Tfc                              -    '
   t.s                                                             903R83002
                                         U.S. EPA Region III
                                         Regional Center for Environmental
                                           Information
                                         1G50 Arch Street (3PM52)
                                         Philadelphia, PA 19103
                              VAPOR CONTROLS FOR  VEHICLE TANK
                       REFUELING AT RETAIL GASOLINE  SERVICE STATIONS
                                            by

                                 PEDCo Environmental,  Inc.
                                    1006 N. Bowen  Road
                                  Arlington, Texas   76012
                                  Contract No. 68-02-3512
     Regional Center for Environmental information            T3SR Order NO   43
           US EPA Region III
            1650 Arch St
          Philadelphia. PA 19101


                                      Project Officer
                                        Eileen Glen
                           U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                        REGION  III
                             PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA  19106
                                       December 1983

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                                   CONTENTS
                                                                        Page

Figures                                                                  in
Tables                                                                     v
Summary                                                                   vi

1.   Introduction                                                          1

     1.1  Sources and amounts of emissions                                 1

2.   Emission Control Techniques                                           4

     2.1  Vapor balance system                                             4
     2.2  Vapor aspirator system                                           4
     2.3  Vacuum-assisted system                                           8
     2.4  Efficiencies of various control systems                         10
     2.5  Vapor control systems in the District of Columbia and
           southern California                                            10

3.   Cost Analysis                                                        13

     3.1  Model stations                                                  13
     3.2  Assumptions                                                     13
     3.3  Capital investment                                              14
     3.4  Annual costs                                                    14
     3.5  Cost-effectiveness                                              17
     3.6  Economic impact of controls                                     17

4.   Regulatory Analysis                                                  19

     4.1  Draft regulations                                               19
     4.2  Regulation in other areas                                       22
     4.3  Fire and explosion hazards                                      22
     4.4  Compliance and monitoring techniques                            22

References                                                                24

Appendices
     A    State of California Assembly Bill No. 127                      A-l

     B    District of Columbia - Regulation for the Control of Evap-
           oration Losses From the Filling of Vehicular Fuel Tanks       B-l
                                       11

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CONTENTS (continued)
                                                                        Page
Appendices (continued)
     C    State of California Air Resources Board - Certification
           Procedures for Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service
           Stations                                                      C-l

     D    South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule No.  461       D-l

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                                    FIGURES






Number                                                                   Page



   1      Vapor Recovery Nozzle in Vapor-Balance System                     5



   2      Vapor-Balance Systems                                             6




   3      Aspirator-Assisted System                                         7



   4      Vacuum-Assisted System With Incinerator                           9
                                      iv

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                                    TABLES


Number                                                                   Page

   1      Gasoline Stations and Pumps in Phildelphia AQCR                   2

   2      Potential  VOC Emissions from Service Stations                     3

   3      Uncontrolled VOC Emissions From Vehicle Refueling At Various
          Sized Retail Gasoline Service Stations                             3

   4      Capital  Investment Costs for Various Vapor Control  Systems
          for Vehicle Tank Refueling                                       15

   5      Annual Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of  Vapor Control
          Systems  for Vehicle Tank Refueling                               16

   6      Economic Effect of Vapor Control on Gasoline Prices              18

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                                    SUMMARY

     Retail gasoline service stations constitute a large source of uncontrol-
led VOC emissions.   Emission sources include underground storage tank filling
and breathing losses, spills, and vehicle tank refueling losses.   Current VOC
regulations for nonattainment areas require the control  of VOC losses from
underground storage tank filling, commonly called Stage I controls.   In areas
where this level of control does not clearly demonstrate attainment will be
achieved, additional VOC regulations may be required.
     The VOC losses from vehicle tank refueling at retail gasoline service
stations, can be controlled.  Known as Stage II controls, vapor-balance,
vapor-aspirator, or vacuum-assisted systems can be used.  Field tests demon-
strate that efficiencies are 95 percent for vapor-balance system, 96 percent
for vapor aspirator, and 97+ percent for vacuum-assisted system.   The vapor
recovered is equal  to the vapor controlled with the vapor-balance and vapor-
aspirator systems,  whereas only half of the vapor controlled by a vacuum-
assisted system is  recovered, as part of this stream is incinerated.
     Economic analyses of the three systems show the vapor-balance system to
be the most affordable.   The addition of a vapor-balance system to retail
stations would add  an average of 0.2 cent per gallon to the cost of gasoline
(in September 1982  dollars).  The analyses also indicate that control of
stations with a monthly throughput of 30,000 gallons or less may not be cost-
effective.
     The Philadelphia Air Quality Control Region should pattern its regula-
tions after the California and District of Columbia regulations.   These are
the only two areas  that currently require Stage II controls.  Both require
vapor-balance systems with a 90 percent vapor control  efficiency; an initial
system certification that includes a 90-day performance/reliability test; and
operation and maintenance guidelines calling for monitoring by appropriate
indicating gauges,  alarms, and/or detection devices.   Some of the problems

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have resulted from poor equipment maintenance and improper operation by self-
service customers.
                                      VI 1

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                                   SECTION 1
                                 INTRODUCTION

     Over the past several  years the Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards (OAQPS) of the U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a
series of Control  Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) for volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) to assist state and  local agencies in developing regulations for VOC
control.   Although the CTGs covered major VOC source categories from an over-
all nationwide perspective, several VOC source categories that are not covered
by CTG documents are major  contributors to the ozone problem within a given
area.
     Air pollution control  agencies in  the Philadelphia Air Quality Control
Region (AQCR) have asked for guidance in determining if VOC controls are
available for non-CTG sources and information to assist them in developing
appropriate regulations.   One such VOC  source is vehicle tank refueling opera-
tions  at retail gasoline service stations.

1.1  SOURCES AND AMOUNTS OF EMISSIONS
     This report deals only with emissions that occur during retail vehicle
refueling.   Other emissions sources are either already effectively regulated
or are not economically feasible to control (such as underground tank breath-
ing losses).  During refueling, the volume of gasoline vapor displaced in the
nearly empty vehicle tank equals that of the liquid gasoline added.  In areas
of the country where the underground gasoline tank filling operations are
controlled by vapor balance, vehicle refueling emissions account for 84 per-
cent of the remaining uncontrolled VOC  emissions.
     Because gasoline is subject to Federal and state taxes, public records
provide a good estimate of  the number of retail gasoline service stations and
pumps  in the Philadelphia AQCR.  Data was not available for wholesale consump-
tion.   These public records show that the area has about 4500 stations with

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24,000 pumps.   Table 1 summarizes this information.   Table 2 lists the emis-

sion sources at retail gasoline service stations and their uncontrolled emis-

sion rates.


          TABLE 1.   GASOLINE STATIONS AND PUMPS IN PHILDELPHIA AQCRa
                                   Number of        Number  ,
                  Area            facilities      of pumps3'

        PENNSYLVANIA
          Philadelphia County        1,311           5,544
          Montgomery County            546           3,855
          Bucks County                 452           3,199
          Del County                   331           2,764
          Chester County               316           1,867

        NEW JERSEY
          Camden County                305           2,090
          Gloucester County            137             499
          Mercer County                 97             743
          Trenton City                  44             228
          Hamilton Township             67             505
          Salem County     ,            150             576
          Burlington County  >c         275            1480

        DELAWARE              ,
          New Castle County  '          400           2,000

        TOTAL                        4,431          25,350


 Reference 1.

 Data on the number of pumps is approximate.  In many cases, agencies list
 only aggregate figures on the number of pumps; thus diesel and kerosene
 pumps are included.   In all cases,  however, agencies estimated that only a
 very small  proportion of the pumps  are kerosene or diesel.

 The figure given is an estimate based on the ratio of pumps to stations in
 all other areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.


 Only statewide data were available  from the Delaware Department of Weights
 and Measures.   The Delaware Division of Natural Resources and Environmental
 Control provided the estimates for  New Castle County.

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            TABLE 2.   POTENTIAL VOC EMISSIONS FROM SERVICE STATIONS2
                           (lb/1000 gal  throughput)
                         Source

               Underground tank breathing
               Underground tank filling:
                 Splash type
                 Submerged type
                 Vapor balance type
               Spillage
               Vehicle refueling

               Total  without control
VOC emissions

     1.0

    11.5
     7.5
     0.3
     0.7
     9.0

    22.2
     Retail service stations are ranked in size according to monthly gasoline

sales and to the number of gasoline dispenser nozzles at the station.   Accord-

ing to national  data,2'3 the monthly throughput at retail stations ranges from

15,000 to 180,000 gallons per month, and the number of dispenser nozzles

varies from 2 to 15.   The typical  service station has six dispenser nozzles,

three 10,000-galIon underground storage tanks,  and a monthly throughput rang-

ing from 39,000  to 60,000 gallons.3  Table 3 presents estimated uncontrolled

emissions from vehicle refueling at various sized service stations.
               TABLE 3.   UNCONTROLLED VOC EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLE
          REFUELING AT VARIOUS SIZED RETAIL GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS3

Number of dispenser nozzles
Uncontrolled VOC emissions
Pounds per month
Tons per year
Station throughput, gal/mo
15,000
2
135
0.81
30,000
3
270
1.62
60,000
6
540
3.24
90,000
9
810
4.86
120,000
12
1,080
6.48
180,000
15
1,620
9.72

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                                   SECTION 2
                          EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES

     Several methods are available for capturing gasoline vapor at the vehicle
fuel tank during refueling.   In all  cases, the captured vapor is either routed
back to the undergound fuel  storage  tank or to a thermal  incinerator.

2.1  VAPOR-BALANCE SYSTEM
     The vapor balance system is the simplest method for vapor capture and
control.  As shown in Figure 1, the  dispensing nozzle is sealed against the
vehicle fill neck by a faceplate attached to a flexible rubber boot.   As the
displaced vapor from the fuel tank is captured,  it flows via the nozzle and a
vapor hose back to the underground storage tank from which gasoline is being
pumped to the 'Vehicle.  Figure 2 presents schematics of two configurations.
Sensors in the vapor-return line detect any blockage due to liquid entrainment
or condensation.  To prevent loss of vapor due to poor fit, manufacturers
often incorporate a no-seal, no-flow technology into the nozzle, which pre-
vents the flow of gasoline until the nozzle boot makes a proper seal  against
the vehicle fill neck.  The OPW division of Dover Corporation of Cincinnati,
Ohio, and EMCO-Wheaton of Conneaut,  Ohio, manufacture the vapor-balance sys-
tems that are in service in the District of Columbia and Southern California.
These two companies also manufacture most of the gasoline nozzles used in
other systems.3  Both companies estimate that it would take three to four
months to manufacture enough nozzles to supply the AQCR (personal communica-
tion from T. Atha, OPW, December 19, 1983 and D. Funk, EMCO-Wheaton,  Decem-
ber 19, 1983).

2.2  VAPOR ASPIRATOR SYSTEM
     An aspirator is sometimes used  to capture vapor from vehicle fuel tanks.
The aspirator creates a slight vacuum (3 to 5 mm Hg) in the vapor line.3  As
shown in Figure 3, a portion of the  pumped gasoline flow is diverted through

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      FLUID OUT
      TO METER
     GASOLINE IN
                              • ASPIRATOR

                              -SHEAR JOINT
                                                          VAPOR SCREEN
                         PRESSURE TAP
                          AND TUBING
                                                                 VAPOR FROM
                                                                VEHICLE TANK
                                                         VAPOR CHECK
                                                            VALVE
              GASOLINE AND VAPOR
              TO UNDERGROUND TANK
                   Figure 3.   Aspirator-assisted system.3
Source:   Red  Jacket  Division of Weil-McLain  Co.,  Inc., Davenport,  Iowa

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an aspirator to create the vacuum.   The displaced vapors return to the gaso-
line storage tank.   The generation of the vacuum is a function of the gasoline
flow rate through the aspirator.   Thus, as higher liquid gasoline flow rates
displace more vapor, the diverted gasoline stream flow rate to the aspirator
is commensurately higher.   This creates a larger vacuum, which permits more
vapor capture.   As in the vapor-balance system,  the vapor line must be equip-
ped with liquid blockage sensors  to detect blockage from entrained or con-
densed liquid.   Healey Systems of Cambridge,  Massachusetts, recently intro-
duced a vacuum aspirator system into the Southern California market.   Vacuum-
aspirator systems by Red Jacket Systems of Davenport, Iowa, are currently in
service in California, but the company is no  longer producing the units.

2.3  VACUUM-ASSISTED SYSTEM
     This system incorporates a blower in the vapor return line to generate a
slightly higher vacuum (25 to 50  mm Hg) than  the aspirator system.3  Figure 4
is a schematic diagram of this system.   As a  result of the larger vacuum, air
and gasoline vapor are drawn in around the vehicle fill  neck, which eliminates
the need for a seal between the gasoline nozzle  and the  vapor collection boot.
Air that enters the system creates a vapor volume larger than the volume of
liquid gasoline dispensed from the underground storage tank, however, and this
excess air and gasoline vapor volume must be  processed before it is released
to the atmosphere.   The system includes a thermal incinerator, which is used
to oxidize the captured vapors.
     The system operates automatically.  Fuel-dispensing operations activate
the inline blower.   Pressure sensors in the underground  storage tank regulate
the amount of air and gasoline vapor routed to the incinerator.  When the tank
pressure increases to a set level, the vapor  stream is diverted from the
storage tank to the incinerator.   When tank pressure decreases to a preset
load, the air-vapor stream is routed back to  the storage tank and the flow to
the incinerator stops.  Hassteck Systems of San  Diego, California, and Hirt
Combustion of Montebella, California, produce the vacuum-assisted systems
currently in service in California.3

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       r
VENT
                                                   TO ATMOSPHERE
VAPOR COLLECTION
     BLOWER
                                                         INCINERATOR
                                                            UNIT
          STORAGE  TANK
       VAPOR LINE
       LIQUID LINE
          Figure 4.  Vacuum-assisted system with  incinerator.3

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2.4  EFFICIENCIES OF THE VARIOUS CONTROL SYSTEMS

     Control system efficiencies vary with the method of vapor collection.

The efficiency of the vapor-balance method,  the simplest system used,  depends

upon the seal  between the nozzle boot and the vehicle tank fill  neck.   Report-

ed efficiencies (based on field tests) range from 94 to 98 percent and average

96 percent (personal communication from C.  Jones, District of Columbia Bureau

of Air and Water Quality, October 11, 1983).   If the design of the vapor-

balance system is such that gasoline is dispensed only with a positive seal,  a

96 percent collection efficiency is possible.  Microswitches in the nozzle

seal prevent the gasoline pump from operating unless the seal is positive.

     A positive seal between the dispenser nozzle and tank fill  neck is not as

critical for the aspirator or vacuum-assisted control systems because  these

systems can tolerate air inleakage.  Based on tests, system efficiencies for

aspirator systems range from 94 to 99 percent.   Vacuum-assisted control sys-

tems operate at efficiencies well in excess  of 95 percent, with an average  of

97 percent (personal communication from C.  Jones, District of Columbia Bureau

of Air and Water Quality, October 11, 1983).

     Although manufacturers of systems in service in Southern California

warrant 95 percent efficiency, the current estimate for units in service and

in good condition is 90 percent.3  The State of California is planning addi-

tional tests to determine field performance.

     For this report, system evaluations were performed at the following

selected design efficiencies:

                    Control system           Control efficiency, %

                    Vapor-balance                     90
                    Vapor-aspirator                   95
                    Vacuum-assisted                   97



2.5  VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

     The District of Columbia has approximately 215 service stations,  and all

but one of these use vapor-balance control.   That one uses vacuum assistance.

Oil companies use vapor balance because it is the cheapest; however, the

District is considering amending regulations to require vacuum assistance in

all stations that have 14 or more nozzles.
                                       10

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     The vapor-balance systems are manufactured by EMCO-Wheaton of Conneaut,

Ohio, and the OPW Division of Dover Corporation,  Cincinnati, Ohio.  Since the

District of 'Columbia area has six distributors, parts are readily available.

     The following are some of the operational  problems that have been en-

countered in vapor-balance systems:

     1.    The rubber parts of the system, particularly the bellows, are
          very susceptible to damage.

     2.    If hoses become kinked or ripped, vapor will not have a good
          route for return to the tank.


     3.    Hoses returning to the tank must be self-draining and free of
          "liquid.

     4.    The equipment must be properly operated to achieve the attain-
          able control efficiency.  About two-thirds of the gasoline
          sold in the District of Columbia is self-service, and educat-
          ing the self-service customer is a big problem.  Brochures
          giving instructions on the operation of self-service pumps
          have been mailed with water bills, and the District is consid-
          ering making it mandatory for stations to post instructions on
          the pumps.

     The District initially inspects the .gasoline service stations to see that

the control equipment is installed and conducts followup inspections to check

that the control equipment is still in place.  Spot checks are also made to

assure that the control equipment is kept in good working order.

     About 80 percent of the 8000 to 9000 gasoline service stations in the

Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCQAMD) have either OPW

or EMCO-Wheaton vapor-balance control  systems.   Spare parts for these systems

are readily available.

