United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Research and Development
Environmental Research
Laboratory
Gulf Breeze FL 32561
October 1979
Middle Atlantic Region 3
6th and Walnut Sts
Philadelphia PA 19106
EPA 600 8 79-030 Program Report 1
v>EPA Chesapeake Bay Program
Summary of Projects
EPA Report Collection
Information Resource Centet
US EPA Region 3
Philadelphia, PA 19107
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EPA Report Number 600/8-79-030
October 1979
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
Project Summaries
"'"'•'-"- - ".; i /'gency
Contract Number 68-01-4144
Thomas B. DeMoss, Project Officer
Chesapeake Bay Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2083 West Street, Suite 2E
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
This summary was prepared in cooperation with
GE.OMET, Incorporated
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20760
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AND
MID ATLANTIC REGION III
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Chesapeake Bay Program, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
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\
I UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. GULF BREEZE
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
2O83 WEST STREET. ROOM 2E
ANNAPOLIS. MARYLAND 2 1 4O 1
FOREWORD
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is pleased to present you
an account of our research and management projects presently underway in
the Chesapeake Bay Program. This report covers currently funded projects
that are being conducted for the period from October 1, 1977 through
October 15, 1981 and should guide the reader to a better understanding of our
program. "The Chesapeake Bay Program - Project Summaries" is written in
nontechnical terms for the general public; it is designed to give the reader
an overview of the steps being taken by the CBP to identify and resolve some
of the Bay's water quality problems.
The report begins with an introductory statement on program authority,
funding, organizational structure, objectives and study areas. General
information on seven study areas follows. Specific features of all ongoing
research projects in each study area, including basic objectives, scientific
approach and expected products, comprise the main body of the text. Should
you desire more detailed information on any of these projects, please contact
the Project Officer cited in the report.
Any study program of this complex a nature requires the help and coopera-
tion of the public, Bay users, governmental (Federal, state and local) and
scientific communities. We are fortunate to be working in an environment
<*•
where these diverse sectors are pulling together to achieve a common goal —
a better Bay for present as well as future generations. The time and effort
they have given is greatly appreciated.
Tudor T. Davies
Program Director
iii
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TABLE. OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD iii
INTRODUCTION 1
PROJECT OFFICERS 4
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 6
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS 13
FUNDING SUMMARY 14
TOXICS PROJECTS
Introduction 20
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study - Sedimentology of
the Chesapeake Bay 21
Baseline Sediment Studies to Determine Distribution,
Physical Properties} Sedimentation Budgets and Rates 22
Chesapeake Bay Sediment Trace Metals 23
The Characterization of the Chesapeake Bay: A Systematic
Analysis of Toxic Trace Elements 24
Investigation of Organic Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay 25
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study - Interstitial Water
Chemistry 26
Sediment and Pore Water Chemistry 27
Monitoring Particle-Associated Toxic Substances and
Suspended Sediment in the Chesapeake Bay 28
(Continued)
v
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Fate, Transport and Transformation of Toxics: Significance
of Suspended Sediment and Fluid Mud 29
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study - Animal Sediment
Relationship 30
The Biogenic Structure of Chesapeake Bay Sediments 31
Investigation of the Chester River Oyster Mortality 32
Inventory and Toxicity Prioritization of Industrial
Facilities Discharging into the Chesapeake Bay Basin 33
SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION PROJECTS
Introduction 34
Distribution of Submerged Vascular Plants in the
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland - 1978 35
Distribution and Abundance of SAV in the Lower
Chesapeake Bay, Virginia - 1978 36
Distribution and Abundance of SAV in the
Lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia - 1979 37
Distribution of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation in
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland - 1979 38
Biostratigraphy of the Chesapeake Bay: A Feasibility Study 39
Biostratigraphy of the Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries 40
Zostera Marina; Biology, Propagation and Impact of
Herbicides 41
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay: Its Role
in the Bay Ecosystem and Factors Leading to Its Decline 42
The Functional Ecology of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in
the Lower Chesapeake Bay 43
(Continued)
vi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Studies on the Value of Vegetated Habitats and Their Roles
as Nursery Areas and Shelter From Predation with Emphasis
on Utilization by Commercially Exploited Species 44
Assessment of the Potential Impact of. Industrial Effluents
on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation 45
Effects of Recreational Boating Turbidity and Sedimentation
Rates in Relationship to Submerged Aquatic Vegetation 46
Factors Affecting and Importance of Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation in Chesapeake Bay 47
EUTROPHICATION PROJECTS
Introduction 48
Definition of Chesapeake Bay Problems of Excessive Enrich-
ment or Eutrophication 50
An Assessment on Nonpoint Source Discharge, Pequea Creek
Basin, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 51
Evaluation of Water Quality Management Tools in the Chester
River Basin 52
Intensive Watershed Study (Patuxent River Basin) 53
Evaluation of Management Tools in Two Chesapeake Bay
Watersheds in Virginia 54
Modeling Philosophy and Approach for Chesapeake Bay Program
Watershed Studies 55
Fall Line Monitoring of the Potomac, Susquehanna and James
Rivers 56
Assessment of Nutrients From Various Sources 57
Land Use and Point Source Nutrient Loading in the
Chesapeake Bay Region 58
(Continued)
vii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded)
Page
Chesapeake Bay Circulation Model 59
Water Quality Laboratory for Chesapeake Bay and Its
Subestuaries at Hampton Institute 60
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Introduction 61
Preparation of a Strategy and Plan of Action for Designing
the Research of Management Resources for the Chesapeake Bay
Area 62
Environmental Management in the Chesapeake Bay 63
STATE PARTICIPATION PROJECTS
Introduction 64
Development and Coordination of Technical Assessments,
Scientific Planning and Data Organization for the
Chesapeake Bay Program - State of Maryland 65
Data Organization, Technical Support and Coordination
for the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay
Program - Commonwealth of Virginia 66
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROJECTS
Introduction 67
Chesapeake Bay Program's Public Participation Program 68
Chesapeake Bay Program's Public Participation Program 69
DATA MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Introduction 70
Automated Data Processing Support for the Chesapeake
Bay Program 71
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA FORM 2220-1 72
viii
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INTRODUCTION
The Chesapeake Bay, one of the largest estuarine systems in the world,
encompasses some 7,000 miles of shoreline and a surface area of about
4,300 square miles. The Bay receives its major freshwater input from the
Susquehanna, Patuxent, Potomac, James and Rappahannock Rivers. It serves as
a recreational resource, home for oysters, crabs and fish, a source for
minerals and cooling waters, a channel or transportation link and a natural
assimiliative sink for waste disposal.
Recognizing that the Chesapeake Bay is a unique and fragile national
resource subject to heightened competition among potential users as Bay-area
populations continue to expand rapidly, the 94th Congress authorized EPA
to conduct an indepth study of the Chesapeake Bay to assess the principal
factors having adverse impacts on its environmental quality and to direct and
coordinate a program of research and abatement that will, efficiently address
those factors.
EPA implemented this initiative through the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP)
which is focused upon (1) identifying and improving governmental coordination
and participation, (2) coordinating pollution research to identify source,
transport, fate, physical properties and control alternatives, (3) developing
and maintaining a two-way dialogue with the Bay public to assure that the
Government is responsive to the interests of the citizens, and (4) directing
all phases of data management from collection through analysis and information
dissemination.
1
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In keeping with the traditional partnership atmosphere that has character-
ized the GBP from its outset, EPA and representatives from the State Water
Control Board in Virginia and the Water Resources Administration in Maryland,
along with Bay area citizens, met during October 1977 for a 3-day workshop to
define the future research areas for the Program. The purpose was to identify
Bay-area environmental problems and define a management structure for the Bay
Program that ensured the continued and full involvement of the State agencies
and the public throughout all phases of the Program.
The significant products of that intensive workshop were: (1) the
identification of 10 problem areas threatening the environmental health of
the Chesapeake Bay, and (2) the definition of a management structure that
includes EPA, State personnel and interested citizens on a hierarchical
series of committees and work groups that range from policy setting to
working staff level arrangements.
In the technical program areas, 10 major study areas were identified:
(1) High Priority
(a) Toxics
(b) Eutrophication
(c) Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
(2) Medium Priority
(a) Shellfish Bed Closure
(b) Fisheries Modification
(c) Dredging and Spoil Disposal
(d) Hydrologic Modifications
(3) Low Priority
(a) Wetlands Alteration
(b) Shoreline Erosion
(c) Water Quality Effects of Boating and Shipping.
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Because of funding limitations, the Program has, to date, focused upon
the high priority areas. They are described in more detail in the body of
the text. In addition to the program areas outlined, the separate category
of data management was funded to provide information storage/retrieval
services for all aspects of the Program.
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PROJECT OFFICERS
Lowell Bahner
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chesapeake Bay Program
2083 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
301/266-0077
William Cook
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chesapeake Bay Program
2083 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
301/266-0077
Thomas Pheiffer
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chesapeake Bay Program
2083 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
301/266-0077
Thomas DeMoss
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chesapeake Bay Program
2083 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
301/266-0077
Gregory McGinty
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chesapeake Bay Program
2083 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
301/266-0077
Thomas Nugent
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III
Chesapeake Bay Program
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
215/597-9872
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Anthony Donatoni
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III
Chesapeake Bay Program
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
215/597-9872
Donald Francisco
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
919/541-2547
Norbert Jaworski
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Mail Drop 60
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
919/541-2821
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PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
Name and Address
Ambrose, Robert
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30601
404/546-3546
Anderson, Dr. Richard R. 35
The American University
Washington, D.C. 20016
202/686-2177
*Bielo, Robert J. 51
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
Resource Quality Management and Protection
1721 North Front Street
Harrisburg, PA 17102
717/737-0501
Boesch, Dr. Donald F. 31, 43
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23668
804/642-2111
Boynton, Dr. W. R. 42
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
University of Maryland
Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies
Box 38
Solomons, MD 20688
301/326-4281
Bricker, Dr. Owen P. 26, 30
Maryland Geological Survey
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
301/827-8308
* Project Manager.
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Name and Address Page
Brush, Dr. Grace S. 39, 40
The Johns Hopkins University
Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering
34th and Charles Streets
Baltimore, MD 21218
301/338-8000
Cheung, Dr. Larry T. 60
Department of Chemistry & Physics, Room 223
P.O. Box 6552
Hampton Institute
Hampton, VA 23668
804/727-5249
Cooney, Dr. Joseph 32
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
University of Maryland
Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies
Box 38
Solomons, MD 20688
301/326-4281
*Cronin, Dr. L. Eugene 50
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.
1414 Forest Drive
Suite 207
Annapolis, MD 21403
301/263-0884
*Davis, Robert V. 54, 66
State Water Control Board
2111 N. Hamilton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
804/786-1414
Flanigan, Frances 69
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc.
6600 York Road
Baltimore, MD 21212
301/224-2740
Freeman, Dr. David 32
Department of Chemistry
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
301/454-4415
* Project Manager.
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Name and Address
Grason, David
U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Division
208 Carroll Building
8600 La Salle Road
Towson, MD 21204
301/828-1535
Gravatt, Dr. C. C. 24
Office of Environmental Management
Room A347
Chemistry Building
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D.C. 20234
301/921-3675
Grizzard, Dr. Thomas 54
Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory
8474 Centreville Road
P.O. Box 773
Manassas, VA 22110
703/631-0339
Gucinski, Hermann 46
Ocean Engineering Technology
Anne Arundel Community College
Arnold, MD 21012
301/647-7100
Hagerman, George M. 68
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc.
