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EPA 903/9-79-004
                              Annapolis  Held Office
                                    Region  III
                          Environmental  Protection Agency
                              Lehlgh River  Intensive



                                     March  1979
                                Daniel K. Donnelly
                                Joseph L. Slayton
                                E. Ramona Trovato
                           Annapolis Field Office Staff
     John Austin                                         Donald Lear
     James Barron                                        Tangie Lindsey
     Robert Ambrose                                      James Marks
     Robert Bubeck                                       Margaret Mason
     Leo Clark                                           Ruth Ann McGuire
     Gerry Crutch!ey                                     Evelyn McPherson
     Ann Donaldson                                       Margaret Munro
     Gerry Donovan                                       Thomas Munson
     Bettina Fletcher                                    Maria 0'Mailey
     Norman Fritsche                                     Thomas Pheiffer
     Marilyn Gower                                       Janet Roberson
     Victor Guide                                        Susan Smith
     George Houghton                                     Earl Staton
     Patricia Johnson                                    William Thomas
     Ronald Jones                                        Robert Vallandingham
     Rosemary Kayser                                     Orterio Villa

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                              Disclaimer

     The mention of trade names or commercial products in this
report is for illustration purposes and does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.

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                                      Table  of  Contents
                                                                               Page
 •         I.   Purpose  and  Scope	         1
          II.   Study  Description   	         2
 •             A.   Stream  Sampling  	         3
 •             B.   Effluent Sampling	         3
               C.   Long Term BOD  Experiment	         3
 •             D.   Diurnal  Study   	  ......         7
               ฃ.   Flow Measurement  	  .....         7
 •             F.   Time of  Travel	         9
               G.   Benthic  Characterization  	         9
 •       III.   Field  Procedures 	         9
 •             A.   Sample Collection	         9
 *             B.   Sample Preservation  	       11
 •             C.   Field Analyses	       11
               D.   Flow Measurement	       12
 I             E.   Time of  Travel	       12
               F.   Sediment Oxygen Demand	       13
          IV.   Laboratory  Procedures  	       14
 _             A.   Chlorophyll  a_	       14
 •             B.   Nitrogen Series	       14
 •             C.   Phenol	       15
               D.   Cyanide	       15
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               E.  Metals	        15
               F.  Sediments	        15
               G.  DO/BOD	        17
               H.  Long Term BOD	        19

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                             Table of Contents (con't)
                                                                      Paqe
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  V.   Results	       22
      A.   Stream Survey	       22
      B.   Effluent Survey	       31
      C.   Long Term BOD Experiment	       37             •
      D.   Diurnal  Study	       82
      E.   Flow Measurement	       35             |
      F.   Time of Travel	       87
      G.   Benthic Characterization 	 ......       89
 VI.   Conclusions  	  .......       92
VII.   Appendices 	 ......       94
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                                               Tables
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          II-l   Stream Stations 	         4
 •        IJ-2   Zinc Sampling Stations  	         5
          II-3   Effluent Sampling Stations  	 ,  	         6
 |        11-4   Diurnal  Stations	         8
 _       V-A-1   Field Data  From Stream Samples  	        22
 ™       V-A-2   Nutrient and BOD Data From Stream Samples	        25
 •       V-A-3   Chlorophyll  a Data From Stream Samples   	        27
         V-A-4   Phenol  Data  From Stream Samples	        28
 I       V-A-5   Cyanide Data for Stream Samples 	        29
         V-A-6   Zinc Data for Stream Samples	        30
 I       V-B-1   Effluent Grab Sample Data	        31
 .       V-B-2   Effluent Composite Sample Data  	        33
 •       V-B-3   Phenol  Data  for Effluent Samples  	        35
 •       V-B-4   Cyanide Data for Effluent Samples 	        36
         V-C-1   Long Term BOD Data for Unaltered River Samples	        37
•       V-C-2   Long Term BOD Data for Seeded Effluent Samples	        48
         V-C-3   Long Term BOD Data for Seeded and Diluted Effluent
|               Samples	        54
_       V-C-4   Thomas Graphical Determination of BOD Constants for
•               Unaltered  River Samples  	        55
•       V-C-5   Thomas Graphical Determination of BOD Constants for
                 Seeded Effluent Samples  	        70
         V-C-6  Thomas Graphical  Determination of BOD Constants for
                 Seeded and Diluted Effluent Samples  ..........        75

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Tables (con't)
V-C-7 Compilation of CBOD River Sample Kinetics 	
V-C-8 Compilation of NOD River Sample Kinetics 	
V-C-9 Compilation of CBOD and NOD Kinetics for Effluent
Samples . . 	
V-D-1 Diurnal Data 	
V-E-1 Major Discharge Flows ..... 	 ...
V-E-2 Stream Flows 	 ......
V-F-1 Time of Travel 1977 	 	 	
V-F-2 Time of Travel 1976 	 	
V-G Benthic Characterization ... . . 	

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                                               Figures
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            V-G-1   Sediment Oxygen  Demand 	      90
 •         C-l     Benthic  Respirometer 	      99
            C-2     Typical  Graph  and Worksheet from Respirometer  	     TOO


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         I.   Purpose  and  Scope

              During  the  week of October  3, 1977, the Annapolis  Field Office  and
 •      the  Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources  Reading jointly
 _      conducted  a  one  week intensive survey on the lower  reach of the Lehigh
 •      River between  Palmerton and the  mouth.  The study was designed to  define
 •      low-flow water quality, hydrologic and  benthic characteristics necessary
         for  calibration  and verification of  a mathematical  model being developed
 I      by the EPA Region III  Water Planning Branch.  The water quality char-
         acterization included  analysis of stream and major  discharge samples
 I      for  dissolved  oxygen  (DO), biochemical  oxygen demand  (BOD), nitrogen
 •      series and other indicators of water quality conditions; a 24 consecutive
         hour sampling  program  to  define  diurnal fluctuations  in DO; and a  long
 I      term laboratory  experiment designed  to  differentiate  between carbonaceous
         and  nitrogenous  components of the long  term BOD.  The hydro!ogical
 |      aspects of the study included stream gaging; flow measurement at major
 mm      discharges;  and  a dye  study to determine travel times in various segments
         of the river.  In situ sediment  oxygen  demand (SOD) measurements and
 I      analysis of  sediment samples  for nutrients and selected metals were  included
         in the benthic characterization  program.
 I           The study  was planned for what was  expected to  be a low stream flow
 _       period so  that water quality  responses  to pollutant loadings could be
 ™       evaluated  under  the most  severe  conditions.  The optimal flow condition
 •       for  the study  would have  been about  600 CFS in the  Lehigh River. Unfortunately,

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the study period was preceded by heavy rainfall  which increased flows to          •
over 2000 CFS.  The U.S. Army Corps.,  of Engineers participated in the             •
study effort by restricting releases  from the upstream reservoirs on
the Lehigh.  Through the release restrictions, the Corps was able to              I
decrease the river flow to about 1500 CFS by the end of the study period.
The study was initiated despite the high flows in hopes that the release          I
restrictions could drop the flow below 1000 CFS and because a good steady-        •
state low flow, moderate temperature  condition would not occur for another
year.                                                                             |
     The U.S. Geological Survey also  cooperated in the study by measuring
cross-sectional areas and flows at selected places in the river.  The             |
results of their program are reported separately.             -                    •
II.  Study Description
     The Annapolis Field Office and the Pennsylvania DER shared in both
the field and laboratory segments of the survey.  AFO field teams conducted       J
stream sampling from Allentown to Easton, effluent sampling at Bethlehem          .
Steel, time of travel, and benthic characterizations.  Pennsylvania  DER           ™
field personnel were responsible for effluent sampling at Allentown  and           •
Bethlehem sewage treatment plants and the New Jersey Zinc Friedensville
Mine, stream sampling above Allentown, and stream flow measurement.               ||
Teams from both DER and AFO participated in the diurnal study.  The
cyanide analyses were performed by the DER laboratory in Harrisburg  and           •
all of the the other laboratory analyses were done at AFO.                        •
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                 A.  Stream Sampling
 •                    On each of three consecutive days (10/4, 10/5, 10/6) stream
       samples were collected at the stations shown in Table II-l.  For the stations
 I     on the Lehigh River, spatial composite samples (see III-A for explanation)
       were collected and for tributary stations mid-channel  grab samples were
 •     collected.  DO, pH and temperature were measured in the field and all samples
 •     were anlayzed for BOD5, TKN, NH3, N02, N03, NBOD (nitrogenous BOD) and CBOD
       (carbonaceous BOD).  One sample from each station was  analyzed for zinc,
 •     cyanide, phenol and chlorophyll a_ sometime during the study.  (Analyses for
       these parameters were staggered to avoid overloading the AFO laboratory.)
 •                    At the suggestion of Pennsylvania DER,  two sets of grab samples
 •     were taken between Palmerton and Allentown for zinc analysis.  This was done
       to monitor the effect of the discharges from New Jersey Zinc's Palmerton
 •     plant.  Table I 1-2 lists the locations for the zinc monitoring stations.

 •               B.  Effluent Sampling
                      Starting on Monday October 3, 1977, three consecutive 24-hour
 •     composite samples were taken at each of the discharge points listed in Table
       I 1-3.  All of the composite samples were analyzed for pH, BODc. TKN, NH , NO ,
                                                                    I5         32
       NBOD and CBOD except those from New Jersey Zinc which  were only analyzed for
 •     zinc.  Grab samples were collected once each day at each station for pH,
       temperature and DO.  With the exception of New Jersey Zinc, all of the
 •     effluent samples collected during the first compositing period were analyzed
       for cyanide and phenol.
                 C.  Long Term BOD Experiment
                      A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the carbonaceous
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Station No.
    A
    B

    C
    D

    L-l
    L-3
    L-4
    L-5
    L-9
    L-10
    L-ll
    L-l 2
    L-l 3
    L-14
    L-15
    L-l 6
    S-6
    S-7

    S-8
    T-l
    T-2
    T-6
Lehigh River Mile
  Table II-l
Stream Stations

    Tributary
   River Mile
     17.3
     14.1
     11.8
     11.0
      9.6
      7.9
      6.2
      4.9
      3.3
      2.3
      1.5
      0.3
      9,8
     16.8
     11-8
   SI. 43
   SO.5

   SO.l


   SO. 55
   Station Description
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Lehigh at Catasaqua Bridge
Aquashicola Creek at Bridge near
   Lehigh River Junction
Lehigh at Route 895 Bridge
Lehigh at Route 946 Bridge/Si atingtorj
   Walnutport                        •
Lehigh at Hamilton Stree+ Bridge
Lehigh at Mile' 14.1
Lehigh at New Street Bridge
Lehigh at Minsi Trail Bridge
Lehigh at Freemansburg Bridge
Lehigh at Steel City
Lehigh at West End Bethlehem Boat Cl
Lehigh at West End Island Park
Lehigh upstream of Glendon Dam
Lehigh at 25th Street Bridge
Lehigh at 25th Street Bridge
Lehigh at 3rd Street Bridge
Saucon Creek at Five Lane Bridge
Saucon Creek above Bethlehem City ST!
   Outfall
Saucon Creek at Mouth
Little Lehigh at Mouth
Monocacy Creek at Mouth
Laubach Creek at Mouth
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-                                   Table  II-2
•                     Zinc Sampling Stations Palmerton tc Allentown
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Station                           Location
I         A                             Lehigh at Catasaqua Bridge
         B                             Aquashicola Creek at Bridge Near Lehigh  River
                                          Junction
         1C                             Lehigh at Route 895 Bridge
         D                             Lehigh at Route 946 Bridge/Slatington-Walnut port
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  Source

Allentown STP
Bethlehem STP
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
BetheThem Steel
Bethlehem Steel
Outfall
No.
001
001
005
006
007
008
010
012
014
015
031
Station
No.
AL001
BE001
BS005
BS006
BS007
BS008
BS010
BS012
BS014
BS015
BS031
                                       Table II-3
                               Effluent Sampling Stations
Lehigh River Mile

      16.85
       9.82
      11.6
      11.44
      11.37
      11.28
      10.75
      10.61
      10.36
Tributary River Mile
      SO.25*
                            SI.225
                            SO.25
* Flow is split between outfalls going to Saucon Creek and the Lehigh River.
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       and nitrogenous components of long term (30 day) BOD.  While no standard
ฃ     exists for measuring these parameters, a number of techniques have been
_     employed successfully.  AFO used two of these techniques during this
•     study.  The first technique was the more rigorous of the two and required
•     periodic measurement of DO and nitrogen fractions over the duration of
       the experiment.  Total oxygen demand was measured using the change in HO
I     while the nitrogenous component was derived using the changes in the states
       of nitrogen.  The second technique involves the use of a nitrification
•     inhibitor and the measurement of total and carbonaceous oxygen demands
•     exerted over a 30 day period.  Detailed descriptions of both techniques are
       included in Section IV.

