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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE)
Nitrogen Oxide Control (N130)
HQ QKD
REQ
MEDIA: Energy
AppRQ:
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES
Assure the development and demonstration of a full range of cost
effective, energy efficient nitrogen oxide control technology for.stationary
sources which could permit the combustion of coal in non-attainment areas as
well as provide a basis for New Source Performance Standards for stationary
sources.
o Develop and demonstrate a reliable, energy efficient
low NOX emitting coal burner.
o Develop combustion modification technology for a full
range of fossil fuel combustion sources.
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
o Assessed the technology limits of the state-of-the-art for control
of NOX emissions from utility boilers in support of the revisions
to the Utility Boiler Standard of Performance.
o Completed the evaluation of the low NOX coal burner at 50 million
BTU per hour and measured an emission rate of 0.20 pounds of NOX
per million BTU (current standard is 0.7 pounds of NOX per million
BTU).
o Initiated a survey of the effectiveness of combustion modification
technology for controlling NOX emissions from stoker-fired boilers.
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
o Document the state-of-the-art of NO^ control for industrial boilers
to support the development of a Standard of Performance for Indus-
trial Boilers.
o Continue the development of the advanced low NOX coal burner at
120 million BTU per hour and evaluate the NOx emission rate from
several selected coal types.
o Apply dry NOX control technology to stationary high-efficiency gas
turbines. This control process will improve the efficiency of the
gas turbine by 1 to 2 percent and simultaneously reduce NOx emission!
by about 50 percent.
o Develop design criteria for combustion modification technology ap-
plied to'combined cycle systems.
o Document the status of NOX control for utility boilers to support
the 1982 review of the Utility Boiler Standard of Performance for
•---..: "ji:.j
EPA Fern 2410-10 (6-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE)
Nitrogen Oxide Control (N130)
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
R&D
Considered Alternatives
Depend on air pollution control vendors and/or, private sector R&D activities
to promote more eff-ective nitrogen oxide control technology development.
Previous experience indicates the lack of incentive on the part of the users
to promote new technology. As such, the vendors do not. seek to improve the
efficacy of their devices in order to promote the sale of their costly
control devices. (Not Recommended) "" •" ""
Continue developing in-house expertise to operate a RD&D program for ag;
vancing the state of the art of nitrogen oxide control technology. Conduct
the RD&D program via grants, contracts, and interagericy agreements. (Recom-
mended at all levels). '
EPA Form 2410-10 (8-78)
-------
PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION U* IT LEVEL ANALYSIS
"DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MEDIM ENERGY
30'NITROGEN OXIDE CONTROL APPRDJ RID
° 1
LE
0 1
•-""•
VEL '
OF 05
BUDGE
POSITION
T AUTH.
A
S
(
PFT
OPFT
FTE
000,0)
""""Ic
25.
5.
19,155.
T FY
0
0
0
79 C. E
23.
5,
31.
1",850.
•
0
0
1
0
FY PO INCR
17.0
4.0
25.7
11,137.0
FY 80
11,1
CUM
17.0
4.1
25.7
37. C
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
j Develop design criteria for optimum low NOX coal burner for pulverized coal
fired utility and industrial boilers and for residual oil and synthetic
liquid fuel fired industrial package boilers (design NOx emission rates 0.1-
0.2 pounds per million Btu).
D Evaluation of the low NOX coal burner on a new industrial boiler and as a
retrofit on two wall fired utility boilers of different designs.
3 Conduct assessment and application testing of combustion modification tech-
nology for industrial process furnaces, and for stoker coal-fired commercial
and industrial boilers.
3 Develop design criteria for catalytic combustion technology for "near-zero"
air emission levels (i.e. NOX,CO, hydrocarbons less than 10 ppm).
5 Evaluate low NCi^ emission combustion chamber .design for stationary recipro-
ca t ing eng ines.
Document the status of NOX control for utility boilers to support the 1982
review of the Utility Boiler Standard of Performance for NOx as required by
CAA Amendment of 1977.
Develop lab scale concept for NOx -control of tangentially fired coal boilers.
Continue bench scale research on the technical and economic factors relating"
to flue gas treatment for NOX and simultaneous N0x/S0x control.
Continue fundamental combustion research to provide basic understanding of
how the combustion process affects NOx and other pollutant emissions.
Benefits of funding this Level:
Technology which is capable of reducing the NOX emission limits for utility
boilers by 50 to 70% from current levels would be demonstrated.
A data base which can be used to establish a more stringent NOx NSPS would be
developed consistent with the CAA Amendment that required NSPS review cycle.
Combustion modification NOX control technology would be extended to include
industrial boilers, process furnaces and stationary engines.
Efforts to develop a "near zero" emissions combustion system would continue
at the minimal level.
Consequences of not funding this level:
The technological data base to establish more stringent NO emission regula-
tions for industrial and utility boilers would not be developed.
NOx control technology for non-boiler sources (e.g. stationary engines, proc-
ess furnaces) would not be developed.
The efforts to expand the use of coal under the National Energy Plan without
degrading the environment would be hampered.
EPA Form 241C-11 (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DtCISIUN UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ M£UIA| ENERGY
N130 NITROGEN OXIDE CONTROL APPROi R & D
B, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 C. E. FY 60 INCR FY 80 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 25.0 23.0 4,0 21.0
LEVEL OPFT 5.0 5.0 1.0 5.0
02 OF 05 FTE 31.1 3. « 29.1
8UOGET AUTH. (000.0) 19,155.0 1U, 950.0 ?, 228,0 13,365.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. 'DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
o Evaluate the effectiveness of combustion modification technology for new
candidate fuels (e.g. shale oil, solvent refined coal, low BTU gas).
o Evaluate dry NOX control technology for stationary high-efficiency gas
turbines to support the 1982 review of NOx NSPS.
o Evaluate combustion modification concepts to simultaneously reduce NOX and
particulates from stationary and mobile diesel engines.
Benefits of Funding this Level;
o The Administration is preparing Phase II of the National'Energy Plan which
focuses upon the production of synthetic boiler fuels. The NOX control pro-
gram will evaluate the effectiveness of combustion modification technology
for ney candidate synthetic fuels.
o A data base would be established which would allow for more stringent NOX
regulations and simultaneously increase conversion efficiency for stationary
gas turbines.
o Provide requested support to the Office of Mobile Source Control.
Consequences of not Funding this Level
o The NOX control technology data base would not be available to set more
stringent NOX emission limits for gas turbines.
o Emissions of potentially carcinogenic substances from diesel engines
would continue to be uncontrolled.
o Combustion modification techniques which will control NOjj emissions from higt
fuel nitrogen synthetic fuels (e.g. oil shale, liquified coal, solvent re-
fined coal) would not be developed and potentially, these fuels may not be
burnt in compliance with existing regulations.
U1H
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2! DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
CISION UNIT TITLE. AND CODE HQ *EU1A| ENERGY
NITROGEN OXIDE CONTROL APPROj R fc D
B, RESOURCE SUM*ARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 C. E, FY 60 INCR FY 80 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 25.0 23.0 2,0 23,0
LEVEL OPFT 5.0 5,0 5.0
03 OF 05 FTE 3i.i 1,0 30,1
BUDGET AUTH. (000,0) 19,155.0 U,850.0 450,0 13,815.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
o Develop design criteria for combustion modification of'combined cycle sys-
tems.
Benefits of Funding this Level;
o NOX control technology would be developed for advanced electrical gener-
ating concepts.
Consequences of not Funding this Level:
o The data base for establishing NOx emission regulations for advanced and
conventional steam generating technologies would not be developed.
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) HQ QRD MEDIA: Energy
Energy - Flue Gas Particulate Control(N-135) • REG. APPRO:
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES
Goal: To assess and develop practicable technological controls to abate all
forms of man-made or induced emissions of particulate matter, particu-
larly those that effect health and welfare of the populace. •
Objectives:
o To assess and improve effectiveness of conventional particulate control
technology to meet existing and proposed particulate emission regula- .
tions.
o To assure that technology is available to permit increased use of low
sulfur western coals such that particulate emissions can be controlled
within existing and proposed:standards.
o Develop and evaluate new fine and inhalable particulate matter control
technology for stationary and fugitive emissions sources.
o Develop scientific basis and fundamental understanding to support all
particulate control research and development activities.
o Assess and develop control of particulate emissions from Mobile Diesel
Engines to support the Agency mandate to set a best available techno-
logy standard by 1981.
