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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section __
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 4
III. DATA EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION 7
A. General ...... 7
B. Biological Samples - Patuxent River
and Tributaries ........... 8
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
I Bottom Organism Data of the Upper and
Middle Patuxent River and Some of Its
Tributaries ...... ..... 22
II Tabulation of Bottom Organisms, Upper
and Middle Reaches of the Patuxent River
and Tributaries ............. 26
LIST OF FIGURES
Follows
Figure Page
1 Map of Study Area and Profile of Biological
Conditions ... 0 4-6
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INTRODUCTION
• A biological survey of the Patuxent Eiye:m and certain key
tributaries between the Maryland Route 97 Bridge near Hoxbvry Mills
• and the Maryland Route 4 Bridge near Wayeon!s Corner was made between
• September and November 1967„ Th^ purpose of this survey was to sup-
plement chemical an:J bacteriological data in evaluating water quality
• in the basinc The survey was performed at this part'kol.ar time of
year beea"iss; cf pre vailing l;w flow eoryi:4,i^ne ard vigh temperatures _,,
• thus showing the sonditio-TLS dvr*'rg "^ tia^ ';•* greats ~t blol^i'sl
• stresso Sa^h biological statior wai '?aaiple.i once for- the purpose of
evaluating water quality„
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• u-^aa
« jcsipet:itior* for food aod :»;'"« h.-'wev-r, t-he ''o'ai '. ^r," >or nu!
crganl-a? at a gi7°r- i'tati-.n Bisy b-"- "high t-'ft-^'S cf *>;?=• T.'.art•.<-./'
)ki w^,s ;-fcle"t?!d SL::' "^iie ir-d.l^.ator cf t'fie ticLogjogil frdioion of
the streaiDo Bottom ergfini^jas 55-r«?'a a? ^h^. T^'r'f-r'rei foco s^.^ro?; for
the .hig^e*5 ''iq^atir fo/jns ^.r,^ exhibit -rinil^'r r^a.:tiors to alver^e
stream conditions „ The; >°ombinatIOK c>f limit--'i .looeanotlon %nd life cycles
cf one voar o1" mcrro f'-v snr.j-t bentM-" ,r-;_pe.i.;.es provider mere •
tivft water qaali" «7 of s. ^tTjpri.'n0 ?ieh and al^a,.1. '0-"",co,li,t'!oii:;-
some ^oneidereti',"0, t">:t only t,o the enter4 o'Oat orvio\.5 :-:n"l^,3i^T
coald be dr-awr cased \;porj ca--r->"i,l obse :v,5,t:i :T«-J 0
in unpolluted itr^am?,, %, wide vai-iety of sensitive clear.-
are etoneflie.-~. m^yflios, an-i '-iddi-'-fli
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Sensitive genera (kinds) tend to be eliminated by adverse environ-
mental conditions (e,g0, chemical and/or physical) resulting from wastes
reaching the stream 0 In waters enriched with organic wastes, comparatively
• fewer kinds are normally found, but great numbers of these genera may be
present. Organic pollution-tolerant forms such as sltidgeworais , rattailed
• maggots, certain species of bloodworms (red midges),, certain leeches, and
• some spesies of air-breathing snails may multiply and become abundant
because of a favorable habitat and food supply. These organic pollution™
• tolerant bottom organisms may also exist in the natural environment but
are generally found in small numbers , The abundance of these forms in
• streams heavily polluted with organics is due to their physiological and
• morphological abilities to survive environmental conditions more adverse
than conditions that may be tolerated by other organisms, Under- conditions
• where Inert silts or organic sludges blanket the stream bottom, the natural
home of bottom organisms is destroyed, causing a reduction in the number
| of kinds of organisms present,
• In addition to sensitive anri pollution-tolerant forxns, a cms
bottom organisms may be termed intermediates, in that they ?;re capable
• of living in fairly heavily polluted areas as well as in clean-water sit-
uations, These organisms occurring in limited numbers, therefore,
p cannot serve as effective Indicators of water quality,
_ Streams grossly polluted with toxic wastes such as mine drainage
™ will support little, if any, biological life and will reduce the popu-
flj latlon of both sensitive and pollution -tolerant organisms,
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Classification of organisms in this report Is considered in
three categoriesi clean-water associated, intermediate and pollution-
tolerant. This provides sufficient biological Information to supplement
• physical and chemical water quality data for the study area,, Tentative
identification and counts of specific organisms, which were tabulated
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for use during intensive investigations of selected areas, are
attached„
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II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. A biological survey of the upper Patuxent River and certain
key tributaries between the Maryland Route 97 Bridge near Roxbury
Mills and the Maryland Route 4 Bridge near Wayson's Corner was made
• between September 5 and November 27, 1967„ Samples were collected from
18 stations on the main stem of the Patuxent River and from 17 stations
on six tributaries„
20 Bottom organisms were selected as the primary indicators
of biological water quality„
• 3o Excellent water quality was found in the Patuxent River at
the Maryland Route 97 Bridge as evidenced by the 15 genera (kinds) of
I bottom organisms| however, water quality was only fair at the Maryland
Route 108 Bridge downstream near Highland where the number of genera
had been reduced to five,,
B 4o Poor biological conditions were found to exist downstream
from the Rocky Gorge Dam (Station 3) to Station 4, which was located
| approximately 20 yards upstream from Walker Branch,
_ 5. Fair biological conditions were found upstream from the
™ old Maryland Route 216 Bridge at the Laurel Swimming Pool (Station 6).