5 East Queen Way
Hampton, VA 23664
804/723-0774
Harrison, David 63
Environmental Law Institute
1346 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
202/452-9600
Heck, Dr. Kenneth L., Jr. 44
Benedict Estuarine Research Laboratory
Benedict, MD 20612
301/274-3134
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Name and Address Page
Heinle, Dr. Donald 50
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
University of Maryland
Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies
Box 38
Solomons, MD 20688
301/326-4281
Helz, Dr. George R. 23
University of Maryland
Chemistry Department
College Park, MD 20742
301/454-4850
Hopper, Thomas 33
GCA Corporation
Burlington Road
Bedford, MA
617/275-9000
Huggett, Dr. Robert J. 25
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
804/642-2111
Keene, Dr. John 62
University of Pennsylvania
3400 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
215/243-7880
Kemp, Dr. W. M. 42
Horn Point Environmental Laboratories
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, MD 21613
301/326-4281
Kerhin, Randall T. 21
Maryland Geological Survey
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
301/235-0771
24
Kingston, Dr. Howard
Office of Environmental Measurements
Room A347, Chemistry Building
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D.C. 20234
301/921-3674
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Name and Address
Laniak, Gerard
School of Public Health
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
919/966-1113
Macomber, Robert 38
c/o Chesapeake Bay Foundation
"The Church" - Prince George and East Streets
Box 1704
Annapolis, MD 21404
301/268-8816
Martin, Fant 47
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Migratory Bird & Habitat
Research Laboratory
Laurel, MD 20811
301/776-4880
Mason, Dr. Benjamin J. 58
GEOMET, Incorporated
15 Firstfield Road
Gaithersburg, MD 20760
301/948-0755
McErlean, Dr. Andrew 50
Horn Point Environmental Laboratories
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, MD 21613
301/228-9250
Merriner, Dr. John V. 43
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23602
804/642-2111
Nielson, Dr. Bruce 50, 54
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23602
804/642-2111
Nichols, Dr. Maynard 29
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
804/642-6210
Nye, William 63
Environmental Law Institute
1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
202/452-9600 10
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Name and Address Page
*->
Orth, Dr. Robert J. 36, 37, 41, A3
Department of Invertebrate Ecology
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
804/642-2111
Ryder, Russ 71
Computer Science Corporation
Applied Technology Division
6565 Arlington Boulevard
Falls Church, VA 22046
703/533-8877
Shubinski, Dr. Robert 59
Water Resources Engineers
8001 Forbes Place
Springfield, VA 22151
703/321-9393
Stevenson, Dr. J. Court 42
Horn Point Environmental Laboratories
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, MD 21613
301/228-8200
Taft, Dr. Jay 50
The Johns Hopkins University
Chesapeake Bay Institute
4800 Atwell Road
Shady Side, MD 20867
301/867-7550
Taylor, Dr. Walter 28
The Johns Hopkins University
Chesapeake Bay Institute
4800 Atwell Road
Shady Side, MD 20867
301/867-7550
Tyree, Dr. S.Y. 27
College of William and Mary
Department of Chemistry
Williamsburg, VA 23185
804/253-4673
Valentine, Walter 47
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Migratory Bird & Habitat
Research Laboratory
Laurel, MD 20811
301/776-4880
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Name and Address
Page
Walsh, Dr. Gerald E. 45
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
904/932-5311
Ward, Janice 51
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1107
Harrisburg, PA 17108
717/782-4514
Webb, Dr. Kenneth L. 43, 50
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23602
804/642-2111
Wetzel, Dr. Richard L. 43
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
804/642-2111
*White, Finch 56
U.S. Geological Survey
Water Resources Division
208 Carrol Building
8699 La Salle Road
Towson, MD 21204
301/828-1535
Williams, Professor Jerome 46
Oceanography Department
U.S. Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21412
301/267-3561
*Wilson, Howard 32, 52, 53, 65
State of Maryland
Department of Natural Resources
Water Resources Administration
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
301/269-3348
Ziegler, Dr. John M. 22
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
804/642-2111
Project Manager,
12
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PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS
Anne Arundel Community College
Benedict Estuarine Research Laboratory, Academy of Natural Sciences
Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns Hopkins University
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc.
College of William and Mary
Computer Science Corporation
Environmental Law Institute
GCA Corporation
GEOMET, Incorporated
Hampton Institute
Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, University of Maryland
Maryland Geological Survey
National Bureau of Standards
Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, VPI and State University
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
The American University
The Johns Hopkins University
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Naval Academy
University of Maryland, College Park
University of North Carolina
University of Pennsylvania
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Virginia State Water Control Board
Water Resources Administration, State of Maryland
Water Resources Engineers, Incorporated
13
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FUNDING SUMMARY*
Resources ($)
Project Title
(Page Number)
EPA
Share
Performing
Organization
Share
Total
TOXICS
Chesapeake Bay Earth $ 247,613
Science Study -
Sedimentology of the
Chesapeake Bay (21)
Baseline Sediment Studies 600,517
to Determine Distribution,
Physical Properties, Sedi-
mentation Budgets and Rates
(22)
Chesapeake Bay Sediment 143,765
Trace Metals (23)
The Characterization of the 150,000
Chesapeake Bay - A System-
atic Analysis of Toxic
Trace Elements (24)
Investigation of Organic 772,412
Pollutants in the Chesa-
peake Bay (25)
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science 341,054
Study - Interstitial
Water Chemistry (26)
Sediment and Pore Water 71,674
Chemistry (27)
Monitoring Particle- 119,592
Associated Toxic Sub-
stances and Suspended
Sediment in the
Chesapeake Bay (28)
$ 175,588
31,606
14,361
-0-
50,736
159,967
4,931
6,294
$ 423,201
632,123
158,126
150,000
823,148
501,021
76,605
125,886
* Includes currently funded projects being conducted during the period
10/01/77 through 10/15/81.
14
(Continued)
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FUNDING SUMMARY (Continued)
Project Title
(Page Number)
EPA
Share
Resources ($)
Performing
Organization
Share
Total
Fate, Transport and
Transformation of Toxics:
Significance of Suspended
Sediment and Fluid Mud
(29)
Chesapeake Bay Earth
Science Study - Animal
Sediment Relationship
(30)
The Biogenic Structure
of Chesapeake Bay
Sediments (31)
$ 197,879
$ 10,403
$ 208,282
117,473
76,587
46,653
8,065
SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION
Distribution of Submerged $ 137,397
Vascular Plants in
the Chesapeake Bay,
Maryland - 1978 (35)
Distribution and Abundance 68,681
of SAV in the Lower
Chesapeake Bay,
Virginia - 1978 (36)
Distribution and Abundance 18,436
of Submerged Aquatic Vege-
tation in the Lower
Chesapeake Bay - 1979 (37)
$ 9,022
4,066
1,214
164,126
84,652
Investigation of the Chester 83,750
River Oyster Mortality (32)
Inventory and Toxicity 83,356
Prioritization of Industrial
Facilities Discharging into
the Chesapeake Bay Basin (33)
Total Toxics Program $ 3,005,672
11,918
-0-
$ 520,522
95,668
83,356
$ 3,526,194
$ 146,419
72,747
19,650
(Continued)
15
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FUNDING SUMMARY (Continued)
Resources ($)
Project Title
(Page Number)
EPA
Share
Performing
Organization
Share
Total
Distribution of Submersed
Aquatic Vegetation in
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland -
1979 (38)
Biostratigraphy of the
Chesapeake Bay - A
Feasibility Study (39)
Biostratigraphy of the
Chesapeake Bay and Its
Tributaries (40)
Zostera marina; Biology,
Propagation and Impact
of Herbicides (41)
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
in the Chesapeake Bay: Its
Role in the Bay Ecosystem
and Factors Leading to Its
Decline (42)
The Functional Ecology of
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
in the Lower Chesapeake Bay (43)
Studies on the Value of
Vegetated Habitats and Their
Roles as Nursery Areas and
Shelter from Predation with
Emphasis on Utilization by
Commercially Exploited
Species (44)
Assessment of the Potential
Impact of Industrial Efflu-
ents on Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation (45)
$ 56,430
134,675
99,285
321,815
639,311
649,409
48,726
140,027
2,970
7,088
5,225
41,699
170,371
74,533
2,565
-0-
$ 59,400
141,763
104,510
363,514
809,682
723,942
51,291
140,027
(Continued)
16
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FUNDING SUMMARY (Continued)
Project Title
(Page Number)
Effects of Recreational
Boating Turbidity and
Sedimentation Rates in
Relationship to Submerged
Aquatic Vegetation (46)
Factors Affecting and
Importance of Submerged
Aquatic Vegetation in
the Chesapeake Bay (47)
Resources ($)
EPA
Share
$ 28,613
228,372
Performing
Organization
Share
-0-
-0-
Total
28,613
228,372
Total SAV Program
$ 2,571,117
$ 318,753
EUTROPHICATION
Definition of Chesapeake
Bay Problems of Excessive
Enrichment or Eutrophica-
tion (50)
An Assessment on Nonpoint
Source Discharge, Pequea
Creek Basin, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania (51)
Evaluation of Water
Quality Management Tools
in the Chester River
Basin (52)
Intensive Watershed Study
(Patuxent River Basin)
(53)
Evaluation of Management
Tools in Two Chesapeake
Bay Watersheds in Virginia
(54)
$ 360,411
191,002
543,340
452,340
999,240
$ 23,921
13,211
64,208
67,806
110,033
$ 2,889,870
$ 384,332
204,213
607,548
520,146
1,109,273
(Continued)
17
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FUNDING SUMMARY (Continued)
Resources ($)
Project Title
(Page Number)
EPA
Share
Performing
Organization
Share
Total
Modeling Philosophy and 50,431
Approach for Chesapeake
Bay Program Watershed
Studies (55)
Fall Line Monitoring of $ 423,000
the Potomac, Susquehanna
and James Rivers (56)
Assessment of Nutrients 15,000
from Various Sources (57)
Land Use and Point Source 20,308
Nutrient Loading in the
Chesapeake Bay Region (58)
Chesapeake Bay Circula- 249,949
tion Model (59)
Water Quality Laboratory 315,521
for Chesapeake Bay and
Its Subestuaries at
Hampton Institute (60)
-0-
$ -0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
16,606
50,431
$ 423,000
15,000
20,308
249,949
332,127
Total Eutrophication Program $3,620,542
$ 295,785
$ 3,916,327
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Preparation of a Strategy
and Plan of Action for
Designing the Research of
Management Resources for
the Chesapeake Bay Area
(62)
Environmental Management
in the Chesapeake Bay (63)
14,336
150,802
1,110
8,122
15,446
158,924
Total Environmental Manage-
ment Program $ 165,138
$ 9,232
$ 174,370
(Continued)
18
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FUNDING SUMMARY (Concluded)
Resources ($)
Project Title
(Page Number)
EPA
Share
Performing
Organization
Share
Total
STATE PARTICIPATION
Development and Coordina-
tion of Technical Assess-
ments, Scientific Planning
and Data Organization for
the Chesapeake Bay Program
State of Maryland (65)
Data Organization, Techni-
cal Support and Coordina-
tion for the Environmental
Protection Agency's Chesa-
peake Bay Program - Common-
wealth of Virginia (66)
$ 338,130
323,215
$ 18,670
36,600
$ 356,800
359,815
Total State Participation $ 661,345
$ 55,270 $ 716,615
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Chesapeake Bay Program's
Public Participation
Program (68)
Chesapeake Bay Program's
Public Participation
Program (69)
$ 283,407
383,704
$ 20,197
30,197
$ 303,604
413,901
Total Public Participation
Program $ 667,111
$ 50,394
$ 717,505
DATA MANAGEMENT
Automated Data Processing
Suppo-t for the Chesapeake
Bay T>rogram (71)
$ 167,000
-0-
$ 167,000
Tota, :'ata Management
Pr c ;am
TOT/ ROJECT FUNDING
$ 167,000
$10,857,925
$ -o-
$1,249,956
$ 167,000
$12,107, 881
19
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TOXICS PROJECTS
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TOXICS PROGRAM AREA
Toxic substances represent an obvious threat to the stability and
continued use of Chesapeake Bay resources. Recognition of the role of
toxics in the ecological health of the Bay system requires a thorough
understanding of the chemical, physical, and biotic dynamics that form the
total estuarine system. Definitive information on sources, pathways, and
fate of toxic substances is scarce, and where available, is usually limited
to specialized problems in restricted areas. The Chesapeake Bay Program is
filling this information gap by studying toxic substances from industrial,
agricultural and aerial sources and their behavior within the estuarine
system.