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
o Developed assessment of control technology for industrial fugitive par-,
ticulate emissions to support Agency decision to set an inhalable par-
ticulate standard,
o Provided Standards Revision Working Group data on particulate control
capabilities of scrubbers for formulating revised utility boiler NSPS.
o Developed state of the art on flue gas conditioning to support justifi-
cation for implementing interium particulate standards compliance for
utility boilers switching to low sulfur coal.
o Provided document support for NSPS for industrial boilers.
o Initiated the program for mobile diesel particulate emission control to
support the Agency mandate to establish a 1981 emission standards.
o Completed (US-USSR) bilateral agreement obligation for developing and
hosting a joint symposium on electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and
scrubber technology. Conducted a fabric filter symposium and establish-
ed the first international conference on all aspects of particulate
control technology, measurement, effects and standards.
o New version of ESP Model established. Both ESP'and scrubber models
reduced for use on programmable calculators. Fabric filter model
revised for easier use by Regional personnel, industry and TVA.
o Demonstration of baghouse filter for a 350 MW power plant burning low
sulfur coal in full operation. Pilot scale test of SOX removal by
industrial boiler baghouse initiated.
o Successfully pilot test achieved for removing steel plant sinter opera-
tions dusts using a new high gradient magnetic separator device.
o Successfull bench scale verification achieved on cleaning high temper-
ature-pressure gases using ceramic bag filters and dry particle
scrubbers.
JU'
EPA Form 2410.10 (S-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) HQ QRD MEDIA: Energy
Energy - Flue Gas Particulate Control(N-135) REG- APPRO:
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
FY-79 SuTnmary Activities and Planned Accomplishments:
o Validate fabric filter (baghouse) model.
o Compliance KSPS support document for industrial .boilers.
o 'Final report on pulse-jet modifications for improved baghouse.
performance. . • - ----- —
o Conduct applications workshop for particulate control devices. •
o Field evaluations of flue gas conditioning agents for compliance
with NS'PS. •
o Continue development of the fine particulate emissions information
system (FPEIS) . ' ' ." ......
o Particulate control performance evaluation for boilers using low
sulfur coal (LSC) . . • — ----- ..... ---_-. r^.- ._-. ...— -
o Continue conventional technology assessments to support 1982
revisions to NSPS for utility boilers. _ ______ _ - ___
o Lab evaluation of effects on ESP performance when using cleaned coals
o Bench evaluation of charged fogger for fugitive, foists- ------ ,— , — , —
o Review of applicable technologies for fugitive emissions/-" ~r~r~~
o Bench .test integrated systems for dry g as ^-scrubbing -and.Aet.-ig n cr ----
filtration.
o Report on potential of high temperature/high pressure control
technologies to meet NSPS for combined cycled .plants.' - - . -
o Phase I evaluation of baghouse usage on large LSC utility boiler.
o Lab and field evaluation of improved ESP for high resistivity
utility ash (precharger) .
o Complete diesel emission characterization and identify potential
after treatment control -devices. - - ... --- ---- -—..- _--.-.— —
o Completes assessment of urban fugitive particulate emissions.
o Initiates mobile evaluation of after-treatment particulate trapping
devices for diesel emission control.
Considered Alternatives
depend on Air pollution control vendors and/or utility industry R&D
activities to -voluntary promote more- ef f ecLive- pai t-iculi-att: Ittuliiiulogy : ~ ~
development, either alone or through a Federal RSD assistance program. .
Previous exp"ef"iince~in5"ica'teT~5ie" lack of incentive on the"part"o'f - the
users, e.g., utilities, to promote new technology.with or without Federal
assistance. Vendors -do-not-have -edequate-f'inanciel-resourc-es -to—develop -new
tecnnbTogies to make near term impacts, and Federal assistance undermines
their proprietary position. As such, the established firms seek no assistanc
other than - strong -standards backed by f-orcefull-enforcement in-order "to
promote the sale of their current costly control devices. (Not Recommended)
Eliminate all EPA activities in technological- assessment and' development. Set
air emis'£ion_standard_s on the basis of health effects information."_ Such a
ignore-the -financial -burd-en'to the~naj(3r' Us"er's' and" th
EPA Form 24\0*10 (6-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM!: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW -CONTINUATION
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) HQ QRD MEDIA: Energy
Energy - Flue Gas Particulate Control(N-135) REG. APPRO:
economic impact on the Nation as a result of scarce capital resources to
finance inadequately developed technologies which are unsuited to practicable
implementation to meet NSPS, and revisions to them from time to time as new
pollutants or tighter limits on criteria pollutants are required.
(Not Recommended)
Continue developing in-house expertise to operate a research, development
and demonstration program for advancing flue gas particulatje -(and-o±herL _
pollutants when appropriate) control technologies. Conduct program via
grants and contracts with capable R&D institutions and with other Federal
Agencies through lAG's. (Recommended at all levels) .._... . .
k
EPA Form 2410.10 (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2t DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MfcUIAj ENERGY
FLUE GAS PARTICULATE CONTROL APPROI RID
8. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 76 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY BO INCH FY eo CUM
POSITIONS PFT 18.0 15,0 11,0 11.0
LEVEL OPFT 3.0 3.0 2.0 2,0
01 OF 05 FTE 20.8 15,9 15,9
BUDGET UJTH. (000.0) 1«,417.0 8,900,0 6,675,0 6,675,0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Advance Conventional Technology (Stationary Sources Standards Support)
o Continue review of utility boiler control technology for revising
NSPS in 1982
o Continue development of fine particulate emissions information system
(FPEIS) for users..
o Complete update of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) design model.
o Complete initial assessment of urban fugitive particulate emissions.
Expanded Coal Usage (National Energy Plan (NEP) Support-OMB Directive)
o Initiate evaluation of optimized (SO* - Particulates)
mini-pilot wet scrubber.
o Continue evaluation of impacts of coal cleaning on particulate control
emissions and devices.
o Continue assessment and development of flue gas conditioning additives
o Complete evaluation of retrofit options for low sulfur coal boiler.-;.
Mobile Source Emissions Control (Diesel Standards Setting Support)
o Complete static evaluation of after-treatment particulate trapping
devices. (Culver Pilot-Mobile Source Plan)
Fundamental Supporting Research (Basic support for 1-3 programs above)
o Complete feasibility tests for new concepts for fugitive emissions
control.
o Complete evaluation of electrostatic scrubber.
o Continue assessment of electrostatic enhancement of fabric filtration*
o Complete initial assessment of high temperature/pressure(HT/F) particu-
late control potentials.
o Continue technology transfer efforts for controlling inhalable
particulate matter emissions.
o Issue technology transfer reports on fine particulate control tech-
nology. '
Impacts
Funding This Base Level Will Allow:
o EPA to technically justify revising the utility boiler NSPS in 1981.
o Continued data accumulation in the FTEIS system which is basic to
the support of characterizing emissions of inhalable particulate matte:
(IPM). - ^
o High and low sulfur coal users to comply with a the current 0.05#/MMBTTj'
particulate standard.
o EPA to set diesel vehicle particulate emission standards by 1981 based
on evaluated trapping device technology.
o EPA to maintain a basic understanding of the maximum potential for
particulate emissions control from coal-fired boilers.
J1L J
-------
u I Ci <•
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE)
Energy - Flue Gas Particulate Control(N-135)
HQ
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY
FY 78 ACTUAL FY 79 C. EST. FY 80 INCR.
FY 80 CUM.
LEVEL
1 OF 5
f POSITIONS PFT
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0!
