OOOR72116
CODORUS CREEK
WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION
REPORT
ID
225
.38
K34
1972
copy 2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION TEC
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
MARCH, I972
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" ' I"" H" ""!
1 !
Regional Cemel toi rmiionmental luioniutiuii
LS El A Region III
165UAiclibt
Philadelphia, PA 19103
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A Water Quality Investigation
of the
Codorus Creek Watershed
March, 1972
Ernest A. Kaeufer, P. E.
Field Investigation Section
Surveillance Branch
Surveillance & Analysis Division
Region III
Environmental Protection Agency
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1-3
II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 4-6
III. DESCRIPTION OF AREA 7-11
iv. STUDY METHODOLOGY 12-15
V. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 16-56
VI. SOURCES OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGES 57-67
APPENDIX - ANALYTICAL DATA 68-114
A. RAINFALL 69
B. PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL 70-107
C. BATERIOLOGICAL 108-109
D. BIOLOGICAL 110-114
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Page
FIGURE I - WATER QUALITY STUDY 11
FIGURE II - WATER QUALITY STUDY - SAMPLING STATIONS 15
FIGURE III - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - COLOR 31
FIGURE IV - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - TURBIDITY 32
FIGURE V - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - TEMPERATURE 33
FIGURE VI - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - PIT 34
FIGURE VII - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - DISSOLVED OXYGEN PROFILE 36
FIGURE VIII - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - NUTRIENTS 37
FIGURE IX - BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA 49
FIGURE X - BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA 50
FIGURE XI - WATER QUALITY STUDY - BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 52
FIGURE XII - CODORUS CREEK STUDY - BIOTIC INDEX 56
TABLE A - SAMPLING STATION LOCATION 13-14
TABLE B - WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (NTAC) 17-18
TABLE C - WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND EFFLUENT STANDARDS (PA.) 19-23
TABLE D - METALS 41
TABLE E - MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS 43-44
TABLE F - AVERAGE MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGES 59
TABLE G - MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENT FACILITIES 60
TABLE H - AVERAGE P.M. GLATFELTOR CO. WASTEWATER DISCHARGES 62
TABLE I - YORK COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION INDUSTRY - 63
INDUSTRIAL "ASTE TREATMENT PLANTS
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES (Continued)
Page
TABLE J - U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS - INDUSTRIAL DIRECT 64-65
WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
TABLE K - STATE LIST OF DIRECT INDUSTRIAL UASTE DISCHARGES 66-67
INTO THE CODORUS CREEK BASIN
EXHIBIT I - IMPLEMENTATION PLAN - CODORUS CREEK (PA.) 24-27
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Chapter I
Introduction
A. Purpose:
The Water Quality Study was initiated to determine existing
conditions of the Codorus Creek Watershed necessary to establish a
Wastewater Management Plan. The Susquehanna ^iver Basin Coordinating
Committee, in their June, 1970 report, recommended regional sewerage
studies be conducted.
A high priority was given to six sub-basin areas, the Codorus
Creek being one of these areas, The Coordinating Committee consisted
of federal and state officials having -jurisdiction within the basin.
The Baltimore office of the Corps of Engineers obtained funds to
develop a Wastewater Management Plan. Region III of the Environmental
Protection Agency was requested bv the Corps of Engineers to provide
water quality data for the plan.
B. Scope;
The scope of this report is limited to the presentation and inter-
pretation of analytical data relative to the existing water quality of
the Codorus Creek Watershed.
C. Objectives-
(1) Establish a base-line record of water quality for the Codorus
Creek Basin.
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(2) Determine characteristics and rates of natural purification
of the Codorus Creek and its tributaries.
(3) Determine patterns of pollution downstream from waste
discharges and effects on water uses and monitoring effects of waste
discharge.
(4) Estimate waste assimilation capacities of the Codorus Creek
and its tributaries.