Accumulation of toxics in food chains and the potential health/economic
effects are a primary concern. The toxics study effort is addressing this
concern by developing a baseline inventory of the abundance and distribution
of toxics in the sediments, pore water, water column, and biota. Comprehensive
research tasks are being conducted to assess both natural and anthropogenic
sources of toxic chemicals in sediments, water, and biota and to determine
their rates of transport and transformation within the Chesapeake Bay
system. Identified problem areas will receive intensive investigation, and
study results will serve to delineate management options to reduce environ-
mental hazards.
20
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CHESAPEAKE BAY EARTH SCIENCE STUDY -
SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Randall T. Kerhin R805965
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Maryland Geological Survey Lowell Bahner
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $247,613 Begin - 7/24/78
Performing Organization End - 7/23/80
Share 175,588
TOTAL $423,201
OBJECTIVES:
This is a companion project of work being performed by the Virginia
Institute for Marine Science for Virginia waters under grant number R806001
(page 22). This project has three objectives: (1) determining the distribu-
tion and physical properties of Bay sediments, (2) identifying sites of
erosion and deposition in the Upper Bay, and (3) developing a total sediment
budget for the Bay. This study is concerned with the Maryland portion of the
Chesapeake Bay, and also provides a coordinating base for other Maryland
Geological Survey efforts in the Toxics Program.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Surficial sediment samples are collected from a 1 kilometer grid
network that spans the Maryland portion of the Bay. These samples are
analyzed for various physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics.
The field program is separated into two simultaneous operations: nearshore
(water depths less than 3 meters), and offshore (water depths in excess of
3 meters).
Comparisons between historical and contemporary bathymetric data for
this portion of the Bay will help identify areas of erosion/deposition by
mapping changes in water depth due to accumulation/removal of material.
PRODUCTS:
Study products include baseline mapping of sediment features, mapping
of erosional/depositional patterns, and a total sediment budget for the
Bay. Detailed features will be plotted at a scale of 1:20,000; regional
effects will be plotted at a scale of 1:40,000. Support documentation will
be available in both tabulated and computer-compatible forms.
21
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BASELINE SEDIMENT STUDIES TO DETERMINE DISTRIBUTION, PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES, SEDIMENTATION BUDGETS AND RATES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
John M. Ziegler
PROJECT NUMBER;
R806001
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Department of Geological Oceanography
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Lowell Banner
BUDGET;
EPA Share $600,517
Performing Organization
Share 31,606
TOTAL $632,123
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 7/10/78
End - 7/09/80
OBJECTIVES;
This is a companion project of work being performed by the Maryland
Geological Survey for Maryland waters under grant number R805965 (page 21).
This project has three objectives: (1) determining the distribution and
physical properties of Bay sediments, (2) identifying sites of erosion and
deposition in the Lower Bay, and (3) developing a total sediment budget for
the Bay. This study is concerned with the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake
Bay. It provides a coordinating base for other Virginia Institute of Marine
Science efforts in the Toxics Program.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Surficial sediment samples are collected from a 1 kilometer grid network
that spans the Virginia portion of the Bay. These samples are analyzed for
various physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. The field
program is separated into two simultaneous operations: nearshore (water
depths less than 3 meters), and offshore (water depths in excess of 3 meters).
Comparisons between historical and contemporary bathymetric data for
this portion of the Bay will help identify areas of erosion/deposition by
mapping changes in water depth due to accumulation/removal of material.
PRODUCTS:
Study products include baseline mapping of sediment features, mapping of
erosional/depositional patterns, and a total sediment budget for the Bay.
Detailed features are to be plotted at a scale of 1:20,000; regional effects
will be plotted at a scale of 1:40,000. Support documentation will be
available in both tabulated and computer-compatible forms.
22
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CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENT TRACE METALS
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
George R. Helz R805954
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemistry Lowell Bahner
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $143,765 Begin - 7/17/78
Performing Organization End - 7/16/80
Share 14,361
TOTAL $158,126
OBJECTIVES:
This project seeks to perform a geochemical survey of sediments in
select portions of the Chesapeake Bay that will: (1) establish the present
trace metal composition of Bay sediments, (2) allow estimation of the deposi-
tional flux of individual trace metals to the Bay bottom, and (3) permit
compilation of an improved trace metal mass balance.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Samples of surficial bottom sediment are secured along approximately
15 east-west traverses spaced equally along the entirety of the Bay. The
resulting sample set is analyzed for trace metal content via atomic absorption
spectrometry. Quality assurance techniques will reference all measurements
to the National Bureau of Standards industrial river sediment standard.
About 15 sediment cores from selected stations throughout the Bay will
be analyzed by Pb£lO deposition rate determinations. Vertical profiles of
trace elements are determined by plasma emission spectroscopy. These data
allow a cross-check of surface sediment analysis and also serve to establish
historical changes in the profile.
The bulk of sample collection is performed by the Maryland Geological
Survey, grant number R805965 (page 21) and the Virginia Institute of Marine
Science, grant number R806001 (page 22).
PRODUCTS:
Final products of this study include maps depicting the present chemical
quality of Bay sediments with respect to selected trace metals; a report
will discuss trace metal sources, transport and sinks in the light of experi-
mental findings.
23
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THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY: A SYSTEMATIC
ANALYSIS OF TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
C. C. Gravatt* EPA-79-D-X0717
Howard Kingston Interagency Agreement
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Office of Environmental Measurements Lowell Banner
Room A347, Chemistry Building
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D.C. 20234
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $150,000 Begin - 3/26/79
TOTAL $150,000 End -3/25/80
OBJECTIVES:
The objective is to provide analytical data to assist in determining
the concentrations of up to 12 trace elements in the waters of the Bay.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
Several methodologies (graphite furnace atomic absorption, isotope
dilution spark source spectrometry, neutron activation analysis) will be
used to identify and quantitate a variety of elements. Collection of samples
is on a regular 1 kilometer grid covering the entire Bay. Grid locations and
dates of sampling are coordinated with sampling operations of other projects
to obtain data of maximum value in developing a model of the Bay. At each
location both top and bottom samples will be taken and filtered to give
suspended particulate and dissolved metal samples. In addition discharges
into the Bay from the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers will be sampled to
provide data on sources and amounts of metals entering the Bay.
The elements chosen for initial work are copper, lead, zinc, cadmium,
manganese, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, tin, mercury, arsenic and selenium.
Additional samples will be collected at each site for storage in a
sample bank.
PRODUCTS:
Products include data on the concentrations of 12 key trace elements on
the top and bottom of the water column at precisely defined locations in the
Bay.
* Project Manager.
24
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INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert J. Huggett
PROJECT NUMBER:
R806012
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Ecology Pollution Department
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Lowell Banner
BUDGET;
EPA Share $772,412
Performing Organization
Share 50,736
TOTAL $823,148
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 7/17/78
End - 7/16/80
OBJECTIVES;
The objective of this project is to establish a system to detect,
identify, and quantify toxic organic compounds of significance in the water
column, :n sediments, and in mollusk tissues from the Chesapeake Bay.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The first year is devoted to technique development (chemical procedures,
apparatus, software development). Samples of sediment and raollusks are
collected once the first year and semiannually thereafter. Water samples are
collected twice the first year and seasonally thereafter. Sampling stations
are distributed throughout the Bay.
An online computer system performs the bulk of the data management
tasks. The gas chromatrographic/mass spectra data will contain information
on both identified components (i.e., those on the EPA consent decree priority
pollutants list) and unidentified components. The program takes note of both
classes of compounds, allowing assessment of accumulations of recognized
toxics and maintaining a capability to perceive alarming rates of increase in
other compounds that may force identificatioa and further action.
PRODUCTS:
Study results will include a baseline depiction of the abundance and
distribution of toxic organics in the water column, sediments, and mollusks
of the Bay system. Additionally, some previously unknown toxic organics may
be identified. Finally, the availability of a functioning surveillance
system for these toxic compounds will assist in making resource management
decisions.
25
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CHESAPEAKE BAY EARTH SCIENCE STUDY - INTERSTITIAL WATER CHEMISTRY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Owen P. Bricker
PROJECT NUMBER:
R805963
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Maryland Geological Survey
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Lowell Banner
BUDGET;
EPA Share $341,054
Performing Organization
Share 159,967
TOTAL $501,021
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 7/01/78
End - 6/30/80
OBJECTIVES;
Interstitial water is a vehicle by which trace metals, nutrients, and
soluble sediment constituents may be transported across the sediment/water
interface. The four major project objectives are: (1) characterization
of the composition as well as variations in the chemistry of interstitial
water as a function of sediment type and position along the salinity gradient,
(2) identification of sediment particle mineralogy, (3) interpreting the
reactions that occur between the solid phases and the interstitial waters
that control concentrations of dissolved species in the system, and
(4) determining the mechanisms as well as assessing the extent of transfer
across the sediment/water interface.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Approximately 100 sediment cores are being collected along a series of
east-west transects of the Bay. Each core yields 10 samples spaced evenly
over the topmost meter of sediment. Interstitial water is squeezed from each
of the samples. Residual (squeezed) mud is analyzed for carbon content,
sulfur content, and mineralogy^ Each interstitial water sample undergoes
electrode analyses (pH, Eh, pS~). The Maryland Geological Survey laboratory
analyzes each sample for trace metals, silica, and sulfate. Professor S.Y.
Tyree Jr., of the College of William and Mary (project number R805966, page 27),
performs analyses for alkalinity, major cations, and nutrients.
PRODUCTS:
This study will provide: (1) a baseline assessment of trace metals and
nutrients in the interstitial waters of Bay sediment, (2) an evaluation of
the significance of bottom sediment as a source of nutrients and metals to
the estuary, (3) data necessary to correlate sediment chemistry with metals
content of benthic fauna, and (4) data necessary to the modeling of trace
metal behavior in the estuarine environment.
26
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SEDIMENT AND PORE WATER CHEMISTRY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER:
S. Y. Tyree, Jr. R805966
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemistry Lowell Bahner
College of William and Mary
Williamsburg, VA 23185
BUDGET; PROJECT PERIOD;
EPA Share $ 71,674 Begin - 7/01/78
Performing Organization End - 9/30/80
Share 4,931
TOTAL $ 76,605
OBJECTIVES:
This project provides analytical support to the Interstitial Water
Chemistry Project (grant number R805963, page 26) by performing chemical
analyses on the pore water samples collected by the Maryland Geological
Survey.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Interstitial water samples will be assayed for ion concentrations of
chloride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate, sulfite, sodium, potassium,
ammonium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride and hydrogen carbonate (alkalinity).
Hydrogen carbonate is determined by an acid-base titration. All other ions
are determined by ion chromatography.
PRODUCTS:
Concentrations of each of the 13 critical ions will be assembled into
10-member vertical profiles for the 100 sediment cores of the Interstitial
Water Chemistry Project.
