001B85102
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES RND TONIC SUBSTANCES
OFFICE OF TOHIC SUBSTANCES
Information Management Division
Chemical Information Branch
01 3
WOOD PRESERVATIVES:
A
CHRONOLOGY OF REGULATORY
ACTION & BIBLIOGRAPHY
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CHEHICRL LIBRARY
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V, U'•••'' v
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US. environment
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iUOOD PBESEBUflTIUES:
fl Chronology of Regulatory fictions fr
Bibliography
Information has been gathered on the issue of mood
preseruatlues to assist you in finding answers to questions on
the regulatory status, restrictions on the uses of treated
wood, and scientific studies and reports produced on this
subject of wide public concern.
Bbout this Bibliography
This bibliography is arranged in two sections:
• Regulatory Information including Federal Register
(FB) and Code of Federal Begulations (CFB) references
• EPB funded report references
Bibliography updates will be compiled and sent to you as they
become auailable.
Document Buailability
The OTS Chemical Library staff recognizes that a bibliography is
of little ualue if the documents it refers to are not readily
auailable. The staff has made euery effort to make all the
Items referenced here a part of the OTS Chemical Library
Collection. To obtain a copy of any of these documents, or to
make suggestions for other OTS Chemical Library subject
bibliographies please contact:
Beraldine D. Nowak, Head
The OTS Chemical Library
US Enuironmentai Protection Hgency
Office of TOHIC Substances (TS-793)
401 M Street SUI
Washington, DC 20460
(202)382-3568
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Regulatory Information
These citations from the Federal Register database
refer to Federal Register (FR) notices and the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) .
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TITLE:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Federal Register Vol. 50, no. 20 p. 4269
January 30, 1985
Notice: EPA postpones until further notice proposal
(July 13, 1984, 49 FR 28666) to cancel registration
tor pesticide products containing
pentachlorophenol & inorganic arsenicals.
Jan 30, 1985. Doc. No. OPP-41001A.
Langley (703) 557-7401.
creosote,
Effective
Contact: Carol
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 49 No. 240 p. 48367
DATE: December 12, 1984
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA decides to cancel most non-wood use
registrations, and to modify remaining registrations,
for pesticide products containing pentachlorophenol.
See issuance of RPAR (rebut table presumption against
registration) at 43 FR 48443 (Oct 18, 1978). Comment
deadline Feb 11, 1985. Discussion through p. 48372.
Doc. No. OPP-3000/30B. Contact: Lois Rossi (703)
557-7452.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 49 No. 215 p. 44238
DATE: November 5, 1984
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA extends until Dec 21, 1984 the comment
period on preliminary determination against
registration of pesticide products containing
creosote, coal tar and coal tar neutral oil for non-
wood preservation uses (seen Aug 22, 1984, 49 FR
33328). Doc. No. OPP-30000/28H. Contact: Lois
Rossi (703) 557-7452.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 49 No. 212 p. 43772
DATE: October 31, 1984
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA postpones Nov 1, 1984 effective date to
classify for restricted use wood preservative uses of
creosote, pentachlorophenol & inorganic arsenicals
(seen July 13, 1984, 49 FR 28666), and responds to
questions raised by States, Indian tribes, Federal
agencies and other. Effective Oct 31, 1984. Doc. No.
OPP-41001.
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TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 49 No. 164 p. 33328
DATE: August 22, 1984
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA issues preliminary determination re risks
and benefits associated with non-wood preservative
uses of creosote, coal tar and car tar neutral (see
Notice of rebuttable presumption against registration,
or RPAR, at 43 FR 48154, Oct 18, 1978) . Agency
determines risks are greater than benefits, generally,
and proposes to deny registration applications for
listed herbicidal, fungicidal, disinfectant and
repellant uses. Comment deadline Oct 22, 1984. Doc.
No. OPP-30000/28G. Contact: Lois Rossi (703) 557-
7452.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 49 No. 136 p. 28666
DATE: July 13, 1984
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA notes conclusion of admin review re
proposed cancellation or modification of pesticide
registrations for wood preservative uses of creosote,
pentachlorophenol, and inorganic arsenicals; text
lists terms and conditions to be changed to prevent
cancellation. Hearing requests due Aug 13, 1984.
Doc. No. OPP-30000/28F; PH-FRL 2630-4. Contact:
Carol Langley (703) 557-7401.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 48 No. 219 p. 51684
DATE: November 10, 1983
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA issues analysis of risks and benefits of
seven chemicals used for subterranean termite
control: chlordane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin,
lindane, pentachlorophenol, and chlopyrifos. Comment
deadline Feb 8, 1984. Doc. No. OPP-30077.
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TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 48 No. 130 p. 31081
DATE: July 6, 1983
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA receives pesticide product applications
pursuant to FIFRA: Sumitomo Chemical Merica Inc for
Danitol containing fenpropathrin for use on ornamental
and nonbearing fruit trees, Glyco Inc, for Glycoserve,
disinfectant for use as a preservative for soft
detergents and soaps, same for use as a preservative
for room deodorizers, soft detergents, and household
coatings, and as a disinfectant, algaecide, and/or
slimicide for industrial uses, Darworth Co for
Darworth Copper Neoisoate, fungicide as a wood
preservative, same for Darworth Zinc Neoisoate.
Comment deadline Aug 5, 1983. Doc. No. OPP-30229.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 48 No. 62 p. 13257
DATE: March 30, 1983
ABSTRACT: Meeting: EPA; re wood preservatives; £pr 14, 1983,
1921 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington VA; agenda,
Doc. No. OPP-30000.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 46 No. 33 p. 13020
DATE: February 19, 1981
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA preliminary determination and rebuttable
presumption against continued registration (RPAR) of
pesticide products containing coal tar, creosote and
coal tar neutral oil; pesticide products containing
inorganic arsenic and pentachlorphenol used as wood
preservatives. Comment deadline May 20, 1981. Doc.
No. OPP-30000/28C.
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TITLE
DATE
ABSTRACT
Federal Register Vol. 46
January 10, 1981
No. 5 p. 2267
Notice: EPA denies Dow Chemical petition to remove
ethylbenzene, phenol, dichlorophenol , trichlorophenol
and pentachlorophenol from Clean Water Act toxic
pollutants list.
TITLE:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Federal Register Vol. 45 No. 193
October 2, 1980
65255
Proposed: 16 CFR Part 13
FTC proposes consent agreement in matter of Darworth
Co; to require this Avon, CT manufacturer of wood
stains and wood preservative products to stop
misrepresenting its products in advertisting re EPA
registration. Comment deadline Dec 1, 1980. Fil No.
802 3001.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 44 No. 217 p. 64555
DATE: November 7, 1979
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA invites comment on Dow Chemical petition
to remove ethylbenzene, phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol,
2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol from toxic
pollutants list pursuant to Clean Water Act. Comment
deadline Jan 7, 1980.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 44 No. 62 p. 18730
DATE: March 29, 1979
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA notifies of correction to the product
search listing applicable to the
presumption against registration and
registration of certain pesticide products
coal tar neutral
15
of
coal tar, creosote, and
1979). Doc. No. OPP-30000
15771, Mar,
rebuttable
continued
containing
oil (44 FR
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TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 44 No. 52 p. 15771
DATE: March 15, 1979
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA publishes a correction to its notice of
presumption against registration and continued
registration of certain products containing coal tar,
creosote, and coal tar neutral oil. Rebuttal and
other information must be filed by Apr 30, 1979. See
product search listing which was inadvertently left
out of the original notice at 43 FR 48154, Oct 18,
1978 p. 15771.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 43 No. 230 p. 55819
DATE: November 29, 1978
ABSTRACT: Mseting: EPA Science Advisory Board, Environmental
Health Advisory Qnte will meet Dec 19, 1978, 9 am,
1921 Jeff Davis Hwy, Arlington VA; agenda includes
formal action on study group's report on
pentachlorophenol contaminants .
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 43 No. 225 p. 54290
DATE: November 21, 1978
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA extends time period for submission of
rebuttable evidence and other comments on registration
and continued registration of certain pesticide
products containing pentachlorophenol. New deadline
Feb 12, 1979. Doc. No. OPP-30000/30A. See original
notice of presumption at 43 FR 48443, Oct 18, 1978.
TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 43 No. 225 p.54289
DATE: November 21, 1978
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA extends time for submission of rebuttable
evidence and other comments on registration and
continued registration of certain pesticide products
containing coal tar, creosote and coal tar neutral
oils. New deadline Feb 12, 1979. All comments should
bear notation OPP-30000/28A. See original notice of
presumption against registration at 43 FR 48154, Oct
18, 1978.
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TITLE: Federal Register Vol. 43 No. 202 p. 48154
DATE: October 18, 1978
ABSTRACT: Notice: EPA establishes a tentative schedule for
completion of the rebuttable presumption against
registration review of the wood-treatment uses of
inorganic arsenic, pentachlorophenol, coal tar and its
derivatives. Chemicals comprise the most widely used
industrial pesticide wood treatment available.
Comments on the comparative risks and benefits of
these chemicals will assist EPA in assessing
tradeoffs. Other uses for these pesticides will be
considered in individual risk-benefit analyses for
each chemical. Doc. No. OPP-90077. SEE ALSO notice
of rebuttable presumption beginning p. 48154 and
continuing thru Book 2 of today's FR. Rebuttable
evidence and other information must be filed by Dec 4
1978. Publishes position documents on coal tar,
creosote, and coal tar neutral oil p. 48157. See list
of federally registered products containing coal tar
and creosote beginning p. (MISSING DATA) presumption
against registration and continued registration of
pesticide products containing inorganic arsenic.
Comment deadline Dec 4, 1978 p. 48267. Publishes
position documents beginning p. 48270 and continuing
into FR Book 2. See list of products containing
inorganic arsenicals p. 48399, Book 2. Doc. No. OPP-
30000/29. Notice of rebuttable presumption against
pentachlorophenol and its derivatives (PCP) is
published p. 48443, Book 2. Comment deadline Dec 4,
1978. Position document begins p. 48446. List of
products containing PCP begins p. 48478, Doc. No. OPP-
30000/30.
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EPH Funded Reports
These citations from the National Technical Information
Seruice (NTIS) database refer to EPR authored, sponsored,
contracted, or otherwise funded reports.