(5) Estimate reductions in waste loads necessary to meet water
qualitv requirements
D. Authority:
This Study x^as conducted and the report prepared under the pro-
visions of Section 3 of the federal Water Pollution Control Act As
Amended (33 U. S. C. 466 et seq.) which authorizes the Administrator
/
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency to cooperate with
other Federal agencies to make joint investigations for the development
of comprehensive programs for the elimination or reduction of interstate
waters and tributaries thereof and improving the sanitary condition of
surface and underground waters. The Baltimore District, Corps of
Engineers, by letter dated August 30, 1971, requested this office make
a water quality study of the Codorus Creek Watershed, Tributary of the
Susquehanna River, for the purpose of establishing a Wastewater Manage-
ment Plan.
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E. Acknowledgement of Aid and .Assistance;
During the course of this Study it was necessary to obtain data
and information from various sources. We are indeed grateful for the
aid given and wish to express our appreciation to the following:
(1) Data and Information:
Geological Survey, (Department of the Interior)
Harrisburg, Pa.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources,
Bureau of Water Quality Management, Division of
Water Quality and Bureau of State Parks
Karrisburg, Pa,
Pennsylvania Environmental Protection Field Office,
Region IV, Lewistown, Pa.
York County Planning Commission, York, Pa.
Yule, Jordan and Associates, Camp Hill, Pa.
(2) Field Laboratory Facilities-
Springettsbury Township, Pa.
(3) Wastewater Treatment Plant Samples:
Springettsbury Township. Pa.
City of York, Pa.
Glen Rock Borough, Pa.
Penn Township, Pa.
Red Lion Borough, Pa.
Appreciation is also expressed to the Environmental Protection
Agency's Chesapeake Technical Support Laboratory for providing the
field sampling and field laboratory personnel necessary to complete
the study.
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Chapter II
Summary and Conclusions
An intensive field investigation, including sampling and flow
measurements, and laboratory analysis were conducted to determine the
existing water quality of the Codorus Creek, The summary for this
study is as follows:
1. The Codorus Creek watershed, which is a sub-basin of the
Susquehanna ^iver, has a drainage area of about 294 square miles.
2. The waters of the Codorus Basin are classified by Pennsylvania
as:
(a) water supply for domestic, industrial, live stock,
wildlife and irrigation purposes;
(b) recreational use for warm and cold water fishery and
water contact sports;
(c) treated waste assimilation and power.
3. There are six municipal wastewater treatment facilities, all
of which have secondary treatment.
4. There are forty (40) reported industrial pollution sources of
which the State Environmental Protection Field Office, Lewistown, Pa.,
states twenty-two (22) discharge directly into the Codorus Creek. The
remaining industrial pollution sources are discharged into municipal
treatment facilities, soil application or to the Codorus Creek. The
largest volume of wastewater is discharged by the Clatfelter Paper Company,
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5. All seven (7) wastewater discharges, sampled in this survey,
do not comply with the effluent standards established by the Pennsyl-
vania Implementation Plan dated December 20, 1967.
6. Concentrations of toxic materials exceeding State water quality
standards were found in the stream. These toxic materials are of the
type normally found in industrial discharges and are not naturally
occurring within this area.
7. Nutrient concentrations far exceed the levels generally found
to be necessary to stimulate the growth of algae and aquatic weeds thereby
accelerating eutrophication. Stream discoloration, caused by the effluent
from P. H. Glatfelter Paper Company, has retarded this phenomena by
limiting the light penetration.
8. Bacteriological data show high counts of indicator micro-
organisms, indicating the potential presence of disease-causing
bacteria, suggesting inadequate chlorine applications to treatment
plant effluents, direct discharges from individual homes to the receiving
stream and livestock waste discharges.
9. Biological data indicated extremely poor water quality within
the Main and West Branches below Spring Grove.
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10. A summary of all the physical, chemical, biological and
bacteriological information indicates the Main and West Branches of
the Codorus Creek- along with the major tributaries of Oil Creek and
Mill Creek are grossly polluted from municipal and industrial waste-
water discharges and agricultural runoffs.
