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IV - (
' 11 the.available information on the industrial water uses in the
Basin, each industry was considered separately. The general pro-
rfMurc vss to directly apply the 19'':-0 index of output projections for
rr'ch industry to obtain the 19^0 wptr>r use projection. For the
Years 2000 and 2020, the industrial water supply needs were staenucte
to reflect such fcctors as expected process changes, avail?oillty or
i ;.ter, and rreater reuse of v/sete water.
The ;;:rjor industries considered in the deterrraning ,-rler roquire-
ri-T'V.', v.-crs VYer tvrco (formerly West Virginift Pulp nnc Paper Coarpa/iy)
; b Covir!(-;tO3i; James Lee pjid Cons Co. at Glasgow; the Meau Corporation
r.t I^mchbur^; E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Federal Poper Board Co., and
>--'urnd^rci Pr.per Manufactures Co., Inc. at Richmond; Allied Chemicnl
Corps. nd Continental Can Company ht Hopewell; 'm Americcn Tobrccc
C). in Chesterfield County.
For coinpcr&tive purposes tho recorded morn and inini^iir. strearr.
;'lov/: f-rid the calculated 7-day 10-year lov i lows are shown belov .
Mean 10-Ye- r
River Flow Miniir.iun Lo\; Fl .?v
Arcr Gagea .MOD MOD IvJGD
J /.in^ton-Clifton Forge Jackson /,!<; /2 :0
', . .!i ,;,~. M ur\^ 2:0 5 ^0
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-- ;nPP:.7
'.i\ ;t.i: T.;I-: - j ;i . .:.unicip; ":
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1: ' : "~7. r xrrc iT: ,"lov;;. 'pp^rr to be adequate for all rauni.-ipel
_ 'nd indn"irirl \voter requirements in -.he ^.'..-in l.hrouph ycr r ,.02(J
" ('" '!- IV - .;), 0,'cept !..!' Covirrl.-. . F^ .ura--'r-: ' ;; J:i u: ' rl
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\ :r ' uppi" p.- occ<"5ion.
IT V.'estvr-'CO increases v/rter urfige ir the :7uturo, ac the pro-
>-1ionr' rufjprrt, the company ;,ill neod 7,0 purchcrc stnrcge ii; tl:e
' .."rir'ht Rrrervoir cr develop ether sources T,G nieet the edai i,i..;r.r;l
Inquire- ";.
'
- :, Hopovvoll, nmrt 01 the inductri^l water eupp.'y can ( «-> rom ea
I - ,;( -L,i!.,c;, as the river .t low ppcf:cs dovmctrefm cinco induttrist err
.;Jcly spaced r.lonn "the River. Neturr.l flew pluc reservoir flow?
J ready planned appear adequate for v/cter supply needs.
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7 J/J'JK RIVER v;/rJ& "DALIT! b"IAND/REt,
I
V. c .)';'!'".' K:ivcr i " ^oiv-:i !,- ' .^.1 .1 i,' t/; r i-rcr;1: rbovr ...
I '"<-: ^ Kioi.'jiior.J . BMov; flichr.cn. j . ;,h' i,.i . 1 portion u.' ihe J.T.IO
,- t _ t'~-r: .r "ix f L/e; n .
V,1 ;,c r qu' lit;,r r; ; ..a^crdc hnvo be-:r. rjopi.^.- ^,iv o L:i p ir;.":on.:
,. ijilc?1' "t; :,e rt''T::irr'l- !arjvo o'ior. pprove ', :> ! ,o ' oci'J.-"i\ .;:. oil f>.:cep'L.ionr: note,; en -erne jre^t, in: iluain/' i :f; 'i^nr1.
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- , - . rv ,,c, -i . ,_ - ,., fp. p. \ 0...0 , ,,-,,1 , ,- - ri r-,, /-i
- \d: i; Lemper.*" Lure I,: c)';' T ( pr?r^"tj.