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Title Index to EPA Funded Reports
TITLE PAGE
Acute Toxicity of Selected Toxicants to
Six Species of Fish 1
Ambient Water Quality Criteria:
Pentachlorophenol 1
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Pentachlorophenol 2
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of Hydride
Generation and Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption Techniques for Determining Organic
and Inorganic Arsenic in Complex Wastewaters 3
Biodegradation and Photolysis of Pentachloro-
phenol in Artificial Freshwater Streams 4
Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Contamination of Two
Commercially Available Pentachlorophenols 5
Chronic Toxicity of Chlordane, Trifluralin,
Pentachlorophenol to Sheepshead Minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus) 6
Coal Tar, Creosote, and Coal Tar Neutral
Oil: Position Document 1 7
Controlled Air Incineration of Pentachlor ophenol-
Treated Wood 7
Degradation of Pentachlorophenol and
Pentachloronitrobenzene in a Laboratory
Compositing System 8
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Blood,
Urine, Tissue, and Clothing 8
Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorophene in Human Adipose Tissue 9
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Title Index to EPA Funded Reports (cont.d)
TITLE PAGE
Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorobenzene Residues 10
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Marine
Biota and Sea Water by Gas-Liquid Chroma-
tography and High-Pressure Liquid
Chromatography 11
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Urine:
The Importance of Hydrolysis 11
Developmental Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pr etr eatment Standards for the Timber
Products Processing Point Source Category 12
Dioxins. Volume II. Analytical Method for
Industrial Wastes 13
Economic Impact Analysis of Alternative
Pollution Control Technologies, Wood
Preserving Subcategories of the Timber
Products Industry 13
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on the Growth and
Mortality of Embryonic and Juvenile Steel-
head Trout 14
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Development of
Estaurine Communities 15
Effect of Technical and Purified
Pentachlorophenol on the Rat Liver 15
Effects of a Hexachlorobiphenyl and
Pentachlorophenol on Growth and
Photosynthesis of Phytoplankton 17
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Field- and
Laboratory-Developed Estaurine Benthic
Communities 18
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes and Porphyria Related to
Contamination with Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and Dibenzofurans 18
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Title Index to EPA Funded Reports (cont.d)
TITLE PAGE
Effects of Phenol, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-
Dichlorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol on
Embryo, Larval, and Early-Juvenile Fathead
Minnows ('Pimephales promelas1) 19
Effects of Transplacental Exposure to
Chlorinated Phenols 20
Epidemiological Notes and Reports:
Pentachlorophenol Poisoning in Newborn
Infants 21
Fate and Effects of Pentachlorophenol in
Hard - and Soft-Water Microcosms 21
Fate and Impact of Pentachlorophenol in a
Freshwater Ecosystem 22
Fate and Impact of Wood Preservatives in a
Terrestrial Microcosm 23
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Pentachlorophenol
in Human Urine by Formation of Alkyl Ethers 23
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic
External Review Draft 24
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic
Final Report 25
Impact of Tubificid Oligochaetes on Pollutant
Transport in bottom Sediments 26
Impact on and Recovery of Experimental
Macrobenthic Communities Exposed to
Pentachlorophenol 27
Indices Identifying Subsurface Microbial
Communities That Are Adapted to Organic
Pollution 27
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Glass
Manufacturing Plants: Background Information
For Proposed Standards 28
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from High-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background Information
for Proposed Standards 29
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Title Index to EPA Funded Reports (cont.d)
TITLE PAGE
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Low-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background Information
for Proposed Standards 29
Mapping Sunken Pollutant Pools with Depth Finders 30
Microbial Degradation of Selected Hazardous
Materials; Pentachlorophenol,
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and Methyl Parathion 31
Microbiological Decontamination of Pentachlorophenol-
Contaminated Natural Waters 32
Multimedia Pollution Assessment of the Wood
Products Industries 32
Pentachlorophenol in the Environment. Evidence
for Its Origin from Commercial Pentachlorophenol
by Negative Chemical lonization Mass Spectrometry 33
Pentachlorophenol: Position Document 1 34
Predator-Prey (Vole-Cricket) Interactions:
The Effects of Wood Preservatives 35
Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Arsenic 35
Removal and Treatment of Contaminated River
Bottoms: Field Demonstration 36
Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from
Bottoms of Flowing Water bodies 37
Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Wood
Preserving Wastewaters 38
Screening Study to Development Background
Information and Determine the Significance of
Air Contaminant Emissions from Pesticide Plants 39
Selected Non-Carcinogenic Effects of Industrial
Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic 40
Succession of Microfungi in Estuarine Microcosms
Perturbed by Carbaryl, Methyl Parathion and
Pentachlorophenol 41
Survey of Methods Used to Control Wastes
Containing Hexachlorobenzene 41
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Title Index to EPA Funded Reports (cont.d)
TITLE PAGE
Technical and Microeconomic Analysis of Arsenic
and Its Compounds 42
Toxicity of Creosote-Contaminated Sediment to
Field-and Laboratory-Colonized Estaurine
Benthic Communities 43
Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Related
Compounds to Early Life Stages of Selected
Estuarine Animals 44
Treating Wood Preserving Plant Wastewater by
Chemical and Biological Methods 44
Validation of an Emission Measurement Method
for Inorganic Arsenic from Stationary Sources:
Proposed Method 108. Laboratory and Field Test
Evaluation 45
Wood Preservatives Decision Fact Sheet 46
Wood Preservative Pesticides Creosote,
Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenicals
(Wood Uses) Position Document 2/3 46
Wood Preservative Pesticides: Creosote,
Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenicals
Position Document 4 47
Wood Preserving Industry Multimedia Emission
Inventory 47
[Settlement agreement between EPA and the American
Wood Preservers Institute. FIFRA Docket Nos. 529, 48
et al.]
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTE:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Acute Toxicity of Selected Toxicants to Six
Species of Pish. (Final rept.)
Cardwell, Rick D. ; Foreman, Dallas G. ; Payne,
Thomas R.; Wilbur, Doris J.
Chemico Process Plants Co., El Monte, Calif.
Envirogenics Systems.
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
EPA/600/3-76/008; NTIS: PB-252 4B8/2
EPA-6 8-01 -0 74 8; EPA-ROAP-1 6AAE-0 5
(125p)
Mar 76
The relationship between median lethal
concentration and exposure time was
determined for five chemicals and up to six
species of freshwater fish in a flow-through
system. The lowest median lethal
concentrations found were 0.114 mg/1 for
sodium cyanide, 0.118 mq/1 for sodium
pentachlorophenate, 2.9 mg/1 for selenium
dioxide, 18.0 mg/1 for sodium arsenite, 25.4
mg/1 for beryllium sulfate, and greater than
100 mg/1 for lead chloride. Toxicity curves
relating median lethal concentration to
exposure time were of three types. One
curve, resembling a rectangular hyperbola,
characterized the toxicity of sodium cvanide,
while another curve, sigmoid in shape,
characterized the toxicity of selenium
dioxide. Both types of curves were observed
in toxicity tests with sodium
pentachlorophenate, sodium arsenite and
beryllium sulfate. Linear toxicity curves
were recorded for some fish species exposed
to selenium dioxide, sodium arsenite and
beryllium sulfate, but these were usually
encountered when exposure times were less
than 96 hr.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria:
Pe ntac hiorophenol
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
NTIS: PB-292 439/7
-1-
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NOTE:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
(93p)
1978
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33
U.S.C. 1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and
periodically update water quality criteria.
These criteria are to reflect the latest
scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and
welfare, aquatic life, and recreation. This
report presents water quality criteria for
pentachlorophenol. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of freshwater and
saltwater aquatic life. Tt presents 'safe'
concentrations for humans, and in the case of
suspect or proven carcinoqens, qives various
levels of incremental cancer risk. A section
304(a) water quality criterion is a
qualitative or quantitative estimate of the
concentration of a water constituent or
pollutant in ambient waters which, when not
exceeded, will ensure a water quality
sufficient to protect a specified water
use. TJnder the Act a criterion is a
scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judqment. Tt does not reflect
considerations of economic or technoloq ical
feasibility nor is it a water quality
standard, and in itself has no requlatory
e ffect.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTE:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Pentachlorophenol.
for
Environmental Protection Aqency, Washinqton,
DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
EPA-440/5-80-065; NTIS: PB81-117764
C^S Reqistry No.: 87-86-5
Oct 80 (98p)
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33
U.S.C. 1314(a) ) , requires EPA to publish and
periodically update water quality criteria.
These criteria are to reflect the latest
scientific knowledqe on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and
welfare, aquatic life, and recreation. This
report presents water quality criteria for
the titled chemical. It presents
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concentration criteria for the protection of
freshwater and saltwater aquatic life. It
presents 'safe1 concentrations for humans,
and in the case of suspect or proven
carcinogens, qives various levels of
incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a)
water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of
a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure
a water quality sufficient to protect a
specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific "judgment. Tt
does not reflect considerations of economic
or technoloqical feasibility nor is it a
water quality standard, and in itself has no
requlatory effect.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of
Hydride Generation and Graphite Furnace
Atomic Absorption Techniques for Determining
Organic and Inorganic Arsenic in Complex
Wastewaters. (Journal article)
Kinard, James T.; Gales, Jr, Morris.
Benedict Coll., Columbia, SC.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.
EPA-600/J-81-349; MTIS: PB82-128216
EPA-R-805237
Sc i . Health
Pub. in Jnl . of Environmental
A16(l), P27-50 1981. (25p)
1981
A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the
determination of arsenic in complex
wastewater samples by hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques
has been conducted. Two hydride generation
techniques were employed. One consisted of
the use of sodium borohydride pellets and
argon to sweep the arsin into a hydrogen
flame. In the second, arsine was produced
from a sodium borohydride solution and swept
into an air-acetylene heated guartz tube.
The hydride generation techniques yielded
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consistent, reliable data for highly complex
wastewater matrices only when arsine
generation was preceded by a close acid
digestion procedure. Complete recovery of
arsenic (99%) was achieved using the graphite
furnace technique and was found to be
independent of the complexity of the
wastewater matrix and of the organic form of
arsenic present. Hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques
were comparable with regard to sensitivity,
reproducibility and relative detection
limits. The latter was somewhat superior in
terms of accuracy and the need for sample
pr etr eatment. Both types of techniques are
suitable for routine analysis.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Biodegradation and Photolysis of
Pentachlorophenol in Artificial Freshwater
Streams.
Pignatello, J.J.; Martinson, M.M.; Steifert,
J.G.; Carlson, R.E.; Crawford, R.L.,
Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
EPA-600/J-83-162; NTIS: PB84-170927
EPA-R-810016
Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology
v46, n5 p!024-1031 1983. (lip)
C1983
The biodegradation, photolysis, and
adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in
outdoor, aquatic environments were examined
with man-made channels built by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency at a field
station on the Mississippi River near
Monticello, Minn. The authors monitored the
biotic and abiotic degradation of PCP in
these channels for approximately 16 weeks.
Most of the PCP-mineralizing microorganisms
that developed in the channels were either
attached to surfaces (e.g., rocks and
macrophytes) or associated with surface
sediments. Total bacterial numbers (direct
microscopic counts) in the various channels
were not affected significantly by PCP
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concentrations of micrograms per liter.
Numerous strains of bacteria able to grow at
the expense of PCP were isolated from the
adapted channels. The experiments reported
here will help predict the responses of
flowing aquatic ecosystems to contamination
by biocides such as pentachlorophenol.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER!