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Not Funding This Level Would:
o Jeopardize establishing the 1982 particulate NSPS.
o Make meeting the NEP goal of expanded coal usage a costly venture
as complying with current and planned revisions to NSPS is doubtful.
o Eliminate any feasible means of retrofitting older inefficient
plants in non-attainment areas.
o Eliminate the establishment of Diesel Vehicle standards based on
technological capability as required by Sec. 202(a) of the 1977 .
Clean Air Act.
o Eliminate the development of new control systems for fugitive
emission controls (none currently exist).
o Restrict the use of control devices to current conventional systems,
which cannot now meet even current standards for the changing energy
situation (i.e., switching to low sulfur coals, etc.).
o Reduce the EPA technical capability to assess technology properly.
-------
AL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL 'ANALYSIS
DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MgDjAj ENERGY
135 FLUE GAS PARTICIPATE CONTROL APPRDj R & D
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 C. E, FY 6Q INCR FY 60 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 18.0 15.0 2.0 13.0
LEVEL OPFT 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.0
02 OF 05 FTE 20,8 2.4 18.3
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) 14,417.0 8,
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2? DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE MQ M£DIAi
N135 FLUE GAS PARTICIPATE CONTROL APPRO: R & D
B, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 c. E. *v so INCR FY so cu*
POSITIONS PFT 18.0 • 15.0 2,0 15,0
LEVEL OPFT 3.0 3.0 3.0
03 OF 05 FTE 20.8 1.0 , 19.3
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) 14,417.0 8,900.0 890,0 8,900.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o. Complete assessment of urban fugitive particulate emissions.
o Initiate mobile evaluation of after-treatment particulate
trapping devices for diesel emission control.
Impacts
Funding At This Level Would:
o Allow assessing the urban fugitive emission problem in time to
meet the Agency's desire to set meaningful regulations in this
area during the 1980's.
o Assure adequate test data for the setting of diesel control
standards is attained to set the initial 1981 Congressional
mandated regulation.
Not Funding This Level Would:
o Delay effort to assess the urban fugitive emission problems.
o Restrict the diesel particulate control standard setting effort
to using static test data as a basis for standards.
OIL'S
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
,11: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N140) HQ ORD MEDIA: Energy
Effects cf Energy-Related Pollutants on REG APPRO-
Organisms and Ecosystems -
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES
Long-Range Goal
To assess the environmental effects of increased energy development on fresh
surface and ground water, marine and estuarine, and atmospheric/terrestrial
ecosystems.
MarTpr Objectives (General):
o Determine the effects of the extraction of raw fuels on freshwater,
marine/estuarine, terrestrial ecosystems.
o Accumulate needed baseline information useful in forecasting environ-
mental impacts related to the processing, transportation, and conversion
of fuels.
Ma-[or Objectives (Specific) :
f
o Atmospheric/Terrestrial Ecosystem Effects
To measure and predict changes in grassland ecosystems as a function
of air pollution associated with energy development
To determine the effects of metals and other pollutants on crops
and forest ecosystems
To develop an information retrieval system for data relevant to the
reclamation of strip mi.ies
Freshwater Ecosystem Effects
- To determine the aquatic effects of energy development in the
arid west, oil transportation in Alaska, and thermal discharges in
the Great Lakes area.
To determine the physical, chemical, and biological changes that can
effect fish, insects, aquatic plants, and human water supplies, so
that their effects can be controlled.
Marine/Estuarine Ecosystem Effects
To concentrate research on the coastal area of the eastern
United States where power plants, d'eepwater ports, and new offshore
rigs may be erected.
To develop baseline data, including background data on marine biota
and their habitats, for the purpose of determining the effects on
marine organisms of pollutants from energy development activities.
EPA Form 24)0-10 (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM!: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW - Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N140) HO. QRD MEDIA: £nergy
Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants on REG APPRO:
Organisms and Ecosystems
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Publication of a preliminary report on the chemical-and biological
effects from coal extraction at Colorado sites on aquatic ecosystems.
Publication of final report on the immediate and long term effects of
waste heat in surface waters of the Great Lakes Basin .on aquatic species
and community populations. Sources will include power plants—nuclear
and fossil, refineries, and any .other technologies releasing waste heat
to the aquatic environment. Emphasis will be on relationship of larval
entrainment to reproducing populations.
Completion of preliminary thermal effects evaluation on marine organisms,
stressing response to coexposures to heat and metals.
Determination of the toxicity to marine organisms of petrochemicals
and energy related organic compounds frbm offshore activities.
Conduction of experiments on plants, including fast growing trees, to
assess growth support capabilities of specific land reclamation sites
in relation to water quality and soil characteristics.
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION •
FY-79 Activities and Planned Accomplishments
.. »
1. Critical review of the results of research which has been conducted
and which is presently underway concerning the impact of energy
related wastes on the frestt water environment.
>
2. Investigation of toxicity and bioaccumulation in fresh water ajaimals
of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
3. Completion of the study of the effect' of entrainment on aquatic
organisms.
4. Determination of the effects of strip mining on the western fresh
water ecosystems.
5. Utilization of Marine Environmental Research Laboratory (MERL) system
for measurement of pollutant levels in an array of biotic and
abiotic marine and estuarine compartments.
6. Implementation of field studies to verify laboratory results of
organism effects from drilling mud components and biocides.
7. Determination of toxicity of metals and hydrocarbons to marine
7 organisms.
1A / 3 7 £\
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW - Continued '
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N140) HQ °KD MEDIA: Energy
Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants on REQ APPRO: R&D
Oreanisms and Ecosvsterrts ______^__^_—^__
8. Identification of cooling water intake structures to be used to
minimize adverse effects.
'9. incorporation of all integrated data into predictive models capable
of being updated as new information becomes available and designed
to meet needs of regulatory agencies.
10. Evaluation of the acute and chronic effects of pollutants from oil
shale mining on fresh water organisms.
11. Initiation-of final phases of:
- The environmental impact field "studies of coal-fired power plants,
- NOAA environmental assessment of Northern Puget Sound and Gulf
of Mexico.
- Work on overall impact of power plants on species of fish and
zooplankton in the Great Lakes.
- Thermal impact structure and cold climate research.
- Ecological analysis of effects of -natural oil seeps in
Santa Barbara channel.
- Funding for coastal ecosystem characterization studies.
- Funding for ongoing reclamation/revegetation projects with the
Department of Agriculture and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
FY-79 Alternatives Considered
In 1973, two interagency task forces (23 Federal departments and
agencies) were called together by OMB and CEQ to develop programs to
best meet the joint goals of energy development and environmental
protection. One of these, the King-Muir task force, addressed the health
and ecological effects of energy-related pollutants. This effort led to
the present interagency (11 Federal agencies) Energy Health and Ecological
Effects Program.
The only management alternatives available'are: (1) a total EPA
program—this was rejected because of insufficient facilities and
personnel and; (2) dissolution of the pass-through system in favor of
direct appropriation to each agency—this was rejected because it would
be much more difficult if not impossible to maintain a focused and
coordinated national program.
J1L >
EPA Form 2-110.10 (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW - Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N140)
Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants on
Organisms and Ecosystems
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
Major restructuring of the ongoing program to allow initiation of
major new activities under present funding was rejected because of a
desire not to sacrifice two to four years of investment in projects
that are scheduled to be completed with FY-80 funds.
Focm 2.'.10-10 (8-78)
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM i\ DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ M£UIAt £N£RGY
Niao EF^S OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS ON ORGANISMS &APPPO:SR & D
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 C. E. FY 80 INCR FY 80 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3,0 2.0 2.0
LEVEL OPFT 2.0 1.0 1,0 1.0
01 OF Ob FTE 4,4 3,9 3.9
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) 10,626.0 !6,27fe.o 12,207.0 12,207,0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL.ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o Continue critical review of research which has been conducted and which
is presently underway concerning the impact of energy-related wastes on
the freshwater environment.
o Utilize the Marine Environmental Research Laboratory (Narragansett, R.I.)
for studies of "consent decree" pollutants.
o Conduct ecological effects study of drilling muds used in offshore oil
and gas drilling in Georges Banks Area (Region I) and Texas Flower
Garden (Region VI).
f
o Continue field studies to verify laboratory results of organism effects
from drilling mud components and biocides for Gulf of Mexico ecosystems.
o Complete the multi-media environmental impact studies of coal-fired power
plants.
o Continue surface mine reclamation/revegetation projects with USDA/TVA.