27
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MONITORING PARTICLE-ASSOCIATED TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Walter Taylor R805959
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Johns Hopkins University Lowell Banner
Chesapeake Bay Institute
4800 Atwell Road
Shady Side, MD 20867
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $119,592* Begin - 7/25/78
Performing Organization End - 7/24/80
Share 6,294
TOTAL $125,886
OBJECTIVES:
This project evaluates the role of suspended sediment on the budget of
toxic substances in the Chesapeake Bay. There are four major study objectives:
(1) to make a seasonal characterization (chemical, physical) of suspended
sediment in the water column in the main portion of the Bay and in selected
major tributaries, (2) to determine exchanges of particle-associated toxics
between selected tributaries and the main body of the Bay for average condi-
tions as well as for more extreme levels of river discharge, (3) to evaluate
various models of transport for particle-associated toxics, and (4) to
establish rates and patterns of movements and deposition of particle-associated
toxics.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Monthly field surveys provide data on suspended sediment concentrations
along the main axis of the Bay and at the mouths of major tributaries.
Quarterly cruises survey exchanges of sediment between tributaries and main
Bay as well as develop the relationships between suspended sediment and fluid
mud (coordinated with the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences' fluid mud
project number R806002, page 29). Basic measurements include: suspended
sediment concentration (optical, gravimetric), water temperature and salinity,
dissolved oxygen, particle carbon and nitrogen, elemental composition of
particulate matter, and chlorophyll-A concentrations.
PRODUCTS:
The project will result in an evaluation of suspended sediment as a
transporting agent for toxics. It will also identify sources and sinks of
toxics in various sediment types to aid quantification of the sediment
budget.
* Represents Ist-year funding of a 2-year project.
28
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FATE, TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF TOXICS: SIGNIFICANCE OF
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND FLUID MUD
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Maynard Nichols R806002
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION; EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Sedimentological Laboratory Lowell Bahner
Department of Geological Oceanography
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $197,879* Begin - 9/01/78
Performing Organization End - 8/31/80
Share 10,403
TOTAL $208,282
OBJECTIVES:
This study, which is a companion study of grant number R805959
(page 28), investigates the role of suspended sediment and fluid mud in the
fate of toxic metals in the Chesapeake Bay system. Of primary interest are:
(1) spatial and temporal patterns of toxic metals in suspended sediments,
(2) preferential states of suspended sediment (i.e., clay, organic matter,
etc.) for toxic metals, and (3) rates and routes of contaminant transport
from source to sink.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
A series of field observations will determine the Bay-wide distribution
of metal contaminants over a seasonal cycle of changing sediment influx and
saline mixing. Concentrations of selected metals are measured in the organic
and inorganic fractions of suspended material through the water column and in
near-bed fluid mud. Pertinent environmental measurements of salinity, pH,
turbidity, and dissolved oxygen are also taken. Mobility of suspensions and
contaminants at the mud/water interface are monitored over two tidal cycles.
PRODUCTS:
The study will produce an evaluation of the role of suspended sediments
and fluid mud in transporting toxics allied to sources and sinks and will
allow quantification of this portion of the sediment budget. The study will
also establish a baseline for documenting future accumulations and depletions
of toxic metals.
* Represents Ist-year funding of a 2-year project,
29
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CHESAPEAKE BAY EARTH SCIENCE STUDY - ANIMAL SEDIMENT RELATIONSHIP
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Owen P. Bricker R805964
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Maryland Geological Survey Lowell Bahner
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $117,473 Begin - 8/01/78
Performing Organization End - 7/31/80
Share 46,653
TOTAL $164,126
OBJECTIVES:
This study is concerned with the Maryland portion of the Bay and is
coordinated with a similar study being conducted by the Virginia Institute of
Marine Science (grant number R805982, page 31). This study investigates the
relationship of benthic fauna to bottom sediments and seeks to infer the role
of benthic fauna in augmenting the exchange of dissolved material across the
sediment—water interface.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The Maryland portion of the Bay will be surveyed for principal physical
and biogenic structures, sediments, benthic fauna, and characteristics of
the overlying water column. Boxcore samples of bottom sediments will undergo
a wide range of analyses (from standard chemical and physical tests to
X-radiography). These analyses will: (1) define the diversity and abundance
of the organisms, (2) relate specific animals to certain biogenic structures
(burrows, tubes, etc.), and (3) provide physical and chemical information on
the sediment.
PRODUCTS:
This study will provide a three-dimensional picture of the benthic
environment which, when correlated with the results of the interstitial water
projects, will provide a better picture of the role of benthic organisms in
the exchange of toxic-laden material across the sediment-water interface.
30
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THE BIOGENIC STRUCTURE OF CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR!S): PROJECT NUMBER;
Donald F. Boesch R805982
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Division of Biological Oceanography Lowell Bahner
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $ 76,587 Begin - 7/10/78
Performing Organization End - 7/09/80
Share 8,065
TOTAL $ 84,652
OBJECTIVES:
This study is concerned with the VirginLa portion of the Bay, and is
coordinated with a similar project being conducted by the Maryland Geological
Survey under grant number R805964 (page 30). This study investigates the
relationships of benthic fauna to bottom sedLments and infers the role of
benthic fauna in augmenting the exchange of dissolved material across the
sediment-water interface.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The Virginia portion of the Bay will be surveyed for principal physical
and biogenic structure, sediments, benthic fauna, and characteristics of
the overlying water column. Boxcore samples of bottom sediments will undergo
a wide range of analyses (from standard physical and chemical tests to
X-radiography). These analyses will: (1) define the diversity and abundance
of the organisms, (2) relate specific animals to certain biogenic structures,
and (3) provide physical and chemical information for the sediment,,
PRODUCTS:
This study will provide a three-dimensional picture of the benthic
environment of the Lower Bay which, when correlated with results of the
interstitial water project, grant number R805964 (page 30), will provide a
better picture of the role of benthic organisms in the exchange of toxic-laden
material across the sediment-water interface,,
31
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INVESTIGATION OF THE CHESTER RIVER OYSTER MORTALITY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Howard Wilson* R805976
David Freeman
Joseph Cooney
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Water Resources Administration Lowell Banner
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $ 83,750 Begin - 7/24/78
Performing Organization End - 7/23/79
Share 11,918
TOTAL $ 95,668
OBJECTIVES:
This project seeks to identify the causes of oyster mortality in the
Chester River.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The study is conducted in three concurrent parts: (1) Biotoxicity
assays are conducted at each potential point discharge source for toxics. A
3-1/2-month field program arrays a test population of oysters in the Chester
River; the test population is periodically compared to a control population.
A more detailed study employs direct exposure of crayfish and finfish to
effluents from suspected toxic discharge sources over a 96-hour period.
Patterns of morbidity and mortality are then used to locate effluents poten-
tially responsible for oyster mortality in the estuary. (2) Chester River
water, sediment, and shellfish are assayed, combining gas liquid chromatography
with mass spectrometric detection. (3) The role of tin (organic as well as
inorganic) as a contributor to oyster mortality is investigated by analyzing
water, sediment, and oyster tissues. Each sample is examined for tin by
atomic absorption spectrometry, for total viable aerobic bacteria, for
tin-resistant aerobic bacteria, and for ability to form organic tin compounds.
Bacterial cultures are analyzed for total organo tin compounds using atomic
absorption techniques.
PRODUCTS:
This study will attempt to locate and identify the agents causing the
anomalous oyster mortality and to develop control strategies to correct the
situation if appropriate.
* Project Manager. 32
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INVENTORY AND TOXICITY PRIORITIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL
FACILITIES DISCHARGING INTO THE CHESAPEAKE BAY BASIN
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Thomas Hopper 68-02-2607
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
GCA Corporation/Technology Division Donald Francisco
Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $ 83,356 Begin - 03/28/79
TOTAL $83,356 End -09/30/79
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this project is to identify industrial discharges of
toxic chemical effluents in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. A point source assess-
ment will be performed in order to determine the amount of wastewater effluent
discharged, and the identity and concentration of possible toxic materials in
respective effluent streams.
Both major and minor dischargers will be identified with respect to
industrial and chemical factors.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Industrial discharges into the Chesapeake Bay Basin in the states of
Virginia and Maryland will be studied. Each discharger will be identified by
NPDES permit number, location, basin, SIC code, discharge rate and mode of
discharge either direct or via a POTW.
A chemical inventory will be made of major dischargers located within
the fall line of the Chesapeake Bay.
PRODUCTS:
A priority list of discharges will be developed. An inventory of
constituents of each major effluent will be compiled in hardcopy and computer
magnetic tapes.
33
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SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION PROGRAM AREA
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) occupies an important position in
the ecology of the Chesapeake Bay system. SAV provides food, shelter,
habitat and breeding areas for finfish, shellfish, waterfowl and species of
the lower trophic levels. SAV beds act as sediment traps and wave breakers
that serve to improve bottom stability, reduce turbidity and retard shoreline
erosion. In recent years there has been a sharp decline in the abundance of
SAV in the Bay system; this has caused alarm because it seems to correlate
wLth the overall ecological health of the Bay and may be an indicator of
significant environmental damage to the Bay system.
A management plan for SAV must await a clear definition of the cause-and-
effect relationships that bear upon the problem. To this end, the Chesapeake
Bay Program is addressing the Impact of water quality factors upon SAV and
those living resources known or suspected to be dependent upon SAV. Study
products will identify, and where possible quantify, important ecosystem
functions that SAV performs in the Bay system. These results will provide
the knowledge base from which water quality management alternatives will be
developed for the enhancement of SAV and associated living resources.
34
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SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION PROJECTS
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DISTRIBUTION OF SUBMERGED VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE
CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARYLAND - 1978
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Richard R. Anderson R805977
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Biology William Cook
The American University
Washington, D.C. 20016
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $137,397 Begin - 6/01/78
Performing Organization End - 1/31/80
Share 9,022
TOTAL $146,419
OBJECTIVES:
This study, a companion project of grant number R805951 (page 36), seeks
to (1) establish an inventory of SAV distribution and species concentration
in Maryland waters, and (2) assess the usefulness of archival aerial photog-
raphy for estimating trends in distribution and abundance in the Bay.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
Aerial photography and photointerpretation are utilized to establish a
data baseline. Photographs of the submerged aquatic vegetation are taken to
match the United States Geological Survey's quad sheet scale of 1:24,000
and quality control is assured by consideration of the following factors:
(1) SAV growing season, (2) turbidity, (3) atmospheric haze, (4) wind condi-
tions, (5) sun angle, and (6) tide stage. Field samples are collected to
provide ground truth verification of the photointerpretation process.
PRODUCTS:
Study products include: (1) a current inventory of SAV in Maryland
waters in the form of maps showing distribution of SAV with species annotation,
and (2) an assessment of trends in SAV populations in selected areas where
usable historic photography is available.
35
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF
SAV IN THE LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA - 1978
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s): PROJECT NUMBER:
Robert J. Orth R805951
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Invertebrate Ecology William Cook
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $68,681 Begin - 6/01/78
Performing Organization End - 8/15/79
Share 4,066
TOTAL $72 ,747
OBJECTIVES:
There are three project objectives: (1) to map the present distribution
of SAV beds in the saline portions of the Bay in Virginia, (2) to determine
changes in SAV distribution in parts of the Lower Bay over a 40-year period,
and (3) to map SAV distribution in selected freshwater portions of the
subestuaries. A companion study (grant number R8055977, page 35) is being
conducted by The American University.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Mapping of present distributions is performed from aerial photography
of all SAV beds in the saline Lower Bay at a scale of 1:24,000. A single
demonstration study of freshwater species of SAV in selected turbid freshwater
portions of the subestuaries is included. Species differentiations and
environmental conditions are verified through surface examinations of represen-
tative SAV beds utilizing skindiving observations on selected transects.
Historical aerial photography for a maximum of six saline areas and possible
freshwater areas, obtained for years from 1937 to 1977, is compared with the
new photography to assess trends.
