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                          TABLE OF CONTENTS



Section                                                    __


   I.      INTRODUCTION	      1


  II.      SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS   .	      4


 III.      DATA EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION	      7


              A.  General ......  	      7


              B.  Biological Samples - Patuxent River
                  and Tributaries ...........      8




                           LIST OF TABLES

Table                                                      Page


   I       Bottom Organism Data of the Upper and
           Middle Patuxent River and Some of Its
           Tributaries ...... 	 .....      22


  II       Tabulation of Bottom Organisms, Upper
           and Middle Reaches of the Patuxent River
           and Tributaries  .............       26



                           LIST OF FIGURES
                                                          Follows
Figure                                                     Page

   1       Map of Study Area and Profile of Biological
           Conditions  ... 0	      4-6

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                                   INTRODUCTION
•                  A biological survey of  the Patuxent Eiye:m and certain  key
           tributaries between the Maryland Route 97 Bridge  near Hoxbvry  Mills
•         and the Maryland  Route 4 Bridge near Wayeon!s  Corner was made  between
•         September and November 1967„  Th^ purpose of this survey was to sup-
           plement chemical  an:J bacteriological data in evaluating water  quality
•         in the basinc  The survey was performed at this part'kol.ar time of
           year beea"iss; cf pre vailing l;w  flow eoryi:4,i^ne ard vigh temperatures _,,
•         thus showing the  sonditio-TLS dvr*'rg "^ tia^ ';•* greats ~t blol^i'sl
•         stresso  Sa^h biological statior wai '?aaiple.i once for- the purpose of
           evaluating water  quality„
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 •        u-^aa
 «        jcsipet:itior*  for  food aod :»;'"« h.-'wev-r, t-he ''o'ai  '. ^r," >or  nu!
           crganl-a? at a gi7°r- i'tati-.n Bisy b-"- "high t-'ft-^'S  cf *>;?=• T.'.art•.<-./'
        )ki  w^,s ;-fcle"t?!d  SL::'  "^iie ir-d.l^.ator cf t'fie ticLogjogil frdioion  of
the streaiDo   Bottom ergfini^jas 55-r«?'a a?  ^h^. T^'r'f-r'rei  foco s^.^ro?; for
the .hig^e*5 ''iq^atir fo/jns ^.r,^ exhibit  -rinil^'r r^a.:tiors  to alver^e
stream  conditions „  The; >°ombinatIOK c>f  limit--'i .looeanotlon %nd life cycles
cf one  voar  o1" mcrro f'-v snr.j-t bentM-"  ,r-;_pe.i.;.es provider mere •
tivft water qaali" «7 of s. ^tTjpri.'n0  ?ieh and al^a,.1. '0-"",co,li,t'!oii:;-
some ^oneidereti',"0, t">:t only t,o the enter4 o'Oat orvio\.5 :-:n"l^,3i^T
coald be  dr-awr cased \;porj  ca--r->"i,l obse :v,5,t:i :T«-J 0
        in unpolluted itr^am?,, %, wide vai-iety of sensitive clear.-


are etoneflie.-~. m^yflios,  an-i '-iddi-'-fli
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different

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                 Sensitive genera  (kinds) tend  to be eliminated by adverse environ-
         mental  conditions (e,g0,  chemical and/or physical)  resulting  from wastes
         reaching  the stream 0   In  waters enriched with organic wastes, comparatively
•       fewer kinds are normally  found, but great numbers of these genera may be
         present.   Organic pollution-tolerant forms such as  sltidgeworais ,  rattailed
•       maggots,  certain species  of bloodworms (red midges),, certain  leeches, and
•       some spesies of air-breathing snails may multiply and become  abundant
         because of a favorable habitat and food supply.  These organic pollution™
•       tolerant  bottom organisms may also exist in the natural  environment but
         are generally  found in small numbers ,   The abundance of  these forms in
•       streams heavily polluted  with organics is due to their physiological and
•       morphological  abilities to  survive environmental conditions more adverse
         than conditions that may  be tolerated  by other organisms,  Under- conditions
•       where Inert silts or organic sludges blanket the stream  bottom,  the natural
         home of bottom organisms  is destroyed, causing a reduction in the number
|       of kinds  of organisms  present,
•               In addition to sensitive anri pollution-tolerant  forxns, a cms
         bottom  organisms may be termed intermediates, in that they ?;re capable
•       of living in fairly heavily polluted areas as well  as in clean-water sit-
         uations,   These organisms occurring in limited numbers,  therefore,
p       cannot  serve as effective Indicators of water quality,
_               Streams grossly polluted with  toxic wastes  such  as mine  drainage
™       will support little, if any, biological life and will reduce  the popu-
flj       latlon  of both sensitive  and pollution -tolerant organisms,