^ *• t
o Complete the evaluation of the acute and chronic effects of pollutants
from oil shale extraction on freshwater organisms.
o Determine water quantity needs of fish and wildlife in the Upper
Colorado and Upper Missouri River Basins.
o Complete environmental study of existing active oil field (Bucaneer)
with similar ecosystem in undisturbed area.
o Assess the state-of-the-art on the ecological effects of power plant
cooling tower operations.
DOE $14M Transfer Activities
o Continue combustion pollution stress studies on terrestrial ecosystems.
o Continue study of effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine
environment.
o Continue studies on the marine effects of biocides used in cooling
systems,
ji;:,
l ft_ i i /e
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS - Continued
DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N140)
Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants
on Organisms and Ecosvsteras
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
R&D
B RESOURCE
FY 78 ACTUAL FY 79 C. EST. FY 80 INCH
FY 80 CUM.
LEVEL
1 OF 2-
POSITIONS PFT
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0)
•
C. .DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DFSCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
o Continue study on development of quantitative methodology for
collecting and interpreting ecological data and provide a framework
for field and laboratory research activities.
o Continue study on aquatic effects of energy-related pollutants,
particularly in Great Lakes.
Benefits of Funding
•unding this level provides a marginal effort to determine the ecological
effects of pollutants released from energy resource extraction, conversion,
iansmission and use.
.sequences of Not Funding
Failure to fund this level would eliminate the ecology effects portion of
the Interagency Energy /Environment R.&D Program, and would negate OMB/EPA/DOE
agreements concerning the EPA/DOE S1A million transfer of energy health
and environmental effects research projects and, resources.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FOR* 2\ DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT Tl-TLfc AND CODE HQ
Ni4o eFf-s OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS ON ORGANISMS S.APPRCJSR & o
•».«.•««»•••«•»••«•••••••••••••—••••••••••«••••••••»•»•••••••
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 c, E. FY en INCR
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3.0 1.0
LEVEL OPFT 2.0 1.0
02 OF oo FTE a. a 5
BUDGET AUTH. (000. 0) 10,626.0 16,276.0 2,fl«l,0
FY so CUM
3,0
1.0
a.a
14,648,0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
Same as Level 1 plus:
o Initiate acid rain study by expanding USDA monitoring network to
cover additional geographic areas throughout midwestern farm belt.
o Continue funding ongoing reclamation/revegetation project with
USDA and TVA.
Benefits of Funding
Funding this level will establish information on increase of acid rain
levels throughout the major agricultural areas of the Midwest. This
will provide a basis for judging broad impacts on food production due
to pollutants from expanding power production. Funding this level will
also permit the determination of the rates of ecological recovery under
various surface mine reclamation techniques.
•V
Consequences of Not Funding
Failure to fund this level means that there will be no comprehensive,
concrete basis for documenting and assessing the impact of power plant
related acid rain on critical agricultural production in the Midwest.
Disapproval of this level would also result in delays and severe
difficulties in responding to the mandates of PL95-87, the Surface
Mine Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.
Jlv
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
_ DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MEDIA? ENERGY
M140 EFFS OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS ON ORGANISMS 8-APPROjSR & D
B, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 76 ACT FY 79 c. E, FY eo INCR FY 80 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3.0 3.0
LEVEL OPFT 2.0 1.0 1.0
03 OF 06 FTE 4,4 4,4
BUDGET AUTH. (000,0) 10,626.0 16,276.0 1,628,0 16,276.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
•*. ., "
Same as Level 2 plus:
o Initiate a major ecosystem impact study utilizing an active drilling
rig in the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Texas Flower Garden's coral
reef. This study is in direct support of the NPDES permit program.
The major tasks in this study are:
a. Characterize the physical and chemical properties of drilling
fluids, packer fluids and cuttings. •»->
b. Obtain oceanographic parameters in the vicinity of the drilling
operation.
c. Characterize the fate of the discharge plume.
d. Perform in-situ toxicity tests.
e. Relate effluent concentration to biological effects.
f. Assess the impact of the drilling operation.
o Conduct interagency (EPA, DOE and HEW) workshops to identify health
and environmental impacts of advanced energy technologies. Recommend
research programs to close gaps and prevent overlaps.
Benefits of Funding
Funding this level will establish critical information which the EPA
Region Staffs need to consider in issuing NPDES permits for offshore
oil and gas drilling operations and will provide needed information
to guide future research on advanced energy technologies.
Consequences of Kot Funding
Failure to fund this level would result in delays in issuing NPDES permits
or their issuance based on incomplete information. It would also delay
needed interagency cooperative efforts on advanced energy technologies.
ji;
EPA Form 2410-11 (6-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2? DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ
Nl«o EFFS OF ENR5Y RELTD POLTNTS ON ORGANISMS &APPRO|SR & 0
B""RESOURCE*SUMM"RY FY 78 ACT FY ?P c. E. FY *o INCR FY so CUM
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0
LEVEL OPFT 2.0 i.o i.o
04 OF Ob FTE 4.4 2.0 6.4
BUDGET AUTH, (000.0) 10,626.0 16,276.0 1,628,0 17,904.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF.FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
Same as Level 3 plus:
o Initiate research program designed to improve our capability to perform
ecological damage assessments of oil spills of both the short-term
(acute) damage and the long-term (chronic) damage. This program would
be intergrated into an existing joint EPA/NOAA program that has as its
major objectives the following:
a. Providing the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (clean-up operations
with highly qualified scientific advice on mitigating the
environmental and socio-economic impact of major spills,
b. Providing assessments of the extent of environmental damage
resulting from such spills; and
c. Maximize the research advantage offered by actual spill situations
to further knowledge of oil pollution effects and improve our
capability for evaluating the extent of environmental damage.
o As is seen, research in this decision unit applied to meeting our
responsibilities under Objective 3 above.
o The research component of oil spill response will provide urgently
required information dealing with (1) levels of environmental-
contaminations of water, sediment, and organisms; (2) biological
interactions between trophic levels; (3) techniques for measuring
extent and kind of contamination; (4) methodologies and protocols for
statistical sampling to ensure scientific cause/effects relationships;
(5) methodologies to discern relative damage of acute versus chronic
stress conditions; and (6) most importantly, research dealing with the
translation of ecological information into practical economic costs.
Benefits of Funding
This level would allow EPA to perform a research program dealing directly with
measurement of oil spill damage. The state-of-the-art is such, that there are
no routine procedures, protocols, or methodologies to perform assessments of
ecological damage. This information is needed by EPA Regions and state agencies
especially as it relates to establishing the extent of liability of spillers
of oil. Pending legislation (so-called "Superfund") would require compensa-
tion to claimants for damage to "natural resources." This program attempts
to provide the tools to obtain the required answers.
-------
^feivi:
pVDE
T?r r „„ »
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS -Continued .
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N1AO)
Effects cf Energy-Related Pollutants
on Organisms and Ecosystems
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY
FY 73 ACTUAL FY 79 C EST
FY 80 INCR.
FY 80 CUM.
LEVEL
A OF_ L_-
POSITIONS PFT
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET AUTH.iOOO.O)
|
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Consequences of Not Funding
Failure to fund this level would inhibit the development of standard
procedures, protocols and methodologies required for the methodical
performance of assessments of ecological damage. In addition, research
attempting to determine the relationship between the variety of ecological
damage and the economic costs to society (as required for litigations)
would not be performed.
ui:
EPA Form 2410-1 1 (8-78)
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
:ORM1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N145)
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants
HQ ORE
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO: R&D
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES
LONG-RANGE GOAL ' .
Assess the transmission in air, water, and soil of pollutants and heat
emitted from energy operations. Identify pathways of thfise pollutarits from
their source to their ultimate destination (fate) in man and the environment,
including any physical and chemical transformations occurring during transport.
