ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF TWO INTERIM DUMPSITES
MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
OCTOBER 1974
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION III
• PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19106
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SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY "OF TWO INTERIM DUMPSITES
MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT
OPERATION "FETCH"
Cruise Report 5-10 November 1973
Edited by
Donald W. Lear U.S. Ehviionmerhi FiciscJlcn A
F^on III Information Resource
Csrttw C?.V,u2)
£^i i';.j?tiu;lStoet •'
fvCJjpJjia, PA 19107 ' .
Annapolis Field Office
Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
Project Officer
Albert Montague
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
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li
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION III
STH AND WALNUT STREETS
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19106
January 23, 1974
To The Reader:
As is noted in the text, not all of the analyses were per-
formed in sufficient time to be included in the report and evalua-
tions. This information will be tabulated and discussed in a
supplement to be issued »at a later date.
The reader in examining this publication should be cognizant
of the fact that the assessments and conclusions were drawn in
part after comparing the many applicable factors in this report
and associated data collected on a previous cruise and published
in a report entitled, "Environmental Survey of An Interim Ocean
Dumpsite, Middle Atlantic Bight", EPA 903/9-73-001A, September
1973.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
Preface
List of Figures
List of Tables
Summary and Conclusions
Page
Part I. DISSOLVED AND PARTICIPATE ORGANIC CARBON
IN WATERS
Lee Markowitz, Michael A. Champ and
Donald W. Lear
Part II. IRON IN THE WATER
Leonard Izzo, Michael A. Champ and
Donald W. Lear
METALS RESIDUES IN TISSUES OF MAHOGANY CLAMS,
Arctica islandica, AND OTHER MOLLUSC AND
ECHINODERM TISSUES
Bruce Reynolds and Gerald Pesch
ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS
Suzanne Sosnowski
Part III.
Part IV.
References
Appendix I
METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN ECHINODERM AND
MOLLUSC TISSUES
Bruce Reynolds and Gerald Pesch
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ABSTRACT
Supplemental data from an environmental survey of two interim
dumpsites in the Mid-Atlantic Bight are reported. Carbon and iron
distribution in the water column, zooplankton populations, metals
in echinoderm and mollusc tissues are reported, and the significance
of their distribution discussed.
ii
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PREFACE
The issuance of permits for ocean disposal of wastes requires the
Environmental Protection Agency to know the environmental consequences.
Regularly scheduled cruises have been sponsored by EPA, Region III, to
evaluate the effects of acid waste disposal and municipal sewage dis-
posal on two adjacent ocean dumpsites off the Delaware-Maryland coast.
Oceanographic cruises were initiated in May 1973 (Palmer and Lear,
1973) followed by a fall cruise (Lear, Smith and O'Malley, 1974). The
report for the latter cruise, Operation "Fetch", was issued when most,
but not all, of the analytical results were complete. This supplemen-
tary report presents the remaining results from that cruise.
The EPA National Water Quality Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode
Island, especially Dr. Gerald Pesch and Bruce Reynolds, have materially
aided Region III in design and execution of the program. The interest
and cooperation of the oceanographic fraternity outside EPA has been
outstanding. The Marine Science Consortium, Lewes, Delaware, has
freely loaned gear and expertise. The University of Delaware Marine
Laboratory, Lewes, Del., especially Dr. Donald Maurer, has been more
than generous with special expertise. Dr. Michael Champ, American
University, not only provided shipboard assistance, but performed the
carbon and iron analyses reported herein. Dr. Harold Palmer and Joe Forns
Westinghouse Ocean Research Laboratory, Annapolis, Maryland5 have given
freely of advice, assistance, and the loan of gear. In addition, many
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others, in and out of government, have contributed the ability and
gear to the development of the ocean dumping monitoring program. EPA
is extremely gratified to have the invaluable assistance of all of
these groups in our common concern for the management of the oceanic
environment.
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LIST OF FIGURES
1 Index Map for the Upper Chesapeake Bight Area ix
2 Station Location Map x
PART I
1 Participate Organic Carbon (mg/1) Diagrammatic 6
Distribution
2 Dissolved Organic Carbon (mg/1) Diagrammatic 7
Distribution
PART II
1 Particulate Biological Iron (mg/1) Diagrammatic 11
Distribution
PART III
1 Vanadium Isopleths, 11 Stations 22
2 Vanadium Isopleths, 14 Stations 23
3 Vanadium Homogeneous Subsets 24
4 Chromium Isopleths, 11 Stations 25
5 Chromium Isopleths, 14 Stations 26
6 Chromium Homogeneous Subsets 27
7 Cadmium Isopleths, 11 Stations 28
8 Cadmium Isopleths, 14 Stations 29
9 Cadmium Homogeneous Subsets 30
10 Aluminum Isopleths, 11 Stations 31
11 Aluminum Homogeneous Subsets 32
12 Manganese Isopleths, 11 Stations 33
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
PART III
13 Manganese Isopleths, 14 Stations 34
14 Manganese Homogeneous Subsets 35
15 Lead Isopleths, 11 Stations 36
16 Lead Homogeneous Subsets 37
17 Zinc Isopleths, 11 Stations 38
18 Nickel Isopleths., 11 Stations 39
19 Copper Isopleths, 11 Stations 40
20 Cobalt Isopleths., 11 Stations 41
21 Iron Isopleths, 11 Stations 42
22 Silver Isopleths., 11 Stations 43
23 Titanium Isopleths, 11 Stations 44
24 Titanium Isopleths, 14 Stations 45
25 Titanium Homogeneous Subsets 46
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
PART I
1 Dissolved (DOC) and Particulate (POC) Organic 4
Carbon Concentrations for Indicated Depths
(Meters) and Stations, Operation "Fetch"
PART II
1 Dissolved (DBFe) and Particulate (PBFe) Biological 12
Iron (mg/1) at Indicated Depths (Meters) and
Stations, Operation "Fetch"
PART III
1 Analysis of Variance of Metal Concentrations 14
2 Homogeneous Subsets of Stations by Metal 15
3 Annual Input Delaware Dumpsites 16
PART IV
1 Percent Zooplankton Species Composition 50
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. Dissolved and participate organic carbon accumulations were
not evident in the water column under the conditions studied. Such
materials are probably dependent upon time of latest release of
materials, as well as a cumulative function of time.
2. Particulate and dissolved iron showed no patterns of distri-
bution in the water column, in spite of the weak thermocline.
3. Conclusions drawn from a statistical treatment of the results
show (1) that metals thus disposed of do accumulate in the tissue of
benthic organisms and in quantities roughly proportional to the amounts
dumped; (2) that certain metals, particularly V and Cd, are dumped in
such quantities in one of the two sites such that they may be used as
tracers for that dumpsite; and (3) that, due to hydrographic conditions,
the effects of these dumped materials is in no way limited to the area
bounded by the dumpsites proper but are spread over a large area, as
yet undetermined, particularly in the direction of the prevailing
currents. A much larger sample grid is needed to establish the extent
of this area.
4. Zooplankton populations at the two stations examined showed
no effects of stresses.
vim
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AREA OF STUDY
77'
74'
40'
77'
76"
75'
SCALE IN MILES
IX
0 IO 20 30 10 5O
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STATION LOCATIONS
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PART I
DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON
Lee Markowitz, Michael A Champ
The American University
and
Donald W. Lear, EPA Region III
Annapolis Field Office
Ocean disposal of sewage sludge should result in an increase of
organic and inorganic nutrients in the dump area. As this new input
feeds into the naturally occurring marine organic carbon cycle, it
may affect this dynamic process. The impact of the introduction of
organic matter in the form of sewage material in aquatic ecosystems
has been well documented and usually correlates with species specific
reactions (Beeton, 1961; Butcher, 1960; Hynes, 1960; Wilhm and Dorris,
1968; Florida Ocean Sciences Institute Report, 1971). The dispersion
of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the water column as it
is ocean-disposed by barge as sewage sludge (or created by the sludge)
has only recently been investigated (Champ 1974).
Dissolved (DOC) and Particulate (POC) organic carbon analyses were
conducted during Operation "Fetch" to collect data during the fall
(November) mixing period. The broad base of biological, chemical, and
physical parameters and indices investigated during Operation "Fetch"
will allow greater insight into the impact of ocean disposal of sewage
sludge on the dumpsite ecosystem.
Materials and Methods
Frozen water samples prior to filtering were allowed to thaw at
room temperature. Each water sample was filtered through a precombusted
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Gel man Type-A glass fiber filter for the partitioning of POC and DOC.
The DOC and POC were determined by modifications of the method developed
by Menzel and Vaccaro (1964) and Fredericks and Sackett (1970).
A step by step description of this method (Champ 1974) is listed:
1. Two 150 ml water samples were frozen in glass stoppered acid-
cleaned bottles (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater).
2. Ten ml glass ampules (Owens-Illinois) were prepared for use
by being tapped upsidedown on a clean surface (to remove any particles
of foreign material) and the top of the neck of the ampule wrapped with
a piece of lightweight (one-inch square) aluminum foil twisted to form
a cover for the ampule. Ampules were precombusted at 550°C for four
hours.
3. Gelman Type-A (0.3 micron) glass fiber filters (25 mm diameter)
were precombusted at 400°C for four hours. Filters were handled only
with clean forceps.
4. Frozen water samples were allowed to thaw at room temperature
prior to filtering and scaling.
5. Four precombusted glass ampules were required for each water
sample, giving replicate analysis for DOC and POC. To each ampule
0.2 grams of potassium persulfate and 0.25 ml of 6% phosphoric acid
solution were added prior to addition of the sample.
6. Before filtering, samples were briskly shaken.
7. One hundred ml aliquots of water sample were filtered by vacuum
through mi Hi pore lock-on syringe filter holders containing precombusted
Gelman glass fiber filters.
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8. The two filters (each containing 100 ml of POC) were air dried
with a water aspirator and inserted in ampules. Distilled water (5 ml)
was then added to each POC ampule.
9. Five ml aliquots of filtrate were then added by syringe to
the ampules for DOC analysis.
10. Filled ampules were purged of inorganic carbon constituents
for four to six minutes with purified oxygen (400°C) flowing at a rate
of 60 ml/min, and then sealed in a special apparatus to prevent C02
contamination from the sealing flame.
11. Sealed ampules were heated at 125°C for four hours in an
autoclave to oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide.
12. The carbon dioxide content of each ampule was then analyzed
in a special ampule breaking apparatus which permits the carbon dioxide
to be flushed through an infrared analyzer.
The carbon dioxide content of each ampule was determined by flushing
the gas content of the ampule with nitrogen into the gas stream of a
non-dispersive infrared analyzer sensitized to carbon dioxide. The
detector output of the analyzer was recorded as a peak on a potentio-
metric strip chart recorder equipped with an integrator standard carbon
dioxide conversion.
Graphs are made by plotting the integrated area versus carbon for
standardized sodium carbonate solutions. These values were made by
injecting a known volume of the sodium carbonate standard through a
rubber septum in a special vial containing phosphoric acid solution.
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TABLE 1
DISSOLVED (DOC) AND PARTICULATE (POC) ORGANIC CARBON CONCENTRATIONS(mg/1)
FOR INDICATED DEPTHS (METERS) AND STATIONS, OPERATION FETCH, NOVEMBER, 1973
Station E
Station F
Depth
22
0 A
46
Depth
Q
17
34
Depth
8
23
46
Depth
7.6
21.3
DOC
1 OR
1.35
1 11
0.10
Station
DOC
1.44
1.10
Station
DOC
1.28
2.50
1.60
Station
DOC
1.02
1-13
POC
1 RS
.231
oqn
.530
17
POC
.169
.181
2
POC
.097
.300
.260
B
POC
.116
.151
Depth
q
21
69
Depth
Q
18
46
Depth
5
18
34
Depth
8
40.2
DOC
1.76
Station
DOC
O QA
0.94
1.95
Station
DOC
1.37
2.50
0.60
Station
DOC
1.80
1.16
POC
.130
8
POC
.240
.067
14
POC
.103
.300
.340
A
POC
.231
.099
Depth
0
17
on
Depth
Q
39
53
Depth
9
18
45
Depth
9.1
18.3
38.1
DOC
• ^— «7
1.87
n QA
Station
DOC
A 7S
0.96
1.02
Station
DOC
2.90
1.08
2.47
Station
DOC
1.00
1.84
0.84
POC
.144
070
5
POC
090
.071
.250
11
POC
.220
.250
.067
D
POC
.260
.160
.137
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The organic carbon concentration of each ampule was determined by
comparing the integrated area to the standard carbon dioxide conversion
graph.