     The SCQAMD considers system maintenance and quality control to be the

major problems.  They (like the District of Columbia) find the rubber boot

material to be susceptible to detoriation, cutting, and tearing.  The SCQAMD

also found educating the self-service customer on the proper use of the equip-

ment to be a problem.  Instructional signs with toll-free telephone numbers

are posted on all  pumps.

     The equipment is warranted to achieve 95 percent control.   There are no

data based on actual field performance;  however,  a test program is being

initiated.
                                       11

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     The control  equipment is inspected when first installed.   Although

SCQAMD's goal  is  to inspect every station twice a year,  this  is not always

achieved.

     During an inspection, pumps are tagged as  being out of order if a tear of

one inch or greater is found in the bellows.   If two or  more  pumps  are tagged

at a service station during an inspection,  a violation is issued that results

in a fine or other court action.   In September  1983, SCQAMD made 892 inspec-

tions and examined about 7000 nozzles.   Three hundred and sixty-five were

tagged as out of  order,  and 85 violations were  issued.
                                       12

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                                   SECTION 3

                            COST/ECONOMIC ANALYSIS



     This section presents an economic analysis of each of the three control

systems.



3.1  MODEL STATIONS

     According to survey data,3 service stations are rated in size according

to their monthly throughput of dispensed gasoline.  Sizes range from a minimum

of 15,000 gallons per month to a maximum of 180,000 gallons per month.  We

estimated costs for six model stations within this range as:

                    Small station       15,000 and 30,000 gal/mo
                    Medium station      60,000 and 90,000 gal/mo
                    Large station       120,000 and 180,000 gal/mo

     A typical station, based on the national projection of gasoline sales and

number of service stations,3 is expected to have a monthly throughput of

approximately 50,000 gallons in 1983.   Thus, our model station with a through-

put of 60,000 gallons per month would approximate the national average.



3.2  ASSUMPTIONS

     To derive capital and operation and maintenance costs for the various

vapor control systems, we made the following assumptions:

     1.    The typical and model station sizes derived from national data
          represent service station sizes in the Philadelphia AQCR.

     2.    Capital investment and indirect operating costs can be con-
          verted to September 1982 costs by use of the Plant Cost Index
          from Chemical Engineering magazine.

     3.    Direct annual operating costs for each vapor control system
          are primarily for system maintenance and can be converted to
          September 1982 by use of the Hourly Earnings Index from Chemi-
          cal Engineering magazine.
                                       13

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     4.    The annual  credits for recovered gasoline are based on the
          September 1982 prices for wholesale gasoline.
     5.    The economic impact of station downtime due to equipment
          malfunction is minor.
3.3  CAPITAL INVESTMENT
     The capital  investment required for a vapor control  system varies with
the throughput and the physical  layout of the station and the type of vapor
recovery system used.   The investment costs include equipment,  necessary
piping and instrumentation, and  all  installation charges.   Table 4 presents
the average investment costs for vapor-recovery systems.3'4  Actual  costs for
an individual  station may vary from these averages by as  much as 30  percent
because of such site-specific requirements as piping and  excavation.   Neces-
sary modifications to underground piping systems can drastically affect the
capital investment; the additional cost could be as high  as $3000.   In Cali-
fornia, about half of the vapor-aspirator systems required modifications
costing from $7,000 to $11,000.   The vacuum-assisted systems required modi-
fication costing from $9,000 to  $12,000 (personal communication from C. Jones,
District of Columbia Bureau of Air and Water Quality, October 11,  1983).

3.4  ANNUAL COSTS
     Table 5 shows the annual costs for the three control systems, including
direct operating costs, indirect costs, and gasoline recovery credits.5
     Direct operating costs for  vapor-balance and vapor-aspirator systems
cover the maintenance and materials required to keep the  gasoline nozzles in
good operating condition.  For the vacuum-assisted system, direct costs also
cover incinerator maintenance and the electrical energy required to  operate
the blower.
     Indirect costs include a capital recovery charge and an allowance for
property taxes, insurance, and administrative costs.  The annual capital
recovery charge (based on a 10-year system life and 10 percent interest) is
16.275 percent of the capital investment.6  The allowance for taxes, insur-
ance, and administrative costs is 4 percent of the capital investment.3
     Installation costs for the  same task vary greatly.   For example, instal-
lation costs of the EMCO-Wheaton nozzle varied from $27 to $120 per  nozzle,

                                       14

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            TABLE 4.   CAPITAL INVESTMENT COSTS FOR VARIOUS VAPOR
                 CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLE TANK REFUELING.3
                    (Thousands of September 1982 dollars)
       Size of service station
           Type of vapor control  system
    Monthly throughput,
          gallons

           15,000
           30,000
           60,000
           90,000
          120,000
          180,000
Number of
 nozzles
 Vapor
balance
    9C
   12
   15
  6.
  6.
  9.
 11.
 14.5
 17.5
Aspirator-
 assisted

    7.8
    8.5
   12.8
   16.0
   19.9
   24.3
 Vacuum-
assisted

  14.8
  15.8
  18.4
  21.
  24.
   1
  .6
28.5
Values shown for 3-,  6-, and 9-nozzle stations are within an average of 10
percent of the costs  developed by California Air Resources Board (Reference
4).
                                      15

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and the costs of underground piping modifications for Red Jacket systems

varied from $3000 to $8000.

     Gasoline recovery credits are based on a September 1982 wholesale gaso-

line price of $1.21 per gallon.8  This price takes into account the Federal

tax of $0.05/gal and a State tax of $0.10/gal.   Actual  State gasoline taxes

range from $0.08/gal in New Jersey to $0.12/gal  plus a 6 percent tax on the

oil company in Pennsylvania.



3.5  COST-EFFECTIVENESS

     The cost-effectiveness of the control  systems was determined by dividing

the annual costs for each system by the amount of VOC removed each year.  (For

the vacuum-assisted system, the gasoline removed per year is twice the amount

recovered.)  This gives cost per ton of VOC controlled.   The results presented

in Table 5 show that:

     1.   The vapor-balance control system is the most cost-effective
          system over the entire range of service stations.

     2.   The control  costs for the smaller-capacity service stations
          are two to four times higher than those for larger-capacity
          stations.

     3.   The average cost-effectiveness of a vapor-balance control
          system over the size range of stations considered is $370 per
          ton of gasoline recovered.



3.6  ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CONTROLS

     The cost of a vapor control system in a retail gasoline outlet will be

passed on to the customer as a slight increase in the price of gasoline.  The

cost increase per gallon for each control system option was calculated by

dividing the annual cost by the annual gasoline throughput.   The results shown

in Table 6 indicate that except for the smaller-sized stations, the additonal

cost to the consumer averages less than 0.5 cent per gallon of gasoline.

These costs are confirmed by two previous studies:  one in California5 and one

for the District of Columbia.3
                                       17

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                   TABLE 6.   ECONOMIC EFFECT OF  VAPOR
                       CONTROLS ON GASOLINE PRICES
Control  system

Vapor-balance
Aspirator-
 assisted
Vacuum-assisted
  Monthly station
throughput, gallons

       15,000
       30,000
       60,000
       90,000
      120,000
      180,000

       15,000
       30,000
       60,000
       90,000
      120,000
      180,000

       15,000
       30,000
       60,000
       90,000
      120,000
      180,000
   Annual  cost,
Sept.  1982 dollars
                                    18
          430
          260
          470
          650
          770
                                             1,410
          670
          540
          970
          150
          490
                                             2,270
        3,480
        3,560
        3,910
        4,270
        4,790
        5,040
 Added cost,
cents/gal Ion

      0.79
      0.35
      0.20
      0.15
      0.12
      0.07

      0.93
      0.43
      0.27
      0.20
      0.17
      0.11

      1.90
      0.99
      0.54
      0.40
      0.33
      0.23

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                                   SECTION 4

                              REGULATORY ANALYSIS



     The findings of the analyses of the various vapor control  systems avail-

able for retail  gasoline service stations lead to the following conclusions:

     1.    At least a 90 percent reduction of gasoline vapor losses from
          vehicle refueling is possible at retail service stations.
          Tests  to be conducted by the Southern California Air  Quality
          Management District may provide a more definitive answer.

     2.    The vapor-balance control system is the most cost-effective
          system available.

     3.    Use of the vapor-balance control system results in an average
          incremental overhead expense of approximately 0.2 cent per
          gallon of gasoline.



4.1  DRAFT REGULATION

     The following are proposed draft regulations for the Phildelphia AQCR for

emissions resulting from the transfer of gasoline to vehicular  fuel  tanks:

Control  of Evaporative Losses From the Filling of Vehicular Fuel Tanks

A(l) No person shall cause, suffer, or allow the transfer of gasoline to
     any vehicular fuel tank from any stationary storage container
     unless the  transfer is made through a fill nozzle designed, oper-
     ated, and maintained so as:

     a.    To prevent the discharge of gasoline vapors to the atmosphere
          from either the vehicle filler neck or the filler nozzle;

     b.    To direct the displaced vapor from the vehicular fuel tank to
          a vapor-balance or equivalent system that recovers or destroys
          at least 90 percent by weight of the organic compounds in  the
          displaced vapors collected; and

     c.    To prevent overfilling of vehicular fuel tanks and spillage.

 (2) A control system meeting the specifications set forth in Subsection
     B and used  in compliance with Subsection C of this Section shall be
     judged to be in compliance with the requirements set forth in
     Subsection  A(l) of this Section.


                                       19

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B    A vapor-balance system shall have the following:

 (1) A vapor-tight return hose to conduct the vapors displaced from the
     vehicular fuel tank to the gasoline storage tank(s) at the dispens-
     ing facility;

 (2) A vapor-tight seal to prevent the escape of gasoline vapors into
     the atmosphere from the interface between the fill  nozzle and the
     filler neck of the vehicular fuel tank;

 (3) On and after September 1, 1984, or on and after the date a fill
     nozzle is removed from service for repair, replacement, or rebuild-
     ing, or on and after the date a new fill nozzle is  brought into
     service,  whichever date is earliest:

     a.   The fill nozzle shall have a built-in no-seal/no-flow feature
          designed to prevent the discharge of gasoline  from the nozzle
          unless the seal described in Paragraph B(2)  above is engaged;

     b.   The fill nozzle shall have a built-in feature  designed to
          shutoff the flow of gasoline automatically when the pressure
          in the vehicular fuel tank exceeds 10 inches of water gauge;
          and

     c.   The vapor return line shall  be equipped with a device that
          automatically shuts off the flow of gasoline through the fill
          nozzle when gasoline circulates back from the  fill nozzle
          through the vapor hose to the facility's gasoline storage
          tank;

 (4) On and after September 1, 1984, or on and after the date a new
     gasoline dispensing system is brought into service, whichever date
     is earlier:

     a.   The vapor-return hose shall  be no longer than  9 feet in length
          unless the hose is attached to a device designed to keep the
          hose out of the way of vehicles (when the nozzle is not in
          use) and to drain the hose of any collected or condensed
          gasoline; and

     b.   The gasoline-dispensing system shall be equipped with a device
          designed to prevent the dispensing of gasoline at any rate
          greater than 8 gallons per minute;

 (5) All tanks, pumps, hoses, and delivery lines of the  control system
     shall be in compliance with all existing regulations for the stor-
     age and transfer of gasoline to and from fuel storage tanks; and

 (6) Until December 1, 1983, the Air Pollution Control Officer is author-
     ized to grant any person a waiver from the deadlines contained in
     clauses (3) and (4) of this paragraph:  Provided, that the person
     granted such a waiver enters into a legally binding agreement with
     the Air Pollution Control Officer providing for:

                                       20

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     a.    Compliance no later than July 1,  1985,  with respect to all
          gasoline-dispensing facilities under his control;  and

     b.    A 'schedule for phasing in such compliance.

C    No person shall cause, suffer, or allow anyone to use a fill  nozzle
     that is part of the vapor-balance system unless the system is
     maintained in good repair and unless proper  operating practices,
     including but not limited to the following,  are adhered to:

 (1) Draining any collected or condensed gasoline from the vapor return
     hose as often as is necessary, but at least  once each operating
     day;

 (2) Waiting as long as is necessary, but at least 10 seconds after
     shutoff of the fuel, before disconnecting the nozzle from the fill
     neck to balance the pressure between the vehicular fuel tank and
     the facility's gasoline storage tank;  and

 (3) After each fuel delivery, placing the vapor  return hose where
     vehicles will not drive over it.

D    If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Air Pollution
     Control Officer that the vehicle fill  neck configuration, location,
     or other design feastures of a class of vehicles make it impracti-
     cal to comply with the provisions of Subsection A of this Section,
     the provisions of this Section shall not apply to such vehicles.
     In no case, however, shall such configuration exempt any gasoline-
     dispensing facility with a monthly throughput greater than 30,000
     gallons from installing and using in the most effective manner a
     system required by Subsection A of this Section.

E    No person shall cause, suffer, or allow the  transfer of gasoline to
     any vehicul-ar fuel tank from any stationary  storage tank unless the
     transfer is made through a fill nozzle designed to shutoff the
     transfer of gasoline automatically when the  vehicular fuel tank is
     ful1 or nearly ful1.

F    No person shall cause, suffer, or allow any  additional  transfer of
     gasoline to any vehicular fuel tank from a stationary storage tank
     after the dispensing system has automatically shutoff the transfer
     of gasoline because the vehicular fuel tank  is full or nearly full.

G    The operator of a gasoline-dispensing facility shall take such
     actions as may be necessary to insure that all parts of the system
     that the facility uses for compliance with this Subsection are
     maintained in good repair; and to ensure that any person (whether
     attendant, customer, or other) who uses the  facility does so in
     accordance with proper operating practices and otherwise in compli-
     ance with the requirements of this Subsection.  For purposes of
     this Subsection, "operator" means any person who leases, operates,
     manages, supervises, or controls, directly or indirectly, a gaso-
     line-dispensing facility.

                                       21
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H    This Regulation does not apply to gasoline dispensing stations with
     a monthly throughput of 30,000 gallons or less.



4.2  REGULATION IN OTHER AREAS

     Two areas of the country currently regulate VOC emissions from vehicle

refueling operations: the District of Columbia and the State of California.

These areas use vapor balance systems almost exclusively.3'5

     California has had vehicle refueling regulations since 1977.   Appendix A

presents a copy of California's law that requires the air quality management

districts to adopt rules and regulations.   The District of Columbia passed its

law in February 1981, and full compliance is required by February 1, 1983.

Appendix B presents a copy of the District of Columbia's vehicle refueling VOC

control requirements.  Appendix C presents certification procedures for gaso-

line recovery systems in California.



4.3  FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

     Safety from fire and explosion is a major consideration in the installa-

tion and operation of a vapor control system.

     Storage tanks must be vented vertically at least 12 feet above grade to

prevent accumulation of hydrocarbon vapors at ground level or in buildings.

Vapor-return lines are to be sloped toward storage tanks for proper drainage,

and all vapor lines must be pressure-tested after installation.   Flame arrest-

ors are required on all vents.

     For compliance with local and national safety and fire code requirements,

all vapor control systems must be approved by the appropriate authorities

(normally the city or state fire marshal 1) before they are used.



4.4  COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING TECHNIQUES

     Prior to their instal1lation, vapor control systems chosen by individual

gasoline service stations should be certified by the manufacturer to meet the

capture requirement.  Because two areas of the country already require vapor

controls, manufacturers may submit engineering and test data demonstrating

compliance to the Philadelphia AQCR air pollution control agencies for approv-

al.  The data should comply with test procedures similar to those presented in
                                       22

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Appendix C, California's Test Procedures for Determining the Efficiency of

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service Stations.   If certification testing

is required,' the procedures propose a 90-day reliability test period.

     These procedures also require the identification of specific maintenance

requirements and schedules to ensure continued operation in compliance with

applicable standards.  These maintenance requirements should appear in oper-

ating manuals that provide clear instruction to the system operator.   Critical

operating parameters that affect system operation, such as maximum dispensing

rates, liquid-to-vapor flow ratios, and operating pressures, should be moni-

tored with indicating gauges, alarms, and/or detection devices.   These moni-

toring devices will warn the system operator when the vapor control system is

malfunctioning.   During inspections or permit reviews, the air pollution

authority can verify that required maintenance is performed and that monitor-

ing devices register within the operating range for system parameters.

     This two-step compliance requirement (initial certification and operation

and maintenance guidelines) should ensure that a high percentage of vapor

control systems remain in compliance.
                                       23

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                                 REFERENCES
1.   Information obtained by EPA Region III from county and city offices of
    weights and measures.

2.   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency.   Compilation of Air Pollutant
    Emission Factors, Supplement No.  7.   AP-42, April 1977.   p. 4.4-11.

3.   Norton, R.  L.,  et.  al.   Pacific Environmental Services,  Hydrocarbon
    Control Strategies  for Gasoline Marketing Operations,  EPA-450/3-78017,
    April 1978.

4.   Personal communication from F.  R.  Perry, California Air Resources Board,
    Engineering Evaluation Branch,  to S.  Trenck, California Legislative
    Representative, October 11, 1979, (letter with data tabulations).