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                  Classification of organisms in this report Is considered in
          three categoriesi  clean-water associated, intermediate and pollution-
          tolerant.  This provides sufficient biological Information to supplement
•        physical and chemical water quality data for the study area,,  Tentative
          identification and counts of specific organisms, which were tabulated
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          for use during intensive investigations of selected areas, are
          attached„

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                                   II.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
                  1.  A biological survey of the upper Patuxent River and certain
          key tributaries between the Maryland Route 97 Bridge near Roxbury
          Mills and the Maryland Route 4 Bridge near Wayson's Corner was made
•        between September 5 and November 27, 1967„  Samples were collected from
          18 stations on the main stem of the Patuxent River and from 17 stations
          on six tributaries„
                  20  Bottom organisms were selected as the primary indicators
          of biological water quality„
•                3o  Excellent water quality was found in the Patuxent River at
          the Maryland Route 97 Bridge as evidenced by the 15 genera (kinds) of
I        bottom organisms| however, water quality was only fair at the Maryland
          Route 108 Bridge downstream near Highland where the number of genera
          had been reduced to five,,
B                4o  Poor biological conditions were found to exist downstream
          from the Rocky Gorge Dam (Station 3) to Station 4, which was located
|        approximately 20 yards upstream from Walker Branch,
_                5.  Fair biological conditions were found upstream from the
™        old Maryland Route 216 Bridge at the Laurel Swimming Pool (Station 6).
•        The number of genera had increased to 10 at this station.
                  6.  Walker Branch contributed poor quality water to the
•        Patuxent River between Station 4 &nd Station 60
                  70  Poor biological conditions existed in the Patuxent River
•        at the new Maryland Route 216 Bridge (Station 7).

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                  8.  The Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted between
          the Maryland Route 198 Bridge (Station 8) and Lemon's Bridge Road at
          Fort Meade (Station 11).
•                9.  Fair biological conditions were evident at the railroad
          bridge downstream from Lemmon's Road where 14 genera of bottom organisms
•        were found.
•               10.  Mild pollution was found between the bridge behind the Bowie
          Race Track (Station 13) and the foot bridge at the Belair landfill
I        (Station 14), which is located upstream from the confluence with the
          Little Patuxent River,
I               11„  The Little Patuxent River contributed mildly polluted water
m        to the Patuxent River.
                 12.  The Middle Patuxent River contributed good quality water
•        to the Little Patuxent River in the upper reach.
                 13 „  Good water quality was found in the Little Patuxent River
B        at the U. S. Route 1 Bridge (Station 17) downstream from Savage.
g|               14.  Downstream, Hammond Branch contributed only fair quality
          water to the Little Patuxent River, while Dorsey Run contributed gross
•        organic pollution,
                 15,  The water quality in the Little Patuxent River was reduced
|        to only fair conditions at the Washington-Baltimore Parkway (Station 22),
—        This is undoubtedly due to flow from Dorsey Run.
*               16 „  The Little Patuxent River had recovered to the point of
•        good water quality at the Simond's Bridge at Fort Meade (Station 23).

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*                17,  Downstream at the Old Forge Bridge at Fort Meade, water
fl        quality was reduced to only fair conditions due to the effluent from a
          sewage treatment plant upstream,
•                18.  Good water quality had been restored at Station 25, which
          was located approximately 100 yards downstream from the Woodwardville
™        Bridge at Fort Meade„
•                19o  Downstream, mild pollution was contributed to the Little
          Patuxent by Towser's Branch0
I                20o  The Little Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted
          from the Maryland Route 424 Bridge to its mouth near the Maryland
"        Route 3 Bridge,
•                21,  The Patuxent River was found to be mildly polluted from
          the Maryland Route 3 Bridge (Station 31) to the Maryland Route 214
 •        Bridge west of Davidsonville, Maryland,
                  220  Fair water quality conditions were found downstream at
 •        the Queen Anne's Bridge near Hardesty, Maryland, as evidenced by the
 •        13 genera of bottom organisms„
                  23o  However, at the last station (No, 35) at the Maryland
 •        Route 4 Bridge mild pollution was again indicated,

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                            III.  DATA EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION


I        A.  General

•p                The Patuxent River was sampled between the Maryland Route 97

          Bridge near Roxbury Mills and the Maryland Route 4 Bridge west of

•        Wayson's Corner, in order to evaluate the biological conditions of

          the stream and to supplement chemical and bacteriological data.

|        Walker Branch, a small tributary which flows into the Patuxent down-

_        stream from the Rocky Gorge Dam, was sampled at its mouth.

*                The principal tributary, the Little Patuxent River, was sampled

•        quite extensively.  The tributaries to the Little Patuxent which were

          sampled were the Middle Patuxent River, Hammond Branch, Dorsey Run

g        and Towser's Branch.