NOTES:
Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Contamination of Two
Commercially Available Pentachlorophenols.
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Villanueva, Ellen C.
Jennings, Ralph W.
Burse, Virlyn W.;
v21
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine,
Fla. Primate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
NTIS: PB-280 096/9.
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
n4 p739-740 Jul/Aug 73. Included in the
report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085 (4p)
5 Mar 73
A comparison was made of chlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin contamination in a technical and an
analytical grade of commercially available
pentachlorophenols. Hexa-, hepta-, and
octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were found in both
samples. The technical product was more
contaminated than the analytical one by
factors of 1400, 600, and 539 for the hexa-,
hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,
respectively. Te tr achlordibenzo-p-dioxin was
not found. Results were determined by gas
chroma togr aphy and confirmed by infrared
spectrophotometry and mass spectr ometr y.
Mass spectral analysis indicated the presence
of polychlorodibenzofurans and
polychlorodiphenyl ethers. A distinction was
made, using gas chr oma togr aphy-m ass
spectr ometr y , between the chlorobenzof ur ans
observed as original constituents of the
pentachlorophenol and those derived from the
fragmentation of chlor od iphenyl ethers.
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Chronic Toxicity of Chlordane, Trifluralin,
Pentachlorophenol to Sheepshead Minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus). (Final rept.)
Parrish, Patrick R. ; Dyar, Elizabeth E.;
Enos, Joanna M.; Wilson, William G.
EG and G, Bionomics, Pensacola, Fla. Marine
Research Lab.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze,
Fla.
BP-78-1-006; EPA/600/3-78/010; NTIS: PB-
278-269/6
EPA-68-03-2069
(67p)
Jan 78
Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)
were exposed to three chemicals--chlordane,
trifluralin, or pentachlorophenol in
flowing, natural seawater to determine acute
and chronic (full life-cycle effects).
Mortality of parental fish exposed to mean
measured chlordane concentrations > or - 2.8
micrograms/1 was significantly greater than
that of control fish. Hatch of juveniles
from embryos of parental fish exposed to > or
- 0.8 micrograms/1 was significantly less
than hatch of control juveniles. The
estimated maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) was >0.5<0.8
micrograms/1 and the application factor (AF)
limits, 0.04-0.06. Exposure to mean measured
trifluralin concentrations > or - 9.6
micrograms/1 significantly decreased growth
of parental fish. Fecundity of parental fish
exposed to concentrations > or - 4.8
micrograms/1 was significantly less than that
of control fish. Survival and growth of
second generation fish were significantly
less than the control in concentrations > or
- 9.6 micrograms/1. The estimated MATC was
>1.3<4.8 micrograms/1 and the AF limits,
0.007-0.025. • Mortality of parental
Sheepshead minnows exposed to mean measured
pentachlorophenol concentrations >88
micrograms/1 was significantly greater than
mortality of control fish. The estimated
MATC was >47<88 micrograms/1 and the AF
limits, 0.11-0.20.
-6-
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Coal Tar, Creosote, and Coal
Oil: Position Document 1
Tar Neutral
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington,
VA. Special Pesticide Review Div.
EPA/SPRD-80/82; NTIS: PB80-213879
(122p)
18 Oct 78
Examination of possible unreasonable risks
associated with uses of pesticide and a
gathering of all available information to
determine whether or not this or any other
risk does exist are covered.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Controlled Air Incineration of
Pentachlorcphenol-Treated Wood
Stretz, L.A.; Vavruska, J.S.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.; Defense Property Disposal
Service, Battle Creek, MI.
EPA-600/2-84-089; NTIS: PB84-189851
Sponsored in part by Defense Property
Disposal Service, Battle Creek, MI. i
May 84
llOp)
This research was initiated to determine the
operating conditions necessary to effect
complete thermal destruction (greater than
99.99%) of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated
wood in a controlled air incinerator (CAI)
and to provide a basis for evaluating the
applicability of other incineration systems
to the destruction of PCP-treated wood. The
treated wood in guestion was scrap from used
ammunition crates in Korea. It has been
proposed that a substantial amount of such
wood be disposed of by incineration in a unit
located in that country. A major concern in
such incineration is the potential formation
of such toxic compounds as chlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Test
results showed a combustion efficiency of
-7-
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N99.99% for PCP in the primary chamber under
test conditions with no detectable production
of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or
tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) at detection
limits in sample extracts of 1 and 5 ppb,
respectively.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Degradation of Pentachlorophenol and
Pentachloronitrobenzene in a Laboratory
Compositing System.
Sikora, L.J.; Kaufman, D.D.; Ramirez, M.A.;
Willson, G.B.
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville,
MD.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.
NTIS: PB82-173287
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental
Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in
cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Annapolis.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste,
P372-382
1982.
No abstract available.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Blood,
Urine, Tissue, and Clothing.
Barthel, W.F.; Curley, August; Thrasher,
C.L.; Sedlak, V.A. ; Armstrong, Robert
National Communicable Disease Center,
Atlanta, Ga.
NTIS: PB-276 899/2
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists, v52 n2 p294-298, Mar 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on
Pesticide Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276
897. (6p)
4 Sep 68
-8-
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ABSTRACT:
An epidemic with two deaths occurred in a
nursery in St. Louis after the use of
pentachlorophenol as a mildew preventive with
the laundry detergent. Samples of blood,
urine, tissue, and clothing from the nursery
were extracted with ethyl ether. The ether
solution was extracted with 5% sodium
hydroxide; the basic solution was acidified
and then extracted with benzene. The benzene
solution was analyzed by electron capture gas
chr omatography, using a 3% diethylene glycol
succinate column with 2% sirupy phosphoric
acid on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb G.
Pentachlorphenol was found in the samples in
sufficient quantity to account for the
epidemic. The presence of pentachlorophenol
was confirmed by gas chr omatography-mass
spectroscopy and by thin layer analysis.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
The Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorophene in Human Adipose Tissue.
Shafik, T.M.
Perrine Primate Lab.
Environmental
Fla.
Protection Agency, Perrine,
NTIS: PB-278 083/1
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, vlO nl p57-63
1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on
Toxicology Group 3, PB-278 081. (7p)
1973
The identification and quantitation of
potential chemical pollutants and their
metabolites in human adipose tissue are of
great importance for monitoring human
exposure to these environmental compounds.
The two highly chlorinated phenols,
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and hexachlorophene
( 2 ,2-methylenebis 3 ,4 , 6 ,-tr ichlorophenol) )
(HCP), are widely used, and the article
establishes the extent of their storage in
human adipose tissue.
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorobenzene Residues. (Final rept.
Jan-Jul 80)
Lakings, Duane B.; Subra, Wilma; Going, John
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances.
EPA-560/13-80-030; NTIS: PB80-222672
EPA-68-01-5915; MRI-4901-A12
Prepared in cooperation with Gulf South
Research Inst., New Orleans, LA. (99p)
Jun 80
An evaluation of possible exposure to
pentachlorophenol (PCP) by residents in
Madison County, Kentucky, who had obtained
ammunition crate wood treated with PCP from
the Blue Grass Army Depot was conducted.
Serum and unconjugated urine levels of PCP
were determined in 51 test cases and 47
control individuals and in 7 special cases
(residents of log homes treated with PCP).
In addition, air, food product, and wood
samples collected at the residences were
analyzed for PCP residues. The results
showed similar PCP levels in the serum and
urine of the test cases and control
individuals. No PCP was detected in the air
collected from these groups' residences; and
the levels of PCP exposure from the
ammunition crate wood. However, high PCP
levels were found in the serum and urine of
the special cases, particularly three young
children who had PCP serum levels above 1,000
ppb (40 times the control individual
average). Air and wood samples from a
special case residence also contained PCP.
Thus, the special cases were being subjected
to PCP exposure and additional studies on log
home residences are recommended to define the
exposure level and the possible adverse
health effects. No hexachlorobenzene was
found in any samples.
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Marine
Biota and Sea Water by Gas-Liquid
Chromatography and High-Pressure Liquid
Chromatography. (Journal article)
Faas, Linda F.; Moore, James C.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-79-053; NTIS: PB80-163678
Pub. in Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, v27, n3, p554-557, Jun 79. (5p)
Jun 79
A method is described for measuring
pentachlorophenol (PCP) in samples from the
estuarine environment. Gas-liquid
chroma togr aphy (GLC) is used to determine PCP
residues in tissues as low as 0.01 ppm by
formation of the ethyl di azohydr ocarbon
derivative, followed by Florisil cleanup.
Application of the method to exposed
organisms indicates tha.t PCP accumulates in
mullet (Mugil cephalus), grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio), and eastern oysters
(Crassostrea virginica). Sea water
concentrations as low as 0.002 ppb may be
detected by formation of the amyl
diazohydrocarbon derivative. Formation of
the amyl derivatives of PCP and several
related compounds gives GLC separation not
possible with the methyl or ethyl
derivatives. Parameters are outlined for
high-pressure liquid chroma togr aphy (LC)
determination of the free phenol without
cleanup. Ultraviolet detection limits for
PCP by LC are 5.0 ppm in tissues and 2.0 ppb
in seawater.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER;
Determination of Pentachlorophenol in
Urine: The Importance of Hydrolysis.
(Journal article)
Edgerton, Thomas R.; Moseman, R.F.
Health Effect.s Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology
Div.
EPA/600/J-79/009; NTIS: PB-294 920/4
-11-
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NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Pub. in Jnl. of Agriculture and Food
Chemistry, v27 nl p!97-199 1979. (5p)
4 May 78
A gas chr oma togr aphic method for more
reliable determination of pentachlorophenol
(PCP) in urine has been developed. After
hydrolysis and extraction the sample was
reacted with diazomethane to produce the
methyl ether of PCP prior to analysis by
electron-capture gas chr oma togr aphy. An acid
alumina column clean-up system was developed
to remove interferences from the sample
extracts and allow de tectabili ty of 1 ppb
PCP. Average recoveries of greater than 90%
were obtained from urine fortified with known
amounts of PCP. The importance of hydrolysis
and comparisons of present methodologies will
also be presented.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Timber
Products Processing Point Source Category.
(Final rept.)
Williams, Richard
Environmental
DC. Effluent
Protect ion
Guidelines
Agency,
Div.
Washington,
EPA-440/1-81/023; NTIS: PB81-227282
(522p)
Jan 81
This document presents the findways of a
study of the wood preserving, insulation
board, and not process hardboard segments of
the Timber Products Processing point source
category for the purpose of developing
effluent limitations and guidelines for
existing point source standards of
performance and pretreatment standards for
new and existing point sources as mandated by
the Clean Water Act (P. L. 95 - 217). The
information presented in this document
supports regulations promulgated in January
1981 for the Timber Products Processing Point
Source Category. Prescriptions of the
treatment technologies appropriate for
-12-
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
achieving the limitations are contained
within this document, as well as supporting
data, costs estimates and rationale for the
development of the proposed effluent
limitations, guidelines, and standards of
performance.