The deviation for duplicated DOC determination on the same water
sample was generally 5% or lower, with POC usually 10% or lower. A
reagent blank value was determined with each set of water samples
sealed. The DOC reagent blank value usually varied from 0.003 mg C
to 0.004 mg C. The POC reagent blank usually varied from 0.003 mg C
to 0.006 mg C.
Results and Discussion
Results of the analyses are shown in Table 1 and the diagramatic
Figures 1 and 2. Two way analysis of variance (Freund, 1970) with
respect to depth and sampling site within the dumpsites and outside the
dumpsite were conducted. No significant variations for either dissolved
or particulate organic carbon at the .95 level could be determined.
Means for particulate organic carbon concentrations at the thermo-
cline have significant difference in variation (t-test) between those
within the dumpsite (Stations E, 8, 5, 2, 11) and three stations outside
the dumpsite (Stations 17, 14, D). These differences would suggest an
accumulation of particulate organic carbon along the thermocline. Further
studies are required to determine the fate of this material. Additional
t-tests with DOC and POC at various depths have no significant results
at the .95 level.
Values for POC are similar to values reported for the North Atlantic
Ocean (Szekielda , 1968; Gordon, 1970). DOC concentrations reflect a
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PARTICIPATE ORGANIC CARBON (mg/l)
FIGURE 1
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6
DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (mg/l)
FIGURE 2
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range of values found in many of the oceans, particularly off the coast
of Peru and in the Gulf of Mexico (Hobson, et al, 1973).
The lack of significant differences in variation of DOC and POC
with depth and station location (space) on two-way analysis support
the conclusions of Menzel and Goering (1966) and Menzel (1967) concern-
ing homogeneity in depth, space and time. It should be noted, however,
that other researchers have reported variations in these dimensions
(Wangersky and Gordon, 1965; Hobson, 1967; Gordon, 1970). The addition
of sewage sludge may be affecting this natural homogeneity and maybe
just one external process is affecting the distribution of organic
carbon in the oceans, particularly along the thermocline.
The time since last release of sludge would most probably be a
factor in the detection of the materials, but must be evaluated by
studies designed for the measurement of short-term, rather than long-
term effects.
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PART II
PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED BIOLOGICAL IRON
Leonard A. Izzo, Michael A. Champ
The American University
and
Donald W. Lear, EPA Region III
Annapolis Field Office
Iron is one of the major contributed components of both the acid
wastes and the municipal sludge disposed in this area. For this reason
it may be a tag for the dispersion and distribution of other components
of the wastes. The role of iron in the marine environment is considered
to be associated with coastal sedimentation and primary productivity.
Total iron can be partitioned into dissolved and particulate fractions
which are arbitrarily designated by filtration. Dissolved iron complexes
as ferric hydroxide and phosphate particles. These are soluble and/or
pass through a 0.45y Millipore HA Filter (Strickland and Parsons, 1973).
The uncomplexed ferric ion does not exist in measurable amounts in
seawater due to the pH levels. Ferrous forms can only occur under
anaerobic conditions.
Dissolved and particulate biological iron is iron that is avail-
able to marine organisms. This biologically reactive or available iron
is determined by preliminary treatment with 0.48N hydrochloric acid.
Such treatment will liberate ferric iron and thus give less of an over-
estimation of the immediately available biologically active iron than
would a total iron figure.
Samples were retrieved from 10-liter PVC Niskin bottles on the
hydrocasts, taken as time and weather permitted. Only the waters from
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and near the sludge release zone were sampled; the northern region
was not sampled due to the exigencies of priority on the schedule.
Materials and Methods
Dissolved and particulate biological iron analysis were cond cted
on one-liter samples according to procedures of Strickland and Parsons,
1972; and Izzo, 1974. The one-liter sample was filtered through a 0.45y
Millipore HA Filter to separate dissolved iron (the filtrate) from
particulate iron (the non-filtrate). The filters were allowed to par-
tially air dry by the vacuum created by the pump, then each was stored
in a Millipore plastic case for transport to the laboratory. One hun-
dred mis of the filtrate were immediately transferred to specially
cleaned bottles and frozen for transport to the laboratory where colori-
tnetric analysis was conducted after treatment with 0.48N HC1.
Results and Discussion
Results are shown in Table 1 for particulate biological iron (PBFe)
and dissolved biological iron (DBFe). PBFe is also shown diagramatically
in Figure 1.
As can be noted in Table 1, nearly all the iron was retained on the
filters, as could be expected from the solubility of iron salts in seawater.
The diagramatic distribution of particulate iron in the waters show no
definitive pattern in spite of the weak thermocline (Lear, Smith, O'Malley,
1974), but is useful for establishing the relative ambient concentrations
and spatial variability. These distributions, however, can be extremely
useful for following discrete dumping (Champ, 1974).
10
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60,
PARTICULATE BIOLOGICAL IRON (mg/l)
O STATION NO.
FIGURE 1
11
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Table 1
DISSOLVED (DBFe) AND PARTICIPATE (PBFe) BIOLOGICAL IRON (ug/1) AT
INDICATED DEPTHS (METERS) AND STATIONS, OPERATION FETCH, NOV. 1974
Station
Depth DBFe
11 x
22 x
34 x
46 x
Station
Depth DBFe
3 1.08
17 0.00
34
Station
Depth DBFe
8 0.00
23 1.09
46
E
PBFe
81.20
89.90
62.64
95.70
17
PBFe
52.20
41.18
23.20
2
PBFe
48.14
47.56
63.80
Station F
i DBFe PBFe
9 x 72.50
21 x 63.80
62 x 95.70
Station 8
spth DBFe PBFe
9 0.16 16.24
18 0.00 55.10
46 0.31 71.34
Station 14
?pth DBFe PBFe
5 3.90 45.24
18 0.00 75.98
34 -- 41.18
Station 9
i DBFe PBFe
3
17
29
0.00
0.63
60.90
59.16
17.98
Station 5
i DBFe PBFe
8
39
53
2.19
92.22
53.36
23.20
Station 11
apth DBFe PBFe
9 ' 0.00 54.96
18 1.11 41.76
45 0.00 30.74
x = Sample bottles broken in rough seas
-- = Sample lost in freezing
12
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PART III
METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE OCEAN QUAHOG, Arctica Islandica
Bruce Reynolds and Gerald Pesch
National Water Quality Laboratory
EPA Narragansett
Abstract
Tissue of the clam, Arctica islandica, were analyzed for accumulated
concentrations of 12 metals at 14 stations distributed about an industrial
waste dumpsite and a sewage waste dumpsite. Conclusions drawn from a
statistical treatment of the results show (1) that metals thus disposed
of do acculuate in the tissue of benthic organisms and in quantities
roughly proportional to the amounts dumped; (2) that certain metals,
particularly V and Cd, are dumped in such quantities in one of the two
sites such that they may be used as tracers for that dumpsite; and
(3) that, due to hydrographic conditions, the effects of these dumped
materials is in no way limited to the area bounded by the dumpsites
proper but are spread over a large area, as yet undetermined, particularly
in the direction of the prevailing currents. A much larger sample grid
is needed to establish the extent of this area.
Results and Discussion
Of the stations visited on the "Fetch" cruise, November 5-10, 1973,
14 of these yielded the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica. Three of these,
Stations A, C, and H, yielded only one individual with the other 11
stations yielding from 3 to 13 individuals. These were subsequently
subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis for tissue
concentrations of 12 metals. The metals, the means and ranges of their
13
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concentrations, and the sample sizes, are reported in Appendix 1 along
with values for the other organisms collected.
An analysis of variance was performed on the replicates of Arctica
samples for each of the 12 metals for the above set of 11 stations. The
results of this test are reported in Table 1.
Table 1
Analysis of Variance of Metal Concentrations
Significance
Metal F ratio level
Vanadium
Chromium
Cadmi urn
Aluminum
Manganese
Lead
Zinc
Nickel
Copper
Cobalt
Iron
Silver
5.77
3.73
3.49
2.95
2.25
2.20
1.24
1.22
1.05
0.96
0.48
0.31
<.!%
<.!%
.5%
.5%
5%
5%
>20%
>20%
insig.
insig.
insig.
insig.
Thus, of the 12 metals examined, 6, i.e., V, Cr, Cd, Al, Mn,
and Pb, clearly demonstrate significant differences within the set
of 11 stations. Of the remaining, zinc and nickel approach significance
14
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while all of the metals show interesting distributions when the mean
concentrations are plotted.
Subsequently, Duncan's New Multiple Range Test was performed and
homogeneous subsets determined for the set of 11 stations and for the
metals shown to have significance. Homogeneous subsets are herein defined
as subsets of elements, no pair of which differ by more than the shortest
significant range for a subset of that size. The subsets thus determined
are presented in Table 2.
Table 2
Homogeneous Subsets of Stations by Metal
Metal
Subset 1
Subset 2
Subset 3
Vanadium
Chromium
2
Cadmium
Aluminum
Manganese
1 oaH
14,8, 5, E, 0,11,2,1
2,0,8,14,1,17,11,5
G, 9,8, 0,1, 2, E, 11
all but Sta. G
all but Sta. G
9 1/1 T Q 1 C 7 ft
17, G, 9 2,1,17,6
5,6, E, 9 14,1,17,11,5,6
11,17,5,14 1,2,E,11,5
G is significantly higher
G is significantly higher
R n t; F
11,5
a fourth subset was established as follows:
14, 17, 11, 5, G, E
a fourth subset was established as follows:
2, E, 11, 17, 5
15
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In the following section, these subsets as well as the isopleths
for the calculated means of metal concentrations for both the 11-station
and 14-station sets are presented as figures. In the isopleth figures,
the number beside each of the station numbers are the calculated me
in ppm dry weight for the indicated metal extracted from Arctica tissue.
It should be emphasized that the subsets and isopleths plotted are
limited in area! extent, not only by the existing data, but by the spatial
distribution of the sample sites and do not imply a bounded system. It
would be expected that the homogeneous subsets would be enlarged if
information on additional stations were available. In Table 3, the annual
input of waste materials into the respective dumpsites are presented. The
individual metal values for the DuPont waste are calculated using the
analysis values contained in DuPont's permit application. The Philadelphia
values are calculated from an analysis of sewage sludge supplied to our
laboratory by EPA Region III, except as indicated. The specific gravity
and wet/dry weight ratios used in these calculations were also determined
by our laboratory from the submitted samples.
Table 3
Annual Input Delaware Dumpsites
DuPont Total Input Philadelphia
240,000,000 gal/yr 150,000,000
908,500,000 1/yr 568,000,000
1.18 spec grav 1.03
1,072,000,000 kg/yr 584,500,000
16
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Table 3 (cont.)
Annual Input Delaware Dumpsites
DuPont Specific Metal Input Philadelphia
Fe 53,400,000 kg/yr 946,000
Cu 3,634 " 83,150
Cr 33,160 " 75,670
Al 745,000 " 1,094,000
Ag 136 " 2,314
Mn 1,017,500 " 81,400
Pb 11,900 " 145,000
Co 9,630 " 8,740
Ni 8,540 " 41,555
V 155,400 " 2,226
Cd 236 " 6,200
Zn 33,400 " 334,000
Ti 1,844,000 " 5,851
17
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Vanadium
Of the metals examined, vanadium presents the greatest significance
of variation between stations or groups of stations. From Table 3, it
may be noted that the vanadium input to the dumpsite system is approxi-
mately 75 times greater for DuPont than for Philadelphia. From Figures
1, 2 and 3 it may be similarly noted that the area of greatest impact
of accumulated vanadium in the ocean quahog is in and near the DuPont
site and, quite strikingly, in the area to the southwest or downstream
(according to prevailing currents discussed in the main body of this
report) of the DuPont dumpsite. On the other hand, the Philadelphia
site uniformly and without exception shows levels that are significantly
lower. It may also be noted that at the three stations, A, C, and H,
which yielded only a single sample each and consequently do not lend
themselves to statistical treatment, nevertheless show values which seem
to fit the general contouring trend.