5.   Hilousby, R.   Phase II Vapor Recovery Evaluation Program.   South Coast
    Air Quality Management District.

6.   Neveril, R.  B.   Capital and Operating Costs of Selected Air Pollution
    Control Systems.   EPA-450/5-80002, December 1978.

7.   Wambsgans,  D.  E., et.  al.   Stage II Vapor Recovery Study - Phase I.
    Bureau of Air and Water Quality, District of Columbia.  October 20, 1982.

8.   Oil and Gas Journal, September 6, 1982.   This is specific for Philadel-
    phia.
                                      24

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               APPENDIX A


STATE OF CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY BILL NO.  127

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                     Assembly Bill No. 127
                        CHAPTER 902

  An act to amend Sections 41954,41956, and 419SS of, to add Sections
41956,1,41960.1.41960.2, and 41560.4 to, and to add and repeal Section
41960.3 of, the Health and Safety Code, relating to air pollution, and
declaring the urgency  thereof, to take effect immediately.

          [Approved by  Governor September 27, 1&S1. Filed v-ith
                 Secretary of State September 23, 1981.]

                 LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S  DIGEST
  AB 127, Kelley.  Air^PoUiitipn: ga5ojjnj.rvaoor__control.
  (1) Existing law requires the State Air Resources Board to adopt
standards, rules, and regulations to carry out the provisions of state
law relating to air pollution control. The state board is required to
adopt performance  standards for  gasoline .vapor  control systems
during gasoline  marketing operations and to certify  any gasoline
vapor control system meeting its performance standards. The State
Fire Marshal, the Division of Industrial Safety of the Department of
Industrial Relations,  and the Division of Measurement Standards of
the Department of Food and  Agriculture are also required to adopt
rules and regulations on various aspects of gasoline vapor control
systems and components and to certify wcmpli^nce with  their
respective rulrs and regulations.
  Subject to liie powers and dutiub of the  state board, air pollution
control distrit-is ;uid air quality management districts are required to
adopt and eniorce rules and regulations which assure that reasonable
provision is nude to achieve and maintain state ambient air quality
standards  for  the area under their jurisdiction and to enforce ail
applicable provisions of state law. A district may adopt  stricter
procedures and performance standards for gasoline vapor control
systems than those adopted by the state  board, except  that gasoline
vapor control  systems  installed and operating in compliance with
requirements of the  Bay Area Air Quality Management District  are
exempt from retrofitting requirements until September 26, 1981.
  Th« bill would do the following: '
  (a) Require the state board, within 90 days after the effective date
of the bill, to adopt additional performance standards, after public
bearings, to assure that the gasoline vapor control systems used in
motor vehicle fueling operations do not cause excessive spillage.
  (b) Require the Division of Measurement Standards, within  120
days  after the  effective date  of  the bill,  to adopt  additional
performance  standards,  and  standardized   certification   and
compliance  test procedures,  to prevent gasoline recirculation by
gasoline vapor  control  systems  used  in motor  vehicle  fueling
operations.
                                                         92  40

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Ox 902                     — 2 —

  (c) Exerr.pt  any  gasoline  vapor  control  systems  or  their
components from revised standards for a period of 4 years from the
effective date of the  revised  standards,  except for  a system or
component which creates a hazard to public health and welfare or
results in gasoline recirculation.
  (d) Require that certification testing of a system or component
with  respect to  gasoline  recircuJation  be  conducted  by  an
independent testing laboratory.
  (e) Establish procedures for marking a system or component out
of order ar.d prohibit use cf the component until it has been repaired,
replaced, or adjusted, ar.d it has beer, reir.npected cr authorized for
use pending reinspection.
  (f)  Require each  district which requires  installation of vapor
control  systems to  establish a toll free telephone  number for
complaints, to diligently investigate or refer the complaints, and to
send 8 copy of the complaint and jesponse to the state board.
  (g) Require the state board,  on or before January 1, 1983, to file
a report with the Legislature  concerning complaints  and actions
taken.
  (h) Require the operator of each service station using gasoline
vapor'control system.?  in motor vehicle fueling operations to post
operating instructions for the system in the gasoline dispensing area.
  (i)  Exempt, until the time that more than one system is certified
by the state board and the Division of Measurement Standards, vapor
control  systems established  and  operating  in compliance  with
requirements of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District from
stricter district rc.-qul;nrit;ats for retrofitting the systems with new or
additional  equipment  for   achieving  greater  vapor  recovery
efficiency.
  (2) Article Xli ( B of the California Constitution and Sections 2231
and 2234 of the Revenue and Taxation Code require  the state to
reimburse  local agencies and school districts for  certain  costs
mandated by the state. Other provisions require the Department of
Finance to review statutes disclaiming these costs and provide, in
certain cases, for making claims to the State  Board of Control for
reimbursement.
 • This bill would provide that no appropriation is made by this act
for  the  purpose  of  making  reimbursement  pursuant  to  the
constitutional mandate or Section 2231 or 2234, but would recognize
that local agencies and  school districts  may pursue  their other
available remedies to seek reimbursement for these costs.
  (3) This bill, in compliance with Section 2231-5 of the Revenue
and Taxation Code,  would also repeal, as of January 1, 1987, the
provisions contained in the bill for which state reimbursement is
required.
  (4) The bill would take effect immediately as  an urgency statute.

The people of the State ofCdifofni* do enact ar
                                                         92 70

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                            — 3—                     Ch. S02

  SECTION  1.  Section 41954  of the  H-alth acd Safety Code  is
amended to read:
  41954.   (a)  The  state board shall,  by  March  1,  1976,  adopt
procedures for determining the compliance of any system designed
for the control of gasoline vapor emissions during gasoline'marketing
operations,  including  storage   and  transfer  operations,  with
performance  standards  which  are  reasonable and necessary to
achieve or maintain any applicable ambient air quality standard.
   (b) Within  90 days after the effective date of this subdivision, the
state board shall, after pubhc hearing, adopt additional performance
standards which are reasonable and necessary to assure that systems
for the control  of  gasoline  vapors resulting from motor vehicle
fueling operations do not cause excessive  gasoline liquid spillage
when used in a proper manner. To the maximum extent practicable,
the additional performance  standards shall allow flexibility in the
design of gasoline vapor recovery systems and their components.
   (C) The state board shall certify any gasoline vapor control system,
upon its determination that the system, if properly installed and
maintained, will meet the requirements of subdivision (a). The state
board  shall  enumerate  the specifications  used for issuing  such
certification. After  a  system has been certified, if circumstances
beyond control of the state board cause the system to no longer meet
the required  specifications,  the certification may be revoked or
modified.
   (d) The state board  may test, or contract  for testing, gasoline
vapor control  systems in order to certify  them,
   (e) The state board shall charge a reasonable fee for certification,
not to exceed  its estimated costs therefor. Payment of the fee shall
be a condition of certification.
   (f)  No person shall install  a gasoline vapor control system unless
it has been certified by the state board
   (g) To the  extent  authorized by other  provisions of law,  any
district may adopt, stricter procedures  and  performance standards
than those adopted by the state board pursuant to  subdivision  (a).
   (h) With  respect to those vapor recovery systems subject to
certification by the state board, there shall be no criminal or civil
proceedings commenced or  maintained for failure to comply with
any statute, rule, or regulation requiring a specified vapor recovery
efficiency if the vapor control equipment which has been installed
to comply with applicable vapor recovery requirements has been:
   (1) Certified by the state board at an efficiency equal to or greater
than the efficiency required  by applicable  statutes, rules, and
regulations;  and
   (2) Installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the
instructions of the equipment manufacturer.
   (i) Nohvuhxtandiag .rjbcivision (g), until  the time that more than
on« system,  including at least one balance-type system, is certified
under  the standards adopted  by  the state  board pursuant  to
                                                        92 100

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Gh. 902                     — 4 —

subdivision  (c)  and by  the  Division  of  Measurement Standards
pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 41955, gasoline vapor control
systems which have been installed and arc operating in compliance
with the requirements of the Bay Area Air Pollution Control District
shall be exempt from any requirements for retrofitting such systems
with new or additional equipment  for the purpose  of achieving
greater vapor recovery efficiency. All necessary- replacement parts
shall be those certified by the state board. In all other areas of the
sLslc,  the  :tc.te be'.-'!  n'}' implement  it; regulations  adopted
pursuant to subdivision  (a).
  0)  On or after July 1, 1980, but not later than January .1,  1931. the
state board  shall report to the Legislature on the  actual in-use
efficiency and  durability  of all gasoline  vapor recover/  systems
certified pursuant to subdivision  (a). If the air quality benefits  of
systems certified by the state board for a vapor recovery efficiency
of 95 percent or greater are not as great as the  technical reports  of
the state board currently indicate, the state  board shall reconsider,
at a formal public  hearing, its regulations  relative to installation  of
such systems.
  SEC. 2,  Section 41956 of the Health and Safety Code is amended
to read-
  41956.  (a) As soon as  possible after the effective  date of this
section, the State  Fire Marshal and  the Division of Measurement
Standards, after consulting with the state board, shajl adopt rules and
regulations for the certification of gasoline vapor control systems and
ccmpcr.cr.ts thereof
  (b) The State Fire Marshal shall bo the only agency responsible
for  determining wb i.her  any component or system creates a fire
hazard. The division shall be the only agency  responsible for the
measurement accuracy aspects, including  gasoline recirculation  of
any component  or system.
  (c) Within 120 days after the effective date of this subdivision, the
Division of Measurement Standards, shall, after public hearing, adopt
rules and regulations containing additional performance standards
and standardized  certification  and  compliance  test procedures
which are reasonable and necessary to prevent gasoline recirculation
in systems for the  control of gasoline vapors resulting from motor
vehicle fueling operations,
  SEC 3.  Section 41956.1 is added to the Health and Safety Code,
to read;
  41956.1.  (a)  Whenever  the  state  board,  the  Division   of
Measurement Standards of the Department of Food and Agriculture,
or  the  State Fire  Marshal revises  performance  or  certification
standards, any  systems  or components  thereof  certified under
procedures in effect prior to the adoption of revised standards and
installed prior to th
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                           — 5—                    Ch. &02

all necessary repair or replacement parts or components shall be
certified and  may  meet  the most  recent  certification  and
performance standards once compatible repair or replacement parts
become commercially available.
  (b) Notwithstanding subdivision  (a), whenever the State Fire
Marshal determines a system or component thereof creates a hazard
to public health and welfare, he may prevent use of the particular
system or component.
  (c) Notwithstanding   subdivision   (a),   the   Division   of
Measurement  Standards  may prohibit the  use of any system or
component thereof if it determines on the basis of test procedures
adopted pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 41955, that use of the
system or component  will result in gasoline  recirculation.
  SEC 4. Section 41958 of the Health and Safety Code is amended
to read:
  41S5S. To  the  maximum extent  practicable,  the  rules  and
regulations adopted pursuant to Sections 41956 and'41957 shall allow
flexibility in the design of gasoline vapor control systems and their
components.  The  rules  and  regulations   shall   set  forth  the
performance standards as to safety and measurement accuracy and
the minimum procedures to be followed in testing the system or
component for compliance with the performance standards.
  The State  Fire Marshal, the Division of Industrial Safety, and the
Division of  Measurement Standards  shall  certify  any system or
component which complies with their adopted rules and regulations.
Any one of the state agencies may certify a system or component on
the basis of results of tests performed by any entity retained by the
manufacturer of the system  or component or by the state agency.
The requirements for the certification of a system or component
siall not require that it be tested, approved,  or listed by any private
entity, except that certification testing regarding recirculation of
gasoline shall include testing by an independent tcitir.^ laboratory.
  SEC.  5. Section 41960.1 is added to the Health and SJety Code,
to read:
  •411/60.1.  (a) All vapor control systems for the control of gasoline
vapors  resulting from motor vehicle fueling operations  shall be
operated in accordance with the applicable standards established by
the Slate Fire Marshal or the Division of Measurement Standards
pursuant to Sections 41956 to 41958, inclusive.
  (b) When a sealer or any authorized employee of the Division of
Measurement Standards determines, on the basis of applicable test
procedures of the division,  adopted after public hearing, that an
individual system or component for the control of gasoline  vapors
resulting from motor vehicle fueling operations does not meet the
applicable standards established by the Division of Measurement
Standards, he or she shall take  the appropriate action specified in
Section 12506 of the Business and Professions Code.
  '(c) When a  deputy  State  Fire  Marshal  or  any  authorized
                                                        92  150

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 Ch. 902                    — 6 —

 employee of a fire district or local or regional firefighring agency
 determines that a comjKinent of a system for the control of gasoline
 vapors resulting from motor vehicle  fueling  operations  does not
 meet the applicable standards established by the State Fa'e Marshal,
 he or she shall mark the component "out of order." No person shall
 use or permit the use of the component until the component has
 been repaired, replaced, or adjusted,  as necessary, ar.d cither the
 component has been inspected by a representative  of the agency
 employing the  per.;on cr.^ir.dly marking  the component,  or the
 person using or permitting use of the component has been expressly
 authorized by   the  agency  to  use  the component  pending
 reinspection.
   SEC 6.  Section 41960.2 is added to the Health and Safety Code,
 to read:
   41960.2.  (a)  All installed systems  for the  control of gasoline
 vapors resulting from motor vehicle fueling operations  shall be
 maintained  in  good  working order- in  accordance with  the
 manufacturer's specifications of the system certified  pursuant to
 Section 41954.
   (b)  The state board shall identify equipment defects in systems
 for  the  control of gasoline.-vapors  resulting  from motor vehicle
 fueling operations which substantially impair the effectiveness of the
 systems in reducing air contaminants.
   (c) When a district determines that a  component contains a
 defect specified pursuant to subdivision (b), the district shall mark
 the component "Oui of Order". No person shall  use or permit the use
 of the component ui.til the component has been repaired, replaced,
 or adjusted, as ne> i/iiary,  and the  district  has  reinspccted  the
 component or  has  authorized use of the component  pending
 reinspection.
   (d)  Where a district determines that a component is not in good
 working order but does not contain a  defect specified pursuant to
 subdivision (b), the district shall provide the operator with a notice
 specifying the basis on which the component is not  in good working
 order. If, within seven days, the operator provides  the district with
 adequate evidence that the component is in good working order, the
 operator shall not be subject to liability under  this division,
  SEC 7.  Section 41960.3 is added to the Health and Safety Code,
 to read:
  41960JJ.  (a) Each district  which  requires  the installation of
 systems for the control  of  gasoline vapors resulting from  motor
 vehicle fueling  operations  shall establish  a  toll  free telephone
 number  for use by the public in reporting problems experienced
 with the systems. Districts within an air basin or adjacent air basin
may enter  into  a cooperative   program  to  implement  this
requirement All complaints received by a district shall be recorded
oa a standardized form whirh shall be established by the state board,
in consultation with districts, the State Fire Marshal, and the  Division
                                                        22 170

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                            _7 —                     CL £02

 of Measurement Standards.
  The operating instructions required by Section 41960.4 shall be
 posted at all service stations at which systems for  the control of
 gasoline vapors resulting from motor vehicle fueling operations are
 installed and  shall include  a prominent  display of the toll free
 telephone number for complaints in the district in which the station
 is located,
  (b) Upon receipt of each complaint, the district shall diligently
 cither investigate  the  complaint  or  refer  the complaint for
 investigation by  the  state  or  local agency  which  properly his
jurisdiction over the primary subject of the complaint. When the
 investigation has been completed, the investigating agency shall take
 such  remedial action  as  is  appropriate  and  shall  advise  the
 complainant of the findings and disposition of the investigation. A
 copy  of  the  complaint and response to  the complaint shall  be
 forwarded to the state  board.
  (c) On or before January 1,19&3, the state board shall file a report
 with  the Legislature which shall be  referred to the appropriate
 committees, as determined by the Speaker of the Assembly or the
 President Pro Tempore of the Senate. The report shall contain the
 number and  type  of complaints, actions taken in response to the
 complaints, and a  description of the processing of the complaints.
The report shall also contain recommendations of the state board,
 based on its review of the complaints and their dispositions, of any
 additional actions uhich could be taken by the Legislature, or a state
 or local agency having jurisdiction over aspects  of gasoline vapor
 recovery to eliminate problems identified by complainants.
  This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 1987, and
 as of such date is repealed, unless a later enacted statute, which is
chaptered befoi^ Janur.r-' 1,  1987, deletes or extends such date.
  SEC. 8.  Section 41^60.4 b added to the Health and Safety Code,
 to read:
  4196U.4.  The operator of each service station utilizing a system for
 the control of gasoline vapors resulting from motor vehicle fueling
operations shall conspicuously post  operating instructions for  the
system in the gasoline dispensing area. The instructions shall clearly
describe how to fuel vehicles correctly with vapor recovery nozzles
utilized at the station and shall include a warning  that repeated
attempts to continue dispensing, after the system having indicated
that the vehicle fuel tank is full, may result in spillage or recirculation
of gasoline.
  SEC 9.  Notwithstanding  Section  6  of Article XIII B of  the
California Constitution and Section 2231 or 2234 of the Revenue and
Taxation Code, no appropriation is made by this act for the purpose
of  making  reimbursement  pursuant to  these sections.  It  is
recognized, however,  that a local agency or school district  may
pursue any remedies to obtain reimbursement available to it under
Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 2201) of Part 4 of Division 1
                                                           200