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Chapter TTI
Description of Study Area
A. General:
The Codorus Creek Watershed comprises approximately one-third of
the total area of York County and contains over 60 per cent of the
county's population. The headwaters and outlet drainage occur within
the confines of York County although the watershed limits extend very
slightly into neighboring Maryland. Three main tributaries drain the
watershed; The East Branch (drainage area - 54.0 square miles), the
South Branch (drainage area - 117.6 square miles, including the East
Branch'i , and the West Branch (drainage area - 95.4 square miles). At
a point about four and a half miles due south of the City of York, the
East Branch flows into the South Branch, and approximately three miles
southwest of York, the South and West Branches -join to form the main
stem of Codorus Creek which then flows northeast (through York) for
approximately 5.5 miles where the Mill Creek (approximately 20 square
miles) joins the Codorus Creek which then flows for approximately
9.5 miles where it empties into the Susquehanna River. At its mouth
the Codorus Creek drains a total of 293.6 square miles of open rolling
country in the Piedmont Plateau Region. (See Figure T)
The West Branch rises in the southwestern corner of the watershed ,
flows north to Spring Grove, includes the West Branch, East Branch of
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the West Branch-and Oil Creek, and then northeast to its junction with
the South Branch. Lake Marburg, Lake Lehman, Mill Dam and Lake Pahagaco,
along with the Indian Rock Floor Control Reservoir are the impoundments
in the portion of the watershed. The area drained is generally open
rolling country with a drainage pattern sloping gently toward the York-
Hanover Vallev from an average headwater elevation of approximately
1000 feet. The stream grade falls less than 600 feet to its confluence
with the South Branch. Tributary valleys are relatively narrow
(500-1000 feet maximum) until reaching the main valley where a broad,
flat plain borders the Spring Grove area. Except for isolated reaches,
a wide flood plain prevails along the West Branch to its "junction with
the South Branch.
The South Branch drains an area with characteristics similar to
the West Branch. The total fall of the stream from its headwaters
to the West Branch confluence is less than 600 feet. Rising in the
mid-southern area of the watershed at an approximate elevation of
1000 feet, the stream flows on a general northerly route having a
relatively narrow flood plain. The valley floor averages approximately
300-500 feet in width until it reaches the vicinity of the York Water
Company Pumping Station below Brill Hart, where alluvial deposits
have created a plain of 1000-2000 feet in width.
The East Branch -joins the South Branch approximately four miles
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above the confluence of the West and South Branches. The Branch rises
in the southeastern corner of the watershed at an elevation of approxi-
mately 1000 feet and flows in a general direction to the South Branch.
The upper reaches of the stream have slightly steeper gradients, the
total fall being approximately 600 feet in 12 miles. Expanded Lake
Williams is the only impoundment in this Branch.
The Main Branch of the Codorus Creek starts at the confluence of
the West and South Branches at an approximate elevation of 400 feet
and flows in a northeasterly direction to the Susquehanna River and
discharges at an elevation of approximately 250 feet. The main stem
of the Codorus Creek has cut a deep rocky gorge through the westward
extension of the Hellam Hills near its mouth.
B. Geology:
The Codorus Creek watershed is located in three geologically
similar areas:
(1) The Hanover-York Valley consists of limestone (Cambrian
and Ordovician), dolomites with minor quartzites. This valley is
geologically complicated, badly faulted and contorted.
(2) The Southeastern Upland which consists of schists inter-
layered matabasalts and phylites (Cambrian and probably early Paleozoic),
The Pigeon Hills and Hellam Hills, considered as part of this geological
unit, consists of mainly quartzites (Cambrian), and is badly faulted
and contorted.
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(3) Triassic Upland which is in the Codorus Creek watershed area
consists of red shales and sandstone (New Oxford).
