Cost For Treating Coal Mine Discharges
The interim final rule making for the coal mining point source
ca-t-.-ciqoi: / established four subcategories for the industry:
Suboart A - Coal Preparation Plant Subcategory;
Suboart b - Coal Storage, Refuse Storage and Coal Preparation Plant
Ancillary Area Subcategory
Subpart. C - Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage Subcategory,
Subpart D - Alkaline Mine Drainage Subcategory.
For the purposes of snaking an economic analysis of the impact to
the coal mine industry for meeting the additional limitations required
by the court order of December 16, 1975 (NRDC vs Train, Civ, Dkt. No,
1609-73) establishing additional limitations for the coal mining point
source category the industry was segmented into model mines and
preparation plants. These models were supplied by the contractor who
is preparing the draft economic analysis. (See Figure 1}
I. Bituminous, Sub-Bituminous, ^ignite .Mining.
Some general comments apply to this industry segment.
Each of the regional segmentations are subdivided into Deep
Mining, Surface Mining and Auger Mining, Auger mining is a form of
surface mining. For developing effluent limitation guidelines, auger
mining is considered under surface mining.
The total number of mines in each segment is from the final MESA
statistics for 1973. These statistics do not separate mines in
Kentucky by Eastern Kentucky and western Kentucky as does the
suggested segmentation. All mines in Kentucky are included in the
Southern Appalachia segment. MESA defines a coal operation as one
mine if the pits are: 1. owned by the same company, 2. supervised by
the same superintendent, 3. located in the same county.
This definition of coal operations being one mine is used in the
statistics for each of the segments where total mines in the segment
is shown and the number of mines in the segment visited is shown.
In the deep mine segment for each regional segmentation a
rationalization is made based on average percipitation in the
geographic area, depth of cover (above or below drainage), total area
of the mine, percent extraction, and permeability of overburden.
Based on an annual precipitation of 32 to 40 inches per year and
published base runoff figures, approximately 30 percent of the
percipitation is available to the ground water system. The amount of
-------
7.
10S94
RULIS AND REGULATIONS
TAIH.K 0.|>t. I, we. 11.102-i]
Trs( almosphrio
Cnnhlor typo
t!fw OoncpiUrii- l-'low Nuniher
ttr 'tion (p-irts r,ilt! of
vapor per million) (liteisinT tests
imnulc)
,M:ulr.inm Minimum
Add gas
types.'
Combination of all of above typos *-
Equili-
brate").
As received.
Equili-
braU'l.
SO,
n,
SOi
Cl,
cci)
CCI.
Nil,
rn
CO
CO
5,000
s.ooo
5,01)0
.>, mm
r>, ouu
5,000
5.000
5,000
20,000
5, '.100
3,000
Gl
64
31'
33
04
32
64
32
'32
'32
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
' 2
3
3
5
fi
i
5
5
6
SO
SO
<>>
13
1'J
13
12
12
12
12
12
CO
' Minimum life will be .Hermlned at the indicated penetration.
8 Uelulive hunuditv of ie.st utniospheve will be i'.")±3 pel; tempeiahu'c of t H atmosphere will be 25^2.5° C.
* Maximum allowable CO penetration will be 3bj cm1 during the minimi; - life. The penetration ilmll nol exceed
500 p/m Ouiing Ibis time.
* Relative humidity of tost atinospliere will be 05±3 pet; tempeiaturo of test atmosphere mitoring the test future
»-ill be 04-3.5" C -0°.
Test conditions ami reqniic.Tionts will be applieablo as shown above.
TrM conditions and rpfnurements will bo applicable as shown above, c\c«pt tho minimum service lives for add
gas, oiganic vapor, and ammonia will bo 0 nun instead of 12 mm.
TABLE 7.Canister bench tests and, requirements for cacapc_ gas mask canisters
130 CFR pt. 11, subpt. I, sec. 11.102-5]
Test atmosphere
Canister typo
Tost
condition
Equilibrated
Equilibrated
Gas Conccntra- Flow Xi
or tion (parts rate
vapor per million) (liters per t
minute)
SOi
Cl?
CC1(
ecu
NHj
NHj
co
CO
CO
5,000
:-lcoc
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
10,0110
5.0-.
3,000
(VI
(51
el
33
(V!
82
= 32
32
'32
Moxlum i Minimum
allow.ibw sci vice
imbcr penetriv- lifo
of tion (poi ts (luinutei.)1
csts per
million)
3
a
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
5
5
0
5
5
6
SO
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
'CO
(W
00
* Minimum life will be dotenninod at the indicated penetration.
1 Relative humidity of test atmosphere will bo O.i^j pet; lemper.ui.;.. ^.' u^t ;.::...-.'.-;;!,:-! -.-.-:!! '« 55±2 J" C
> Maximum allowable CO penetration will be 3SO cm1 during tlio uuiiiuiuiu life. The penetration shall not exceed
500 p/m during this time.
* ff eflluent temporaturo exceeds 100° C during this test, the escape gas mask shall be equipped uith an effective
heat exchanger.
* Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 93i3 pet; temperature of test atmosphere entering the tepl fixture
TV ill be 0+2.5° C -0" C.
7. Section 11.93 is revised to read as
follows:
§ 11.93
CuiiNtcrs an .su-;
pended at least ten (10) feet above th
ground and four (4) feet horizontal!
from any post, tree trunk or branch. Th:
restriction does not apply to food that j
in the process of bains transported, b'j
ing eaten, or being prepared for eatin:
This regulation will become effcctiv
April 14, 1976.
ROBERT R. JACOBSEN,
Superintendent,
Shenandoah National Park.
[PR Doc.76-74p2 Fllcl 3-12-76:8:45 am]
\ 7
,X Title 40Protection of Environment
'(* CHAPTER IENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBCHAPTER NEFFLUENT GUIDELINES
AMD STAtlD'.nDS
(FRL 504-8]
PART 434COAL MINING POINT
SOURC£ CATEGORY
Notice of Availability From an Inspectio
Standpoint On!v "Cost for Trpntin^ Cn.
Mine Discharges"
On October 1C, 1975, the Agency pub
lished a notice of interim final rule mak
ing establishing effluent limitations an
guidelines based on best practicable con
trol technology currently available fc
the Coal Mining Point Source Categor
(40 CFR 48830). Reference was made i
tue prcttiViljlc: to w£rttt«u supplenicntay
materials supporting the study of th
industry which are available for inspec
tion and copying.
An additional report entitled "Cost fc
Treating Coal Mine Discharges" detail
ins the cost of pollution control has bee
piepared and is now available for in
spection, along with the supplemental-
materials cited previously, at the EP.
Public Information Reference Uni
Room 2922 (EPA Library), Watersid
Mall, 401 M Street, S.W., Washingtoi
D.C. 20460. The EPA information regu
lation, 40 CFR Part 2, provides that
reasonable fee may be charged for copy
ing.
Dated: March 10,1976.
ANDREW W. BREIDENBACH, Ph.D.,
Assistant Administrator, For
Water and Hazardous Materials.
(FR Doc.70-7368 Filed 3-12-7G;8:45 am)
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. 51MONDAY, MARCH IS, 1976
-------
available water that perculat.es to mine level will depend on the
coeffecient of permeability at depth. This coeffecient of
permeability is in turn related to depth below ground surface, rock
types arid fracture characteristics. Published data on permeability is
generally restricted to comparatively shallow depths of less than 2CO
feet, and indicates >a permeability of 0.01 to 4.0 ft/day.
Permeability of overburden from mine visits made during the study
performed by Skelly and Loy indicates a permeability of 0 to 1.2
ft/day for mines visited. Slope mines and drift mines average 0.47
ft/day, and shaft mines average 0.42 ft/day for mines making water.
Note the deep mines without mine drainage are not included in this
average, and that deep mines in the small and medium mine segmentation
were purposely selected that had mine drainage.
Drainage from deep mines in the model segments were based on 200
to 600 gallons per acre mined, with all drainage considered to be
isotropic under water table conditions.
For all mines in estimating area disturbed it assumed that mining
is restricted to single seam extraction. For deep mines the area
disturbed is based on the area which would be disturbed over one half
of the mine's life. Deep mine area based on half mine life would also
take into account older mines working out and the abandoned and sealed
areas of these mines where pumping is no longer required.
In the small mine category it is assumed that the tonnage will
remain at 50,000 ton per year. In fact, many of the mines included in
the less than 50,000 ton per year mined in 1973 are actually new mines
with projected tonnage much higher than 50,000 tons per year.
The interim final regulation published October 17, 1975 in the
Federal Register defines a coal mine as an active mining area of land
with all property placed upon, under or above the surface of such
land, used in or resulting from the work at extracting coal from its
natural deposits by any means or method including secondary recovery
of coal from refuse or other storage piles derived from the mining,
cleaning, or preparation of coal. Mine drainage is defined in the
interim final guideline as any water drained, pumped or siphoned from
a coal mine. In the interim final guideline there are two categories
of mine drainage based primarily on the treatment required of the raw
mine drainage and generally related to geographic location of the
mine. The addendum to the interim final guideline will establish a
numerical value for the effluent characteristics mentioned in the
interim final guideline. It is anticipated that the addendum to the
interim final guideline will further define mine drainage from surface
0000002
-------
mines so that: "Any drainage from a surfaca mine or section thereof
which has been returned, to final contour shall not be required to meet
the limitation set forth providing such drainage is not mingled with
untreated mine drainaqe which is subject to the limitations." It also
anticipated that "final contour" shall be defined as the surface shape
or contour of a surface mine {or section thereof) after all mining and
earth moving operations have been completed at that surface mine {or
section thereof). For the model surface mines it assumed that the
active area is the area affected over a six month period, This area
affected over six months may be considered a maKimum area as most
surface mines will have the area returned to its final contour well
within six months. The mine drainage from model surface mines is
therefor based on an area affected over a six month period,, the 10
year - 24 hour percipitatio.n event as taken from Technical Paper
Number 10 - Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States or NOAA
Atlas II - Precipitation - Frequency Atlas of the Western United
States. Maximum mine drainage volumes are assumed from these
precipitation events with all of the precipitation going to mine
drainage. Retention periods for settling basins are assumed at 2^
hours. The size of the acid mine drainage treatment plant at a
surface mine is based on a rainfall of 1/3 inch in a day, or the
amount of water to be treated based an annual rainfall of UO inches.