PRODUCTS;
Products include a report and a series of maps of the Lower Chesapeake
Bay showing: (1) present distribution and abundance of SAV, (2) acres of SAV
in the Lower Chesapeake Bay, and (3) trends of historical SAV changes in
selected areas.
36
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SUBMERGED AQUATIC
VEGETATION IN THE LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY - 1979
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Robert J. Orth X-003201-01
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Invertebrate Ecology Thomas Nugent
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $18,436* Begin - 6/01/79
Performing Organization End - 5/31/81
Share 1,214
TOTAL $19,650
OBJECTIVES:
This project continues the research of grant number R805951 (page 36)
and will: (1) identify those areas in the Lower Chesapeake Bay that contain
stands of SAV with emphasis on the saline regions, (2) obtain high-quality
aerial imagery of those areas that contain significant SAV, (3) delineate SAV
species type and distribution in areas which have dense SAV, and (4) determine
if significant alterations have occurred in comparison to the similar study
conducted in 1978. This work is similar to work performed by the Chesapeake
Bay Foundation (grant number X-QO-3202-01, page 38) for the Maryland portion
of the Bay.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The survey will be conducted in two phases. The initial phase will
survey the Lower Bay to identify areas containing SAV. Areas with significant
coverage (greater than 10 percent) will be noted for inclusion in the second
stage. The second stage will photograph the SAV in the significant zones at
an image scale of 1:24,000. Corroborative surface missions will be conducted
in areas shown to have SAV coverage in excess of 40 percent. Species present,
abundance, sediment type, and salinity will be recorded. Representative
specimens will be submitted to the National Herbarium for confirmation of
species. Data will be mapped on USGS topographic quadrangles, and the area
of SAV beds computed. The 1979 data will be compared to data collected in
1978 to identify changes in SAV distribution and will aid in the design of
the 1980 distribution and abundance project.
PRODUCTS;
Study products include maps of SAV for 1979 with supporting documentation
and changes in SAV that have occurred between 1978 and 1979.
* Represents Ist-year funding of a 2-year project.
37
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DISTRIBUTION OF SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION
IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARYLAND - 1979
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Robert J. Macomber X-003202-01
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Chesapeake Bay Foundation Thomas Nugent
"The Church"
Prince George & East Streets
Box 1704
Annapolis, MD 21404
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $56,430* Begin - 6/15/79
Performing Organization End - 4/15/81
Share 2,970
TOTAL ,..$59,400
OBJECTIVES:
This study largely continues the activities of grant number R805977
(page 35). The two project objectives are: (1) to establish a 1979 inventory
of SAV distribution and species concentration in Maryland waters, and (2) to
compare 1979 with 1978 SAV inventory for identification of gross change in
SAV distribution and abundance. The companion study to this project is grant
number X-003201-01 (page 37).
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
Aerial reconnaissance will be conducted to identify areas that are
significantly vegetated. Photographs will be taken of significantly vegetated
areas at a scale of 1:24,000. SAV distribution and abundance maps will be
developed for areas showing significant change from the 1978 inventory.
Quality control will be assured by consideration of the following factors:
(1) SAV growing season, (2) turbidity, (3) atmospheric haze, (4) wind conditions,
(5) sun angle, and (6) tide. Field samples will be collected to provide
ground verification of the photointerpretation process. The results of this
inventory and subsequent comparison with the 1978 study will assist in
designing the 1980 distribution and abundance project.
PRODUCTS:
Project results will include: (1) a current inventory of SAV in Maryland
waters in the form of maps with species annotation, of areas showing significant
distribution changes of SAV since 1978, and (2) an estimate of trends in SAV
populations from 1978 to 1979.
* Represents Ist-year funding of a 2-year program.
38
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Grace S. Brush R805962
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION; EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Department of Geography & Thomas Nugent
Environmental Engineering
The Johns Hopkins University
34th and Charles Streets
Baltimore, MD 21218
BUDGET; PROJECT PERIOD;
EPA Share $134,675 Begin - 07/01/78
Performing Organization End - 10/31/79
Share 7,088
TOTAL $141,763
OBJECTIVES:
The project investigates the feasibility of obtaining scientific infor-
mation for Chesapeake Bay management from stratigraphic analysis of sediments.
Changes in SAV populations, eutrophication, and sedimentation rates are
defined over past time periods of a few hundred years or more and correlated
with natural events and human activity.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Core samples of Bay sediments, 5 centimeters in diameter and up to
2 meters in length, are collected from undisturbed locations in three parts
of the Bay; Susquehanna flats and Furnace Bay in the Upper Bay, Eastern Bay
in the mid-Bay region, and Hungar's Creek on the Eastern Shore at the Lower
Bay. The cores are examined to determine the most appropriate fossil indica-
tors of SAV and eutrophication. Cores are split for analyses which will
provide for extraction of SAV fossils, and for analyses for total organic
carbon, sedimentary chlorophyll, pollen and diatoms. Cores taken from the
Bay proper are split and analyzed by pollen and Pb2io to compare the dating
methods. Historical and meteorological dates are compiled for correlation
with data obtained from the core analyses. The present study is considered
to be a feasibility study for a more detailed program, grant number R806680
(page 40). The effort also includes the design of a statistically reliable
sampling procedure for further work.
PRODUCTS:
Results of the project include vertical profile descriptions of SAV.
populations, biomass and sedimentation rates for the period of time covered
by the extracted cores. There will be a report describing methodologies and
correlating the data on long-term changes in SAV, eutrophication and sedimen-
tation rates to natural events (such as hurricanes) and to man's impact on
the Bay during these periods.
39
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER:
Grace S. Brush R806680
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Geography & Thomas Nugent
Environmental Engineering
The Johns Hopkins University
34th and Charles Streets
Baltimore, MD 21218
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $ 99,285 Begin - 11/01/79
Performing Organization End - 08/31/81
Share 5,225
TOTAL $104,510
OBJECTIVES:
This project expands the work done by the feasibility study conducted
under grant number R805962 (page 39). The project will study the natural
cycles of SAV and diatom populations over several hundred years, and correlate
deviations from these cycles resulting from human impacts or natural events.
Sedimentation rates will be studied and relationships to the natural events
and land use changes will be established.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Core samples of Bay sediments, 5 centimeters in diameter and up to
2 meters in length, collected from undisturbed locations in four areas of the
Bay are to be examined for fossil indicators of SAV and eutrophication. The
cores are split for analysis of SAV fossils, total organic carbon, pollen and
diatoms. Historical and meteorological data are to be compiled for correlation
with core data. Bay sediment samples will be collected from the Patuxent and
Choptank subestuaries in the Upper Bay, and the York and Ware subestuaries in
the Lower Bay. Additional long cores (~12 m) will be analyzed from two
locations - one in the Upper Bay and one in the Lower Bay - to compare
changes in pre- and postsettlement core sections.
PRODUCTS:
There will be a report describing methodologies and relating the data
on long-term changes in SAV, eutrophication and sedimentation rates to
natural events and to man's impact on the Bay during these periods. Data
will be computerized showing vertical profile descriptions of SAV populations,
eutrophication and sedimentation rates for the time periods covered by the
extracted cores.
40
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ZOSTERA MARINA:
BIOLOGY, PROPAGATION AND IMPACT OF HERBICIDES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert J. Orth
PROJECT NUMBER:
R805953
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION:
Department of Invertebrate Ecology
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Nugent
BUDGET;
EPA Share $321,815
Performing Organization
Share 41,699
TOTAL $363,514
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 7/17/78
End - 1/15/81
OBJECTIVES;
This project is aimed at developing a technology for establishing and
propagating eelgrass (Zostera marina) and for determining the impact of
herbicides on the grass. A subobjective is the definition of biological and
cultural factors affecting eelgrass propagation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Research into the biology and propagation of eelgrass is conducted
through field studies and sampling of beds on the eastern and western shore
of the Lower Bay, including biomass measurements and in-situ seed germination
experiments. Laboratory, greenhouse and field studies are made to determine
optimal procedures for storing and germinating seeds, culturing seedlings and
transplanting seedlings and wild plants. The effects of herbicides on eel-
grass are studied through field investigations of herbicide (atrazine in
particular) levels in selected Virginia Bay eelgrass areas, especially during
and after storm surges. There will be an investigation of controlled dosing
of eelgrass beds with herbicides in specially constructed enclosures. Rela-
tions between herbicide loadings and natural suspended sediments are also
investigated. Sublethal effects of herbicides will be investigated at the
physiological level.
PRODUCTS;
The project will result in a set of computer-stored data, compatible
with other SAV data in the Chesapeake Bay Program. A report will be prepared
containing a thorough discussion of methodologies, project results and the
implications of the results for the Bay ecosystem.
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SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY: ITS ROLE
IN THE BAY ECOSYSTEM AND FACTORS LEADING TO ITS DECLINE
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER:
J. Court Stevenson R805932
W. M. Kemp
W. R. Boynton
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION; EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
University of Maryland Thomas Nugent
Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies
Horn Point Environmental Laboratories
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, MD 21613
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share ,.$639,311 Begin - 07/15/78
Performing Organization End - 12/14/80
Share 170,371
TOTAL $809,682
OBJECTIVES:
Project objectives are: (1) to identify toxicity and stress levels of
herbicides, turbidity and their synergistic effects on SAV, (2) to examine
critical pathways and mechanisms of herbicides and turbidity in relation to
SAV, (3) to identify the ecological function of SAV, (4) to evaluate economic
and energetic costs and benefits of various watershead practices, (5) to
develop nutrient, sediment and herbicide budgets for the Patuxent and Choptank
subestuaries, and (6) to evaluate management options for controlling causative
factors in the decline of SAV.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
This project proceeds from microscale to macroscale studies at four
levels: (1) microcosmic laboratory studies of impacts of turbidity, herbicides
and nutrients on SAV, (2) similar studies in eight specially constructed
1/8-acre ponds, (3) field sample collection and investigation of SAV-environment
relations of representative Bay sites, and (4) regional studies to investigate
land use/pollutant interactions, simulating them mathematically in a model of
the environmetal decisionmaking process. The hierarchical approach of this
project allows for collection and interpretation of data and testing of
hypotheses in situations of increasing realism and increasing complexity.
PRODUCTS:
The project will attempt to: (1) determine the factors leading to the
decline of SAV in the Bay, (2) describe the dependence of commercially
valuable Bay animal species upon SAV, and (3) result in an ecological model
of SAV that accounts for changes in its distribution and abundance in the
Bay. SAV management options will be evaluated, based upon watershed utiliza-
tion practices in the Choptank and Patuxent subestuaries.
42
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THE FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY-OF SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION
IN THE LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s): PROJECT NUMBER;
Richard L. Wetzel Donald F. Boesch R805974
Robert J. Orth Kenneth L. Webb
John V. Merriner
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION; EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Virginia Institute of Marine Science Thomas Nugent
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
BUDGET; PROJECT PERIOD;
EPA Share $649,409 Begin - 07/01/78
Performing Organization End - 12/31/80
Share 74,533
TOTAL $723,942
OBJECTIVES:
This project will qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the
functional ecological relationships in submerged seagrass communities in the
Lower Chesapeake Bay. The resulting data and experimental approaches should:
(1) enhance basic understanding, and (2) establish criteria for environmental
assessment.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The project is divided into 4 subgroups. These subgroups are: (1) pro-
ductivity, nutrient cycling and associated microbial metabolic activity
in eelgrass communitites, (2) interaction involving resident consumers,
(3) higher level consumer interactions, and (4) ecosystem modeling. The
approach is experimentally oriented to quantify and describe processes that
determine overall biotic community behavior. The research will use a team
approach concentrating on a single site for intensive study. The resulting
collection of studies will generate data to assist in designing simulation
studies. These, in turn, will be used to evaluate specific interactions in
relation to overall system dynamics.