 —                A total of 35 stations were sampled in this study of the Upper

 *        and Middle Patuxent River Basin,,

 B                Sampling stations were located after consideration of the

          following conditions :

 g                1.  Effects of tributaries

 _                20  Areas having a known waste problem

 ™                3,  Physical capability for sampling

 •                Bottom organisms are animals that live directly in association

          with the bottom of a water course.  They may crawl on, burrow in, or

 •        attach themselves to the bottom,  Macroorganisms are usually defined as

          those organisms that will be retained by a No. 30 sieve.  In essence, the
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organisms retained by the sieve are those that are visible to the

unaided eye.

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                  Each station was sampled once and the kinds of macro bottom

I        organisms were identified and tabulated for the purpose of evaluating

          water quality.

|                Quantitative bottom samples were also taken using a Surber

—        square foot sampler, an Ekman dredge (0.5 sq, ft.)* or a Petersen

*        dredge (0,6 sq, ft,), and the numbers of organisms per square foot

•        were counted or calculated.

                  Quantitative samples were not taken at some stations because

g        physical sampling conditions were poor or organisms were very sparse.


•        B.  Biological Samples - Patuxent River and Tributaries

          Station #1 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 97 Bridge near
ff                     Roxbury Mills.

                  There is an excellent riffle area and a low-level dam im-

M        mediately downstream from the bridge.  The water was extremely cold

          and clear and moss was present on some of the rocks.  Excellent bio-

™        logical conditions were indicated by the 15 genera of bottom

•        organisms which included good mayfly (3 genera) and caddisfly (4 gen-

          era) populations.  Other clean-water associated organisms included

•        stoneflies and riffle beetles.  Although the square foot sample was

          not very productive and only 18 bottom organisms were collected, 13

•        of them were clean-water forms.  Excellent water quality was indicated

•        at this station,

          Station #2 - Patuxent River at the Snell Bridge on Maryland Route 108
^                     near Highland,

                  The water was slightly turbid but minnows were observed,

V        Bottom organisms were very sparse and a quantitative sample was not



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•         taken for this reason,,  Only five genera, of bottom organisms were
•         found, which consisted of mayflies (2 genera),  crayfish, a leech and
           blackfly larvae.  The only explanation that can be offered for the
•         poor bottom organism population is a low water  discharge from the
           Tridelphia Reservoir located upstream since the known chemical and
•         bacteriological data on this rural location offer no explanation,,
•         Only fair biological conditions were indicated  at this location,
           Station #3 - Ratuxent River approximately 50 yards downstream
».                      from the Rocky Gorge Reservoir.,
                   The water was clear but the rocks were  all coated a reddish
•         orange„  However, the pH was 7,1, conductivity  was 96 mho and iron
           was only 0.8 mg/1, indicating that there was no mine drainage problem,
P         The only bottom organisms present were blackflies and three genera of
—         intermediate midges.  The blackflies were extremely abundant„  A
*         quantitative sample was not taken because of the large bedrock sub-
B         strate which would not permit a meaningful sample„  The poor bottom
           organism population is attributed to the low water discharge from the
J[         Rocky Gorge Reservoir located upstream.  This drastic change in the
—         ecology of the receiving stream by low water discharges has been sub-
™         stantiated by studies in the TYA system,
I           Station j& - Batuxent River approximately 20 yards upstream from
                        Walker Branch„
M                 The water was slightly turbid and the bottom was soft,,
           Bottom organisms were sparse and only two genera of air-breathing
•         snails plus a genus of an intermediate midge were present„  A quanti-
           tative sample was not taken because of the sparse population.  Poor
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biological  conditions  continue from upstream.  This is still believed

to be a result  of  a  low level discharge from the Rocky Gorge Reservoir,

Station #fi  - Walker  Branch (tributary to the Patuxent River) at
             its mouth west of Laurel,

        The water  was  very turbid and bottom organisms were very sparse.

Only a few  midge larvae of an intermediate genus could be found.  Sedi-

ment was very heavy  at the mouth and this could be the result of the

backwash from the  filters  of the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commis-

sion pumping station on Rocky Gorge Reservoir,  Thi~ backwash is stored

in a lagoon off Walker Branch bat It it released to the evreaHi when the

lagoon is filled,  although usually during periods of high flow.  Chlorine

is used on  the  filters. Poor water quality was contributed to the

Pattixent River  by  Walker Branch „

Station #6  - Patuxetrt  River at the Laurel Swimming Pool limned lately
             •upstream  from the old Maryland Route 216 Bridge,

        An  excellent riffle ar-ea exi-te'L wr£. *he avatar was> clear.