Dioxins. Volume II. Analytical Method for
Industrial Wastes. (Final rept. Oct 78-Mar
79)
Tiernan, T.O.; Taylor, M.L.; Erk, S.D.;
Solch, J.G.; Van Ness, G.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH. Industrial Pollution Control
Div.
EPA-600/2-80-157; NTIS: PB80-220080
See also Volume 1, and Volume 3. (80p)
Jun 80
The overall objective of this research
project was to develop a unified analytical
approach for use in quantifying ppt levels of
tetr achlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDD's) in
various chemical wastes. Waste samples from
plants manufacturing trichlorophenol,
pentachlor ophenol, and hexachlor ophene , and
from processing wood preservatives were
provided by the EPA. The extraction
procedure developed for isolating the TCDD's
from the various types of sample matrices is
fully described. Analysis was accomplished
using highly specific and sensitive coupled
gas chroma togr aphic-mass spectr ome tr ic ( GC-
MS) methods. Both low and high resolution MS
techniques were employed. This methodology
is also described in detail. The procedures
presented in this report were acceptable for
most of the industrial process samples
provided.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
Economic Impact Analysis of Alternative
Pollution Control Technologies, Wood
Preserving Subcategories of the Timber
Products Industry. (Technical rept. (Final))
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
-13-
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SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Water Planning and Standards.
EPA-440/2-80-087; NTIS: PB81-205825
EPA-68-01-4194
(162p)
Jan 81
The report includes an industry
characterization (processes, market structure
and financial information), industry costs of
compliance with the effluent limitations and
an economic impact analysis for existing and
new sources resulting from the effluent
limitations for the Wood Preserving
Industry. Wood treating processes include
pressure and non-pressure systems. The two
pressure processes used are Boulton or Steam
processes.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effect of Pentachlorophenol on the Growth and
Mortality of Embryonic and Juvenile Steelhead
Trout.
Dominguez, S.E.; Chapman, G.A.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA/600/J-84/183; NTIS: PB85-144129/XAB
Pub. in Archive of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 13, p739-743
Nov. 84. (7p)
1984
The toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate to
early life stages of steelhead trout (Salmo
gairdneri) was investigated, using a flow-
through exposure system. A 96-hr LC50 of 66
micrograms/1 was derived for previously
unexposed ten-week-old fry. A 72-day test,
beginning 24 hr after fertilization, yielded
a chronic toxicity threshold of 14
micrograms/1. These results, and the
acute/chronic ration of 4.7, compare
reasonably well with values in the
literature. Yolk sac edema and cranial
malformations, which are commonly observed in
chronic tests with technical grade
-14-
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pentachlorophenol, were rated
with purified (99%) material.
in this test
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER;
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Development
of Estuarine Communities. (Final journal
art icle)
Tagatz, Marl in E,; Ivey, Joel M.; Tobia,
Michael
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze,
Fla.
EPA/600/J-77/069; CONTRIB-310; NTIS
154/1
PB-277
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental
Health, v3 p501-506 1977. (6p)
3 May 77
Pentadorophenol affected the composition of
communities of estuarine organisms developed
in sand from planktonic larvae in estuarine
water that flowed through ten control aquaria
and ten aquaria per exposure concentration
averaging 7, 76, or 622 microgr ams/li ter.
Annelids, arthropods, and mollusks were the
numerically dominant phyla when animals were
collected in a 1-mm-mesh sieve after 9 wk of
exposure. Mollusks were markedly fewer at 7
micrograms/liter; annelids and arthropods at
76 micrograms/liter. Almost no animals
occurred at 622 micrograms/liter. The total
numbers of individuals and species were
significantly less (alpha = 0.01) in aquaria
exposed to 76 microgr ams/1 i ter than in those
unexposed or exposed to micrograms/liter.
(Copyright (c) 1977 by Journal of Toxicology
and Environmental Health.)
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
The Effect of Technical and Purified
Pentachlorophenol on the Rat Liver. (Journal
art icle)
Kimbrough, Renate D.; Linder, Ralph E.
Health Effects
Triangle Park,
Div.
Research Lab., Research
NC. Environmental Toxicology
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REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
EPA-600/J-78-163; NTIS: PB80-130321
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
46, pl51-162 1978. (14p)
17 Nov. 77
Dietary concentrations of 0, 20, 100, and 500
ppm of technical grade pentachlorophenol were
fed to male and female Sherman strain rats
for 8 months. The same experiment using
purified pentachlorophenol was carried out.
The food consumption was measured in all rats
during the second week of exposure and for
one week every 6 weeks thereafter. An
autopsy was performed on all rats at the end
of the experiment. The brain, lungs, spleen,
liver, kidneys, heart, and testes were
weighed and examined grossly and
microscopically in all rats fed purified
pentachlorophenol, all female rats fed
technical pentachlorophenol, and in the male
rats fed the highest dose of technical
pentachlorophenol and the controls. Only the
kidneys and livers were examined
microscopically in the male rats fed 20 and
100 ppm of technical pentachlorophenol.
Although the food intake was comparable, male
and female rats fed 500 ppm of technical and
male rats fed 500 ppm of purified
pentachlorophenol gained less weight. The
livers of the male and female rats fed 500
ppm technical pentachlorophenol weighed
significantly more than those of the
controls. The kidneys of all male rats fed
purified pentachlorophenol weighed
significantly more than those of the
controls; however, there was no dose-related
increase. No morphological changes were seen
in the kidneys. At the 500-ppm dietary
concentrations, technical pentachlorophenol
produced a severe effect in the liver of
female rats characterized by vacuolation of
the hepatocytes, an increase in fibroblasts
and other mononuclear cells within sinusoids,
bile duct proliferation, periportal fibrosis,
degenerated liver cells, increased mi tot ic
figures, and an accumulation of brown pigment
in macrophage's and in Kupffer cells. In male
rats at the 100- or 500-ppm dietary
concentrations of technical pentachloro-
phenol, the predominant lesion consisted of
enlarged pleomorphic hepatocytes which had
foamy cytoplasm or cytoplasm with large
-16-
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"acuoles. The walls of the hepatic central
veins of the livers in animals of both sexes
were thickened. At the 100-ppm dietary
concentrations similar but less pronounced
effects were observed in the livers. Only
mild alterations were noted at the 20-ppm
dietary concentration. Purified
pentachlorophenol caused slightly enlarged
liver cells with occasional eosinophilic
cytoplasmic inclusions at 500 ppm but no
alterations were observed in the livers of
rats fed the 100- and 20-ppm dietary
concentrations. The results suggest that
most of the toxicity associated with feeding
technical grade pentachlorophenol to rats at
these dietary concentrations stems from toxic
contaminants rather than from
pe nt ac h lor op he no 1.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effects of a Hexachlorobiphenyl and
Pentachlorophenol on Growth and
Photosynthesis of Phy top lank ton. (Journal
art icle)
Gotham, I.J.; Rhee, G-Y.
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.
Environmental Health Inst.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
EPA-600/J-82-367; NTIS: PB84-110261
EPA-R-806126
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n2
p328-335 1982. (lip)
C1982
The effects of two organochlorine compounds
2,4,5,2',4',5',-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and
pentachlorophenol (PCP) on photosynthesis and
growth were investigated in semicont inuous
cultures of three species of algae:
Ank istr odesmus falcatus, Melosira sp. , and
Microcystis sp.
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER;
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Field-and
Laboratory-Developed Estuarine Benthic
Communities. (Journal article)
Tagatz, M.E.; Ivey, J.M.; Gregory, N.R.;
Oglesby, J.L.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-80-126; ERL.GB-J081; NTIS: PB81-
197378
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 26, p!37-143
1981. (9p)
1981
A study of the response of benthic
communities exposed to pentachlorophenol
(PCP) was conducted to obtain additional
information on the effects of this widely
used chemical on the estuarine environment
and to compare its effect on estuarine
benthic communities developed in the field
and in the laboratory. PCP is used as a wood
preservative, an insecticide, a fungicide and
a bactericide, and has been shown to be toxic
to many aquatic organisms. In the present
study, already established communities were
challenged with PCP.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes and Porphyria Related to
Contamination with Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and Dibenzofurans. (Journal article)
Goldstein, Joyce A.; Friesen, Marlin; Linder,
Ralph E.; Hickman, Patricia; Hass, J. Ronald
Health Effects Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology
Div.
EPA-600/J-7 7-171 , NTIS: PB80-129976
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v26 p!549-
1557, 1977. (lip)
12 May 76
The hepatic effects of technical and pure
grade pentachlorophenol were investigated in
-18-
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female rats fed 20, 100 and 500 ppm of each
for 8 months. Technical pentachlorophenol
was contaminated with 8 ppm hexa-, 520 ppm
hepta-, and 1380 ppm octachloro-
dibenzodioxins; pure pentachlorophenol
contained less than 0.1 ppm of each of these
contaminants. Technical pentachlorophenol
produced hepatic porphyria and increased
hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
activity, glucuronyl transferase activity,
liver weight, cytochrome P-450 and microsomal
heme, but not N-demethylase activity. The
peak of the CO-difference spectrum of
cytochrome P-450 was shifted to 448 nm, and
there was a dramatic increase in the 455-430
ratios of the ethyl isocyanide difference
spectrum. The enzyme changes were observed
at 20 ppm of technical pentachlorophenol.
Porphyria occurred at 100 and 500 ppm. Pure
pentachlorophenol had no significant effect
on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity,
liver weight, cytochrome P-450, microsomal
heme, the ethyl isocyanide difference
spectrum or N-demethylase activity at any
dose level, but did increase glucuronyl
transferase at 500 ppm. In contrast, both
pure and technical pentachlorophenol
decreased body weight gain comparably at 500
ppm. It is concluded that technical
pentachlorophenol produces a number of liver
changes which cannot be attributed to
pentachlorophenol itself, but are consistent
with the effects of biologically active
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
dibenzofurans.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
Effects of Phenol, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-
Dichlorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol on
Embryo, Larval, and Early-Juvenile Fathead
Minnows ('Pimephales promelas')- (Journal
art icle)
Holcombe, Gary W.; Phipps, Gary L.; Fiandt,
James T.
Environmental Research Lab. -Duluth, MN.