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Ch. 902                      _8 —

of that code.
  'SEC 10.  This act  u an  urgency statute  necessary  fr>r  the
immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety within
the meaning  of  Article IV of the Constitution and  shall  go into
immediate effect. The facts constituting the necessity are:
  In order  to make needed  changes in gisolir.e vapor recovery
system  regulations,  it  is  necessary  that  this  act  take eflect
immediately.
                                                          sa 200

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              APPENDIX B


 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - REGULATION FOR
THE CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE LOSSES FROM
  THE FILLING OF VEHICULAR FUEL TANKS

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                 Control ,o -Eva por at jve Losses
rj..l\i,"Q of _ Vehicular _"ueX. Tanfrs^
           u (1)  (A)  Uo person shall cause,  suffer,  or  allow
tho transfer of qasoline to any vehicular  fuel  tanfc froa any
station'ary storage container unless the  transfer  is nade
through a fill nozzle designed, operated and  cuain tained to:
                 "(i)   Prevent the discharge  of gasoline
vapors to the ataosphere iroa either the vehicle  filler neci
or the fill  nozzle.
                 w (ii)  Direct the displaced  vapor  froa the
vehicular fuel tan.< to a systea wherein  at  least  90 percent
by^veight of tho organic coapounus in the  displaced vapors
are' recovered or destroyed.
                 M (iii)  Prsveat vehicular  fuel tank
overfills and spillage.
           "(5)   X vapor-balance system  meeting the
specifications set rorth ia subsection  (d) (2)  and used in
coapliaaca with subsection  (d) (3)  of this  section shall be
dseaed to be in compliance  with the reouireaents  set forth
in subsection (d)  (1) (A)  of  this section.
           » (2)   A \auor balance systen  shall have  the
following:
                 "(A)   A vapor-tight vapor  return hose to
conduct the  vapors displaced froa t&e vehicular fuel taut' to
the gasolLae dispensing facility's gasoline  storage tani:(s).
                 *(B)  'A vapor-tight seal  to  prevent the
escape of gasoline vapors into the atmosphere froa  the
interface bitweea  the fill  nozzle and the  filler  neck  of the
vehicular fuel tank.
                 "(C)   Oa and after Cctob«r  1,  1982,  or on
aad aftftr the date a fill nozzle is reaovad  froa  service for
     r and/or replacuaeat acd/oc rebuilding,  or on  aud after

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 Kitrict of Columbia Register                         JAN. j 5 1931
the date a new fill nozzle is brought into service,
whichever date is earlier:
                       " (i)  th
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TJistricl of Cciunibia Registe
balanoa the pressure between  the  vehicular fuel tanx. and the
facility's gasoline storage tan):,
                 "(C)  After  each  fuel delivery, placing the
vapor'return hoce on a.r,  area  where vehicles will not ride
orer the vapor return hose.
           " (U)  If'it is  deaoastrated to the satisfaction
of the E-ayor,  that-it is ispractical to coaply with the
provisions of subsection (d) (1)  of this section, as a result
of the vehicle fill neck configuration., location, cr ether
design features of  a class' of vehicles, tha provisions of
this section saj.il  not apply  to  such vehicles.  However,' in
no casa saail s-c»;  c^uii^-i^ii;ion  tivispt. «ia y gasoline
dispensing facility froa installing and using in the cose
effective Banner, a systcs  regairfed by subsection  (dj {*)  of
this section.
                 H(5)  yo  person  shall cause, suffer, or
allow the transfer  of gasoline to  any vehicular fuel utai.
froa aay stationary storage  ta^h,,  unless the transfer is
aade thorough a fill nozzle  designed to autoaatica lly shut-1
ofi the transfer of gasoline  when  the vehicular fuel tanic is
full or nearly full.
                 "(6)  No  person  shall cause, suffer, or
allow any addition*! transfer of  gasoline to any vehicular
fuel tank froa a stationary  storage tan/, after the
dispensing sy.stcn nas au tosat ically shut-off the transfer of
gasoline ijy virtue  cf r;ie  vehicular fuel tanX. being full oc
nearly full.
           u (?)  7h-: op«i rater of  a gasoline -isp-ansing
facility shall v ;i.o such actions  as say ie necessary to
insure that all  --arts of the  systes used at the facility for
co»pliance with  ".his suLStctiofi  (u)  ."ire aaintained in good
repair, aad to insure that  ar.y person, whether attendant,
cu-sxoaer, or oth^-r, who  uses  the  facility, docs so in
accordance with  proper op*r*ting  practices and otherwise in
coopliaace with  the require ce DCS  of this subsection  (d).
For purposes of  this subsection  (d), "operator" aeans any
j-ftrson vho leases,  operates,  aanages, supervises, or
coatrols, ^ir-ctly  or indirectly,  d casolint dispensing
facility.«;

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                APPENDIX C


 STATE OF CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD -
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR GASOLINE VAPOR
     RECOVERY SYSTEMS AT SERVICE STATIONS

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METHOD
2-1

2-2

2-3
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2-5









         'TABLE OF CONTENTS
                   TITLE

Test Procedures for Determining the Efficiency of
Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service Stations
Adopted December 9, 1975, Amended March 30, 1976,
Amended August 9, 1978, Amended December 4, 1981.
Certification Procedures for Gasoline Vapor Recovery
Systems at Service Stations Adopted March 30, 1976,
Amended August 25, 1977, Amended August 9, 1978,
Amended December 4, 1981.
Certification and Test Procedures for Vapor Recovery
Systems at Gasoline Bulk Plants Adopted April  18,  1977,
Amended August 9, 1978.
Certification and Test Procedures  for Vapor Recovery
Systems at Gasoline Terminals Adopted April  18,  1977.
Certification and Test Procedures  for  Vapor Recovery
Systems of Gasoline Delivery Tanks Adopted  April  18,  1977,

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                                              State of California
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                                 Vapor  Recovery  Systems at  Service Stations
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 I                                       Adopted:  March 30, 1976
 •                                       Amended:  August 25,  1977
                                          Amended:  December 4,  1981
 ™                      Note:  To assist the user, the most  recent amendments
                               to these procedures are set forth in italics.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
I General Applicability 	 1
II. Definitions 	 2

III. General Standards 	 3
IV. Performance Standards 	 3
V. General Requirements Applicable to
Certification of all Control Systems 	 7
VI Application of Certification 	 11
VII. Fees and Testing 	 13
VIII. Certification 	 14

/










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                                           State of California
 I                                        AIR RESOURCES BOARD

 I                               Certification Procedures  for  Gasoline
                               Vapor Recovery Systems  at Service  Stations

                I.   General  Applicability
 I                 These certification procedures  are adopted  pursuant  to  Section  41954
                    of the Health and Safety Code  and  are applicable  to  vapor  recovery
 I                 systems  installed at gasoline  service stations  for controlling  gaso-
 •            «»    line vapors emitted during the  filling  of storage tanks (Phase  I)
 ™                 and vehicle fuel  tanks  (Phase  II).   Vapor recovery systems are  complete
 •                 systems  and shall include all necessary piping, nozzles, couplers,
                    processing units, underground tanks  and any other equipment necessary
 I                  for the  control  of gasoline vapors during fueling operations at
                               /
 _                  service  stations.

                    The certification procedures are not intended to be  used to certify
 |                  individual  system components.   For systems which are identical in
 «                  design and  include the  same components as systems tested and certified,
                    but differ,  primarily in  size,  the manufacturer may  demonstrate com-
 I                  pliance  capability and  obtain certification by submitting engineering
                    and test data  demonstrating the relationship between capacity and
 •                  throughput  of  each component whose performance is a function of
                    throughput.


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                  II.   Definitions
     |                A.   Vapor-balance  or  displacement vapor recovery  system - A
     _                    gasoline vapor control system which uses direct displacement
     •                    to  force vapors into the underground tank (or bulk delivery
     •                    tank)  to prevent  the emission of displaced vapors to the
                           atmosphere during Phase I and/or Phase II operations.

    *                 B.   Vacuum-assisted or vacuum-assisted secondary system - A
                           •gasoline vapor control system, which employs a pump, blower,
                 %i
                           or  other vacuum inducing devices, to collect and/or process
    I                      vapors generated during vehicle fueling (Phase II) operations,

    I                 C.   Phase I - Control  of vapors from underground tank fueling
                           operations.
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                      D.   Phase II - Control of vapors from vehicle fueling operations.
                      E.  Automatic Nozzle -
  I                      betRg-NdRd-heJdr  A hose nozzle valve provided with automatic
                          closing features to safeguard its use.

                      F.  On-Stream Efficiency Factor - That factor which indicates the
  I                       fraction of time that the vapor recovery system is operating
                          as the system was designed to operate.
 ™                             On-Stream Efficiency Factor =  s  -  d

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                                   Where  s -  System Time,  Hours
 •                                       *d  =  System Downtime,  Hours

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G. System Time - Hours that the system needs to be capable of
controlling vapor emissions. For the 90-day reliability
test period, this would be 2160 hours (24 hours per day x
90 days).

H. System Down-Time - The time (in hours) that the vapor recovery
system is not operating as designed.
I. Spitback - A loss of more than one milliliter of liquid gasoline

occurring during the dispensing of gasoline into the vehicle
fuel tank.
J. Spillage - A loss of more than one milliliter of liquid gasoline
from the gasoline nozzle occurring as a result of preparing to
fuel a vehicle or at the end of a fueling operation in returning
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the nozzle to the dispenser.
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III. General Standards

A. Certification of a system by the California Air Resources Board
does not exempt the system from compliance with other applicable
codes and regulations such as fire, weights and measures, and
safety codes.
B. Phase II systems must be capable of fueling, without the use of
nozzle spout extenders, any motor vehicle that may be fueled at
service stations not equipped with vapor recovery systems.




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                IV.   Performance Standards
   I                A.   The  system  shall complete  an  operational  test  of  at  least
                         90 days.  During the  test,  replacement of components or
   J                    alteration  of  the control  system  is not allowed,  except  that
                         the  Executive  Officer may  allow replacement or alteration of
   •                     a  component if the component  has  been damaged due  to an
   •                     accident or vandalism and  if  he/she determines that  the
                         replacement or alteration would not affect the operational
   I            v,         test results.   No maintenance or  adjustment to the system
                         will be allowed during the certification test unless such
  •                     action  is specifically called for in the system's maintenance
  •                     manual.  The control system will  be sealed in such a manner
                         that unauthorized maintenance or adjustment may be detected.
  I                     Maintenance  or  adjustment is to be performed only after
                         notification of the person in charge of the testing, except
  |                      in case of  an  emergency.   Unauthorized maintenance or adjust-
  «                     merit may be  reason for immediate failure of the test.

                         A system component submitted to the Executive Officer for
 •                      evaluation  subsequent to July 1, 1977,  may be subjected to
 •j                      a shorter operational  test, if the Executive Officer determines
                         that the reliability of the component may be adequately
 I                     demonstrated in a period  shorter than 90 days.

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                     B.  The system shall  prevent emission to the atmosphere of at
  |                     least 90 percent  or that percentage by weight of the gasoline
  •                     vapors displaced  during the filling of the stationary storage
                         tank as required  by applicable air pollution control district
  •                     rules and regulations.   The percentages of control  shall  be
                         determined as described in Section 2.0 of the "Test Procedures
  |                     for Determining the Efficiency of Gasoline Vapor Recovery
  M                     Systems at Service Stations"  as incorporated in  Title 17,
                         subehapteF-8, Section 94000,  California Administrative Code.
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                     C.   The  system  shall  prevent  emission to the atmosphere of an
                         average  of  at  least  90 percent or that percentage by weight
                         of the gasoline vapors displaced during the filling of the
 •                      vehicle  fuel tanks as required by applicable air pollution
                         control  district  rules and regulations.  The specified
 I                      percentage  of  control shall be determined by multiplying
 m                      the  on-stream  efficiency  factor (definition F, Section II)
                         by the efficiency of the  system as determined by testing
 I                      in accordance  with the procedures in Section 3.0 of the "Test
                         Procedures  for Determining the Efficiency of Gasoline Vapor
 |                       Recovery Systems at Service Stations" as incorporated in
                         Title 17, Ghaptep-l-;-5«behaptef-8, Section 94000 of the
 •                       California Administrative Code.

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                   D.   No more than ten spitbacks or twenty instances of spillage

                       per. 100 vehicle fuelinge shall occur during the testing in

                       accordance  with the  procedures in Section 3.0 of the "Teat

  •                   Procedures  for Determining the Efficiency of Gasoline Vapor

                       Recovery Systems at  Service Stations" as incorporated in

  •                   Title  17, Section 04000 of the California Administrative

  ice  with

  •                    Section  3 of  the  Test Procedures referred to  above,,  failure

                      mode testing, evaluation of reliability  arid durability  of

 •                    the system,  and  such other performance  testina as  the

                      Executive Officer deems necessary.


              E. -9r  Prior to Air Resources  Board certification of the  vapor

 •                    recovery system, plans and specifications  for the  intended
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                          generic  system shall  be  submitted  to  the State  Fire  Marshal's
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                          Office for review  to  determine whether  the  system  creates  a
  m                      hazardous  condition or is  contrary  to adopted fire safety
                          regulations.   Final determination by  the State  Fire  Marshal
  •                      may be contingent  upon a  review  of  each  pilot installation
                          of  the proposed  system.  Compliance with the State Fire
  •                      Marshal's  requirements shall be  a precondition  to  certifi-
  m                       cation by  the  Air  Resources Board.
                '*  F.-ET   Prior to Air Resources Board certification, the system shall
  •                       be  submitted for type approval to the California Department
  •                       of  Food and Agriculture, Division of Measurement Standards
                          and  certified  by such Division.  Only those systems meeting
  •                       the  requirements of the California Business and Professions
                          Code and the California Administrative Code will be  issued
 •                       certificates of approval  by the Division of Measurement
 •                       Standards; such certification shall be a precondition to
                          certification  by the Air Resources Board.  Certification
 I                       testing by Measurement Standards and the Air Resources Board
                         may be conducted concurrently.
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                  G.-FT  Prior to certification of the system,  the manufacturer of
 •                      the system shall submit the system to  the California
                         Occupational  Safety and Health  Administration  (Cal  OSHA)
                         for determining compliance with appropriate  safety  regulations.

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        This may be conducted concurrently with certification testing

        by. the Air Resources  Board.   Compliance with Cal  OSHA require-

        ments shall  be a  precondition to certification  by the Air

        Resources Board.
V.  General  Requirements  Applicable  to  Certification  of  all  Control  Systems

    A.   An operating  and  required  maintenance manual  shall be  submitted

        to the Executive  Officer for each  gasoline  vapor control  system

        submitted  for certification.  The  operating manual shall,  as  a

        minimum, contain:

        1.   Identification  of critical  operating parameters  affecting

            system  operation, e.g.,  maximum dispensing rates;  liquid

            to vapor  flow rate ratios;  pressures; etc.   The  operating

            range  of  these  parameters associated with normal,  in-

            compliance operation of  the control system shall be

            identified.  These operating data shall be determined

            and/or  verified during the performance  test  of the system.


        2.   Identification  of specific maintenance  requirements

            and maintenance schedules necessary to  ensure on-going

            operation in compliance with the applicable  standards.

            Maintenance requirements shall be clearly identified

            as being capable of performance by the operator, or

            as requiring authorized service only.   Operating

           manuals shall  provide clear instruction on operator

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  •                         maintenance and shall provide clear warnings against
                                                                               /
                             •unauthorized service.  Maintenance schedules shall, at
                                                                             I
                             a minimum, reflect the life of individual components
  •                         such as regulators, compressors, nozzles, pressure
  "                                                                           \
                             vacuum valves, catalysts, combustor components, etc.
  •                         Systems requiring maintenance which the Executive
  •                         Officer finds unreasonable will be disapproved.

  ^                     3.  Identification of system components for each control  system
  •            4,            certified.  Components shall, as applicable, be identified
  I                         by brand name, part number, and/or performance characteris-
                             tics.  The identification shall be sufficiently clear so as
  I                          to allow determination of comparability between tested and
  _                          untested models, and/or to allow determination of  the
  ™                          adequacy of replacement parts.

  I                      4.  A warranty statement which complies with the requirements of
 •                          Paragraph V.  C.  herein.