•               D.  Diurnal Study
•                    Begining at 8:00 a.m. on October 5, 1977, a 24-hour survey
       was conducted to measure the diurnal DO fluctuations at the stations listed
I     in Table II-4.  Five (5) sets of samples were collected at each station
       during the study.  Spatial composite samples were made for chlorophyll a_
•     analysis and the component samples were analyzed individually for DO,
•     temperature and pH.
ฃ               E.  Flow Measurement
"                    Stream flow measurements, with one exception, are from US6S
•     gaging stations located on the Lehigh River and its tributaries.  The
       exception, Saucon Creek, was manually gaged using a velocity meter and the
•     appropriate geometric data.  Stream flow measurements were made on October
       4 and October 6.
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                              Table I1-4                                          I
                             Diurnal  Stations


Station No.                     Location


   L-l                          Hamilton Street Bridge                            •
   1-4                          New Street Bridge
   L-9                          Freemansburg Bridge                               •
   L-ll       -                 West End Bethlehem Boat Club                      I
   L-l4                         25th Street Bridge Easton
   L-l6                         3rd Street Bridge Easton                          •


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 •                    Flows at the two sewage plants are continuously monitored and
        were available from the flow totalizers.   The New Jersey Zinc flow is an
 •     estimate.  Bethlehem Steel  flows were measured by the company during the
        week of the survey as a requirement under their NPDES discharge permit.

                  F.  Time of Travel
 J                    Travel times and average stream velocities were measured for
        an 11 mile reach of the Lehigh River using a fluorometric dye tracing
 •     technique.  Rhodamine B dye was released into the river at mile point 17.3
 •     and the time of passage past 3 downstream points (river miles 12.55, 9.4,
        6.0) was measured.

                  G.  Benthic Characterization
 •                    The sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was measured using an in
        situ respirometer at Station L-13 (see Table II-l).  It had been planned
 |     to measure SOD at Station L-16 also but due to the physical limitations of
 _     the respirometer system it was not feasible.  A bottom grab sample was taken
 ™      at Station L-16 and analyzed for TKN, TP, TOC, zinc, chromium, cadmium,
 •      copper, lead and iron.
        III.  FJeld Procedures
g
             A.  Sample Collection

                  1.  Stream Samples were all  surface grab samples taken in clean
—

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        plastic buckets.  At main river stations, separate samples were taken at
        each of the three quarter points across the stream.  (These samples are

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designated as right, center and left quarter points looking upstream.)
Temperature, DO and pH were measured for each of the quarter point                I
samples and composite samples for laboratory analysis were made using
equal portions from each of the quarter point samples.  For the tributary         9
stations only one surface grab sample was collected at the point most             •
representative of the total stream flow.  Temperature, DO and pH were
measured for the sample and a portion was preserved for laboratory                8
analysis.
               2.  Effluent Samples were either grab samples or 24 hour           |
time proportioned composite samples taken as close as possible to the             •
point of discharge to the receiving stream.  Grab samples, one each day
at each station, were taken in plastic buckets for temperature and DO             V
analysis.  Temperature was measured in the bucket and samples for DO
analysis were poured into standard 300 ml DO bottles through a funnel             Q
to avoid excessive aeration.  Composite samples were collected using ISCO         —
(both models 1392 and 1580) automatic samplers.  Composite sample aliquots        ™
were collected at half hour intervals at all stations except New Jersey           •
Zinc which was sampled at 20 minute intervals.  Sample temperatures were
maintained at about 6ฐC using ice in the samplers ,                               I
               3.  Sediment Samples were grab samples collected using a           I
model 426/SM Mud Snapper made by GM Manufacturing and Instrument Corporation.
After collection, the samples were stored unpreserved in plastic cups.            J
               4.  Containers.  Samples for  nutrient/BOD analyses were stored     •
unpreserved  in new gallon  plastic cubitainers.  Phenol samples were stored
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I      in acid washed glass  containers.   Zinc and chlorophyll  ^samples  were each
        stored in separate new quart cubitainers.   Cyanide samples were stored in
"      clean glass  bottles.
|           B.  Sample Preservation
_                All  samples except those for dissolved oxygen analysis  were kept
*      at 4ฐC until  they were analyzed.
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                  2.   Cyanide samples were preserved by adjusting the sample pH to   *
          1.  Phenol samples were preserved by adjusting the sample pH to

less than 4 with phosphoric acid and adding copper sulfate.
more than 12 with sodium hydroxide.

          3.  Zinc samples were preserved by adjusting the sample pH to less

than 2 with nitric acid.
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                  4.   Dissolved Oxygen (DO)  samples were preserved with 2 ml  manganous
I      sulfate solution, 2 ml  potassium hydroxide-potassium iodide solution  and 2 ml
•      of concentrated sulfuric acid.  The  samples were stored in the dark until
        the analyses  were performed.

•           C.  Field Analyses

I                1.   Temperature was  measured using a  YSI  dissolved oxygen  meter
•      for samples on which DO analysis was done in the field.  Other temperature
        measurements  were made  with a  calibrated thermometer.

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          2.  Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1 DO) in the stream samples was
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determined with a YSI DO Probe #5739 and YSI Meter Model 57.  The meters
and probes were air calibrated and measurements were made while manually           I
stirring.
Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 56.          I
          3.  ฃH_was measured using Leeds and Northrop Model 7417 pH meters        |
with Ingold number 2761 7-02 pH electrodes.  Meters were calibrated using          —
buffer solutions with pH 4, 7 and 10.  Measurements were recorded after the        ™
meter reached equilibrium in the sample.                                           •

     D-  FlowMeasurement                                                          m
          1-  Stream Flows were read from USGS gage stations with the
exception of Saucon Creek which was manually gaged using a cup type velocity       •
meter.                                                                             •
          2.  Waste Discharge Flows for the Allentown and Bethlehem sewage         _
treatment plants were read from the totalizers on the continuous recording         "
flow meters at the plants.  Flows from Bethlehem Steel were measured by the        •
company as required by their NPDES discharge permit.  The company did only
one measurement at each outfall and the methods of measurement included use        J
of V-notch weirs and lithium dilution techniques.  Flows for New Jersey
Zinc are company estimates.                                                        •
     E.  Time of Travel                                                            |
          Travel time in the river was measured using a fluorometric dye           •
technique.  One quart of Rhodamine B dye was released into  the river at
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 •    the Hamilton Street Bridge, Allentown (river mile 17.3) at 3:00 a.m. on
       October 5, 1977.  The time of passage for the dye mass was subsequently measured
 |    at three downstream points.  The dye cloud was tracked using a continuous flow
       through fluorometer system consisting of a submersible pump, a Turner Model
 •    111 Fluorometer with a flow through door and Corning orange (3-66) and
 •    blue  (4-97) filter, and a Rustrak strip chart recorder.  The submersible
       pump  was placed in the river and sample was continuously pumped through
 I    the fluorometer flow-through door.  The recorder provided a continuous graph
       of dye concentration in the river and the elapsed time between stations was
 •    taken when the maximum dye concentration (peak) was recorded.  Average
 •    velocity for each reach of stream was calculated using the distance between two
       stations and elapsed time for the dye peak to travel between the two stations.
I
-   Sediment  Oxygen  Demand
•               Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was measured at Station L-13 using
       a benthic respirometer.  (See Appendix C for explanation and
•     description of respirometer.)  The respirometer was lowered from a boat into
       soft sediment where it could make a watertight seal.  The DO of the water
™     trapped beneath the respirometer was measured initially and the changing DO
•     level was monitored over an 80 minute period.  A DO bottle filled with
       bottom water was attached to the respirometer and the initial and final
I     DO was measured to isolate the demand exerted by the water.

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                                                                                 I
IV.  Laboratory Procedures                                                       ป
     A.  Chlorophyll a (iig/1 chl. a):  The photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll
was retained on a membrane filter and extracted into acetone with grinding.      •
The extracted solution was measured spectrophotometrically.                      •
Ref:  Strickland, O.D.H., and Parsons, T.R., "A Manual of Sea Water Analysis",
Bulletin 125, Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Ottowa, 1960, p.185.           I
      B.  Nitrogen Series                                                        .
           1.  Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/1  TKN-N):  The water samples were
 automatically digested and analyzed by a Technicon Continuous Digester and      V
 Auto Analyzer for ammonia and organic nitrogen.   The method of analysis was
 the colorimetric phenol ate method.                                              |
 Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical  Analysis of Waters and Wastes, 1974,  p. 1821.     _
            2.  Ammonia (mg/1 NH -N):  was analyzed by a Technicon Auto          ™
                                O
 Analyzer employing the colorimetric phenolate method.                           •
 Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical  Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 163.
            3.  Organic Nitrogen (mg/1 ORG-N): was determined by difference,     |
  (TKN-N) - (NH3-N) .                                                            _
            4.  Nitrate plus Nitrite (mg/1 N02 - N + NO, - N):  was analyzed     "
 with a Technicon Auto Analyzer.  This procedure utilized the cadmium reduction  •
 of nitrate to nitrite and subsequent diazotization with the optical  density
 measured at 540 nm.                                                             J
 Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical  Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 207.      —
            5.  Nitrite (mg/1 NO -N):  was determined as for NO  + N03 with      •
 a Technicon Auto Analyzer but the cadmium reduction step was by-passed.         •
 Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical  Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 215.
            6.  Nitrate (mg/1 N0o-N):was determined by difference,               •
       N  + N03-N) - (N02-N)
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 I              C.  Phenol  (mg/1  Phenol):  was determined colorimetrically via the
            4-amino-anti-pyrine method.  The samples were distilled to remove potential
 •         interferences.
 •         Ref:  EPA Methods for  Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p.  241.

 •              D.  Cyanide (mg/1  CN):  was measured using a Technicon Auto Analyzer
            colorimetric procedure  with UV light and pyridine-barbituric acid as the color
 I         reference.
            Ref:  Technicon  Automated UV Digestion Method

                 E-  Metals  (mg/1  Total):  Total Zn; Mn; Fe; Pb; Cd; Cu; and Cr were
 •          quantitatively determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a
            Varian AA-6 A.A. Spectrophotometer.  Water samples were treated with nitric
 m          acid and refluxed on a  hot plate until digestion was complete.
 •          Ref:  EPA Method for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 78.

                 F.  Sediments
 *•                     1•  Total Residue (% Dry Weight):  The % dry weight was determined
 •          by placing - 5 ml of sample in a crucible which had been previously heated
            for 24 hours at  103 -  105  C for 24 hours and cooled in a dessicator before
 I          weighing.  The "wet" weight was then determined and the sample plus crucible
            returned to the  103 -  105 ฐC oven for 24 hours.  The final "dry" weight of
 I          the sample after drying is then determined and the % dry weight calculated.
 •                     2.  Total Organic Carbon (% Dry Weight - TOC):  Predried samples
            (at 35ฐC for 24  hours)  were analyzed by the Oceanography International Total
•          Carbon System.  The sample, potassium persulfate and phosphoric acid were
            sealed in glass  ampules and autoclaved at 230ฐC for four hours.  Organic
I          materials contained in  the sediment samples were converted to carbon dioxide

                                               15

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                                                                                   I

                                                                                   I

                                                                                   I
by this wet chemical oxidation step.
Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974,  p.  ?36.         1
      Instruction and Procedure Manual for Oceanography International
           3.  Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (% Dry Weight - TKN-N):   The procedure      •
for sediment samples was the same as that employed for water samples but
digestion of 0.05 gms of sediment (wet weight) was carried out using               |
potassium sulfate and sulfuric acid.  The mixture was refluxed over a              •
flame until the organic nitrogen was converted to ammonium.  The answer was        *
corrected to % dry weight using the dry weight determination described             •
previously.
Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 182.         ง
           4-  Total Phosphorus (% dry weight - TPn/i)-.  Total Phosphorus in        _
sediment samples was determined by manually digesting (in an autoclave for         •
30 minutes at 15 psi)   the sample with ammonium per-sul fate and sulfuric           •
acid to convert the various forms of phosphorus to orthophosphate.   The
orthophosphate  was measured on a Technicon Auto Analyzer. In this colorimetric    |
method ammonium molybdate reacts with the orthophosphate in the acid medium
to form a heteropoly acid, molybdophosphoric acid.  This acid is reduced           •
by ascorbic acid to form the intensely colored complex, molybdenum  blue.           •
The amount of color produced is directly proportional to the amount of
phosphorus present.                                                                I
Ref:  EPA Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,  1974, p. 256.
                                                                                  I
                                                                                  I
                                        16

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 I

 I

                   5.  Metals (mg/kg dry weight):  Sediments were anlayzed for Cr;
 I      Cd; Cu; Pb; Fe; and In via atomic absorption spectrometry using a
        Van an AA-6 Spectrophotometer.  The sample preparation and digestion
 |      were as follows:
 M                     1.  Sample dried at 35ฐC (minimum of 24 hours).
 *                     2.  Removed from incubator/oven and ground to "natural"
 I      particle size (large rocks, shell, leaves, etc. removed).
                       3.  Sample dried additional 24 hours.
 |                     4.  Sample weighed; 3-5 grams for silts and clays, 15 grams
 _      for sands (i.e., ocean sediments).
 •                     5.  Transfer to glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer.
 •                     6.  Add equal volumes deionized-distilled water and
        concentrated HMOs (^ 20 - 25 ea. = 8N).
 •                     7.  Heat in shaking water bath at 58ฐC for 4-6 hours.
                       8.  Filter with .45 micron membrane filter, dilute to 100 ml,
 •                     9.  Sample is now ready for analysis.
 •                G.  DO/BOD
                       1.  Dissolved Oxygen fmg/1 D.0.):in the effluent samples was
 •      determined by the azide modification of the basic Winkler Method, with the
        titration done potentiometrically with a Fisher Automatic Titralyzer.
 I      Ref:  EPA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1974, p.  51.