EPA-600/J-82-159; NTIS: PB82-207887
Pub. in Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 11,
p73-78, 1982. (8p)
1982
-19-
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ABSTRACT:
Embryos of fathead minnows were more
resistant to phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-
DMP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and
pentachlorophenol (PCP) than were larval or
juvenile life stages. Growth of 28-day-old
fish was the most sensitive indicator of
stress during exposures to phenol, 2,4-DMP,
and PCP, whereas survival was the most
sensitive indicator of toxic effects from
2,4-DCP exposure. Based on these effects,
the estimated maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration for fathead minnows in Lake
Superior water lies between 1,830 and 3,570
micrograms/L for phenol; 1,970 and 3,110
micrograms/L for 2,4-DMP; 290 and 460
microgr ams/L for 2,4-DCP; and 44.9 and 73.0
micrograms/L for PCP.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Effects of Transplacental Exposure to
Chlorinated Phenols. (Journal article)
Exon, Jerry H.; Roller, Loren D.
Idaho Univ., Moscow
Health Effects Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
EPA-600/J-81-373; NTIS: PB83-187914
EPA-R-807267
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives,
v46 p!37-140 1982. (6p)
1982
Female rats were exposed to 0,5,50 or 500 ppm
of 2-Chlorophenol (2CP) or pentachlorophenol
(PCP). The study was designed to produce
progeny which were exposed to the
chlorophenolic compounds both prenatally and
postnatally. Percent conception, litter
size, birth weight, and number of stillbirths
was determined at parturition. Hematologic
parameters and body weights of the progeny
were recorded at weaning age (3 weeks).
Effects on reproduction were observed in both
the 2-CP and PCP-exposed groups, as indicated
by decreased litter sizes and increased
number of stillborn. The data indicate that
these chlorinated phenolic compounds may be
feto- or embryotoxic at high doses. Effects
-20-
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on hematologic parameters were not
observed. Further study involving
tr ansplacental and chronic exposure to these
chlorophenolic compounds appears warranted.
TITLE:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Epidemiological Notes and Reports:
Pentachlorophenol Poisoning in Newborn
Infants.
National Communicable Disease Center,
Atlanta, Ga .
NTIS: PB-276 321/7
Pub. in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report, v!6 n40 p334-335 n.d. Included in
the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276-320 (2p)
1967
From April to August 1967, nine cases of a
clinically distinct illness characterized by
fever and profuse sweating occurred in a
small nursery for newborns in St. Louis,
Missouri. Two of the cases were fatal. Only
after the ninth case developed was it
discovered that an antimildew agent,
containing a high concentration of sodium
pentachlorophenate (the sodium salt of
pe ntachlorophe nol) , was being used in the
hospital laundry. All of the clinical,
epidemiological, and biochemical evidence
indicated that this outbreak resulted from
pentachlorophenol poisoning. The only
identified mode of exposure was skin
absorption of sodium pentachlorophenate
residues on diapers and other fabrics,
resulting from the misuse of the antimildew
agent in the final laundry rinse.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
Fate and Effects of Pentachlorophenol in
Hard- and Soft-Water Microcosms. (Journal
art ic le)
Brockway, D.L.; Smith, P.D.; Stancil, F.E.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
EPA/600/J-84/229; NTIS: PB85-160430/XAB
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NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Pub. in Chemosphere 13, n!2 p!363-1377. (17p)
1984
The influence of hard water and soft water on
the fate and effects of pentachlorophenol
(PCP) was investigated in small microcosms.
Minor differences in the fate of PCP and
minor changes in microcosm structure were
noted between the hard-and soft-water
systems. Definite differences between hard-
water and soft-water systems were detected in
dissolved oxygen production and dissolved
silica concentration at an exposure
concentration of 4 mg 1/1 PCP.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Fate and Impact of Pentachlorophenol in a
Freshwater Ecosystem. (Final rept. Jul 75-
Nov 77)
Pierce, Jr, Richard H.
University of Southern Mississippi,
Hattiesburg. Inst. of Environmental Science.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
EPA/600/3-78/063; NT IS: PB-286 830/5
EPA-R-803820
(74p)
Jul 78
The investigation was undertaken to determine
the fate of pentachlorophenol (PCP) that
caused extensive fish kills in a freshwater
lake in December 1974 and again in December
1976. The kills resulted from the accidental
release of wood-treating wastes containing
PCP in fuel oil. Food chain relationships
were investigated in the lake and the
accumulation and elimination of sublethal
concentrations of dissolved PCP was studied
under laboratory conditions for the bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus). The highest
concentrations of PCP in fish were observed
in the bile followed by liver, gills, and
muscle. Lake sediment and leaf litter
contained high concentrations of PCP
throughout the two-year study. Studies of
leaf litter from the contaminated water shed
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area showed it to be source for chronic
pollution of the aquatic ecosystem.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Fate and Impact of Mood Preservatives in a
Terrestrial Microcosm. (Journal article)
Gile, Jay D.; Collins, James C.; Gillett,
James W.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA-600/J-82-218; NTIS: PB82-261363
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, v30 n2 p295-210 Mar-Apr 82. (9p)
6 Dec 81
The transport and effects of 14C-labeled wood
preservatives (creosote with labeled
phenanthrene or acenaphthene,
pe ntachlorophenol, and bis(tri-n-
butyltin)oxide) impregnated in wood posts
were examined in a terrestrial microcosm
chamber (TMC-II) in comparison to a reference
compound, the insecticide dieldrin. The TMC-
II contained a Willamette Valley topsoil,
ryegrass, invertebrates, and a gravid gr ay-
tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus).
Approximately 2.5 months after introduction
of the posts, 95% of the chemicals remained
in the posts. Of the material released into
the ecosystem, most remained in the upper
soil layer immediately surrounding the
posts. Concentrations in plants ranged from
0.7 ppm for dieldrin to 8.8 ppm for
phenanthrene. Residue accumulation by the
invertebrates was highly variable. Of the
chemicals tested, creosote accumulated in the
vole to the greatest extent (e.g., whole body
concentrations of 7.2 and 37.0 ppm for
phenanthrene and acenaphthene, respect-
ively). Only dieldrin exhibited any acute
toxic effects (e.g., cricket survival).
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
Gas Chrornate-graphic Analysis of
Pentachlorophenol in Human Urine by Formation
of Alkyl Ethers.
Cranmer, Morris; Freal, Joseph
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CORPORATE SOURCE:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine,
Fla. Perrine Primate Lab.
NTIS: PB-280 882/2
Pub. in Life Sciences, v9 p!21-128 1970.
Included in the report. Journal Articles on
Toxicology, Group 15, PB-280 879. (9p)
18 Sep 69
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an herbicide,
defoliant, and antimicrobic chemical used
throughout the United States as a
preservative agent for many products.
Pentachlorophenol seems to be present
everywhere, appearing in municipal water
supplies, wells, paints, wood and paper
products, and in urine of every person now
being examined. The ubiquity of human
exposure to this potentially dangerous
compound has prompted concern in the field of
public health. This interest has been
stimulated by several recent industrial and
public intoxications which resulted in
fatalities. This report describes a simple
and rapid method for the determination of PCP
based upon its conversion to any one or more
of seven possible alkyl ethers. PCP ethers
are detected and quantitated by electron
capture gas chr omatogr aphy and their identity
is confirmed by p-values. Data are presented
for seven GLC columns and three p-value
solvent systems.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic
Arsenic. External Review Draft. (Draft
rept.)
Mushak, Paul; Piscator, Magnus; Sivulka,
Donna J.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
EPA-600/3-83-021A; NTIS: PB83-232306
(308p)
Jun 83
This document summarizes current scientific
information regarding the effects of
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inorganic arsenic on man and the
environment. The observed effects, as
presented herein, constitute the health basis
from which the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency will make determinations regarding
regulatory initiatives pursuant to the Clean
Air Act. Specifically, this document
discusses the following topics--phys ical and
chemical properties of inorganic arsenic;
environmental distribution and cycling;
inorganic arsenic metabolism, toxicology and
essentiality--and identifies the factors most
germane to assessing quantitative and
qualitative human health risks.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic
Arsenic. Final Report
Jacobson-Kram, D.; Mushak, P.; Piscator, M.;
Sivulka, D. J.; Chu, M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office.
EPA-600/8-83-021F; NTIS: PB84-190891
See also PB83-232306. (350p)
Mar 84
Inorganic arsenic, predominantly the tr i- and
pentavalent forms, is emitted to the
environment primarily through smelting
activity, biocide use and glass
manufacturing. Monitoring data indicate a
concentration of equal to or less than 0.1
microgram/cu m for most locations. Major
routes of absorption of inorganic arsenic in
the general population are inhalation and
ingestion. Inhaled inorganic arsenic
deposited in the lungs is eventually
absorbed. Most ingested soluble inorganic
arsenic is absorbed, whereas insoluble forms
pass through the gastrointestinal tract with
negligible absorption. Inorganic arsenic
metabolism in man is complicated by biotrans-
formation processes which include the
me thy la t ion and oxidation-reduction
interconversion of inorganic arsenic. Long-
term accumulation of inorganic arsenic does
not generally occur in physiologically active
compartments in the body; renal clearance
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appears to be the major route of excretion of
absorbed inorganic arsenic. Acute symptoms
of inorganic arsenic poisoning include severe
gastrointestinal damage, facial edema,
cardiovascular reactions, peripheral nervous
system disturbances, and hematopoi et ic system
effects. General population concerns arising
from long-term exposures to moderate levels
of inorganic arsenic include respiratory
tract cancer, skin cancer, non-cancerous skin
lesions, peripheral neuropathological effects
and cardiovascular effects. There appears to
be a nutritional requirement for low levels
of inorganic arsenic in certain experimental
animals; however, this requirement has not
yet been established in man.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Impact of Tubifield Oligochaetes on Pollutant
Transport in Bottom Sediments. (Journal
art icle)
Karickhoff, S.W.; Morris, K.R.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
EPA/600/J-85/400; NTIS: PB85-170140/XAB
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology,
v!9 nl p51-56 1985. (8p.)
1985
Pollutant transport in bottom sediments
effected by tubificid oligochaetes was
studied in laboratory microcosms. Tubificids
burrow in surfacial sediments (typically 6-10
cm), ingest sediment fines (silt and clay
particles), and egest them at the
sediment/water interface as sand-sized fecal
pellets. Sorbed pollutants are transported
by default in this process irrespective of
the relative pollutant fugacities in the
system. For the compounds studied
(hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and
trifluralin), more than 90% of the chemicals
contained in the biologically worked zone
were transported to the sediment surface via
this process during a 30-50 day period.