C. Climatology:
Generally, a humid continental type climate prevails throughout
the Codorus Creek watershed. A growing season approaching 200 days is
common with long hot summers and sufficient rainfall, thus promoting
the flourishing agricultural industry throughout the region. The summer
months alone produce 10-13 inches of rainfall, the average annual amount
varying from 36 to 45 inches with the heaviest concentration being along
the Maryland border. Drier winter months produce 7 to 9 inches of
precipitation of which approximately 30 per cent falls as snow. The
average annual depth of snowfall in the watershed is 24 inches.
The mean annual temperature for the area is 54 F. Winters are
relatively short, 32 F reading occurring 100 days or less per year,
while the long, warm summers produce 90 F temperatures approximately 25
days during the season.
Mountain ridges west of the area are a major influence protecting
the area from the more severe weather occurring to the west and north
induced by the prevailing westerly winds.
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PENNSYLVANIA
MARYLAND
CODORUS CREEK SUB-BASIN
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN
WATER QUALITY STUDY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION n PHILADELPHIA, PA.
FIGURE I
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Chapter IV
Study Methodology
A. Time Period of Study:
The study was started on August 18, 1971. The field work was
completed on November 12, 1971, and all laboratory analysis was com-
pleted December 2, 1971.
B. Sampling and Analytical Methods:
All sampling and analyses were performed in accordance with either
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Thirteenth
Edition, or The Environmental Protection Agency Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes (1971 Edition). The Field Laboratory was
established in the Springettsbury Township Wastewater Treatment Plant,
The Field Laboratory was supplemented by the Environmental Protection
Agency Technical Support Laboratory at Charlottesville, Virginia.
C. Hydrological Methods:
Time of travel and stream flow data were obtained by the utilization
of a National Bureau of Standards Calabrated "Pigmy" Flow Meter.
All wastewater flow measurements were obtained from the wastewater
treatment plant flow meters.
D. Description and Location of Sampling Stations;
(See Figure II and Table A)
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Table A
Station
Ident.
COR001
COR005
WC0016
WC0019
WC0022
WC0024
WC0027
WC0028
WC0033
WC0034
River
Mile
0.6
5.0
COR005 (STP) 4.8
COR007 6.7
COR009 (STP) 9.0
COR011 10.6
COR014 14.4
16.2
18.7
21.8
23.7
WC0025 (IWP) 24.5
WC0026 (STP) 25.8
26.2
28.1
32.6
33.6
Description
Codorus Creek near Codorus Furnace, Pa. Bridge
on L. R. 66152.
Codorus Creek near Glades, Pa. Bridge on
L. R. 66152.
Springettsbury STP outfall to the Godorus Creek.
Codorus Creek near Emigsville, Pa. Bridge at
intersection of L. R. 66021 near T-839.
York, Pa. STP outfall to Codorus Creek.
Codorus Creek in York, Pa. Bridge on 1-83 (Business)
Codorus Creek near West York, Pa. Bridge at
intersection of L. R. 66094 and L. R. 66050.
West Branch Codorus Creek near Indian Rock Dam
Bridge on L. R. 66210.
West Branch Codorus Creek near New Salem, Pa.
Bridge on Pa. Route 616.
West Branch Codorus Creek near Stoverstown, Pa.
Bridge on L. R. 66007
West Branch Codorus Creek near Nashville, Pa.
Bridge on T-488.
P. H. Glatfelter Industrial STP outfall to West
Branch of Codorus Creek.
Spring Grove, Pa. STP outfall to West Branch of
Codorus Creek.
West Branch of Codorus Creek south of Spring Grove,
Pa. Bridge on Penna. State Route 116.
West Branch of Codorus Creek at Menges Mills, Pa.
Bridge on L. R. 66048.
West Branch of Codorus Creek near Codorus State
Park. Bridge on L. R. 66009 near intersection
of L. R. 66217.
East Branch of West Branch of Codorus Creek near
Codorus State Park. Bridge on L. R. 66154.