Fair bit-logical conditions were in~.loafed by the 10 genera of bottom

orgari^mSo  -"hey ir.'l-ucted  s;r;h ol^d-i-we?.* fr ••s<;v-eo'l,at>e;d _*Vrznf as may-

flies (2 genera; and ca "id! =• f 1 i es ,  Only 1,3 tj'ttosn c'r'ga.nirfns were found

in the square foot, >-ample  which corif i-iei oi" &.Ix intermediate inidge

larvae, a tlackfly isrva^,  five pclruticfr^-tolerant bri,5t-l.ewcrms and a

roundworm.  Based  on the kr'.owTi water chemistry and bacteriological

data, it would  appear  that the inhibiting factor is- probably still the

low water discharge  from the reservoir upstream,

Station #1  - The Patuxent  River at tne new Sferyland Route 216 Bridge
             near  Laurel„

        The watei"  wa^.  fairly clear- but tct^-om organisms were sparse

and only two genera  were found, which consi«tad of clean-water

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          associated caddisflies and intermediate blackflies„   Only four caddis-
•        flies and one blackfly were present in the square foot sample.  Poor
          biological conditions may be attributed to a shifting sand bottom and
jj        storm drains emptying into the Patuxent upstream.
I          Station #8 - Patuxent River at the Route 198 Bridge  downstream
                       from Laurel„
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        The stream was  clear but bottom organisms were sparse and only
 sludgeworms could be  found.  Only four sludgeworms were taken in the
 square  foot sample.   Mild pollution was indicated based on the bottom
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          organisms and known chemical and bacteriological data,
•        Station #9 - Patuxent River at the Brock Bridge Road,  This is located
*                     a short distance upstream from the Baltimore-Washington
                       Parkway,
•                The water was slightly turbid and bottom organisms were sparse,
•        The only bottom organisms found were sludgeworms and only 29 were col-
          lected in the square foot sample.  The low productivity may be due in
•        part to the shifting sand bottom, but based on the bottom organisms and
          the known chemical and bacteriological data, mild pollution was indi-
|        cated at this station,
I          Station #10 -Patuxent River at the Duvall Bridge in the Patuxent
                       Wildlife Refuge,
                  The current was very slow in this area.  Only two genera of
B        bottom organisms were found and they were very sparse.  The square
•        foot sample consisted of 14 sludgeworms and two true fly larvae.  The
          shifting sand bottom may be partially responsible for the poor benthic
 population; however, poor chemical and bacteriological data have also
'been recorded at this location.  The Maryland Department of Water
 Resources has recorded DO as low as 2,8 mg/1 and BOD as high as 22 mg/1
 at this station.  Based on the benthic samples and the chemical

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                                                                     12
and bacteriological data, this station was classified as mildly

polluted„
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          Station #11 - Patuxent River at the Leramon's Bridge Road at Fort
_                      Meade „

                  The water was extremely turbid and the bottom was very mucky.

•        Only two genera of bottom organisms were present.  They consisted
of pollution-tolerant sludgewoms and intermediate sow-bugs.  There

were 18 sludgeworms and one sow-bug in the square foot sample,

Mild pollution was atiLl Indicated at this station „
Station. #12 - Patuxent River at the railroad bridge downstream
              from Leamon ' -? Road „

        The water was fairly clear and an eel was observed at this

station,,  Vegetation and riffles were absent, with the bottom being
          composed primarily of large rocks,  For this reason a quantitative

•        sample was not taken.  However, 14 genera of bottom organisms were

          sampled which included auch cleat;-w-a.Te:r forms as caddis flies (2 gen-

|        era), a fish fly and a gill-br^s+hlng fcnail.  Intermediate forms con-

•        sisted of scud?, acw-bugs, da/Bae.l fliA*^ flatworms'^ and two genera of

          intermedia tie midge larvae.  Pollution-tolerant forms consisted of two

•        genera of leeches ar.d tny.*j genera of & i:r-breathir^ snails.  Based on

          the bottom organism* and known chemical and bacteriological data,

|        fair biological condition? appeared, tc exist at this location.

          Station #13 - Pat^ixent River at the bridge behind the Bowie Race
        Bottom organisms were generally sparse and only sludgeworms

and another genus of bristleworm could be found 0  The square .-foot,

sample consisted of 129 sladgeworms and three of these bristleworms.

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          Based on imown DC) as low as 308 mg/1, BCJD as high as  11 „!  nig/1  and the
_        above benthie data, mild pollution was suggested at this station.
          Station _#1_4 - Patuxent River at the foot bridge at the Belair landfill
                        •upstream from the confluence with the Little Paturent
                        River,
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                  The water was somewhat turbid and a strong sewage  odor was
I        presentc,  Part of this may be due to drainage from the  landfill,  al-
          though the Bowie-Bel-air Sewage Treat-merit Plant is just  upstream.  Only
"        four genera of bottom organisms were present»  The square  foot sample
•        consisted of 38 sludgeworate, 10 fistworms, f"our sow-bugs and  two
          scuds,  The bottom was soft and ihere waa a great deal  of  brush in  the
I        stream.  Based on the above bentbic data, known PO as low  as  3*0  mg/1,
          BOD as high as 10 mg/1 and bacteriological data, this statian was
•        classed «-s mildly- polluted0
I          Station j^lg - Middle Patuxent River a* the Maryland  Route  108 Bridge
                        neyr "larksvilie0
«                The water WH-. extr'r-.rae,l,y clear g;t>'i such clean-water associated
          forms af? eaddi,?:flis* (5 genera,;1, mayflies (6 genera), stone flies
B        (2 genera^. bellg^'aaHniie-?' and riffle beetles (2 gentem) were  present„
          Twenty-two g^r/er* oil bottom ergsrn.sms wer-^ sampled,,  with the  clean-
|        water forms m-akirig up 76 peraen1' of the 1^,104 orgmriPfflg; collected in
 _        the square foot sample 0  The above ben^hic dat-a pla^ known chemical and
™        bacteriological data indicated extr^aiely high water  quality at this

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          station.  This loefett?.^ undoubtedly had  the Tbe^t  water quality of all the
          stations sampled during this biological  study and could be recommended
          as a control station.