Pollutant release into the water column was
not comparably enhanced, which showed a 4-6
fold increase (over a 90-day period) in the
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presence of the worms. Pollutant release
from intact fecal pellets was highly retarded
by sorption.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Impact on and Recovery of Experimental
Macrobenthic Communities Exposed to
Pentachlorophenol. (Journal article)
Tagatz, M. E.; Deans, C. H. ; Plaia, G. R. ;
Pool , J. D.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-83-139; NTIS: PB84-144500
Pub. in
136 Oct
1983
Northwest
83. (8p)
Gulf Science, v6 n2 p!31-
Recovery of macrobenthic animal communities
was determined 7 weeks after a 5-week
exposure to 55 micrograms per liter
pe ntachlorophenol. The communities developed
from planktonic larvae in aquaria containing
clean sand and continuously flowing estuarine
water. Significantly fewer individuals and
species occurred in contaminated aguaria than
in control aquaria immediately after exposure
to pentachlorophenol. Numbers of arthropods,
chordates, echinoderms, and mollusks were
decreased; annelids and coelenterates were
not affected. Seven weeks after exposure was
'discontinued, and with continued input of
estuarine water, the communities showed
various degrees of recovery, carry-over
effects, and changes unrelated to exposure.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
Indices Identifying Subsurface Microbial
Communities That Are Adapted to Organic
Pollution
Smith, G. A.; Nickels, J.S.; Davis, J.D.;
Findlay, R.H.; Vashio, P.S.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for
Biomedical and Toxicological Research.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
EPA/600/D-85/055; NTIS: PB85-177780/XAB
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
EPA-R-809994
(19p)
Mar 85
The subsurface microbiota and their
extracellular excretion products are of
primary importance in the maintenance of the
ground-water resources particularly when the
water is polluted. With the development of
quantitative biochemical assays for biomass,
community structure, and metabolic activities
of the microbes of the subsurface sediments,
it proved possible to search for assays that
correlated with exposure to pollution. The
subsurface sediments from an abandoned
creosote waste deposit showed that exposure
to pollution increased the total microbial
biomass as measured by the extract able
phospholipid; shifted the community structure
by decreasing the proportion of gram positive
bacteria that form glycerol teichoic acids
and induced distinctive changes in the ester-
linked phospholipid fatty acids.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Glass
Manufacturing Plants: Background Information
for Proposed Standards. (Draft rept.
(Final))
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards.
EPA-450/3-83-011A; NTIS: PB84-152073
(190p)
Apr 83
A national emission standard for glass
manufacturing plants is being proposed under
authority of Section 112 of the Clean Air
Act. The purpose of the proposed standard is
to minimize glass manufacturing furnace
arsenic emissions to the level which, in the
judgment of the Administrator of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, provides an
ample margin of safety to protect the public
health. The standard will have the effect of
reducing uncontrolled emissions of arsenic
from these furnaces by about 90 percent.
Environmental impact and economic impact
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statements Quantifying the impacts of the
proposed standard and alternative control
options are included in the document.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER!
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
TITLE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from High-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. (Draft
environmental impact statement (Final))
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards.
EPA-450/3-83-009A; NTIS: PB83-234120
See also PB83-234138. (402p)
Apr 83
Standards of performance to control emissions
of inorganic arsenic from new and existing
primary copper smelters processing feed
materials containing an annual average of 0.7
percent or greater arsenic are being proposed
under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. This
document provides information on the
background and authority, regulatory
alternatives considered, and environmental
and economic impacts of the regulatory
alternat ives.
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Low-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. (Draft
environmental impact statement (Final))
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards.
EPA-450/3-83-010A; NTIS: PB83-234138
See also PB83-234120. (490p)
Apr 83
Standards of performance to control emissions
of inorganic arsenic from new and existing
primary copper smelters processing feed
materials containing an annual average of
less than 0.7 percent arsenic are being
proposed under Section 112 of the Clean Air
Act. This document provides information on
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the background and authority, regulatory
alternatives considered, and environmental
and economic impacts of the regulatory
alternatives.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Mapping Sunken Pollutant Pools with Depth
Finders.
Meyer, R. A.; Brugger, J. E.; Lowrance, D.J.
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
Lowrance Electronics, Inc., Tulsa, OK.;
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.
EPA-600/D-84-076; NTIS: PB84-168699
Prepared in cooperation with Lowrance
Electronics, Inc., Tulsa, OK. (24p)
1984
Many hazardous substances and mixtures are
immiscible with and more dense than water.
When spillages or releases into waterbodies
occur, the hazardous materials will disperse
in a pattern controlled by physical
properties of the material, flow and
dispersion effects, and topography of the
waterbody bed. Mapping (i.e., location and
thickness determination) of the spilled
substance is essential for prompt and
economical removal to protect biota and
ensure minimal contamination of water.
Analysis of the reflection patters of
acoustic waves (ca. 200 kHz) beamed into
water from a boat is shown in this and in
previous work to serve as an excellent
mapping technigue. When the project to map
pollutants was initiated, no suitable
commercial devices were available. A very
effective, portable, battery-operated
prototype system was constructed. The
reflection data (intensity vs time) were
displayed on an on-board dual-trace
oscilloscope that had time-delay features.
Subseguently a suitable commercial system was
test marketed and has been successfully used
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in the field to locate creosote in a
water body.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Microbial Degradation of Selected Hazardous
Materials; Pentachlorophenol,
Hexachlorocyclopentadienef and Methyl
Parathion. (Final rept. 11 Feb 77-11 May 7)
Thuma, N. K.; O'Neill, P. E.; Brownlee, S.
G. ; Valentine, R. S.
Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, VA.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.
ARC-49-5707; EPA-600/2-83-117; NTIS: PB84-
123934
EPA-68-03-2491
(76p)
Nov 83
This program evaluated the use of selected
pure culture microorganisms for potential in
biodegrading the hazardous materials
pentachlorophenol (PCP),
hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCP), and methyl
parathion (MP). Each chemical was separately
challenged by each of 24 organisms in an
aqueous medium under aerobic conditions.
Following the initial screening and selection
process, pure culture organisms identified as
having potential for biodegradation of the
selected chemicals were subjected to further
testing and evaluation. Although no fully
conclusive evidence of biodegr ada tion of
these substances was obtained, data indicated
that a number of fungi have potential for
disposal of PCP, HCCP, and MP. One bacterial
culture demonstrated tolerance to PCP at 200
ppm in soil and appeared to reduce the PCP
concentration in an aqueous medium when
dextrose was provided. This isolate may have
potential for-removal of PCP from spill-
contaminated areas. A fungus also showed
some potential for degrading PCP. Time
constraints and budgetary requirements
precluded the use of C-14-labeled chemicals
and the extensive analyses required for
isolation, identification, and quantification
of potential by-products and metabolities of
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the biodegradation or biotransformation of
the selected chemicals. Improvements on
existing HPLC and GC-EC methods were
developed.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Microbiological Decontamination of
Pentachlorophenol-Contarainated Natural
Waters.
Martinson, M. M.; Steiert, J. G.; Saber, D.
L.; Mohn, W. W.; Crawford, R. L.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Environmental Research Lab. - Duluth, MN.
EPA/600/D-84/225; NTIS: PB84-246263
EPA-R-810016
(18p)
Sep 84
Inoculation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated
natural waters with cells of a
pentachlorophenol-degradi ng Flavor bacterium
was shown to be an effective method for
decontamination of PCB-polluted aquatic
environments. Numerous types of waters were
decontaminated, including: river water, lake
water, and groundwater. Decontamination was
most effective between 15 C and 30 C, and
between pH 7.5 and pH 9.0. Inoculation of
waters with as few as 10,000 cells/ml
resulted in effective PCP removal. PCB
concentrations between 10 ppb and 100 ppm
were reduced to undetectable levels, usually
within 48 hours. Microbiological
decontamination of PCP-polluted waters
appears to be a promising waste treatment
alternative when compared to traditional
treatment techniques.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
Multimedia Pollution Assessment of the Wood
Products Industries. (Final rept. )
Casana, J.
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.
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REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
EPA-600/2-81-008; NTIS: PB84-160266
EPA-68-03-2605
(296p)
Feb 84
This report presents a summary and commentary
on pollutants, abatement technologies, and
regulations in the wood products
industries. Industries included in the study
are pulp, paper and paperboard,
veneer/plywood , particleboard, millwork and
structural members, fabricated wood products,
and gum and wood chemicals, and wood
preserving. Water pollution abatement
legislation has established guidelines based
on Best Practicable Control Technology
Currently Available (BPCTCA). These
guidelines primarily address conventional
pollutants, including five-day biochemical
oxygen demand (BODS), total suspended solids
(TSS) and pH. In addition, guidelines based
on Best Available Technology Economically
Achievable (BATEA) and Best Conventional
Pollutant Control Technology (BCPCT) are
currently being established to address
conventional, priority (toxic), and
nonconventional (neither conventional nor
toxic) pollutants. Existing external air
pollution control devices, in conjunction
with internal process controls, can be
effective in the reduction of air pollutants,
especially particulates and sulfur dioxide.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE;
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
Pentachlorophenol in the Environment:
Evidence for Its Origin from Commercial
Pentachlorophenol by Negative Chemical
lonization Mass Spectrometry. (Journal
art icle)
Kuehl, Douglas W.; Dougherty, Ralph C.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of
Chemistry.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-80-085; ERL.GB-JO070; NTIS: PB81-
125676
EPA-R-806334-00-10
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NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT!
Pub. in
Apr 80.
Analytical
(5p)
Chemistry, v!4 n4 p447-449
18 Jan 80
Commercial pentachlorophenol (PCP) contains
significant quantities of te tr achlorophenol
(TCP). The occurrence of TCP in
environmental samples provides a chemical
marker of PCP originating from commercial
formulations. Negative chemical ionization
mass spectrometry has been used to examine a
commercial PCP formulation and a series of
environmental and human samples.
Tetr achlorophenol was determined by the ion
current at m/z 229, tetrachlorophenoxide, and
PCP was determined by the ion current at m/z
267, pentachlorophenoxide. The ion current
at m/z 267 may include contributions from the
oxygen/chloride exchange product of
hexachlorobenzene, an environmental precursor
of PCP. The ratio of PCP to TCP in Dowcide
G-ST, a commercial PCP formulation, was 2.5
plus or minus 0.1. The ratio of m/z 267 to
m/z 229 in a jellyfish, Mnemiopsis macrydi,
from the Gulf of Mexico was 2.7 plus or minus
0.1, in human semen it was 4.1 plus or minus
0.1, and in human adipose tissue it was 15.5
plus or minus 0.1. PCP in the semen was
concentrated in the sperm cells by a factor
of 9.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Pentachlorophenol: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington,
VA. Of ice of Noise Abatement and Control.
EPA/SPRD-80/85; NTIS: PB81-109464
(70p)
18 Oct 78
The report is a preliminary risk assessment
for pentachlorophenol. It gives a
preliminary examination of its use,
environmental residues, and health effects
including toxicology data. Limited
information is provided for exposure and
extent of risk. Results of a literature
search are provided.