• The number of genera had increased to 10 at this station.
6. Walker Branch contributed poor quality water to the
• Patuxent River between Station 4 &nd Station 60
70 Poor biological conditions existed in the Patuxent River
• at the new Maryland Route 216 Bridge (Station 7).
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8. The Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted between
the Maryland Route 198 Bridge (Station 8) and Lemon's Bridge Road at
Fort Meade (Station 11).
• 9. Fair biological conditions were evident at the railroad
bridge downstream from Lemmon's Road where 14 genera of bottom organisms
• were found.
• 10. Mild pollution was found between the bridge behind the Bowie
Race Track (Station 13) and the foot bridge at the Belair landfill
I (Station 14), which is located upstream from the confluence with the
Little Patuxent River,
I 11„ The Little Patuxent River contributed mildly polluted water
m to the Patuxent River.
12. The Middle Patuxent River contributed good quality water
• to the Little Patuxent River in the upper reach.
13 „ Good water quality was found in the Little Patuxent River
B at the U. S. Route 1 Bridge (Station 17) downstream from Savage.
g| 14. Downstream, Hammond Branch contributed only fair quality
water to the Little Patuxent River, while Dorsey Run contributed gross
• organic pollution,
15, The water quality in the Little Patuxent River was reduced
| to only fair conditions at the Washington-Baltimore Parkway (Station 22),
— This is undoubtedly due to flow from Dorsey Run.
* 16 „ The Little Patuxent River had recovered to the point of
• good water quality at the Simond's Bridge at Fort Meade (Station 23).
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* 17, Downstream at the Old Forge Bridge at Fort Meade, water
fl quality was reduced to only fair conditions due to the effluent from a
sewage treatment plant upstream,
• 18. Good water quality had been restored at Station 25, which
was located approximately 100 yards downstream from the Woodwardville
™ Bridge at Fort Meade„
• 19o Downstream, mild pollution was contributed to the Little
Patuxent by Towser's Branch0
I 20o The Little Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted
from the Maryland Route 424 Bridge to its mouth near the Maryland
" Route 3 Bridge,
• 21, The Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted from
the Maryland Route 3 Bridge (Station 31) to the Maryland Route 214
• Bridge west of Davidsonville, Maryland,
220 Fair water quality conditions were found downstream at
• the Queen Anne's Bridge near Hardesty, Maryland, as evidenced by the
• 13 genera of bottom organisms„
23o However, at the last station (No, 35) at the Maryland
• Route 4 Bridge mild pollution was again indicated,
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III. DATA EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION
I A. General
•p The Patuxent River was sampled between the Maryland Route 97
Bridge near Roxbury Mills and the Maryland Route 4 Bridge west of
• Wayson's Corner, in order to evaluate the biological conditions of
the stream and to supplement chemical and bacteriological data.
| Walker Branch, a small tributary which flows into the Patuxent down-
_ stream from the Rocky Gorge Dam, was sampled at its mouth.
* The principal tributary, the Little Patuxent River, was sampled
• quite extensively. The tributaries to the Little Patuxent which were
sampled were the Middle Patuxent River, Hammond Branch, Dorsey Run
g and Towser's Branch.
— A total of 35 stations were sampled in this study of the Upper
* and Middle Patuxent River Basin,,
B Sampling stations were located after consideration of the
following conditions :
g 1. Effects of tributaries
_ 20 Areas having a known waste problem
™ 3, Physical capability for sampling
• Bottom organisms are animals that live directly in association
with the bottom of a water course. They may crawl on, burrow in, or
• attach themselves to the bottom, Macroorganisms are usually defined as
those organisms that will be retained by a No. 30 sieve. In essence, the
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organisms retained by the sieve are those that are visible to the
unaided eye.