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          Station #1.6 - Middle Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 32 Bridge
                        at S imps onvi lie .

                  The water remained clear at this station and a hog-nose

          sucker was observed „  Goiod water quality was still indicated, based
—

"         on the benthie population plus the known water chemistry and bac-
           teriological data0   However,  there had been a drastic change from

           the upstream station although habitat and -sampling conditions were

           very similar.  The  number of genera, had dropped to 12 from 22 up-

           stream and the number of organisms per square foot had been reduced
 *         to 4? as compared with 1,104 upstream.  The dominance had changed from
           clean-water to intermediate forms ,   Clean-water associated stoneflies,

           riffle beetles and hellgrammites  found upstream were absent ,   May-

           flies  were sparse and only one genus was found as contrasted  with

           six upstream „   None was found in  the quantitative sample compared

           to 43  upstream.  It is recommended  that an investigation be made of

           possible discharges of heavy metals or pesticides between this and
•

          the upstream station.  However, good quality water is still con-

•
           trlbuted to t-he Little Patient River,

           StaMoiLjlZ - T"he Little Patuxent River at the t;,  S.  Route 1
                         Bridge downstream from Savage.

                   Numerous minnow;? and darter,?, (small members of the perch

           family)  were readily observed in the clear water.   Although only two


           bristlewerms were collected in the square foot s ample ^ good popu-

           lations  of mayflies  (2 genera) a,nd caddis flies (2  genera)  were also


           present  based on qualitative sampling,   Oxher organisms consisted of

           the intermediate dragonflies, crayfish,, the pollution-tolerant

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         bristleworms (2 genera) and air-breathing snails.  Based on known water

         chemistry and the benthic population, good water quality was indicated.
          Station #18 - Hammond Branch at  the U. S. Route  1 Bridge northeast of
                        Laurel„
                 The water was clear with some dead filamentous algae on the

•       rocks.  Organisms were generally sparse and for this reason a quantitative

         sample was not taken.  Only five genera of bottom organisms were present

•       which included such clean-water associated forms as caddisflies (3 genera)

         and mayflies.  A pollution-tolerant air-breathing snail was also found.

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          Only fair quality water was  contributed  to  the Little  Patuxent River.

          Station #1$ - Dorsey Run at  the  Dorsey Run  Road upstream  from the
                        Maryland House of  Correction  near Jessup.
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                 The water was clear and numerous minnows were observed through-

•       out the area.  Good water quality was indicated by the 16 genera of

•       bottom organisms which included such clean-water forms as stoneflies,

         mayflies (2 genera) and caddisflies (3 genera).  Although only 22 bottom

I       organisms were collected in the square foot sample, 14 of them were

         the above clean-water forms.  The balance was made up of intermediate

•       midges (3 genera), dams elflies, dragonflies, beetle larvae, crayfish,

•       pollution-tolerant air-breathing snails (2 genera) and smoky

         alderflies„

•       Station #20 - Dorsey Run at the bridge on the road to the Maryland
*                     State Reformatory for Women near Jessup.
                 The water was extremely dark and a strong sewage odor was

         presento  Only three genera of pollution-tolerant bottom organisms

         were found„  The square foot sample consisted of 753 sludgeworms, 701

         bloodworms and 64 mosquito larvae.  The source of this pollution was

         traced to the Maryland House of Correction's farm operations.  The

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P        waste  load flowed into a small tributary on the property of the Mary-

_        land House of Correction which entered Dorsey Run a short distance

™        upstream from the effluent of their sewage treatment plant.  Gross

•        organic pollution was present at this station.

          Station #21  - Dorsey Run at the bridge on Maryland Route 32,

J                The  water was still slightly turbid and a faint sewage odor

          prevailed.   A tremendous sludgeworm population was present in the gravel

•        and 3,760 were present in the square foot sample.  The balance of the

•        quantitative sample consisted of 321 intermediate midge larvae, eight

          bloodworms and three fly larvae.  These four genera were the only

•        organisms found.  Gross pollution was still indicated and polluted

          water  was contributed to the Little Patuxent River.