>c)l ' 'T. c L'nl.'.r !." hc.vr boon ' '>jp^eo ' c"fi poriirr.; o, '^ir ''.
i , ' l( . f..r pi, /" .0 w; oC-r ruppT "n /-'"" " °-::'cr-. iur . 'Ir^e id.'c:
:;i;, on ::J poln!, ," fidlrr ;''O7u lit-pe^'cl' lirr ».c cuj-i/ci'iH - U".;
pi'o: in... iVic;-t GJ \ he 'r'rr.i. tii^or cvnv Hi
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VI. UPPER JAf.CE,: RIVER
VI - 1
I Iii I1!.- Upper J-i.iof River B-'.;li:, 11"" principal rourcct o. v,.'.,;,e
« , : r . re l.hrp^ pulp ' nu paper in:'.!!; , one ,1;. Co--. > ;;!.or : n.) tv e 1r,
'h.' i, :'.t'hl>'nv i rr~: . Tfie::e pulp ' .: paper i..J1~U 'I'?' expect'" U< ^r>
,T'-T- their output tonnage by ^ j rotor oi' 2-" ey lvv:-0 and h\ r, , -T icr
c . -. bj 'h,- yvir 2020. V-a;-:te l">auiii/jf 1,0 ti f Kly--^ vo'll : : / : n-
r~ r", bu i, i\y r- Mnraler icctcr due "i o improved proco.r,'.:er r. ithir; the
_ n ,: , ."iid r-.lditionr 1 hrc-r tn;ent :; v, ;:: te y:;i Lf-r prior to discharge.
In -jr'icr L,C, -.ie Ermine ncaru'. of r.r i'ntaining the en op tec! rater
I qu; Li.:,-' .' >/ndarvr , . iiia thematicrl rrio;:ei cone Trucked by J.L. Y,;orle;y
',,: ntiilia-a uo cfO'"alate nire-" -"ic-v; requiren^ni,.' . Thic rnoaei ±L p.
,i; ; i 1 c'^ripiiut.r npp] ico Lien L> i.b.o '' i.r^e^ei-Phelpr equrti'ni .'or
_ ;; ,;' ve i >:y^cr. ' v;ater qucliiv auT'vrey 'rd crorf feclionf i';e"e t-'ken
^B - Y ' '' ^ r.
ic'. Rivsr b; Virrini.- Milit:r:>r InsLU,U'e Reto-. :"ch L^briT
.Li) 19t'C ir t;rder to coiutruci. ; nd veriiy the n" themr tic:;-l
Ye1,' I'vt'V v.asue loaaingf nnd flci; used ir. :,he \Vorley M; th 1'bJc
.,he Ifpp^r Jr./;ier River rre ; ho,,:i in Table IV - ] . \";t~ t\s.: i'lt - ;
or 1 °'< -7 ';:-.,> r>:v '"ii^ei ''TT.r. "n b^erl ,OT- .'
_
7iiT;iai! Depnrtncnl o; Herltli. l.iiin::cipr 1 wr-rte io; i:. *, er'_ c"lculrtoo
,-.,01- r ervic.v popul rtioii; ' r;.
'j.. j ( I h,< ./." p ./lay) xury BOD. Inunrtra'r'l -"rte lo; :. -. prr- 001; in^'-
' ., i:;f- ." r ; <* ot Virginir, Dr. Hov;rr. Ka.'io n,' ; ho M' lion&l. CcAiiicil
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VI - 3
i or C'trcr.m Improvement (Of the Pu'ip, Paper, and Pcperboaro , Inutirvrics
ies a
Pic., ir.uuctriel waste inventories, and converrationc v;ith indus-
_ tri-- 1 representatives. /.ll flows v/ere converted to cubic feet per
;'ecc,nd (el's) and nil load,0 were converted to ultimate BOD in ppm
i'or use in the math model.
Projected waste loadings (prior to treatment) end HOWE viced in
i,ar? the Worley Model for the years 1980, 2000, nnd 2020 ;?re fiinrwn in
Tables VI - 2. 3, and L, . Basically the waste flows are the rprne as
VIP water rupply needs discussed in section IV. The waste floxi/,^ v/ern
r^nridered approximately equal to \vater supply flows, lees industrial
cooling './ater. It wet- assumed that consumptive losses v/ere offset cy
ini'iltration into the sewerage system. Municipal waste loads were
computed using xhe populetion equivalents of 0.21 (ibs/cap/day) y-dsy
BOD in 1980, 0.2^ (ibs/cap/day) 5-day BOD in 2000, end 0.25 (ibs/crp/day)
!,--dny in 2020 in conjugation v-ith projected weter service populations.