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Each station was sampled once and the kinds of macro bottom
I organisms were identified and tabulated for the purpose of evaluating
water quality.
| Quantitative bottom samples were also taken using a Surber
— square foot sampler, an Ekman dredge (0.5 sq, ft.)* or a Petersen
* dredge (0,6 sq, ft,), and the numbers of organisms per square foot
• were counted or calculated.
Quantitative samples were not taken at some stations because
g physical sampling conditions were poor or organisms were very sparse.
• B. Biological Samples - Patuxent River and Tributaries
Station #1 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 97 Bridge near
ff Roxbury Mills.
There is an excellent riffle area and a low-level dam im-
M mediately downstream from the bridge. The water was extremely cold
and clear and moss was present on some of the rocks. Excellent bio-
™ logical conditions were indicated by the 15 genera of bottom
• organisms which included good mayfly (3 genera) and caddisfly (4 gen-
era) populations. Other clean-water associated organisms included
• stoneflies and riffle beetles. Although the square foot sample was
not very productive and only 18 bottom organisms were collected, 13
• of them were clean-water forms. Excellent water quality was indicated
• at this station,
Station #2 - Patuxent River at the Snell Bridge on Maryland Route 108
^ near Highland,
The water was slightly turbid but minnows were observed,
V Bottom organisms were very sparse and a quantitative sample was not
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• taken for this reason,, Only five genera, of bottom organisms were
• found, which consisted of mayflies (2 genera), crayfish, a leech and
blackfly larvae. The only explanation that can be offered for the
• poor bottom organism population is a low water discharge from the
Tridelphia Reservoir located upstream since the known chemical and
• bacteriological data on this rural location offer no explanation,,
• Only fair biological conditions were indicated at this location,
Station #3 - Ratuxent River approximately 50 yards downstream
». from the Rocky Gorge Reservoir.,
The water was clear but the rocks were all coated a reddish
• orange„ However, the pH was 7,1, conductivity was 96 mho and iron
was only 0.8 mg/1, indicating that there was no mine drainage problem,
P The only bottom organisms present were blackflies and three genera of
— intermediate midges. The blackflies were extremely abundant„ A
* quantitative sample was not taken because of the large bedrock sub-
B strate which would not permit a meaningful sample„ The poor bottom
organism population is attributed to the low water discharge from the
J[ Rocky Gorge Reservoir located upstream. This drastic change in the
— ecology of the receiving stream by low water discharges has been sub-
™ stantiated by studies in the TYA system,
I Station j& - Batuxent River approximately 20 yards upstream from
Walker Branch„
M The water was slightly turbid and the bottom was soft,,
Bottom organisms were sparse and only two genera of air-breathing
• snails plus a genus of an intermediate midge were present„ A quanti-
tative sample was not taken because of the sparse population. Poor
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biological conditions continue from upstream. This is still believed
to be a result of a low level discharge from the Rocky Gorge Reservoir,
Station #fi - Walker Branch (tributary to the Patuxent River) at
its mouth west of Laurel,
The water was very turbid and bottom organisms were very sparse.
Only a few midge larvae of an intermediate genus could be found. Sedi-
ment was very heavy at the mouth and this could be the result of the
backwash from the filters of the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commis-
sion pumping station on Rocky Gorge Reservoir, Thi~ backwash is stored
in a lagoon off Walker Branch bat It it released to the evreaHi when the
lagoon is filled, although usually during periods of high flow. Chlorine
is used on the filters. Poor water quality was contributed to the
Pattixent River by Walker Branch „
Station #6 - Patuxetrt River at the Laurel Swimming Pool limned lately
•upstream from the old Maryland Route 216 Bridge,
An excellent riffle ar-ea exi-te'L wr£. *he avatar was> clear.
Fair bit-logical conditions were in~.loafed by the 10 genera of bottom
orgari^mSo -"hey ir.'l-ucted s;r;h ol^d-i-we?.* fr ••s<;v-eo'l,at>e;d _*Vrznf as may-
flies (2 genera; and ca "id! =• f 1 i es , Only 1,3 tj'ttosn c'r'ga.nirfns were found
in the square foot, >-ample which corif i-iei oi" &.Ix intermediate inidge
larvae, a tlackfly isrva^, five pclruticfr^-tolerant bri,5t-l.ewcrms and a
roundworm. Based on the kr'.owTi water chemistry and bacteriological
data, it would appear that the inhibiting factor is- probably still the
low water discharge from the reservoir upstream,
Station #1 - The Patuxent River at tne new Sferyland Route 216 Bridge
near Laurel„
The watei" wa^. fairly clear- but tct^-om organisms were sparse
and only two genera were found, which consi«tad of clean-water
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associated caddisflies and intermediate blackflies„ Only four caddis-
• flies and one blackfly were present in the square foot sample. Poor
biological conditions may be attributed to a shifting sand bottom and
jj storm drains emptying into the Patuxent upstream.