Best practicable control technology currently available costs are
total costs. Best available technology economically achievable costs
represent cost increments to the 3PT costs to attain BAT standards.
The selected approach for costs, cost factors and costing
methodology for the model mine segments provided entailed the
derivation of costs for the various facilities and activities which,
in combination, form the specified treatment processes. Where
practical and applicable, the costs are shown as a function of
variables which are generally knows for specific mining operations
(e.g. daily flow rate, size of impoundment area, amount of flocculant
added per volume of waste water).
Capital Investment
Holding/Settling Ponds
All ponds are rectangular in shape, with the bottom length twice
the bottom width. The width of the top of the dike is 3 meters. The
dikes of the lagoons form a 27-degree angle with the ground surface.
The interior area is excavated to depth sufficient to provide all the
0000003
-------
material needed for the construction of the dikes. The earth is
assumed to be sandy loam with"granular material.
Costs categories and cost factors used to estimate the costs of
the ponds are as follows:
Construction Category Cost
Excavation and Forming $ 1.5G/m3
Compacting with Sheep's Foot 2
Fine-Grade Ginishing 0
Soil Poisoning l.'49/m (circumference)
All cost factors except soil poisoning are based on Reference 1; the
latter is from Reference 2. The costs are adjusted to 1974 dollars
based on the Marshall and Stevens Equipment Cost Index for Mining and
Milling.
Excavation, forming and compacting costs are based on the amount
of material in the dike. Fine-grade finishing is computed from the
dike surface area (i.e. the product of the perimeter of the cross
section of the dike and its circumference). The construction cost is
increased by 15 percent to account for site preparation and
mobilization costs.
Costs and required areas for ponds ranging in volume from IOC m3
to 100,000 m3 are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Hydrated Lime System
The major components of the hydrated lime system are tanks, a
slurry mixer and feeder with associated instrumentation, pumps and a
building to house the latter two components. Hydrated lime system
costs as a function of daily flow of waste water are shown in Figure
4. The costs are from Reference 3 excalated to 1974 dollars using the
aforementioned Marshall and Stevens index.
The costs in Figure 4 were applied to relatively large operations.
A simpler system consisting o£ a lime storage facility and a lime
feeder v/as devised for the smaller operations. Its costs are:
Lime storage facility 3500 - $1,000
Lime feeder (Ref. 2) , $1,375
Total $1,875 - 32,375
OOOC004
-------
Flash mix tanks are employed in conjunction with a number of the
lime treatment systems. A ton minute retention time is assumed for
estimating the required size of the tank. Flash mix tank costs are
shown in Figure 4. They are from Reference 3 escalated to 1974
dollars.
Clarifiers
Installed costs of clarifiers are presented in Figure 6.
Equipment costs were obtained from vendors (Reference 4). Installed
costs are estimated to be 2.5 times the equipment purchase price.
Flocculant Feed Systems
The system consists of a tank, a feed pump mounted under the tank,
interconnecting piping with relief-return system and stainless steel
agitator. The system design and the costs following are from
Reference 2.
Tank Size Cost
190 1 (50 gal) $1,400
570 1 (150 gal) 1,800
1,900 1 (500 gal) 2,850
Systems were selected for employment at mining operations based on
treatment flow requirements.
Filtration Systems
Investment and operating costs of filters are presented in Figure
7. The operating costs include depreciation. The costs are based on
Reference 5 and represent preliminary estimates.
Aerators
Aerators consist of a concrete-lined pit sized for 90 minute
retention. Aeration is by means of a mechanical surface aerator.
Floor thickness of the pits is assumed to be 0.2 m, wall thickness 0.4
m. The cost in place of the floor is estimated to be 316.90/m2 and of
the walls S268.1Q/m3 of concrete in place. Both unit costs are from
Reference 1 escalated to 1974 dollars.
0000005
-------
For example, the cost of a 400 m3 pit measuring 4 x 10 x 10 m is
as follows:
Floor 10 x 10 x 16,90 $1,690
Walls ±U(4 x 10 x .U)1 263.10 17,160
Total $18,850
The addition of the mechanical aerator, costing $2,800 (Reference 2),
results in a total cost of 521,650.
Pumps
Pump costs as a function of pump capacity, expressed in liters/
minute, are shown in Figure 3. The types and sizes of pumps required
for a particular activity can vary widely, depending on the
characteristics of the material being pumped and the height and
distance the material must be transported.
Costs are shown for two representative types of< pumps. The
slurry-pump costs are based on pumping a slurry of 55 percent solids
along level ground, The water-pump costs assume that the water is
pumped to head of 18 m. Installed pump costs are derived from
Reference 6. Standby pumps are assumed necessary in all cases, and
their costs are included in the costs shown in Figure 8.
Pipes
The estimation of pipe costs initially reguires a determination of
the appropriate pipe size. Figure 9 shows the pipe diameter as a
function of daily flow for flow rates of 1 and 2 m/sec. Figure 10
present-3 installed pipe costs as a function of pipe diameter (Ref. 1
and 7) .
Ditching
In some cases ditches rather than pipes are used for transporting
the waste water. The ditches are assumed to have a 3 m cross section
and a depth of 1 m. The estimated cost is $4.9Q/lineal meter.
Fences
Fences, where required, are costed at S16.'40/lineal meter.
Land
0000006
-------
Land costs for treatment facilities are included only for deep
mining operations at $2,U70/ha. In the case of surface mining it is
assumed that the land is already owned by the mining company, and the
use of the land is short lived (6 months).
Annual Cost
Annual costs are presented. Included in annual costs are land,
amortization, and operations and maintenance. The breakdown and
bases of these costs are explained below.
Land
Annual land cost represents an opportunity cost. This cost is
included only in the deep mine category. It is assumed that surface
mines have adequate land available. The annual land cost is based on
10 percent of initial acquisition cost.
Amortization
Annual depreciation and capital costs are computed for facilities
and equipment as follows:
CA = 3 (r) (1+r) n
(l-t-r)n -1
where
CA - Annual cost
B = Initial amount invested
r = Annual interest rate
n - Useful life in years
This is often called the capital recovery factor. The computed annual
cost essentially represents the sum of the interest cost and
depreciation.
An interest rate of 8 percent is used. The expected useful life
(n) is 10 years for equipment. The expected useful life for
facilities (ponds, fencing, etc.) are based on the mine life. For
example, if the mine life is 15 years the capital-recovery factor is
.117. This factor times the facility cost yields the amount that must
be paid each year to cover both interest and depreciation.
Operation and Maintenance
-> , ->
L
-------
Operation and maintenance (O S M) consists of the tollowing items.
Operating personnel
Facility repair and maintenance
Equipment repair and maintenance
Material
Energy (Electricity)
Regrad ing
Taxes
Insurance
Operating personnel
Personnel costs are based on an hourly rate of $9,00. This
includes fringe benefits, overhead, and supervision (Ref. 1).
Personnel are assigned for t.he operation of specific treatment
facilities as required. Representative man power assignments are:
Lime Treatment 1/2 - 1 hour/shift
Flocculation 1/2 hour/mix
Equipment and Facility Repair and Maintenance
The annual equipment cost and the annual facility repair and
maintenance are estimated to be 5 percent and 3 percent, respectively,
of capital cost. These factors are based on References 7 and 8.
Reference 8 indicates some variability in these costs for
equipment. For example, costs associated with tanks are generally
less than 5 percent-, whsras costs associated with pumps and piping may
be somewhat higher. Thus, the 5 percent value represents an average
cost.
iMaterial Costs
The material costs shown below are used in this study. The costs
include delivery.
Hydratect Lime S33.00/KKG ($30.00/short ton) {Ref. 9)
Flocculant 32.65/kg ($1.20/lb) (Ref. 10)
Hydrated lime is used in treating acid mine drainage. The amount
used varies from .5 kg/m^ to 1 kg/m3,"(4 lb/1000 gal. - 8 lb/1000
gal.) Flocculant usage is assumed to be 10 mg/1 (10 ppm).
0000008
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Energy Costs
The only energy used is electricity. The cost per kilowatt-hour
is assumed to be $0.025. This results in a cost of $200/HP/year.
Regrading
Regrading is necessary in those instances where a new settling
pond is built every 6 months. Regrading costs are incurred when the
mining operation is relocated and the dikes are leveled. The cost for
regracling are based on the area of the settling pond. In this study
S1150/ hectare ($40C/acre) is used. Kef. 7
Taxes and Insurance
Taxes are estimated as 2.5 percent of land cost. Insurance cost
is included as 1 percent of total capital cost {Ref. 7).
A.. Northern Appalachia (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia,West
Virginia)
Mines of this region can generally be categorized as being acid or
ferruginous in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio and the northern part of
West Virginia. Treatment cost for mine drainage is therefore based on
treating acid mine drainage for this region. It should be noted
however that 2/3 of the production in West Virginia and the mines of
Virginia can be categorized as alkaline which requires either no
treatment for deep mines or only settling for deep mines and settling
for surface mines. This region also has over 50 percent of the total
mines in the U.S. in the small deep mine segment {less than 50,000
tons per year) with most of the mines in the alkaline mine drainage
category requiring no treatment of mine drainage, or the mine is dry.
However, it is assumed neutralization is required in the case of
both deep and surface mining operation to attain BPT standard. For
the deep and surface mines, 1 and .5 killograms of lime, respectively,
is used per thousand liters of waste water treated.
The treatment system for the large deep mine model consists of the
following major facilities and equipment.
Raw water holding pond
Lime system with flash mix tank.
Aeration tank
0000009
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Clarifier
j> L'
The clarifier is sized for a retention time of 12 hours. The
underflow from the clarifier is pumped back into the mine; the over-
flow to a nearby creek. The holding pond is sized for 1 day retention
x 1,5 to allow for necessary freeboard.
For the large deep mine {seam height = 60") increasing the
clarifier retention time to 24 hours would result in a capital cost of
$460,175, an annual co.st of '5255,570 and at cost per KKG of $0.28.