I

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                                                                                  I
                                                                                  I
                                                                                  I
               2.  Biochemical Oxygen Demand  (mg/1 BODg) : The samples were
incubated at 20ฐC for five days in the dark.  The reduction  in dissolved
oxygen  (as measured by YSI #5750 BOD probe) concentration during the              I
incubation period yielded a measure of the biochemical oxygen demand.
                    River water samples were  analyzed for BOD unaltered,          |
incorporating  indigenous biota and nutrients.                                     •
                    The following Bethlehem Steel samples were altered by the
addition of 1 ml  of stale settled sewage (seed) per 300 ml  of sample:  outfall    I
005;  00$ 007; 008; 010; and 012.   The seed was obtained from the Maryland
Department of Natural  Resources.                                                  I
                    The addition- of seed was to assure the presence of an         •
adequate bacterial population.  This alteration necessitated that a blank
(distilled water plus Vml of "seed") be carried through this experiment          I
to compensate for potential BOD contamination.
                    The following STP and industrial effluent samples were        I
altered by the addition of "seed" (1ml /bottle) and by dilution with APHA          •
dilution water:  Allentown STP; Bethlehem Steel outfall 015 and 031; and Bethlehem
City Municipal STP.  Allentown STP samples were found to have significant         •
residual chlorine content and 21 1-0 mg/1 of sodium sulfite solution  (0.025N
                                                                                  I
         was added to eliminate this potential interference.  These alterations
necessitated that a blank (300 ml APHA dilution water  plus 1 ml of "seed")       •
be carried through this experiment to compensate for potential BOD contamination.
A dilution factor is also included in these calculations.                         I
Ref. :  EPA fethods for Chemical Analyses of Water and Wastes, 1974, p. 11.
                                       18
                                                                                  I
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 I
 I
 I               H-   Long Term BOD
 m                    A set of laboratory experiments  was conducted to characterize
 ™     long term oxygen demand and  to differentiate  between  the  nitrogenous  and
 •     carbonaceous  components of long term BOD. The long term oxygen  demand was
        estimated by  extending  the standard BOD  test  incubation period  from 5 days
 ||     to 30 days.   The nitrogenous component of total  BOD was estimated by
        measuring the changes in the states of nitrogen  during  the  course of  the
 I
BOD incubation and also independently by a method of differences in which
a nitrification inhibitor was used.
               For determination of the BOD3_, samples were set up as
 I      described previously with the exception  that 6 replicate sample bottles
        were used as  part of the nitrification experiment.   The dissolved oxygen was
 •      measured for  each sample after 0;  6;  12; 20; and either 29 or 31  days of
 •      incubation to determine the long term BOD.
                       One of the six replicates mentioned  in  the previous paragraph  was
 I      sacrificed after 0; 6; 12; and either 29 or 31 days of incubation to measure
        Total  Kjeldhal  Nitrogen (TKN); ammonia  (NH3); nitrite  (N02);  and nitrate (N03).
 I      The changes in concentration in the states  of nitrogen were used to calculate
 .      the nitrogenous oxygen demand by the  equation:
 *                     NOD (mg/1) = 3.43 (AN02-N + ANOs-N)  + 1.14 (ANOa-N)
 •                     where A = final concentration - initial concentration.
                       An inhibitor  2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl) pyridine (TCMP) was
g      also employed as part of the long  term study.  Two  bottles of the six
_      replicates were spiked with TCMP and  the dissolved  oxygen measured.   The


I

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                                                                                   I

                                                                                   I
inhibitor was added to stop nitrification while allowing all  other heterotrophic
respiration to proceed.  The inhibited bottles  expressed only carbonaceous          •
demand whereas the uninhibited bottles expressed the total  BOD demand  (NOD  +       •
CBOD).  By difference the nitrogenous oxygen demand was  calculated.
               The first-order deoxygenation constants  Iq0(day~^)  of the  NOD4      I
and CBOD as measured by the inhibitor were determined by a  graphical method.
This method relies upon the observation that the relation (1-10 ~kt) of the        I
classical BOD equation y = L0 (1-10    ) is very similar to the expression          •
2.3 k-|0t  [l+(2.3/6)k]Qt] " . where k-jg is the  deoxygenation constant  (day"1)
and L0 is the initial remaining oxygen demand at time t - 0.                       I
               Together the two equations reduce to:
y * L0 2.3 kt [H(2.3/6)kt] ~3  or  (t/y)1/3 -  (1/2.3 L0k)  +  (2.3k)2/3t/(6L0)1/3, I
such that a plot of (t/y)1/3 vs t yields a linear relation  with slope               •
m = (2.3k)2/3/(6L0)1/3 and intercept b = l/(2.3k L0)1/3.  The BOD k10  and L0       "
values can therefore be determined as follows:   k = 2.61 m/b and L0 =  17(2.3 b3k). I
The correlation coefficient for this linear approximation was taken as an
indication of the "goodness-of-fit" to the first order kinetics.                   |
               Limitations of Long Term Laboratory BOD Experiments                 •
               1.  It should be emphasized that this was not a standard            *
method and that the data reflects not only the  imprecision of the                  I
analytical methods (Appendix B) for determining the states of nitrogen
but also the variability associated with biological processes.  The
interpretation of the results should include a  consideration of this
variability.
                                                                                   I
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                                        20
                                                                                   I

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 I
                      2.  Nitrification is an extremely fragile biological  process
 I    and is affected greatly by environmental  conditions.   The problems  with
 •    using laboratory experiments to study field conditions (in situ)  are
       therefore potentially significant.
 I                   3.  Nitrification is a surface phenomenon with much  of
       nitrification in clear shallow rivers occuring on the surfaces of mud
 I    (aerobic), plants, slime, etc.   Laboratory experiments involving the
 •    incubations of clear-shallow stream samples may not reflect the extent
       of in situ nitrification.  The Lehigh River remained  quite turbid during
 I    this study and significant nitrification  activity was expected in the
       water column.
 I
                                            0
 I

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   TABLE V  -  A-1

LEHIGH RIVER  STUDY
Station
L- 1



L- 3
L- 4



L- 5



L- 9



L-10



L-ll



L-12


L-13



L-14



L-15
L-16



S- 6
S- 7
S- 8
T- 1
T- 2
Date
10/4



10/4
10/4



10/4



10/4



10/4



10/4



10/4


10/4



10/4



10/4
10/4



10/4
10/4
10/4
10/4
10/4
Time
1650



1730
1604



1517



1308



1030



1115



1140


1200



1030



1047




1430
1340
1330
1750
1545
Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Left
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avq.
Right
Center
Left
Avg .
Right
Center
Left
Avg .
Right
Center
Left
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
                                                          I


                                                          I

FIELD DATA  FROM STREAM SAMPLES


                      pH       Terap.      D.O
                     (SU)      (6C)      (PPM)             I

                     	      14.5      10.8
                     	     10.8             •
                     	      	     10.8             •
                     	      14.5      10.8             *
                     	      15.0       9.6
                     	      14.5      10.8             •
                     ....      >.„.     10.8             •
                     —	     10.5
                     	      14.5      10.7             •
                     7.2       15.0      10.2             I
                     7.1       15.0       9.2
                     7.25      15.0      10.2             .
                     7.18      15.0       9.9             I
                     7.2       13.0      11.2             *
                     7.25      14.0      10.9
                     7.4       14.5      10.7             •
                     7.28      13.8      10.9             •
                     	      13.5       9.5
                     	      13.5       9.6             •
                     	      13.5       9.6             •
                     	      13.5       9.53
                     	      13.8       9.15             _
                     	      13.8       9.25             •
                     	      14.0       9.0             •
                     —-      13.86      9.13
                               14.0       9.2             •
                     —-      14.0       9.15             I
                     	      13.9       9.05
                               13.9       9.13             •
                     ._..      14.0       8.75             •
                     —-      14.0       8.75             "
                     	      14.0       8.9
                     	      14.0       8.78             •
                     6.9       14.0       9.6             •
                     6.9       14.0       9.4
                     6.9       14.0       9.7             •
                     6.9       14.0       9.53        '     I
                     6.75      14.3       9.6
                     6.7       14.0       9.6             B
                     7.2       14.0       9.6             •
                     7.2       14.0       9.6             •
                     7.0       14.0       9.6
                     7.9       15.0       — ซ            •
                     7.9       15.0       9.8             •
                     7.2       15.5       9.4
                     	      14.5      10.0             •
                     7.8       14.0      11.8             |
                77

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 I
Station

L-l
   L-3

     4
L-10
   L-ll
   L-12
I

• L-13


I L-14

I

I
L-15
L-16
   IS-6
   S-7
   S-8
I
   T-6
             10/5
             10/5
                10/5
                10/5
                10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
             10/5
TABLE V - A-l (CONTINUED)
LEHI6H RIVER STUDY
FIELD DATA FROM STREAM SAMPLES

Time
1700



1510
1600



1500



1425



1115



1048



1029



1000



1215



1230
1255



1050
1200
1205
1540
1535
1145

Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Surf.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Surf.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
PH
(SU)
7.3
___
___
7.3
5.0
7.3
—
___
7.3
7.4
—
—
—
—
—
_ _.
___
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
—
6.0
...
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.1
8.0
7.6
6.0
8.0
7.8
Temp.
(ฐ0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
15.0
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
14.0
14.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.5
14.16
16.0
16.0
15.0
15.7
16.0
15.5
15.5
15.0
15.3
13
15
16.5
15.5
— — •— •
17
                                                                      D.O.
                                                                     (ppm)
                                                                  9.5
                                                                 10.0
                                                                 10.0
                                                                 10.0
                                                                 10.0
                                                                  9.6
                                                                 10.2
                                                                  9.9
                                                                  9.9
                                                                  9.4
                                                                  9.4
                                                                 10.0
                                                                  9.6
                                                                  9.4
                                                                  9.7
                                                                  9.3
                                                                  9.36
                                               23
                                                                      8.4
                                                                      8.0
                                                                      9.6
                                                                      8.66
                                                                      9.4
                                                                      9.8
                                                                      9.9
                                                                      9.7
                                                                      9.4
                                                                      9.2
                                                                      9.8
                                                                      9.4
                                                                      9.5
                                                                 10.0

                                                                  8.73
                                                                            Chlorophyll
                                                                               (ppb)
                                                                                    3.0
                                                                                    1.5
                                                                                   3.0
                                                                                   4.5
                                                                                   3.0
                                                                                    3.0
                                                                                   3.0
                                                                               10.5
                                                                                7.5
                                                                                   6.0
                                                                                   4.5
                                                                                   3.0
                                                                                   0
                                                                                   3.0
                                                                                   0
                                                                                   4.5
                                                                                   1.5

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Station

  L-l
  L-3
  L-4
  L-5
  L-9
  L-10
  L-ll
  L-l 2
 L-l 3
 L-l 4
 L-l 5
 L-l 6
 S-6
 S-7
 S-8
 T-l
 T-2
 T-6
 10/6
 10/6
 10/6
 10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
TABLE V - A-l
(CONTINUED)

LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
FIELD

Time
1005



1140
1230



1315



0945



1240



1300



1315



1340 '