MAJOR OBJECTIVES (General):
To determine the mechanisms of dispersion from sites of production of
energy-related pollutants.
To determine the transformations which occur subsequent to release of
energy-related pollutants.
• To determine the pathways from sources and ultimate exposure of man,
domesticated and wild animals and plants, and in non-living material
(such.as soil and sediments) by energy-related pollutants.
4AJOR OBJECTIVrs (Specific);
Water Processes
•
- Freshwater investigations characterise the pathways and fate of
energy-related pollutants (organics, metals, other dissolved or
suspended, and thermal discharges) released into surface or ground
waters.
Marine and estuarine investigations analyze the interactions of
pollutants with the marine environment and biosystems so that
effective control methods can be developed.
Terrestrial Processes
These characterize the energy-related pollutants and their
mechanisms of transport to and through various types of surface
vegetation, soils and subsurface formations.
Atmospheric Processes
Atmospheric studies characterize the.transformation of primary
emissions for energy sources into more hazardous pollutants in
the air and determine both local and long-range transport and fate
of these energy-related pollutants. An understanding of these
processes is required to develop effective control strategies
for presently unregulated energy pollutants on both local and
lv- 3 regional scales.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW. Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N1A5) HQ OED MEDIA: Energy
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants REG- APPRO: R&D
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• 1. Initiated studi&e'to determine the meteorological conditions
leading to fine particulate transformation and transport, and
visibility degradation in the West in support of 'EPA Clean Air
Act responsibilities.
2.' Initiated field studies to assess secondary atmospheric pollutant
potential organic emission fraction of energy technologies.
3. Established that there is a relationship between subcontinental
aerosol pollution and its transport over thousands of kilometers
over the U.S. Eastern Seaboard. In one case, pollution over
Georgia and Florida could be traced back to its area of origin in
the Ohio Valley 5 to 6 days earlier. This is significant for
energy development plans in the Ohio Valley area which is already
a major source of such pollution.
The implication for EPA is the need to factor such considerations
of multi-regional, sub-continental pollution transport into its
overall air pollution control strategies.
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
1. Investigation of the sulfate fine particulate formation resulting
from power plants in the Western U.S. and the. relationship of such
fine particulates to visibility degradation.
2. Initiate MAP3S study under EPA management. Investigate sulfate
distribution in Northeast U.S. due to power plants.
3. Identification of primary and secondary organic particulates
originating from power plants in ambient air. Investigation of
particulate transport and transformation mechanisms including
atmospheric chemical reactions.
^' Commencement and assessment of chamber studies on advanced fossil
fuel technology.
5. Determination of chemical precursors, atmospheric mechanisms
and rate constants for the transformation of NOX to nitric acid •
and nitrate. The conduct of laboratory studies of actual trans-
formation and transport downwind of coal-fired plants.
6. Performance of a series of long-range power plant plume studies in
Midwestern and Eastern U.S. to determine NOX to nitric acid con-
version rates and deposition rates under various meteorological
and atmospheric conditions and correlation of results with Jl^. J
laboratory studies. • -
\ A f 11 Tft\
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
rORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW -•• Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N145) HO. ORD MEDIA: Energy
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants REG- APPRO: R&D
7. Completion of the present phase of research examining the system
and processes by which energy-related water pollutants are
transported and transformed in representative environments.
8. Continuation, at a reduced level, of programs for determination
of the transport, transformation and fate of petroleum hydro-
carbons, organic and inorganic pollutants and metals in marine
and estuarine processes.
9. Description of the transport and mixing of contaminants which may
. be in the discharge to freshwater systems from power plants.
10. Provision of experimental data needed for the initial verification
of evaluative models of energy-related pollutant transport in
aquatic systems.
FY 79 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
In 1973, two interagency task forces (23 Federal departments and
agencies) were called together by OMB and CEQ to develop programs to
best meet the joint goals of energy development and environmental protection.
One of these, the King-Muir task force, addressed the health and ecological
effects of energy-related pollutants. This effort led to the present inter-
agency (11 Federal agencies) Energy Health and Ecological Effects Program.
The only management alternatives available are: (1} a total EPA
program—this was rejected because of insufficient facilities and personnel
and; (2) dissolution of the pass-through system in favor of direct appropria-
tion to each agency—this was rejected because it would be much more difficult
if not impossible to maintain a focused and coordinated national program.
Major restructuring of the ongoing program.to- allow initiation of
major new activities under present funding was rejected because of a
desire not to sacrifice two to four years of investment in projects that
are scheduled to be completed with FY-80 funds.
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2s DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE ANQ CODE HQ MEDIA! ENERGY
N145 TRANSPORT & FATE OF ENERGY RELATED POLTNTSAPPRO T P I D
_ _ _ ._ _ — I _ « ^ K ^M ••• •• • • • V • • • • 4V 9 • V 4V ^ * '
8""RtSOURCE~SUMMARY F* 78 ACT FY 7<» C. E. FY 80 INCR FY 80 CU*
PUSITIONS PFT 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
LEVEL °PFT , « , * 3 ^
01 OF 06 FTE 3.0 2.5 2.5
BUDGET AUTH. (000,0) • a, 010.0 8,460.0 • fc,3«5.0 6,345.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
Continuation of multi-year projects including:
o Investigate sulfate fine particulate formation due to power plants
in the Western U.S. and the relationship of such fine particulates
to visibility degradation.
o Determine levels of sulfate and sulfuric acid formation in
scrubber plumes.
o Identify primary and secondary organic particulates due to power
plants and investigate their transport and transformation mechanisms
including atmospheric chemistry and meteorological conditions.
o Assess smog chamber studies on advanced fossil fuel technology
processes.
o Determine chemical precursors, atmospheric mechanisms and rate
constants for the transformation of NOX in power plant-plumes into
nitric acid aerosol and particulate nitrate. Chiefly laboratory
studies of atmospheric chemistry at this level.
o Perform series of long-range power plant plume studies in midwestern
and eastern U.S. with aircraft-to directly determine NOX to aerosol
conversion rates and deposition rates under various meteorological
and atmospheric conditions and correlate results with laboratory
studies.
o Fund at scheduled level internal and external programs for determina-
tion of transformation and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons, organic
and inorganic pollutants and metals in marine and estuarine ecosystems,
o Describe the transport and mixing of contaminants which may be in the
discharge from power plants.
DOE $1AM Transfer Activities
Continue multi-state atmospheric power production study of sulfate
distribution and deposition throughout the northeastern U.S.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS - Continued
. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N145)
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants
HQ
REG.
MEDIA. Energy
APPRO:
R&D
B RESOURCE SUMMARY
FY 78 ACTUAL FY 79 C. EST. FY 80 INCR
FY 80 CUM.
POSITIONS
PFT
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET ALfTH (000.0)
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Benefits of Funding
Establishment of air and water pollutant transport information for areas anti-
cipated to undergo rapid energy resource development and identification of
environmental pathway impacts associated with expanding domestic energy
resources (extraction, transportation, combustion, and use). Provision of
critical environmental transport data for energy-resource development to
Federal, State and local planners and policy-makers.
In view cf expanding coal combustion, the overall NOx loading of the atmosphere
In the Eastern U.S. will increase. Initial evidence indicates that through
conversion in the atmosphere nitric acid aerosol is formed and transported
«from original sources. This nitrate initiative is needed to identify
parameters in order that regional control strategies for nitric acid/
rate aerosol can be developed for minimizing human exposure and nitric
acid contribution to acid rain.
The DOE $14 Million component of this program can lead to an understanding
of the cross-regional distribution of sulfate and to the contribution of
sulfnte to acid rain and to transport of sulfate to high population areas.
This is important for future power plant siting decisions in the East.