The medium and small deep mine treatment systems do not use a
clarifier- Instead, two settling ponds are provided, each sized for 2
day retention x 1.5 for freeboard. The settling ponds are used
alternatively in order to allow time to pump the sludge accumulated in
the ponds back into the mine,
Application of a similar treatment process to the large, deep mine
operation and including the cost of a Mud Cat to remove sludge from
the settling ponds would result in the costs shown in Table 1,
In the case of surface mines, mining sites are assumed relocated
at six months intervals, A. settling pond sized for retention of a 10
ye.nr-24 hour rainfall (4") is constructed at each site. To
illustrate, the size and coat of the settling pond for the large
surface mine (seam height = 60") is computed as follows. The
disturbed area during a six month period is 13 ha. The 10 year-24
hour storm results in a drainage of 1,01G m3/ha. The required lagoon
size is 13 x 1,01C - 13,130 in3.' Its cost trom Figure 2 is 319,200.
This cost is shown as an operating cost.
0000010
-------
TABLE 1
Northern Appalachia - Large, Deep Mine - Seaia Height = 60"
Capital Cost
Land
Facilities
Holding Ponds
Settling Ponds (2)
Fencing
Equipment
Lime Storage & Treatment
Aerator
Pipes
Pump
Pump
Mud Cat
Annualized Cost
Land
Amortization
Equipment
Facilities
Oper. Personnel
Facility Maintenance
Equipment Maintenance
Material
Energy
Taxes
Insurance
Cost/Day (O & M)
S/KKG
Total
Total
$ 6,175
4, 940
45,000
10,365
91,200
21,b50
17,520
19,680
5,520
75,000
$297,050
£ 620
34, 3'40
5,670
77,130
1,130
11,525
68,650
32,000
155
2,970
,5234,870
$ 532
0.26
0000011
-------
At a surface mine the total rainfall may not. reach the settling
basin because of percolation. This loss is assumed to provide for the
necessary pond, freeboard.
The only capital cost incurred at a surface mine is for the lime
storage and treatment equipment which is transported from site to
site. Labor costs tor relocating the equipment (4 man days) are
included with operating personnel. The size of the AMD plant at a
surface mine is based on a rainfall of 1/3" in a day; the amount of
water to be treated on an annual rainfall of 40".
Natural depressions may exist at some surface mines which will
elimate the need to construct a settling pond. Assuming this was the
case for the small surface mining operation (seam height 36"), its
annual cost would be reduced to $6,275 and the cost/ KKG to $0.14.
The latter is lower-bound cost. m general, depending on the
topography, the costs/KKG for the surface mines can be expected to
range from about .6 to 1.0 of the costs shown.
3ATEA for both the deep and surface mines consists of the addition
of deep bed filtration at the AMD plants. Technically the application
of this treatment process is limited to large and medium size
operations. If filters are required for suspended solids removal
small operations may be able to use filters similar to those used for
swimming pools. It should be noted however that suggested suspended
solids level for BAT were based primarily on 3 mines exhibiting the
very best overall control and treatment technology. These mines do
not employ filtration for suspended solids removal. Deep bed
filtration is a transfer of existing technology from such industries
as the steel and paper industries.
In this region some of the more commonly worked and more
productive seams are: Pittsburgh Seam, Kittanning Seams, Freeport
Seams, Pocahontas Seams, Five Block Seam, the lumber 2 Gas Seam. The
model mines reflect the heights of these seams.
",
1. Deep Mines
a. Large Mine (Tor.al in segment 225, visited 56)
Mine life 25 years; 1 million tons per year; 70 percent recovery;
60 inch thick seam; 7,000 tons per acre recoverable; 143 acres
mined per year; 1,857 mined in 13 years; 400 foot of cover (below
drainage); 600 gallons per acre acid mine drainage; 1,114,000 gallons
0000012
-------
per day; design 1 and 1/2 million qallons per day AMD plant.
A. second model mine was developed with a seam height of 52 inches for c<
of cost.
b. Medium mine (total in segment 227, visited 3)
Mine life 15 ye-irs; 100,000 tons per year; 70 percent
recovery; 40 inch thick seam; 4,270 per acre recoverable;
23.4 acres mined per year; 187.4 acres mined in 8 years; 200
foot of cover (above drainage); 600 gallons per acre acid
mine drainage; 113,000 gallons per day; design 150,000
gallons per day acid mine drainage treatment facility.
A second model mine was developed for this segment with a seam
height of 32 inches for comparison of cost.
c. Small mine {total in segment 439, visited 10)
Mine life 10 years; 50,000 tons per year; 75 percent
recovery; 36 inch thick seam; 3920 tons per acre recoverable;
12.8 acres mined per year; 64 acres mined in 5 years; 200
foot of cover (above drainage); 600 gallons per acre acid
mine drainage; 38,400 gallons per day; design 50,000 gallons
per day acid mine drainage treatment facility.
A second model mine was developed for this segment with a seam
height of 40 inches for cost comparison.
2. Surface Mines
a. Large mine (total in segment .101, visited 10)
Mine life 20 years; 1/2 million tons per year; 90
percent recovery; 60 inch thick seam; 7,840 tons per
acre recoverable; 64 acres mined per year; 32 acres in
the active mine area (13 ha); settling facility is based
on 1,010 cum/ha in the active mine area; AMD plant
designed for 367 cum/day, settling pond designed for
13130 cum.
For cost comparison a second model was developed with a seam
height of 48 inches.
b. Medium mine (total in segment 290, visited 13)
Mine life 10 years; 100,000 tons per year; 42 inch thick seam; 80
percent recovery (including auger mining); 4,88C tons
0000013
-------
per acre recovered; 20.5 acres per year; 10.25 acres in
the active miny area (3,2 na) ; 1,010 cu;n/ha in the
active nine area; AMD plant designed for 118 cum/day;
settling pond designed for 3232 cum.
A second model mine £or this segment was developed with a assumed
seam height of 54 inches.
c. Small mine
(total in segment 101, visited 10)
Mine life 5 years; 50,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery;
36 inch thick s^am; 4,705 tons per acre recoverable; 10.6
acres per year mined; 5.3 acres in the active mine area {2.2
ha); 1,010 cum/ha in the active mine area; AMD plant designed
for 62 cum/day, settling pond designed for 2222 cum.
A second model mine for this segment was developed using a seam
thickness of 51 inches for cost comparison.
3PT and BAT cost for tne model deep arid surface mining operations
in the Northern Appalachia region are shown in tables 2, 3 and 4.
0000014
-------
TABLE 2
Northern Appalachia - Deep mine:
BPCTCA. Costs
Size
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
*eam Height (inches)
Daily Flow (m3)
Mine Life (years)
Capital Costs
Land .5
Facilities
Holding Pond
Settling Ponds
Fencing
Equipment
Lime Storage f, Equip,
Aerator
Claritier
^ Pipes
Pump-water
Pump- slurry
Total
ed Costs
and
Amortization
Facilities
Equipment
Oper. & Ma int.
Oper. Personnel
Facility Maint.
Equipment Maint.
Material
Energy
Taxes
Large
907,0
60
5,700
25
4,940
14,400
N7. A.
->,265
91,200
21,650
216,000
17,520
19,68C
5,520
430,175
495
2,225
55,365
59,130
710
18,580
68,650
33,500
125
tT'
f l
U (. -
CO
52
6,575
5,930
15,600
M.A.
10,170
99,000
23,590
228,000
18,000
21,600
5,760
U27,<,50
595
2,425
58,995
59,130
775
19,800
79,195
36,200
150
L' <-'/ I [^
Medium
90,700
40 32
568 710
15
S3, 705 $5
2,520 2
7,680 9
8,035 9
5,375 5
N. A.
N . h .
3,400 3
3,240 3
2,500 2
36,455 41
370
2,135 2
2,160 2
9,855 9
550
725
6,840 8
1,800 1
95
\
;
,185
,880
,120
,510
,735
N. A.
N.A.
,400
,600
,500
,930
.520
,515
,270
,855
645
760
,550
,800
130
Small
45,350
40 32
190 23
10
SI, 850
1,200
1,980
5,675
3,795
N. A.
K.A,
3,400
1,800
2,280
21,980
185
1,320
1,680
3,285
265
565
2,290
1,000
45
5
4,0
N.
I1?.
3,40
2 , OA
2,2|8
22,9J4
1
i
I
i
i
1^75
3,28.
28
59
2,83
1,00
4
-------
Insurance
Cost/Day (O & M)
ost/KKG
4,000
5CS
'".27
U,275
5145
0,29
365
55
C.27
420
60
0.30
220
21
0. 23
23
2
0.
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-------
TABLE 3
NORTHERN APPALACHIA - Surface Mines
BPCTCA Costs
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Heighh (inches)
Drainage Area (ha)
Drainage/ha (in3)
Acid Water Treat, (in3)/day
Mine Life (Years)
Capital Cost
Lime Storage 8 Treat.
Annualized Cost
Amortization
Equipment
Oner. Maint. (6 mos.)
Settling Pond
Ditching
Operating Per.
Equipment Maint,
Materials
Regrading
Energy
Insurance
Total O & M
Annual Cost
Cost/Day (O Z M)
Cost/KKG
Large
453,500
60
13
367
S3 6
36
5
19
2
1
1
26
58
1010
20
,000 $
,000
, 365
,200
490
,720
90C
,090
305
,000
360
,565
,495
148
0.13
48
16
451
38,400
30,400
5,720
21,600
490
2,720
960
1,355
1,035
1,000
385
29,545
64,810
164
0.14
Medium
90,700
54 42
3.2 4,2
1010
90 118
10
S 4,405 $
4,405
655
7,200
370
1,910
110
265
290
200
45
10,390 1
21,435 2
58
0. 24
4,525
4,525
675
8,640
370
1,910
115
350
460
200
45
2,090
4,855
67
0.27
Small
45,350
54 36
1.4 2.2
1010
39 62
5
3 3,675
3,675
550
3,60C
245
1,910
90
115
185
150
35
6,330
13,210
35
0.29
S3,
3,
4,
1,
7,
15,
C
0000017
-------
i:orthorn Appal-achia
'' J t ' w,
3YTEA Costs
Mi tie Size
Seam lieiqhl
Inches
Deiilv ?lov;
n3
Capital
Cost
Annua
Cost
Depp Mi
L
L
M
S
60
52
UG
32
ur
32
5,700
6,575
563
710
$240,000
260,000
60,000
70,000
$58,000
62,000
21,000
23,000
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Surface Mines
M
M
S
S
60
5 '4
42
5U
36
1,100
1,365
275
350
90,000
105,000
40,000
46,000
$28,000
30,000
15,000
16,500
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
0000018
-------
13. Southern Appalachi-^ (Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee)
s in this region can generally be categorized as being
alkaline. Treatment coat for mine drainage is therefore based on
treating alkaline mine drainage. Many deep mines in this region
require no treatment either because they are dry or the raw mine
drainage meets effluent -guidelines without treatment. However, for
deep and surface mine models in. this industry segment it is assumed
that BPT will consist of settling ponds for all mines.