                     B.  Indicating gauges, or alarms, or detection devices, or combination
 •                       thereof, shall be included in each control system as required to
 •                       enable monitoring of the critical  system operation parameters.
                         The gauges and alarms  shall  serve  to alert and warn the gasoline
 •                       service station owner  or operator with an  audible signal  or
                         warning light when the gasoline vapor control  system is mal-
 |                       functioning.   Such gauges  and alarms  shall,  as applicable,

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                                                 10
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—                     Include temperature and pressure indicators, pass/fail hydro-
™                     carbon detectors, etc.  These shall indicate the performance
•                     Of critical components such as compressors, carbon canisters,
                       etc.  Specific examples of necessary devices are:  temperature
•                     indicators installed in control  systems which utilize refrigera-
                       tion as a control technique;  pressure indicators installed in
•                     control systems which utilize compression as a  control technique;
•                     hydrocarbon breakthrough detectors  installed in control  systems
                      which utilize carbon adsorption  or  flexible bladders  or  seals as
             I"
                      a control  technique, and pressure differential  indicators  on
                      vapor return lines to detect  liquid blockage of the lines.
                  C.  The manufacturer of the vapor recovery  system shall  provide  a
•                    three-year warranty for the system.   An exception to  the
                            *
                      warranty  may be for those  components  of the system  which  the
•                    maintenance manual identifies as  having expected useful  lives
•                    of less than three years;  the warranty  in these cases  may
                      specify the expected life.
*                    The manufacturer of  each vapor recovery system  shall warrant
•                    in writing to the ultimate  purchaser  and  each subsequent
                      purchaser  that such  vapor  recovery  system is:
I                    1.  Designed,  built,  and equipped so  as to  conform  at  the
                          time  of sale with  the  applicable  regulations; and
•                    2.  Free  from  defects  in materials  and  workmanship which
•                        cause  such vapor  recovery system  to fail  to conform
                          with applicable  regulations for  three years.
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                                11
D.  The adequacy of methods of distribution, replacement parts

    program, the financial responsibility of the applicant, and

    other factors affecting the economic interests of the system

    purchaser shall be evaluated by the Executive Officer and

    determined by him or her to be satisfactory to protect the

    purchaser.  A determination of financial responsibility by

    the Executive Officer shall not be deemed to be a guarantee

    or endorsement of the applicant.



E.  The Executive Officer shall certify only those systems which,

    on the basis of an engineering evaluation of the system design

    and component quality, can be expected to perform with reasonable

    durability and reliability over the three-year warranty period

    specified in Paragraph V.C. herein.
          1

F.  Whenever these Certification Procedures are amended to include

    additional performance standards or other requirements for

    certification of systems,  any system which is certified as

    of the effective date of the additional standards or require-

    ments shall remain certified for a period of six months from

    such date,  or until the  Executive  Officer has determined

    whether the system conforms to the additional standards or

    requirements,  whichever  occurs first.   However,  if during

    this period the  system manufacturer does not comply  with

    such conditions  ae the Executive Officer deems necessary to

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    ™                 assure prompt evaluation of the system pursuant to the
    •                 additional standards or requirements, the Executive Officer
                       may revoke the prior certification.
                       In determining whether a previously  certified system
   •                  conforms with any additional performance standards or
                       other requirements adopted subsequent to certification
   gj                  of the system,  the Executive Officer may consider any
   _                  appropriate data obtained in the previous certification
   ™         v*        testing or evaluation of the system  in lieu of new
   I                   testing or evaluation.
  I
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VI.   Application for Certification
     A.   An application for certification  of  a  vapor recovery  system
               t
         (Phase I  or Phase  II)  may  be made to the  Air Resources  Board
         by any manufacturer.   Certification  will  be granted to  any
                       applicant meeting  the  applicable  standards  and  criteria.
  •                B.   The application  shall  be  in writing,  signed by  an  authorized
  I                    representative of  the  manufacturer, and  shall include  the
                       following:
 I                    1.  A detailed description of  the configuration  of  the vapor
                          recovery  system  including  but not limited to the following:
 •                       a.  The underground piping configuration and specifications
 •                           (pipe sizes, lengths,  fittings,  material(s), etc.);
                          b.  Gasoline dispensing nozzle to be used for Phase  II;
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                            c.  Engineering parameters for pimps and vapor processing
 I                             units to be used as part of the vapor recovery
 _                             system; and
 • .                        d.  Allowable pressure drops through the system.

 I -                    2.  Evidence demonstrafing the vapor recovery reliability of
 •                         the system or device for 90 days;
                        3.  A description of tests performed to ascertain compliance
 •                         with the general standards, and the results of such tests;
               v«
 I                     4.  A statement of recommended maintenance procedures, equipment
 _                         performance checkout procedures, and equipment necessary to
                            assure that the vapor recovery system, in operation, conforms
 I                         to the regulations, plus a description of the program for
                            training personnel  for such maintenance, and the proposed
 •                          replacement parts program;
 •                      5.  Six copies of the service and operating manuals that will be
                            supplied to the purchaser;
 I
                        6.  A statement that a  vapor recovery system, installed at an
 •                          operating facility, will  be available for certification
                            testing no later than one month after submission  of the
 I  '                        application for certification.   The facility submitted for
 •                          certification testing shall  have  a  minimum  throughput of
                            100,000 gallons  per month and shall  include  at least six
•                          nozzles of each  type submitted  for  approval.   There shall

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8.  A copy of the warranty or warranties provided with the
    system;
   I

   •                      not be more than two types of nozzles at any one test
   •                     • facility.

   M                  7.  The retail price of the system and an estimate of the
                           installation and yearly maintenance" costs;
   I

   I
                       9.  If the application is for a system previously tested, but
   •          v>            not certified, the application shall  include identification
  •                       of the system components which have been changed; including
                           all new physical  and operational  characteristics; together
  I                        with any new test results obtained by the applicant; and

  •                   10.  Sueh other information  as the Executive Officer may
                           reasonably require.
  I
  _          VII.  Fees and Testing
  •                A.  A fee not to exceed the  actual  cost of certification will be
  •                    charged by the Air Resources Board to each applicant submitting
                       system(s)  for certification.  The applicant is required to
 I                    demonstrate ability to pay  the  cost of testing prior to certi-
                       fication testing.   This  may take  the  form of posting a  bond of
 •                    not less than $20,000.   A resolution  of certification of the
 •                    system will  not be issued until  the test  fee has been paid in
                       full to the Air Resources Board.
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                   B.   Testing may be  conducted  by  an  independent  contractor  under
  I  ^                 contract to the Air  Resources Board.   The contractor will  be
                       responsible solely to the Air Resources  Board  for  the  conduct
  •                   of the certification  test and the  test results.

  I
            VIII.   Certification
  I               A.   If the Executive  Officer  determines  that a  vapor recovery  system
                       conforms to all  requirements set forth in paragraphs I through VII
  •           t        herein,  he  or she shall issue an order of certification.   The
  •                    order  may prescribe  the conditions for issuance of  the certifica-
                       tion including  but not limited  to:  .a  minimum  allowable on-stream
  •                    factor,  maximum allowable monthly  throughput,  installation
                       constraints, operating parameters, compliance with  safety  codes
 •                    and regulations,  compliance with measurement standards regulations,
 •                    and approval for  use  at self-service stations  or at only attendant-
                       serve  stations.
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                  B.  If after certification of a system the manufacturer wishes to
                      modify the system, the proposed modifications must be submitted
                      to the Executive Officer in a format specified by the Executive
I                    Officer for approval  prior to their implementation.   Such
                      modifications may include substitution of components, elimina-
I                    tion of components and modification of the system configuration.
•                    No person shall  install  or operate a system which is  different
                      in any significant respect from the system certified  by  the
I                    Air Resouces Board.
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    ™                C.   If after  certification  of a  system,  the  Executive Officer
    I                    finds  the system  to no  longer meet the specified certifica-
                         tion specifications, the Executive Officer may, as appropriate,
   |                    revoke or modify  his or her  prior certification.  Except in
   _                    cases where the public safety requires immediate protection,
   ™                    the Executive Officer shall  not revoke or modify a prior
   •                    certification without the manufacturer's consent uViless the
                         Executive  Officer conducts a public hearing.  The manufacturer
   •            i         shall be  notified of the public hearing in writing and the
                         notification shall be given  so as to  be received by the
  I                     manufacturer at least ten days before the hearing date.
  I                 D.   Any manufacturer of a system shall, as a condition of certi-
                         fication of the system by the Air Resources Board,  agree that
  ™                     so long as only one such system is certified by the Air Resources
  •                     Board,  such manufacturer shall  either:  (1) agree to enter into
                         such cross-licensing or other agreements as the Executive Officer
  I                      determines are necessary to ensure adequate competition among
                        manufacturers  of such systems to protect the public interest;
 •                      and (2) agree  as a condition to such  certification  that if only
 •j                      such system from one manufacturer is  made available for sale
                         to the  public,  the Executive Officer  shall, taking  into considera-
 I                      tion the  cost  of manufacturing  the system and the manufacturer's
                        suggested  retail  price,  and  in  order  to  protect the  public
 |                      interest,  determine  the  fair and reasonable retail  price  of
 _                      such system, and may require, as a condition  to continued
 *                      certification  of such  system, that the retail  price  not exceed
 I                       the retail price determined  by  the Executive  Officer.

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METHOD 2-1

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                       State  of  California

                       AIR  RESOURCES  BOARD
       Test Procedures  for Determining the Efficiency of
      Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service Stations
Note:
                  Adopted:  December 9, 1975

                  Amended:  March 30, 1976

                  Amended:  December 4, 1981
To assist the user, the most recent amendments to these
procedures are set forth in italics.   Revisions have
been made to Section 1. Introduction only.   The remaining
sections of the test procedures are unchanged.

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State of Cal i fornia

AIR RESOURCES BOARD
Test Procedures for Determining the Efficiency of
Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service Stations

1. Introduction
The following test procedures are for determining the efficiency of
vapor recovery systems (Sections 2 and 3) for controlling gasoline
vapors emitted during the filling of storage tanks and vehicle fuel
tanks.

The test procedures for determining the efficiency of systems for
controlling gasoline vapors displaced during filling of underground
storage tanks requires determination of the weight of gasoline

vapors vented through the storage tank vent and the volume of
gasoline dispensed. The percentage effectiveness of control is
then calculated from these values.

The test procedures for determining the efficiency of systems to
control gasoline vapors displaced during vehicle fueling requires
that the weight of vapors collected at the vehicle, corrected for

vent losses, be compared to the potential mass emission calculated
for that vehicle. A standard test sample of the vehicle population

1s to be tested and an average efficiency calculated.

The potenti?1 mass emissions are determined during the fueling of
vehicles by measuring the mass of hydrocarbons collected from

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    •                vehicles from which no leak occurred.   Potential  emissions  are  .
    •                expressed as  a function of  the  vapor  pressures  of the  dispensed
                      fuel,  the temperature  of the  dispensed  fuel and  the  temperature
    •                 of  the gasoline in  the test vehicle tank.  This  relationship  is
                      used  as the baseline or reference  from  which  the  efficiency of
   I                 a vehicle fueling vapor control  system  is evaluated.
   |                 The sample of vehicles to be  used  for testing control  systems shall
   m                 be comprised  of vehicles representative of the on-the-road vehicle
   •            %     population in terms  of vehicle miles  travelled.   9yfifl§--tfie-vet:He4e
   •

   •

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  •                   The test  will  be conducted  during  the normal operation of the service
  •                   station.   For vehicle  fueling at a self-service station, ihe customers
                      shall fuel the  vehicles; at a full-service station, the service
 •                   station attendant shall  fuel  the vehicles during  the test period.
                      No more than  30 days prior  to the  100 vehicle efficiency test, the
 •                   entire vapor  recovery  system  is to be tested for  leaks in accordance
 m                  with the  criteria specified in Title 19 Chapter 1 Subchapter 11.5
                      Section 1918.35  (j) and  1918.56 (j), in the State Fire Marshal's regu-
 •                    lations,  in addition the total ullage space shall not be more than

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the- Exee«t4 ve- Off 4 eef- determines- 4 HE pease s-t^e-qwaR-tHy-ef- 4 4 qy4

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                        6,000 gallons.  During the performance test, maintenance, adjustment,

                        replacement of components or other such alteration of the control

                        system is not allowed unless such action is specifically called

                        for in the system's maintenance manual.  Any such alteration shall

                        be recorded on the day on which the alteration was performed.  During

                        the testing, the control system will be sealed in such a manner that

                        unauthorized maintenance may be detected.   Maintenance is to be

                        performed only after notification of the person in charge of the testing

                        except in case of an emergency.  Unauthorized maintenance may be

                        reason for immediate failure of the test.
 I                     For systems which are Identical in design and include the same

                        components as systems tested and found to comply with the test

 |                     procedures, but differ, primarily 1n size, the owner or vendor may

 _                     demonstrate compliance capability and obtain approval by submitting

 ™                     engineering and/or test data demonstrating the relationship between

 •                     capacity and throughput of each component whose performance is a

                        function of throughput.   Examples of such components include:   blowers,

 •                     catalyst, carbon or other adsorbant, compressors,  heat exchangers,
                        combustors,  piping,  etc.

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2.   Undergroung Tank Fueling Test Procedure (Phase  I Systems)


    2.1   Principle and Applicability

         (a)  Principle.   During a fuel delivery, the volume of qasohnp

              delivered from the tank truck to the  underground tank

              is  recorded *nd the concentration of  gasoline vapor

              returning to the tank truck is neasured.   The weight of

              gasoline vapor discharged from the vent of the underground

              tank and, if applicable, from the vent of the vacuum

              assisted secondary processing unit during the same period


              is  determined.   The efficiency of control  is  calculated

              from these  determinations.



         (b)   Applicability.   The method  is apo! i cable  to .ill  LcintnM

              '.vslt'i'1.  wliuh  have a vapor  lint'  • (i-inn t n  i fhf nnd'^i -

              ground tai.k to the tank truck.



    2.2   Apparatus

         (a)   For  each  vent,  including restricted  vents  and vents  of  an/

              processinq  units,  a  positive  displacement  meter,  with  a

              capacity  of 3,000  5CFH,  a pressure  drop of no more  them

              0.05 inches  of  water at  an  air flow  of 30  SCFH,  and  equipped

              with .in  automatic  data  gathering  <;yotem  th^f  csn  di ff^rpr.tiat'

              direction of flow  and records  volume vented  in such  a '.anner

              thot this data  can  be correlated  with  similtanoousI/ T-corded

                                tration dotd.   A nwnifuld  for mcti-r outlet

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                      5

      with t.ips  for an HC analyzer,  a thermocouple;  and a

      pressure sensor is to be used  with the positive displacement

      meter.

 (b)   Coupling for  the vent vapor  line to connect  the 'jas meter.

      Coupling to be sized for a minimum pressure  drop.

 (c)   Coupling for  the vent of the  racuum assisted secondary

      processing  unit to connect the qar, meter.   Coupling to  be


      sized  so as to create no significant additional  pressure

      drop on  the system.

 (d)   Coupling for  tank truck  vapor  return line  with  thermo-

      couple,  manometer* and HC analyzer taps.   Coupling  to be

      the  same diameter as the vapor return line.

 (e)   Coupling for  tank truck  fuel drop  line  with  thermocouple

      tap.   Coupling to be the same  diameter  as  the fuel  line.

 (f)   Two  (I)  hydrocarbon  analyzers  (Til) or ARU  approved  equivalent)

      with recorders and with  a capability  of measuring total

      gasoline vapor concentration of  100 percent  as  propane.

      Both analyzers  to he of  samp make  and model.

 (g)   Threo  (3) flexible thenncouples  or thermistor1;  (0-lr>r'T)

      with a recorder system.

 (h)   Explosimeter

 (i)   Barometer

 (j)   Three manometers  or  other pressure sensing devices  capable

      of measuring  zero to ten inches  of water.

 (k)   Thermometer


* The use of  the word  thermocouple  is to  imply  temperature
  sensing device throughout this procedure.

* The use of  the word manometer 1s  to imply pressure sensiny
  device throughout  this  procedure.

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2 . J  ^rn(

     (<0   The tP'.t for un.lerqround fuelinn will ho i undue tec! undci ,

          as  closely as feasible, normal conditions roi the station

          Normal  conditions will  includr delivery t ire ,vid 'fation

          operatinn conditions.

     (b)   Connect manifold to outlet  of positive displacement meter

          and resulting to system vent of underground tank using  the


          coupler or if the vent  has  a restriction, remove the restriction

          and connect  the  coupler,  manifold and the meter system  to

          the vent and connect restrictor to manifold outlet.   If

          appropriate,  connect another manifold and meter

          to  thp  vent  of the vacuum assisted secondary processino

          unit, or,  if appropriate  use E.P.A.  r. t.ick 'jn.plimi techniques.

          If  the  system uses an  incinerator to control emissions,


          use the test procedures set forth in Section 3.6.

     (c)   Connect the  HC analyser with recorder,  thpmnrnunl" and


          nunoinetei  to the  vent manifold.   Calibrate  the muip, 'unt in

          accordance with  Section 3.3.

     (d)   Connect the-  couplers to the tank  truck  furl  md vo;io'-

          rt't ur-n  1 i m^s.

     (c)   Connect an HC  analyzer  with a  recor^r,  ,1 i.'nonet; r oi  irruin

          line.   Connect thermocouple to  the  t>i > on  fe coupler on

          the  fuel  line.

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(f)  Connect tank truck fuel and vapor return  lines to appropriate

     underground tank lines in accordance with written procedure

     for the system.

(i|)  Chrck tlv tank truck and all vapor return line connections

     for a tight seal before and during the test with the

     explosimeter.

(h)  Record the initial reading of gas meter(s).