Consequences of Not Funding
Disapproval of this level would have a severe disruptive effect on the energy-
related programs conducted by other agencies receiving EPA energy pass-through
funds and would most likely result in dissolution of the interagency program
or transferral of the management and coordination responsibilities to another
agency—most likely DOE. Because this program provides critical transport
and transformation information concerning expanding energy resources and
technology development activities, disapproval would severely curtail EPA's
ability to ensure the subtleties of environmental transport and transformation
Dhenomena are brought to bear on energy policy and decision-making and would
curtail cr-terminate an FY-78 initiated program to determine the transformation
and transport properties of organic emissions from fossil fuel combustion
r
EPA Form 2410-11 (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N145) HQ QRr)
Transport and Fate of Energy-Related Pollutants REG-
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO: R&D
8. RESOURCE SUMMARY
FY 73 ACTUAL FY 79 C. EST. FY 80 INCH.
FY 80 CUM.
LEVEL
1 or 6
POSITIONS PFT
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET AUTH.IOOO 0)
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES.OF NOT FUNDING.
Without the nitrate study, no reliable information will exist on production
levels of nitric acid/nitrate aerosol precursors from the expanding Ohio
Valley Power Complex nor on the key atmospheric precursor conditions and
chemical precursors. It is clear from the S0x/sulfate problem that reduction
of NOX is not necessarily the key to nitrate aerosol control.
Failure to fund this level would negate OMB/EPA/DOE agreements concerning
the EPA/DOE $14 million transfer of energy health and environmental effects
research projects and resources. ,«->
Jl'
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ
N145 TRANSPORT I FATE OF ENERGY RELATED POLTNTSAPPPO | R & D
B, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 C. E. FY PO INCR FY 60 CUH
POSITIONS PFT 1.0 3.0 1.0 3.0
LEVEL OPFT
02 UF nb FTE 3.0 5 3,0
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) « , 010.0 8,460.0 i,26
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2; DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLt AND CODE HO
Nj«5 TRANSPORT & FATE OF ENERGY RELATED POLTNTSAPPRO | R & 0
a, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY PO INCR 'FY 80 CUM
POSITIONS PFT 1,0 3.0 3.0
LEVEL OPFT
03 OF 06 FTE 3,0 3,0
BUDGET AUTH. (000,0) a, 010.0 B,«feO.O 8U6.0 8,460.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o Complex terrain model development - aimed at predicting air impacts
of power plant plumes and oil shale emissions in mountainous regions
where new energy facilities are planned.
o Adapt development of regional transport model for power plant
plumes to incorporate NOX conversion rates and deposition rates of
secondary nitric acid aerosol (and particulate nitrate if the latter
is determined to be significant). This level includes the valida-
tion of the nitrate module of the regional model with field
measurements data.
Benefit of Funding
o Complex terrain model is needed in western region to evaluate siting
criteria by EPA regions. This gives EPA a means to determine air
impacts of specific energy developments in mountainous areas.
o Development and validation of a nitrate module for regional models
enables an overall evaluation of power plant impacts on regional air
quality, visibility and acid deposition.
Consequences of Not Funding
Inadequate understanding of the eventual distribution and fate of energy
related pollutants throughout areas which will be developed in the near
future. Therefore, there will be no adequate basis for control strategy
and/or siting limitations.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW
0'
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N150) HQ ORD MEDIA: Energy
Measurement Systems & Instrumentation REG. APPRO: T?&t)
n^irol
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES - GOALS:
The basic goal of this effort is to identify and accurately quantify the
concentrations of pollutants in air, water and groundwater which are due
to energy-related sources and to accurately define the extent of such
pollution problems caused by major energy development. The subsidiary
goal is to ensure that adequate, accurate pollutant measurement methods
exist to measure and monitor those energy-related pollutants for which
measurement methods do not now exist.
LONG RANGE GOALS AND MAJOR OBJECTIVES - OBJECTIVES:
The major objectives are:
o To establish ambient baseline data for energy related pollutants in
those regions undergoing near term energy development and to then
measure pollutant trends associated with actual development. This
gives a direct measure of actual pollution impact against a pre-
development baseline.
To develop quality assurance procedures for such measurements programs
in which a variety of agencies participate and to develop appropriate
measurements calibration materials for these needs.
o To develop ambient sampling and analytical methods for those pollutants
whose presence will increase in the environment as a result of energy
development and for which measurement methods are presently inadequate.
Emphasis is on pollutants which should be measured in near term research
studies.
o To develop synoptic and advanced techniques for rapidly monitoring
the levels and extent of energy pollutants and their impacts on broad
geographical scales in real time.
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
o Evaluation of the initial year of energy-related pollutant data
collected in the Western energy region under the coordinated measure-
ments quality assurance effort and identification of specific inade-
quacies of the regional data base regarding energy development.
o Initial report on development of a groundwater pollution monitoring
system for the oil shale process in Colorado.
Initial report on groundwater pollution measurement system in the strip
mine area of the Powder River Basin, principally in Wyoming.
Jll '
EPA Form 2JIO-10 (S
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
"ORM1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW - Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N150)
Measurement Systems & Instrumentation
Development for Energy-Related Pollutants
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA:
APPRO:
Energy
R&D
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS (continued)
o ' Initial report on standard reference materials requirements for
pollution measurements related to energy technologies. .
o Report on measurements requirements for water pollutants from energy
technologies.
o Initiation of regional coordinated quality assurance program for energy-
related air pollution measurements in the Ohio Valley region and in
"downwind" states in advance of increased power plant development.
o Initiation of regional water pollution monitoring in areas of Eastern
U.S. where major coal mining initiatives are projected.
p Initiation of regional, coordinated quality assurance program for energy-
'' . related water pollution measurements in the Eastern U.S. with TJSGS in-.
advance of increased coal mining activity.
o Initiation of development of comprehensive ambient measurement method-
ology for organic air and water pollutants from advanced coal and oil
shale technology.
o Initiation of development of near-term field water monitoring method
for organics from advanced coal and oil shale technology.
o Initiation of development of multi-media guidelines for monitoring of
advanced energy technologies.
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
The FY 79 program is basically a continuation of FY 78 activities such as:
1. Provide accurate validated ambient baseline data for energy-related
air and water pollutant levels, distributions and surface effects
on a regional scale throughout the Western Energy Resource Develop-
ment Region of the U.S.; develop advanced air, water pollutant
measurement methods, and techniques for measuring pollutants and
effects from new energy technologies; in parallel with this, develop
the required quality assurance procedures. Develop measurement
methods and data base for ambient radionuclides associated with
combustion of various coals.
Jll .--
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW _ Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N150) HO. ORD MEDIA: Energy
Measurement Systems & Instrumentation
Development for Energy-Related Pollutants REG. APPRO:
2 Develop indicator .methods for monitoring ground-water pollutants
from oil shale and coal-related sources; develop measurements
quality assurance support program for pollutants associated with
coal development in key areas of the. East (Ohio Valley; Interior
Coal Province).
3 Develop quality assurance standards for measurements associated
with new energy technology development; develop multipollutant
measurement methods for pollutants produced by these energy
technologies.
Initiatives are limited to:
o Development of nitric acid aerosol measurement methods to
support planned research studies.
o Studies of the levels and extent of fine particulate pollution
due to power plant expansion in the West.
79 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
In 1973, two interagency task forces (23 Federal departments and
agencies; were called together by OMB and CEQ to develop programs to
best meet the joint goals of energy development and environmental pro-
tection. One of these, the King-Muir task force, addressed the health
and ecological effects of energy-related pollutants. This, effort led
to the present interagency (11 Federal agencies) Energy Health and
Ecological Effects Program.
The only management alternatives available are: (1) a total EPA
program—this was rejected because of insufficient facilities and
personnel and; (2) dissolution of the pass-through system in favor of
direct appropriation to each agency — this was rejected because-it
would be much more difficult if not impossible to maintain a focused
and coordinated national program.
Major restructuring of the ongoing program to allow initiation of
major new activities under present funding was rejected because of a
desire not to sacrifice two to four years of investment in projects that
are scheduled to be completed with FY 80 funds.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 25 DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MgUlM ENERGY
NISO MSRMNT SYS & INSTRMNTN DVLP FOR ENRGY RELTAPPRUINR & o
b
0
, RESOURCE SUMMARY
POSITIONS PFT
LEVEL OPFT
1 OF 07 FTE
BUDGET AUTH, (000,0)
FY 78
8,11
AC
1.