Pipes are used to transport the waste water to the settling ponds
in the case of the deep mines operations; ditches in the case of
surface mining operations.
Surface mine operations are assumed relocated at six month
intervals. The ponds are sized to retain a 10 year - 24 hour rainfall
(5") over the disturbed area. This amounts to 1,270 m3 of
drainage/ha. The disturoed area during any six month period for the
large mine (seam height - 60") is 14.6 ha. The required pond size is
1,270 x 14.6 - 18,5'43 m3; its cost can be read from Figure 2. The
cost is shown as an operating cost.
The costs incurred with the surface mine operations are almost
entirely associated with the construction of the settling pond. The
actual costs incurred will, therefore, be extremely site dependent.
The costs/KKG will be almost directly proportional to the pond
construction costs. If the latter are halved, the costs/KKG will be
halved.
BATEA for both deep and surface mining operations consists of
applying flocculant at the rate of 10 mg/1 (10 ppm) . Flocculation
costs for the surface mining operations are based on annual rainfall
in the region (48") over the disturbed areas. The rainfall amounts to
about 11,900 m3/ha/yr. For the large surface mine (seam height =
60"), 14.6 ha are disturbed at any given time and the yearly amount of
water which must be treated is 14,6 x 11,900 = 173,740 m3 or 485
m3/cay.
The flocculation equipment is treated as a capital cost. The
equipment is relocated at each new site.
Some of the more commonly worked and more productive seams in this
area are: Marylee Seam, Jelico Seam, Harlan Seams, Hazard Seams, and
the Kentucky 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 Seams. The model mines reflect the
height of these seams.
0000019
-------
Oeeo Mine
a. Larqe (total in segment RC
Mine life 25
48 inch thick
year mined
drainage) ;
cum/day,
visited 13)
years; 1 million tons per year; 7C percent recovery;
seam; 4,878 tons per acre recoverable; 205 acres per
years; 250 foot of cover (above
acre alkaline mine drainage, 8070
2,665 mined in 13
600 gallons per
b. Medium Mine
{total in segment 04, visited 1)
Mine life 15 years; ICO, 000 tons per year; 70 percent recovery; 42
incn tnick seam; 4,?7? tons per acre recoverable; 23.4 acres per
year mined; 187,4 acres mined in 8 years; 200 foot of cover (above
drainage); 6CO gallons per acre alkaline mine drainage, 1135
cum/ day.
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 254, visit- ed 7)
Mine life 10 years; 5C,000 tons per year; 75 percent recovery; 36
inch thick seam; 3,920 tons per acre recoverable; 12.8 acres per
year mined; 64 acres min^d in 5 years; 250 foot of cover {above
drainage) ; 600 gallons per acre alkaline mine drainage, 145
cum/ day.
II Surface Mines (including auger mining)
a. Large
(total in segment 67, visited 9)
Mine life 20 years; one half million tons per year; 80 percent
recovery; 60 inch thick seam; 6,970 tons per acre recoverable; 72
acres per year; 36 acres in the active mine area (20.6 ha); 1,27C,
cum/ha in the active mine area, settling pond designed for 26162
cum.
A second model mine was
inches for cost comoarison.
developed with a seam thickness of 60
b. Medium Mine (total in segment 84, visited 1)
Mine life 15 years; 100,000 tons per year; 70 percent recovery; 42
inch thick seam; 4,270 tons per acre recoverable; 23.4 acres per
year; 16.75 acres in the active mine area (4.1 ha); 1,270 cum/ha
in the active mine area, settling pond designed for 5207 cum.
0000020
-------
For cost comparison a second model mine was developed with a seam
thickness of 60 inches,
c. Sir, ill Mine
(total in segment 110, visited 0)
Mine lite 2 years; 50,030 tons per year; BO percent recovery; 36
inch thick seam; H,70S tons per acre recoverable; 10.6 acres per
year mined; 5.3 in active nine area (2.1 ha); 1,270 cum/ha in the
active mine area, settling pond designed for 2667 cum.
A second model mine MVJS developed for cost comparison with a seam
thickness of 42 inches,
BPT and BAT costs tor tne deep and surface mines in the Southern
Appalachian are shown in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 3.
0000021
-------
TABLE 5
Southern Aopala'chia Deep .Mines
BPCTCA Costs
tu
Annual Tonnage (KK3)
Seam Height (inches)
Daily Flow (m3)
Mine Life
Capital Cost
Land $
Facilities
Settling Pond
Fencing
Equipment
Pipes
Total
Annualized Cost
Land
Amortization
Facilities
Equipment
Operations F, Maint.
Operating Personnel
Facility Maint.
Equip. Maint.
Taxes
Insurance
Total
Cost/Day (O & M)
Cost/XKG
Large
307, CGO
43
8,070
25
1,730
18,000
5,495
6,000
31,225
175
2,230
895
3,285
7C5
895
310
7,940
13
0 . C 1
Medium
9 0 , 7 C 0
1,135
15
3 370
3,840
2,540
3,180
9,930
35
745
475
1,640
190
160
10
100
3,355
6
0.04
Small
45,350
36
145
10
$ 125
1,010
1,475
250
2,860
15
370
40
47C
75
15
5
30
1,020
2
0.02
0000022
-------
TABLE 6
Southern Appalachia Deep Mines
3ATSA Costs
Average Daily Flow
Seam Height (inches)
Capital Cost
Flocculation
Total
Annualized Cost
Amortization
Equipment
Oper. & Maint.
Equip. Maint.
Operating Per,
Materials
Total
Cost/Day (O & M)
Cost/KKG
Large
8,070
48
2,850
2,850
425
Medium
1,135
$ 1,800
1,900
273
Small
145
36
$ 1,400
1,400
210
145
6,570
75,000
82,140
225
0-09
90
3,285
10,500
14,145
38
0.16
70
1,645
1,400
3,325
9
0,07
0000023
-------
TABLE. 7,
*_/ ' -
Southern Appalachia Surface Mines
3PCTCA Costs
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Height (inches)
Drainage Area (ha)
Drainage/ha (tu3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
,453,500
60 142
14.6 20,6
1,270 1,270
20
Medium
90,700
60 42
3.2 4.1
1,270
10
1,270
Small
45,350
42 36
1.8 2,1
1,270 1,270
2
Annualized Cost
Oper. & Maint, (6 :r>o.)
Settling Pond $26,400 $31,300
Ditching 490 490
Regrading 1,150 1,495
Total 28,040 33,185
Annual Cost 56,080 66,370
Cost/Day (O 8 M) 155 185
Cost/KKG 0.12 0.15
S 7,200 $10,200 $4,800 $ 5,4<
370 370 245 2<
345 460 230 2
7,915 11,030 5,260 5,9'
15,830 22,060 10,520 11,9'
44 61 23
0.17 0.24 0.23 0.:
OOOf'024
-------
TABLE 8
Southern <\ppalachia Surface Mines
BATEA Costs
Large Medium Small
Average Daily Flow (m^) 4d5 698 105 140 60 72
Seam Height (inches) 60 42 60 42 42 36
Average Daily Flow (m3) 485 698 105 140 60 72
Seam Height '{inches) 60 42 60 42 42 36
Capital Cost
Flocculation S 1,800 3 1,800 $ 1,400 $ 1,400 $ 1,400 $ 1,4{
Total 1,300 1,800 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,4{
Armualized Cost
Amorti z a tion
Equipment 270 270 210 210 210 23
Oper, 5 Maint.
Equip. Maint. 90 90 70 70 70 ',
Operating Per. 1,645 1,645 820 1,645 820 SI
Materials 4,690 6,750 1,G15 1,355 590 695
Total 6,695 8,755 2,115 3,280 1,690 1,795
Cost/Day (O S H) 18 23 58 4 4
Cost/KKG 0.01 O.C2 C.02 0.04 0.04 0,04
0000025
-------
C. Central Region
Oklahoma, Texas,
Indiana, Kansas, Missouri,
Towa)
Mines of this region can generally be categorized as being
alkaline. Treatment costs for mine drainage is therefore based on
treating alkaline mine drainage. It should be rioted that some mines
in the Tri-state area of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky have acid or
ferruginous nine drainage. Drainage from these mines have a waste
characterization similiar to the mines in the northern Appalachian
section. This acid or ferruginous drainage is most often the product
of mining through abandoned surface or deep mines.
However, for the purpose of establishing cost for model mines all
drainage in the Central region is assumed to be alkaline. EPT and BAT
treatment process, operations, and estimated cost variations are the
same as in the Southern Appalachia region described. The 10 yr/24 hr
rainfall (5 inches) amounts to approximately 1,270 cum/ha; the annual
rainfall (U8 inches) amounts to approximately 11,900 cum/ha. Some of
the more commonly worked and more productive seams in this region are:
Illinois Number 2, 5 and 6; Indiana 3, 5 and 6; Cherokee; Tepo; and
the Stigler seams. The model mines reflect the height of these seams.
I. Deep Mines
a. Large
{total in segment 20, visited 3)
Mine life 25 years; 1 million tons per year; 60 percent recovery;
96 inch thick seam; 8,36-H tons per acre recoverable; 120 acres per
year mined; 1,560 acres mined in 13 years; 500 foot of cover
(above drainage}; 300 gallons per acre alkaline mine drainage,
1890 cum/day.
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment 5, visited 1)
Mine life 10 years; 150,000 tons per year; 60 percent recovery; 60
inch thicJc seam; 5,000 tons per acre recoverable; 30 acres per
year mined; 150 acres minad in 5 years; 300 foot of cover below
drainage; 60C gallons per acre mined alkaline mine drainage, 380
cum/day.
c. Small Mine
{total in segment 5, visited C)
Mine life 10 years; 50,000 tons per year; 60 percent recovery; 60
inch thick seam; 5,000 tons per acre recoverable; 10 acres per
year mined; 50 acres mined in 5 years; 300 foot of cover (below
0000026
-------
drainage); 600 gallons per acre alkaline mine drainage, 115
cum/day,
II, Surface Mines
a. Large
(total in segment 20, visited 3)
Mine life 25 years; 1 million tons per year; 90 percent recovery;
72 inch thick seam; 9,400 tons per acre recoverable; 106 acres
mined per year; 53 acres in active mine area (21.5 ha); 1,272
cum/ha in the active min^ area, alkaline drainage; settling pond
designed for 27348 cum
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment 21, visited 3)
Mine lite 10 years; 100,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 60
inch thick seam; 7,760 tons per acre recoverable; 13 acres mined
per year; 6,5 acres in active mine area (2.6 ha); 1,272 cum/ha in
active mine area alkaline mine drainage, settling pond designed
for 3307 cum.