1140



1020
1050



0950
1345
1325
1040
1210
1335
DATA FROM

Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Surf.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Ceff
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Surf.
Right
Center
Left
Avg.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
Surf.
STREAM SAMPLES
pH
(SU)
7.0
—
___
___
7.1
7.1
___
___
7.1
7.3
___
___
7.3
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.56
6.5
7.0
6.5
6.66
6.3
6.7
6.9
6.66
6.6
6.8
6.9
6,76
6.5
6.8
6.9
6.73
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.7
6.2
6.7
6.5
6.4
6.53
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.8
7.4
Temp,
(ฐC)
12.0
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.5
13.7
13.8
14.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
16.0
15.0
16.0
15.6
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.0
15
__—
12.5
12.0
15.8
                                                       D.O.
                                                      (ppm)
                                                                    10.8
                                                                      .7
                                                                      .7
                                                                      .7
 10.
 10.
 10.
 9.15
 10.48
 10.35
 9.7
 10.14
 9.85
 10.2
 9.9
 10.0
 10.0
 10.2
 9.6
 9.93
 9.6
 9.2
 9.0
 9.26
 10.0
                                                                    9.
                                                                    9.
 9.4
 8.4
 8.6
 8.4
 8.46
 8.4
 8.3
 8.4
 8.38
 9.6
 9.6
 9.4
 9.53
 9.8
 9.8
 9.6
10.4
 9.93
 9.4
10.3
 8.58
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
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                                                       54

-------
rable  * V-C-4
THOMAS GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF BOD  CONSTANTS
            UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
•
Date Station

0/4 L-l




1

1


_ L-3
1

1






1





1

1


1
1
Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29
All Points
.213
.205
3.64



6
12
20
29

.6847
.010
1.417




6
12
20
29

-.515
-.043
3.427






NOD. ,
Ct/y) l/

2.45
2.10
2.15
2.26

r
m
b
Mo
Lo

1.59
1.42
1.56
1.78

r
m
b

kio
Lo

3.91
2.05
2.32
2.57

r
m
b
kio
Lo




NOD
mg/1

0.4
1.3
2.0
2.5
Last 3 Pts
.9840
.009
1.977
.01188
4.73

1.5
4.2
5.3
5.1

.9956
.021
1.155

.0474
5.95

0.1
1.4
1.6
1.7

.9984
.031
1.092
.0478
1.88
BOD
mg/1

3.6
5.8
7.1
7.8






4.1
8.4
10.7
11.2








1.8
3.8
4.4
4.7






CBOD
(t/y) 1/J
CBOD
mg/1

1.23
1.40
1.58
1.76
All Points
.997
.023
1.11
.0541
8.04
3.2
4.5
5.1
5.3






1.32
1.42
1.55
1.68

.9994
.0157
1.230

.0333
7.02
2.6
4.2
5.4
6.1







1.52
1.71
1.92
2.13

.998
.026
1.379
.0492
3.37



cc
1.7
2.4
2.8
3.0








_


-------
Table * V-C-4  (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) 17
NOD
mg/1

10/4 T-l 6
12
20
29
All Points
.9728
.060
1.181


1.40
2.10
2.37
2.88
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.2
Last 3 Pts.
.9900
.046
1.513
.0985
1.27

L-5 6
12
20
29
.7373
.014
1.739


1.956
1.733
2.02
2.20
r
m
b
kio
Lo
.8
2.3
2.4
2.7
.9863
.027
1.429
.0493
3.02

T-2 6
12
20
29
.7531
.1212
.376


0
3.107
3.21
3.31
r
m
b
kio
Ln
0
.4
.6
0.8
.9991
.012
2.966
.0105
1.59
BOD
mg/1

2.5
4.5
5.4
5.8






3.1
5.5
6.1
6.5





1.2
2.1
2.6
2.6




CBOD
t/y) 17i
CBOD
mg/1

2.71
1.55
1.72
1.85
\11 Points
-.533
-.028
2.420
-.0302
1.02
0.3
3.2
3.9
4.6






1.376
1.55
1.75
1.96
.999
.025
1.256
.053
4.35
2.3
3.2
3.7
3.8





1.71
1.92
2.15
2.52
.997
.035
1.494
.0611
2.13
1.2
1.7
2.0
1.8




 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
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 I
 I
 I
I
I
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                                             56

-------
I
I
able # V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES

Kate Station

10/4 S-6



1

1

•

S-7

1






L-9




1
1

1
•
1
1
Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29

All Points
.942
.012
2.344



6
12
20
29
-.8378
-.013
1.254



6
12
20
29
0.879
0.015
1.349






NOD
(t/y) l/

2.46
2.46
2.55
2.74

r
m
b
Mo
Lo

1.26
1.02
.931
.94
r
m
b
kio
Lo

1.52
1.43
1.61
1.82
r
m
b
Mo
LO




NOD
3 mg/1

0.4
0.8
1.2
1.4

Last 3 Pts
.9857
.017
2.246
.0198
1.94

3.0
11.2
, 24.8
34.4
-.796
-.004
1.057
-.0099
37.19

1.7
4.1
4.8
4.8
0.99994
0.023
1.153
0.0521
' 5.44
BOD
mg/1

1.9
2.9
3.6
3.6







8.0
17.3
31.6
41.6






3.3
6.8
7.8
8.0




CBOD
(t/y) l'*
CBOD
mg/1

1.59
1.79
2.03
2.36

All Points
.999
.033
1.387
.0621
2.62
1.5
2.1
2.4
2.2






1.06
1.25
1.43
1.58
.990
.022
.956
.0601
8.28
5.0
6.1
6.8
7.4






1.55
1.64
1.88
2.08
0.995
0.024
1.387
0.0452
3.60



CT
1.6
2.7
3.0
3.2









-------
Table  # V-C-4  (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) ^
NOD
3 mg/1

10/4 L-10 6
12
20
29
All Points
0.723
0.008
1.588

L-ll 6
12
20
29
0.804
0.014
1.468
1.71
1.64
1.67
1.90
r
m
b
Lo

1.66
1.51
1.71
1.93
r
m
b
kio
Lo
1.2
2.7
4.3
4.2
Last 3 Pts
0.927
0.016
1.421
0.0294
5.15

1.3
3.5
4.0
4.0
0.99998
0.025
1.214
0.0537
4.52

L-12 6
12
20
29
-0.402
-0.020
2.362
2.71
1.59
1.79
2.04
r
m
b
kio
0.03
3.0
3.5
3.4
0.9995
0.026
1.268
0.0535
3.99
BOD
mg/1

2.8
6.3
7.2
7.4


2.7
5.6
6.6
6.7


1.4
5.1
6.1
6.3

CBOD
Ct/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.55
1.49
1.90
2. OS
All Points
0.937
0.026
1.311
0.0518
3.72
1.6
3.6
2.9
3.2

1.62
1.79
1.97
2.20
0.99993
0.025
1.478
0.0441
3.05
1.4
2.1
2.6
2.7

1.76
1.79
1.97
2.15
0.983
0.018
1.619
0.0290
3.53
1.1
2.1
2.6
2.9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
                                              58

-------
   Ibis  # V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
 I

tte Station

10/4 L-13
1

1

1

1

L-14


1

1
1

L-15

1

1
1

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29
All Points
-0.072
-0.002
1.746



6
12
20
29
.051
.001
1.716


6
12
20
29
.340
.004
1.752


NOD
(t/y) l/

1.96
1.47
1.63
1.82
r
m
b
kio
Lo

1.96
1.45
1.66
1.87
r
m
b
kio
Lo

1.88
1.73
1.71
1.97
r
m
b
kio
Lo
NOD
3 mg/1

0.8
3.8
4.6
4.8
Last 3 Pts.
0.9999
0.021
1.221
0.449
5.32

0.8
3.9
4.4
4.4
0.9994
0.025
1.158
0.0563
4.97

0.9
2.3
4.0
3.8
0.848
0.014
1.510
0.0242
' 5.22
BOD
mg/1

1.6
5.8
7.1
7.3






1.9
6.2
7.2
7.4




1.9
5.3
6.3
6.5




CBOD
(t/y) 1/3
CBOD
rag/1

1.96
1.82
2.0
2.26
All Points
0.813
0.015
1.76
0.0222
3,59
0.8
2.0
2.5
2.5






1.76
1.73
1.92
2.13
0.946
0.017
1.59
0.0279
3.88
1.1
2.3
2.8
3.0




1.82
1.59
2.05
2.20
0.812
0.022
1.55
0.0370
3.16
1.0
3.0
2.3
2.7




1
I
I
                                               59

-------
Table ? V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
V /
(t/y) l/
NOD
3 mg/1

10/4 L-16 6
12
20
29
All Points
.296
.006
1.589


1.81
1.44
1.63
1.85
r
m
b
kio
Lo
1.0
4.0
4.6
4.6
Last 3 Pts
0.99997
0.024
1.149
0.0545
5.26

10/5 L-l 6
12
20
29
.182
.003
3.30


0
3.42
3.21
3.46
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
0
0.3
0.6
0.7
.7249
.122
.472
.0024
5.04

L-3 6
12
20
29
.1832
.003
1.702


1.88
1.55
1.70
1.87
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
.9
3.2
4.1
4.4
.9999
.019
1.324
.0374
5.01
BOD
mg/1

2.5
6.4
7.6
7.9






0.7
1.3
1.9
2.2





2.4
6.2
8.3
9.4




CBOD
Ct/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.59
1.71
1.88
2.06
All Points
0.99992
0.021
1.466
0.0374
3.69
1.5
2.4
3.0
3.3






2.05
2.29
2.48
2.68
.991

.0366
1.66
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.5





1.59
1.59
1.68
1.80
.962
.010
1.504
.0174
7.34
1.5
3.0
4.2
5.0




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                                             60

-------
I
.ble " y-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
1

Iatc Station

10/5 L-4
|
IB
1

1

I

T-l

1




1

L-5

1

1
1

1
•
1
1

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29

All Points
-.9073
-.059
2.973



6
12
20
29
.9630
.026
1.99



6
12
20
29
.2571
.006
2.175







NOD
(t/y) l?~

2.71
1.96
2.12
1.15

r
m
b
fcio
Lo

2.15
2.37
2.42
2.81
r
m
b
Mo
Lo

2.46
2.00
2.15
2.52
r
m
b
Ho
LO



** ^

NOD
mg/1

.3
1.6
2.1
2.0

Last 3 Ptฃ
-.8016
-.050
2.76
-.0473
9.19

0.6
0.9
1.4
1.3
.9265
.026
2.00
.0339
1.60

0.4
1.5
2.0
1.8
.9789
.031
1.597
.0507
2.11

BOD
mg/1

1.2
3.1
4.1
4.4







2.1
3.4
4.8
5.4






1.3
3.1
4.1
4.2





CBOD
(t/y) !/3

CBOD
mg/1

1.88
2.00
2.15
2 .29

All Points
.998
.018
1.781
.0264
2.92
0.9
1.5
2.0
2.4






1.59
1.69
1.80
1.92
.9988
.014
1.512
.0242
5.20
1.5
2.5
3.4
4.1






1.88
1.96
2.12
2.29
.998
.018
1.758
.0267
3.00




0.9
1.6
2.1
2.4








                                              61

-------
Table r V-C-4  (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) l/-
NOD
5 mg/1

10/5 ' T-2 6
12
20
29
All Points
.7956
.142
.307


0
3.42
3.42
5.87

r
m
b
kio
Lo
0
.3
.5
.5
Last 3 Pts
.8825
.27
3.022
.0233
0.68

S-6 6
12
20
29
.8721
.059
2.382


2.71
2.88
4.05
3.87
r
m
b
kio
Lo
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
.7643
.057
2.449
.0607
.49

S-7 6
12
20
29
-.9042
-.012
1.265


1.21
1.14
.94
.96
r
m
b
klO
Lo
3.4
8.0
23.8
32.4
-.7970
-.010
1.223
-.0213
• 11.16
BOD
mg/1

0.3
0.8
1.4
1.3







.3
.9
1.0
1.2





6.3
12.1
28.8
37.7





CBOD
CBOD
mg/1

2.71
2.88
2.81
3 .31
All Points
.863
.023
2.54
.0236
1.12
0.3
0.5
0.9
O.S






3.10
3.05
3.46
.824
.022
2.76
.0208
.99
.4
.7
.7




1.27
1.43
1.59
1.76
.997
.021
1.160
.0473
5.89
2.9
4.1
5.0
5.3




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                                              62

-------
I
.ble r V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
I
iite Station
..
0/5 S-8

1


,

1

L-9

1

1
1

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29
All Points
-0.8747
-0.0183
1.5061


6
12
20
29
-0.4559
-0.0174
2.0416


NOD
(t/y) :/

1.36
1.40
1.02
1.02

r
m
b
HO
Lo
2.29
1.42
1.57
1.72
r
m
b
Ho
Lo
NOD
3 mg/1

2.4
4.4
18.7
27.3
Last 3 Pts.
0.8486
0.0219
1.5918
0.0359
3.00
0.5
4.2
5.2
5.7
0.9994
0.0176
1.2116
0.0379
6.45
•
™ L-10