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Table A (Continued)
Station
Ident.
SCOOOO
SC007
SC0014
SC0016
ECOOOO
MILOOO
River
Mile
0.3
7.2
14.4
SC0015 (STP) 15.7
16.3
0.05
0.01
MIL008 8.3
MIL009 (STP) 9.1
OILOOO 0.2
OIL005 4.8
OIL006 (STP) 6.0
Description
South Branch of Codorus Creek at the York Co.
Pumping Station and U. S. G. S. Gaging Station
1-5750. Near intersection of L. R. 66050 and
L. R. 660511.
South Branch of Codorus Creek at Seven Valleys
Bridge on L. R. 66083.
South Branch of Codorus Creek near Larve, Pa.
Bridge on T-424.
Glen Rock, Pa. STP outfall to South Branch of
the Codorus Creek.
South Branch of Codorus Creek at Glen Rock, Pa.
Bridge on Pa. Route 216.
East Branch of Codorus Creek at Reynolds Mill,
Pa. Bridge on L. R. 66049.
Mill Creek in North York, Pa. R. R. Bridge off
L. R. 66106.
Mill Creek in Yoe, Pa. Bridge on L. R. 66004.
Red Lion, Pa. STP outfall to Mill Creek.
Oil Creek at Menges Mills, Pa. Bridge on L. R.
66008.
Oil Creek near York Road, Pa. Bridge on T-341.
Penn Township, Pa. STP outfall to Oil Creek.
(STP) - Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.
(IWP) - Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant.
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PENNSYLVANIA
MARYLAND
CODORUS CREEK SUB-BASIN
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN
WATER QUALITY STUDY
SAMPLING STATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION Iff PHILADELPHIA, PA.
FIGURE H
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Chapter V
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
A. Water Quality Standards:
Recommended national water quality criteria were developed by the
National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior
and was completed April 1, 1968. A summary of these criteria appear in
Table B.
Water quality criteria were also developed by the Pennsylvania
Sanitary Water Board specifically for the Codorus Creek. These criteria
appear in Table C.
The Pennsylvania Sanitary Water Board also developed an implementation
plan indicating effluent requirements and schedule for compliance. This
plan appears as Exhibit 1.
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Table C
General Criteria!
The water shall not contain substances attributable to municipal,
industrial or other waste discharges in concentrations or amounts suf-
ficient to be inimical or harmful to the water uses to be protected or
to human animal, plant or aquatic life.
Specific substances to be controlled include, but are not limited
to, floating debris, oil, scum and other floating materials; toxic sub-
stances; substances that produce color, tastes, odors or settle to form
sludge deposits.
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Table C (Continued)
Standard Criteria:
Water Quality Indicator
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Iron
Temperature
Dissolved Solids
Bacteria (Colifonns/100 mg)
Code Criteria
a Not less than 6.0; not to exceed 8.5
b Minimum daily average of 5-0 mg/1
2 with no value less than 4.0 mg/1.
c Not to exceed 1.5 mg/1.
d Not to exceed 5°F rise above
2 ambient temperature or a maximum
of 87°F (30.6°C), whichever is less;
not to be changed by more than 2°F
during any one hour period.
e Not to exceed 500 mg/1 as a monthly
average value; not to exceed 750 mg/1
at any time.
f For the period 5/15 - 9/15 of any
year; not to exceed 1,000/100 ml
as an arithmetic average value; not
to exceed 1,000/100 ml in more than
two consecutive samples; not to exceed
2,4-00/100 ml in more than one sample.
For the period 9/16 - 5/14- of any year;
not to exceed 5,000/100 ml as a month-
ly average value, nor to exceed this
number in more than 20$ of the samples
collected during any month; nor to
exceed 20,000/100 ml in more than 5$
of the samples.