1.
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b,a
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C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLV. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o Continue energy-development-related multi-media regional pollutant
baseline measurements in the Four Corners Region of the Southwest,
oil shale areas of Colorado and Utah and the Northern Great Plains.
o Continue unifying air and water quality assurance program to support
state and Federal agencies cooperating in this effort.
o Continue associated remote techniques development for strip-mine
reclamation and water pollution control monitoring and for air
emissions from power plants.
o Continue development of air pollutant measurement methods, chiefly
for fine particulate sulfate, and of water pollutant methods,
chiefly inorganics.
o Continue development of monitoring guidelines for advanced energy
technologies with emphasis on organic emissions.
o Continue development of associated organic standard reference
materials for calibration of water pollution measurement methods.
o Development of measurement methods and data base for radio-
nuclides in the fine particle component of coal combustion
emissions.
Benefits of Funding
Centralized coordination of comprehensive Federal Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment Measurement and Monitoring Program. Provision of timely and adequate
ambient data for decision and policy-making relative to energy resource
development, facility siting, control technology and regulatory requirements.
Implementation of energy-system initiatives without delays caused by inadequate
or insufficient environmental baseline data in key area of U.S. or by lack of
adequate pollution measurement methods.
Consequences of Not Funding
In addition to disrupting the energy-related measurement and monitoring
research programs of several of the participating agencies and possibly
causing a collapse of the "pass-through" approach to interagency coordination,
disapproval of this level would delay for at least two years completion of
many ongoing projects and would curtail or terminate an FY-78 initiated program
to adequately measure organic emissions and ambient levels from conventional
and advanced fossil fuel combustion technologies. Loss of this level will
deprive both environmental and energy policy makers of a defensible quantita-
tive measure of environmental degradation due to western energy development.
There will be no quantitative basis for judging the appropriate balance between
environmental protection and energy development in this relatively pristine
area. Also, EPA will not have developed the needed research and compliance
measurement methods for energy related pollutants due to advanced energy tech-
nologies when those new technologies are demonstrated and commercialized.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE ANU CODE HQ M£UIM ENERGY
siiso MSRMNT SYS & INSTRMNTN DVLP FOR ENRGY RELTAPPROJNR & o
""RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 76 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY eo INCH FY so CUM
POSITIONS PFT l.o i.o l.o
LEVEL CPFT 1.0 1.0 1.0
02 OF 07 FTE . 2.« 2»4
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) 8,111.0 8,537.0 1,280.0 7,683.0
C. DESCRIBE. THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o Continuation of major field study based on the completion of groundwater
measurement methodology development for oil shale and coal strip mining
in Region VIII.
o Air measurement quality assurance program provided to major energy
impacted areas in Regions IV and V. Network which is supported is keyed
to Ohio River energy development and its regional impacts.
o Cooperative water measurements quality assurance program with EPA and
USGS eastern laboratory system.
Q Reconnaisance and water quality baseline studies in the expanding coal
mining region of the midwest (Regions III, IV, V). (Supported by
above watar measurements QA program).
Development of samplers and analytical methods for toxic pollutants
due to coal mining and waste pile leachate.
Benefits of Funding
This level provides concrete, accurate baseline and trend data on key
(energy related) water and groundwacer quality parameters during the
initial major expansion of new energy developments in precisely those
locales where such development is now being planned and/or initiated in the
near term.
The air quality QA project provides a means by which a variety of air '
quality stations which measure ambient conventional pollutants related to
coal combustion in the Ohio Valley can be used to develop an accurate,
geographically broad scaled baseline and trend.- This trend will be key in
assisting the development of a regional control strategy.
1
! Consequences of Not Funding
i
j Lack of baseline and trend data which is acquired by s-tudies directly
related to specific energy developments precludes an adequate assessment
of the impacts of those energy developments on air and water quality in
specific regions. This results in no hard data on which to formulate
and base a reasonable environmental protection policy keyed to specific
•opmcnts, be that from the point of view of standards development or
cement.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A, DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE MQ M£D1A| ENERGY
NISO MSRMNT SYS & INSTRMNTN OVLP FDR ENRGY RELTAPPROINR & D
a. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY PO INCR FY go CUM
POSITIONS PFT 1,0 1.0 1.0
LEVEL OPFT 1.0 1.0 1.0
03 OF 07 FTE 2,« 2.4
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) 8,111.0 8,537.0 854,0 8,537.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
o Continue development of sampling and analytical measurement methods
for air and water pollutants derived from energy technologies, both
expanding conventional and advanced technologies.
o Continue development of standard reference materials required for
calibration and assuring the accuracy of air and water measurement
methods required for pollutants from both expanding conventional and
advanced energy technologies.
Benefits of Funding
This level provides the measurement methods which are the means to detect
and quantify a wide variety of potential hazardous pollutants which are
derived from conventional technology and particularly federally-sponsored
developmental energy technologies such as oil shale, coal gasification, etc,
The standard materials are the only means to assure consistent and compar-
abl-- measurements from one study to another. This enables EPA to be ready
with adequate measurement methods for research, assessment and enforcement
purposes when these energy technologies come on line.
Consequences of Not Funding
EPA will be unable to do research on or assess the threat to public health
posed by a wide variety of energy related pollutants. These pollutants
cannot now be adequately measured. This will result in multi-year delays
in assessing the need for standards for these technologies before they
reach commercial development. Without appropriate calibration materials,
there can be no reliable basis for comparability between different measure-
ments, nor reasonable expectation of accuracy in measurements.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW'
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N155) HO. ORD MEDIA: Energy
Health Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants REG- APPRO:
B) LONG RANGE GOALS & MAJOR OBJECTIVES
The long-range goal of this interagency research program in health effects
of energy related pollutants is to assure that the health effects research
data (necessary) is developed on a schedule compatible with the development
and use of energy technologies.
The major objectives of the program are: (1) to provide the data base neces-
sary to develop reliable quantitative estimates of the health damage func-
tions (dose-effect relationships) for the occupational, general and
susceptible population groups that are appropriate for use to assess the
health impacts of any specified energy policy and (2) to provide guidance
to the developers of energy technology with regard to appropriate indices
for assessing the need for pollution control.
C) FY 78 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
*•
Screening
A repository was operated to provide and evaluate 108 samples
from 5 liquefaction processes, 2 coal gasification processes,
3 oil shale operations and A coal combustion facilities.
Samples (110) have been distributed to 22 different investigators.
- A synthetic fuels fracti-jnation and evaluation utilizing the
Ames mutagenic bicassay has indicated an increased biological
activity in the material as compared to conventional sweet crude.
The increased activity appears to be related to the presence of
aza-arenes in the shale oil.
- A symposium on the utility of short-term tests (non-mammalian
and mammalian) for evaluation of biological activity associated
with mixtures was held. It indicated the need for a massive
effort to address questions of accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and reliability of such systems before attempting to interpret
a positive/or negative response in terms of quantitative estimates
of risk.
o Development of more rapid and sensitive screens
- In vitro liver culture systems have been developed and are in the
evaluation stage.
- An assay for sulfitc in plasma has been developed which is
sensitive to 1 nanomole/ml. U2.L J
- Several multi-marker mammalian cell bioassay systems (CHO, SHE,)
have been developed for evaluation of single agents and appear to be
ndnptoble for n.ixtitrcs.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW -Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (11155) HQ 0RD MEDIA: Energy
Health Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants REG- APPRO:
- Computer automated pattern recognition paradigms have been
developed _and .appear to be useful behavioral testing procedures
for primates exposed to a variety of agents.
o Hazards Evaluations
- A portion of the final reports of studies on the toxicity of energy
related agents have been completed.
- A number of contributions were made to the development of a. blue
ribbon panel- report (Rail Committee) to the President on the
health impacts of increased coal utilization in response to the
President's request in his energy message.
- The concept of an interagency workshop to evaluate health and
ecological effects of advanced energy systems was developed and
implemented to respond to the President's request in his
environmental message.