1
1

1


1
1
1
6
12
20
29
0.1656
0.0034
1.6510






1.88
1.44
1.66
1.85
r
m
b
kio
Lo




0.9
4.0
4.4
4.6
.9971
.0241
1.1609
.054
5.16
BOD
mg/1

9.8
15.4
32.8
43.4






1.6
6.0
7.7
8.6





2.0
6.0
7.0
7.6




CBOD
Ct/y) 1/0
CBOD
mg/1

0.935
1.03
1.12
1.22
All Points
0.996
0.012
0.870
0.036
18.34
1.76
1.88
2.0
2.15
0.999
0.017
1.67
0.0266
3.51
7.4
11.0
14.1
16.1






1.1
1.8
2.5
2.9





1.76
1.82
1.97
2.13
0.995
0.017
1.64
0.0271
2.64



f *>
1.1
2.0
2.6
3.0









-------
Table n V-C-4  (cฐn't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) !/
NOD
3 mg/1

10/5 L-ll 6
12
20
29
All Points
-0.8652
-0.0432
2.8543


2.71
2.37
1.63
1.81

r
m
b
kio
Lo
0.3
0.9
4.6
4.9
Last 3 Pts.
-0.7018
-0.0518
2.5841
-0.0321
5.38

L-12 6
12
20
29
-Q.7S2
-0.015
2.159


2.15
1.96
1.67
1.83
r
m
b
klO
Lo
0.6
1.6
4.3
4.7
-0.416
-0.007
1.965
-0.0093
6.16

L-13 6
12
20
29
-0.2072
-0.007
1.868


2.15
1.40
1.66
1.83
r
m
b
klO
Lo
0.6
4.4
4.4
4.7
0.988
0.025
1.118
0.0584
.5.33
BOD
mg/1

1.3
2.7
7.0
7.7







1.3
3.3
6.8
7.5






1.5
6.1
6.9
7.5




CBOD
(t/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.82
1.88
2.03
2. IS
All Points
0.995
0.016
1.71
0.0244
3.56
1.0
1.8
2 .4
2.8






2.04
1.92
2.0
2.18
0.662
0.007
1.91
0.0242
3.48
0.7
1.7
2.5
2.8





1.88
1.92
2.0
2.18
0.973
0.013
1.78
0.0191
4.04
0.9
1.7
2.5
2.8



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                                               64

-------
ซble # V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
•
tte Station

/5 L-14

1
1

•
*

I
•
• L-15





1

1
L-16



1

1
1-

1
1
1
Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29
All Points
0.388
0.0066
1.680



6
12
20
29

0.203
0.00393
1.659


6
12
20
29
.4267
.0039
1.6168






NOD
Ct/y) l/

1.88
1.59
1.72
1.97
r
m
b
kio
Lo

1.88
1.47
1.68
1.87

r
m
b
kio
Lo
1.71
1.62
1.60
1.80
r
m
b
fcio
Lo



t
NOD
3 mg/1

0.9
3.0
3.9
3.8
Last 3 Pts.
0.989
0.022
1.303
0.0441
4.46

0.9
3.7
4.2
4.4

0.998
0.023
1.20
0.0500
5.03
1.2
2.8
4.9
5.0
.8362
.0108
1.4531
.0194
7.3043
BOD
mg/1

1.9
5.8
6.6
6.8






1.4
5.1
6.4 •
6.8






1.6
4.2
7.0
7.4




CBOD
(t/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.82
1.62
1.95
2.13
All Points
0.803
0.017
1.59
0.0414
3.44
1.0
2.8
2.7
5.0






2.29
2.05
2.09
2.29

0.128
0.002
2.15
0.0024
18.23
2.46
2.05
2.12
2.29
-.386
.006
2.317
-.0068
5.14



;t:
0.5
1.4
2.2
2.4






0.4
1.4
2.1
2.4









-------
Table ? v-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation

10/6 L-l 6
12
20
31
All Points
—



NOD
Ct/y) V.

--
3.10
3.21
3.25
r
m
b
klO
Lo
NOD
3 mg/1.

0
.4
.6
.9
Last 3 Pts.
.9380
.0076
3.026
.066
2.38

L-4 6
12
20
31
.5060
.0152
1.9848


2.29
2.10
1.92
2.68
r
m
b
kio
Lo
.5
1.3
2.8
1.6
.7892
.0328
1.5433
.0555
2.13
*
L-5 6
12
20
31
.5608
.0132
1.9849


2.29
1.88
2.19
2.49
r
m
b
klO
Lo
.5
1.8
1.9
2.0
.9950
.0318
1.5186
.0547
' 2.27
BOD
mg/1

1.0
1.7
2.0
2.4






3.2
5.8
6.7
7.7





1.9
3.8
4.4
4.8




CBOD
Ct/y) l/6
CBOD
mg/1

1.82
2.10
2.42
2.74
All Points
.994
.036
1.64
.0573
1.72
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5






1.30
1.39
1.72
1.72
.906
.018
1.215
.0387
6.26
2.7
4.5
3.9
6.1





1.62
1.82
2.00
2.23
.995
.024
1.505
.0416
3.01
1.4
2.0
2.5
2.8




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                                               66

-------
ible  r  V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
1

Iate Station

10/6 S-6
1

1

1

1
S-7


1

1


S-8
1

1






1
1
1

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
31
All Points
.987
.026
1.98


6
12
20
31
.706
.0018
.929



6
12
20
31

-.687
-.064
2.69








NOD
(t/y) !/

2.15
2.29
2.42
2.80
r
m
b
kio
Lo
.959
.924
.967
.989
r
m
b
KlO
Lo

3.10
1.07
1.08
1.09

r
m
b

Mo
Lo





NOD
3 mg/1

.6
1.0
1.4
1.4
Last 3 Pts
.983
.027
1.93
.0365
1.66
6.8
15.2
22.1
32.0
.962
.003
.890
.0088
70.08

0.2
9.8
15.9
24.0

.996
.001
1.058

.025
24.7
BOD
mg/1

2.3
3.2
3.9
4.0





11.3
20.8
28.4
38.7





9.2
23.7
31.2
41.1







CBOD
(t/y) 1/3

CBOD
mg/1

1.52
1.76
2.00
2.28
All Points
.995
.030
1.373
.0570
2.95
1.10
1.29
1.47
1.46
.880
.014
1.086
.0336
10.10
1.7
2.2
2.5
2.6





4.5
5.6
6.3
6.7




. "
.874
.952
1.09
1.07

.871
.008
.855

.0244
28.51




9.0
13.9
15.3
17.1










                                               67

-------
Table # V-C-4 (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
_ /
(t/y) */
NOD
3 mg/1

10/6 L-ll 6
12
20
31
All Points
.124
.0017
1.658


1.82
1.55
1.57
1.81
r
m
b
*10
Lo
1.0
3.2
5.2
5.2
Last 3 Pts
.935
.014
1.346
.0271
6.58

L-12 6
12
20
31
.8722
.0129
1.3903


1.55
1.47
1.59
1.84
r
m
b
klO
Lo
1.6
3.8
5.0
5.0
.9940
.0196
1.2202
.0419
5.71

L-13 6
12
20
31
.7349
.0147
1.3436


1.59
1.34
1.59
1.87
r
m
b
klO
Lo
1.5
5.0
5.0
4.7
.9983
.0277
1.0173
.0711
' 5.81
BOD
mg/1

3.7
8.0
8.9
9.4






3.8
7.8
8.7
9.2





3.4
7.6
8.5
8.3




CBOD
(t/y) X/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.30
1.36
1.75
1.71
All Points
.869
.019
1.207
.0411
6.02
2.7
4.8
3.7
4.2






1.40
1.44
1.75
1.98
.982
.025
1.213
.0538
4.53
2.2
4.0
3.7
4.2





1.47
1.66
1.79
2.05
.995
.022
1.356
.0423
4.12
1.9
2.6
3.5
3.6




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                                              68

-------
 Lble * V-C-4  (con't)
UNALTERED RIVER SAMPLES
I
ป.te Station
	 	 "'
10/6 L-14

1

1

1

L-15

1

1
1

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
31

All Points
.5671
.0102
1.4392



6
12
20
31
.9165
.0202
1.2470


NOD
(t/y) 1'

1.66
1.44
1.49
1.87


r
m
b
k!0
Lo

1.47
1.39
1.59
1.93
r
m
b
HO
Lo
NOD
/5 mg/1

1.3
4.0
6.0
4.7

Last 3 Pts
.9473
.0234
1.1096
.0550
5.79

1.9
4.5
5.0
4.3
.9983
.0286
1.0367
.0720
5.42
•
™ L-16

1
1

1


1
1
6
12
20
31
-.0666
-.0020
1.809





2.15
1.400
1.631
1.916
r
m
b
MO
Lo



.6
4.4
4.6
4.4
.9995
.0270
1.080
.065
' 5.31
BOD
mg/1

3.6
8.7
9.S
9.7







4.8
8.5
9.6
9.5





2.9
7.3
8.1
8.2




CBOD
(t/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.38
1.37
1.74
1.84

All Points
.934
.021
1.220
.0449
5.33
2.3
4.7
3.8
5.0






1.27
1.44
1.63
1.81
.992
.021
1.168
.0469
5.82
2.9
4.0
4.6
5.2





1.38
1.60
1.79
2.01
.991
.025
1.270
.0514
4.13



2.3
2.9
3.5
3.8







                                              69

-------
Table # V-C-5
THOMAS GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION  OF  BOD CONSTANTS
           SEEinn F.FFLUENT SAMPLES
            Industrial  Effluents
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) }/-
NOD
5 mg/1

10/5 BS-005 6
12
20
29
All Points
-.1915
-.0054
1.8097


2.04
1.36
1.76
1.72

r
m
b
kio
Lo
.7
4.8
5.5
5.7
Last 3 Pts.
.7970
.0206
1.1935
.0450
5.68

BS-006 6
12
20
29
.9250
.0150
1.8870


2.04
2.00
2.15
2.36
r
m
b
kiO
Lo
.7
1.6
2.0
2.2
.9981
.0212
1.7385
.0318
2.60

BS-007 6
12
20
29
.9459
.0195
1.8602


2.04
2.00
2.27
2.44
r
m
b
kiO
Ln
0.7
1.6
1.7
2.0
.9865
.0257
1.7133
.0392
. 2.21
BOD

2.4
8.0
9.3
9.8







2.3
4.3
5.3
5.8






2.2
4.4
5.2
5.7





CBOD
(t/y) J/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.52
1.55
1.74
1.92
All Points
.9833
.0183
1.3757
.0347
4.81
1.7
3.2
3.8
4.1






1.55
1.64
1.82
2.'00
.9509
.0318
1.1368
.0730
4.05
1.6
2.7
3.3
3.6





1.59
1.62
1.79
1.99
.9812
.0181
1.4443
.0413
; 3.50
1.5
2.8
3.5
3.7




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                                                70

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  )lc  - V-C-5  (con't)
SEEHF.n EFFLUENT SAMPLES
 Industrial Effluents
I
t.c Station
_ 	 —
TOT5 BS-008
1

I


1

1

BS-010




1

1
1- — - - -

BS-012
1

I


1


1
1
Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29

All Points
-.0695
-.0018
2.4550



6
12
20
29
All Points
.993
.019
1.787



6
12
20
29

-.167
-.002
2.175





NOD
(t/>0 l/

2.71
2.10
2.37
2.52


r
m
b
kio
Lo

1.88
2.04
2.19
2.33

r
m
b
klO
Lo

2.29
2.00
2.09
2.18

r
m
b
kio
Lo



NOD
3 mg/1

.3
1.3
1.5
1.8

Last 3 Pts.
.9806
.0245
1.8310
.0349
2.03

.9
1.4
1.9
2.3
Last 3 Pts.
.999
.017
1.841
.0241
2.89

.5
1.5
2.2
2.8

.9994
.0106
1.875
.0148
4.46
BOD
mg/1

2.1
3.8
4.7
5.4








1.8
3.6
4.7
5.5




1

1.6
3.6
5.1
6.1

I


!