For cost comparison a second model mine was developed with a seam
thickness of 42 inches.
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 40, visited 1)
Mine life 2 years; 50,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 42
inch thick seam; 5,35C tons per acre recoverable; 9 acres per year
mined; 4.5 acres in active mine area (1.8 ha); 1,272 cum/ha in
active mine area alkaline mine drainage, settling pond designed
for 2290 cum.
For cost comparisons a second model mine was developed with a seam
height of 24 inches.
BPT and BAT costs for deep and surface mines in the central
regions are presented in tables 9, 10, 11 and 12.
0000027
-------
TABLE 9
Central legion Deep Mines
BPCTCA. Costs
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Height {inches
Daily Flow (m3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
Medium
Small
907,000
96
1,390
25
136,050
60
330
10
45,350
60
115
10
Capital Cost
Land S
Facilities
Settling Pond
Fencing
Equipment
Pipes
Total
Anrmalized Cost
Land
Amortization
Facilities
Equipment
Operations & Maint.
Operating Per.
Facility Maint,
Equip. Maint.
Taxes
Insurance
Total
Cost/Day (O o M)
Cost/KKG
7UO
$
220
125
5,880
3,610
3,600
13,830
75
900
535
3,285
235
180
20
140
5, 420
11
0.01
1,920
1,970
1,620
5,730
20
5dC
240
1,640
115
80
5
55
2,735
5
0.01
960
1,475
250
2,810
15
360
40
470
75
15
5
30
1,010
2
0.02
000^028
-------
TABLE 10
Central Region Deep Mines
BATEJV Coshs
Large Medium Small
Average Daily Flow (m3) 1,890 " 330 115
Seam Height (inches) 96 60 60
Capital Cost
Flocculation $ 2,850 3 1,300 $ 1,400
Total 2,850 1,800 1,400
Annualized Cost-
Amortization
Equipment 425 270 210
Oper. S Maint.
Equip. Maint. 145 90 70
Operating Per. 1,645 1,645 820
Materials 18,000 3,600 1,110
Total 20,215 5,605 2,210
Cost/Day (O & M) 54 15 5
Cost/KKG - 0.02 0.04 0.05
0000029
-------
TABLE. 11
Central Region Surface Mines
BPCTCA Costs
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Height (inches)
Drainage Area (ha)
Drainage/ha (m3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
907,000
72
2L.5
1272
25
Medium
90,700
60 42
2.6 3.3
1272 1272
10
Small
45,350
42 24
1.8 3.2
1272 1272
2
Annualized Cost
Oper. 5 Maint. (6 mos.)
Settling Pond $32,400
Ditching 490
Regrading 1,610
Total 34,500
Annual Cost
Cost/Day (0 & M)
Cost/KKG
69,000
192
0.08
$ 7,200 $ 9,600 $ 4,800 $ 6,96
370 370 245 24
290 345 230 34
7,860 10,315 5,275 7,55
15,720 20,650 10,550 15,10
43 57 29 4
0.17 0.23 0.23 0.3
0000030
-------
TABLE 12
Central Region Surface Mines
BATEA Cost.s
Average Daily Flow (r\J )
Seam Height (inches)
Large
716
72
Medium
83 125
60 42
Small
61 106
42 24
Capital Cost
Flocculation $1,8CO
Total 1,800
Annualized Cost
Amortization
Equipment 270
Oper. 5 Maint.
Equip. Maint. 90
Operating Per. 1,645
Materials 6,925
Total 8,930
Cost/Day (O & M) 23
Cost/KKG 0.01
51,400 31,400
1,400 1,400
210
210
$1,400 $1,400
1,400 1,400
210
210
70
820
350
1,950
5
0.02
70
320
1,210
2,310
6
0.03
70
820
590
1,690
4
0.04
70
820
1.025
2,125
5
0.05
0000031
-------
D. Intermountain (Arizona, Colorado, .Neyj, Mexico, Utah)
Mines in this region can generally be categorized as being
alkaline. Treatment cost for mine drainage is tneretore based on
treating alkaline mine drainage.
Coal seams in this region unlike the coal seams in the Appalachian
and Central parts of the United 53tat.es lie in relatively small basins,
are generally not persistent, arid are difficult to categorize
geologically. Deep mines generally work seams in a range of 4 to 12
feet and a seam thickness of 9 feet was arbitrarily chosen tor the
deep mines. The seam height for the large surface mine in this region
was arbitrarily chosen at 21 feet, medium mine 10 feet, and to reflect
for this region the relatively thinner seams of New Mexico and Utah, a
seam thickness of U foot was chosen for the small surface mine
segmentation.
BPT and BAT treatment processes, operations and estimated cost
variations are the same as in the Southern Appalachian region. The 1C
year/24 hour precipitation event (2.5 inches) amounts to about 635
cum/ha the annual rainfall (16 inches) about 3,965 cubic meters
I. Deep Mines
Deep nines in this region are concentrated in Utah and
Colorado with one mine in New Mexico on the Colorado border.
Present deep mines in this region are operated in thick seams or
"splits11 of thick seams.
a. Large Mines
(total in segment 16, visited 8)
Mine life 25 years; 750,000 tons per year; 70 percent recovery; 9
foot seam; 11,000 tons oer acre recoverable; 68 acres mined per
year; 88'J acres mined in 13 years; 200 to 2,500 foot of cover
(below drainage) ; 200 gallons per acre alkaline mine drainage, 76G
cum/ day,
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment 9, visited 1)
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 14, visited 1)
IT. Surface Mines
0000032
-------
Surface mines in this region include some of the largest
mines in the United States in terms of tons per year. These mines
strip thick, seams of 6 foot to over 30 foot using area methods.
The mines are generally located in semi-arrid areas with rainfall
of less than 16 inches per year. Wh»re allowed by state laws the
mines impound all surface runoff entering their property,
a. Large Mine
{total in segment 6, visited 6)
Mine life 30 years
20 foot thick seam
3 million tons per year; 90 percent recovery;
31,400 tons per acre recoverable; 96 acres per
year; 48 acres in active mine area (19.4 ha acres); 630 cum/ha
alkaline mine drainage, settling basin designed tor 12222 cum.
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment 3, visited 1}
Mine life 15 years; 150,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 10
foot thick seam; 15,700 tons per acre recoverable; 9.6 acres per
year; 4.8 acres in active mine are (1.9 ha/acre); 630 cum/ha
alkaline mine drainage, settling basin designed for 1197 cum,
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 3r visited C)
Mine life 5 years; 50,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 4
foot thick seam; 6,300 tons per acre; 8 acres disturbed in 1 year;
4 acres in active mine area (1.6 ha/acres); 630 cum/ha alkaline
mine drainage, settling basin designed for 1003 cum.
BPT and BAT cost tor the deep and surface mines in the Inter-
mountain region are shown in tables 13, 14, 15 and 15.
0000033
-------
TABLE 13 -
Interrnountain Region Deep Minec
BPCTCA Costs
Large
Annual Tonnage (KKG) 6fiC,250
Seam Height (inches) 1C 8
Daily Flow (m3) 760
Mine Life (years) 25
Capital Cost--
Land 3 320
Facilities
Settling Pond 2,760
Fencing 2,330
Equipment
^Pipes 2,700
Total 8,160
Annualized Cost
Land 3C
Amortization
Facilities 490
Equipment 400
Operations 5 Maint.
Operating Personnel 1,640
Facility Maint. 155
Equip. Maint. 135
Taxes 1C
Insurance 80
Total 2,940
Cost/Day (O&iM) 6
Cost/KKG 0,01
0000034
-------
TABLE 14
Tnt.errn.ountain Pegion Deep Mines
3AIF.A Costs
Large
Average Daily Flow (m3) 760
Searn Height (inches) 133
Capital Cost
Flocculation S 1,300
Total 1,800
Annualized Cost
Amortization
Equipment 270
Oper. 5 Maint.
Equip. Maint. 90
Operating Per. 3,285
Materials
Total 10,995
Cost/Day (O & M) 29
Cost/KKG 0.02
OOOC035
-------
$, 15, .
Interrnountain Region Surface Mines
3PCTCA Co~ts
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam height (inches
Drainage Area (ha)
Drainaqe/ha (m3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
2,721,000
£ 4 J
19 . :4
633
30
Medium
136,050
120
1.9
63C
15
Small
45,350
48
1.6
630
5
Annual!zed Cost
Op^r. 8 Maint. (6 rno.)
Settling Pond $18,000
Ditching 490
Regrading 805
Total 19,295
Annual Cost
Cost/Day (OSM)
Cost/KKG
38,590
107
0.01
$3,000
'370
175
3,545
7,090
20
0.05
$2,760
245
150
3,155
6,310
18
0.14
0000036
-------
TABLE 16
Intemountain Region Surface Mines
BAT3A Costs
Average Daily Flow (ni3)
Seam height (inches)
Capital Cost
Flocculation
Total
Annualixed Cost
Amortization
Equipment
Oper. S Maint.
Equip. Maint.
Operating Per.
Materials
Total
Cost/Day (O £ M)
Cost/KKG
rqe
216
240
400
Medium
22
120
SI, 400
1,400
Small
18
48
$1,400
1,400
210
21!
210
70
1,645
2,090
4,015
10
.01
70
320
215
1,315
3
0.01
70
820
175
1,275
3
0.03
0000037
-------
F. Great Plains {Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming)
<!:- i >\; »,
Mines in this region can generally be categorized as being
alkaline. Treatment costs for mine drainage is tnerefore based on
treating alkaline mine drainage. BPT and BAT treatment processes,
operations, and estimated coat variations are the same as in the
Southern Appalachian region. The 10 yr/24 hr precipitation event (3
inches) amounts to about 760 cum/ha ; the annual rainfall {16 inches)
about 3,965 cum/ha
This region contains much of the Low sulfur coal reserves in the
United States consisting primarily of sub-bituminous and lignite
coals. The coals lend themselves primarily to stripping due the thick
seams with little overburden. There are at present few working mines.