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Table C (Continued)
Water Use List;
1. Aquatic Life
Warm Water Fishery
2. Water Supply
Domestic
Industrial
Live Stock
Wildlife
Irrigation
3. Recreation
Fishing
Water Contact Sports
. Other
Power
Treated Waste Assimilation
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Table C (Continued)
Watershed Criteria;
Description of Zone
Zone Name
Limits
of Zone
Exceptions to
Standard Water
Use List
Exceptions to
Standard Water
Quality Criteria
List
Codorus Creek
East Branch to
the South Branch
of Codorus Creek
West Branch of
Codorus Creek
West Branch of
Codorus Creek
Confluence of South
and West Branches
to mouth
From source to mouth,
and all tributaries,
named and unnamed
None
Add Cold Water
Fishery
From its confluence
with its East Branch
to its confluence
with Oil Creek
Add Cold water
Fishery
From its confluence None
with Oil Creek to its
confluence with the
South Branch
Add color not to exceed
50 units
Delete b2, d2
Add minimum daily average
of 6.0 mg/1 with no value
less than $.0 mg/1.
Temperature not to exceed
58°F (:L4.4.°c) or natural
temperatures, whichever is
greater.
Delete bp, dp,
Add TTnrnTtn'pn daily average
of 6.0 mg/1 with no value
less than 5.0 mg/1.
Add color not to
exceed 50 units.
-22-
-------
Table C (Continued)
Treatment Plant Effluent Criteria;
Facilities axe expected to be designed to meet the criteria at the
critical periods. In addition, facilities must be operated at all times
at that level of efficiency needed to meet requirements for thecritical
conditions. This will result in stream quality higher than the criteria
most of the time.
Specific; A minimum of secondary treatment is required for all waste
discharge in this area.
Secondary treatment is that degree of treatment which, in the opinion
of the Sanitary Water Board, will remove practically all of the suspended
solidsj will remove at least eighty-five (85) percent of the organic pol-
lution load as measured by the biochemical oxygen demand test; will accomp-
lish the removal of oils, greases, acids, alkalis, toxic, putrescible, taste
and odor producing substances, and other substances inimical to the public
interest in the receiving stream; will provide effective disinfection to
control disease producing germs; will provide satisfactory disposal of
sludge; and will produce a final effluent that is suitable for discharge
into the receiving wafers.
In certain waters of this area, secondary treatment of the present
waste discharges is inadequate now, or will be in the future, if the water
quality criteria recommended in Section VI of this report are to be met.
Tertiary treatment of wastes or other methods of advanced water quality
control will be needed for the following waters of this area:
Abatement
Watershed Zone Name Limits of Zone Requirements
Codorus Creek Codorus Creek Entire Codorus 95% to 98$ BOD
Creek Basin reduction; Nutrient
reduction; Color removal
or - Flow augmentation plus
Nutrient reduction and
Color removal
or - Transport secondary
Effluent to the Susquehanna
River
or - a combination of the
above
-23-
-------
Exhibit 1
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
I. GENERAL
The Sanitary Water Board, in accordance with its powers under the
Clean Streams Law, will issue appropriate orders, modify permits or take
other appropriate action to have all persons or municipalities under its
jurisdiction abate pollution to comply with the criteria. The Board, in
all cases, will require either immediate abatement or the submission of
a detailed abatement schedule providing for abatement within as short a
period of time as is* technically possible and will cause appropriate
investigations to be made to assure itself of compliance with the standards.
Facilities are expected to be designed to meet the criteria at the
critical periods. In addition, facilities must be operated at all times
at that level of efficiency needed to meet requirements for the critical
conditions. This will result in stream quality higher than the criteria
most of the time.
II. SPECIFIC
A minimum of secondary treatment, or its equivalent, is required
for all waste discharges in this area.