D) FY 79 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
o Screening
- Evaluation of raw and drinking water suspected of contamination by
leachates from ash piles and sludges using non-validated (level 1)
bioassay screening systems.
- Evaluation of emissions from industrial combustors (emphasis on
organics - particulate and vapor phase) using invivo and invitro
bioassay systems.
- Evaluation of heavy metals using several different mammalian cell
bioassay test systems - emphasizing teratogenicity.
o Development of more rapid and sensitive bioassay screening systems
- Ascertain validity of invitro mutagenic/carcinogenic assays for
use in evaluation of hazards from energy-related wastes in
drinking water. ' •
- Develop bioassay screen for specific behavioral response sub-
sequent to exposure to mixtures of agents.
- Improvement in dosirnetry techniques for use in epidemiological/
chemical studies, e.g., detection of early changes in lung cell
cytology by flow systems analysis techniques.
01C -
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
)RM 1: DECISION UNIT OVERVIEW - Continued
A) DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N155) HQ ORD MEDIA: Energy
Health Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants REG. APPRO: R&D
o Mechanism Studies
- Modeling transfer to energy-related agents across placental barrier.
- Modeling deposition, metabolism and fate of inhaled organic coated
particulates.
- Developing information pertaining to interference (modification of
exchange rates) of intestinal absorption of essential nutrients by
cadmium and nickel.
- Modeling of damage and repair process of biological molecules—
primarily DNA by organic materials and their metabolites.
o Hazards Evaluation
- Evaluation of synergism of multiple stresses in the gas/aeresol
complex (organic particulates/NOx/SOx) in a well defined animal-
model.
- Development of risk assessment modeling techniques for extrapolation
for carcinogenic and systemic damage (pulmonary) biological end
points.
- Epidemiological studies of general populations impaired by drinking
waters contaminated by leachates from sludges/ash piles or abandoned
mines.
(Jit
EPA Form 2410-10 (8-78)
-------
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AL. PROTECTION AGENCY
RM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ
N155 HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS APPRDt p & D
B. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 78 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY PO INCR FY BO CUM
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
LEVEL OPFT i.O 1.0 1.0
01 OF 06 FTE 4.4 3.9 3,9
BUDGET AUTH, (000.0) 11,453.0 20,430.0 15,333,0 15,333.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. 'DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Activities
Complete funding for following tasks initiated in previous years:
o Support repository of energy-related pollutants at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory to provide uniform samples with known history to health effects
researchers.
o Determine significance of in vivo mutagen/carcinogen assays in use for
compounds in drinking waters impacted by coal development and utilization.
Development of short-term in vitro tests for nonmutagenic end points
(cardiovascular disease, developmental toxicologj7, renal function,
liver function) and validation of several in vivo models for energy-
related pollutants found in drinking water.
o In-depth epidemiological studies of specific diseases in identified target
regions (Eastern, Midwestern and Western) and populations affected
by coal development attempting to identify specific important etiologic
agents.
o In-depth epidemiological studies of general and sensitive populations to
compounds (organic constituents and specific ionic forms of detrimental
elements) which have been identified as suspect causes of chronic disease.
Emphasis is on coal-related contaminants in drinking waters.
DOE $1AM Million Transfer Activities
Animal toxicology studies at molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and whole
animal levels to identify hazardous fossil-fuel-related agents; to develop
rapid bioassay screens for assessing pulmonary dysfunction, pulmonary
carcinogenesis, pulmonary infection, cardiovascular dysfunction from
sulfates/SOx, nitrates/NOx and particulates; to develop rates and models
of incorporation, transport, transformation, fate and excretion; and to
develop dose-response relationship for specific animal models. (R2/16,19)
Multitechnology supporting studies in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and
terns damage which are directed to develop models of damage repair,
overy and amelioration which are necessary to estimate risks to humans
on the basis of animal data and to develop improved bioassay screens—
primaril'-' for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
LEVEL
1 or 6
POSITIONS PrT
OPFT
L FTE
BUDGET AUmfOC'O 0!
12,459
20,430
15,333
15.333
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (JJ155)
Health Effects of Energy-Related Pol
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA: Energy
APPRO:
C. RESOUnCc SUr.'.MAHY
FY 78 ACTUAL FY 79 C. EST. FY 80 INCR.
FY 80 CUM.
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Benefits of Funding
Funding at this level will provide a marginal effort to develop reliable
estimates of costs in human health which may result from a particular
energy policy.
Consequences of Not Funding
Failure to fund at this level will eliminate the interagency energy-related
health research program coordinated by EPA, and will place EPA in the position
of reneging on its obligation to OMB to support projects transferred
from OMB.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
2! DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
SIDN UNIT TITLE AND CODE HQ MEDJAj ENERGY
M! 55 HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS APPROj RID
3, RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 76 ACT FY 79 c. E. FY eo INCR FY eo CUM
POSITIONS PFT 2.0 3.0 i.o 3.0
LEVEL OPFT l.o l.o
02 OF Ob FTE «.a 5 4. a
BUDGET AUTH. (000.0) llr«53.0 20,430,0 5,054,0 16,387.0
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. 'DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING. • • .
ctivities
nitiate a new five-year interagency prograa in cooperation with NIEHS and
IOSH. The NIEHS program will be a series of long-term tasks to understand
he relationship between exposure to specific energy-related agents and
he following biological end points: mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, teratology,
eproductive sysfunction, behavioral toxicology, neurotoxicology, pulmonary
oxicology and toxicology of specific organs, cells and subcessular components.
n addition, the NIEHS program will attempt to develop an understanding and
.odels of the mechanisms and rates of incorporation, transport, transformation,
ace' and execution of energy-related agents in mammalian systems and to develop
.echniques to estimate the dose-response relationships for low-level exposures
~'' "~~tions of agents from data obtained from animal toxicology, cellular
and human health studies (epidemiology and/or clinical studies).
he KIOSH program will emphasize the epidemiological studies of occupational
•ersonnel in pilot facilities (coal conversion, solar systems). Medical
surveillance and development of work procedures manuals will be a major
;omponent of the NIOSH program.
-nitiate and completely fund the following new starts for EPA:
> Determine the health effects of whole emissions (particulate and gaseous)
from home heating or industrial combustion'systems using both in vivo and
in vitro biological models. Biological end points include pulmonary
morphology.
> Initiate an epidemiological study of the relationship between improvement
in air quality (primarily combustion effluent reduction) and the general
health of the population (the British experience).
> Develop rapid in vivo screens applicable to evaluate the teratologic
potential of energy-related agents ingested.
ienefits of Funding
runding -at this level will provide a marginal effort to develop reliable
'ites of costs in human health which may result from a particular energy
GICS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FORM 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
A. DECISION UNIT TITLE (AND CODE) (N155)
Health Effects of Energy-Related Pollutants
HQ ORD
REG.
MEDIA. Energy
APPRO:
R&D
B. RESOURCc SUMMARY
FY 78 ACTUAL FY 79 C EST. FY80INCR.
FY 80 CUM.
LEVEL
— 2-OF — 6-
POSITIONS PFTJ |
OPFT
FTE
BUDGET AUTH (000.0)
12,459 | 20,430
3,054
18,387
C. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS LEVEL ONLY. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS
OF FUNDING AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FUNDING.
Consequences of Not Funding
Failure to fund at this level will require termination of several of the
long-term animal toxicology and in-vitro screening validation studies
initiated during the previous years of the interagency program. This will
delay acquisition of the health effects data pertaining to the utility of
in-vitro screening and the capability for extrapolation of data obtained
from animal data to provide quantitative estimates of*-health risks.
This will, in turn, prevent providing reliable guidance regarding the
necessary controls for developing energy technologies.
OIL
EPA Form 2410-U (8-78)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
r — * 2: DECISION UNIT LEVEL ANALYSIS
_ 5ECISION UNIT TITLE AND CODE Htt MEUIAf ENERGY
NJ55 HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENRGY RELTD POLTNTS ftPPROi R 8, D
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B. RESOURCE SUMMARY FY 76 ACT FY 7
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