Those mines working are predominately surface mines stripping the
thicker seams. A seam thickness of 40 foot was chosen for the large
surface mine model. A seam thickness of 10 foot was chosen for
medium size surface mine model. A seam thickness of 8 foot was
for the small size surface mine model.
the
chosen
I. Deep Mines
located in
(all presently operating
Wyoming)
deep mines in this region are
a, Large Mine
(total in segment 1, visited 1)
Mine life 30 years; 750,000 tons per year; 60 percent
foot thick seam; 6,300 tons per year recoverable;
year; 1,785 acres mined in 15 years; 300 foot
drainage); 300 gallons per acre alkaline mine
cum/day alkaline mine drainage.
recovery; 6
119 acres per
of cover (below
drainage; 2040
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment 1, visited 0)
Mine life 15 years; 150,000 tons per year; 60 percent recovery; 6
foot thick seam; 6,300 tons per acre recoverable; 24 acres per
acres mine3 in 8 years; 200 foot of cover (below
600 gallons per acre; 435 cum/day
year; 192
drainage) ;
drainage.
alkaline mine
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 3, visited 0)
Mine life 15 years; 50, COO tons per year; 60 percent recovery; 6
foot thick seam; 6,300 tons per acre recoverable; 8 acres per acre
mined; 72 acres mined in Q years; 200 foot of cover (below
0000038
-------
drainage)
drainage.
SCO gallons per acre; 190 cum/day alkaline mine
II. Surface Mines
a. Large Mine
(total in segment IB, visited 15)
Mine life 40 years; 5 million tons per year; 90 percent recovery;
40 foot thick seam; 62,700 tons per acre recoverable; 8C acres per
year; 40 acres in active mine area (16.2 ha/acre); 755 cubic
meters per ha/acre; settling basin designed for 12231 cum,
b. Medium Mine
(total in segment '4, visited 0)
Mine life 15 years; 150,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 10
foot thick seam; 11,800 tons per acre recoverable; 12.7 acres per
year mined; 6.35 acres in active mine area (2.6 ha/acre); 755
cubic meters per ha/acres alkaline mine drainage, settling basin
designed for 1963 cum.
c. Small Mine
(total in segment 12, visited C)
vine life 15 years; 50,000 tons per year; 90 percent recovery; 9
foot thick seam; 12,500 tons per acre recoverable; 4 acres per
year mined; 2 acres in active mine area (0.3 ha/acres); 755 cubic
meters per ha/acre in active mine area alkaline mine drainage,
settling basin designed for 608 cum.
BPT and BA.T costs for the deep and surface mines in the Great
Plain region are presented in tables 17, 18, 19 and 20.
0000039
-------
TABLE 17
Great Plains Kegion Deep Mines
BPCTCA Costs
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam height (inches)
Daily Flow
-------
TABLE 18
Great Plains Region Mines
:i ATE A Costs
Average Daily Flow (m3;
Seam Height (inches)
Capital Cost
Flocculation
Total
Annualized cost
Amortization
Equipment
Oper. f/ Maint.
Equip. Maint,
Operating Per.
Materials
Total
Cost/Day (OSM)
Co3t/KKG
Large
2,040
72
2,850
2,850
Medium
435
72
$ 1,800
1,800
Small
190
72
$ 1,400
1,400
425
210
145
1,645
19,730
21,945
60
0.03
90
1,645
4,2.00
6,205
16
0.05
70
1,645
1,840
3,765
10
0.08
0000041
-------
TABLE ,19
. . ' . (. '
Great Plains Region surface Mine;
BV-CTCA. Costy
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Height (inches
Drainage Area (ha)
Drainage/ha (rn3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
4,535,000
480
16.2
755
Medium
136,0 50
120
2.6
755
15
Small
45,350
96
0.8
755
15
Annualized Cost
Oper. & Maint. (6 mo.)
Settling Pond
Ditching
Regrading
Total
Annual Cost
Cost/Day (O&M)
Cosir/KKG
1
1
3
8,000
490
805
9,295
«,590
107
0.01
54,320
370
230
4,920
9,840
27
0.07
$2,040
245
115
2,400
4,800
13
0.10
0000042
-------
TABLE 20
Great Plains Kogion Surface Mines
3ATEA Costs
Average Daily Flow (m3)
Seam Height (inches)
Larqe
130
U R 0
Medium
120
Sma L1
96
Capital Cost
Flocculation 51,400
Total 1^400
Annualized Cost
Amortization
Equipment 210
Oper. S Maint.
Equip. tMaint. 70
Operating Per. 1,645
Materials 1,7'tO
Total . 3,665
Coat/Day {O S M) 9
Cost/KKG .Cl
$1,400
1,400
210
7C
B2C
280
1,380
3
0,01
1,'tOO
210
70
820
90
1,190
3
0,0 3
0000043
-------
"est (Alaska and Washington)
There are presently tive mines in this reqion. In Alaska there is
one medium size surface mine. In Washington there are two small deep
mines, and one small surface mine and one large surface mine.
BPT arid BAT treatment processes, operations and estimated costs
variations are the same au in the .Southern Appalachia region. The 10
yr/24 hr precipitation event (5 inches) amount to about 1,270 cubic
meters per ha/acre; the annual rainfall (50 inches) about 12,400 cubic
meters per ha/ acre.
Physical conditions in the seams in the state of Washington
minimize underground mining, and the size of underground mining
operations. The present surface mine operating in the state of Alaska
is stripping a seam 150 foot thick with a production of 170,000 tons
in 1973.
BPT anf BAT cost tor the western region surface mines are shown in
tables 21 and 22,
0000044
-------
TABLE 21
Vest Region Surface Mines
JPC7CA Co^tS
Annual Tonnage (KKG)
Seam Height (inches)
Drainage ARea (ha)
Drainage/ha (m3)
Mine Life (years)
Large
2, 9 02,'ID 0
6 o:
8.3
1,275
Med ium
63,490
1,800
0.6
1,27S
10
Annualized Cost
Oper. & Mairit. (6 mo.)
Settling Pond
Ditching
Regrading
Total
Annual Cost
Cost/Day (OSM)
Cost?KKG
$21, GOO
490
920
44,820
125
$2,400
370
140
2,910
5,820
16
0.09
0000045
-------
TABLE 22
l--Te3t Rejion Surface Min^
dfvTEA Costs
Average Daily Flow (
Seam Height (inches)
Large
29]
6 0 0
Medium
21
1800
Capital Cost
"locculation
Total
Annual!zed Cost
Amortization
Equipment
Oper. & Maint.
Equip. Maint.
Operating Per.
Materials
Total
Cost/Day (O&M)
COSt/KKG
$1,80C
1,800
270
$1,400
1,400
210
2,
4,
90
82C
835
CIS
10
.01
70
820
205
1,305
3
0.02
0000046
-------
AN T H RAG IT BM T N
In the interiin final regulation anthracite mining is included with
bituminous coal and liqnit^ mining as it was determined that rank of
coal did not affect the chemical characteristics of rav," mine drainage.
Anthracite coal is Pound to so ire extent in four states;
Pennsylvania, Colorado, New -laxico and ',-Jashington. Approximately 90
percent of mineable anthracite with present day mining technology is
found in Pennsylvania, All current, anthracite mining operations are
found in Pennsylvania. Comments on anthracite mining are limited to
mines in Pennsylvania.
Mining methods tor anthracite include deep mining, strip mining,
and culm bank. For tne purpose of developing effluent limitations
guidelines, culm bank mining is included with strip mining.
Mining methods for anthracite are influenced to a great extent by
past mining in the area. Most mines are doing a second and tnird pass
at mining in the area. Culm bank recovery accounts for approximately
36 percent of the anthracite tonnage shippei in 1973.
Mines and seams of anthracite are most often interconnected and
are generally inundated. U'ater drainage tunnels established in the
1800 fs convey large quantities of mine drainage from abandoned mines.
Currently operating mines often must handle large quantities of
drainage. This drainage from active mines is: treated to meet
Pennsylvania effluent standaris of less than seven milligrams per
liter of iron, alkalinity greater than acidity, pH o to 9; or is
effectively riot discharged to a receiving stream with drainage going
to abandoned mines; or the mine is located in one of ten water sheds
covered in pollution abatement, escrow fund, Pennsylvania act 443, 1968
in which case; the mine can discharge to a receiving stream untreated
mine drainage arid pay 15 cents per sellable ton mine.
For the purpose of developing effluent limitation guidelines only
mines discharging to a receiving stream are considered. These mines
would be located in the northern and eastern middle anthracite fields.
Mines not discharging to a receiving stream are not covered. Mines
discharging to one of the ten water sheds are not covered as the
drainage to the water shed is treated in a state owned treatment
facility.
Unlike bituminous and lignite mines where mine drainage is
fundamentally related to precipi tation with side concerns from
0000047
-------
adjacent or abandoned mines,, anthracite mine drainage is primarily
from abandoned areas, seams, or1 'rn'ihes. There is no relationship
between mine drainage volumes arid tons mined, area mined, roof
exposed, depth of cover, or periniability.
In 1973 there were 32 mining operations listed by the state of
Pennsylvania as deep anthracite mine operations. Of these 82
operations, 12 had no mine production for the year, 21 had a
production of less than 500 tons per year, and 2 deep anthracite mines
had a production - of over 50,000 tons in 1973,
In 1973 there were 115 mining operations listed by Pennsylvania as
surface mine operations. Of these 9 operations were backfilling with
no production, 44 operations were operating in culm banks, 27
operations had a production of less than 500 tons in 1973, and 34
surface mining operations had a production of over 50,000 tons per
year.
T. Deep Mines
a. Large (visited 1)
One large deep mine is located in the northern and eastern
middle fields. This mine had no discharge with drainage returned
to abandoned mines. The mine visited has a production of
approximately 90,000 tons per year and contributes 15 cents per
ton to the state of Pennsylvania, To continue in production the
mine pumps 1,500 gallons per minute 24 hours per day or
approximately 2.2 million gallons per day of mine drainage.