PRODUCTS:
Anticipated products include: (1) quantification of the relative
resource value of SAV habitats, (2) knowledge of how SAV communities interact
with the entire Bay ecosystem, (3) determination of the use of SAV habitats
by fish and wildlife of importance to man, (4) understanding of the life-
support processes which underlie the resource values, and (5) understanding
of the effects of loss of SAV habitats on Bay resources.
A final report will also include a detailed description in tabular and
graphic form of: (1) conceptual and simulation model versions, (2) data
requirements and output characteristics as well as sensitivity analysis of
each version, and (3) identification of controlling or governing parameters
and perturbation studies.
43
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STUDIES ON THE VALUE OF VEGETATED HABITATS AND THEIR ROLES AS
NURSERY AREAS AND SHELTER FROM PREDATION WITH EMPHASIS ON
UTILIZATION BY COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED SPECIES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Kenneth L. Heck, Jr. R806151
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Academy of Natural Sciences of Thomas Nugent
Philadelphia
Benedict Estuarine Research Laboratory
Benedict, MD 20612
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $48,726 Begin - 08/01/78
Performing Organization End - 12/31/80
Share 2,565
TOTAL $51,291
OBJECTIVES;
This project seeks to test the hypothesis that beds of SAV (1) contain
significantly larger number of invertebrates than adjacent unvegetated areas,
(2) harbor significantly greater concentrations of juveniles of commercially
valuable fishes and grass shrimp, and (3) serve as shelters for juvenile
fishes and grass shrimp where predator efficiency is lower than in unvegetated
areas.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The approach is divided into two categories: (1) repetitive day and
night field sampling of vegetated and nonvegetated sites arid (2) laboratory
tank experiments using known numbers of grass shrimp and a predator in SAV
planted in bare sand (control) tanks.
Sampling locations and nearby control sites have been established in a
high salinity Zostera marina meadow near the mouth of the York River in
Virginia and in a lower salinity Ruppia marltima meadow near Parson's Island,
Maryland. Day and night trawls have been taken in the Maryland and Virginia
test and control sites.
The laboratory experiment utilizes two large (236 gallon) tanks to
establish predator efficiency. An additional series of identical experiments
will be carried out using artificial SAV to determine whether nonliving
sources may provide protection for grass shrimp.
PRODUCTS:
The products will include data and graphs of abundance, species richness
and size-frequency distributions at each of the sampling sites. __. Estimates of
the degree of protection from predation provided by different densities and
species of SAV will also be developed.
44
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ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS ON
SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Gerald E. Walsh
PROJECT NUMBER;
In-house
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Nugent
BUDGET;
EPA Share $140,027
TOTAL $140,027
PROJECT PERIOD:
Begin - 7/10/78
End - 7/09/79
OBJECTIVES:
This project assesses the potential impact of industrial effluents and
the combination of industrial effluents and herbicides on SAV. Since little
is known about the toxicity of industrial wastes to marine organisms, the
study is to determine for selected effluents, what fraction, organic or
inorganic, contains the toxic factor.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
Waste samples collected in the Bay were shipped by air and received at
the Gulf Breeze Laboratory the same day. Tests were begun immediately for
chemical and biological assays. Complex waste samples were passed through an
XAD resin column to remove dissolved organic matter. The purged, inorganic
fraction was then subfractioned into heavy and nonheavy metal portions using
Dowex strongly basic anion and cation exchange resins. Bioassays were
subfractionated into compounds extractable with acetone under acidic, basic
and neutral conditions.
Test species were: Zostera marina, Thalassia testudinum, and Skeletonema
costatum. SAV's were exposed to the toxicants in a 4-liter reaction kettle
fitted with a false bottom. Seagrass planted in sand in the kettles were
then observed after exposure to waste concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and
100 percent.
PRODUCTS;
The project produces empirical data which will be useful in assessing
the impact of effluents on SAV.
45
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EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL BOATING ON TURBIDITY AND SEDIMENTATION
RATES IN RELATIONSHIP TO SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Jerome Williams
Hermann Gucinski
PROJECT NUMBER;
EPA-78-D-X0426
Interagency Agreement
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Department of Oceanography
U.S. Naval Academy
Annapolis, Maryland 21402
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Nugent
BUDGET;
EPA Share $28,613
TOTAL $28,613
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 07/01/78
End - 10/30/79
OBJECTIVES;
This project has two primary objectives: (1) to determine if small-craft-
induced water turbulence leads to measurable increases in suspended sediment
and to determine the preferred measurement techniques, and (2) to determine
the effects of recreational boating on suspended sediments.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Sediment resuspension due to small craft induced water motion was
measured by: (1) gravitation analysis of suspended sediment, (2) light
extinction as measured by photometer and (3) light scattering as measured by
transmissiomter. Effects due to vessel passage were compared to values
obtained prior to vessel passes at several locations, primarily on the Rhode
River, Upper Chesapeake Bay, and chosen to allow changing one variable at a
time. Variables include water depth, sediment type, and boar type.
Laboratory measurements were made to determine average velocity and
turbulence intensity due to propeller effects alone, and results will allow
an estimate of the Reynold's stress. This stress, when combined with data on
critical stresses for sediment resuspension, may allow prediction of the
stress distribution as a function of depth and propeller immersion. Measure-
ments were made using open channel flume, a laser-Doppler anemometer, and
Fourier analyzer.
Recreational boating effects on suspended sediments were determined by
comparison of controlled and uncontrolled shallow estuarine environments.
Water transparency was measured by: (1) gravimetric determination of suspended
solids, (2) determination of beam transmittance, and (3) use of the Sechi
Disc.
PRODUCTS:
The products include data correlating the effects of small craft passage,
recreational boating (waterskiing), weather, and tidal current on suspended
sediment, as well as the subsequent effect of suspended sediment on SAV.
46
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FACTORS AFFECTING AND IMPORTANCE OF SUBMERGED
AQUATIC VEGETATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s):
Fant Martin*
Walter Valentine
PROJECT NUMBER;
EPA-78-D-X0391
Interagency Agreement
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Migration Bird and Habitat
Research Laboratory
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Laurel, MD 20811
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Nugent
BUDGET;
EPA Share $228 ,372
TOTAL $228,372
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 8/01/78
End - 9/30/80
OBJECTIVES;
The project will (1) determine the relationship of SAV to migratory
waterfowl in the Bay, and (2) prepare a synthesis of data on SAV and intepret
the role of SAV in the Bay ecosystem.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Historic data on migratory waterfowl habitat and feeding patterns will
be compiled. Current distribution and feeding patterns will be evaluated
through aerial surveys and surface verification. The approach for the second
objective will involve a variety of graphical and statistical analyses of
data collected by CBP/SAV researchers, detailed discussions of research
results, and comparisons of these results with current and past research done
outside the CBP.
PRODUCTS:
The project will result in: (1) an analysis of the historic and present
correlations between migratory waterfowl and SAV, (2) a synthesis, integration
and interpretation of the results of all the SAV projects, including: a
detailed description of the structure and dynamics of SAV-based ecosystems;
the ecological and economic importance of SAV; trends in the distribution and
abundance of SAV in space and time; likely causes of declines in SAV distribu-
tion and abundance and the conditions conducive to growth of SAV; management
implications of the research findings.
* Project Manager.
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EUTROPHICATION PROJECTS
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EUTROPHICATION PROGRAM AREA
The process of nutrient enrichment, frequently called eutrophication,
was first used to describe an advanced state in a natural process of aging
and succession in freshwater lakes. Eutrophic means "well nourished" or
enriched in dissolved nutrients and generally implies high productivity as
well. Excessive enrichment occurs when the resulting aquatic conditions
preclude some potential use, thereby having undesirable consequences. Such
an excess can arise from either natural or cultural causes. Enrichment in
estuaries can have both subtle and gross effects which are distinctly different
from those which occur in freshwater systems.
The undesirable effects of eutrophication in an estuarine environment
are much better understood than the possible desirable effects. It is amply
documented that reduced levels of dissolved oxygen have occurred in the Upper
Bay and its headwaters. It is also well known that undesirable algal species
have started to displace desirable species which serve as food for higher
organisms in some of the Bay's principal tributaries. However, little is
known about the contribution of nutrient enrichment to possibly higher yields
of finfish and shellfish and other products derived by man from the Chesapeake
Bay system.
Even if it were possible to assume that the undesirable effects of
eutrophication by far outweigh its contribution, the program is still faced
with the problem of devising cost-effective control strategies for nutrients.
48
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This however requires a thorough understanding of nutrient sources, particu-
larly quantification of the relative contribution of point and nonpoint
sources.
This program is designed to take a new look at the eutrophication
question and to assure that eutrophication does not interfere with a maximi-
zation of beneficial uses of the Chesapeake Bay system. Presumably, if
eutrophication is controlled, society will receive some possible long-range
benefit. A higher level of nutrient control should result in more benefits;
however, higher control levels have greater costs. The costs to implement
the particular control strategy should be justified by the benefits derived
from reducing the eutrophication level.
49
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DEFINITION OF CHESAPEAKE BAY PROBLEMS OF
EXCESSIVE ENRICHMENT OR EUTROPHICATION
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S);
L. Eugene Cronin* Donald Heinle
Bruce Nielson Kenneth Webb
Andrew McErlean Jay Taft
PROJECT NUMBER;
R806189
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Chesapeake Research Corporation
1419 Forest Drive
Suite 207
Annapolis, MD 21403
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Pheiffer
BUDGET;
EPA Share $360,411
Performing Organization
Share 23,921
TOTAL $384,332
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 10/16/78
End - 10/15/80
OBJECTIVES;
The objectives of this program are: (1) to provide a summary of the
fundamentals of nutrient enrichment as related to the Chesapeake Bay specif-
ically and estuaries in general, (2) to describe nutrient enrichment of the
Bay from a historical as well as contemporary perspective, (3) to apply and
improve existing indicators and indices for nutrient enrichment for the Bay,
(4) to explore and express the relationships between the nutrient enrichment
and the consequences in the ecosystem as well as to Bay users, and (5) to
define the related needs for future research and monitoring of conditions in
the Chesapeake Bay.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The project workplan calls for an extensive literature survey, a thorough
examination of historical data, and a critical evaluation of. indexing approaches.
A March 1979, workshop, followed by the "International Symposium on the Effects of
Nutrient Enrichment in Estuaries" (May 1979), will serve to develop a primary
reference document on the subject.
PRODUCTS:
The products of this study include a concise definition of the process of
eutrophication in the estuarine environment and a "Status of the Bay" report
giving both.historical and present eutrophication trends. Data gaps, research
needs and monitoring requirements will be identified.
* Project Manager.
50
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AN ASSESSMENT OF NONPOINT SOURCE DISCHARGE, PEQUEA CREEK
BASIN, LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert J. Bielo*
Janice Ward
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
1721 North Front Street
Harrisburg, PA 17102
PROJECT NUMBER;
X-003146-01
X-003146-02
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas-Pb«A.££ar
BUDGET;
EPA Share.... (1st year)...$ 35,000
(2nd year)... 156,002
Performing Organization
Share ...... (1st year)... 5,000
(2nd year)... 8,211
TOTAL ..................... $204,213
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 10/01/77
End - 03/31/81
OBJECTIVES;
The project includes detailed investigations of sediment, nutrient, and
pesticide loadings in the surface waters of the Pequea Creek Basin. The
project is one of fout evaluating five watersheds in Maryland, Virginia and
Pennsylvania. Emphasis will be on obtaining runoff rates from the various
land use categories in this Basin, a high yielding agricultural area of the
lower Susquehanna River.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
The established pattern of data collection in the study area Ls to be
continued. The automated sampling station at the downstream limit of the
study area from the previous year will be retained. Five new automated
stations will be established in small areas of single land uses representative
of the lower Susquehanna River Basin. Samples will be collected during all
storm runoff periods at all six stations. Four storms during the year will
be manually sampled in conjunction with automatic sampling to define changes
in concentrations of constituents with the rise and fall of the stream during
storms. Periodic baseflow, precipitation and soil samples will also be
collected.