I Station #8 - Patuxent River at the Route 198 Bridge downstream
from Laurel„
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The stream was clear but bottom organisms were sparse and only
sludgeworms could be found. Only four sludgeworms were taken in the
square foot sample. Mild pollution was indicated based on the bottom
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organisms and known chemical and bacteriological data,
• Station #9 - Patuxent River at the Brock Bridge Road, This is located
* a short distance upstream from the Baltimore-Washington
Parkway,
• The water was slightly turbid and bottom organisms were sparse,
• The only bottom organisms found were sludgeworms and only 29 were col-
lected in the square foot sample. The low productivity may be due in
• part to the shifting sand bottom, but based on the bottom organisms and
the known chemical and bacteriological data, mild pollution was indi-
| cated at this station,
I Station #10 -Patuxent River at the Duvall Bridge in the Patuxent
Wildlife Refuge,
The current was very slow in this area. Only two genera of
B bottom organisms were found and they were very sparse. The square
• foot sample consisted of 14 sludgeworms and two true fly larvae. The
shifting sand bottom may be partially responsible for the poor benthic
population; however, poor chemical and bacteriological data have also
'been recorded at this location. The Maryland Department of Water
Resources has recorded DO as low as 2,8 mg/1 and BOD as high as 22 mg/1
at this station. Based on the benthic samples and the chemical
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and bacteriological data, this station was classified as mildly
polluted„
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Station #11 - Patuxent River at the Leramon's Bridge Road at Fort
_ Meade „
The water was extremely turbid and the bottom was very mucky.
• Only two genera of bottom organisms were present. They consisted
of pollution-tolerant sludgewoms and intermediate sow-bugs. There
were 18 sludgeworms and one sow-bug in the square foot sample,
Mild pollution was atiLl Indicated at this station „
Station. #12 - Patuxent River at the railroad bridge downstream
from Leamon ' -? Road „
The water was fairly clear and an eel was observed at this
station,, Vegetation and riffles were absent, with the bottom being
composed primarily of large rocks, For this reason a quantitative
• sample was not taken. However, 14 genera of bottom organisms were
sampled which included auch cleat;-w-a.Te:r forms as caddis flies (2 gen-
| era), a fish fly and a gill-br^s+hlng fcnail. Intermediate forms con-
• sisted of scud?, acw-bugs, da/Bae.l fliA*^ flatworms'^ and two genera of
intermedia tie midge larvae. Pollution-tolerant forms consisted of two
• genera of leeches ar.d tny.*j genera of & i:r-breathir^ snails. Based on
the bottom organism* and known chemical and bacteriological data,
| fair biological condition? appeared, tc exist at this location.
Station #13 - Pat^ixent River at the bridge behind the Bowie Race
Bottom organisms were generally sparse and only sludgeworms
and another genus of bristleworm could be found 0 The square .-foot,
sample consisted of 129 sladgeworms and three of these bristleworms.
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Based on imown DC) as low as 308 mg/1, BCJD as high as 11 „! nig/1 and the
_ above benthie data, mild pollution was suggested at this station.
Station _#1_4 - Patuxent River at the foot bridge at the Belair landfill
•upstream from the confluence with the Little Paturent
River,
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The water was somewhat turbid and a strong sewage odor was
I presentc, Part of this may be due to drainage from the landfill, al-
though the Bowie-Bel-air Sewage Treat-merit Plant is just upstream. Only
" four genera of bottom organisms were present» The square foot sample
• consisted of 38 sludgeworate, 10 fistworms, f"our sow-bugs and two
scuds, The bottom was soft and ihere waa a great deal of brush in the
I stream. Based on the above bentbic data, known PO as low as 3*0 mg/1,
BOD as high as 10 mg/1 and bacteriological data, this statian was
• classed «-s mildly- polluted0
I Station j^lg - Middle Patuxent River a* the Maryland Route 108 Bridge
neyr "larksvilie0
« The water WH-. extr'r-.rae,l,y clear g;t>'i such clean-water associated
forms af? eaddi,?:flis* (5 genera,;1, mayflies (6 genera), stone flies
B (2 genera^. bellg^'aaHniie-?' and riffle beetles (2 gentem) were present„
Twenty-two g^r/er* oil bottom ergsrn.sms wer-^ sampled,, with the clean-
| water forms m-akirig up 76 peraen1' of the 1^,104 orgmriPfflg; collected in
_ the square foot sample 0 The above ben^hic dat-a pla^ known chemical and
™ bacteriological data indicated extr^aiely high water quality at this
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station. This loefett?.^ undoubtedly had the Tbe^t water quality of all the
stations sampled during this biological study and could be recommended
as a control station.