Chromium
The apparent chromium distribution in Figures 4, 5, and 6 is some-
what complicated by the fact that the metal is deposited in the two
dumpsites at levels differing only by a factor of 2 (Philadelphia more
than DuPont from Table 3) and thus cannot reasonably be used as a tracer
for either dumpsite. The dominant feature in these figures is the demon-
stration, again, of the effects of the general oceanic circulation in the
area to widely distribute the metal to downstream or to the southwest
and hence substantially out of the established dumpsite area.
18
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Cadmium
The results of the cadmium determination show identical but
reciprocal distribution patterns as compared to vanadium. In this
case, cadmium is deposited at a rate approximately 30 times greater
in the Philadelphia site than in the DuPont site, (Table 3), and is
clearly accumulated in the ocean quahog to a greater degree in the
Philadelphia site, (Figure 7, 8 and 9). Again the metal levels were
found to be distributed in response to the direction of the prevailing
bottom currents. Thus we have two metals which differ significantly
in the amounts annually deposited in the system at the two respective
sites, and which evidently show promise as tracers in delineating the
effects of these two closely related sites—effects, however, that are
so widely dispersed beyond the actual dumpsite limits that they do not
appear to be contained by the limits of the present sample grid.
Aluminum
At the time of the writing of this report, the Philadelphia sewage
sludge had not been analyzed for aluminum content and thus does not
appear in Table 3, however the value would not be expected to approach
the amount in the DuPont waste for to do so would mean a value approxi-
mately that of the iron. If this proves to be the case, the familiar
trend of shellfish accumulation paralleling the differential rate of
deposition, as well as the extentions of the higher values to the south-
west, is again demonstrated.
19
-------
Manganese
Manganese is deposited at the DuPont site in amounts 12 times
that in the Philadelphia site and isopleths plotted in Figures 12,
13 and 14 reflect this fact. However, the plots of the homogeneous
subsets show primarily that most of the statistical significance is
attributable to the high values for Station G, southwest of the
DuPont site.
Lead
The Figures 15 and 16 for lead show trends similar to those
established for the other metals with the possible exception that,
statistically, the homogeneous subset of stations with high values
is limited quite closely to the Philadelphia site, the area of primary
deposition. It is equally possible that this delimiting is an artifact
of the sample grid.
Titanium
The variance between stations was found to be significant at the
1% level with a F ratio of 2..70. (These values may be compared to those
for the other metals in Table 1.) The homogeneous subsets, defined by
the multiple range test, are the same as those defined for aluminum and
manganese, such that Station G is significantly higher than the remaining
stations with the latter falling into one homogeneous subset. These
trends are illustrated in Figures 23 and 24. Consequently, the comments
made for manganese apply equally well for titanium, particularly since
the annual amounts disposed of are more than 3000 times greater for the
DuPont site than for the Philadelphia site.
20
-------
Other Metals
The remaining metals, although not meeting the tests for signifi-
cance of variance due in part to the sample sites and their limited
spatial distribution, nevertheless continue to demonstrate at least
portions of the comparative patterns of deposition, lateral trans-
portation, and biological accumulation as found in previous metals.
It is particularly noteworthy that in no case does the area of highest
accumulation fail to correspond to the dumpsite with the greater load
of the respective metal.
21
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Vranadiu'-n T i-c
11
22
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure ? Vanadium Isooleths, 1^ Stations
23
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure 1 Vanadium Hono^oneous Subsets
24
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
X.
-- Chromium IsonlPths, 11 Stations
25
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure ; Chromium Isopleths, \^ Stations
26
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
SCALE M STATUTE MILES
Figure '' Chromi
i:-; o u h - o 13
27
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Fjo-ure 7 Cadmijm IsoplQthn, 11 Stations
28
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
3.02-5
2,0
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
30
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
1-
31
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
33
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
V
34
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
35
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
36
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
37
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
33
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
40
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
41
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
O 0
42
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
1.5
SCALE M STATUTE MILES
505
I r"'
43
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure 23 Titanium Isopleths, 11 Stations
44
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure 24 Titanium Isopleths, 14 Stations
45
-------
STATION LOCATIONS
Figure 25 Titanium Homogeneous Subsets
46
-------
PART IV
ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS
Suzanne Sosnowski
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Marine Water Quality Laboratory
Narragansett, Rhode Island
Zooplankton tows were made with paired net hauls, each net
measuring 0.5 meter x 0.5 meter, and mesh size of 202y. Fifteen
minute surface tows were made. Samples from tows were split, one
for metals analysis (Lear, Smith and O'Malley, 1974) and the
remainder for taxonomic characterizations. The latter aliquot was
preserved in 5% formalin.
As the primary objective of the cruise was sampling for benthic
conditions, plankton tows were given relatively low priority, and
few samples taken. Heavy weather forced the utilization of available
time for higher priority work.
Methodology
The tows were not quantitatively taken and, as a result, many
more animals were in the sample from Station 17 than that of Station 14.
For this reason, the Station 17 sample was diluted more before exami-
nation than Station 14.
A Folsom Plankton Splitter was used to divide the raw tows.
Station 17 sample was split into 1/32 aliquots. One of these aliquots
was diluted to 500 ml. The 500 ml dilution was stirred and poured into
a 50 ml sampling device which was shaken before a 2 ml sample was taken.
This 2 ml sample was counted and keyed out according to genus and species.
47
-------
Two such 2 ml aliquots were counted. A total approximation of
animals in the whole two sample was arrived at by multiplying
the number of animals in one 2 ml aliquot by a factor of 8000.
The species percent composition was calculated by dividing the
number of animals of that species by the total number of animals
in the 2 ml aliquot.
The sample from Station 14 was treated in a like manner, except
that it was divided into 1/16 aliquots in the Folsom splitter. A
total approximation of animals in the whole two sample was arrived
at by multiplying the number of animals in one 2 ml aliquot by a
factor of 4000. The percent species composition was calculated as
above.
Discussion
Station 14: Most frequently occurring species ( 4%):
Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus - 39.7%
*Temora turbinata (species?) - 32.3%
Centropages typicus - 19.6%
Salps, indicative of warm and/or oceanic
waters were found in this sample (Sta. 14).
Station 17: Most frequently occurring species ( 4%):
Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus - 37.3%
*Temora longicornis (species?) - 19.0%
*Temora turbinata (species?) - 20.1%
Oncaea venusta - 8.0%
Centropages typicus - 4.5%
48
-------
It appears that Station 17 contained more diverse speciation
than Station 14. Pseudocalanus minutus elonqatus was dominant in
these October surface tows at both stations. The tows were not
measured quantitatively when taken, so, although the aliquots were
equal from both tows, more animals per aliquot were present in the
Station 17 sample. This should not have affected the percent species
composition, however.
Grice and Hart (1962), in September oblique tows of these neritic
waters (lat 40° 18' x long 71° 28'), found 35 species of copepods of
which the most important numerically was Centropages typicus which
formed about 50%. Calanus finmarchicus, Candacia armata, Metriclia
lucens, Oithona simulis, Paracalanus parvus, and Temora longicorm's
were also found but none formed more than 6%.
Bigelow and Sears (1939), in October oblique tows of these same
shelf waters (out to the 200 meter contour, from lat 41° to lat 36°),
found the most important species, numerically, to be Centropages
typicus (14%), Paracalanus (12%), Calanus (7%), Pseudocalanus (4%),
and Metrichia lucens (2%). The following formed 1% or more or indi-
vidual stations: 4% Acartia, 7% Candacia armata, 1% Centropages
violaceous, 3% Corycaeus, 2% Mecynocera clausi, 11 % Oncaea, 1 % PI euro-
mamma grac i1is, 6% Scolecithrix danae, 1% Temora longicorm's, and 1%
Temora sty!ifera.
Fewer species may have been found in our October tows because
they were surface tows, rather than oblique as in the data of Grice
and Hart and Bigelow and Sears.
*Reference books were vague on species differentiation for Temora. Both
species definitely occurred at Station 17, but the percent may be
inaccurate. Some J_. longicorm's may have gone undetected in Station 14.
49
-------
TABLE 1
PERCENT ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES COMPOSITION
Two
Species
of tow
Station 14
Oct. surface
Station 17
Oct. surface
Grice & Hart
Sept. oblique
Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus
Temora turbi nata
Centropages typicus
*Salps
Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus
Temora turbinata
Temora longicornis
Oncaea venusta
Centropages typicus
Centropages typicus
Bigelow & Sears Centropages typicus
Oct. oblique Paracalanus
CaTanus
Pseudocalanus
Metridia lucens
39.7
32.3
19.6
37.3
20.1
19.0
8.0
4.5
50.0
14.0
12.0
7.0
4.0
2.0
* Salps are indicative of warm and/or oceanic waters.
in Station 17 sample.
There were none
50
-------
I
1
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA 13th Ed. 864 pp. 1971.
Beeton, A. M. Environmental changes in Lake Erie. Transactions of
the American Fisheries Society 90:153-159. 1961.
Bigelow, H. B. and M. Sears. Studies of the waters of the Continental
Shelf, Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay. Contrib. No. 194. Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge. Vol. IV, No. 4:179-378. 1939.
Butcher, R. W. The biological detection of pollution. Journal of the
Institute of Sewage Purification 2:92-97. 1946.
Champ, Michael A. Organic and inorganic carbon cycles in a pond
ecosystem. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University. 1973.
Champ, Michael A. Operation SAMS, Sludge Acid Monitoring Survey,
American University, Ceres Program Publication No. 1. 1974.
Florida Ocean Sciences Institute. Limitations and effects of waste
disposal on an ocean shelf. EPA-16070EFG12/71. 304pp. 1971.
Fredericks, A. D. and W. M. Sackett. Organic carbon in the Gulf of
Mexico. J. of Geophysical Res. 75:2199-2206.
Freund, John E. Modern Elementary Statistics. Prentice Hall, Inc.
New Jersey. 1973.
Gordon, D. C., Jr. Some studies on the distribution and composition
of particulate organic carbon in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea
Res. 17:233-243. 1967.
Grice, G. D. and A. Hart. The abundance, seasonal occurrence and
distribution of the epizooplankton between New York and Bermuda.
Contrib. No. 1237, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, pp 287-307.
1962.'
* Hobson, L. A. The seasonal and vertical distribution of suspended
particulate matter in an area of the northeast Pacific Ocean.
Oceanography 11:510-519. 1967.
*.
Hobson, L. A., D. W. Menzel, R. T. Barber. Primary productivity and
sizes of pools of organic carbon in the mixed layer of the ocean.
• Marine Biology 19:298-306. 1973.
51
-------
Hynes, H. B. N. The Biology of Polluted Waters. Liverpool University
Press, Liverpool xiv + 202 pp. 1960.
Izzo, Leonard A. Dissolved and Participate Biological Iron. In
Champ (Editor Operation SAMS: Sewage Acid Monitoring Survey. The
American University Ceres Publication No. 1. 169 pp. 1974.
Lear, D. W., S. K. Smith and M. L. O'Malley (Eds.) Environmental
Survey of Two Interim Dumpsites, Middle Atlantic Bight - Operation
"Fetch" EPA 903/9-74-01Oa. 141 pp. 1974.
Menzel, D. W. Particulate organic carbon in the deep sea. Deep-Sea
Res. 14:229-238. 1967.
Menzel, D. W. and J. J. Goeririg. The distribution of organic detritus
in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 11:333-337. 1966.
Menzel, D. W. and R. F. Vaccaro. The measurement of dissolved organic
and particulate carbon in sea water. Limn. Ocean. 9:138-142. 1964.
Owre, H. B. and M. Foyo. Copepods of the Florida current. Fauna
Caribaea, No. 1, Crustacea, Part i: Copepoda. Institute of Marine
Science, Miami, p 137. 1967.
Palmer, H. D. and D. W. Lear (Eds.) Environmental Survey of an Interim
Ocean Dumpsite, Middle Atlantic Bight - Operation "Quicksilver" EPA
903/9-001-A. 132 pp. 1973.
Rose, M. Faune de France. Copepodes Pelagiques. Kraus Repring.
Nendeln. 374 pp. 1970.
Strickland, J. D. H. and T. R. Parsons. A Practical Handbook of
Seawater Analysis. Bull. No. 167 Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
Ottawa. 1972.
Szekielda, K. H. Some remarks on the influence of hydrographic conditions
on the concentration of particulate carbon in seawater. In: Proceedings
of an I.B.P. symposium, pp 314-322. Ed. by H. L. Golterman and R. S. Clymo.
Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Vitgevers Maatschappiji. 1967.
Wangersky, P. J. and D. C. Gordon, Jr. Particulate carbonate, organic
carbon and Mn+ in the open ocean. Limn. Ocean. 10:544-440. 1965.
Williams, P. M. The distribution and cycling or organic matter in the
oceans. Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments. Samuel D. Faust
and Joseph V. Hunter, Eds. 7:145-163. Marie! Dekker, Inc., New York.
1971.
52
-------
Wilson, C. The copepods of the Woods Hole region. Smithsonian
Institution, U. S. National Museum Bulletin No. 158. 635 pp.
U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington. 1932.
Wilhm, J. L. and T. C. Dorris. Biological parameters for water
quality criteria. Bioscience 18:477-481.
53
-------
Arctica
APPENDIX 1
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
ygm/gm Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
i'in
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
1 1 :M n
Range
# Samplss
Mean
Range
:T Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Flange
# Samples
Mean
Rar>.g3
# Sa;:i£les
Mean
R^iicc;
f Samples
Mean
Rfj-,go
# Samples
i if;an
Ran r;^
// Samples
i i:\ii>
Ranne
# Sa rjlcs
"TIFi'n
Raiij-
/; S-ir.pl-js
i'le.u:
Rang?
£ Sn::.ilcs
14
20.31
10.01-
28.17
3
0.65
0.44-
0.94
3
11.56
6.80-
17.56
3
0.413
0.284-
0.616
3
0.24
0.12-
0.42
3
TJ725
0.03-
0.39
3
0.54
0.34-
0.65
3
0.16
0.09-
0.23
3
2.00
1.17-
2.79
3
T:OT "
0.196-
0-428
3
1.13
0.262-
1.58
3
0.217
0.167-
0.261
3
9
33.47
20.15-
49.20
10
0.75
0.36-
1.12
10
8.04
5.54-
10.93
10
0.263
0.174-
0.402
9
0.24
0.10-
0.39
10
1.03
0.54-
1.74
10
1.11
0.36-
5.17
10
0.14
0.09-
0.18
10
1.07
0.599-
1.85
10
0.533
0.376-
0.839
10
4.46
1.79-
10.83
10
0.487
0.379-
0.728
10
17
44.67
14.81-
95.15
8
0.10
0.48-
0.95
8
9.13
6.29-
11.68
8
0.443
0.220-
0.731
8
32.23
0.17-
256.0
8
1.18
0.91-
1.90
8
0.76
0.67-
0.91
8
0.10
0.08-
0.13
8
rrnr
0.68-
2.07
8
0.448
0.277-
0.595
8
3.26
2.06-
6.86
7
0.442
0.255-
0.585
8
1
59.00
10.69-
310.92
12
1.09
0.42-
3.37
12
IT. 03
5.62-
34.39
12
0.316
0.141-
0.726
11
0.24
0.11-
0.79
12
6.89
0.34-
72.83
12
1.18
0.51-
9.00
12
O.T7~~
0.06-
0.43
12
1.40
0.08-
1.77
12
0.347
0.173-
0.585
12
3.13
1.75-
5.76
11
0.339
0.266-
0.655
12
2
29.31
14.18-
62.45
4
0.85
0.39-
1.38
4
11.20
7.82-
16.34
4
u.303
0.229
0.441
4
0.24
0.14-
0.39
4
0.75
0.31-
1.54
4
0.56
0.37-
0.74
4
0.11
0.09-
0.18
4
1.04
0.63-
1.51
4
0.286
0.234-
0.346
4
2.20
1.71-
2.56
3
0.329
0.257-
0.433
4
5
24.73
17.36-
29.76
3
0.73
0.57-
0.90
3
8.56
5.71-
11.13
3
0.398"
0.212-
0.526
3
0.16
0.10-
0.23
3
0.82
0.58-
1.28
3
0.88
0.59-
1.18
3
1.2
0.08-
0.15
3
1.42
0.584-
1.99
3
0.392
0.30
0.474
3
3.61
2.35-
5.27
3
0.274
0.148-
0.377
3
8
43.73
17.09-
108.05
5
.073
0.37-
0.86
5
TOT""
5.96-
16.80
5
U7ZF4 - '
0.134-
0.329
5
0.23
0.09-
0.65
5
"0778
0.56-
"l.tl
5
— fl-y,
0.03-
0.87
5
0.13
0.06-
0.22
5
T.iro "
0.674-
2.725
5
0,304
0.16
0.414
5
4.18
1.33-
9.99
5
0.247
n.176-
0.409
5
11
32.95
22.38-
64.30
6
0.54
0.38-
0.72
6
"8T5F"
3.76-
12.63
6
0. 268
0.166-
0.414
6
0.16
0.09-
0.26
6
0.74"
0.16-
1.71
6
TH5Z"
0.40-
0.85
6
0.12
0.08-
0.20
6
T.TJ"
0.894-
2.23
6
0.326
0.20
0.43
6
1 ."92 "
1.25-
2.45
6
0.247
0.213-
0.303
6
-------
Arctica
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
ygm/gm Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samoles
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Maan
Range
# Samples
E
39.60 -
12 19-
73.72
10
0.67
0.45
1.02
10
8.TC
4.29
12 22
10
0-2789
0.170-
0.428
10
0.20
0.08-
0.41
10
1.03
0.22-
1.22
10
0.88
0.50-
1.63
10
0.21
0.07-
0.77
10
- 1.27
0.81-
1.847
10
" '0.410
0.25-
0.661
10
3.03
1.629-
6.211
10
0.266
0.200-
0.373
10
C
153.15
1
1.01
1
9.571
1
0.404
1 _ ..
0.181
1
5.505
1
1.077
1
0.686
1
0
0.852
1
"6
0.722
1
0
25.54
5.11-
45.18
6
0.72
0.52
1.14
6
9.44
7.15
12.99
6
0.250
0.151-
0.305
0.21
0.11-
0.56
6
0.80
0.40-
1.20
6
0.60
0.46-
0.82
6
0.09
0.06-
0.12
6
2.02
0.528-
4.711
6
0.293
0.239-
0.354
6
2.42
1.71-
3.85
6
0.281
0.158-
0.360
6
G
113.55
21.23-
389.74
8
0.90
0.58
1.24
8
9.10"
4.72
13 21
8
0.340
0.141-
0.591
8
0.24
0.07-
0.59
8
3.23
0.50-
9.78
8
1.12
0.51
2.52
8
0.47
0.08-
2.80
8
2.23
0.77-
5.10
6
0.711
0.34-
1.43
8
12.60
1.98-
25.85
7
0.684
0.309-
0.741
8
B A
148.37
1
1.01
1
9.719
1
0.307
1
0.213
1
6.665
1
0.900
1
0.120
1
0
0.553
1
0
1.110
1
H
30.69
1
0.770
1
"T4778T ~
1
U.407
1
0.39
1
0.793
1
0.878
1
0.217
1
5.44
1
0.657
1
4.23
1
0.340
1
-------
Arctica
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
ygm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
?b
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Ran'js
# Samples
14
192.74
111.50-
245.94
3
6.29
4.96-
8.25
3
111.44
66.05-
153.27
3
3.94
3.167-
5.337
3
2.273
1.35-
3.68
3
3.277
3.14-
3.43
3
5.163
3.78-
6.30
3
1 .50
0.89-
2.03
3
19-. 50
11.42-
24.38
3
2.88
2.18-
3.73
3
11.63
2.28-
17.23
3
2.12
1.86-
2.53
3
9
275.05
182.36-
422.02
10
6.11
3.41-
8.13
10
65.84
50.34-
84.51
10
2.134
1.424-
2.862
9
2.026
0.759-
3.220
10
8.532
4.86-
14.24
10
5.373
3.22-
7.52
10
1 . \Zb
0.720-
1.520
10
8.80
4.89—
15.84
10
4.33
3.54-
6.08
10
36.79
16.57-
92.89
10
4.02
2.59-
5.77
10
17
339.9
108.08-
616.61
8
5.28
3.96-
6.52
-8-
70.496
49.21-
84.78
8
3.378
1.604-
5.00
8
2.087
1.070-
2.720
8
9.069
6.100-
12.30
8
5.98
4.33-
7.50
8
0.764
0.540-
1.040
8
8.80
5.29-
15.06
8
3.40
2.03-
4.07
8
26.51
15. OS-
es. 20
7
3.37
2.30-
4.01
8
523
87
3349
12
9
4
36
12
104
21
370
12
2
1
3
11
2
0
8
12
6
2
13
11
b
3
7
11
1
0
4
11
10
2
16
9
3
1
3
12
30
16
60
11
2
2
3
12
1
.21
.98-
.20
.74
.11-
.30
.48
.92-
.45
.45
.29-
.22
.30
.41-
.50
.78
.89-
.93
.68
.54-
.82
.48
.45-
.52
.82
.51-
.29
.17
.87-
.99
.18
.86-
.34
.90
.55-
.60
205
73
372
4
7
4
12
4
100
61
150
4
2
2
2
4
2
0
3
4
6
2
9
4
4
4
6
4
1
0
1
4
9
5
16
4
2
2
2
4
22
17
25
3
2
2
3
4
2
.90
,05-
.60
.23
.28-
.78
.865
.75-
.32
.588
.624
.822
.220
.85-
.86
.055
.81-
.18
.883
.120-
.410
.068
.54-
.94
.73
.00-
.69
.51
.07-
.80
.05
.03-
.55
.86
.58-
.34
5
213.07
147.16-
250.85 1
3
6.29
4.81-
8.01
3
73.19
51.00-
94.33
3
3.461
1.80-
4.700
3
1.366
0.82-
2.05
3
7.040
5.160-
10.79
3
7.577
4.99-
9.90
3
1 .073
0.69-
1.28
3
12.10
5.20-
16.85
3
3.38
2.59-
4.24
3
31.32
19.92-
47.01
3
2.36
1.26-
3.17
3
8
397.50
142.23-
059.80
5
6.87
3.21-
9.97
5
100.69
52.55-
164.80
5
2.19
1.17-
2.74
5
1.97
0.86-
5.71
5
6.70
4.89-
10.05
5
6.24
4.15-
9.12
5
1.12
0.81-
1.95
5
12.60
5.95-
23.77
4
2.62
1.39-
3.34
5
34.89
11.13-
75.50
5
2.13
1.49-
3.61
5
11
346.54
233.72-
737.75
6
5.51
4.36-
7.02
6
87.982
43.180-
143.23
6
2.77
1.627-
4.079
6
1.785
1.250-
2.580
6
8.353
4.37-
19.65
6
6.425
4.50-
9.70
6
1 .230
0.87-
1.94
6
14.47
10.26-
21.99
6
3.38
2.03-
4.89
6
19.91
12.27-
24.38
6
2.56
1.90-
3.25
6
-------
Arctica
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderni and Mollusc Tissues
ugm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
PF~
Co
Hi
Cr
Al
V
[iean
Range
/' Samples
Mean
Range
;Jr Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
5? Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
7,' Samples
Mean
Range
'/ Samples
Mean
Range
// f'.i,iiplcs
ilean
Range
ft Samples
E
377.80
122.73-
894.30
10
6.11
3.91-
8.14
10
74.98
53.26-
112.16
10
2.59
1.71-
3.89
10
1 .85
0.78
4.11
10
9.12
5.43-
23.39
10
7.84
5.73-
11.45
10
2.25
0.61-
9.59
10
11.47
6.74-
15.76
8
3.79 •
2.156-
5.15
10
28.96
18.16-
53.47
10
2.47 '
2.00-
2.99
10
C
624.00
1
4.2
1
39.0
1
1.6
11
1
0.7
1
22.4
1
4.4
1
2.8
1
1
3.47
1
1
2.94
1
D
226.90
46.42-
395.60
6
6.40
4.57-
11.12
6
83.76
61.93-
126.41
6
2.19
1.47-
2.65
6
1.89
0.98-
4.95
6
7.01
3.53-
9.74
6
5.31
4.16-
7.13
6
0.751
0.536-
1.087
6
17.62
4.57-
38.28
6
2.59
2.07-
3.13
6
21.51
15.37-
',33.33
6
2.49
1.28-
3.18
6
G B
504.40
181.57-
1148.11
8
5.07
3.18-
6.54
8
52.28
24.54-
70.98
8
1.88
1.107-
2.890
8
1.406
0.360-
5.080
8
14.566
4.30-
28.80
8
5.673
2.42-
8.39
8
2.584
0.480-
8.230
8
24.27
6.97-
46.64
6
3.73
2.98-
5.46
8
62.00
17.01-
123.44
7
3.69
2.34-
4.59
8
A
630.95
1
4.334
1
41.334
1
-1.308
1
0.909
1
28.346
1
3.830
1
0.512
1
1
2.35
1
1
4.74
• 1
H
292.8
1
7.350
1
140.99
1
3.891
1
0.378
1
7.568
1
8.378
1
2.074
1
51.9.