Indur-'tricil v.'aste loads in pounds of BOD v/ere computed using the pro-
I joctea inde^cc of output and the reported waste loads in 1967 Tor each
Industry.
The loads shown in Tables VI - 1 through VI - 4 were then applied
U, the Worley Math Model end dilution flows necessary to maintain
three, j our, five and six rog/1 dissolved oxygen were calculated for
''.'%. ()Q%, and 95% BOD removal at eight, twelve, twenty, twenty-live,
i.v;cnt\-eight, and thirty-two degrees centigrade. Table YI - 5 showf;
t..e flov/ requirements obtained from the Worley Model runs necessary
t< maintain a monthly average of 5.0 ppm D.O. at Covington and Lynchburg
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VI - 7
(i.li- Lvo MO t crii/ic'l areas in U:c Upper Jn. of Rivtr) I'or xiv .r; r-
i,..v '-cars, BCD roi:iovsl: , -nd vr:rpor"turec. Figures VI - 1 through
[fe VI - '' ; ho;. .,MC ay pt-io"] represent,- i.ions o Table VI - '', ITU..
!',e:e Figures the fluv; requirenenbe presented ir. Tf b] c: VI - > and
I VI - '/ sere ob tained .
(x '.'.iiv:lo_i:-Cl.ifton /'oi'ge Area
In UK Covington ?rea, the principal v/acte .'-ource ic be: !//<' co
| ( .morl;.1 V/ert Virginia Pulp rna Paper Coiapar;/). Thi; plant IL r.ov;
^ pr^r/i lirg ^ecnndar;,1' treetrrient of itr: \vactec, but tv;o Lovns ^ov/ii£tr°ara
(Govington and Clifton Forge) need ^o adu additional treetir.ent ic
H uheir present primciy plants.
I.'lininuh1. river Llow at Ccvington ic: C5 cfr; average lloi; i: -'3?
I e '; . Secondary treatment (o5 percent BOD removal) '-.ill be a jequate
_ '-.r ron bj/i ion; expected in 19-'0; v/ii,h a flov/ relea.ae oi' J(o cTr-
" ;
-------
1
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1
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1
Place
Yenr
Covington - (Reach 197)
1967
1980
2000
2020
Lynchburg - (Reach 90)
1967
1980
2000
2020
nevisen PI?
Tf-BLX VI - .
FLOW REQUIREMENTS - GFS (ft /sec)
Upper James River, - Virginia
DO Objective - 5.0 rag/1 Average
Temperature C
% BOD
Remova 1
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
95
8
8Q
89
89
181
181
181
181
181
181
257
188
181
374
257
142
529
358
225
844
473
266
1400
820
354
12
93
93
93
186
186
186
216
186
186
332
233
186
488
335
182
698
457
254
1089
604
331
1804
1063
449
20
116
100
100
239
201
201
360
249
201
553
393
216
786
546
290
1119
733
397
1795
962
518
2984
1759
714
25
159
113
107
336
234
214
512
354
214
858
586
321
1037
730
386
1587
989
528
2475
13^1
691
4155
2425
963
>rcn LH , i
VI-
28
206
142
113
U35
296
227
662
459
254
1057
714
364
1255
882
471
2011
1219
644
3157
1693
848
5661
3113
1190
^rr i
32
300
198
128
613
405
258
927
648
338
1557
1062
544
1581
1112
594
2731
1573
868
4266
2273
1092
84 16
4201
1538
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VI - 10
'will be nade to determine the optimum' combine tion of advanced waste
treatment (beyond b5% BOD removal) and flow augmentation; other
porrjib] e methods o:' maintaining water quality include alternate
.sources of water rupply for Weetvaco, ;md additional reuse of process
;
-------
I
I
VI - 11
I
There are several run-of-the-rivcr hydroelectric projects in the
L/nchhurg area. These projects hrve limited storage and are used
j or peaking power, which causes periods of little or no flow in the
J, iiies during wrought seasons. In order to obtain maximum benefit from
the flov; augmentation, arrangements should be made to pass augmented
i lov/s v;ithouL storage for peaking.