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Station #1.6 - Middle Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 32 Bridge
at S imps onvi lie .
The water remained clear at this station and a hog-nose
sucker was observed „ Goiod water quality was still indicated, based
—
" on the benthie population plus the known water chemistry and bac-
teriological data0 However, there had been a drastic change from
the upstream station although habitat and -sampling conditions were
very similar. The number of genera, had dropped to 12 from 22 up-
stream and the number of organisms per square foot had been reduced
* to 4? as compared with 1,104 upstream. The dominance had changed from
clean-water to intermediate forms , Clean-water associated stoneflies,
riffle beetles and hellgrammites found upstream were absent , May-
flies were sparse and only one genus was found as contrasted with
six upstream „ None was found in the quantitative sample compared
to 43 upstream. It is recommended that an investigation be made of
possible discharges of heavy metals or pesticides between this and
•
the upstream station. However, good quality water is still con-
•
trlbuted to t-he Little Patient River,
StaMoiLjlZ - T"he Little Patuxent River at the t;, S. Route 1
Bridge downstream from Savage.
Numerous minnow;? and darter,?, (small members of the perch
family) were readily observed in the clear water. Although only two
bristlewerms were collected in the square foot s ample ^ good popu-
lations of mayflies (2 genera) a,nd caddis flies (2 genera) were also
present based on qualitative sampling, Oxher organisms consisted of
the intermediate dragonflies, crayfish,, the pollution-tolerant
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bristleworms (2 genera) and air-breathing snails. Based on known water
chemistry and the benthic population, good water quality was indicated.
Station #18 - Hammond Branch at the U. S. Route 1 Bridge northeast of
Laurel„
The water was clear with some dead filamentous algae on the
• rocks. Organisms were generally sparse and for this reason a quantitative
sample was not taken. Only five genera of bottom organisms were present
• which included such clean-water associated forms as caddisflies (3 genera)
and mayflies. A pollution-tolerant air-breathing snail was also found.
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Only fair quality water was contributed to the Little Patuxent River.
Station #1$ - Dorsey Run at the Dorsey Run Road upstream from the
Maryland House of Correction near Jessup.
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The water was clear and numerous minnows were observed through-
• out the area. Good water quality was indicated by the 16 genera of
• bottom organisms which included such clean-water forms as stoneflies,
mayflies (2 genera) and caddisflies (3 genera). Although only 22 bottom
I organisms were collected in the square foot sample, 14 of them were
the above clean-water forms. The balance was made up of intermediate
• midges (3 genera), dams elflies, dragonflies, beetle larvae, crayfish,
• pollution-tolerant air-breathing snails (2 genera) and smoky
alderflies„
• Station #20 - Dorsey Run at the bridge on the road to the Maryland
* State Reformatory for Women near Jessup.
The water was extremely dark and a strong sewage odor was
presento Only three genera of pollution-tolerant bottom organisms
were found„ The square foot sample consisted of 753 sludgeworms, 701
bloodworms and 64 mosquito larvae. The source of this pollution was
traced to the Maryland House of Correction's farm operations. The
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P waste load flowed into a small tributary on the property of the Mary-
_ land House of Correction which entered Dorsey Run a short distance
™ upstream from the effluent of their sewage treatment plant. Gross
• organic pollution was present at this station.
Station #21 - Dorsey Run at the bridge on Maryland Route 32,
J The water was still slightly turbid and a faint sewage odor
prevailed. A tremendous sludgeworm population was present in the gravel
• and 3,760 were present in the square foot sample. The balance of the
• quantitative sample consisted of 321 intermediate midge larvae, eight
bloodworms and three fly larvae. These four genera were the only
• organisms found. Gross pollution was still indicated and polluted
water was contributed to the Little Patuxent River.