(i)  Start fueling of the underground tank in accordance with

     manufacturers'  established normal procedure.

(j)  Hydrocarbon concentrations, temperature and pressure

     measurements should be recorded using strlochart recorders

     within the first 15 seconds of the unloading period.  The

     ijas niptrr reading 1s to be taken .it  120 second intervals.

(k)  Record at the start and the end of the tost barometric

     pressure and ambient temperature.

(1)  At the end of the drop, disconnect the tank truck from the

     underground tank 1n accordance with  manufacturers'  instructions

     (nornal  procedure).  LPOVP the  underground tank vent in-

     strumentation 1n place.

(m)  Continue recording hydrocarbon concentrations, temperatures,

     pressure and  gas  meter readings at the underground  tank vent

     and/or the exhaust of any  processing  unit at 20-m1nute

     intervals.  Do  this for one  hour for  balance systems and

     until  the  system  returns to  normal conditions  as  specified

     by  the manufacturer for secondary systems.

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                              (n)  Disconnect instrumentation from the vent(<0.

                              (o)  Record vulumi.- nf <;aso11ne that ir, dplwrrrd.

                              (p)  Record fin.il  rCddinq of qas meter.



                         2.4  Calculations

                              (a)  Volume of qos discharged through "i th" vent.  This


                                   includes  underground tank vent and any control system


                                   vent.
                                          V    X 52° X
                                   V     -   VI     ,.    ."
                                   vvsi  '  T~X   29.92


                                   ^vsi  "  Volume  of  qas  discharged through "i th" vent,

                                          corrected  to 60°F and 29.92 in.  Hq; Ft3.


                                   P()    -  BaroiuetrK Pressure,  in. llg.



                                   vi   =  Volume  of  gas  recorded by meter  on "i  th" vent,


                                          corrected  for  amount  of vapor  reeved  for t'v.


                                          hydi oc.irbnn analysis, Ft .
•                                ^vi  = Average tenperature 1n "i th" vent line,

                                  1  .   - The vent under consideration

•                           (b)  Volume nf qa; returned to the tank truck.

                                         0.1337fit (520 X [Pb * AH])

•                               Vt =            rt X 29.92
                              Where:

                              Vt      ~  Volume of qas  returned to the tank truck at

                                        6CTF and 29.92 in.  Hg; Ft3.

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   J                            Gt     Volume of gasoline delivered, qal.

  I                            AH   = Final nauqe pressure of tank truck; in.  Hq.

  M                            ^t   a Average temperature of qas returned to tank
  •                                   truck, °R.

  •                            ''b   = Barometric  pressure, in.  Hg.
                               0.1117» Conversion  factor gallons to Ft .
 |                   (c)   Collection efficiency
 _                                    Vt X Ct X 100
 I                       E  =       	
                                    (Vt X Ct ) + E[Cv1  X Vysi]
 •                        Where E- is  the efficiency of control  in  percent.

 I                        V»    =  Form (b)  ohnve



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                                   The average fractional volume concentration

                                   of gasoline vapor in the return line to the truck as

                                   determined by the hydrocarbon analyzer, decimal  fraction.
                            ^vsi  =  From (n)  above.
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                                   The average fractional  volume concentration of gasoline

                                   vapors in the "i  th" vent as  determined by  the hydrocarbon

                                   analyzer, decimal  fraction.

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                                  10
3.   Vehicle Fueling  Test  Procedure

    3.1   Principle and  Applicability

         3.1.1   Principle.   Tests are  conducted on  a  sample  of  vehicles

                reprysentati/f o1 the  vehicle population  to  determine


                the  weiqht  of gasoline  vapor returned  to  the  underground

                tank  and  the weight of  vapor lost through  any vents  in

                the  system.  B.isMine  data (the weight of  gasoline vapor

                displaced per gallon of gasoline dispensed for  given

                temperatures of  the gasoline 1n the vehicle  tank and the

                dispensed gasoline, and given vapor pressure  of the

                dispensed gasoline) are determined  from vehicles from


                which no  significant leaks occurred during fueling.  The

                efficiency  of the vapor recovery system is then cal-

                culated by  comparing the amount of  vacor returned during


                fueling, corrected for vent losses, to the baseline data.



         3.1.2   Applicability.   The method is applicable to all  control

                systems in which vapors are returned from  the vehicle

                tank to the underground tank or disposal system throuah

                a vapor 1i ne.



   3.2  Determination of Gasoline Vapor Transferred to Undeiground Tank

        and Discharged through  Vent of Underground Tank and Control

        System During Vehicle  Fueling.

        3.2.1   Apparatus


                (a)   Positive displacement meter with  a capacity of


                    3000 SCFH  and a  pressure  drop  of  no more than  0.05


                    inches  water at 30 SCFH.   If testim.  is  to  he

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      conducted concurrently at  ntore  than  one  pump  an

      additional  positive-displacement meter will be

      required for  each  additional  oumo.   The  positive

      displacement  meter must be calibrated at 10,  30,

      50,  60,  90, 120,  180,  300, and  3000  SCFH.


 (b)   A  manifold, for connection to the nozzle vapor  line

      at the nozzle, with ports  for a  thermocouple, a

      pressure sensor, and HC analyzer sample  line.   A

      manifold,  for connection to the  nozzle gasoline line

      at the nozzle, with a  tap  for a  thermocouple.   A set

      of these manifold  will  be  required for each pump to

      be included In the test.


 (c)   A  modified nozzle  (of  the  type to be tested) with a

      1/8  inch copper tube as a  pressure tap,   The tube

      enters through the  nozzle  body into the  dispensing

      spout and exits through the wall of the  dispensing

      spout about two Inches  from the  end of the spout.

      The  pressure  tap Is  connected to the pressure trans-
 ™                                       ducer with 1/8 Inch teflon tubing.
(d)  A manifold for the inlet to the positive displacement

     meter with taps for a thermocouple and a pressure

     transducer.


(e)  A manifold for the outlet of the positive displacement

     meter.   The  manifold  will have a one inch I.D.  valve

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     for closing off flow to the vapor return line.

     Between the valve and positive displacement meter

     will be a 1/4 Inch or 3/8 Inch tap for rr,-meeting

     the flow system for pressurizing the vehicle fill

     neck for the leak rate check.


(f)  The pressure system for conducting the pre-fueling

     leak rate check consists of a  nitrogen bottle (2000

     psig),  commercial  grade, a control  valve for regulat-

     ing the bottle pressure to 1  osig,  a needle valve,

     two Magnehelic gauges (0 - 30  and 0 - 10 inches

     water)  for determining the pressure upstream and

     downstream of the needle valve, and a dry gas meter

     (175 SCFH),  alternately an adequate flowmeter,  a

     device  for ensuring a tight seal  with the vehicle

     fill-pipe,  and a hose for supplying pressure to  the

     vehicle tank.   The device (see Figure 3)  is to  have

     a  tap  for allowing monitoring  of  the pressure in the

     fill-pipe during the leak check.


(y)  The pressure system for conducting  the post-fuelinu

     leak rate check  consists of a  nitrogen bottle (2000

     psig),  connerclal  grade, a control  valve  for regulat-

     ing the bottle  pressure  to 1 psin,  a  needle valve, two

     Magnehelic gauges  (0 -  30 and  0 - 10  inches water)

     for determining  pressure upstream and downstream of

     the needle valve,  and  a  dry gas meter (175  SCFH),

     alternately  an adequate  flowmeter.

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                                                     13
                                     (h)   A positive displacement meter,  with a capacity of
I
                                        3000 SCFH, a pressure drop of no more than 0.05
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                                     (j)  Two pressure  transducers  (*_  .5 psi) with recorder
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                                        inches at 30 SCFH, and equipped with automatic data
                                        gathering system that can differentiate direction of
                                        flow and records volume vented in such a manner that
                                        this data can be correlated with simultaneously
                                        recorded HC data.   A manifold with taps for an HC
                                        analyzer, a thermocouple, and a pressure sensor is
                                        to be used with the positive displacement meter.

                                        Such a system 1s required for each vent of the
                                        station unless the vents can be manifolded together
                                        without affectiny  the vapor recovery system operation.
                                        If the underground tanks are vented separately then
                                        only the vent(s) of the underground tank for the  grade
                                        of gasoline used during the test is (are) required
                                        to be Instrumented.

                                   (i)   Four flexible thermocouples or thermistors (0 -  150°F)
                                        with recorders.
                                   (k)   Two  HC  analyzers  (FID  or  ARB  approved equivalent)
                                        with recorders  and with a  capability of measuring
                                        gasoline  vapor  concentrations  of  100 percent as
                                        propane.

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                                                  14
                                     It is  suggested  that  the  recorder  for  the  HC

                                     analyzer  to  be used at  the  vent  manifold be equipped

                                     with an event marker  that will record  when out-

                                     breathing occurs  on the HC  strip chart.  If not,  then

                                     periodic  readings  of  the dry gas meter will be required

                                     and the time of  the readings must  he noted on the HC

                                     strip  chart.



                                (1)   Barometer.



                                (in)   Thermometer.



                                (n)   Explosimeter.



                                (o)   Containers for RVP samples.



                                (p)   Apoaratus  for determining RVP by ASTM  test method

                                     0323-72,  and/or apparatus for determining RVP by

                                     the Chevron Research Corporation's micro-technique.
I                             (q)  Flexible thermocouple (0 - 150°F) or type for deter-

                                    mining vehicle tank temperatures with system to ensu
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             15
to the manifold on the gasoline 1nlpt side of the

nozzle.  Connect pressure transducer line to the

nozzle pressure tube.
*                                 (b)  Connect the appropriate inlet manifold to the inlet

™ ~                                     of the positive-displacement meter and connect a

•                                      thermocouple and pressure transducer to the Inlet

                                        manifold.  Connect the appropriate outlet manifold

•                                      to the outlet of the positive-displacement meter

                                        and connect the leak-rate pressure line to the

•                                      outlet manifold.  For a balance system, connect  a

                                        one-inch polypropylene line from the outlet manifold

•                                      on the vapor return side of the nozzle to the inlet

                                        manifold of the positive-displacement meter,  and

I                                      connect a one-Inch polypropylene line from the

I                                        outlet of the one-Inch valve downstream of the meter

                                        to the underground vapor recovery line.   (System

ft                                      should be arranged so that pressure drop through the

                                        system 1s approximately the same with measuring  devices

•                                      connected as when system 1s operated normally.)


—                                 (c)   Connect the manifold  with  dry gas meter,  thermocouple,

•                                      and HC analyzer to the vent of the underground tank.

I                                        If the vents cannot be manifolded together, when a

                                        vacuum-assisted system is  being  tested,  connect

•                                      similar Instrumentation  to the vent of  the  qasollne

                                        vapor  control  system.   When  an incinerator  is  used

•                                      to process  gasoline vapors,  install  the  positive

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                   16
     displacement meter and manifold  into the line to the

     incinerator.  Connect HC analyzer, thprmocouple , and

     pressure sensor to manifold tdp<;



(d)  Assemble apparatus for conducting leak check of

     vehicle fuel tank.  Connect 3/8  inch pressure supply

     hose and pressure sensor to leak check device.  Connect

     supply hose to needle valve and pressure sensors

     upstream and downstream of needle valve.  Connect

     regulator to bottle of nitrogen and exhaust of

     regulator by 3/8 Inch line to the needle valve.



(e)  Calibrate all  Instruments according to their manu-

     facturers operating manuals for soans approoriate to

     the test requirements (Section 3.3).   Calibrate  the

     instruments at least at the start and end of the

     day's testing.



(f)  Record the  ambient barofnetric  pressure  and  temperature

     after each  vehicle test.



(g)  Take five samples  of gasoline  from the  underground

     tank in accordance with ASTM Method 0270-65 and

     determine their  RVP by ASTM test Method D323-72  or

     the Chevron micro-technique.   Repeat  aftor  each  fuel

     delivery  to the  underground tank.



(h)  At the start and  end  of the test da/,  record the


     liquid volume  readings on  each gasoline pump at  the

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                   17
     service station,  lor systems js mi a t or ,

     record the meter reading of the positive-displacement

     meter Installed in the vapor line to th-  incinerator.



(i)  At the start and end of the test period,  record the

     positive-displacement vapor meter readings of the

     meters In the vents.   Monitoring of vent  emissions

     shall be 24 hours per day.



3.2.2.1  Leak Check of vehicle fuel  tanks to be done prior

         to vehicle tests  is described below.

         (a)  Connect device for determining vehicle tank

              leak rate to vehicle fill-pipe.



         (b)  Open main valve on the nitrogen  supply bottle

              and adjust the needle  valve until  the

              pressure in  the fill  neck  reaches one half

              (1/2) Inch water (gauge)  and is  stable.



         (c)  Determine the rate at  which vapor is  IraHnq

              by either timing a volume  of  0.1  ft.3 or  by

              selecting a  time period of  15  seconds,  which-

              ever results is  a  smaller  volume  being  trans-

              ferred to the vehicle  tank.  Record  readings.

              If a stable  pressure cannot  be maintained

              due to too large a leak, note  this.



         (d)   Remove  device  from ti-"  vehicle fi'1-piue  and

              proceed with  the procedures as described  in

              Section  3.2.2.2.

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                   18
         (e)  If a  leak-rate greater  than  0.01  cfrn is

              determined the vehicle  "iay not  be  a  base-

              line vehicle and  M^ post  tjHinj  I oil-

              check need not be conducted.



3.2.2.2  Tl-p following steps arp for  perfoinnny  the

         Individual vehicle tests.

         (a)  All  dispensing from any nozzle  not being

              tested,  but connected to the same  vapo--

              return line as the test nozzle, must be done

              carefully by a service  station  attendant and

              not  be a self-service customer.   This

              procedure applies reqardlp^s of the  node of

              operation used dunrtj the "j')-^'/  r>> h a*, i 1 i t_y

              pei i od.   Even 1 f CP>'' ''  ' cjf i on  i   ' e 1i  i

              sought for a  total'.v  ra'-^V dr.! ;>-.<-:". ''"'


              is  to be used in 'he  v'<-:><	i'" "'odr>, .1 li

              dispensing during the '3')--.ar -^ t,  r^t^p"


              dispensing which is  done with the  test"

              nozzle,  must  be  done  v°rv care^'i1'•• by -"'.n

              attendant.



         (b)   For  each vehicle  test°d  insert a thermorounIe

              into  the vehicle  tank,  ensjro thnrmocoju'e

              comes  in contact  with  t^e hou'^,  al'ow
                                           i

              sufficient  time  for  tho  instiument to sfabili/

              jnd  record  the  initial  tcifpersi t urn nf o;^ol'"^


              m its fuel  tank.

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         19
(c)  Instruct station attendant or self-service

     customer to connect nozzle.   Note the type

     of fH obtained and note the make, model  and

     year of vehicle being tested.   The note on

     the type of fit ohtainrd should include:

     1)  whether or not th? nozzle could bo

         latched,

     2)  problems encountered when Inserting the

         nozzle, and

     3)  whether or not the nozzle was hand-held.



(d)  Record the initial positive-displacement

     meter reading, turn chart recorders on, and

     verify operation of sensors.   Set HC sample

     flowrate to approximately 500 cubic centimeters

     per minute.



(e)  Instruct station attendant or  self-service

     customer to start fueling vehicle at the

     maximum desired automatic flow-rate.   Record

     the setting.


(f)  Indicate on charts and/or other data printouts

     the point at  which fueling commences.


(g)  Record the dispensed liquid  and returned

     vapor temperatures and rpcord  the positive-

     displacement  meter readings  at  five  gallon

     intervals.   Indicate on  the  chart  recordings

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                   20
               the  point  at  which each five gallon


               is passed.   Take  background explosimeter


               reading.



               Use  exploslmeter  to  detect  any  leaks  at

               the  nozzle-f 11 Inec*  interface    ('••Jarn


               Dec son  dispensing  gasol'np  that  an explosi-


               meter w|i 11  be  used and  this is  not to affect
                      I

               the  person's  normal  mode  of operation.)



          (h)   Indicat^ on  the chart  recordings  the  point


               at which fueling  is  terminated.   Need a


               minimum of  four gallons  of  fue/  dispensed for


               an acceptable  test   Thi<;  i -  ro  n"->  ' '<   '  ',  ''?••



               cecord  the  total gallons  discerned and tho


               final positive-displacement meter  readings.


               Note any incidents of  "spi tbaci-;"  Or  spill:<


               Note the combustible gas  detector  readings.


               Instruct station attendant  or  ;•:'i  <•_•?• J \~r


               L'jr,tomer not to di'.turb  the no/t'i.1



J.2.2.J  The post-fueling leak rate chrr.k  is not  ^o fi--1


         conducted  for vacuum assisted  :,ySt"m;    rt'TS


         (a) through  (e)  are for leak rate c>e<>  *or


         displacement systems.


         (a)  Close the valve In the vapor return line

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                                                under test so that the vapor return line is

                                                closed to gas flow.  (Be sure HC analyzer

                                                sample pump has been turned off.)