1
6.27
1
40.36
1
3.24
1
-------
Arctica
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
ygm/gm Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
IT
AT
\T
Mean
Range
?f Samples
Mean
Range
4' Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
iiean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
"Rean
Range
# Samples
ilcan
Range
;'/ Samples
14
627.60
296.8-
896.8
3
20.23
13.19-
30.08
3
256.0
206.21-
306.1
2
12.76
8.43-
19.61
3
4.59
3.59-
5.59
2
10. 3U
8.36-
12.50
3
16.50
10.04-
19.72
3
4.80
2.77-
7.42
3
61.66
35.65-
88.92
3
9.31
5.82-
13.62
3
34.07
8.33-
48.02
3
6.66
4.95-
7.909
3
9
972.8
615.7-
1373.0
10
22.11
9.99-
35.86
10
236.0
147.1-
332.7
10
7.698
4.60-
12.23
10
6.88
3.35-
8.80
10
2y.bU
16.41-
51.20
10
19.20
10.79-
28.96
10
4.03
2.59-
5.56
10
31.06
17.576-
46.705
10
15.75
10.58-
26.82
10
127.36
48.42-
256.88
10
14.16
7.594-
22.18
10
17
1324.
416.
2798.
a
20.
12.
29.
8
270.
166.
355.
8
13.
6.
22.
8
b.
3.
17.
8
41 .
21.
60.
8
22.
17.
56.
8
4.
2.
6.
8
33.
24.
58.
8
13.
7.
18.
8
96.
57.
198.
7
13.
6.
18.
8
15
3-
0
72
72-
62
0
7-
4
128
18-
71
18
28-
13
20
36-
33
90
44-
76
20
06-
53
53
00-
04
38
35-
55
21
92-
35
Ib
747-
195
1
727.18
330.4-
1131.0
11
27.93
11.33-
61 .80
11
250.0
125.1-
457.9
11
9.891
4.16-
27.91
11
5.Z6
2.87-
10.48
11
48.40
10.75-
264.94
11
19.80
13.46-
25.48
11
4.34
0.96-
11.95
11
37.10
18.42-
54.94
9
10.86
8.00-
22.48
11
76.37
20.38-
156.11
11
9.54
1.21-
25.19
12
2
861.5
368.9-
1931.0
4
24.05
10.44-
36.14
4
312.0
227.3-
425.0
4
8.68
6.15-
13.65
4
6.68
4.38-
11.29
4
zz.lu
7.95-
47.57
4
22.90
10.03-
22.75
4
3.17
2.49-
4.74
4
28.96
15.377-
40.66
4
8.12
6.29S-
10.706
4
59.59
49.85-
66.67
3
9.41
6.916-
13.382
4
5
679.5
520.0-
816.7
3
20.02
17.00-
23.37
3
241.0
148.1-
333.3
3
10.90'
6.37-
13.65
3
4.28
2.89-
5.96
3
22. 8U
15.00-
35.19
3
24.20
17.63-
32.30
3
3.53
1.99-
4.52
3
40.35
15.128-
59-556
3
10.769
9^.185-
12.308
3
98.352
70.37-
136.53
3
7.501
4.444-
10.37
3 .
8
1247.2
498.8
3299.0
5
19.92
10.12-
26.08
5
319.0
168.5-
513.0
5
6.984
3.69-
9.62
5
6.27
2.69-
18.30
5
21. bU
15.40-
35.26
5
19.80
13.06-
29.24
5
3.52
1.81-
6.13
5
39.93
19.09-
74.78
4
8.20
4.895-
10.73
5
106.85
39.04-
219.07
5
6.74
5.245-
11.594
5
1
976.
635.
1856.
6
15.
10.
21.
6
255.
108.
359.
6
8.
5.
13.
6
4.
2.
7.
6
23.
11.
49.
6
18.
11.
24.
6
3.
2.
6.
6
42.
25.
70.
6
9.
6.1
12.
6
56.
37.
74.
6
e!
9.
6
1
2
2-
0
97
96-
36
0
6-
6
Olb
26-
14
bU
88-
85
bO
50-
44
40
34-
40
65
18-
25
90
518-
83
64
75-
29
80
32-
97
"3T~
239-
615
-------
Arctica
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
' ymg/gm As hWeight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Hi
Cr
Al
T~
[lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Sainpjes
Mean
Range
# Saniples
Mean
Range
# S?mples
Mean
Range
// Samples
I -lean
Range
# Sainples
Mean
Range
# Samples
flea n
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
E
1138.18
329.50-
2114.00
10
19.11
13.39-
32.33
10
233.00
114.40-
278.80
10
8.048
4.59-
13.03
10
5.64
2.15-
10.63
10
29.20
14.63-
78.76
10
22.00
15.39-
51.70
10
5.94
2.18-
20.54
10
35.20
23.26-
43.19
7
11.89
7.01-
20.99
10
88.51
44.03-
162.73
10
7.62
5.68-
10.80
10
C
6092.0
1
40.52
1
381.00
1
16.09
1
7.19
1
219.00
1
42.80
1
27.30
1
1
33.91
1
1
28.74™
1
D
791.53
496.2-
1280.0
6
20.09
14.35-
31.92
6
266.00
199.6-
362.7
6
7. 10
4.23-
8.93
6
6.04
3.05-
15.58
6
22.7
11.13-
33.83
6
17.10
12.82-
24.05
6
2.43
1.54-
3.39
6
56.95
15.428-
133.037
6
8.30
6.701-
10.32
6
68.80
50.04-
112.49
6
"7.96
4.45-
10.32
6
G
3383.5
616.1-
8987.0-
8
28.83
17.49-
47.94
8
303.00
174.4-
464.4
8
1 1 .29
4.47-
20.92
8
7.15
1.18-
17.25
8
99.7
14.59-
225.49
8
29.00
15.53-
58.17
8
15.5
2.43-
64.46
8
71.19
29.77-
161.56
6
21 .98
10.12-
33.17
8
484.04
57.72-
1140.00
7
21.20
9.32-
35.95
8
B A
8156.00
r
56.62
1
534.00
1
Ib.yi
1
11.76
1
366.00
1
49.50
1
6.62
1
25.25
1
30.392
1
1
61 .27
' 1
H
915.0
1
22.97
1
441.00
1
12.16
1
1.18
__L_
23.6
1
26.20
1
6.48
1
62.16
1
79.59
1
126.13
1
10.14
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Echinarachnius ygm/gm Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
v —
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
=t Samples
14
29.31
1
6.42
1
6.71
1
0.292
1
0.92
1
3.00
1
40.97
1
0.00
1
0.00
1
2.693
1
13.828
1
4.003
1
9
44.90
1
7.501
1
5.41
1
0.086
1
0.52
1
1.61
1
22.41
1
0.14
1
11 .909
1
3.394
1
17.835
1
4.315
1
17
24.69
22.41-
28.12
3
7.08
6.47-
7.97
3
3.540
3.06-
3.87
3
0.08
0.034-
0.127
3
0.52
0.48-
0.57
3
1.873
1.75-
2.00
3
21.35
21.10-
22.19
3
0.06
0.03-
0.10
3
7.981
4.64-
13.34
3
3.099
2.99-
3.23
3
25.59
11.266-
53.88
3
4.356
4.12-
4.50
3
1 2
53.99
33.64-
80.35
3
4.80
4.13-
5.48
3
6.023
4.94-
7.26
3
0.28
0.217-
0.313
3
0.663
0.56-
0.77
3
3.593
3.27-
3.80
3
65.60
26.00-
136.67
3
0.097
0.05-
0.17
3
0.113
0.026-
0.159
3
1.587
1.068-
2.464
3
36.156
20.217-
55.80
3
3.559
3.18-
3.95
3
5
53.82
1
7.003
1
3.68
1
0.107"
1
U.34
1
1.33
1
17.91
1
0.14
1
3.069
1
2.744
1
19.497
1
4.333
1
8
291.26
1
6.230
1
4.17
1
0.031
1
0.49
1
2.19
1
20.93
1
0.03
1
7.882
1
3.489
1
166.978
1
4.673
1
11
273.44
1
6.583
1
4.30
1
0.000
1
O.ZZ
1
1.93
1
19.37
1
0.22
1
1.449
1
2.646
1
178.886
1
3.779
1
-------
Metals Concentrations In Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Echinarachnius
ygm/gm Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co"
Hi
Cr
A'l
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
ft Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
?;' Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
(lean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
ft Samples
E
21.57 -
18.33-
25.91
3
5.80
5.35-
6.09
3
4.176
3.59-
4.76
3
0.11
0.111-
0.115
3
0.403
0.39-
0.41
3
1.433
1.24-
1.57
3
17.677
17.18-
18.14
3
0.037
0.02-
0.07
3
1.538
0.204-
3,93
3
2.64
2.58-
2.73
3
15.630
11.19-
21.56
3
3.845
3.688-
3.94
3
C D
18.44
13.04
23.84
2
5.84
5.78-
5.89
2
18.440
13.04-
23.84
2
0.205
0.199-
0.211
2
0.785
0.78-
0.79
2
3.275
3.18-
3.37
2
33.76
33.71-
33.81
2
0.135
0.09-
0.18
2
0.056
0.00-
0.112
2
2.480
2.452-
2.507
2
17.89
13.659-
22.127
2
3.947
3.857-
4.037
2
6 B
44.97
1
6.012
1
8.30
1
0.241
1
0.79
1
3.26
1
39,26
1
0.06
1
30.275
1
3-949
1
67.068
1
4.074
1
A H
29.89
1
5.91
1
6.34
1
•0.365
1
0.80
1
3.99
1
40.16
1
0.00
1
0.107
1
3.253
1
23.947
1
3.932
1 •
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Echinarachnius
ygm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Hi
Cr
Al
V~~
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
r Samples
i'-ean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Me<;n
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
I'iean
Range
T? Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14
58.72
1
12.86
1
13.44
1
0.585
1
1 .84
1
6.01
1
82.08
1
0.00
1
0.00
1
2.693
1
13.828
1
4.003
1
9
80.19
1
13.39
1
9.66
1
0.153
1
0.93
1
2.88
1
40.03
1
0.25
1
21.27
1
6.062
1
31.854
1
7.707
1
17
42.74
37.31-
49.41
3
12.30
10.92-
14.01
3
5.77
5.38-
6.53
3
0.132
0.059-
0.214
3
0.90
0.84-
1.00
3
3.25
3.08-
3.37
-3
37.63
37.10-
38.34
3
.0.11
0.05-
0.18
3
13.719
8.165-
22.518
3
5.372
5.258-
5.456
3
43.729
19.81-
90.93
3
7.562
6.95-
7.929
3
1
103.41
74.12-
150.06
3
9.46
7.72-
12.07
3
11.80
8.86-
16.00
3
0.50
0.39-
0.58
3
1 .31
1.05-
1.70
3
7.04
6.11-
8.37
3
122.66
48.56-
245.14
3
0.19
0.11-
0.32
3
0.229
0.049-
0.35
3
3.058
2.226-
4.602
3
68.98
49.54-
104.21
3
6.907
6.626-
7.09
3
2 5
117.29
1
15.26
1
8.02
1
0.233
1
0.74
1
2.90
1
39.03
1
0.31
1
6.689
1
5.980
1
42.49
1
9.443
1 '
8
520.89
1
13.44
1
7.31
1
0.054
1
0.86
1
3.84
1
36.71
1
0.05
1
13.825
1
6.120
1
292.89
1
8.197
1
11
533.11
1
12.83
1
8.38
1
0.00
1
0.43
1
3.77
1
38.06
1
0.43
1
3.328
1
6.076
1
410.88
1
8.681
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoclerm and Mollusc Tissues
Echinarachnius
vgm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
€d
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
RT
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
' # SampTes
Mean
Range
" $ Samp! es
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Samples
E
39.54
35.58-
44.82
3
10.91
10.01-
11.50
3
7.86
6.71-
9.22
3
0.2113
0.207-
0.217
3
0.76
0.73-
0.79
3
2.71
2.32-
2.93
3
33.22
32.11-
34.33
3
0.07
0.04-
0.13
3
2.8/b
0.396-
7.35
3
4.955
4.82-
5.04
3
29.538
20.914-
41.793
3
7.228
6.89-
7.566
3. '
C
34.90
24.43-
45.37
2
11.205