•        Station #22  - Little Patuxent River at the Washington-Baltimore
                        Parkway.

|                This station was located approximately 100 yards downstream

_        from Dorsey  Run.  The Little Patuxent River was very turbid where

          Dorsey Run entered, but the load was soon diluted by the greater

 •        flow in the  Little Patuxent River,  Only four genera of bottom orga-

          nisms  were present but they included clean-water caddisflies

 P        (2 genera) and mayflies.  The other form present was the dragonfly.

 _        Fair biological conditions were indicated by the known chemical and

 *        bacteriological data and the benthic population.  It appears that
the water quality would be higher if Dorsey Run were cleaned up.
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          Station #23 - Little Patuxent River at the Simond's Bridge at
 «                     Fort Meade.

                  The water was clear and minnows and fishermen were observed.

 •       There is an excellent riffle below the bridge.  Good water quality

          was indicated by the 11 genera of bottom organisms, which included

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•        such clean-water forms as stoneflies,  mayflies (4 genera)  and eaddis-

          flies (3 genera).  Only 17 organisms per square foot were  collected but

»        qualitative sampling indicated an excellent mayfly population and a

•        fair caddis fly population.  Chemical data appear to substantiate the

          water quality evaluation of this station,,  The poor quality water from
Dorsey .Run appears to be overcome at this point,
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          Station #24 - Little Patuxent River at the Old Forge Bridge at
it                      Fort Meade 0

                  The water was clear but there was a faint sewage odor.  This

•        was evidently the result of a poor effluent coming from the Fort Meade

          Sewage Treatment Plant No0 2, which enters upstream approximately

™        50 yards downstream from the Simond's Bridge 0   The bottom of the stream

•        where this effluent enters was blac"k and there was a strong sewage odor.

          By the time it reached the Old Forge Bridge it had been diluted eon-

 •        siderably0  The number of genera of bottom organisms at this station

 ^        was seven compared to 11 upstream „  While mayflies (3 genera) and caddis -

 •        flies were present, the dominant bottom organisms were sludgeworms,

 •        which made up 28 of the 36 organisms in the square foot sample „  Based

          on occasional high BOD and this benthic population,, only fair bio-

 •        logical conditions were indicated,

          Station #25 - Little Patuxent River approximately 100 yards down-
 I                      stream from the Woodwardville Bridge at Fort Meade .

                  The water was clear and there was an excellent riffle.  The

 |       genera of bottom organisms had increased to 10 from the seven upstream.

 _       Clean-water associated forms included mayflies (3 genera), caddisflies

 ™       and hellgrammites „  Only 21 organisms were col lected in the square

 •       foot sample which was dominated by 13 intermediate midge larvae „




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                                                                               18



I        However, the qualitative sample indicated a fair mayfly population and


•        four were collected in the quantitative sample.  Good water quality was


          suggested at this location„
•          Station #26 - Towser's Branch upstream from the TJ0 S. Naval Academy
                        Da-i-mr Vfirm H-riapV



I
                        Dairy Farm Creek


                  The water was clear and a few minnows were observed.   Fair


          biological conditions were indicated by the five genera of bottom


•        organisms which included mayflies and caddisflies.


          Station #27 - Towser's Branch downstream from the U0  S. Naval Academy
•                      Dairy Farm Creek„


                  The water was clear, but there was a slight drop in water


|        quality from the upstream station.  Only four genera of bottom orga-


«        nisms were found but these did include a few mayflies„   The other


          organisms consisted of intermediate damselflies and organic pollution-


•        tolerant smoky alderfly larvae and an air-breathing snail. Mild


          pollution was suggested at this station,


|        Station #28 - Towser's Branch at Waugh Chapel Road downstream from
                        the U. S0 Naval Academy Dairy Farm Creek.


•                The water was somewhat cloudy and a definite odor was present


          from cow manure and urine„  Only six genera of bottom organisms were


I        present which included two genera of caddisflies.  However, the


m        dominant bottom organisms present were organic pollution-tolerant


          bloodworms (Tendipes sp.), which made up 278 of the 308 organisms in


•        the square foot sample.  Considering that the quantitative sample was
 I

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          taken in gravel,  this amount was quite substantial.   Towser's Branch


          contributed a mild pollutional load to the Little Patuxent River.

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                                                                             19


•       Station #29 - The Little Patuxent  River at  the  Route  424 Bridge.

•               In spite of clear water the bottom  organisms  were  extremely

         sparse.  Only an intermediate midge larva was found and only two

•       were in the square foot sample. Part of this may be  due to  the

         shifting sand bottom.   However, occasional  low  DO and high BOD have

B       been recorded at this  station.  Based on this and the low  benthic

m       population, mild pollution was indicated at this  location.

         Station #30 - Little Patuxent River approximately 100 yards
                       upstream from the mouth near  the  Maryland Route 3
•                     Bridge,

                 The river was  turbid and deep and a faint sewage odor was

|       present.  Only five genera of bottom organisms  were found, consisting

«       of organic pollution-tolerant sludgeworms and another bristleworm,

         plus the intermediate  sow-bugs, scuds and damselflies.  This station

I       is downstream from the Patuxent Sewage Treatment  Plant.  Based on

         occasional low DO and  high BOD, plus the low benthic  population, a

         mild pollutional load  was contributed to the Patuxent River.