• Station #22 - Little Patuxent River at the Washington-Baltimore
Parkway.
| This station was located approximately 100 yards downstream
_ from Dorsey Run. The Little Patuxent River was very turbid where
Dorsey Run entered, but the load was soon diluted by the greater
• flow in the Little Patuxent River, Only four genera of bottom orga-
nisms were present but they included clean-water caddisflies
P (2 genera) and mayflies. The other form present was the dragonfly.
_ Fair biological conditions were indicated by the known chemical and
* bacteriological data and the benthic population. It appears that
the water quality would be higher if Dorsey Run were cleaned up.
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Station #23 - Little Patuxent River at the Simond's Bridge at
« Fort Meade.
The water was clear and minnows and fishermen were observed.
• There is an excellent riffle below the bridge. Good water quality
was indicated by the 11 genera of bottom organisms, which included
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• such clean-water forms as stoneflies, mayflies (4 genera) and eaddis-
flies (3 genera). Only 17 organisms per square foot were collected but
» qualitative sampling indicated an excellent mayfly population and a
• fair caddis fly population. Chemical data appear to substantiate the
water quality evaluation of this station,, The poor quality water from
Dorsey .Run appears to be overcome at this point,
•
Station #24 - Little Patuxent River at the Old Forge Bridge at
it Fort Meade 0
The water was clear but there was a faint sewage odor. This
• was evidently the result of a poor effluent coming from the Fort Meade
Sewage Treatment Plant No0 2, which enters upstream approximately
™ 50 yards downstream from the Simond's Bridge 0 The bottom of the stream
• where this effluent enters was blac"k and there was a strong sewage odor.
By the time it reached the Old Forge Bridge it had been diluted eon-
• siderably0 The number of genera of bottom organisms at this station
^ was seven compared to 11 upstream „ While mayflies (3 genera) and caddis -
• flies were present, the dominant bottom organisms were sludgeworms,
• which made up 28 of the 36 organisms in the square foot sample „ Based
on occasional high BOD and this benthic population,, only fair bio-
• logical conditions were indicated,
Station #25 - Little Patuxent River approximately 100 yards down-
I stream from the Woodwardville Bridge at Fort Meade .
The water was clear and there was an excellent riffle. The
| genera of bottom organisms had increased to 10 from the seven upstream.
_ Clean-water associated forms included mayflies (3 genera), caddisflies
™ and hellgrammites „ Only 21 organisms were col lected in the square
• foot sample which was dominated by 13 intermediate midge larvae „
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I However, the qualitative sample indicated a fair mayfly population and
• four were collected in the quantitative sample. Good water quality was
suggested at this location„
• Station #26 - Towser's Branch upstream from the TJ0 S. Naval Academy
Da-i-mr Vfirm H-riapV
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Dairy Farm Creek
The water was clear and a few minnows were observed. Fair
biological conditions were indicated by the five genera of bottom
• organisms which included mayflies and caddisflies.
Station #27 - Towser's Branch downstream from the U0 S. Naval Academy
• Dairy Farm Creek„
The water was clear, but there was a slight drop in water
| quality from the upstream station. Only four genera of bottom orga-
« nisms were found but these did include a few mayflies„ The other
organisms consisted of intermediate damselflies and organic pollution-
• tolerant smoky alderfly larvae and an air-breathing snail. Mild
pollution was suggested at this station,
| Station #28 - Towser's Branch at Waugh Chapel Road downstream from
the U. S0 Naval Academy Dairy Farm Creek.
• The water was somewhat cloudy and a definite odor was present
from cow manure and urine„ Only six genera of bottom organisms were
I present which included two genera of caddisflies. However, the
m dominant bottom organisms present were organic pollution-tolerant
bloodworms (Tendipes sp.), which made up 278 of the 308 organisms in
• the square foot sample. Considering that the quantitative sample was
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taken in gravel, this amount was quite substantial. Towser's Branch
contributed a mild pollutional load to the Little Patuxent River.
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• Station #29 - The Little Patuxent River at the Route 424 Bridge.
• In spite of clear water the bottom organisms were extremely
sparse. Only an intermediate midge larva was found and only two
• were in the square foot sample. Part of this may be due to the
shifting sand bottom. However, occasional low DO and high BOD have
B been recorded at this station. Based on this and the low benthic
m population, mild pollution was indicated at this location.
Station #30 - Little Patuxent River approximately 100 yards
upstream from the mouth near the Maryland Route 3
• Bridge,
The river was turbid and deep and a faint sewage odor was
| present. Only five genera of bottom organisms were found, consisting
« of organic pollution-tolerant sludgeworms and another bristleworm,
plus the intermediate sow-bugs, scuds and damselflies. This station
I is downstream from the Patuxent Sewage Treatment Plant. Based on
occasional low DO and high BOD, plus the low benthic population, a
mild pollutional load was contributed to the Patuxent River.