11.20-
11.21
2
13.80
12.01-
15.59
2
0.39
0.35-
0.40
2
1.48
1.46-
1.50
2
6.18
6.05-
6.31
2
63.75
63.34-
64.15
2
0.26
0.17-
0.34
2
U.I 05
0.00-
0.211
2
4.679
4.666-
4.697
2
33.85
25.59-
42.11
2
7.453
7.225-
7.681
2
D G
86.27
1
12.68
1
15.92
1
0.460
1
1.52
00
1
6.25
1
75.32
1
0.12
1
bb.Ub
1
• 7.576
1
128.67
1
7.816
1
BAH
55.55
1
10.98
1
11.78
1
-0.680
1
1.49
00
1
7.42
1
74.64
1
0.00
1
u.iyy
• ' ,1-
6.045
1
44.51
1
7.307
• 1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle only wgm/gm Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
. Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
17.41
9.83-
25.20
5
0.034
0.29-
0.43
5
16.11
14.28-
19.01
5
1.09
0.68-
1.43
5
0.06
0.05-
0.07
5
1.83
0.80-
4.80
5
0.44
0.37-
0.48
5
0.04
0.02-
0.07
4
3.470
0.593-
6.589
4
0.6014
0.116-
1.162
4
6.310
2.857-
11.074
5
0.182
0.099-
0.313
4
17 1
11.74
1
0.272
1
13.620
1
0.302
1
0.052
1
0.479
1
0.332
1
8.708
1
0.086
1
0.112
1
5.094
1
0.129
1
258
5.05
1
0.290
1
12.861
1
0.155
1
0.062
1
0.923
1
0.373
1
0.073
1
0.156
1
0.104
1
4.356
1
0.207
1
11
31.66
14.18-
65.72
3
0.24
0.23-
0.26
3
17.78
13.72-
24.10
3
0.68
0.47-
0.85
3
0.05
0.03-
0.06
3
3.02
1.09-
6.03
3
0.48
0.44
0.51
3
0.04
0.02-
0.05
3
1.128
, 0.153-
2.638
3
0.437
0.12-
1.001
3
13.758
5.519-
25.599
3
0.228
0.055-
0.329
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle'only yg/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Mi
Cr
A'i
v
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
?/ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
* Samples
Mean
Range
ft Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
% Samples
C D G B A H
• 32.39
1
0.555
1
14.390
1
0.317
1
U.Ubl
1
0.816
1
0.334
1
0.215
1
1
0.136
1
4.192
1
"07113
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle only ygm/gm Dry Weight
Ke
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
i Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
96.99
58.87-
127.65
5
1.94
1.69-
2.46
5
90.873
81.091-
113.807
5
6.10
3.791-
8.40
5
0.332
0.281-
0.411
5
10.609
4.53-
28.70
5
2.498
2.125-
2.894
5
0.206
0.116-
0.392
4
I9.23b
3.549-
37.416
4
3.386
0.634-
6.599
' 4
34.919
16.219-
56.083
5
0.647
0.559-
1.584
4
17
50.42
1
1.168
1
58.49
1
1.298
1
0.223
1
2.058
1
1.427
1
0.037
1
U.3/1
1
0.482
1
21.876
1
0.556
1
1258
10.005
1
0.575
1
25.45
1
0.308
•
0.123
1
1.826
1
0.739
1
0.144
1
U.3U»
1
0.205
1
8.621
1
15.519
1
11
161.46
71.52-
328.45
3
1.25
1.16-
1.31
3
93.92
68.56-
134.86
3
3.48
2.63-
4.29
3
0.234
0.18-
0,30
3
16.30
5.49-
33.73
3
2.50
2.23-
2.75
3
0.19
0.124-
0.275
3
b./lb
0.856-
13.307
3
2.224
0.673-
5.057
3
70.013
30.887-
127.92
3
1.153
0.306-
1.663
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle only ugm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Mi
Cr
RT~
V
E
(lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Sainpjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
C D G B A H
. 140.381
1
2.406
1
62.349
1
1 .3/5
1
.221
1
3.535
1
1.448
1
0.933
1
1
0.589
1
18.164
1
0.491
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle only
ygm/gm Ash Weight
Ke
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
•T Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
813.98
545.4-
1385.0
5
15.65
12.71-
22.28
5
742.0
539.9-
1056.8
5
51.0
28.65-
86.74
5
2.65
2.27-
3.41
5
80.97
32.93-
210.17
5
20.19
15.45-
27.27
5
1.35
0.00-
2.85
5
161.606
25.989-
271.951
5
26.52
5.085-
47.967
5
301.14
117.886-
670.455
5
8.899
4.065-
18.939
4
17 1
552.8
1
12.81
I
641.3
14.23
1
2.44
1
22.56
1
15.65
1
0.41
1
4.065
1
5.285
1
239.84
1
6.098
1
258
270.0
1
15.56
1
688.9
1
8.33
1
3.33
1
49.44
1
20.00
1
3.89
1
8.333
1
5.555
1
233.33
1
11.111
1
11
1478.0
676.1-
3061.0
3
11.32
10.86-
T2.04
3
831.0
638.9-
1113.6
3
Jl.7
21.72-
40.57
3
2.15
1.52-
2.85
3
140.2
51.89-
278.54
3
22.5
21.07-
23.61
T
1.77
1.16-
2.27
3
53.54
7.071-
128.79
3
20.716
5.555-
47.799
3
643.81
255.05-
1192.13
3
10.712
2.525-
15.723
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - muscle'only vgm/gm Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
AT"
V
E
Mean
Range
T/ Samples
Mean
Range
:/ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
i'lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sasiiples
ilean
Range
,f Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
i'lean
Range
7^ Samples
C D G B A H
- 1869.0
1
32.03
1
830.1
1
18.30
1
z.y4
1
47.06
1
19.28
1
12.42
1
• 1 i
7.843
1
241.83
1
6-535
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot
ugm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
if Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
111.66
57. SB-
ISA. 54
5
1.01
0.87-
1.19
5
10.37
7.80-
14.96
5
10.69
8.28-
14.95
5
0.15
0.11-
0.20
5
3.90
2.94-
5.36
5
0.40
0.33-
0.50
5
0.17
0.07-
0.43
5
0.499
0.346-
0.749
4
0.4103
0.372-
0.447
5
37.56
7.216-
58.534
5
1.828
1.555-
2.011
5
17 1 2 5
1.23
1
2.52
1
16.119
1
8.993
1
0.097
1
2.549
1
0.534
1
0.136
1
0.484
1
0.738 . _. _.
1
50.522
1
4.454
1
8
171.68
1
0.996
1
15.809
1
3.977
1
0.136
1
8.292
1
0.743
1
0.063
1
2.940
1
Q.471
J_
62.83
, 1
2.039
1
11
233.41
205.47-
274.15
3
1.27
0.85-
1.58
3
9.72
9.25-
10.14
3
16.01
11.23-
19.23
3
0.12
0.08-
0.16
3
7.87
6.07-
10.07
3
0.54
0.50-
0.57
3
0.17
0.14-
0.19
3
0.508
0.488-
0.542
3
0.782
0.705-
0.913
3
91.686
15.54-
135.69
3
2.683
2.268-
2.982
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot ygm/gm Wet Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
3 Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
iyiean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
jf Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Ranga
if Samples
C D G B A H
. 151.09
1
1.484
1
12.394
1
/.4z4
1
0-087
1
4.571
1
0.&24
1
0.166
1
0.345
1
0.807
1
68.713
1
3.660
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echihoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot ygm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
849.56
575.13-
1093.89
5
8.09 •
6.67-
9.84
5
86.526
53.937-
149.49
5
87.865
55.05-
137.48
5
1 .211
0.836
1.69
5
31 . bZI
21.20-
49.32
5
3.306
2.190-
4.94
5
1.471
0.547-
4.306
5
3.272
2.324-
6.884
4
3.304
2.607-
4.110
5
300.17
47.976-
467.46
5
14.b33
12.341-
18.496
5
17
5.416
1
11.041
1
70.602
1
39.390
1
0.427
1
11 .Ibb
2.340
1
0.594
1
2.118
1
. 3-233
1
221.29
1
19.509
1
1 2 58
906.22
1
5.260
1
83.44
1
20.996
1
0.718
1
43.758
1
3.921
1
0.334
1
15.519
1
2.487
1
331.66
1
10.760
1
11
1207.8
1022.8-
1321.9
3
6.77
4.11-
9.85
3
51.01
42.87-
63.09
3
84.23
54.17-
109.39
3
0.65
0.358-
0.968
3
4U.3Z
34.67-
48.54
3
2.80
2.386-
3.36
3
0.882
0.68-
1.10
3
2.671
2.288-
3.372
3
4.131
3.771-
4.389
3
497.55
72.063-
751.86
3
14.156
10.938-
18.554
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot ' 'ygm/gm Dry Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
AT
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
:r Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Tlean
Range
# Samples
flean
Range
fr Samples
C D G B A H
. 872.38
1
- 8.574
1
71.563
1
42.87
1
0.504
1
26.39
1
3.602
l
0.961
1
1.993
1
4.659 -
1
396.73
1
21.133
1 '
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echihoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot pgm/gm Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
AT
V
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14
3119
1385
4764
5
27
22
33
5
279
227
360
5
291
239
405
5
4
3
5
5
107
70
145
5
10
9
12
5
4
2
10
5
14
9
20
4
11
8
12
5
1037
208
1710
5
bO
37
54
5
9
.0
.0-
.0
.77 •
.28-
.17
.6
.9-
.0
.8
.73-
.45
.10
.06-
.48
.6
.75
.45
.96
.54-
.00
.39
.00-
.37
.006
.903-
.303
.282
.957-
.121
.65
.937-
.03
.294
.415-
.75
17
3932.
1
81.
1
519.
1
289.
1
3.
1
82.
1
17.
1
4.
1
15.
1
23.
1
1627.
1
143.
1
0
18
1
6
14
10
21
37
574
77
05
443
1 2 58
5013.
1
29.
1
461.
1
' 116.
1
3.
1
242.
1
21.
1
1.
1
85.
1
13.
1
1834 .
1
59.
1
0
10
6
14
97
06
69
85
85
766
66
b<>4
11
8798.
6443.
10292.
3
47.
30.
64.
3
364.
317.
431.
3
614.
395.
896.
3
4.
3.
4.
3
297.
190.
354.
3
20.
16.
26.
3
6.
4.
8.
3
19.
16.
23.
3
0
0-
0
94
06-
09
4
9-
4
6
74-
91
35
61-
88
9
24
64
4
91-
80
41
95-
76
071
990
024
30.76
227114.
42.612
3
3133.
725.
4885.
3
101.
79.
130.
3
18
00-
85
33
91-
58
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - viscera & foot ygm/gm Ash Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
A!