PRODUCTS:
This project will provide further field verification information about
links between agricultural practice and resulting sediment-nurient-pesticide
loading of surface water courses. This information will aid in assessing
the contribution of nonpoint source discharges of these materials from the
lower Susquehanna River Basin to the Bay system.
Project Manager.
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EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY MANGEMENT TOOLS
IN THE CHESTER RIVER BASIN
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S) ;
Howard Wilson*
PROJECT NUMBER;
R806343
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Water Resources Administration
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomao Phoiffor
BUDGET;
EPA Share $543,340
Performing Organization
Share 64,208
TOTAL $607 ,548
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 10/16/78
End - 10/15/81
OBJECTIVES;
The project seeks to evaluate available tools for predicting eutrophication
in estuarine systems. It is one of four projects, evaluating five watersheds
in Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia; the Chester River Basin is the
subject of this research.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The four tasks in the research plan are: (1) to evaluate existing and
proposed data collection efforts with respect to known water quality problems
and management alternatives for the basin, (2) to construct a data base of
sufficient detail to be used with the most data intensive models to be
evaluated, (3) to select a set of management tools and apply them to the test
basin, and (4) to evaluate the tested models both with respect to management
applications in the test basin, as well as transferability to other Chesapeake
Bay watersheds.
PRODUCTS:
This project will assess a range of management tools for cost-effectiveness
and accuracy in predicting the loadings, transport and fate of nutrients from
nonpoint sources of nutrients. The techniques assessed may be applied to
geographical areas to estimate the extent of nonpoint sources which could be
expected under various runoff conditions.
* Project Manager.
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INTENSIVE WATERSHED STUDY (PATUXENT RIVER BASIN)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S) ;
Howard Wilson*
PROJECT NUMBER:
R806306
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Water Resources Administration
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Thornaa Phe-iffui-
BUDGET;
EPA Share .................. $452,340
Performing Organization
Share .................... 67,806
TOTAL ...................... $520,146
PROJECT PERIOD:
Begin - 10/16/78
End - 10/15/80
OBJECTIVES;
This study is one of four projects, evaluating five watersheds in
Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia; the Patuxent River Basin is the subject
of this research. The project seeks to evaluate available tools for predicting
eutrophication by comparing costs and estimating the accuracy of the models.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
There are four tasks in the research plan: (1) to evaluate existing
and proposed data collection efforts with respect to known water quality
problems and mangement alternatives for the basin, (2) to construct a data
base of sufficient detail to be used in connection with the most data-intensive
models to be evaluated, (3) to select a set of management tools and apply
them to the test basin, and (4) to evaluate the tested models both with
respect to management applications in the test basin, as well as transfer-
ability to other Chesapeake Bay watersheds.
PRODUCTS:
This project will assess a range of management: tools aimed at their
cost-effectiveness and accuracy in predicting the loadings, transport and
fate of nonpoint sources of nutrients. The techniques assessed may be
applied to geographical areas to estimate the extent of nonpoint sources
which could be expected under various runoff conditions.
* Project Manager.
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EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN TWO
CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHEDS IN VIRGINIA
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert V. Davis*
Thomas Grizzard
Bruce Nielson
PROJECT NUMBER;
R806310
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Virginia State Water Control Board
2111 N. Hampton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomao
BUDGET;
EPA Share $ 999,240
Performing Organization
Share 110,033
TOTAL $1,109,273
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 10/01/78
End - 09/30/80
OBJECTIVES;
This study is one of four projects, evaluating five watersheds in
Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia; the Occoquan and Ware River Basins in
Virginia are the subject of this research. The project seeks to evaluate
available tools for predicting eutrophication by comparing costs and estimating
the accuracy of the models.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
Four tasks will be completed. The project will: (1) evaluate exist-
ing and proposed data collection efforts with respect to known water quality
problems and management alternatives for the basin, (2) construct a data
base of sufficient detail to be used with the most data-intensive models
to be evaluated, (3) select a set of management tools and apply them to
the test basin, and (4) evaluate the tested models both with respect to
management applications in the test basin, as well as transferability to
other Chesapeake Bay watersheds.
PRODUCTS:
This project like the studies in Maryland and Pennsylvania will assess a
range of management tools aimed at their cost-effectiveness and accuracy in
predicting the loadings, transport and fate of nonpoint sources of nutrients.
The techniques assessed may be applied to geographical areas to estimate the
extent of nonpoint sources which could be expected under various runoff
conditions.
* Project Manager
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MODELING PHILOSOPHY AND APPROACH FOR
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
WATERSHED STUDIES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert Ambrose
PROJECT NUMBER;
In-house
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30601
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Pheiffer
BUDGET:
EPA Share $50,431
TOTAL $50,431*
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 04/01/79
End - 10/01/81
OBJECTIVES;
Utilizing the field data collected in the watershed studies in Maryland,
Pennsylvania and Virginia, this study seeks to (1) evaluate the relative
effectiveness and basic accuracy of existing computer models as tools for
the management of eutrophication in subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay and
(2) provide information on the most cost-effective combination of models
tested.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The approach uses computer model simulations to help identify factors
affecting eutrophication in the Bay and to get a better understanding of
how various point and nonpoint sources and water quality processes affect
eutrophication of the subestuaries and nutrient loadings to the Bay. Models
describing urban and rural nonpoint-source nutrient loading, stream transport,
and estuarine processes will be linked into compatible sets. These sets will
be calibrated and tested to determine their accuracy in projecting real-life
scenarios. Steps will be taken as follows: (1) develop criteria for selecting
analytical tools necessary for effective management of eutrophication in the
Bay, (2) develop an inventory of models to be tested and recommend operational
procedures for their use, (3) calibrate the sets of models selected, and
(4) test each set of models and transfer the technology to EPA and the State.
PRODUCTS:
The products of this study will include (1) a summary report giving
present estimates of net nutrient loadings to the Bay and (2) an assessment
of the usefulness of computer modeling in predicting and evaluating nutrient
loadings including estimates of costs of running the various models.
* Represents Ist-year funding of a nmltiyear project.
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FALL LINE MONITORING OF THE POTOMAC,
SUSQUEHANNA AND JAMES RIVERS
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Finch White*
David Grason
PROJECT NUMBER;
EPA-78-D-X0420
Interagency Agreement
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Geological Survey
Water Resources Division
208 Carroll Building
8600 La Salle Road
Towson, MD 21204
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Thomas Pheiffer
BUDGET:
EPA Share - (1st year),
- (2nd year),
Subtotal
$ 60,000
363,000
$423,000**
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 09/01/78
End - 04/01/80
OBJECTIVES;
This project will characterize the inputs from major fresh water
sources to the Chesapeake Bay system during the data collection period. The
Susquehanna, Potomac and James Rivers will be monitored for chemical, physical
and organic components in both qualitative and quantitative modes.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
The Susquehanna monitoring site is at Conowingo, MD. The Potomac
River is monitored at the Chain Bridge in Washington, D.C. The James River
is monitored at Cartersville, VA. Measurements are made for suspended
sediment, nutrients, carbon, trace metals, key metals, pesticides, sulfate
and major ions, chlorophyll-A, total solids, and discharge. Scheduled
frequencies of measurement vary from daily to monthly depending upon type of
measurement. Supplemental sampling is used to assess the impact of extreme
events (e.g., storms).
PRODUCTS:
Study results will provide estimates of pollutant loadings for use in
evaluating the effects of existing and future land use, water use, and
regional economic developments in the freshwater portions of the Susquehanna,
Potomac and James River Basins. This information is also needed to validate
water quality models of the Chesapeake Bay system.
* Project Manager.
** Represents funding of years 1 and 2 of a 3-year project.
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ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Gerard Laniak
PROJECT NUMBER;
R804917
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
School of Public Health
University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Norbert Jaworski
BUDGET;
EPA Share $15,000
TOTAL $15,000
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 06/01/78
End - 12/31/79
OBJECTIVES;
This project seeks to determine a gross estimate of the relative magnitude
of input and significance of different sources of nutrients on the water
quality of the Bay. These sources include point, nonpoint and atmospheric
sources of nutrients.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;
The approach uses a sequence of calculations to determine mass balances
of nutrients in the Bay. Calculations will be performed according, to procedures
supplied by EPA, and physical characteristics, flushing times and tributary
input data will be supplied by EPA from records compiled over the past
10 years.
PRODUCTS;
A report will be issued summarizing the significance of the different
sources of nutrients on the water quality of the Chesapeake Bay in terms of
nutrient concentrations and dissolved oxygen levels in different zones of the
Bay.
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LAND USE AND POINT SOURCE NUTRIENT LOADING
IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Benjamin J. Mason 68-01-4144
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
GEOMET, Incorporated Thomas Pheiffer
15 Firstfield Road
Gaithersburg, MD 20760
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $20,308 Begin - 07/26/79
TOTAL $20,308 End - 10/19/79
OBJECTIVES;
The objectives are to develop land use information to be used by the
Chesapeake Bay Program in developing nutrient loading scenarios to (1)
determine the Bay's water quality response to those loadings, (2) identify
point source loadings of nutrients from municipalities and industry for the
years 1980 and 2000. Information on land use will be developed on a watershed
basis for the years 1980 and 2000.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The approach will locate, review and synthesize existing land use data
by watershed for the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin. Minimum delineation will
include forested, urban and cultivated/noncultivated agricultural areas.
Slope gradient and soil type will be added to the information base. Data
sources include: USDA (Soil Conservation Service and the Economics - Statistics
and Cooperative Service), NASA, USGS, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
Map Service, EPA and the State planning agencies.
PRODUCTS:
The project will produce a final report with data showing (1) 1980 land
use patterns in the Bay drainage by watershed, (2) projected land use changes
for the year 2000, (3) major municipal and industrial nitrogen and phosphorus
(N and P) loadings for 1980, and (4) projected N and P loads for the year 2000.
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CHESAPEAKE BAY CIRCULATION MODEL
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
Robert Shubinski
PROJECT NUMBER;
68-01-5125
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Water Resources Engineers, Inc.
8001 Forbes Place
Springfield, VA 22151
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Thomas Pheiffer
BUDGET;
EPA Share $249 ,949
TOTAL $249,949
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 03/01/79
End - 07/01/81
OBJECTIVES;
The objectives of this project are (1) to produce an operational
model of the water circulation of the Bay consisting of software arid data
which states the basic hydraulic and hydrodyriamic phenomena and (2) to
provide technology transfer to assure that the EPA staff fully trained
to use and understand both model and support documentation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The approach used in the development of the Bay model is to (1) select
the optimal model (or models), (2) develop and modify the computer code,
(3) apply initial calibration, (4) perform sensitivity analysis of both
internal and external parameters and coefficients, (5) design a field data
collection effort to produce information which will help maximize the model's
predictive capabilities, (6) acquire the field data, (7) refine model calibra-
tion, (8) verify that the model is a "reliable" working model of the Bay, and
(9) conduct workshops and seminars to assure that EPA personnel and others
are fully trained to use the model.
PRODUCTS:
The product will be a fully operational hydraulic and hydrodynamic
computerized model of the Bay.
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WATER QUALITY LABORATORY FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY AND ITS
SUBESTUARIES AT HAMPTON INSTITUTE
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Larry T. Cheung R806229
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemistry and Physics Thomas Nugent
Hampton Institute
Hampton, Virginia 23668
BUDGET; PROJECT PERIOD;
EPA Share $315,521 Begin - 09/04/78
Performing Organization End - 11/30/79
Share 16,606
TOTAL $332,127
OBJECTIVES:
This project evaluates the water quality (chemical and biological)
of the Chesapeake Bay and selected subestuaries. Water quality information
will be correlated with LANDSAT imagery. A helicopter-borne water quality
sampling system will be evaluated.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Program modeling requirements will guide the selection of locations for
water samples. The helicopter-borne water quality monitoring system will
record depth, pH, conductivity/salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen.