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TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT;
Predator-Prey (Vole-Cricket) Interactions:
The Effects of Wood Preservatives. (Journal
article)
Gillett, J. W.; Gile, J. D. ; Russell L.K.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
EPA-600/J-83-068; NTIS: PB84-110048
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services. Inc., Corvallis, OR. Pub. in
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v2
p83-93. (13p)
c!983
The rate'of loss of crickets (Acheta
domestica), with and without the presence of
an adventitious predator, the gray-tailed
vole (Microtus canicaudus), has been studied
in Terrestrial Microcosm Chambers (TMC-II)
treated with pine stakes impregnated with
creosote, bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO),
dieldrin (HEOD), pentachlorophenol (PCP) or a
toluene solvent control. The first-order
rate of cricket loss (-k) increased only for
HEOD, to a maximum at 33d post-treatment with
oscillations of about a 16-d period. This
result infers a 'cricket-available'
compartment of HEOD and/or metabolites with
concentrations that must be greater than
those measured in air, soil, water or plants
and other biota.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic
Arsenic. (Final rept.)
Miles, A. J.; Brooks, G. W.; Keller, L. E.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards.
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REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
RAD-82-240-016-18-12; EPA-4 50/5-82-0 05;
NTIS: PB83-153528
EPA-68-02-3058
(322p)
Aug 82
The purpose of this study was to analyze the
severity of inorganic arsenic emissions from
seven source categories including primary
copper, lead, and zinc smelting, secondary
lead smelting, cotton ginning, glass
manufacturing, and arsenic chemical
manufacturing. The magnitudes of arsenic
emissions from each source category were
quantified and control systems were
investigated to determine baseline and
estimated best control (EEC) for arsenic.
The environmental, energy, and economic costs
of implementing EBC, in source categories
where it is not being used, were estimated.
Two source categories, primary lead smelting
and arsenic chemical manufacturing, were
determined to have EBC in place as a result
of compliance with existing regulations. The
number of people exposed to arsenic from each
of the source categories will be assessed
separately by EPA using emissions and stack
data generated in this study. The physical
and chemical characteristics of arsenic and
their impact on the control of arsenic
emissions from the source categories were
also examined.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
CORPORATE SOURCE:
SPONSOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
Removal and Treatment of Contaminated River
Bottoms: Field Demonstration. (Final rept.
Apr 73-Apr 75)
Agnew, R. W.
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.
EPA-600/2-84-006; NTIS: PB84-129022
EPA-68-03-0182
(70p)
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DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Jan 84
This report documents the results of a
project to remove creosote contaminated river
bottom muds from the Little Menomonee River
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Bioassays were
conducted to determine toxicity levels for
aquatic organisms, and primary skin
irritation tests were performed to establish
skin irritation levels in humans. Based on
these tests, an allowable residual
concentration of 500 mg/kg of hexane solubles
was established. The removal/treatment
system was designed and operated to
accomplish the cleanup with an absolute
minimum of damage to the shoreline and
adjacent land. The system consisted of two
floating, hydr aulical ly powered river
sweepers to dredge mud from the river bottom
and pump the material to a presettling tank
for removal of sand and other high density
sol ids.
TITLE:
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from
Bottoms of Flowing Waterbodies. (Final rept.
Jul 72-Dec 74)
Hansen, Charles A.; Sanders, Robert G.
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH
EPA/600/2-81-137; NTIS: PB81-230922
EPA-68-03-0181, EPA-68-03-0182
Prepared in cooperation with Industrial Bio-
Test Labs., Inc. Northbrook, IL. (113p)
Jul 81
This report documents the results of a study
to determine the feasibility of removing
spilled insoluble hazardous materials from
the bottom of flowing watercourses.
Descriptions are given of two full-scale
systems developed to suck up spilled
materials and contaminated bottom mud, remove
excess water from the pumped slurry, and
decontaminate the water removed so that it
can be returned to the stream.
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ABSTRACT:
Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Wood
Preserving Wastewaters. (Final rept. Nov.
20, 78-May 20, 80)
Wallin, Bruce K. ; Condren, Arthur J. ; Walden,
Roy L.
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH
EPA-600/2-81-043; NTIS: PB81-172637
EPA-68-03-2605
(150p)
Mar 81
Laboratory and pilot-scale studies were
undertaken to develop economically feasible
technologies for the treatment of wastewaters
from wood preserving operations. Of prime
concern was the removal of phenol and its
chlorinated derivatives, in particular,
pentachlorophenol. Screening analysis of the
wastewater indicated that pentachlorophenol
was the only chlorinated derivative
consistently present in concentrations of
approximately 100 mg/1. Treatment
technologies investigated for the treatment
of these wastewaters included: (1)
adsorption; (2) biological oxidation; (3)
chemical oxidation; (4) coagulation; (5)
extraction; and (6) pH adjustment. Each of
the above, alone or in combination, was
capable of yielding a measurable reduction in
the concentration of total phenols and
pentachlorophenol in the untreated
wastewater. Two technologies yielded
consistently high levels of treatment: pH
adjustment of this wastewater, followed by
adsorption with bentonite clay and final
polishing by the polymeric adsorbant, XAD-4 ;
and pH adjustment of the wastewater, followed
by extraction with a mixture of No. 2 fuel
oil and a co-solvent such as still bottoms
from amyl alcohol production.
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ABSTRACT:
Screening Study to Development Background
Information and Determine the Significance of
Air Contaminant Emissions from Pestiei^e
Plants.
Ifeadi, C. N.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Pesticide Programs.
EPA/540/9-75/026; NTIS: PB-244 734/0
EPA-68-02-0611
(85p)
Mar 75
In this study, available background
information is developed and the significance
of air contaminant emissions from the
manufacture of six pesticides determined.
Pesticides studies are (1) insecticides:
methyl parathion and toxaphene; (2)
trifluralin; (3) fungicides and wood
preservatives: pentachlorophenol; and (4)
fumigant: paradichlorobenzene. Background
information is gathered from published data
and responses to the questionnaires sent to
the pesticide manufacturing firms. Based on
the available data, production projections
are made up to the year 1980. A list of
manufacturers of each pesticide is
presented. Manufacturing processes, raw, and
waste material handling, air contaminant
emission sources, quantity or quality, and
pollutants, together with their present
practical control methods are discussed.
Significance of air contaminant emissions
from the pesticide industries is evaluated on
the basis of available data on the emission
quantities and/or toxicity of the pollutants
emitted. Gaps in the data required to make a
complete evaluation of significance are
identified and recommendations to fill those
gaps are made..
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Selected Non-Carcinogenic Effects of
Industrial Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic.
(Final rept.)
Landau, Emanuel; Thompson, Donovan J. ;
Feldman, Robert G.; Goble, Guy J.; Dixon,
Wilfrid J.
American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C.
Boston Univ., Mass. School of Medicine;
Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Public
Health and Community Medicine.; California
Univ., Los Angeles.; Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic
Substances.
EPA/560/6-77/018; NTIS: PB-276 988/3
EPA-68-01-2490
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ.,
Mass. School of Medicine, California Univ.,
Los Angeles, Washington Univ., Seattle.
School of Public Health and Community
Medicine. (41p)
Oct 77
In June 1976, a study team representing four
Universities and a research institution
carried out a study of possible neurological
effects of long-term exposure to airborne
arsenic trioxide in a western copper
smelter. The study involved comparing active
working men heavily exposed to arsenic in the
work force with workers not so exposed. Its
purpose was to determine whether nerve
conduction velocity can be utilized as a
biological indicator of the subtle health
effects of chronic exposure to inorganic
arsenic in a community setting. The double-
blind electrophysiologic and clinical study
was based on 111 volunteers recruited from a
selected set of smelter workers with at least
five years of high urinary arsenic levels (37
men) and five years of low urinary levels (33
men). The control population consisted of
members of the same union who worked at an
aluminum plant in the same city (13 men) as
well as male municipal employees with no
industrial exposure (28 men). The
conclusions of the study are that: (1)
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chronic arsenic exposure in an industrial
setting affects the peripheral nervous
system, and (2) the neurologic parameters
used in this study appear to be suitable for
use in screening a community population for
changes related to arsenical neuropathies.
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REPORT NUMBER:
NOTES:
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ABSTRACT:
Succession of Microfungi in Estuarine
Microcosms Perturbed by Carbaryl, Methyl
Parathion and Pentachlorophenol. (Journal
art icle)
Cook, W. L.; Fiedler, Denise; Bourquin, A. W.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-80-098; ERL/GB/CONTRIB-397;
NTIS: PB81-129512
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia State
Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology. Pub. in
Botanica Marina, v23 p!29-131 1980. (5p)
c!980
The effects of carbaryl, me thylpar athion and
pentachlorophenol on the microfungal
succession of an estuarine microcosm were
examined. Resident fungi were succeeded by
Fusarium in the carbaryl-treated microcosm;
by a fungus in the Penicillium chrysogenum
series in the methyl parathion-treated
microcosm; and by a fungus in the Penicillium
canescens series in the pentachlorophenol
treated microcosm. Small auantities of 14C02
were released from the xenobiotic molecules
by fungi selected from the microcosms.
TITLE:
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
Survey of Methods Used to Control Wastes
Containing Hexachlorobenzene. (Final rept.)
Quinlivan, S.; Ghassemi, M.; Santy, M.
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs.
EPA/530/SW-120c; NTIS: PB-253 051/7
EPA-68-01-2956
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NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
(92p)
1976
This study presents the results of a survey
of methods used to control wastes containing
hexachlorobenzene (HCB). The specific
objectives were to identify the sources and
characteristics of manufacturing wastes
containing HCB, to document methods used for
treatment and disposal of HCB wastes, and to
evaluate the environmental adequacy of the
treatment and disposal methods.
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ABSTRACT:
Technical and Microeconomic Analysis of
Arsenic and Its Compounds. (Final rept. on
task 2)
Burruss, Jr., Robert P., Sargent, Donald H.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Toxic Substances.
454-2; EPA/560/6-76/016; NTIS: PB-253 980/7
EPA-68-01-2926
Mar 75, PB-244 625.
See also report dated
(242p)
Apr 76
The role of arsenic (and its compounds) in
the environment and in the economy of the
United States was studied, to evaluate the
need for and the projected effect of
controlling its production, use, dissipation,
and emission. The ocurrence, chemistry, and
toxicology were reviewed; the prevalence of
arsenic as an impurity in commercial raw
materials, processes, and products was
systematically documented; the intentional
commercial flow of arsenical products was
quantified; the sources of pollution were
identified and characterized; and the health
hazards were evaluated. The intentional
production and use of arsenic and its
compounds is greatly exceeded by the
quantities unintentionally mobilized by
industrial activities. The arsenic currently
in food and water presents no identifiable
health hazard, and present controls on
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arsenical products, by a number of Government
agencies, appear adequate. Emissions
particulate collection devices appear
adequate. Emissions to the air from high-
temperature processes are large, particulate
collection devices appear largely inadequate,
and the dangers presented are of serious
concern.
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REPORT NUMBER:
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DATE:
ABSTRACT:
Toxicity of Creosote-Contarainted Sediment to
Pield-and Laboratory-Colonized Estuarine
Benthic Communities. (Journal article)
Togatz, M.E.