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
7^ Samples
C D G B A H
5766.0
1
- 56.67
1
473.0
1
283.33
1
3.33
1
174.44
1
23.81
1
6.35
1
13.1/5
1
30.794
1
2622.22
1
139.68
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total ygm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14
84.75
44.05-
119.91
5
0.82
0.74-
0.93
5
11.97
9.28-
15.05
5
8.86
7.41-
11.46
5
0.12
0.09-
0.15
5
3.35
2.36-
5.22
5
0.41
0.34-
0.48
5
0.14
0.07-
0.31
4
1.22
0.71-
1.77
3
1.04
0.31-
2.91
4
86.16
4.99-
306.91
5
1.42
1.34-
1.53
4
9
36.13
1
• 0.972
1
1
3.497
1
1
1
1
1
2.441
1
0.302
1
19.38
1
1.59
1
17
6.439
1
1.405
1
14.88
1
4.685
1
0.074
1
1.523
1
0.433
1
1
0.29
1
0.43
1
28.00
1
2.35
1
1
79.07
75.44-
82.69
2
0.90
0.80-
1.00
2
14.85
12.84-
16.86
2
2.88
2.76-
3.00
2
0.20
0.17-
9.22
2
5.19
4.62-
5.75
2
0.79
0.62-
0.96
2
0.07
0.06-
0.08
2
0.430
0.365-
0.494
2
0.325
0.271-
0.378
2
39.16
30.369-
47.951
2
2.030
1.879-
2.180
2
2
40.11
1
0.721
1
18.04
1
2.578
1
0.154
1
2.653
1
0.567
1
0.052
1
0.423
1
0.248
1
17.43
1
1.341
1
5
123.69
17.12-
230.25
2
1.32
0.94-
1.70
2
27.87
20.99
34.76
2
2.93
2.77-
3.08
2
0.16
0.14-
0.19
2
13.30
2.90-
23.68
2
0.97
0.62-
1.32
2
0.10
0.08-
0.17
2
1.861
0.289-
3.430
2
0.473
0.289-
0.657
2
36.805
7.821-
65.789
2
1.795
1.709-
1.880
2 .
8
121.029
1
0.782
1
14.913
1
2.816
1
0.1134
1
6.050
1
0.618
1
0.0661
1
2.094
1
0.3593
1
45.053
1
1.482
1
11
167.23
143.36-
200.75
3
0.92
0.68-
1.13
3
12.27
11.37-
12.83
3
10.77
8.18-
12.35
3
0.10
0.07-
0.12
3
6.22
4.65-
8.92
3
0.51
0.49-
0.53
3
0.12
0.11-
0.13
3
0.75
0.39-
1.30
3
0.69
0.53-
0.95
3
121.09
88.19-
174.13
3
1.86
1.64-
2.06
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total • ygm/gm Wet Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
% Samples
Mean
Range
# Sauiples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
7? Samples
C D
. 100.84
1
• 1.09
1
13.24
1
4.415
1
0.071
1
2.946
1
0.501
1
0.186
1
8.41
1
0 52
1
41.40
1
2.16
1
G B A H
89.71
1
0.738
1
14. yb
1
2.95
1
0.179
1
4.423
1
0.596
1
0.092
1
0.321
1
0.964
1
cjy.69
1
1.24
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total ygm/gm Dry Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Hi
Cr
AT
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14
588,60
367.44-
765.91
5
5.86
5.13-
7.03
5
86.91
64.49-
122.11
5
58.34
38.10-
92.62
5
0.84
0.69-
1.09
5
24.39
15.07-
42.63
5
2.43
1.05-
3.57
5
1.05
0.50-
2.54
4
11.91
7.07-
15.73
3
3.88
1.87-
4.88
4
207.62
46.90-
334.64
5
12.30
10.01-
13.86
4
9
203.43
1
• 5.477
1
89.24
1
19.69
1
2.879
1
19.40
1
4.58
1
0.377
1
13.74
1
1.699
1
109.07
1
8.971
1
17
27.94
1
6.098
1
64.54
1
20.32
1
0.329
1
6.606
1
1.882
1
0.315
1
1.24
1
1.86
1
121.47
1
10.02
1
1
480.
476.
483.
2
5.
5.
5.
2
89.
82.
97.
2
17.
15.
19.
2
1.
1.
1.
2
31.
29.
33.
2
4.
3.
5.
2
0.
0.
0.
2
2.
2.
2.
2
1.
1.
2.
2
3
62-
81
46
15-
77
74
321-
157
56
913-
210
21
005-
406
41
653-
166
74
949-
528
43
334-
535
60
343-
848
96
740-
178
235.58
194.78-
276.38
2
12.
12.
12.
2
31
048-
563
2
264.8
1
4.762
1
119.04
1
17.006
1
1.02
1
17.498
1
3.742
1
0.34
1
2.79
1
1.63
1
114.97
1
8.843
1
5
537
95
979
2
6
5
7
2
.8
.63-
.96
.25
.24-
.26
141.75
89.34-
194.15
2
14
11
17
2
0
0
0
2
58
16
100
2
4
3
5
2
0
0
0
2
8
1
14
2
2
1
2
2
161
43,
280
2
8
8
9
2
.51
.80-
.22
.79
.77-
.80
.55
.30-
.80
.54
.48-
.60
.46
.18-
.73
.108
.615-
.60
.207
.615-
.80
.84
.686-
.00
.773
.00-
.545
8
423.96
1
2.739
1
52.239
1
9.863
1
0.398
1
21.194
1
2.209
00
1
0.232
1
7.334
1
1.259
1
157.831
1
5.191
1
11
870.71
700.17
1007.51
3
4.83
3.40
6.48
3
54.84
29.89
69.39
3
56.38
41.07
67.70
3
0.51
0.34-
0.67
3
32.08
24.77
44.78
3
2.68
2.48-
3.03
3
0.64
0.58'
0.71
3
4.90
3.22-
6.03
3
3.51
2.98'
4.51
3
359.28
65.00-
506.68
3
9.71
8.16
11.83
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echin'oderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total " ' ygm/gm Dry Weight
l-e
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
wr
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
^ Samples
C
• 510.38
1
• 5.523
1
67.01
1
22.35
1
0.363
1
15.09
1
2.536
1
0.947
1
42.58
1
2.65
1
209.52
1
10.93
1
D G B A H
548.56
1
4.517
1
91.47
1
18.04
1
1.095
1
27.04
1
3.647
1
0.561
1
1.964
1
. 5_.89____.
1
242.70
1
7.576
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total ygm/gm Ash Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
N.i
Cr
Al
V
Mean 2
Range i
4
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
i Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean 1
Range
1
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14
!942.79
266.85-
i286.68
5
26.47
21.06-
32.10
5
326.99
256.57-
406.52
5
265.95
214.72-
367.91
5
3.94
3.010-
5.30
5
107.06
66.98-
152.51
5
11.93
10.21-
13.32
5
4.00
2.07-
9.12
5
59.69
20.92-
133.54
3
18.08
10.80-
32.87
4
016.84
454.81-
583.77
5
49.53
47.29-
51.65
4
9
1670.0
1
•44.96
1
732.6
1
161.63
1
23.64
1
159.30
1
37.60
1
3.10
1
112.78
1
13.953
1
895:35
1
73.64
1
17
2604.0
1
53.70
1
546.32
1
228.27
1
3.838
1
88.56
1
21.693
1
3.487
1
13.01
1
19.65
1
1318.09
1
112.85
1
1
2883.
2802.
2964.
2
32.
29.
35.
2
540.
476.
604.
2
105.
98.
111.
2
7.
6.
8.
2
188.
171.
206.
2
28.
22.
34.
2
2.
2.
3.
2
15.
13.
17.
2
11.
10.
13.
2
1423.
1127.
1718.
2
73.
69.
78.
2
0
0-
0
89
84-
94
45
7-
2
10
96-
24
195
25-
14
98
71-
25
625
87-
38
59
08-
10
637
566-
708
81
078-
542
33
91-
75
946
767-
125
2
1323.0
1
23.81
1
595.2
1
85.03
1
5.10
1
87.41
1
18.71
1
1.70
1
13.95
1
8.163
1
574.83
1
44.22
1
5
4062
700
7424
2
46
38
55
2
1049
676
1421
2
107
89
126
2
5
5
6
2
441
119
763
2
33
25
42
2
3
1
5
2
61
11
no
2
16
n
21
2
1220
319
2121
2
65
60
69
2
.2 4
.3-
.0
.75
.44-
.05
.30
.8-
.7
.74
.39-
.08
.86
.65-
.06
.50
,35-
.64
.98
.54-
.42
45
.34-
.56
.217
.828-
.606
.520
.827-
.212
.55 1
.89-
.21
.249
.606-
.892
8
690.41
1
28.179
1
477.060
1
108.807
1
3.926
1
222.96
1
21.575
1
1.989
1
80.575
1
13.199
1
725.74
1
56.231
1
n
8151.45
5888.21
9437.25
3
43.91
28.87
59.37
3
406.29
370.56'
458.88
3
553.55
373.66-
820.79
3
4.12
3.54-
4.42
3
277.31
159.37-
350.15
3
20.68
17.74-
26.29
3
5.92
4.81-
8.15
3
22.51
16.60-
32.16
3
31.13
43 '.07
3
1554.01
595.66-
3362.68
3
92.05
75.34-
120.37
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Pecten - total ' ugm/gm Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
f'in
Pb
Co
Hi
Cr
A!
V~
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range-
// Samples
flean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
C D
. 4492.0
1
48.61
1
52b.23
1
243.83
1
3.271
1
155.45
1
23.134
1
7.254
1
178. U4
1
27.37
1
2267.42
1
119.84
1
G ' B A H
2785.0
1
22.93
1
464.4
1
91.60
1
5.56
1
137.32
1
18.52
1
Z.«b
1
9.972
-> -
29.915
1
1232.2
1
38.462
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices wgm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
14 9
85.115
1
6.253
1
54.869
1
0.340
1
0.244
1
3.024
1
1.407
1
0.078
1
1.358
1
0.474
1
14.879
1
0.518
1
17
99.63
77.22-
121.50
2
6.58
3.48-
9.68
2
31.62
26.59-
36.66
2
0.77
0.64-
0.89
2
0.09
0.05-
0.13
2
4.83
3.26-
6.40
2
0.95
0.75-
1.15
2
0.18
0.07-
0.29
2
1.409
0.955-
1.862
2
0.335
0.329-
0.342
2
21.65
19.90-
23.40
2
0.923
0.774-
1.071
2
1
64.014
r
8.969
1
46.086
1
0.53
1
0.144
1
4.827
00
1
0.585
1
0.109
1
0.633
1
0.446
1
6.446
1
0.467
1
2
85.53
56.22-
114.84
2
9.66
6.71-
12.60
2
34.94
32.25-
37.63
2
0.92
0.53-
1.31
2
0.42
0.37-
0.47
2
6.74
6.25
7.23
2
1.36
1.04-
1.68
2
0.02
0.02-
0.02
2
0.985
0.64-
1.33
2
0.35
" 0.27- -
0.43
2
28.92
13.71-
44.129
2
0.498
0.405-
0.591
2
5
93.29
i"
5.582
1
45.396
1
0.286
1
0.277
1
1.017
1
0.764
1
0.091
00
1
0.936
1
0.311
1
25.96
1
0.483
1-
8 11
96.10
T"
6.32
1
47.284
1
0.838
1
0.285
1
3.015
1
0.948
1
0.039
00
1
0.421
1
0.290
1
24.53
1
0.483
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices • ' • ymg/gm Wet Weight
t-e
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb~
Cb~
Ni
Cr
AT"
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
TT Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
-// Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range-
# Samples
i-lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
// Sainples
C D
• 111.43
1
7.152
1
29.483
1
0.52
1
0.212
1
7.928 -
1
1.001
1
0.099
1
0.683
1
0.372
1
20.851
1
O.bOb
1
G B A H
59.85
1
6.782
1
128.12
1
0.89
—
0.103
1
0.645
1
0.807
1
u.Ubb
1
1 .Zb
1
6.327
1
«.73b
1
1.679
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices ygm/gm Dry Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
A 'I
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
lean
Range
# Samples
14 9
299.36
1
18.32 •
1
160.75
1
0.998
1
0.716
1
8.859
1
4.121
1
0.227
1
3.980
1
1.388
1
43.59
1
1.518
1
17
330.36
236.71-
424.01
2
20.91
12.15-
29.67
2
102.6
92.78-
112.37
2
2.54
1.97-
3.10
2
0.30
0.16-
0.44
2
16.2
10.00-
22.35
2
3.07
2.63-
3.51
2
0.60
0.20-
1.01
2
4.52
3.33-
5.71
2
1.10
1.01-
1.19
2
70.59
69.46-
71.72
2
2.99
2.70-
3.28
2
1
215.8
1
30.236
1
155.36
1
1.79
1
0.487
1
16.273
1
1.971
1
0.369
1
2.134
1
1.504
1
21.73
1
1.573
1
2
240.05
194.33-
285.16
2
27.30
23.22-
31.37
2
102.5
93.62-
111.46
2
2.92
1.32-
4.51
2
1.22
1.17-
1.28
2
19.8
17.99-
21.59
2
3.88
3.59-
4.17
2
0.06
0.05-
0.07
2
3.08
1.57-
4.60
2
1.01
0.93-
1.08
2
78.60
47.39-
109.80
2
1.44
1.40-
1.47
2
5
284.89
1
17.046
1
138.63
1
0.875
1
0.846
1
3.107
1
2.335
1
0.277
1
2.857
00
1
0.949
1
79.274
1
1.476
1.