_ Station #31 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 3 Bridge.
The water was turbid and only two genera of bottom organisms
I consisting of sludgeworms and an intermediate midge larva were found.
Twenty sludgeworms and six midge larvae were collected in the square
• foot sample. This poor benthic population, plus occasional low DO
and high BOD, indicated mild pollution at this station.
• Station #32 - Patuxent River at the U. S. Routes 301 and 50 bridge
west of Annapolis,
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The river was deep and channeled and there were no riffle
areas„ Based on dredge sampling, only four genera of bottom organisms
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20
could be found, They consisted of fly larvae (2 genera),, an intermed-
_ late midge and sludgeworms,, The square foot sample consisted of six
I
intermediate midge larvae, four fly larvae and two sludgeworms„ Occa-
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sional low DO and high BOD also indicated mild pollution,,
Station #33 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 214 Bridge west
of
The only bottom organisms found were sludgeworms and these
• were sparse. The square foot sample consisted of four sludgeworms „
Occasional high BGD's are recorded here,, Mild pollution was still
• indicated „
Station #36. - Patuxent River approximately 100 yards downstream
from the Queen Anne's Bridge near Hardesty0
— The river was clear and fishermen were observed upstream
' catching yellow perch ( Perca f laveecens ) . Thirteen genera of bottom
• organisms were found, which consisted of 3°jeh clean-water forms as
caddis flies and mayflies „ Intermediate midges, flatworms^ fingernail
• clams y scuds, daniselflies and dragotiflies were also present „ Pollution-
tolerant fcrms consisted of sludgeworms, bristleworms (2 genera) and
• two genera of air -breathing snaila „ Fingernail clams were the
• dominant- form and made up 36 of the 76 organisms in the square foot
sample „ The balance was made up of 23 brie'tiewGrms , 14 caddis flies,
I one flatworm, one scud and onft air-breathing snail „ Fair water
quality was indicated «t this station,
Station #35 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 4 Bridge„
The water was deep and qualitative sampling had to be con-
fined along the barks„ Fifhermen were al^o observed at this locationc
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21
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Seven genera of bottom organisms were collected, which consisted of
intermediate midge^ scuds, sow-bugs (2 genera) and beetles. Organic
pollution-tolerant kinds consisted of sludgeworms and leeches. Sludge-
• worms were dominant, comprising 172 of the 184 organisms in the square
foot sample„ This area is also subject to occasional low DO, high BOD,
I and high bacteriological counts. Based on this information, mild
M pollution was suggested.
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22
TABLE I
Sta.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
BOTTOM ORGANISM DATA OF THE
AND SOME OF
Bottom
No. of
Location Kinds
Patuxent River at Md0 15
Rt. 97 Bridge near
Roxbury Mills
Patuxent River at Snell 5
Bridge on Md, Rt. 108
near Highland
Patuxent River approxi- 4
mately 50 yards down-
stream from Rocky Gorge
Reservoir
Patuxent River approxi- 3
mately 20 yards upstream
from Walker Branch
Walker Branch (trib. to 1
Patuxent River) at its
mouth west of Laurel
Patuxent River at the 10
Laurel Swimming Pool im-
mediately upstream from
old Md0 Rt. 216 Bridge
Patuxent River at the new 2
Md, fit. 216 Bridge near
Laurel
Patuxent River at Md0 Rt= 1
198 Bridge downstream
from Laurel
Patuxent River at Brock 1
Bridge Road
Patuxent River at Duvall 2
Bridge in the Patuxent
Wildlife Refuge
Patuxent River at Lem- 2
man's Road at Ft, Meade
UPPER AND
MIDDLE PATUXENT
RIVER
ITS TRIBUTARIES
Organisms
No. Per
Sq. Ft.
18
Not
taken
Not
taken
Not
taken
Not
taken
13
5
4
29
16
19
Dominant
Forms
Mayflies
Caddis flies
Riffle Beetles
Mayflies
Blackflies
Air-breathing
Snails
Intermediate
Midge
Caddis flies
Intermediate
Midges
Blackflies
Caddis flies
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
Indicated
Water
Quality
Excellent
Fair bio-
logical
conditions
Poor bio-
logical
conditions
Poor bio-
logical
conditions
Poor
Fair
Poor
Mild pollu-
tion
Mild pollu-
tion
Mild pollu-
tion
Mild pollu-
tion
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Sta.