A primary consideration in opening a new larqe dee;p anthracite
mine is cost of pumping. This consideration is quite aside from the
cost of treating acid mine drainage. Facilities to meet current
Pennsylvania effluent requirements would be adequate to meet new
source performance standards.
b. Small (visited 0)
Five small deep mines are located in the northern and
eastern middle anthracite field of which two had no production in.
1973. A. telephone survey indicated the remaining three mines had an
effective "no discharge".
As with large deep mine facilities, a small deep mine to meet
current Pennsylvania effluent requirements would be adequate to meet-
new source performance standards.
0000048
-------
II. Surface Mines
a. Largo (visited 2)
Included in this c itegory are If; culm bank mines. Twelve
larqe surface mines are located in the northern and eastern middle
anthracite fields, A mine visited in the northern field consists
of three pits with an annual production of 1 1/2 million tons per
year. This mine nan no lischarge witrn all mine irainage going to
abandoned areas and abandoned mines.
As with deep mines, facilities for large surface mines to
meet current Pennsylvania effluent requirements would be adequate
to meet new source performance standards.
b. Small (visiteel 0)
Included in this category are1 3C culm bank mines. Twenty
five small surface mines are located in the northern and eastern
middle anthracite fields of which IB had no production in 1973.
As with large surface mines, facilities for small surface mines to
meet current Pennsylvania effluent requirements would be adequate
to meet new source performance standards.
III. Coal Preparation Plants
The segmentation for coal preparation plants makes the distinction
between anthracite preparation plants, or breakers, and bituminuous
preparation plants* The development document refers to three general
stages or extent of coal cleaning and for the purpose of developing
effluent limitation guidelines preparation plants were studied under
these 3 stages of coal preparation or cleaning, For the purpose of
developing effluent limitation guidelines anthracite preparation
plants or breakers are included under fitage 2 preparation plants as
anthracite preparation plants generally use hydraulic separation or
dense media separation with or without fine coal cleaning but
universally without, froth flotation.
Coal preparation plants using Stage 1 preparation are esentially
dry and for the purpose of developing effluent limitation, guidelines
can be considered as having no discharge from the preparation plant.
Industry and industries statistics consider Stage 1 preparation as
basically shipping "raw coal".
0000049
-------
Approximately SO percent of .the bituminuous coal mine is cleaned
in Stage 2 or Stage 3 preparation .plants. These preparation plants
are located primarily in states v;hich have existing effluent
limitations on preparation plant discharges. Of the over 130
preparation facilities visited or included in th.i Skelly and Loy study
through industry supplied lata, over 100 preparation plants had or
reported closed water circuits. The preparation plants visited which
did not have closed water circuits had some form of treatment for
solids removal prior to discharge.
Stage 3 preparation plants with froth flotation are at present
limited to plants cleaning metallurgical coal. The very nature of the
coal cleaning process eliminates coal finis in the discharge. Refuse
fines are removed separately in thickeners with filtration of the
underflow and the filtrate and overflow from the refuse thickner
closing the water circuit. Stage 3 preparation plants require makeup
.water to balance water lost on coal, refuse, and loss in thermal
drying. All Stage 3 preparation plants visited or included in the
study through industry supplied data used closed water circuits and
affected no discharge from the preparation plant itself.
Stage 2 preparation plants include preparation plants employing
wet cleaning of coal but without froth flotation.
Preparation plant models are developed to illustrate capital cost
for closing the water circuit in a 100, 500, and 1,000 ton per hour
Stage 2 preparation plants by incorporating either settling ponds or
thickners and disc filters. In each example for which settling ponds
are constructed cost, are presented for discharges containing 5, 10 and
15 percent solids. These capital costs are derived from information
contained in the Development Oocument, section 3 - Cost, Energy and
Non Water Quality Aspects. The operation and maintenance annual cost
for the model preparation plants consist of the following items:
operating personnel, repair and maintenance, energy, taxes and
insurance. Personnel costs are based on an hourly rate of $9.00 per
hour. The annual equipment maintenance cost and the annual facility
repair and maintenance are estimated to 5 and 3 percent of capital
cost. Energy cost is based on the cost of electricity which is
extimated at 2 1/2 cents per killowat hour; this results in a cost of
$200 per horsepower per year. Taxes are estimated at 2.5 percent of
land cost. Insurance cost is included at 1 percent of total capital
cost.
The capital cost: presented represent replacement of existing
facilities.
0000050
-------
Figure 10 is a summary of coal preparation plants as taken from
the 1974 Keystone Manual (represents 1973 data).
ModP.i A - stag-? 2 plant, l~>~" Ti-H raw feed and 100 ~P>1 effluent with
por.d closure.
1- S';;, solids in effluent (JO tons/day)
2 Capacity Prit^ary Pond
Stor-tgp (30 tons/day x 45 ou. ft./ton) 27 ft/cu yd = 50 cu
yd/day
Surface Area (50 cu yd/day x 5 d-iys x 4 wk x 6 no.) '4 yd (depth) = 625 sq.
Storage 6 mo + 3 ft settling zone and .3 ft safety -
2500 cu yd + 1250 cu yd = 3750 cu yd.
b* Pumping Costs - for 100 ft head and 2000 linear ft.
Pumps - 1 primary and 1 bac'oup - 2x5 1/2 hp pumps S312QQ ea = $2400
Valves - 5x4 in gates b) 5300 ea=S1500
2x4 in checks .£350 ea= S 700 - total valves - $22000
Piping - 200 ft of 4 in steel 2> ^5.0C/ft Z 37,00/ft inst.= 524000
Pump Inst. - Lump Sum _£_ 1000
Total 529,600
Call $30,000
c. Pri-nary and Auxillilary Pond Const. Cost - with V-ditch for runoff
Primary Pond - 3750 cu yd S $l.CC/cu yd = $3750
Auxilliary Pond = 1250 cy yd n) $1.0G/cu yd = 1250
Diversion Around PondG (3 sides each) - 355 lin. ft
of 2 ft deep V-ditch at $2.50/li.n. ft. 900
Total = $5900
Grand Total = £30,000 + $5,900 = 335,900
Model A
2. 10% solids in ef clu^nt (60 ron/day)
a. Capacity Primary Pond
Storage - (60 x 45) 27 = 100 cu yd/day
Surface Area - (100 x5x4x6)4 = 1250 sq yd
Storage & mo. + f> ft zone = 5COG + 2500 = 7500 cu yd
0000051
-------
b. Pumping Costs = same a., for 1 , = 530,000
c* Pr irn j_ry .and -\uxilliary.._Porij__Cpnst. Cost - with V-ditch
Primary Por.d = 75CO cu yd 5 31.00/cy yd
Auxilliary Ponds = 2500 cu yd o> Sl.OO/cu yd
Diversion V-flitch = 50C lin. ft 'bl.OC/cy yd
Auxilliary Pond = 3,750 cu yd 3 $1.00/cu yd
Diversion V-ditch = 615 lin ft. 5 *2.53/lin ft
Total
Grand Total = 530,000 + 516,550
Model A
Annual
Operating 6 Maintenance
Operating Personnel {2 hr/day)
Facility Maintenance
Equipment Maintenance
Snerqy
Taxes
Insurance
5% solids
$11,250
3,750
1,550
$16,550
346,550
15% solids
$3780
177
1500
1100
25
359
$6941
33780
338
1500
1100
25
413
.57156
53780
497
1500
1100
25
466
$7368
0000052
-------
Model i; - Staqe 2 plant., SCO T'P'i raw feed and 1500 ftPM effluent with
pond closure.
1 5 -i . 30 lids in ^effluent (450 ton /day)
2 Cap.jci ty Primary Pond
Storage - (450 x 45) 27 = 750 cy yd/day
Surf -ice Area - (750 x 5 x 4 x 6) 4 = 22,500 sq yd
S-tora-j--? 6 :no. + i> ft zone - 90,000 + 45,000 = 135,000 cu yd
b- Puain .Costs - for IOC tt-. head rind 2COO linear ft.
Pumps - 1 primary and 1 back-up = 2x88 hu pumps 17)37000 ea =
Valves - 5x6 in gates a).S5GO ei'= $2500
2x6 in checks 3,5550 ea -SHOO Total Valves = 3,600
Piping - 200 ft of 6 inch steel 5312. GO+inst./ft 5) $10.00 = 544,000
Pump Inst - Lump Sum = 1,000
Total = $62,600
Call = $63,OOC
c . Primary and Auxi 11 ia^rv Pond Const. Cost - with V-ditch
Primary Pond = 135,000 cy yd T) il.OO/cu yd = '5135,000
Auxilliary Pond = 45,000 cu y I 3 ^1.00/cu yd 45,000
Diversion' V-ditch = 2130 lin. ft. 5) $2.50/lin ft 5,300
Total $185,300
Grand Total = 363,000 + :5l85,300 S 243, 300
Model B
2. 10% solids in effluent (900 ton/day)
a Capacity Primary Pond
Storage - (900 x 45) 27 = 1500 cu yd/day
Surfac'^ Area - (1500 x 5 x 4 :< 6) 4 = 45000 sq yd
Storage 6 mo. + 6 ft zone - 130,000 + 90,000 = 270,000 cy yd
= $63,000
b. Pumping Costs - Same as for 1
c , Primary and Auxilliary Pond Coast. - v/jth V-ditch
0000053
-------
Primary Pond
Primary Pond = 270,000 cu yd :3 .Bl.CO/cu yd. = 270,COO
Auxilliary Pond = 90,000 cu yd d) 31.00/cu yd = 90,000
Diversion V-dit-ch - 3000 lin. It. 3 $2.50/lin ft 7,500
Total 367,500
Grand Total = S63,OCO + 5367,500 =$430,500
Model D
3. 15% solids in effluent (1350 ton/day)
2. Capacity Primary Pond
Storage - (1350 x 45) - =32,250 cu
Surface Area - (2,25C x5x4x6(-4 =67,500 sq yd
Storage 6 mo. + 6 ft. zone - 270,000 + 135,000 = 405,000 cu
b. Pumping Costs = Same as tor 1 and 2 = 563,000
c. Primary S_Aaxilliary Pond Const, with V-ditch
Primary Pond = 405,000 cu yd 3) .U.OO/cy yd. = $405,000
Auxilliary Pond = 135,000 cu yd tD 31.00/cu yd = 5135,000
Diversion V-ditch = 3700 lin. ft D $2.50/lin. ft = 9,250
5549,250
Grand Total = 563,000 + $549,250 = 5612,250
Model B
Annual
Operating S Maintenance 5T' solids 10S solids 15% solids
Operating Personnel (4 hr/.^ay) 7560 7560 7560
Facility Maintenance 5559 11C25 16478
Equipment Maintenance 3150 3150 3150
Energy 17600 17500 17600
Taxes" - 125 250 375
Insurance 2483 4305 6123
$36477 S43390 351286
rjodel_C - Stage 2 plant, 1000 TPH raw feed and 3000 GPM effluent with
pond closure.