8 n
281.42
1
18.52
1
138.46
1
2.454
1
0-835
1
8.828
1
2.775
1
0.115
1
1.234
00
1
-.848
1
71.83
1
1.414
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices ' ygra/gm Dry Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Rang^
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range-
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
C D
• 392.05
--
1
25.165
--
1
103.727
--
1
1.836
—
1
0.745
--
1
27.89
--
1
3.524
--
1
0.347
--
1
2.40
--
1
T.31
--
1
73. 3b
—
1
1.787
—
1
6 B A H
182.68
1
20.701
--
1
391.04
__
1
2.717
--
1
0.313
--
1
1.970
--
1
2.465
--
1
0.202
— —
1
3.850
—
- - -1 -—
0.998
—
1
26.665
--
1
5.124
__
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices ygm/gm Ash Weight
14 9 17
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
1926.0
1
141.5
1
1241.6
1
7.71
1
5.53
1
68.43
1
31.83
1
1.76
1
30.737
1
10.72
1
336.68
1
11.725
1
3481.0
2003.0-
4960.0
2
196.60
142.14-
251.07
2
1018.1
950.8-
1085.4
2
26.48
16.67-
36.29
2
3.32
1.40-
5.24
2
173.0
84.62-
261.42
2
30.2
29.70-
30.71
2.
6.77
1.71-
11.83
2
43.64
38.98-
48.29
2
11.27
8.55-
13.98
?
709.67
606.84-
812.5
2
29.69
27.78-
31.59
2
1
2158.0
1
302.36
1
1553.6
1
17.90
1
4.87
1
162.73
1
19.71
1
3.69
1
21.34
1
15.04
1
217.31
1
15.73
1
2
2071.0
1713.0-
2429.0
2
235.69
204.7-
266.67
2
889.1
795.8-
982.5
2
25.51
11.25-
39.78
2
10.64
10.00-
11.29
2
171.6
152.92-
190.32
2
33.56
31.69-
35.42
2
0.52
0.42-
0.62
2
26.93
13.33-
40.53
2
8.70
8.23-
9.17
9
675.51
417.69-
933.33
2
12.425
12.35-
12.5
2
5
2681.0
1
160.417
1
1304.6
1
8.23
1
9.52
1
273.81
1
26.88
1
1.49
1
26.885
1
8.929
1
746.03
1
13.889
1.
8 11
3174.0
1
208.9
1
1561.6
1
27.68
1
9.42
1
99.57
1
31.30
1
1.30
1
13.913
1
9.565
1
810.15
1
15.94
1
-------
Metals Concentrations In Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Polinices • ' ugm/gm Ash Weight
I:e
Cu
Ln
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
A!
V
E
Mean
Range
# Samples _
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range-
# Samples
ilean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
C D
3105.0
l
199.30
1
821.5
1
14.54
1
5.90
1
220.91
1
27.91
1
2.75
1
I9.02b
1
10. 3//
1
580.97
1
14.151
1
G B A H
1810.0
1
205.10
1
3874.4
1
26.92
1
3.11
1
91.52
1
24.42
1
2.00
1
38.14
1
9.886
1
264.19
1
50.768
r
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - viscera & foot pgm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
§ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 8 11
130.44
1
1.343
1
12.605
1
0.075
1
0.484
1
5.590
1
0.474
1
0.414
1
0.529
1
0.484
1
48.89
1
0.688
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - viscera & foot ' ' ygm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
E C
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
fr Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range-
# Samples
[•lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
7^ Samples
D G B A H
189.01
1
0.653
1
12.855
1
0.132
1
0.704
1
10.507
1
0.673
1
0.464
1
0.483
1
0.881
1
144.02
1
1 .259
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - viscera & foot ngm/gm Dry Weight
h'e
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Ai
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
•lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 8 11
586.77
1
6.042
1
56.701
1
0.337
1
2.176
1
25.14
1
Z. 130
1
1 .861
1
Z-383
1
2.176
1
219.93
1
3.093
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula
E C D
Fe Mean
Range
# Samples
Cu Mean
Range
# Samples
Zn Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Cd Mean
Range
# Samples
Ag Mean
Range
# Samples
Mn Mean
Range
# Samples
'Pb Mean _- .. , _
Range
# Sampjes
Co Mean
Range
# Samples
Ni Mean
Range-
# Samples
Cr Mean
Range
# Samples
Al Mean
Range
# Samples
V Mean
Range
9 Samples
vigm/gm Dry Weight
G B A H
720.97
1
2.491
1
49.04
1
U-505
1
2.687
1
40.078
1
2.567
1
1.771
1
1.841
1
3.362
1
549.38
1
4.803
r
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echihoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - viscera & foot vgm/gm Ash Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
AT
V
14
Mean
Range
# Sajnples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sajnples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 8 11
46.91
1
48.30
1
4533.0
1
2.70
1
17.40
1
201.01
1
17.03
1
14.88
1
19.048
1
17.399
1
1758.2
1
24.725
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
Spisula - viscera &foot
E C
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
if- Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
' ygm/gm Ash Weight
D G B A .H
7747.0
1
26.77
1
526.9
1
5.43
1
28.87
1
430.65
1
27.58
1
19.03
1
19.785
1
36.129
1
5903.2
1
51.613
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscle only ygm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Hi
Cr
ET~
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 3 11
27.56
1
0.331
1
10.565
1
0.018
1
0.033
1
0.267
1
0.380
1
0.059
1
2.102
1
0.067
1
2.567
1
0.037
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscle only ygm/gm Wet Weight
E C D
Fe Mean
Range
// Samples
Cu Mean
Range
# Samples
Zn Mean
Range
# Samples
Cd Mean
Range
# Samples
Ag Mean
Range
# Samples
Mn Mean
Range
$ Samples
Pb K.ean
Range
-*• '
% Samples
Co Mean "~
Range
# Samples
Ni Mean ^
Range
% Samples
Cr Mean
Range
TT Samples
Al Mean
Range
# Samples
\T i'lean
Range
1} Samples
G -B A . H
39.77
1
0.264
1
9.964
1
0.023
1
U.U69
1
0.920
1
0.249
1
0.061
1
0.257
1
0.115
1
10.27
1
0.115
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscle only ugm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 8 11
105.56
1
- 1.268
1
40.455
1
0.071
1
0.128
1
1.022
1
1.453
1
0.227
1
8.048
1
0.256
1
9.829
1
0.142
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscTe only gm/gm/ Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
M,n
Pb
Co
Ni
CF~
KT
E C D
(lean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
I'i^an
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
•# Samples
"Mean
Range
# Samples
iiean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
V Maan
Range
// Samples
G B A H
156.12
1
1.038
1
39.11
1
0.090
1
0.271
1
3.610
1
U.977
1
0.240
1
1.008
1
0.451
1
40.31
1
0.451
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscle only ygm/gm Ash Weight
He
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
A1
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
•r Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9 17 1 2 5 8 11
1604.0
1
'19.26
1
614.7
1
1.08
1
1.95
1
15.53
1
22.08
1
3.46
1
122.29
1
3.89
1
149.35
1
2.164
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - muscle only ' 'y9m/9m/ Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
NT
Cr
Al
V
E C D G
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
~?--^
# Samples
Mean ~""
Range. „
# Samples
Mean -..^^
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
BAH
2621.0
1
17.42
1
656.6
1
1.52
1
4.55
1
60.61
1
16.41
1
4.04
1
16.919
1
7.576
1
676.77
1
7.576
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echihoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - total ugm/grn/ Wet Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9
104.21
1
1.084
1
12.084
1
0.06
1
0.368
1
4.232
1
0.450
1
0.458
1
0.93
1
0.38
1
37.08
1
0.52
1
17 1 2 5 8 11
49.50
36.09-
62.23
4
1.20
0.87-
1.57
4
14.30
12.38-
17.42
4
0.13
0.05-
0.28
4
0.20
0.15-
0.28
4
2.13
1.53-
3.67
4
0.85
0.58-
1.60
4
0.16
0.06-
0.38
4
1.44
1.373-
1.549
3
0.28
0.248-
0.301
1
19.06
12.73-
25.094
3
0.55
0.334-
0.838
3
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - total ' wgm/gm Wet Weight
he
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V
E C
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Sr.mples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
w Sainples
Mean
Range "*
# Samples
Mean
Range
/,' Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
% Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
D 6 B
102.43
—
1
0.656
—
1
12.388
__
1
0.052
—
1
0.250
--
1
3.981
--
1
U.473
__
1
0.171
— —
1
0.361
--
1
0.271
-_•=.- -
1
38.577
--
1
0.333
--
1
A H
150.95
--
1
0.553
1
12.117
"•
1
0.097
—
1
0.542
--
1
8.062
—
1
0.564
—
1
0.361
—
1
0.31
--
1
0.31
- --
1
44.38
--
1
11.21
—
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - total ygm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
Al
V"
14
Mean
Range
# Sampjes
Mean
Range
3 Samples
i-'ean
Runge
H '-' -nples
KL-
1.52
4
7.33
6.512-
8.135
3
1.41
1.324-
1.583
3
95.59
68.197-
116.998
3
2.80
1 .790-
4:397
3 •
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Spisula - total * " ugm/gm Dry Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
f'in
Pb
Co
Mi
Cr
A!
V~
E C D
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
r Samples ~ . .
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
IiGan
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
// Samples
Mean
Range
$ Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
G B
434.24
--
1
2.781
--
1
52.52
-—
1
U.ZZZ
— ••
1
1.058
--
1
16.878
--
1
2.UU5
~ ••
1
0.726
--
1
1.532
--
1
1.149
--
1
163.54
--
1
1.411
—
1
A H
579.98
--
1
541.27
—
1
46.561
".
1
0.401
—
1
2.083
—
1
30.975
— —
1
1-572
— —
1
1.388
— ™
1
1.22
--
1
29.11
--
1
167.38
--
1
1.54
—
1
-------
Metals Concentrations in Echinoderm and Mollusc Tissues
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Ni
Cr
A'l
V
Spisula - total
14
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Rangs
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
9
4152.0
1
26.50
1
469.50
1
2.537
1
15.849
1
182.39
1
17.537
1
13.734
1
29.41
1
16.04
1
1596.76
1
22.46
1
ugm/gm Ash Weight
17 1 2 5 . 8 11
1664.0
1076.0-
2754.0
A
38.81
26.09-
50.00
4
479.3
369.1-
770.8
4
4.79
1.36-
12.50
4
6.78
4.35-
12.50
4
133.32
45.52-
277.17
4
29.90
13.68-
70.83
4
6.43
1.74-
16.67
4
41.59
37.82-
46.19
3
8.02
7.42-
8.96
3
544.55
379.53-
679.49
3
15.89
9.964-
24.876
3
-------
Metals
in Echinoderm and Mollusc Ti
ygm/gm Ash Weight
Fe
Cu
Zn
Cd
Ag
Mn
Pb
Co
Mi
Cr
Al "
V '
E
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
$ SciiTiol es
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samples
Mean
Range
# Samoles
Mean
Range
# Samples
Tiaan
Range
# Sainples
Mean
Range
# Samples
"f'ban
Range
f; Samoles
Mean
Range
;" Samples
i;rjan
R-inge
$ Samoles
f:::,m
Range
// Samples
C D G
4489.0
--
1
28.75
1
542.9
1
2.29
1
10.94
--
1
174.48
--
1
20.73
__
1
7.50
'-—
1
15.833
--
1
11.875
--
1
1690.63
--
1
14.583
--
1
BAH
6847.2
—
1
25.13
— —
1
b3b.77
t "™ ~
1
5.16
1
27.207
.
1
405.351
--
1
21.816
--
1
18.005
--
1
17.11
--
1
9.52
— —
1
1034.10
--
1
10.59
--
1
—
,»
f
.
-*•
«
•
.
•
*
i
j
i
-------
This report has been reviewed by Region III
for publication. Approval does not signify
necessarily reflect the views and policies
Protection Agency, nor does the mention of
commercial products constitute endorsement
for use.
, EPA, and approved
that the contents
f the Environmental
trade names or
recommendation
------- |