 _       Station #31 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route  3  Bridge.

                 The water was  turbid and only two genera  of bottom organisms

 I       consisting of sludgeworms and an intermediate midge larva  were found.

         Twenty sludgeworms and six midge larvae were collected in  the square

 •       foot sample.  This poor benthic population, plus  occasional  low DO

         and high BOD, indicated mild pollution at this  station.

 •       Station #32 - Patuxent River at the U. S. Routes  301  and 50  bridge
                       west of  Annapolis,

 I
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        The river was deep and channeled and there were no riffle

areas„  Based on dredge sampling, only four genera of bottom organisms

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                                                                              20



         could be found,  They consisted of fly larvae (2 genera),, an intermed-

_       late midge and sludgeworms,,  The square foot sample consisted of six

I
         intermediate midge larvae, four fly larvae and two sludgeworms„  Occa-
     I
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         sional low DO and high BOD also indicated mild pollution,,

         Station #33 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 214 Bridge west
                       of
                       The only bottom organisms  found were sludgeworms and these

      •        were sparse.  The square foot sample consisted of four sludgeworms „

               Occasional high BGD's  are recorded here,,  Mild pollution was still

      •        indicated „
               Station #36. - Patuxent River approximately 100 yards downstream
                             from the Queen Anne's  Bridge near Hardesty0
      —                The river was  clear and fishermen were observed upstream


      '        catching yellow perch  ( Perca f laveecens ) .  Thirteen genera of bottom

      •        organisms were found,  which consisted of 3°jeh clean-water forms as

               caddis flies and mayflies „   Intermediate midges,  flatworms^ fingernail

      •        clams y  scuds,  daniselflies  and dragotiflies were also present „   Pollution-

               tolerant fcrms consisted of sludgeworms,  bristleworms (2 genera) and

      •        two genera of air -breathing snaila „   Fingernail clams were the

      •        dominant- form and made up 36 of the  76 organisms in the square foot

               sample „  The balance was made up of  23 brie'tiewGrms , 14 caddis flies,

      I        one flatworm,  one scud and onft air-breathing snail „  Fair water


               quality was indicated  «t this station,
         Station #35 - Patuxent River at the Maryland Route 4 Bridge„

                 The water was deep and qualitative sampling had to be con-

         fined along the barks„  Fifhermen were al^o observed at this locationc

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                                                                            21
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        Seven genera  of bottom organisms were collected, which consisted of
        intermediate  midge^ scuds, sow-bugs  (2 genera) and beetles.  Organic
        pollution-tolerant kinds  consisted of sludgeworms and leeches.  Sludge-
•      worms were  dominant,  comprising 172  of the 184 organisms in the square
        foot  sample„  This area is also subject to occasional low DO, high BOD,
I      and high bacteriological  counts.  Based on this information, mild
M      pollution was suggested.

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22
TABLE I



Sta.
No.
1


2


3



4


5


6



7


8


9

10


11


BOTTOM ORGANISM DATA OF THE
AND SOME OF
Bottom
No. of
Location Kinds
Patuxent River at Md0 15
Rt. 97 Bridge near
Roxbury Mills
Patuxent River at Snell 5
Bridge on Md, Rt. 108
near Highland
Patuxent River approxi- 4
mately 50 yards down-
stream from Rocky Gorge
Reservoir
Patuxent River approxi- 3
mately 20 yards upstream
from Walker Branch
Walker Branch (trib. to 1
Patuxent River) at its
mouth west of Laurel
Patuxent River at the 10
Laurel Swimming Pool im-
mediately upstream from
old Md0 Rt. 216 Bridge
Patuxent River at the new 2
Md, fit. 216 Bridge near
Laurel
Patuxent River at Md0 Rt= 1
198 Bridge downstream
from Laurel
Patuxent River at Brock 1
Bridge Road
Patuxent River at Duvall 2
Bridge in the Patuxent
Wildlife Refuge
Patuxent River at Lem- 2
man's Road at Ft, Meade

UPPER AND
MIDDLE PATUXENT
RIVER
ITS TRIBUTARIES
Organisms
No. Per
Sq. Ft.
18


Not
taken

Not
taken


Not
taken

Not
taken

13



5


4


29

16


19



Dominant
Forms
Mayflies
Caddis flies
Riffle Beetles
Mayflies


Blackflies



Air-breathing
Snails

Intermediate
Midge

Caddis flies
Intermediate
Midges

Blackflies
Caddis flies

Sludgeworms


Sludgeworms

Sludgeworms


Sludgeworms


Indicated
Water
Quality
Excellent


Fair bio-
logical
conditions
Poor bio-
logical
conditions

Poor bio-
logical
conditions
Poor


Fair



Poor


Mild pollu-
tion

Mild pollu-
tion
Mild pollu-
tion

Mild pollu-
tion


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1







1







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1




Sta.
No.