Those measurements will be compared with LANDSAT observations made during
selected overpasses. The resulting data will be compared for accuracy and
will be used in evaluating physical, biological and oxygen-related parameters,
as well as concentration of toxicants and levels of nutrients.
PRODUCTS:
The products of this study will include: (1) a statement of the relative
efficiencies and reliability of helicopter versus LANDSAT water quality
monitoring, and (2) data which will be used to refine Bay models developed to
assist policymakers in answering questions related to the pollution control
in the Bay system.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AREA
In authorizing the Environmental Protection Agency to undertake the
Chesapeake Bay Program study, Congress specifically directed the Agency to
examine Bay management. Three priority research tasks have been identified as
vital to a better understanding of the factors affecting and influencing the
Bay decision process. They are: (1) identify, review and catalog regional
water resources management agencies, (2) review and catalog Bay management
agencies, and (3) analyze the effectiveness of present Bay management mechanisms.
This series of research tasks will assure that all the related components
of the Bay Program work together smoothly and efficiently to achieve the
objective of a better Bay. The Environmental Management Program includes
tasks to support and refine the existing management strategies and to analyze
alternative scenarios for Bay management.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
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PREPARATION OF A STRATEGY AND PLAN OF ACTION FOR DESIGNING THE
RESEARCH OF MANAGEMENT RESOURCES FOR THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AREA
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
John Keene X-003149-01
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of City and Regional Planning Gregory McGinty
University of Pennsylvania
3400 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $14,336 Begin - 8/01/78
Performing Organization End - 6/30/79
Share 1,110
TOTAL $15,446
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the project is to assist in the development of a
research program; the products of which will result in better coordination and
more efficient management of the Bay's resources.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The project will provide input into the development of a research plan,
evaluate proposals submitted in response to the research plan and assist the
work group in overseeing the conduct of the study.
PRODUCTS:
The product of this effort will be a research plan to investigate the
management structure protecting the environmental quality of the Chesapeake
Bay.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s);
David Harrison
William Nye
PROJECT NUMBER;
X-003200-01
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION;
Environmental Law Institute
1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, B.C. 20036
EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Gregory McGirity
BUDGET;
EPA Share $150,802
Performing Organization
Share 8,122
TOTAL $158,924
PROJECT PERIOD;
Begin - 06/25/79
End - 12/31/80
OBJECTIVES;
This study pursues three objectives: (!) to describe the present
system of environmental management at all levels for the Chesapeake; Bay,
(2) to propose alternative management systems where warranted, and (3) to
estimate the costs and benefits of such changes.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Resources for the Future and the Conservation Foundation will assist the
Environmental Law Institute in performing three major tasks: (1) identify
Federal, interstate, state, and local government agencies involved with Bay
management, (2) describe the roles of each agency in managing the Bay, and
(3) develop procedural and institutional alternatives that will improve
environmental management of the Bay. All major tasks will be undertaken
within the context of researching management relative to the technical areas
of Toxics, Eutrophication and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation.
PRODUCTS:
The results of this study will serve to coordinate the separate study
areas (Toxics, Eutrophication, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Public Partici-
pation) into an integrated management plan for maintaining the quality of the
Chesapeake Bay system.
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STATE PARTICIPATION
Representative agencies from both Maryland and Virginia State governments
support the Chesapeake Bay Program by providing key coordination links on both
inter- and intrastate levels. At this time the states are concentrating on
assessing Bay user needs, identifying and reviewing existing programs, and
designing and implementing new programs when necessary.
The close coordination and involvement by the states allows both the State
government and the Chesapeake Bay Program office to most efficiently allocate
their resources in identifying and resolving the Bay water quality problems.
64
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STATE PARTICIPATION PROJECTS
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DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATION OF TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS, SCIENTIFIC
PLANNING AND DATA ORGANIZATION FOR THE CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
STATE OF MARYLAND
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S); PROJECT NUMBER;
Howard Wilson* R80587401
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Water Resources Administration William Cook
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $338,130 Begin - 1/11/78
Performing Organization End - 1/10/80
Share 18,670
TOTAL $356,800
OBJECTIVES:
Primary program objective is to facilitate state participation in all
phases of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Assistance and support will be provided
to EPA through planning, technical support and assistance, data compilation
and processing, scientific planning and technical program development and
implementation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Administra-
tion, functioning in a lead agency capacity, serves as the primary liaison
between the Chesapeake Bay Program and all Maryland State agencies. Inter-
action between the Program and the State occurs through State agency personnel
participation on policy, management and working level committees.
PRODUCTS:
Major products include extensive state participation leading to the
development and implementation of a cooperative Chesapeake Bay Program, and
the investigation of environmental problems besetting the Chesapeake Bay in a
context receptive to the needs of those agencies responsible for the manage-
ment and regulation of the Bay, its resources, and uses.
* Project Manager.
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DATA ORGANIZATION, TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND COORDINATION FOR THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER:
Robert V. Davis* R805859
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Virginia State Water Control Board Gregory McGinty
2111 N. Hamilton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $323,215 Begin - 6/5/78
Performing Organization End - 6/4/80
Share 36,600
TOTAL $359,815
OBJECTIVES:
Primary program objective is to facilitate state participation in all
phases of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Assistance and support will be provided
to EPA through planning, technical support and assistance, data compilation
and processing, scientific planning and technical program development and
implementation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The Virginia State Water Control Board, functioning in a lead-agency
capacity, serves as the primary liaison between the Chesapeake Bay Program
and all Virginia State agencies. Interaction between the Program and the
State occurs through State agency personnel participation on policy, management
and working level committees.
PRODUCTS:
Major products include extensive state participation leading to the
development and implementation of a cooperative Chesapeake Bay Program, and
the investigation of environmental problems besetting the Chesapeake Bay in a
context receptive to the needs of those agencies responsible for the manage-
ment and regulation of the Bay, its resources, and uses.
* Project Manager.
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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROJECTS
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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Citizens, by being active and concerned about community issues, play
an important role in influencing both the direction and magnitude of govern-
ment actions. The process of public participation results in two immediate
benefits: (1) government leaders become aware of and more responsive to
public concerns, and (2) the citizens can better understand the efforts
undertaken by government in response to problems.
The Chesapeake Bay is fortunate to have a public that is actively
concerned about the environmental health of the Bay. The programs described
under Public Participation are designed to facilitate a two-way communication
flow between the citizens in the Bay area and the Chesapeake Bay Program
management.
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CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM'S PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAM
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
George M. Hagerman T900748
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Anthony Donatoni
Bay, Inc.
5 East Queen Way
Hampton, VA 23669
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $283,407 Begin - 10/01/77
Performing Organization End - 09/30/78
Share 20,197
TOTAL $303,604
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the Public Participation Program are: (1) to raise the
level of public awareness concerning the environment of the Chesapeake Bay,
(2) to increase the public's understanding of the Chesapeake Bay Program and
its goals and objectives, (3) to provide Chesapeake Bay Program management
with citizen input concerning the Bay, (4) and to involve the public in the
Program's decisionmaking process.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
During the first year of the Public Participation Program, a variety of
communication approaches were used to facilitate a better understanding by
the public of the activities and goals of the Chesapeake Bay Program and to
give the Bay Program management a clear understanding of the citizen's
priorities, needs and concerns regarding the Bay. Specific actions taken
include: (1) a 16-member Citizens Steering Committee was established,
(2) seven forums were sponsored, (3) presentations on the Bay Program were
delivered at 37 citizen meetings, (4) a 52-minute film was produced and
telecast by Bay-area stations, (5) a slide presentation was developed and has
been used at each of the meetings, and (6) a bimonthly newsletter was mailed
to 5,000 individuals. Numerous fact sheets, brochures, flyers, newsletters,
press releases and posters have also been developed and widely circulated.
PRODUCTS:
While the level of citizen awareness is difficult to measure without
sophisticated and extensive opinion polls, public exposure to the information
stream and management exposure to the CSC and Bay citizens both suggest that
the level of mutual understanding has been raised.
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CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM'S PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAM
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s); PROJECT NUMBER;
Frances Flanigan T900879
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake William Cook
Bay, Inc.
6600 York Road
Baltimore, MD 21212
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $383,704 Begin - 10/01/78
Performing Organization End - 12/31/79
Share 30,197
TOTAL $413,901
OBJECTIVES:
This project continues the work of the first-year program executed under
project number T900748 with the objectives of: (1) raising the level of
public awareness and understanding of the Chesapeake Bay Program's goals and
objectives, and (2) providing program management with citizen input concerning
the Bay and the Bay program.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
The Citizen's Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc. (CBCP) has established
an office in Hampton, Virginia and one in Baltimore, Maryland to enable it to
effectively reach Bay citizens. A network of staff located regionally around
the Bay enables CPCB to have grass roots contact with organizations and
individuals. CPCB is working closely with other public participation efforts
(i.e., 208, CZM, Corps of Engineers, Sea Grant) to achieve a necessary level
of coordination and to eliminate duplication.
PRODUCTS:
The CPCB effort has maintained a Citizens Steering Committee whose
function is to advise EPA on the conduct of the Chesapeake Bay Program.
Other products include the continuation and enhancement of the 1st year
activities and Steering Committee reports, posters, a miniproject program, a
newspaper supplement on the Bay Program, a computerized mailing list of
organizations and individuals interested in the Bay, a multiprogram exhibit,
a set of radio and television public service announcements and workshops
designed to acquaint the public with the Bay Program and give them an oppor-
tunity to become involved in it.
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DATA MANAGEMENT PROJECT
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DATA MANAGEMENT PROJECT
In the process of evaluating the ecological health of an estuarine
system such as the Chesapeake Bay, large and complex sets of data are generated
and must be maintained. Scientists and researchers rely heavily on both data
interpretation and computer modeling techniques to better understand the
interrelationships of the factors affecting the Bay.
Data management must provide for software design, implementation, and
system operations necessary to support the complex data sets developed through
Chesapeake Bay Program projects.
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AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT FOR THE CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s): PROJECT NUMBER:
Russ Ryder 68-01-3840
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION: EPA PROJECT OFFICER;
Computer Sciences Corporation Lowell Banner
Applied Technology Division
6565 Arlington Boulevard
Falls Church, VA 22046
BUDGET: PROJECT PERIOD:
EPA Share $167,000 Begin - 04/01/79
TOTAL $167,000 End - 03/31/80
OBJECTIVES:
This contract provides the Bay Program with long-term and comprehensive
capabilities in ADP software development, computer operations and data
management. Categories of activity include management of financial data,
project information, raw observational data, statistical analyses, graphic
and tabular presentation and real-time computation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH:
Staff with capabilities in software development, hardware operation and
data management will provide direct support to the Chesapeake Bay Program.
These professionals will (1) operate the POP 11/70 computer in Annapolis,
(2) provide support for the remote use of the Agency's computer facilities
through interface procedures, (3) achieve fluency in the use and application
of EPALOG, EPALIT, and STORET data processing systems, (4) provide programming
support to necessary software development and modifications as required,
(5) oversee the collection, organization and presentation of data, and
(6) prepare and implement a comprehensive data management plan.
PRODUCTS;
(1) A financial data reporting system, (2) assistance in supplying all
appropriate data products of project activity to the STORET data processing
system, (3) a Bay Program data management plan and implementation system,
(4) operation of the PDP 11/70 mini-computer, and (5) stored, structured and
secured data files.
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