Flov: required for various treatment levels is summarized in Table
VI -7. It appears that a combination of treatment beyond S5 percent
m BOD removal cmd additional reservoir storage will be needed. For
ev.arplc, by year 1980, 90 percent remove 1 ur.d 1,540 c:"s -would Giro
fia/y the need.
Costs of various combinations oi treatment levels and flow rele? set
i \11 be studied to determine an optimum.
| Ho1, ever , minimum cummer I'lov:s in excess of the average stream Clew
r 3 ,--'00 cis -will be iifiicult to : ..v-.ir, rr.d a pr"cruicr"! limit -,,i'Jl
Jot: to .n a ^ \ror trout levels between 90 an. -'/} percent BOD i'^-: 'ov; 1
- Lll OL. :. ; :. ' . trr 1930 if grr- ,7: ;. he p/poi' :':i.'u."1 r,' :;/ -,h' Cat;
I L:"- r.'hbu.-'g no IK c a prii arn/ -,,rstc treatment plant and the two
paper mills in the area have "in plant" treatment processes. Secon-
dary ircr tment or its equivalent ,i hould be provide- .or these- r-.ajor
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,OW REQUIRED TO MAINI/MI*
J W.K'I D.C.
TEMPERATURE °C
RIVEP AT COVU.nTO!, 1 >
FICRJRS VI - 1
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B
FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 mg/1 D.O.
700
600 --
500 --
koo --
301
200
100 --
March 26, 1969
10 15 20
TEMPERATURE °C
JAMES RIVER AT COVINGTON
25
1Q80
FIGMRI VI - 2
30
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CO
ft.
1200
1000
800--
600 --
Uoo - -
200--
FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 fflg/1 D.O.
March 26, I96c;
H 1 H-
10 15 20
TEMPERATURE °C
JAMES RIVER AT COVINGTON
25
2000
FIQURJ VI - 3
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1200
1000
CO
fc
o
800
600
1400 --
200 --
FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 mg/1 D.O.
March 26, 1969
10 15 20
TEMPERATURE °C
JAMES RIVER AT COVINGTON
30
2020
FIODHE VI
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lUoo - -
1200 '-
1000 --
CO
Se
s
800 --
600 --
IfOO --
200 --
FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 Mg/1 D.O.
March 26, 1969
10 15 20 25
TEMPERATURE C
JAMES RIVER AT LYWCHBURG - 196?
30
- 5
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is
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fn
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FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 fflg/1 D.O.
2600 --
2200 - -
l800 --
ll»QO --
1000 --
600 --
200 --
March 26, 1969
10 15 20
TEMPERATURE °C
JAMES RIVER AT LYNCHBURG
25
I960
FIGHHX 71- 6
30
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3900 --
3300
2700 --
2100 --
1500 --
900 --
300 --
FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
5.0 mg/1 D.O.
March 26, 1969
10
15
20
TEMPERATURE C
JAMES RIVER AT LYNCHBURG
25
2000
FIGURX ₯1-7
30
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7800 --
6600 --
5^00 - -
b
1800 --
I i U200
3000
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600 --
FLOW MEQUIIttD TO MAIHTAIN
5.0 w*/l D.O.
March 26, 1969
H 1 1 1
10 15 20 25
TW1RATURE °C
JAMBS RIVBR AT LIMCHBU16 - 2020
PIGUIH TI - 8
4-
30
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VII - 1
VII. JAMES RIVER ESTUARY
A. Flow ReauireHieqts
Domestic end industrial waste loads in the James River Estuary
for 1980, 2000, and 2020 were computed from date shown in Table /
| VII - 1 and the Waste Discharge Inventory of the Richraond-Peters-
_ burg-Hopewell Metropolitan Area compiled by the Virginia State
Wster Control Board.
DOMESTIC. A population equivalent factor, expressed re pounds
of ultiuinte biochemical oxygen aerend per capitc, wes applied to the
| projection;' to determine the quantity of domestic wastes requiring
treatnerit and/or assimilation by the estuary during the selected
* time intervals. All discharge points were assumed to remain in
flj their present locations with the exception of those in Chesterfield
County. Wastes from this area, including the City of Petersburg,
J vere predicted to be piped to the James for discharge by the yecr
_ 1980.