CBOD
Ct/y) 1/3
CKOD
mg/1

1.49
1.69
1.84
2.00

All Points
.9890
.0215
1.3942
.0402
3.99
1.8
2.5
3 .2
5.6







1.88
1.76
1.92
2.08
All Points
.7961
.0105
1.7333
.0158
5.20
.9
2.2
2.8
3.2






1.76
1.79
1.90
2.06

.9812
.0133
1.6539
.0210
4.58


ป i
1.1
2.1
2.9
3.3








                                              71

-------
Table ?; V-C-S (con't)
      EFFLUENT SAMPLES
Industrial Effluents
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
(t/y) !/
NOD
3 mg/1

10/5 BS-014 6
12
20
29
All Points
.0660
.0008
2.54


2.46
2.71
2.48
2.57

r
m
b
*10
Lo
.4
.6
1.3
1.7
Last 3 Pts.
-.577
-.008
2.746
.0076
2.76

10/6 BS-005 6
12
20
31
.041
.00076
1.597


1.82
1.36
1.54
1.72
T
m
b
klO
Lo
1.0
4.8
5.5
6.1
.996
.019
1.145
.0433
6.69

BS-006 6
12
20
31
.96673
.02184
1.7533


1.82
2.10
2.19
2.41
r
m
b
klO
Lo
1.0
1.3
1.9
2.2
.98927
.01654
1.88602
.060
1.08
BOD
Kg/1

1.9
3.3
4.7
5.9







3.6
8.2
10.2
11.2






3.2
4.8
5.4
6.4





CBOD
(t/y) 1/3
CBOD
mg/1

1.59
1.64
1.80
1.90
All Points
.9900
.0142
1.495
.0243
5.25
1.5
2.7
3.4
4.2






1.32
1.52
1.62
1.82
.9848
.0190
1.2430
.0399
5.67
2.6
3.4
4.7
5.1





1.40
1.51
1.79
1.94
.9821
.0226
1.2705
.0464
4.57
2.2
3.5
3.5
4.2




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                                             72

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I
ble r V-C-5  (con't)
SEEDED EFFLUENT SAMPLES
 Industrial Effluents
1

ปte Station
-
10/6 BS-007
1

I


1

1

BS-008


1

1



Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
31

All Points
.87996
.02561
1.58573



6
12
20
31
-.24552
-0.00366
2.5582



NOD
-i /
Ct/y) l/

1.59
2.10
2.08
2.34


r
m
b
kio
Lo

2.46
2.71
2.32
2.49
r
m
b
kio
Lo

NOD
3 mg/1

1.5
1.3
2.2
2.4

Last 3 Pts
.87669
.01330
1.89410
.0183
3.50

.4
.6
1.6
2.0
-.48518
-.00994
2.71551
.0096
2.26

BS-010

1
|
^H
1

6
12
20
31
.6899
.01798
1.95492


1.88
2.46
2.23
2.49
r
m
b
kit.
Lo
.9
.8
1.8
2.0
.19530
.00291
2.33218
.0032
10.71
BOD
ng/1

3.6
5.0
5.S
6.6








3.5
5.3
6.3
7.5





3.4
4.9
5.9
7.0




CBOD
(t/y) 1/3

CBOD
mg/1

1.42
1.48
1.77
1.94

All Points
.9306
.0222
1.2690
.0457
4.66
2.1
5.7
5.6
4.2







1.24
1.37
1.62
1.78
.9875
.0222
1.120
.0517
5.99
3.1
4.7
4.7
5.5





1.34
1.43
1.70
1.84
.9805
.0211
1.2139
.0454
5.35
2.5
4.1
4.1
5.0




1
1
1








                                              73

-------
Falilc; r V-C-5 (con't) ' SEEDED EFFLUENT SAMPLES
Industrial Effluents
Days of NOD
Date Station Incubation (t/y) 1/

10/6 BS-012 6 1.96
12 2.04
20 1.97
31 2.23
All Points
.81769 r
.00946 m
1.88672 b
kio
Lo

BS-014 6 2.29
12 2.00
20 2.37
31 2.68
.7834 r
.0203 m
1.98557 b
Lo








NOD BOD CBOO CF>OD
-" mg/1 ir.g/1 (t/y) */3 mg/1

.8 3.1 1.38 2.3
1.4 5.4 1.44 4.0
2.6 6.8 1.68 4.2
2.S 8.0 1.81 5.2
Last 3 Pts . All Points
.76750 .9799
.01082 .0183
1.83269 1.2616
.0152 .0379
4.50 5.73

.5 3.4 1.27 2.9
1.5 5.1 1.49 3.6
1.5 6.1 1.63 4.6
1.6 7.0 1.79 5.4
.98996 .9764
.03533 .0199
1.60803 1.2015
.0573 .0432
1.82 5.80








1
1
1
1

1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
74

-------
v-c-6
THOMAS GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF  BOD  CONSTANTS
       SEEDED 6 DILUTED  EFFLUENT  SAMPLES
      STP Effluents ง Industrial Effluents
•
D^e Station
Days of
Incubation
NOD
(t/y) 1/3
NOD
m'-i/l
|
l"/4 Al lent own STP

1
1






• BS-015





1

I

BS-031


1

1




1
1
6
12
20
29
All Points
0.97275
0.00716
0.51002




6
12
20
29

0.20998
0.00096
0.45138



6
12
20
29








0.57
0.58
0.64
0.73
r
m
b

*10
Lo

0.50
0.40
0.48
0.49

r
m
b
kio
Lo





r
m
b
kio
Lo




33
63
78
75
Last 3 Ptซ
0.99672
0.00885
0.47009

0.0491
85.2

46.5
189
186
249

0.89782
0.00521
0.35078
0.0388
259.08

0
0
0
0 1




BOD
Kg/1

54
93
120
120







57
204
210
264







241.5
417.0
837
203.0




CBOD
(t/y) 1/J
CBOD
mg/1

0.66
0.74
0.7S
0.840
All Points
0.9800
0.0074
0.6308

0.0306
56.61
21
30
42
45







0.83
. 0.93
0.94
1.24

0.9251
0.0164
0.7100
0.0603
20.14
10.5
15
24
15







.29
.31
.288
.29
-0.3173
-0.0003
.3003
-0.0026
-6174.94




241.5
417.0
837.0
1203.0

Linear
(r=.996)






                                       75

-------
Table t V-C-6 (con't)
 SEEDED 5 DILUTED EFFLUENT SAMPLES
STP Effluents ง Industrial  Effluents
Days of
Date Station Incubation
NOD
Ct/y) I/
NOD
3 mg/1

10/4 Bethlehem STP 6
12
20
29
All Points
0.96920
0.00795
0.39184
0.46
0.46
0.55
0.63
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
60
102
123
115
Last 3 Pts
0.99770
0.00998
0.34380
0.0758
141.15

LO/5 Allentown STP 6
12
20
29
0.19308
0.00179
0.72500
0.83
0.63
0.74
0.82
r
m
b
Lo
10.5
48
49.5
52
0.99222
0.01113
0.50371
0.058
'
BS-015 6
12
20
29
-0.64501
-0.02122
1.12546
1.26
0.57
0.60
0.65
r
m
b
Lo
3.0
64.5
94.5
103.5
0.99402
0.00472
0.51062
0.0241
135.51
BOD
rag/1

99
120
189
189


21
64.5
78
90


4.5
64.5
94.5
103.5

CP.OD
Ct/y) 1/0
CBOD
rag/1

0.54
.874
0.672
0.73
All Points
-0.1559
-0.0075
1.0081
39
18
66
74
Linear
(r=.80)

0.83
0.90
0.80
0.91
0.3431
0.0018
0.8292
10.5
16.5
38.5
38
Linear
Cr=.920

1.59
0
0
0
-0.8325
-0.0972
1.8073
1.5
0
0
0
(A/No gr
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                                               76

-------
iMlc r V-C-6 (con't)
1

DB:e Station
T
10/5 BS-031



1

1
|
1-
Bethlehem STP

1

I~


1
SEEDED ?r DILUTED EFFLUENT SAMPLES
STP Effluents $ Industrial Effluents

Days of
Incubation

6
12
20
29

All Points




6
12
20
29
0.35409
0.00260
0.58987



NOD
(t/>0 l






T
m
b
Lo

0.68
0.54
0.61
0.71
r
m
b
klO
Lo

NOD
/3 mg/1

0
0
Q
0

Last 3 Pts




19.5
78
87.8
81.8
0.99772
0.01002
0.41620
0.0628
96.03
_
1^6 Allentown STP




1
1

6
12
20
31
.99230
.00943
.49984


.57
.60
.68
.80
r
m
b
klO
Lo
32.0
55.5
64.5
60.0 ]
.99971
.01055
.47179
.0584
70.89
BOD
rcS/1

123
244.5
431.3
576






36
105
126
129






47.0
79.5
102
L05.5





CROD
(t/v) 1/J>

CBOD
mg/1

0.56
0.37
0.35
0.57

All Points
0.1483
0.0001
0.3601

123.0
244.5
451.5
576.0

Linear
(r=.992)


0.36
0.76
0.81
0.85
0.8212
0.0186
0.3S30
0.127
60.94
16.5
27
38.2
47.2






.74
.79
.53
.87
.2011
.0027
.6859
.0103
130.81
15.0
24.0
37.5
46.5

Linear
(r=.987)


I
I
                                               77

-------
Tr.ble f V-C-6 (con't)
 SEEDED S DILUTED EFFLUENT SAMPLES
STP Effluents ง Industrial  Effluents
Days of
Date Station Incubation
KOI)
. i
Ct/y) l/
NOD
3 mg/1

10/6 BS-015 6
12
20
" 31
All Points
.46795
.00213
.56574


.62
.53
.62
.64

r
m
b
MO
Lo
25.5
81.8
81.8
115. S
Last 3 Pts
.90347
.00553
.48013
.0302
130.07

BS-031 6
12
20
31




0
0
0
0
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
BOD
THEJ/l

25. 5
88.5
SS.S
L21.5







0 121.5
0 256.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Bethel em STP 6
12
20
31
.95892
.00619
.48328


.54
.53
.61
.68
r
m
b
Mo
Lo
39.0
366
510





64.5
81.0 117.0
90.0 144.0
99.0
.99164
.00780
.44280
.0460
108.85
1S9.0





CBO:>
(t/v) ^
CBOD
me/1

0
1.18
1.47
1.73
All Points
.8732
.0617
.0510
5.19
2812.03
0
7.3
6.3
6.0






.05
.05
.38
.39
.8896
.0159
-.0570
-.728

121.5
256.5
366
510
Linear
(r*.992]



.62
.69
.72
.80
.9851
.0068
.5905
.0301
70.22
25.5
56.0
54.0
60.0




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                             10
   correlation coefficient
   slope
   y-intercept
   deoxygenation constant, day"*, base  10
   initial remaining demand, mg/1
                                               78

-------
 I
 I
 I
 Station
    -
   L-4
   T-1
   1-5
   T-2
   S-6
   S-7
   S-8
   L-9
   L-10
   L-ll
   L-12
   L-13
   L-14
   L-15
   L-16
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                   COMPILATION OF  CBOD  RIVER  SAMPLE KINETICS
Table # V-C-7
   n
(day
   s
          -1,
    10/4
    .054
    .033
    .049
    -.030*
    .053
    .061
    .062
    .060

    .045
    .052
    .044
    .029
    .022
    .028
    .037
    .037

     15
    .044
    .013
                (day'1)
                10/5
                .037
                .017
                .026
                .024
                .027
                .024
                .021
                .047
                .036
                .027
                .027
                .024
                .024*
                .019
                .041
                .002*
               -.007*
        10/6
        .057

        .039

        .042

        .057
        .034
        .024
        .041
        .054
        .043
        .045
        .047
        .051
 14      12
.028    .045
.009    .010
10/4
8.0
7.0
3.4
1.02
4.4
2.1
2.6
8.3

3.6
3.7
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.9
3.2
3.7
(rag/1)
10/5
1.2
7 .3
2.9
5.2
3.0
1.1
1.0
5.9
18.3
3.5
2.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.4
18.2
5.1

10/6
1.7
--
6.3
—
3.0
--
3.0
10.1
28.5
—
--
6.0
4.5
4.1
5.3
5.8
4.1
(coefficient of correlation)
   10/4    10/5    10/6
   .997    .991    .994
   .999    .962
   .998    .998    .906
 (-.533)    .999
   .999    .998    .995
   .997    .868
   .999    .824    .995
   .990    .997    .880
           .996    .871
   .995    .999
   .937    .995
  1.000    .995    .869
   .983    .662    .982
   .813    .973    .995
   .946    .803    .934
   .812    .128    .992
  1.000  (-.386)   .991
 •e  (day'1)
 *       se
 I

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I
    .101    .064    .104
    .030    .021    .023
            Overall
             n = 41
                 = -039, ke = .090
                 = .011,  se = .025
            * Excluded from calculation of average  k.
                                               79

-------
                  COMPILATION OF NOD RIVER SAMPLE KINETICS
Table #  V-C-8
 I
 I

Station
L-l
L-5
L-4
T-l
L-5
T-2
S-6
S-7
S-S
L-9
L-10
L-ll
L-12
L-13
L-14
L-15
L-16

n
kl0 (day'1)
S10
ke (day-1)
se



k10 (day'1)
10/4 10/5
.012 .002
.047 .057
.048 -.047*
.099 .034
.049 .051
.011 .023
.020 .061
.010* -.023*
.036
.052 .038
.054 .054
.054 -.032*
.045 -.010*
.056 .058
.024 .044
.024 .050
.055 .019

15 13
.043 .039
.020 .017
.041
.019

Overall
n = 38
ke= .
Lo (mg/1) r** (coefficient of
10/6
.007
—
.056
.055
--
.037
.009
.025
__
--
.027
.042
.071
.055
.072
.065

10
.043
.021




094
10/4
4.7
6.0
1.9
1.3
3.0
1.6
1.9
37.4
—
5.4
5.2
4.5
4.0
5.3
5.0
5.2
5.3









10/5
5.0
5.0
9.2
1.6
2.1
0.7
0.5
11.2
3.0
6.5
5.2
5.4
6.2
5.3
4.5
5.0
7.3









10/6
2.4
—
2.1
2.3
—
1.7
70.1
24.7
__
—
6.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.3









10/4
.984
.996
.998
.990
.986
.999
.986
-.796
—
1.000
.927
1.000
1.000
1.000
.999
.848
1.000









10/5
.725
1.000
-.802
.927
.979
.885
.764
-.797
.849
.999
.997
-.702
-.416
.988
.989
.998
.836









correlation)
10/6
.938
—
.789
.995
_-
.983
.962
.996
__
—
.935
.994
.998
.947
.998
1.000













1








1






1

1

1
    * Excluded from calculation of average  k.