No.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Location
Patuxent River at
railroad bridge down-
stream from Lemmon's
Road
Patuxent River at
bridge behind the
Bowie Race Track
Patuxent River at
foot bridge at the
Belair landfill up-
stream from the con-
fluence with the
Little Patuxent
River
Middle Patuxent River
at Md, Rt. 108 Bridge
near Clarksville (trib.
to the Little Patuxent
River)
Middle Patuxent River
at Mdc Rt. 32 Bridge
Little Patuxent River
at U.S. Rt. 1 Bridge
downstream from Savage
Hammond Branch at U.S.
Rt. 1 Bridge (trib. to
the Little Patuxent
River)
Dorsey Run at Dorsey
Run Road upstream from
Jessup (trib. to Little
Patuxent River)
TABLE I (Continued)
Bottom Organisms
No. of No. Per Dominant
Kinds Sq. Ft. Forms
14 Not Damselflies
taken Sow-bugs
Leeches
Air-breathing
Snails
2 132 Sludgeworms
4 54 Sludgeworms
Flatworms
22 1,104 Caddisflies
Intermediate
Midges
Blackflies
Riffle Beetles
Mayflies
12 47 Intermedia^
Midges
True flies
Mayflies
9 2 Mayflies
Air-breathing
Snails
5 Not Caddisflies
taken Air-breathing
Snails
16 22 Caddisflies
Mayflies
Intermediate
Midges
23
Indicated
Water
Quality
Fair
Mild
pollution
Mild
pollution
Excellent
Good
Good
Fair/
-I
Good
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Sta.
No.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
TABLE
Bottom
No. of
Location Kinds
Dorsey Run at bridge 3
on the road to Md.
State Reformatory
for Women near
Jessup
Dorsey Run at the 4
bridge at Md. Rt. 32
Little Patuxent River 4
at the Washington-
Baltimore Parkway
Little Patuxent River 11
at Simond's Bridge
at Ft, Meade (trib. to
Patuxent River)
Little Patuxent River 7
at Old Forge Bridge at
Ft. Meade
Little Patuxent River 10
approximately 100 yards
downstream from the
Woodward ville Bridge at
Ft. Meade (trib. to the
Patuxent Siver)
Towser's Branch upstream 5
from the U.S. Naval
Academy Dairy Farm Creek
Towser's Branch down- 4
stream from the U.S. Naval
Academy Dairy Farm Creek
Towser's Branch at Waugh 6
Chapel Road downstream
from the U.S. Naval
Academy Farm Creek (trib.
to the Little Patuxent
River)
I (Continued)
Organisms
No. Per
Sq. Ft.
1,518
4,092
Not
taken
17
36
21
Not
taken
Not
taken
308
Dominant
Forms
S ludgeworms
Bloodworms
S ludgeworms
Caddis flies
Mayflies
Mayflies
Caddis flies
S ludgeworms
Mayflies
Caddis flies
Mayflies
Intermediate
Midges
Mayflies
Caddis flies
Dams elf lies
Dams elf lies
Smoky alder-
flies
Bloodworms
Intermediate
Midges
24
Indicated
Water
Quality
Gross
organic
pollution
Gross
organic
pollution
Fair
Good
Fair
Good
Fair
Mild
pollution
Mild
pollution
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1
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1
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1
TABLE I (Continued)
Bottom Organisms
Sta. No. of No. Per
No. Location Kinds Sq,, Ft.
29 Little Patuxent River 1 2
at Md. fit. 424 Bridge
30 Little Patuxent River 5 Not
approximately 100 taken
yards upstream from
the mouth near Md0
Rt. 3 Bridge (trib.
to the Patuxent River)
31 Patuxent River at Md0 2 26
Rt, 3 Bridge
32 Patuxent River at the 4 12
U.S. Rts0 301 and $0
Bridge west of Annapolis
33 Patuxent River at Md0 1 4
Rt. 214 Bridge west of
Davids onville
34 Patuxent River approxi- 13 76
mately 100 yards down-
stream from the Queen
Anne's Bridge near
Hardesty
35 Patuxent River at Md0 7 184
Rt0 4 Bridge west of
Wayson's Corner
Dominant
Forms
Intermediate
Midges
Sow -bugs
Damselflies
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
Intermediate
Midges
Sludgeworms
True fly larvi
Intermediate
Midges
Sludgeworms
Fingernail
Clams
Gaddisflie-3
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
25
Indicated
Water
Quality
Mild
pollution
Mild
pollution
Mild
pollution
Mild pollU'
je tion
Mild
pollution
Fair
Mild
pollution
-------
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