INDUSTRIAL. Wrste loads frorr1 industries, using the Jemes et F
ri'Ceivinc stream, were derived by escalating present eutput of ultimate
BOD at the fame rote es production. No f-.llowr.nces were mane lor
f'i; Cancer in technology or chenge in processes to reduce the rrtio
of waste to finished product. Induetrie1 wastes in this section of
the -estuary are primarily from chemical plants with approximately
five percent from paper related operations.
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''II - /"
_ Ii :h' . ii ."v . i.hc Hopovoj] ':., ustriO. coi..plcv will ccir( '. ".
.;,--' '/' prv, :]', ,.;,'. ~Cnc- ' i ' o' ),?inf-- ."ifchrivrr 10 Mi-- C'.'iuf?
8 Via- I.;! LOO ' 1 ] 1 er.'ie ^ ron ir m: tri.or rp-' population center; 'ocrl
up.' (rr>.- r;.. .Doi'.est ic v; sle-t rill compri.rf5 rppro-cimr t.:y IV.:- p'-r-
cr-.il >)i Uv- lotrl load.
T;;ble VII - ] shov/s the projected v;ac-te production for the .opip
pf-riou. Tl'iry r.rc pyprc-fcseci r.,' pounds c. ultimrtc- BOD t' r<"j loci
-heir o-'fecL in thri estuary r-£ .' result of fide neede
T'ir,y' vore ''-l.l.rineJ by ^pplyir^j J.hr projected locidf to the estufrine
i th model ;:nd operating it ;. t the treeiment levels indies Led.
Figures VII -I, 2} nnd 3 Tiry b^ deployed to determine required
I i TOY,5. j or tcirper;.1 turec other then tae mern maximum monthly volues
C'Uf:en for the preapration of the table. For flov/t less than those
crlled ; or ir the table, Figures VII - 4 .-nd VII - 'j csji be consulted
ior tlie degree of treatment necessary to satisfy the established
; tnnd;" rd.' . The prrcticnl and ecorori-.icnl feasibility of providing
,.] c require-".1 'lows war; not considered in this fnflysis.
I/ynchbun;" flov/ requirement; corresponding to 85 and 90 percent
| tre.-i-orient t re shown in Table VII - 7. With #5 percent treatment at
M Lvnch.lrunj rnd 90 percent treatment in the estuary, the stream stan-
.(F riif> ern re] iobly be maintained in 19^0. Maximum flows for the
c-riticni months of June, July, tnd /upust during this period vail
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VII - 3
rH
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VII - 5
!>e 2730 "nd 2050 cfs respectively. By the year 2000, remove 1
efficiencies rney need to be increof-e-J above 90 percent in the
e::tuary, during t:everol months of the year to mnintnin the DO i.rln-
iuur::. V/ithout thir procedure, flov.'E of 4260 and 5600 cir rru^t be
provided. Il flows of 8416 and 8650 cfs cannot be lurnished ;,t
Lynchburp nnd Hopcv;ell for the period beginning in the year 2020,
i.rofitment in excesc of 90 percent for discharger to the estuary
luring the critical months must be conciderea.
ii. L-!::uheiiiGj,ica^r and Physical Models
It it; dilficult to predict Lhe reaction, O:' nny estuary, tc the
;i'iition of o'ygen demanding corntituents in municipal rnd inuut-
,il-l V, ;,c difch; rgpf. Accurately describing the physical, chcr. ic:l,
-'>>d biolofjicrl proccsrec1 in its dynmic environiiienl ic -c forrniar.ble
' ,'r.. V'hen rrtionrl simplifying r rr:urnptionr ere t-.ppliecl, it ic often
poi-:f;ible to fpproximete the aiccolvca o^rjen concenlrntion c'iv: bio-
cJiciaic''] o:cygen demcnd rer.u;inin,p in <':n,r section b;v eiiiployiivy i.iatJi-
c'.fticr] :.'ioJelling techniquoi.. Lc tho tiJe rn/ the pro"-:ijr.ity o:' the
' "-an v; rie: \:ith crch csti\sr~r, it is noceLT?ry to e; Liiurto th'^ir
<,' cc I \ ith "ij'l'ucion coefficientf. .or the ucxh model and Lhen coirprre
:,nc ]T':ii'l Lr- ".ith r^npling date . :-r i the j.'iol i nn:I/or ; phyt'icfj i.iou^l.