2. 5%_solids in effluent (900 ton/day)
0000054
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a . Capaci ty _Pr; ima ry^Pofid
Storage - same as rtodel S 2 = 1500 cu yd/day
Surface Area - sarr-? as Mod el B 2 = ^5000 sq yd
Storage 6 ino + 6 ft zone - siaie as r-'odel B = 270100 cu yd
h. Pumding Costs - tor 10.} it head and 2CCC linear ft,
Puinpo - 1 primary and 1 back-up = 2xlOC hp pumps 5)$11,700 ea = 23,
Valves - 5 x 12 in gates wS900 ea " - 4,1
2 x 12 in checks 3.31,000 ea = 42000 total valves = 6, '
Pipinq - 2000 ft. of 12 inch steel 3.525.00 tor pipe and installment = 50,0'
Pump Tnst - Lump Sum = 1,Q\
Total =$80,9'
Call $81,0<
c* Primary and Auxilliarv Pon-1 Const. Cost - with V-ditch
Primary Pond - 27CfOOO cy yd d) $1.0G/cu yd = $270,000
Auxilliary Pond - 90,OCO cu yd o) $1.00/cu yd S 90,COO
Diversion V-ditch - 3,01C lin. ft. ft £2,50/lin ft $ 7,500
Total $367,500
Grand Total = £81,000 + 5367,500
Model C
2 10^ solids in effluent (1800 ^on/day)
a Capacity Primary Pond
Storage - (1810 x 45) 27 = 3,000 cu yd/day
Surface Area - (3,COO x5x4x&)4 = 67,500 sq yd
Storage 6 mo. + 6 ft zone - 27-% 000 + 135, OCC = 405,000 cu yd
b. Pumping Costs - Same as 1 =$ 81,000
c. Primary and Auxilliary Pond const. Cost - with V-ditch
Primary Pond - 405,000 3 31.00/cu yd - $405,000
Auxilliary Pond - 135,000 a .51.00/cu yd $135,000
Diversion V-ditch - 3700 ft a .?2.50 9,250
Total $549,250
Grand Total = 581,000 + $549,250 $630,250
0000055
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3- 15'_solids in efrluent (2700 ton/day)
a Cripa ci. ty _Pr i m-i ry__Po:i 1
Storage - (27CC x 45) 27
Surf'ice Area - (U,500 x 5 y 4 x 6) 4
a,500 cu yd/day
= 135,GOO sq ft
k« Pumping Costs = Same as 1 and 2 = $81,0 CO
c. Prinary and Auxilliary Pond Const. Cost - with V-ditch
Primary Pond - 810,000 cu yd a) $1.00/cu yd
Auxilliary Pond - 270,000 cu yd SSl.OC/cu yd
Diversion V-ditch - 5,200 Lin. ft. S> $2.50/lin ft
Total
S810,COO
5270,000
S 13,000
51,093,000
Grand Total = $81,GOG + $1,093,000 $1,174,000
C
Annual
Operating fi Maintenance
5% solids
10% solids
15% solids
Operating Personnel (4 hr/day) 7560
Facility Maintenance 11025
Equipment Maintenance 405C
Energy 20COO
Taxes 250
Insurance
Model D
£47370
7560
16478
4050
20000
350
6303
7560
32790
4050
20000
700
11740
$54741
$76840
Stage 2 plant, 100 TPH raw feed and 3 TPH solid refuse mixed in water and
closure via thickeners and disc filters.
1. Install 75 ft thickener and disc filter
Thickner Cost - 75 ft. 3$175C/ft
Disc Filter
Modelcf TC
Total
3131,250
3 20,000
3151,250
0000056
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Stage 2 plant, 500 TPH raw feed and 10 TPK solid refuse in water and
closur^ via thickeners and disc filters.
1 Install 125 ft thickener and disc filter
Thickener Cost - 125 ft ^.51730/ft = 5218,750
Disc Filter = $ 70,000
Total = $ 288,750
Model ?
Stage 2 plant, 100 TPK raw fee-3, 30 TPH solid refuse in water and
closure via thickeners and disc filters.
1, Install 160 ft thickener^and disc filter
Thickener Cost - 160 ft 3 51750/fr = 5280,000
Disc Filter = $200,000
3480,000
Annual .-iodel D Model 3 Model F
Ooerating 5 Maintenance
Operating Personnel (3 hr/day) 5670 5670 5670
Equipment Maintenance 4938 10062 18400
Energy 20000 3000C 60000
Insurance 1513 2888 4800
$32121 $48620 588870
Coal storage areas associated with preparation plants are normally
designed to affect good drainage from a coal storage area,
particularly clean coal storage areas. Treatment of drainage from
coal storage areas is generally limited to solids removal with the
drainage often used as make-up water in the preparation plant; or the
drainage is combined with other drainage for treatment particularly if
the drainage is acid or ferruginuous.
For those preparation plants which may elect to treat drainage
from coal storage areas separate from other drainage the capital cost
of treatment would depend primarily upon the size of the coal stock
pile. This coal stock pile is related to the loading facilities at
the preparation plant. For, a loading facility designed for a 10,000
ton unit train, a 15,000 ton ope~n stacker may be required with a
ground area of less than I acre. A. settling basin to treat the
0000057
-------
drain ige trorn this coal stock pile would requires a capital investment
of less than S200C.
Refuse disposal areas are presently required by Public Law 91-173
to be so constructed thri4: the air flow through the pile is restricted
by compaction of the refuse; drainage through and erf the refuse pile
is required; and the surface around th<=> refuse pile must be protected
from erosion by drainage tacilitres. In many mines producing acid or
ferruginuous mine drainage, the drainage from refuse piles is treated
along with the min<^ drainage. Where refuse is not returned to the
strip pits or underground, or the drainage is not Created with the
mine drainage; new or additional treatment facilities may be required.
The size of these treatment facilities would be a function of the
precipition in the area and the size of the refuse pile. Stage 2 and
Stage 3 preparation plants reject varies from 15 to 35 percent of the
raw coal mined. If a 20 percent reject is assumed for a mine
producing 1 million ton per year with a 25 year lite, approximately 6
and 1/2 million tons oi refuse will be produced by the mines
preparation plant during the life of the mine. This refuse would
cover between 20 to 25 acres or surface. This area would require a
settliria basin of approximately U million gallon capacity. The
capital cost for this settling facility is approximately $20,000. If
the mine served by the preparation plant produced acid or ferruginuous
mine drainage an aiditiortal 522,000 may be required for AMD treatment
facilitios .
Drainage from a preparation plants ancilliary area would probably
be treated in the mine drainage treatment facility, or in the coal
storage or refuse storage drainage treatment facility. To cover those
preparation plants which might elect. to treat preparation plant
ancilliary area drainage separate from other drainages a survey was
made of represented coal preparation plants in Pennsylvania, Ohio and
West Virginia. These plants nav° a capacity of from 225 tons per hour
to 800 tons per hour clean coal. These ranges in capacity do not
reflect the total area included in the preparation plant ancilliary
area. As example, a preparation plant with a 250 ton per hour
capacity reported 10 acres affected; and a preparation plant with a
larger capacity (800 tons per hour) reported a total area of less than
4 acres.
Assuming 10 acres included in the coal preparation plant
ancilliary area; approximately S3,500 capital investment would be
reguired for settling facilities. If an AMD treatment facility were
0000058
-------
to tr^at aci-1
and addition 34, SCO capital investment
v/oul:l
0000059
-------
v-i ,1:,,:-;_ .-,-;
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0000086
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~~"1 t f >' \" j ^? ^? ""/ / ^ A ~""t * / *"*> ~'f t i ( ^ °~^ */ "
. _ ^- _' i/ .'j ' '/u/ /i _. . J ' ,» . ^;-t.f v,. "j.'.'V » <5 ... .O' jt'"'
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. rHiftHi im' i>« I
COAL PKL-IPAItATION PLANT CLASSIFICATION
From 1974 Kcyr.tone Manual (1973 Data)
State
ALABAMA
COLORADO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
KANSAS . .-
KENTUCKY '
MISSOURI ' '
MONTANA
NEW MEXICO
OHIO
PA. (Anthracite)
PA. (Bituminous)
TENNESSEE
UTAH
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WYOMING
' TOTAL
Stage 2
20
2
29
10
2
55
2
1
0
19
23
48
4
...
'4
30
1
>
92
2
344
78.4%
Stage 3
. . 3
1
4
0
"6
11 , . .
0
o
1
0
2
14
0
*
1
10
o
*
.48
0
95
21.6%
1 0000070
-------
REFERENCES
1 . "Building Construction Cost Data - 1974", Robert Snow Means Company,
Construction Consultants, Publisher.
2. Process Plant Ccn.st ruction estimating and Engineer! mi Standards, Vol. 4;
prepared by Jnternat:onal Construction Analysts. Downey, California.
3. Cost-Data Development and Economic Analysis, Supplement B-2 to "Develop-
ment Document for Affluent Limitations Guidelines for the Metal
Ore Mining and Dressing Industry", IS April 1975.
4. Environmental Elements Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland.
5. Tclcom with the DE LAVAL Separator Co., Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 22 January 1976.
6. Catalog of Denver Equipment Company, Denver, Colorado.
7. CSMRI Project J51120, Colorado School of Mines Research Institute,
15 October, 1974.
8. ''Capital a)id Operating Costs of Pollution Control Equipment Modules -
Vol. II - Data Manual", EPA-R5-73-0256, Socioeconornlc Environmental
Studies Scr.'es, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, July 1972.
9. "Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines
for the Coal Mining Industry", EPA 440/1-75-057, October 1975.
10. "An Appraisal of Neutralization Processes to Treat Coal Mine Drainage",
EPA-670/2-73-095, November 1973.
0000071
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