of emissions are
                    reported.  Recommendations are made for
                    improving  the method.
TITLE:

AUTHOR:

NOTE:


DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Wood Preservatives Decision  Fact  Sheet

USEPA Office of Pesticide  Programs

In Office of Pesticide Program  Fact  Sheets
(6p. )

July 11, 1984

No Abstract Available
TITLE:



AUTHOR:



REPORT NUMBER;

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
Wood Preservative Pesticides  Creosote/
Pentachlorophenol and  the  Inorganic
Arsenicals  (Wood Uses) Position Document 2/3.

Environmental Protection Agency,  Washington,
D.C.  Office of Pesticides  and  Toxic
Substances.

EPA-540/9-82-004;  NTIS:   PB82-229956

Errata sheet inserted.  (906p)

Mar 82

This document details  the  final  determination
regarding the Rebut table Presumption  Against
Registration (RPAR) of products  containing
the above chemical.  The responses by EPA to
comments on the preliminary determination by
                               -46-

-------
TITLE:



AUTHOR:


REPORT NUMBER:

NOTES:

DATE:

ABSTRACT:
the Scientific Advisory  Panel  and  the United
States Department of Agriculture are
contained  in the document.   A  bibliography of
citations used in this final determination is
also provided.

Wood Preservative Pesticides:   Creosote,
Pentachlorophenol and  the  Inorganic
Arsenicals.  Position  Document 4.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.  Office of Pesticide Programs.

EPA/540/9-84/003;  NTIS:   PB84-241538

See also PB82-229956.  (367p)

Jul 84

This Position Document 4 contains  the
Environmental Protection Agency's  (EPA)  final
decision on the Wood Preservatives
Pentachlorophenol, Creosote  and  Inorganic
Arsenicals.  EPA has decided to:  restrict
use of these chemicals to  certified
applicators; reguire reduction of  dioxin
(HxCDD) in pentachlorophenol products;
institute a consumer awareness program  for
sate handling of pr essur e-tr eated  wood;  and
further protect workers  in wood  treatment
plants through protective  clothing  and  other
measures.  This regulatory action  was taken
under the authority of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide  Act.
TITLE:


AUTHOR:


SPONSOR:


REPORT NUMBER:


CONTRACT NUMBER:

NOTES:


DATE:
Mood Preserving Industry  Multimedia Emission
Inventory.  (Final rept.  Apr  78-Jun 80)

DaRos,  Bruce; Fitch, Bill;  Franklin,  Carole;
Friedman, Mike; Merrill,  Richard

Industrial Environmental  Research  Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.

ACUREX-FR-80-53/EE; EPA-600/2-81-066;
NTIS:  PB81-205999

EPA-68-03-2584

Acurex Corp., Mountain View,  CA.   Energy and
Environmental Div.  (269p)

Apr 81
                               -47-

-------
ABSTRACT:
Restriction of  the  discharge  of  wastewater
generated during  the  preservation of wood has
resulted in the increased  use of evaporation
techniques by the wood  preserving industry.
This report discusses emissions  that may
occur during evaporation and  projects the
pollutant burden  on the environment.  The
information presented includes a description
of the wood preserving  industry, its
products, the regulations  impacting its
emissions, and  the  nature  of  its emissions.
The application of  preservatives is discussed
in detail and includes  discussions of the
waste streams generated during the treatment
process.  Disposal  of the  generated waste-
water is the primary  topic of discussion,
supported by the  laboratory and  field
sampling data.  The measured  emissions are
compared to evaporation models,  followed by
an industrywide projection of the emission of
organics if evaporation is used  for the
disposal of wastewater.  The  impact of
regulations on  future emission rates is also
projected.  The primary conclusion of this
work is that organic  compounds are emitted to
the atmosphere  during evaporation.  The rate
of release is based on  the type  of
evaporation system  used:   solar  ponds,
thermal (pan) evaporators, spray ponds or
cooling towers; the temperature  (thermal)
driving force used; the molecular weight and
volatility of the substances; and the
concentration of  each component  in solution
following wastewater  pr etr eatme nt.
TITLE:



AUTHOR:

REPORT NUMBER:

ABSTRACT:
 [Settlement agreement  between EPA and the
American Wood Preservers  Institute.   FIFRA
Docket Nos. 529, et  al.l

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPA 540/MISC, FIFRA  DOCKET NO. 529,  et al.

A settlement agreement on regulatory measures
covering the distribution,  sale  and  use of
pesticides for preserving  wood has been
reached by the U.S.  Environmental  Protection
Agency and major parties  representing the
wood preserving industry.   However,  the issue
of what hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD)
contaminant limit will be  imposed  for
pentachlorophenol products  was not resolved
by the settlement.   The agreement  was signed
                               -48-

-------
on September 30.   Representatives of the wood
preserving industry participating in the
agreement were  the American  Wood  Preservers
Institute, the  National  Forest  Products
Association, the Society of  American Wood
Preservers, the Chapman  Chemical  Company, and
other wood preservative  registrants.  The
terms of this settlement agreement,  will be
implemented through notice  in  the Federal
Register.  In July, 1984, the  agency issued a
notice requiring extensive  changes to the
terms and conditions of  registration for the
wood preservative  pesticides creosote,
pentachlorophenol, and inorganic
arsenicals.  The changes restricted  the use
of these products  to certified  applicators,
required protective clothing for  workers
using the chemicals, and imposed  a limitation
on the HxCDD contamination  of
pentachlorophenol.  The  notice  also  called
for the  implementation of aeons umer  awareness
program  to inform  the public about the  proper
use and  handling of wood treated  with
preservatives.  Numerous registrants, trade
associations and user groups challenged the
agency's action under provisions  of  the
Federal  Insecticide, Fungicide  and
Rodenticide Act and requested  a hearing
beofre an administrative law judge.   These
reauests automatically delayed  the effective
date of  the agency's action.  In  the
settlement that has been reached, EPA and the
participating parties have  agreed to adopt
certain modifications in the registrations of
the three wood  preservative  pesticides, thus
avoiding a lengthy hearing on  these  issues.
Specifically, the  settlement agreement
includes provisions for  restricting  most uses
of wood  preservatives to certified
applicators; label changes governing the use
of the pr eservt ives; and measures to reduce
worker exposure, including the  wearing  of
protective clothing.  For the  limited number
of creosote uses not restricted to certified
applicators, the industry has  agreed to adopt
stringent packaging and  labeling  restrictions
for the  affected products and  to  institute a
mandatory, EPA-approved  training  program for
all applicators.   Also under the  agreement,
the trade associations (on behalf of their
members) have agreed to  implement a  voluntary
consumer awareness program  for  providing the
public with information  about  the proper use,
handling and disposal of treated  wood.   Ths
           -49-

-------
program includes  an  industry-sponsored audit
approved by the agency  which  is  designed to
evaluate the success of  the voluntary
program.  The associations have  agreed to
begin this program within  60  days.   The
agreement does not resolve the  issue of the
HxCCD limitation  for pentachlorophenol
products.  The agency and  certain
pentachlorophenol registrants are currently
involved in negotiations on this  issue.
Copies of this agreement can  be  obtained by
calling or writing to:
   Office of Public Affairs (A-107)
   U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
   401 M Street,  S.W.
   Washington, D.C.  20460
   (202) 382-4355
           -50-

-------
U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
Region V, Li ?rary
230  South Dearborn Street
Chicago,  Illinois  60604

-------