   ** Values excluding day 6 data due to lag phase  (see Table V-C-4 for r values
      based on all data) .
                                      80
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1




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1

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1
1
/


COMPILATION

OF CBOD

and NOI
SEEDED EFFLUENT SAMPLF KINET!

Table # V-C-9

CBOD k10
Station 10/5
BS-005 .035
BS-006 .073
BS-007 .041
BS-OOS .040
BS-010 .016
BS-012 .021
BS-014 .025
NOD kio
BS-005 .045
BS-006 .032
BS-007 .039
BS-008 .035
BS-010 .024
BS-012 .015
BS-014 .043












(day1)
10/6
.043
.046
.046
.052
.045
.038
.043
(day"1)
.043
.060
.018
.010
.003
.015
.057












CBOD L0
10/5
4.S
4.1
3.5
4.0
5.2
4.6
5.3
NOD L0
5.7
2.6
2.2
2.0
2.9
4.5
6.7








Rl



(mg/1)
10/6
5.7
4.6
4.7
6.0
5.4
5.7
5.8
(mg/1)
1.1
1.1
3.5
2.3
10.7
4.5
1.8









           CBOD
(coefficient of correlation)
      10/5       10/6
      .983       .985
      .951       .982
      .981       .981
      .989       .988
      .796       .981
      .931       .980
      .990       .976
            NOD
(coefficient of correlation)
      .797        .996
      .993        .989
      .987        .877
      .981      -.485
      .999        .195
      .999        .768
      .996        .990

-------
Station
L-l
L-l
L-l
L-l
L-l
L-4
L-4
L-4
L-4
L-4
Date    Time
10/5    0825
10/5    1310
10/5    2000
10/5    2300
10/6    0300
10/5    0910
10/5
1355
10/5    1820
10/5    2030
10/6    0345
                                TABLE V  -  D-l
                              LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
                                 DIURNAL DATA

Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
PH
ML
5.85
7.1
7.2
7.05
7.5
7.45
7.45
7.43
7.55
7.55
7.5
7.53
7.3
7.2
6.5
7.0
7.6
7.65
7.65
7.63
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.33
7.25
7.1
6.6
7.0 '
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.53
Temp.
(ฐC1
12
12
12
12
13.5
13.0
13
13.16
14.1
14.0
13.8
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.6
13.3
14.6
12.2
12
12.2
12.13
14
14
14
14
13.5
13.5
14.5
13.8
14
14
14
14
13.8
14.0
14.0
13.9
D.O.
(PPnQ
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.8
10.7
10.5
10.6
10.5
10.6
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.4
11.1
10.9
10.5
10.8
10.6
10.2
9.8
10.2
10.4
10.2
10.1
10.23
10.5
10.5
10.4
10.4
10.0
10.0
10.8
10.3
10.2
9.8
9.5
9.8
Chlorophyll
(ppb)
	
4.5
	
0
	
3.0

4.5
4.5
0
	
0
	
	
4.5
3.0


1
1
1
a

1
1

1

1
|
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
                                            82

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Station
 I-
 IL9
 19
 I
   L-9

 I"
 |,,!
            10/5
        1420
L-n
L-l
L-n
            10/5    1900
            10/5    2110
            10/6    0005
            10/6    0410
            10/5    1150
            10/5    1450
10/5    1900
10/5   2140
10/6   0050
TABLE V -
LEHIGH RIVER
D-l
STUDY
DIURNAL DATA

Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
pH
(SU)
7.2
7.15
7.3
7.21
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.46
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.55
7.53
7.45
7.5
7.35
7.40
7.3
7.55
7.5
7.45
7.25
7.3
7.3
7.28
7.3
7.35
7.4
7.35
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
6.8
6.6
6.7
6.7
7.35
7.4
7.45
7.40
                                                    Temp.
                                                       13.5
                                                       13
                                                       14
                                                       12.73
                                                       15
                                                       14.
                                                       15.
                                                       .5
                                                       .5
                                        15.0
                                        14.5
                                        15
                                        15.5
                                        15.
                                        14.
                                        14.
                                        15.
                                                       .2
                                                       .5
                                                       15.0
                                                       14.5
                                                       15.0
                                                       15.5
                                                       15.0
                                                       13.8
                                                       14
                                                       14
                                                       14.1
                                                       15.0
                                                       14.0
                                                       14.0
                                                       14
                                                       14
                                                       14
                                                       14
                                                       14.5
                                                       16.0
                                                       16.0
                                                       16.0
                                                       16.0
                                                       15.0
                                                       15.0
                                                       15.0
                                                       15.0
                                                       14.5
                                                       14.5
                                                       14.5
                                                     14.5
                                                  D.O.
 9.8
 9.8
 9.4
 9.66
10.0
10.0
 9.8
 9.93
                                                                 10.
                                                                 10.
 9.8
10.1
 9.8
 9.5
10.1
 9.8
 9.7
 9.3
 9.0
 9.33
 9.7
 9.3
 9.0
 9.33
 9.5
 9.3
 9.0
 9.26
 9.3
 9.3
 9.0
 9.2
 9.8
 9.8
 9.4
 9.7
 9.8
 9.7
 9.6
 9.7
 9.4
 9.5
 9.4
 9.0
                                                                           Chlorophyll  a_
                                                                              (ppb)
                                                                            1.50
                                                                            1.50
                                                                            3.0
                                                                            6.0
                                                                            7.5
                                                                            3.8
                                                                            1.50
                                                                            1.50
                                                                            4.5
                                                                            7.5
                                                                3.0
                                         83

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Station      Date    Time





 L-ll         10/6    0440







 L-13        10/5     1010







 L-13        10/5     1520







 L-13        10/5     1950







 L-13        10/5     2100







 L-13        10/6     0125







 L-13        10/6     0515

TABLE V -

LEHIGH RIVER

D-l

STUDY









DIURNAL DATA

Location
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.
Right
Center
Left
Avg./Comp.





PH
(SU)
7.35
7.35
7.35
7.35
7.35
7.3
7,3
7.3
7.15
6.85
7.25
7.08
-6.5
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.6
7.55
7.55
7.6
7.56
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5





Temp.
(ฐC)
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
13.8
14
14
13.9
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
15.5
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
14.2
14.7
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.6





D.O.
(ppm)
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.9
8.8
8.6
8.65
8.68
8.4
8.6
8.9
8.6
9.2
9.2
9.4
9.33
9.2
9.2
9.4
9.33
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.56
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.76





Chlorophyll
(ppb)

	

3.0
	
6.0

	

4.5

	
3.0

	
3.0
• ••!ซ•
	
6.0
— mL ^ ^
3.0





1
1


.
g
•




1







1

1
•

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
                                             84

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 I

                                      TABLE V - E-1
 I                                 LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
                                   MAJOR DISCHARGE FLOWS

          Discharge Name                               Flows
 I                                   10/3 - 10/4       10/4 to 10/5        10/5 to 10/6
 "                                      [M5D]             (M5D1                [MSD]
 1       Allentown STP                   30.0               34.2                29.2
          Bethlehem STP                   10.0                8.7                 7.8
          Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #005    43.7               43.7                43.7
 —        Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #006    12.6               12.6                12.6
 •        Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #007     2.0                2.0                 2.0
 •        Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #008    15.8               15.8                15.8
          Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #010     6.1                6.1                 6.1
                  — --  -  _ _  __ ___ _  __
          Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #012    25.0               25.0                25.0
          Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #014     5.5                5.5                 5.5
 I        Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #015     6.0                6.0                 6.0
 •        Bethlehem Steel  Outfall  #031     0.06               0.06                0.06
          New Jersey Zinc  (Sauccn Creek    38                 38                  38
 —        below discharge)
 ™        Saucon Creek above  discharges     .56                ,5                  .5

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   TABLE V E-2

LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                              STREAM  FLOWS
                                                                                  I
Station                                        Flows
                                         10/4           10/6                       |
                                        (CFST           TCFS)
Jordan Creek                              142            104                       |
Little Lehigh                              60             57
Monocacy Creek                             47             39                       •
Saucon Creek                              ~60            ~60                       •
Lehigh River (hill to hill)              1905           1538
Lehigh River (Glendon)                   2098           1648                       J

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I
                                        86

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Location
 Date
Hamilton Street  10/5/77
Bridge, Allentown,
PA
0.15 miles down-  10/5/77
stream from Hill
to Hill Bridge

Upstream from     10/5/77
Saucon Creek
0.2 miles from
Freemansburg Bridge
Downstream from
Pipeline near
Redi ngton
10/5/77
Location

Lehigh at Bethlehem
(Hill to Hill Bridge)

Lehigh at Glendon
     TABLE V F-l

  LEHIGH RIVER STUDY

    TIME OF TRAVEL

Peak      Elapsed
Time       Time
          (hours)
            0300
            0805
            1025
           5.08
           7,42
            River
             Mile
                        17.3
             12.55
              9.4
 1609
13.15
6.0
                                  STREAM FLOWS
                       Approximate Flow*

                            1720 CFS


                            1875 CFS
       Average Speed
       Between Stations
            [MPH]
                                                                  0.94
                                                1.35
Comments
                                        1 qt.
                                        Rhodamine
                                        dumped at
                                        0300
                                                                  0.59
*  Flows were measured on 10/4 and 10/6.  The approximate flow is the average of
   these flows shown in Table V - E-2.

Done By:  Gerard R. Donovan, Jr.
          Ronald Jones
                                                87

-------
Location
Date
Hamilton Street 10/6/76   0440
Bridge, Allentown
PA
15 miles down-  10/6/76
stream from Hill
to Hill Bridge
Just upstream from 10/6/76 1005
mouth of Saucon
Creek.
Location
Hamilton Street
Bridge, Allentown,
PA

Lehigh at Bethlehem
(01453000)

Lehigh at Glendon
(01454700)
Done By:  George H. Houghton
          William M. Tt
          Robert L. Val
          Ronald Jones


TABLE V - F-2
LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
TIME OF TRAVEL (1976)

Peak Elaosed River
Time Time Mile
(hours)
0440 — 17.3



0823 3.72 12.55

i 1005 5.42 9.4
ROW MEASUREMENTS
Gauge Ht. Flow
(feet) TcFS)

—


2.70 2860

8.5 2730

;on
is, Jr.
idingham

1
1

I
1
Average Speed |
Between Stations Comments
(MPH) -
Dye Dump -\>
2000 ml •
Rhodamine B|
at 0440-
1.28 •
VB

1.85 •
1
1
Time Comments •

1
— Gauge key would not
work in lock. m
1
0800
1
1115
1
1
1
                                             88

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 I
 I
                 k.  Benthic Characterization-Sediment Oxygen Demand

                      At station L-13 the bottom was hard and sandy in the middle

 •     and on the right side (looking upstream).  Near the shore on the right

 •     side the bottom was a black, granular material, possibly coal dust, and

       the respirometer was able to seat properly.  The D.O. inside the respirometer

 •     dropped. 2.0 mg/1 in 80 minutes during the test.  There was no change in

       the accompanying dark bottle D.O., therefore it is assumed that all of the

 8     D.O. change is related to benthic demand.  Following are the calculations

 m     for SOD at L-13.