VM;. pvccc'fi-1. knov:n rt verifier iiion. if ron.e tiinet lenchtv ?m.]
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L[t,_ JJ^.^LIc;^ . TIVC im'rtheiMi Lie:..] .'t.vel: \,' re rvploye" ii: thr-
J; ,(-:: R'ivor £; UK ry inyertifTC i.ion . The jir;-t v;- ? Ihe DECC III
; i.' -i r .-lopc'-i , ui, ..r" cor. Irrcr; . b lio Genor' 1 E] or Lrie Cc-'por1' ll< u.
lY'u; .'.I, [he ii;:ie-'.:opcndent ch'r-'clori: lie. CM the i.I.ie ro :, Irani; to i
i ; Hi" Input '-'I/ . Ii,r, prii.Ti1 iir\c.i':n ar TO ucl/'i-iiiinc: 'Li'.. J'-
j i1 i /) c:;:'"'.'''ici(vn'''." Lhrou^jh ,u1 t'r cturry. ' nuirb^r c;i tri' 1 ;.n 1 lone; ' nc' the phycic;.-! ;iye '.iata i'roin
i.i;'.: !"(.-.lc"l : ', VieV;- i''UT-j, Mir rirrippt .
TIi- :ori"C'; coefficients -.veri then rpplieu in the Stet 'iy-w\r- tc
.'!"';;.icnto. ncUcl developcj by the I.LM lie /tlantic Re::ion'£: t^oi'i'.
TiLr, r.c.vicl i; siiro.l'-r in theor;,' to the DECG III \,i'Lh the e:'cepHi"^;
1 h< tii.0 iricrcr.on L ohoc^n. The ^tcr.h-otrte i;"u;clel orcume;; ; tii'.c
p-rj.od oi r.ui'j. icieiiL length i'oi' f ] ]. eleir-entfi in the c.rtur-ry to h^vo
v-; r-hc1. rrlrtivc equilibrium. Using arts iTom the economic projections,
.. : i." lor iingr for 19CO, 2000, iiru 2020 v.ere corrpuxe,) ; iu> vu ca in the
i i ''' .'.IOIMJ '.i'ch uhe geometric c:i' h,/.!rfulic a: t: Lo predie . v,he /low
'"-".iuiivweritf-. recdea vo maintc.in 1 iniwui." uonthly ^verege ni:. r- olveu
«
:> -^en concentrrtion of '" mg/1 ; L -i.fcrent levels of treatment.
Proviouf r'Luiier. oj the Jsraes by the PTPC/ Che:;c-,pe;ike Field otftior' P
/ an.- pulir , I>ir lylcn'J , inflected i monthly rverage vrlue of 5 rag/l or
ir :;.~,lv". o^:ygen v;>°r cornparRble to c ninimuni drily of 4.0 mg/1 on
1 hich the \vr. ber quality Gtrmd.' rd:: ''re baeecl.
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VII - 7
Physical. D; Ir ,'rom the phyrical model at Vicksburg, Ltu ; I; sippi
v :. xis';-r' almosL exclusively in ".,hjc investigation cr there res very
1 ^ull-' rol i-tbip (U'tn from Field studies. Prior work in J-K- Jrricr
>:,tu; ry ' ar u. urlly confined lo a limited .-rot. ci interest an i con-
d-'ictc-u during different periods, cj I'.hc year. As much prototype data
i.. : igfdficcncp that could be obtained \vas applied or reviewed for
possible application. Primarily this v;as ci : nature that could not
bi- .lupl letted o'- ."imulated in Lhe i.iodel i.e., oxygen uptaf.e rates ,
!'cnthal 'ierarnd. and photosynthesis.
The physical model of the Jrraes River estuary, from the i all
zone Lo the /tlantic Ocean, was construe Led and is operated by the
U.r. Army Corps oi Engineers' Waterways Experiment Station in Vicks-
burg, Mississippi. Two tests model studies were conducted for the
I'VPCA in addition to those for ether state and lederal agencies.