                                           (b)  Open the main valve on the nitrogen supply

                                                bottle and adjust the needle valve until the

                                                pressure in the fillneck is at the desired

                                                level and is stable.  It is suggested that

                                                the leak rate be determined at three fillneck

                                                pressures, one point below the average pressure

                                                experienced during fueling, one at average

                                                pressure and one above average pressure.
                                           (c)  Determine the rate at which vapor is leaking

                                                by timing a convenient volume (suggest a

 •                                              minimum of 0.1  ft.3 or 15 seconds).   Mark

 H                                              the chart pressure trace at the  start and

 ™                                              finish of each  timed interval.   Record the

 •                                              time and volume.   Repeat for each pressure

                                                setting.  If a  stable pressure cannot be

 I                                              maintained due  to too small  a leak (probably

                                                through vehicle's evaporative emission control

I.                                             system) so note.   If the pressure experienced

                                                during the fueling cannot be obtained because

• '                                             the leak is  too  large,  note  this  also.
                                           (d)  Remove  the  nozzle  from  the  vehicle  fillneck

                                               and replace on  the gasoline Dump.   Purge HC

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               analyzer system and zero pressure transducers.

               Open  the valve  \r\ the  vapor return line.



          (e)   veasure  the  final  temperature  of the  gasoline

               in  the  vehicle  tank
 3.2.2.4   Continue  tests  for  the  test  sample    The  san.ple

          shall  be  statistically  representative of  the


          vehicle population, weighted  according  to  vehicle


          miles  travelled  (Section  3.4).

          (a)  The  vehicle population  is  to meet  the  specified

              vehicle matrix within  three vehicles.   The

              test vehicles  are  to be  selected on  a  first-'n-

              first tested basis.  The exception to  this  n


              when a vehicle is  rejected for  TIC of  tho

                      in  (b) below.
         (b)  The cnly acceptable reasons  for  rejection  c-f

              a vehicle are:   (1) inccmp let?  t-°st data,


              (2) vehicle has  been modified in  the

              vicinity of the  fill-pipe  opening or  vehicle

              fill -pipe has been modi^i^d  or cUr'OTnrl,  'n

              vehicle test matrix category already  fj1!,

              (4) less than required nnimum fuel dispensed,

              (5) vehicle did  not havp fill-nine cap upon

              arrival at station.



3.2.2,'j  At Mie end of the testing deternme fie number o-*-


         baselmp vehicles (those vehicles which met the

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                          23
                conditions of 3.2.3  (g)) if  this number  is not

                40 or more continue  testing  until  this number

                is obtained.  Thpse  additional vehicles will only

                he used In estiinatinn actual vehicle emissions

                and will not be used in calculating the system

                efficiency.  (Any additional baseline vehicles

                have to meet the conditions  in 3.2.3 (g).)



       3.2,2.6  Any test vehicle which had an initial  vehicle

                tank temperature more than 10°F outside the

                range of temperatures for the baseline vehicles

                will be discarded from the test fleet.



       3.2.2.7  Record pressure of the vehicle tank and the

                underground tank during various rates  of fueling

                and determine the pressure drop in the  line from

                the nozzle to the underground tank.



3.2.3  Calculations

       (a)  Volume of gas transferred to underground tank during

            vehicle fueling.

                  Vr x 520 x (Pb + AHr/13.6)
            Vrs =          Tr x 29.92


            Where:

                   Vrs « Volume  of gas  corrected  to 60°F  and  29.92 in.

                         Hq.  passing through dry  gas meter in

                         nozzle  vapor line  for  each vehicle.  Ft.  .

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                                                    24
                                             V   = Actual volume of qas passing through the
 |                                                dry gas meter in the nozzle vapor line
                        ,                           for each vehicle,  lunected for amount
 •                                                of vapor removed for the h/drocarbon
 M                                                analysis , Ft . ^ .

                                             PK  = Average barometric pressure, in. Hg .
 |
                                             AHr - Average manometer pressure, in.  H^O.

 I
                                                   = Average temperature  in the nozzle vapor
                                                r

  I
                                              r
                                                   line, °R taken at meter inlet.
                                   (b)   Weight  of  gasoline  vapor  transferred  to  underground
                                        tank  during  vehicle  fueling.
                                             Cr x  Vrs  x Mf  x 454
                                        Wr  =         379
                                        Where:
 •                                            Wr  = Weight  of gasoline vapor transferred to
                                                    underground  tank for each vehicle, Gm.
                                               Cr  = Average fractional concentration of
 I                                                 hydrocarbons, decimal fraction.
                                               Vrs = From (a) above.

                                               M   = Molecular weight of hydrocarbon used to
 I                                                  calibrate hydrocarbon analyzer, Ihs/lb.
                                                    Mole.
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                   25
                                     |(c)  Volume of gas dlschdr^rX.-f f/->f vi >•' "f Mt|f|M * rjr-^-X x
                                                                                     >v
                                          tank during vehicle fiir/m,
                                          v     V  * 52°
            T, x 29.92
             a
     Where:
            Vas • Total volume of gas discharged from
                  vent of the underground tank plus
                  from vent of control system 1f a
                  vacuum-assisted system, corrected to
                  60°F and 29.92 in. Hg, Ft?

            Va  « Actual volume of gas passing through
                  dry gas meter, or meters, corrected for
                  amount of vapor removed for the hydro-
                  carbon analysis, Ttr

            P^j  • Average barometric pressure, in.  Hg.

            Tfl  • Average temperature of gas discharging
                  from vent,  or vents, °R.

(d)  Weight of gasoline vapor discharged from vent of
     underground tank during  vehicle fueling.
          Cfl x Vas x M, x 454 Gd
     Wfl  =      379   Gs
     Where:
            Wa  • Weight of gasoline vapor  discharged
                  from the  vent of the underground  tank,

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                                                      26
 I
                                                     plus from vent of control system 1f a
 I                       •                           vacuum assisted system,  weighted for
                                                     the gallons of gasoline  sold through
 •                                                  the pump where vehicle testing  occurs,
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                                                     Gm.

                                               Ca  = Average fractional  concentration of
                                                     hydrocarbons at vent,  decimal  fraction.
                                               vas
                                               Ha  = Molecular weight of hydrocarbons  compound
 •                                                  used to calibrate hydrocarbon  analyzer,
                                                     Ibs/lb.Mole.
 •                                                  Note:   If an  incinerator  is  used  to
                                                            process  vapors  see Section  3.6
 |                                                         for calculation of incinerator
                                                            emissions .

                                               Gj  = Total  volume  of gasoline  dispensed  to
 I                                                  the  test vehicles,  gal.
 •                                             Gs   =  Total  volume  of  gasoline  dispensed  from
                                                     all  the  station  pumps,  gal.
I
                                             Note:   If  the  rate of  volume  emissions and  the
                                                     hydrocarbon concentrations of  the  vent
•                                                   emissions  are not  constant with time,
                                                     the product of  Ca  x  Vas must be inte-
I                                                   grated  with respect  to time.   Numerical
                                                     integration techniqups am rpcorrmended.
I

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                  27
(e)  Weight of gasoline vapor displaced during von ki

     fueling »f the test fleet.
     Where:
                 * Baseline weight of total gasol'ne

                   vapor displaced during vehicle fueling,
                   Gm.
            [£} .  = From regression equations developed

                   from baseline vehicle data.  Gin/gal.


            (G)i  • Number of gallons transferred during

                   "1  th" fueling.
            1     • Individual  fueling.

            Note:  For calculating Wx for baseline vehicles

                   use Wr1  instead of [H-)i  G^.


(f)   Efficiency of fueling  control system.


          IE   WH -  Ha1]  x 100
     Where:
            E   •  Efficiency  of  vehicle  fueling  control

                 system,  percent.


            Wp  •  From  (b)  above.

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                  28
            W  =• From (d) above.
             a


            Wx = From (e) above.


            i  = Individual  fueling.


(g)   Regression equations for estimating the  actual

     weight of gasoline  vapor displaced  during  vehicle

     fueling of the  test fleet.



     For a  balance  system, select  those  vehicles  from the

     total  list of  vehicles  tested  which had:   (1)  complete

     test data, (2)  a  pre-fuellng  leak  rate of  equal to

     or  less than 0.01 CFH,  (3)  a  post-fueling  leak  rate

     of  equal  to or  less than 0.01  CFM,  (4) explosimeter

     readings  for the  fueling period  equal to or  less

     than 0.1  LEL (except for a  momentary  spike such as

     the end of fueling).  It is desireable that  baseline

     vehicles  be those where  "hands-off"  fueling  occurred,

     however,  this may not be possible due to the nature

     or  mode of operation of  the system  being tested.

     These  vehicles  and  their measured data will  be  used

     to  deveiop the  regression equation  to determine

     [ iL ) ;  for a balance type vapor  recovery system.



     For a  vacuum-assisted system,  select  those vehicles

     from the  total  11st of vehicles  tested which had:

     (1)  a  pre-fuellng leak rate of equal  to or less than

     0.01 CFM,  (2) a zero or  negative pressure  1n the

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              29
 vehicle flllneck for Ihejueiniy penud, (j)

 exploslmeter readings Jor the "jri'ng r"in?// «-cur.   c^^

 to or less than 0.1 Ltl (except for a n.omentary

 spike such as at the einj of 'jeliny), a°d (4i a

 complete set of data.  These vehiL.es and th«;.i

 measured data will  be used to develop the regression

 equation to determine [  — ); for a vacuum-assisted  type

 vapor recovery system.   Using step-wise  regression

 techniques, determine a  multi-variable linear

 regression equation  for  the emissions from baseline

 vehicles (those vehicles  selected  by the above

 criteria)  using as the dependent variable -  grams

 HC vapor per gallon  of gasoline  dispensed.


                     \
 (gallons Of "gasoline  dispensed to  vehicle'      a"

 Independent  variables -  the  vapor  pressure of th<-

 dispensed  gasoline,  the  initial  temperature  of  the

 gasoline in  the  vehicle  tank  (Tv), and the average

 temperature  of  the dispensed gasoline  (T.).   An

 equation of  a different form  (such as a quadratic)

 or an equation  using  different independent variables

may be used  if  the alternate equation gives a

statistically better  fit at the 0.01 level of confidence.

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                                   30


3.3  Calibrations

     3.3.1   Flow meters.   Standard  methods and equipment shall be used to

            calibrate  the  flow meters.  The calibration curves are to be

            traceable  to National Bureau of Standards (N3S) standards.

    3.3.2    Temperature recording instruments.  Calibrate daily prior

            to test period and imnediately following test period using ice

            water  (32°F) and a known temperature source about 100 F

    3.3.3    Pressure recording Instruments.  Calibrate pressure transducers

            prior  to the 100 vehicle Phase II test with a static pressure

          .  calibrator for a range of -3 to +3 inches water or appropriate

            range of operation.  Zero the transducers after each individual

            vehicle test.

    3.3.4    Total  hydrocarbon analyzer.   Follow the manufacturer's instructions

            concerning warm-up time and adjustments.  On each test day nriur

            to testing and at the end of the day's testing, zero the

            analyzer with  a zero qas (<3 ppm C) and soan with 30 percent

            and 70 percent concentrations of propane.  Prior to the Phase I

            and Phase  II testing perform a comprehensive calibration in

            the laboratory.  Check the analyzer with several known

            concentrations of propane to determine linearity.  The HC

            calibration cylinders must be checked against a reference

            cylinder maintained in the laboratory before each field

            test.   This information must be entered into a  loq identifvim

            each cylinder  by serial  number.  The reference  cylinder  must  b.>

            checked against a primary standard every six months und th^

            recorded.   The reference cylinder is to be discarded when the

            assayed value  changes more than one percent.  Any cylinder is

            to be  discarded when the cylinder pressure drops to 10 percent

           of the  original pressure.

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                         3.3.5  A record of all calibrations made  is  to be maintained.

 •                 3.4   Acceptance of Systems
 •                      When a system Is accepted,  It will have certain physical  features
                         such as piping sizes and configurations which duj r^ve  lo be »iyij.in.j
 I                      to accomodate the requirements of each installation.  Because the
                         pressure drops and other characteristics of  the system are Influenced
 •                       by these features and these 1n turn influence effectiveness, 1t may
                         be necessary to condition acceptance upon certain criteria which
•                       account for physical parameters such as pressure drops and flow
                         rates.  When systems are tested for acceptance, these parameters
•                       will be ascertained.
                        Some of the conditions that may be imposed upon an acceptance are:

                        (a)  Allowable pressure drop in the lines leading from the

                             dispensing nozzle to the underground tank.
  •                        (b)  The method of calculating the pressure drop.

  •                        (c)  The model of dispensing nozzle which may be used.

                           (d)  The manner in which vapor return lines may be manifolded.

                           (e)  The type of restriction to be placed on the vent of the

 •                            underground tank.

 .                        (f)  The number of dispensing nozzles which may be serviced by a
                             secondary  system.

                        (g)   Allowable  delivery  rates.

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                                    32
     (h)  Use of the  system on  full-service  stations  only.


3.5  Test Sample

     A total  of 100 vehicles  are  required  to  be  tested  for  determining

     the efficiency of  a  phase  II  system.  The vehicle  distribution  basp-1

     on model  year, vehicle miles  travelled and  manufacturer  for  use  until

     September 1976,  is given in  Table  I.  An up-date table will  be

     Issued  in September  of each  subsequent year.  Vehicles will  be  tested

     as they  enter the  station  ("first  in" basis) until a specific

     matrix  block of  the  distribution is filled.  Additional  tested

     cars  that fit into a completed matrix block can  be used  as baseline

     vehicles  but may not be  substituted for earlier  complete  tests.

     Exception to this  1s when more than two  identical vehicles arrive

     to be tested, only the first  two will be used.   (An examplr  of  this

     would be  if three  1975 Impola station wagons come  'n for  testing, "nlv

     the first two would  be used  unless one was  rejected for other reasons

     such  as missing data.)   The only other reasons for excluding a  vehicle

     from  the  test fleet are:   (1) incomplete data for vehicle  (missing

     vehicle  temperature, HC  concentration, volume returned);  (2) less

     than  require minimum fuel dispensed;  (3) vehicle has been modified in

     the vicinity of  the  fillpioe opening or has significantly damaged p"

     modified  fuel tank fillpipe;  (4) vehicle was agreed upon  by  applu-"ii

     and ARB as being unacceptable; (5) vehicle  did not have  fillpipu

     cap upon  arrival at  station.

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                                     33
3.6  Test Procedures for Determining Incinerator F

     3.6.1   Principle and Applicability

            3.6.1.1   Hydrocarbon and carbon A\aKijAf (.uncetft^tiuns >•- i'i-.

                     exhaust gases, and qns vniunv> /.tA He- c'ncmtrot'rrs

                     in the inlet vapor, ^m//***.*""-''/^^^      !Cr>^«'>r-

                     trations are measured.  These values are used to

                     calculate the incinerator HC control efficiency  and

                     mass emission rate based on a carbon balance.

            3.6.1.2   Applicability:  This method is applicable as  a performance

                     test method for gasoline vapor control  incinerators

                     used at service station^ equipped fnr Phase  I and II

                     vapor control.

     3.6.2   Test Scope  and Conditions

           3.6.2.1  Station Test Status:  The procedure  is designed to measure

                    incinerator control efficiency under conditions fh'11,

                    may be considered normal for the station under test.  All

                    dispensing pumps Interconnected with or sharing the

                    .control system under test shall remain open as is normal

                    for the station operation.  Vehicles shall be fueled as

                    is normal for  the test period.  As underground tank

                    filling produces vapor volumes different from vehicle

                    tank filling, no underground tank filling should  be

                    performed during the test period.   A seperate test Is

                    to be made to determine vapor control efficiency  during

                    phase I operations.

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                               34
        3.6.2.2  Fuel  KVP:   The  RVP of the  fuel  disoensed  during

                 the test  shall  be  within the  range  normal  for  the

                 geographic  location and time  of the  year.

 3.6.3  Test Equipment

       3.6,3.1   HC  Analyzers:  HC analyzers using flame ionization

                 detectors calibrated with known concentrations of

                 propane in air are  used to measure HC concentrations

                 at both the incinerator inlet and exhaust.  A suitable

                 continuous recorder 1s required to record real-tine

                 output from the HC analyzers.

       3.6.3.2   Sample System:  The sample probe is  to be  of a

                 material  unaffected by combustion nases (S.S.  365)

                 The sample Dump should be  oil-less and leak-tight.

                 Sample lines are to be Inert,  teflon is recommended.

                 A thermocouple (0-2000 F)  shall  be used to monitor

                 temperature of exhaust gases at the  inlet  to

                sampling system.