                  S1 * 2.0 mg/1 * 80 minutes -  .025 mg/l/min

 •                S" = 0

                  S =  .025 mg/l/min

                  SOD = 107 x S
                  SOD       = 107 x .025 mg/l/min = 2.675 g/m2/day
                     14.5ฐC
                                        (20 - T)
                  SOD     = SOD     x 9
                     |20ฐC      14.5
                                         (20 - 14.5)
                          = 2.675 x 1.06             - 2.675 x 1.414 = 3.78 g/mz/day
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                                               89

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                                         TABLE V - G
                                     LEHIGH RIVER STUDY
                                  BENTHIC CHARACTERIZATION
                         % dry weight         _ mg/kg _
                      TKN      TP     TOC     Zn      Cr      Cd      Cu      Pb      Fe
       L-13
   ehigh Upstream
   f Glencom Dam     .838    .1881    1.73    807    17.1     10.9    55.2    95.6    6780
•Lehigh at 3rd
•S
       L-16
       h at
   treet Bridge      .421    .1258    1.68    697    10.8     6.4    48.0    71.8    8525

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                                               91

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                                                                                I
VI.   Conclusions

     A.  A review of the long-term BOD data revealed a general  trend
of decreasing TKN-N concentration correlated with increasing (N02+N03)-N        jj
concentration, associated with the processes of nitrification.   The             _
one exception to this pattern was Bethlehem Steel outfall  031.   This            "
outfall had a high average BOD 29/31  of 763 ppm and a high average              •
initial TKN-N of 359 ppm.  However, little or no (N02+N03)-N was formed
after 30 days of incubation.  The sample was analyzed for phenol &              J
cyanide and found to contain 35.9 ppm total phenol  and 50 ppm cyanide.          _
This suggested that the outfall was toxic to nitrifying bacteria but            ™
not to the heterotrophic species present.                                       •
     B.  Nitrite was formed with incubation, but except for 771006-15           •
and 16 it decreased to "not detectable" (ND) after 30 days of incubation.
                                                                               I
     C.  A paired t-test of the results of the calculated NOD and
TCMP NOD over the combined 218 paired data sets established at the             •
95% confidence level (t = 0.75) that there was no significant difference
in the results of the two NOD methods.                                         I

     D.  The average rtver CBOD and NOD rate constants ke were                 •
respectively O.Q90 (n = 41) and 0.094 (n = 38).

     E.  The carbonaceous demand followed first order kinetics in
the river samples.  The river NOD involved at least a six day lag              I
phase, in which the nitrifying bacteria present may have become
acclimated to the experimental conditions and/or increased in number           |
enough to make a significant contribution.  The river NOD rate
                                                                               I
                                                                               I
                                     92

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I
.        calculations are included in Table V-C-4.  The deoxygenation constants
™        and ultimate NOD were calculated using "all points" and recalculated
•        excluding the early lag phase.  This lag phase was assumed to be a
          laboratory artifact and the deoxygenation constants compiled (Table
          V-C-8) were based on the last three data sets.

•             F.  The effluent samples which were both seeded and diluted often
          depleted oxygen (CBOD) in a linear pattern with time, which resulted
|        in poor correlation coefficients to first-order kinetics.  The NOD
M        for these samples displayed a lag time similar to the river samples
          (Table V-C-5 and V-C-6) and the ke values reported were similarly
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          based on the last three data sets.


-------
                                                                                   I

                                                                                   I
                              APPENDIX A                                           |

     A problem with the TKN analysis was encountered with several samples.         •
These results were considered questionable and appear as L.A. (laboratory
accident) in the data summary table.  The results for these samples were           •
as follows:
                                    Days of                                        •
                                                             TKN-N                 I
                                                              (ppm)

                                                              55.5                 "
                                                              65.8                 •
                                                              59.6
                                                                                   I

                                                                                   I
                                                              81.3                 •
                                                               7.56                •
     It is unclear whether the problem was due to interferences present
in the sample or due to the imprecision in the TKN-N test amplified by            I
the dilutions involved.


                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I

                                                                                  I
Date
10/5
10/5
10/5
10/6
10/6
10/6
10/6
Station
Bethlehem 015
Bethlehem 015
Bethlehem 031
T-6
Allentown STP
Bethlehem 015
Bethlehem 001
Days of
Incubation
6
29
29
Original Samp'
0
6
6

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                                   APPENDIX B
                           EPA PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Parameter
Dissolved
Oxygen
Electrode
Winkler

Chlorophyll a^

Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
Ammonia
Cone. Ranqe
 0-20 ppm
I   Nitrite  plus
*   Nitrate
Phenolics
BOD
   5

METALS

   Zn
 Accuracy
(avg.  % bias)
  ฑ 1%
1.89 ppm
2.18 ppm
5.09 ppm
5.81 ppm
.16 ppm
1.44 ppm
0.29 ppm
0.35 ppm
2.31 ppm
2.48 ppm
-24. 6%
-28.3%
-23.82
21.9%
+7%
-1%
+5.75%
+18.102;
+4.47%
-2.69%
    281  ppb
    310  ppb
     56  ppb
     70  ppb
      7  ppb
     11  ppb
    1.2%
    -.7%
   11.3%
    6.6%
  206%
   56.6%
              Preci si on-Standard
Cone. Range Deviation of the Differen
0-20 ppm
7.5 ppm
1.89 ppm
2.18 ppm
5.09 ppm
5.81 ppm
0.43 ppm
1.41 ppm
0.29 ppm
0.35 ppra
2.31 ppm
2.48 ppm
9.6 ppb
48.3 ppb
93.5 ppb
4.7 ppb
48.2 ppb
97.0 ppb
2.1 ppm
175 ppm
281 ppb
310 ppb
56 ppb
80 ppb
7 ppb
11 ppb
0.1 ppm
^.2 ppm
0.54 ppm
0.61 ppm
1.25 ppm
1.85 ppm
ฑ.005 ppm
ฑ.005 ppm
0.012 ppm
0.092 ppm
0.318 ppm
0.176 ppm
ฑ0.99 ppb
ฑ3.1 ppb
ฑ4.2 ppb
ฑ0.18 ppb
ฑ0.48 ppb
ฑ1.58 ppb
ฑ.7 ppm
ฑ26 ppm
97 ppb
114 ppb
28 ppb
28 ppb
28 ppb
18 ppb
                                                95

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Parameter
   Mn
    Fe
    Pb
•



APPENDIX B


Cone. Range


426 ppb
469 ppb
84 ppb
106 ppb
11 ppb
17 ppb
840 ppb
700 ppb
350 ppb
438 ppb
24 ppb
10 ppb
367 ppb
334 ppb
101 ppb
84 ppb
37 ppb
25 ppb







EPA PRECISION AND

Accuracy
(avg. % bias)

1.5%
1.22
2.1%
-2.1%
93%
22%
1.8%
-2.8%
-0.5%
-0.7%
141%
382%
2.9%
1.8%
-0.2%
1.1%
9.6%
25.7%







ACCURACY

Cone. Range


426 ppb
469 ppb
84 ppb
106 ppb
11 ppb
17 ppb
840 ppb
700 ppb
350 ppb
438 ppb
24 ppb
10 ppb
367 ppb
334 ppb
101 ppb
84 ppb
37 ppb
25 ppb








Precision Standard
1
1
•
1
1
Deviation of the Differe;


70 ppb
97 ppb
26 ppb
31 ppb
27 ppb
20 ppb
173 ppb
178 ppb
131 ppb
183 ppb
69 ppb
69 ppb
128 ppb
111 ppb
46 ppb
40 ppb
25 ppb
22 ppb










1

1

1

1
1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
                                            96

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     Parameter

        Cd
        Cu
        Cr
Total  Phosphorus
   (T-P04)
 Total Organic
    Carbon
    (TOO
  Cone.
  Range
 71
 78
 14
 18
  1.4
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
                      2.8  ppb
302
332
 60
 75
  7.
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
 12.0 ppb

370   ppb
407   ppb
 74   ppb
 93   ppb
  7.4 ppb
 15   ppb

  0.07ppm
  0.76ppm
  4.9 ppm
107   ppm
                                   APPENDIX B (con't)
           Accuracy
         (ave.  % bias)
- 2.2
- 5.7
 19.8
  1.9
 13.5
  4.7

  0.9
- 2.4
  7.0
  1.3
 29.7
 15.5
- 4.5
- 6.5
- 3.1
                                     •10,
                                      37
       of
       m
  6.8

- 1.0
+15.32
+ 1.01
  Cone.
  Range
 71
 78
 14
 18
  1,
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                                    2.8  ppb
320
332
 60
 75
  7.5
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                       ppb
                             12.0 ppb

                            370   ppb
                            407   ppb
                             74   ppb
                             93   ppb
                              7.4 ppb
                             15   ppb

                               .04ppm
                               .19ppm
                               .35ppm
                               .84ppm

                              4.9 ppm
                            107   ppm
                                  Precision
                                std. deviation
                                 of the diff.
                                  21
                                  18
                                  11
                                  10
                                    5
                                   55
                                   56
                                   23
                                   22
                                    6,
                                               2.8
                                                                        9.7
                 105
                 128
                  29
                  35
                   7,
                   Q
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb

ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb

ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
ppb
                    .005 ppm
                    .000 ppm
                    .003 ppm
                    .000 ppm
                   3.93
                   8.32
                                          ppm
                                          ppm
                                             97

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                             APPENDIX C
                        Benthic Respirometer

     The AFO benthic respirometer is shaped like a pyramid with vertical
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and horizontal stabilizing flanges.  A DO probe is fixed in one side wall
of the pyramid and a small pump is attached on the wall with the pump              I
discharge opposite the DO probe membrane.  Circulation from the pump
discharge provides the mixing required when using the probe method of              |
DO measurement.  The inside volume was measured to be 27.62 1 and it               _
covers a surface area of 4 ft2.  (See Figure III-l).  Plotting the DO              •
concentration inside the respirometer against time typically results in            •
a constant negative slope for the first 30 to 60 minutes; after this
initial period, the slope gradually approaches zero (see  Figure III-2).            |
The initial slope, S1 (mg/l/min), is taken as the net respiration in the sediments
and trapped water.  If a dark bottle filled with bottom water is placed next       •
to the respirometer during operation, the DO concentration will decline            •
due to aerobic respiration in the trapped water.  Subtracting the average
respiration rate in the water column, S" (mg/l/min), from the initial slope        I
measured by the respirometer will give the respiration in the sediments:

          S Ong/1/min) = S1 - S"                                             (1)
                                                                                   I
     This measure of benthic respiration must be converted to standard units       _
as follows:
                                                                                  I
              10.764  (ft2/m2) x V  (1) x A'1  (ft2)  *  0.258 x S x V/A         (2)  |
            2
SOD_ (g DO/m /day) = S (mg/l/min) x 1440 (min/day) x 0.001 (g/mg)
                                        98

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rigure C-l
       BENTHIC   RESPIROMETER
                                 DO  METER
T^
V*
•• .
• •
* ^&. *
* *
                                 2v D.C.
   V = 27.6 I
A= 4 ff
                        oo

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      Figure C-2 •                                                   I

TYPICAL  GRAPH  AND WORKSHEET FROM RESPIROMETER
          7-
          6-
          5-
          4-
          3-
TEMP =  24'C
INITIAL  SLOPE
                    S' = 0.0333 mg/l / mi
                    (2mg/l / hr)
                   30
   60
time t min
        90
          DARK  BOTTLE  DROPS  0.2 mg/l  IN 60  MINUTES
          S"- =  0.0033 mg/l / min
          S  s S'-S" = 0.030 mg/l / min
          SOD  = 107 x S  =  3.21  g/m2/day
          SOD   = SODT x I.06520"24 = 2.50 g/m2/day
                                TOO
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•      Given the volume and bottom surface area of our particular benthic
™      respirometer, equation (2) becomes:
                              12
                  SODT (g DO/m /day) = 107 x S (mg/l/min)                          (3)

        Aerobic bacterial respiration is generally considered to be an exponential
        function of temperature such as:

                  R2Q = RT x QT~20                                                (4)

         where    R2Q = rate at 20ฐC;
                  Ry = rate at TฐC;
                  6  = temperature correction factor (1.05 - 1.10, generally)
_
        Our SOD data,  measured  at Tฐ,  is  finally  reported  as  corrected  to  20ฐ:with
                  SOD20  =  SODT x 1.065"                                         (5)
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|      ฉ set at the standard value of 1.065:
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                                              101

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                                 REFERENCES
1.  EPA Methods  for Chemical Analysis  of Water and Wastes, 1974.
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2.  Finstein,  M.S.,  et  al,  "Distribution of Autotrophic  Nitrifying  Bacteria  in         _
    a Polluted Stream",  N.J.  Water  Resource Research  Institute W7406834,  February      •
    1974.                                                                              •
3.  Wezernak,  C.T. .and  Gannon,  J.J.,  "Evaluation  of Nitrification in  Streams",         •
    J.  Sanitary Engineering Division;  Program  of  American  Society of  Civil             •
    Engineers, p.. 8tt -  895 (Oct. 1968).
4.  Thomas, H.A., "Graphical  Determination of  B.O.D.  Curve Constants",  Vlater and      I
    Sewage Works, p. 123 -  124, March 1950.
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                                          102

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