Thefirst, using dye as P tracer, attempted to measure the
diifusion rates. Loadings and discharge points were simulated ior
>: ,-j fix in/; conditions. Dye concentrations were determined at selected
,rtioiu, ior time intervals equivalent to 2.5 days in the prototype.
The model was; operated 120 tidal cycles for each floiv condition.
Flows simulated were 1000, 3200, and 11500 cfs as v/ell as the
hydrogreph as measured at Richmond for July rnd August, 19t6. The
,,.: ta gathered was presented in tabular and graphical form to be used
to verify the math model.
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VII - 8
Rr"'dio: ctive trrcer?' were employee in the ceconJ tert to or-Lahjirh
l]i( rcr rrrtior. rrte icr eoch rer^ch o: the eE'tuary. The Eictiviiiee
B v. r coiirpryftive trncer. Tritium, rnu f, non-conpcrvnt.iv'? irrcer,
K'^.'puO]! , r- , v/ci-C' iaonitorrJ for ' nnnvv.r c-i' "uiufl cycle.1-:'. The rppi'c>p-
t'J'. Lc _'.;.>' oi nuclorr phyricr v.'cro thm "ppliea to r;etcmiiiC the
'; l.o u1' rv i r Lrrncfer L'roir. the r.iodel ,,o the c'tr.;o:;phore . Thir has
B )oon Joun ) to be proportional to the transfer of o'rrgen f rear1 the-
; u:.o::phore ohroufjh the air-v/ater interirce. The reeeratlon rcte:
- ^>y.: uri.1" experiment rppe; red to ><:. lov;er then thoce previously cor
-u vi i :; hy< rr-ulic r.nd f^eonetric pt'rr-ncterf: of the esturiy.
T'v.: ?// t-3i rric phvricfl LIC'C": r"vre Drecluled the neeo i or !}
j.i'iv rri. pi'iff 5 bly inconclu:.j ve tiinc-constuning Tiold tiirvc-y.
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.ovnl
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10 12 14
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ir. 20 22
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24
TEMPERATURE °C
i r
26 28
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30 32 34
JAMES RIVER AT HOPEWELL - 2020
Figure VII - 3
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rS
r~i
FLOW VJH TREATMENT TO MAINTAIN
.0 mg/1 D.O. JAMES RIVER AT HOPEWELL
YEAR 2000
opt..
90
PRESENT TREATMENT
I
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Fipuro VII -
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o
a
o
10 _
FLOW Vo TREATMENT TO MAINTAIN
5.0 mg/1 D.O. JAMES RIVER AT HOPEWELL
YEAR 2020
^ \ \ \\ \\\
ul;" , August
June
Mry
October
Aprl 1
November
Mr- rob
December1
I I [ I I I
#5 90
PERCENT TREATMENT
T *
Figure VII - 5
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FLOW REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN
~ .> f/ " ^.0 .
BOD H
n BOP
i r
Til; T HOPS^ELL - 19^
Fij-:urc VII -
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FLCM ^QUIRK^ TC iW* INT/IN
:.0 we/1 D.O.
r-fo BOD Removal
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20
T^ffERATDRE °C
RIVER AT HQPEV/ELL - 2000
I 111
{> -x
Fi/{ure VII -
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. -Till - I
VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. "The Cose For Water Meters, "The American City Magazine, December
196/V, P. 97.
2. Select Committee on Nation?,! Water Resources, United States Senate,
"Water Resources Activities in the United States," Committee
Print No. 7, I960.
I 3. U.S. Department of the Interior, FWPCA, "The Cost of Clem W-ter,"
Vol. Ill, Industrial Waste Profile No. 3 - Paper Mille, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 196fi.
4. \Vorley, J.L., "A System Analysis Methoc for Water Quelity M?nage-
iiient by Flow Augmentation in a Conrplex Paver Basin," Masters
Thesis, Oregon State University, 1963.
t>. Parker, Clinton E. and Knapp^ John W., "Report of Stream Pollution
.Surveys in the Jackson and Jrs:es Rivers," VMI Research Laboratories
Inc., November
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