       3.6.3.3  Carbon Dioxide Analyzer:   A nondispersive  infrared  analyzer

                calibrated with known quantities of  C0? in air is

                used to measure CO- concentration', in ti'o  nxhaust qa^

       3.6.3.4  Other equipment is  specified in Section 1.2 II

3.6.4  Test Procedure

       3.6.4.1   Visual  Inspection:   Any visual emissions except for

                steam,  from vapor Incinerators a^e an  indication

                of poor combustion.   An Incinerator shall not emit

                air  contaminants (not  Including  moisture)  in surh

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                         35
         a manner that the opacity of fhe emission is
         greater than 10 percent (or  <, prrioii or periods
         agqregratlng more than one minute K< any GO
         consecutive minute?; r>-/•y/.^f-i  ^'-.•^ ft /7S;e^*T
         opacity at any time.  Should such visible emissions
         from the exhaust be detected, the control  systcn ;;
         unacceptable and the problem must be corrected and
         an application made to the ARB for reconsideration
         for certification.
3.6.4.2  Sample Location:  The sampling point should be located
         in the exhaust stack down-stream of  the burner far
         enough to permit complete  mixing of  the combustion gases
         For nost sources,  thir, point is  ?\.  least  t'i ;ht -.tf.V
         diameters downstream of any  interference  and  two
         diameters upstream  of the  stack  exit.   There  are many
         cases  where these conditions cannot  be  met.   The
         sample point should be no  less  than  one stack  diameter
         from the stack exit and one  stack diameter  above the
         high point  of the  flame and  be  at a  point of  maximum
         velocity head as determined  by  the number of  equal
         areas   of cross-Jtctlonal  area of the stack.   The
         inlet  sampling location is 1n the system  inlet line
         routing vapors  to the burner.   A HC  sample  tap, a
         pressure sensor  tap,  and a thermocouple connection
         to  monitor  q«s  temnerature must  be Installed on the
         inlet  side  of the volume meter.

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                               36
       3.6.4.3  Monitoring Equipment Set-Dps:  Scan and calibrate all

                monitors.  Connect sampling nrohes, pumps and rrcnrdrrs

                to the monitors and mount samplinq probes in ihr-

                stack and at the inlet.

       3.6.4.4  Measurements:  Mark strip charts at the start of thp

                test period and proceed with-HC, CCL, and volume

                measurements for at least three burning cycles of the

                system.   The total  sampling time should be at least

                three hours.   Sampling for HC's and CO- must occur

                simultaneously.   At  the end of each cycle,  disconnect

                CO- instrument and obtain an ambient air sanple.


                This  step requires that the CO  ir-stpji'icnt be

                calibrated fnr the lower concents t ion^  qiprtcrl

                at ambient levels.

       3.6.4.5  Gasoline Liauid  Volume:  Record the qasoline liquid

                dispensed during the test period.

3.6.5  Calculations:
       3.6.5.1   Symbols


                LCL
                CO
                  2a
                HCi
                Hf
                P.
=  Carbon dioxide concentration in rhr
   exhaust gas (ppmv).

=  Average carbon dioxide concentration
   in the ambient air (ppmv)

=  Hydrocarbon concentration in the inlet
   gas to the burner  (pnnv a^, propane)

=  Hydrocarbon  conc^ntro! inn in the i »lMir, t
   (ppmv as propane).

=  Gasoline liquid volume dispensed during
   test period ('id1 ''ins).

=  Static pressure at inlet meter  (1n H ).


=  Temperature of r;as at inlet meter (°r).

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                         37
            V.             «  Inlfl  f/u£ ^/*ni" (If ]


            F             -  Di 1 u'. ion Feu HM

            51.6x10"      =  Correction factor for qr^Tc of hyrlrprarhon
                             per gas volume parts per million propane

                             (T ...9,    .)
                             MSCF) {ppmvr

            3             c  Number of carbon atoms  per propane molecule,



3.6.5.2(a)  Calculate the standard total  ips volume  (v ) at the

            burner Inlet for each  test.  (Standard temperature 60 F,

            standard pressure 2').92 in 1115)

            V             -  V. (P. + 29.92)  520     (1)
             s                 1 (Tl + 460)      29.92



       (b)  Calculate an average  vapor volume to  liquid volume (v/1;

            at  the inlet for each  test.


            
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                               38

      (.d)  The mass emission  rate (m/L)   Is  calculated  using  the  inlet
           (m/L).  from eauation  (3)  and  the  carton  dilution factor^
           from equation  (4)    The exhaust HC  concentration will  vary
           with time  and  operation of  the  system.   It  is  likely
           that,  in addition  to  an overall average  mass emission
           rate using an  average HC,,  several  peak  values  of  (m/L)
           will  be  required as discussed above.   If some  correlations
           between  HC.  and HC  occurs  Over the burning  cycle  of the
           system,  this calculation  should be  used  to show the
           change  in  mass emission rate.   (m/L)e  =  F  ^HC^ (m/L)   (q/(|al)  (5)
                                                     HC j       i
      (e)   Mass  control efficiency (%/E) can be calculated for an
           average  value  over each test  Interval.   It represents
           the reduction of hydrocarbon mass  achieved  by the incinerator
           system and  this efficiency  can vary depending  OP the loidmo
           cycle or the inlet loading.     __      (1_  (_FJ  [
3.6.6  Calibrations
       3.6.6.1   Total Hydrocarbon Analyzers:   Flame  ionlzation detectors
                or equivalent total hydrocarbon analyzers  are acceptable
       for mea   for measurement of exhaust hydrocorbon concentrations.
                Calibrations should be performed ^ollowinq thp marj f j( *r> <•<
                instructions for warm-up time  and adjustments,  falibnticjn
                gases shou1^ be propane in hydrocarbon-free air of  >nowr
                concentrations prepared gravimetn cally with measu>fd
                mass quantities of 100 percent prooane.  A calibrate''
                curve shall be produced using  a minimum of five (5)
                preoared calibration gases 1n  the range of concentrations
                expected during testing.  The  calibration  curve shall

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                                     39
                      be  used  in  determining  ''VrMi'vd levels  '\\.n>-?.

                      The calibration  of  the  instrumpnt  "M>d  n"*  he  p'-r^y-e-'j

                      on  sHe,  but  shall  He perform rr"T  to  ?"d  VTTV '   .<•'

                      following the  test  program.   During  the test  program,

                      the HC analyzer  shall be  spanned on  site  with  zero  gas

                      (<3 ppmv  C) and  with known concentrations of propane

                      in  hydrocarbon-free air at a  level near the highest

                      concert  .'".'•   ••••'•rted.   The  spanning procedure shall

                      be  pert.;  ..   •  ^east twice each test day.


             3.6.6.2   Carbon Dioxide Analyzer:  Nondispersive infrared analyzers

                      are acceptable for measurement  of p^haust CO-  conc«'iitraHons

                      Calibrations should be performed following the manufacturers'

                      instructions.  Calibration gases should be ! no*"1

                      concentrations of CO- in  air.   A calibration shall be

                      prepared  uslnp a minimum  of five prepared calihrdi '-.':

                      gases 1n  the range of concentrations expected   'HO

                      calibration of the instrument need not be performed

                      on  site but shall be performed  itmedlately prior to

                      and  immediately  following the test program.  Durwj

                      the  testing the analyzer  shall  be spanned with a known

                      concentration of C0? in air at  a level  near the highest

                     concentration expected.   The spanning procedure shall

                     occur at  least twice per test day.


3.7  Alternate equipment  and  techniques  may  be  used If prior approval  Is

     obtained from the ARB.

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142
FIGURE 3
• FKL-FUEIING LEAK CHECK DCVICE
Ij 1
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                                                TABLE I
•  "               Test Sample for Determining the Efficiency of Phase Two Systems by
                           Model  Year, Vehicle Miles Travelled and Manufacturer
                    Percent                     Automobile Manufactured
m        Model  Distribution
•        Year      by VMT      General     FerxJ           Chrysler        American
•                              Motors  Motor Company     Corporation  Motors Corporation     Imports
|   Pra 19/0        12           5          3                 20                2
         1970         5    '      2          1                 1              0                1
I       1971         722                 10                2
•       1972         9           3          2                 10                3
»       19-,j        10           *          3                 10                3
|       1974        12           4          3                 1              °                3
         197F        15           5          4                 11                 5
|       1976        17           5          4                 21                 -5
         1977        12           4          2                 1              0                5
I       1978         100                 0.0                0

         October 1977

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APPENDIX D
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•                              SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
                                       DISTRICT RULE NO.  461
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RULE 461 - GASOLINE TRANSFER AND DISPENSING (Amended January 16,1981)

(a) Gasoline Transfer Into Stationary Storage Containers (Phase
    I) A person shall not transfer,  or permit the transfer or
    provide equipment for the transfer of gasoline from any
    tank truck, trailer or railroad tank car into any stationary
    storage container with a capacity of more than 950 liters
    (251 gallons)  unless the transfer is made to a storage
    container equipped as required in Rule 463(a) or unless all
    of the following conditions are met:
    (1) such container is equipped with a permanent submerged
        fill pipe,  and
    (2) such container is equipped with a "GARB certified"
        vapor recovery system,  and
    (3) all vapor  return lines  are connected between the tank
        truck,  trailer or railroad tank car and the stationary
        storage container, and
    (4) the vapor  recovery system is operating in accordance
        with the manufacturer's specifications and the delivery
        vehicle is  maintained in a vapor-tight condition,  in
        accordance  with Rule 462(c).

(b) Gasoline Transfer Into Vehicle Fuel Tanks (Phase II)
    A person shall  not transfer, permit the transfer or provide
    equipment for  the transfer  of gasoline from a stationary
    storage container subject to the provisions of paragraph
    (a),  or from a  storage container to which gasoline has
    been transferred from another container subject to the
    provisions  of  paragraph (a), into any motor vehicle fuel
    tank of greater than 19 liters (5 gallons) capacity unless:
    (1) the dispensing unit used to  transfer the gasoline  from
        the stationary storage  container to the motor vehicle
        fuel tank  is equipped with a "GARB certified" vapor
        recovery system,  and
    (2) the vapor recovery system is operating in accordance
        with the manufacturer's specifications.

(c) Additional  Requirements
    (1) Vapor recovery or vapor processing systems used to
        comply  with the provisions of this rule shall comply
        with all safety,  fire,  weights and measures,  and other
        applicable  codes or regulations.
    (2) Vapor recovery systems  required under paragraph (a)
        or paragraph (b)  shall  at all times be maintained  in
        accordance  with the manufacturer's specifications  and
        the GARB certification.   In  the event that the vapor
        recovery system is not  capable of being operated in
        accordance  with the manufacturer's specifications
        or GARB certification the following appropriate action
        shall be taken:
        (A) For a breakdown (as defined in Rules 102 and 430) of
            the central vapor incineration or processing unit,
            all the provisions  of Rule 430 governing breakdown
            procedures,  reporting requirements and operational
            limitations shall apply.
        (B) For problems associated  with  any vapor recovery,
            storage,  or dispensing equipment,  other than a
            breakdown of the central vapor incineration or
            processing unit,  provisions of Rule 430 (b)  and
            (d) shall apply.

                                  -1-

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    As applied to gasoline transfer and dispensing operations,
    the term "end of cycle" shall  refer to the close of business
    on the date the breakdown occurs.
    (3) A person shall not perform or  permit the "pump-out"
        (bulk transfer) of gasoline from a storage container
        subject to paragraph (a)  unless such bulk transfer
        is performed in the manner prescribed for a Class  V
        facility under Rule 462 (vapor balancing),  except  that
        vapor balance is not required  where the container  is to
        be removed or filled with  water for testing.
    (4) Where any stationary storage container or dispensing
        equipment was exempt from  the  provisions of paragraph
        (a) or paragraph (b) of this rule prior to January
        16, 1981,  but is now required  to comply with paragraph
        (a) or paragraph (b),  the  owner/operator of such
        container shall achieve compliance in accordance with
        the schedule set forth in  paragraph (e).
    (5) A person shall not store,  or allow the storage of,
        gasoline in any stationary storage container with  a
        capacity of more than 950  liters (251 gallons)  unless
        such container:
        (A) complies with Rule 463(a);  or
        (B) is equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe
            and a "GARB certified" vapor recovery system.

(d)  Exemptions
    The provisions of this rule shall  not apply to the transfer
    of gasoline:
    (1) Into or from any stationary container having a capacity
        of 1,080 liters (550 gallons)  or less,  installed for
        gasoline storage prior to  March 1,  1977.
    (2) Into or from  any stationary container having a
        capacity of 7,570 liters  (2,000 gallons)  or less
        which:
        (A) was installed for  gasoline storage prior to "March
            5,  1975,  and
        (B) is equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe,
            and
        (C) is not part of a facility  which has any storage
            container subject  to paragraph (a)  of this  rule.
    (3) Into any underground storage container installed prior
        to March 5,  1975,  where the fill line between the  fill
        connection and container is offset,  as defined in
        subparagraph (f)(7),  or where  the top of the container
        is 3.7 meters (12 feet) or more below ground level.
    (4) Into or from any stationary container which is  used
        primarily  for the fueling  of implements of husbandry,
        as such vehicles are defined in Division 16 (Section
        36000,  et  seq.)  of the California Vehicle Code,  if
        such container is equipped with a submerged fill pipe.
        As used in this  subparagraph (d)(4),  "primarily" shall
        mean more  than 757° of  the  monthly throughput from  the
        container  or dispenser.
    (5)  Into or from any stationary container used exclusively
        for fueling agricultural wind  machines.
    (6)  Into any stationary container  installed or  under
        construction prior to  January  9,  1976,  which is exclu-
        sively receiving gasoline  from any loading  facility which
        is a Class IV facility under Rule 462,  if such container
        is equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe.

                                _ 9 _

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    (7) From any mobile container used exclusively for refuel-
        ing of vehicles or aircraft,  and from any vehicle
        fueling hydrant system which was in operation prior
        to January 5,  1979.
    (8) Into motor vehicles  from any gasoline dispensing
        facility in existence prior to March 5,  1975, which
        is located in  a structure where and the  bottom of
        the dispensers is at a lower elevation than the top
        of the gasoline storage containers.
    (9) Into or from any one or two stationary containers
        comprising a single  facility which is located in
        Coachella Valley Area,  was in operation  prior to
        January 16,  1981,  and is used exclusively for non-
        retail sales;  provided that each container has a capacity
        of 3,880 liters (1,025 gallons) or less  and,  if greater
        than 2,080 liters (550 gallons),  is  equipped with a
        permanent submerged  fill pipe.
   (10) Into or from any stationary container located in the
        Joshua Tree Area or  the Palo  Verde Area,  if such contain-
        er is equipped with  a permanent submerged fill pipe.

(e)  Compliance Schedule
    The owner/operator of any gasoline storage and dispensing
    facility subject to subparagraph  (c) (4)  of this rule shall
    comply with the rule in  accordance with the  following
    schedule:
    (1) Submit   :   March 1,  1981
    (2) Negotiate:   May 1,  1981
    (3) Initiate :   August 1,  1981
    (4) Complete :   September 1,  1981
    (5) Assure   :   October  1,  1981

(f)  Definitions
    For the purpose of this  rule,  the following  definitions are
    included:
    (1) "Gasoline vapors"  means the organic  compounds in the
         displaced vapors,  including  any entrained liquid gas-
         oline.
    (2) A "motor vehicle"  is  any self-propelled  vehicle regis-
        tered or which requires registration for  use  on the
        highway.
    (3) A "gasoline storage  and dispensing facility"  means
        an aggregate of one  or  more stationary storage con-
        tainers,  any of which is  subject  to  the  provisons of
        paragraphs (a)  or  (b)  of this rule,  together  with
        dispensers and control  equipment  required by  the
        rule.
    (4) For purposes of subparagraph  (c)(4)  and  paragraph (e),
        an owner/operator  will  be considered to  be any
        individual,  corporation or organization which is
        obligated to pay for  required vapor  control systems
        whether through ownership,  lease  arrangement  or other
        contractual  obligation.
    (5) A "CARB certified" vapor  recovery system  is any Phase
        I or Phase II  vapor  recovery  system  which has been
        certified by the California Air Resources Board as
        capable of recovering  or  processing  displaced gasoline
        vapors to an efficiency of ninety-five (95) percent or
        greater.

                                -3-

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    A CAR.B certified "Teed" Phase I system shall also
    be considered to meet this definition if it was in
    operation prior to Januarv 16,  1931,  or is installed
    thereafter to comply with paragraph (c)(4) of this rule.
(6)  A "submerged fill pipe" is any  fill pipe,  the discharge
    opening of which is entirely submerged when the liquid
    level above the bottom of the container is:
    (A)  15.2 cm.  (6 inches),  for containers filled from the
        top,or
    (B)  45.7 cm.  (18 inches),  for containers filled from
        the side.
(7)  An "offset fill line" is  any liquid fill line which
    contains one or more pipe bends,  and  the horizontal
    distance between the truck delivery connection and the
    storage container fill opening  is 6.1 meters (20 feet)
    or greater.
(8)  The  following terms,  when used  in a compliance schedule
    mean :
    (A)  "Submit" means submit to the  Executive Officer a
        final control plan which describes at  a minimum the
        steps that will be taken to achieve compliance with
        the provisions of this rule.
    (B)  "Negotiate" means negotiate and sign all necessary
        contracts  for vapor control systems,  or issue orders
        for the purchase of component parts to accomplish
        the required vapor control.
    (C)  "Initiate" means initiate on-site construction or
        installation of vapor control equipment.
    (D)  "Complete" means complete on-site construction or
        installation of vapor control equipment.
    (E)  "Assure" means assure final compliance with the
        provisions of this rule.
                             -4-

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