12




13


14






15




16



17



18



19









Location

Patuxent River at
railroad bridge down-
stream from Lemmon's
Road

Patuxent River at
bridge behind the
Bowie Race Track
Patuxent River at
foot bridge at the
Belair landfill up-
stream from the con-
fluence with the
Little Patuxent
River
Middle Patuxent River
at Md, Rt. 108 Bridge
near Clarksville (trib.
to the Little Patuxent
River)

Middle Patuxent River
at Mdc Rt. 32 Bridge


Little Patuxent River
at U.S. Rt. 1 Bridge
downstream from Savage

Hammond Branch at U.S.
Rt. 1 Bridge (trib. to
the Little Patuxent
River)
Dorsey Run at Dorsey
Run Road upstream from
Jessup (trib. to Little
Patuxent River)




TABLE I (Continued)
Bottom Organisms
No. of No. Per Dominant
Kinds Sq. Ft. Forms

14 Not Damselflies
taken Sow-bugs
Leeches
Air-breathing
Snails
2 132 Sludgeworms


4 54 Sludgeworms
Flatworms





22 1,104 Caddisflies
Intermediate
Midges
Blackflies
Riffle Beetles
Mayflies
12 47 Intermedia^
Midges
True flies
Mayflies
9 2 Mayflies
Air-breathing
Snails

5 Not Caddisflies
taken Air-breathing
Snails

16 22 Caddisflies
Mayflies
Intermediate
Midges



23

Indicated
Water
Quality

Fair




Mild
pollution

Mild
pollution





Excellent




Good



Good



Fair/
-I


Good





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Sta.
No.

20




21



22


23



24



25






26



27


28








TABLE

Bottom
No. of
Location Kinds

Dorsey Run at bridge 3
on the road to Md.
State Reformatory
for Women near
Jessup
Dorsey Run at the 4
bridge at Md. Rt. 32


Little Patuxent River 4
at the Washington-
Baltimore Parkway
Little Patuxent River 11
at Simond's Bridge
at Ft, Meade (trib. to
Patuxent River)
Little Patuxent River 7
at Old Forge Bridge at
Ft. Meade

Little Patuxent River 10
approximately 100 yards
downstream from the
Woodward ville Bridge at
Ft. Meade (trib. to the
Patuxent Siver)

Towser's Branch upstream 5
from the U.S. Naval
Academy Dairy Farm Creek

Towser's Branch down- 4
stream from the U.S. Naval
Academy Dairy Farm Creek
Towser's Branch at Waugh 6
Chapel Road downstream
from the U.S. Naval
Academy Farm Creek (trib.
to the Little Patuxent
River)



I (Continued)

Organisms
No. Per
Sq. Ft.

1,518




4,092



Not
taken

17



36



21






Not
taken


Not
taken

308











Dominant
Forms

S ludgeworms
Bloodworms



S ludgeworms



Caddis flies
Mayflies

Mayflies
Caddis flies


S ludgeworms
Mayflies
Caddis flies

Mayflies
Intermediate
Midges




Mayflies
Caddis flies
Dams elf lies

Dams elf lies
Smoky alder-
flies
Bloodworms
Intermediate
Midges




24



Indicated
Water
Quality

Gross
organic
pollution


Gross
organic
pollution

Fair


Good



Fair



Good






Fair



Mild
pollution

Mild
pollution






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1







1





1

1



1
1
1
1


TABLE I (Continued)
Bottom Organisms
Sta. No. of No. Per
No. Location Kinds Sq,, Ft.

29 Little Patuxent River 1 2
at Md. fit. 424 Bridge

30 Little Patuxent River 5 Not
approximately 100 taken
yards upstream from
the mouth near Md0
Rt. 3 Bridge (trib.
to the Patuxent River)
31 Patuxent River at Md0 2 26
Rt, 3 Bridge

32 Patuxent River at the 4 12
U.S. Rts0 301 and $0
Bridge west of Annapolis

33 Patuxent River at Md0 1 4
Rt. 214 Bridge west of
Davids onville

34 Patuxent River approxi- 13 76
mately 100 yards down-
stream from the Queen
Anne's Bridge near
Hardesty
35 Patuxent River at Md0 7 184
Rt0 4 Bridge west of
Wayson's Corner









Dominant
Forms

Intermediate
Midges

Sow -bugs
Damselflies
Sludgeworms



Sludgeworms
Intermediate
Midges
Sludgeworms
True fly larvi
Intermediate
Midges
Sludgeworms



Fingernail
Clams
Gaddisflie-3
Sludgeworms

Sludgeworms







25


Indicated
Water
Quality

Mild
pollution

Mild
pollution




Mild
pollution

Mild pollU'
je tion


Mild
pollution


Fair



Mild
pollution







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