E. M.
Plaia, G.R.; Deans, C.H.; Lores
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA-600/J-83-189; CONTRIB-486; NTIS: PB84-
175231
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry, v2 p441-450, 1983. (13p)
8 Aug 83
Macrobenthic animal communities that
colonized uncontaminated and creosote-
contaminated sand during 8 weeks were
compared to assess effects of marine-grade
creosote on community structure. Aquaria
were colonized in the laboratory by
planktonic larvae entrained in continuously
supplied unfiltered seawater and in the field
by animals that occurred naturally.
Individuals and species in aquaria that
contained 844 and 4420 micrograms creosote/g
were significantly fewer than those in the
control. Abundance of animals in field-
colonized communities contaminated with 177
micrograms/g, but not in laboratory-colonized
communities, also was less than that in the
control. The lowest concentration at either
site that affected numbers of individuals or
species was 844 micrograms/g for mollusks and
177 micrograms/g for echinoderms, annelids,
and arthropods. Initial measured
concentrations of creosote in sand (mid-range
concentration) decreased by 30% in the
laboratory and by 42% in the field at the end
of the eight-week test.
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ABSTRACT:
Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Related
Compounds to Early Life Stages of Selected
Estuarine Animals. (Journal article (Final))
Borthwick, Patrick W.; Schimmel, Steven C.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPA/600/J-78/076; CONTRIB-343; NTIS: PB-290
073/6
Pub. in Pentachlorophenol, p!41-146 1978.
(8p)
1978
Newly hatched individuals of four estuarine
species were exposed to pentachlorophenol
(PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP), or
Dowicide G (79%Na-PCP), in static toxicity
tests. The 96-hour LC50 values for
sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) fry
exposed to PCP at ages 1-day, 2-week, 4-week,
and 6-week were 329, 392, 240, and 223
micrograms/1, respectively. The 96-hour LC50
value for 2-week-old fry exposed to Dowicide
G was 516 micrograms/1. The larvae (48-hour
post hatch) of pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides,
were particularly sensitive to Na-PCP (96
hour LC50: 33 micrograms/1) and Dowicide
G(96-hour LC50:66 micrograms/1). For 24-
hour-old grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)
larvae exposed to NA-PCP the 96-hour LC50 was
649 micrograms/1. NaPCP caused abnormal
development of eastern oyster (Crassostrea
virginica) embryos, the 48-hour EC50 being 40
micrograms/1.
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REPORT NUMBER:
Treating Wood Perserving Plant Wastewater by
Chemical and Biological Methods. (Final
rept.)
White, John T.; Bursztynsky, T. A.; Crane,
John D.; Jones, Richard H.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc.,
Gainesville, 'Fla.
Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Forest
Products Div.; Industrial Environmental
Research Lab.-Cincinnati , Ohio.
EPA/600/2-76/231; NTIS: PB-265 454/9
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
DATE:
ABSTRACT:
EPA-12100-HIG
Prepared by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh,
Pa. Forest Products Div. (lllp)
Sep 76
A completely mixed activated sludge system
was designed for a wood preserving plant with
an average daily wastewater flow of 27,000
I/day (7,150 gal/day), a BOD concentration of
1,100 mg/1, and a phenol concentration of 120
mg/1. Included in the design were
capabilities for pre- and pos t-
chlorination. The activated sludge system
alone was capable of removing 90 percent BOD,
75 percent COD, 99 percent phenol, and 76
percent pentachlorophenol. Post chlorination
dosages of over 50 mg/1 resulted in 50 and 52
percent reductions of phenol and
pentachlorophenol, respectively. Laboratory
pre-chlorination studies showed removal of
phenol and pentachlorophenol at chlorine
dosages in excess of 250 mg/1.
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CORPORATE SOURCE;
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CONTRACT NUMBER:
NOTES:
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ABSTRACT:
Validation of an Emission Measurement Method
for Inorganic Arsenic from Stationary
Sources: Proposed Method 108. Laboratory
and Field Test Evaluation. (Final rept.)
Ward, T. E. ; Jayanty, R. K. M.; Groshse, P.
M.; Gutknecht, W. F. ; Brut fey, C. L.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle
Park, NC .
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.;
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA/600/4-84/080; NTIS: PB85-115160/XAB
EPA-68-02-3767
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-
Envir onmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. (94p)
Oct 84
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) has listed inorganic arsenic
emissions as a hazardous air pollutant. USEPA
proposed Method 108 for the measurement of
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these emissions from stationary sources has
been subjected to validation studies in this
work. Laboratory and field studies were
performed. Laboratory studies included
analysis of laboratory samples, preparation
and analysis of liquid and filter audit
samples, and sample stability
determinations. Field studies included
determination of the precision of the method
in the measurement of inorganic arsenic
emissions from stationary sources at the two
industries currently subject to the USEPA
proposed inorganic arsenic emissions
regulations. Considering the sampling sites
and the variability of process operations,
these results indicate a highly acceptable
degree of precision. Literature reviews to
reveal the sources of emissions are
reported. Recommendations are made for
improving the method.
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ABSTRACT:
Wood Preservatives Decision Fact Sheet
USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs
In Office of Pesticide Program Fact Sheets
(6p. )
July 11, 1984
No Abstract Available
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REPORT NUMBER;
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ABSTRACT:
Wood Preservative Pesticides Creosote/
Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic
Arsenicals (Wood Uses) Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances.
EPA-540/9-82-004; NTIS: PB82-229956
Errata sheet inserted. (906p)
Mar 82
This document details the final determination
regarding the Rebut table Presumption Against
Registration (RPAR) of products containing
the above chemical. The responses by EPA to
comments on the preliminary determination by
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ABSTRACT:
the Scientific Advisory Panel and the United
States Department of Agriculture are
contained in the document. A bibliography of
citations used in this final determination is
also provided.
Wood Preservative Pesticides: Creosote,
Pentachlorophenol and the Inorganic
Arsenicals. Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
EPA/540/9-84/003; NTIS: PB84-241538
See also PB82-229956. (367p)
Jul 84
This Position Document 4 contains the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) final
decision on the Wood Preservatives
Pentachlorophenol, Creosote and Inorganic
Arsenicals. EPA has decided to: restrict
use of these chemicals to certified
applicators; reguire reduction of dioxin
(HxCDD) in pentachlorophenol products;
institute a consumer awareness program for
sate handling of pr essur e-tr eated wood; and
further protect workers in wood treatment
plants through protective clothing and other
measures. This regulatory action was taken
under the authority of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
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Mood Preserving Industry Multimedia Emission
Inventory. (Final rept. Apr 78-Jun 80)
DaRos, Bruce; Fitch, Bill; Franklin, Carole;
Friedman, Mike; Merrill, Richard
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH.
ACUREX-FR-80-53/EE; EPA-600/2-81-066;
NTIS: PB81-205999
EPA-68-03-2584
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and
Environmental Div. (269p)
Apr 81
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ABSTRACT:
Restriction of the discharge of wastewater
generated during the preservation of wood has
resulted in the increased use of evaporation
techniques by the wood preserving industry.
This report discusses emissions that may
occur during evaporation and projects the
pollutant burden on the environment. The
information presented includes a description
of the wood preserving industry, its
products, the regulations impacting its
emissions, and the nature of its emissions.
The application of preservatives is discussed
in detail and includes discussions of the
waste streams generated during the treatment
process. Disposal of the generated waste-
water is the primary topic of discussion,
supported by the laboratory and field
sampling data. The measured emissions are
compared to evaporation models, followed by
an industrywide projection of the emission of
organics if evaporation is used for the
disposal of wastewater. The impact of
regulations on future emission rates is also
projected. The primary conclusion of this
work is that organic compounds are emitted to
the atmosphere during evaporation. The rate
of release is based on the type of
evaporation system used: solar ponds,
thermal (pan) evaporators, spray ponds or
cooling towers; the temperature (thermal)
driving force used; the molecular weight and
volatility of the substances; and the
concentration of each component in solution
following wastewater pr etr eatme nt.
TITLE:
AUTHOR:
REPORT NUMBER:
ABSTRACT:
[Settlement agreement between EPA and the
American Wood Preservers Institute. FIFRA
Docket Nos. 529, et al.l
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA 540/MISC, FIFRA DOCKET NO. 529, et al.
A settlement agreement on regulatory measures
covering the distribution, sale and use of
pesticides for preserving wood has been
reached by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and major parties representing the
wood preserving industry. However, the issue
of what hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD)
contaminant limit will be imposed for
pentachlorophenol products was not resolved
by the settlement. The agreement was signed
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on September 30. Representatives of the wood
preserving industry participating in the
agreement were the American Wood Preservers
Institute, the National Forest Products
Association, the Society of American Wood
Preservers, the Chapman Chemical Company, and
other wood preservative registrants. The
terms of this settlement agreement, will be
implemented through notice in the Federal
Register. In July, 1984, the agency issued a
notice requiring extensive changes to the
terms and conditions of registration for the
wood preservative pesticides creosote,
pentachlorophenol, and inorganic
arsenicals. The changes restricted the use
of these products to certified applicators,
required protective clothing for workers
using the chemicals, and imposed a limitation
on the HxCDD contamination of
pentachlorophenol. The notice also called
for the implementation of aeons umer awareness
program to inform the public about the proper
use and handling of wood treated with
preservatives. Numerous registrants, trade
associations and user groups challenged the
agency's action under provisions of the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act and requested a hearing
beofre an administrative law judge. These
reauests automatically delayed the effective
date of the agency's action. In the
settlement that has been reached, EPA and the
participating parties have agreed to adopt
certain modifications in the registrations of
the three wood preservative pesticides, thus
avoiding a lengthy hearing on these issues.
Specifically, the settlement agreement
includes provisions for restricting most uses
of wood preservatives to certified
applicators; label changes governing the use
of the pr eservt ives; and measures to reduce
worker exposure, including the wearing of
protective clothing. For the limited number
of creosote uses not restricted to certified
applicators, the industry has agreed to adopt
stringent packaging and labeling restrictions
for the affected products and to institute a
mandatory, EPA-approved training program for
all applicators. Also under the agreement,
the trade associations (on behalf of their
members) have agreed to implement a voluntary
consumer awareness program for providing the
public with information about the proper use,
handling and disposal of treated wood. Ths
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program includes an industry-sponsored audit
approved by the agency which is designed to
evaluate the success of the voluntary
program. The associations have agreed to
begin this program within 60 days. The
agreement does not resolve the issue of the
HxCCD limitation for pentachlorophenol
products. The agency and certain
pentachlorophenol registrants are currently
involved in negotiations on this issue.
Copies of this agreement can be obtained by
calling or writing to:
Office of Public Affairs (A-107)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 382-4355
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V, Li ?rary
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
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