Secondary treatment is that degree of treatment which, in the opinion
of the Sanitary Water Board, will remove practically all of the suspended
solids; will remove at least eighty-five (85) percent of the organic
pollution load as measured by the biochemical oxygen demand testj will
accomplish the removal of oils, greases, acids, alkalis, toxic, putrescible,
taste and odor producing substances, and other substances inimical to the
public interest in the receiving streamj will provide effective disinfection
to control disease producing germs; will provide satisfactory disposal of
sludge; and will produce a final effluent that is suitable for discharge into
the receiving waters.
-24-
-------
Exhibit 1 (Continued
Color:
The effluents containing color must be controlled or other steps
must be taken to provide the following residual color in the receiving
stream during critical flow periods. Adequate steps taken to provide
flow augmentation or other unused flow will be considered in the
calculation of effluent requirements.
Date Color not to be exceeded, Pt-Co.
Units
7/1/69 500
12/31/72 250
12/31/74 125
12/31/76 50 (Tentative)
Dissolved Solids:
i). Where dissolved solids criteria are presently being met - Present.
ii). Where dissolved solids criteria are not being met - No later than
.12/31/76.
All other criteria:
No later than 32/31/70.
Appropriate orders will be issued in the following cases for control of the
materials indicated:
1. Sewerage - Additional bacteria control is needed at all sewage discharges.
In addition, the following BOD reductions or effluent standards are also needed:
Name Effluent Requirements
(a) Glen Rock Borough 95% BOD reduction
York County
(b) New Freedom Borough BOD not to exceed 15 mg/1 in effluent,
York County D.O. not less than 6 mg/1
(c) Spring Grove Borough BOD not to exceed 7 mg/1 in effluent,
York County D.O. not less than 6 mg/1
(d) Red Lion Borough BOD not to exceed 10 mg/1 in effluent,
York County D.O. not less than 6 mg/1
(e) PennTownship BOD not to exceed 10 mg/1 in effluents
York County D.O. not less than 6 mg/1
(f) City of York BOD not to exceed 7 mg/1 in effluent,
York County D.O. not less than 6 mg/1. Effluent
requirements for toxic materials to be
established (l)
-25-
-------
Exhibit 1 (Continued)
2. Industrial Waste Cases - Additional control is needed as indicated for the
following cases:
Case Name
(a) Hanover Wire Cloth
Hanover Borough
York County
(b) Keystone - Seneca
Wire Cloth Co.
Hanover Borough
York County
(c) N.W. Boyd Laundromat
New Freedom Borough
York County
(d) Williamson Veneer
New Freedom Borough
York County
(e) P. H. Glatfelter
Spring Grove Borough
York County
(f) AMP
Codorus Township
York County
(g) Certain-Teed Co.
Spring Garden Township
York County
(h) The McKay Co.
Spring Garden Township
York County
(i) New York Wire Cloth Co.
Spring Garden Township
York County
Requirements
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
BOD and detergent reduction.
Go to New Freedom Sewer System or,
BOD not to exceed 15 mg/1 in effluent.
BOD not to exceed 7 mg/1, D.O. not less
than 6 mg/1, color not to exceed 60
units, all in the effluent.
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Go to City of York, or 97% BOD reduction
based on Normal Raw Waste standards.
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
-26-
-------
Exhibit 1 (Continued)
Case Name
(j) United Piece Dye
Spring Garden Township
York County
(k) York Corporation
Spring Garden Township
York County
(1) Massell Mfg. Corp.
Spring Garden Township
York County
(m) Molybdenum Corp.
Spring Garden Township
York County
(n) American Chain
City of York
York County
(o) Massell Mfg. Corp
City of York
York County
(p) New York Wire Cloth
City of York
York County
(q) Penn Dairies
City of York
York County
Requirements
BOD not to exceed 10 mg/1 in the effluent.
Effluent requirements for toxic materials
to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Control of toxic materials. Effluent
requirements to be established, (l)
Go to city sewers or, 95$ BOD reduction
from Normal Raw Waste Standards.
Note (1): - Toxic material requirements for waters are to be based on USPHS
Drinking Water Standards or fish and aquatic life needs, whichever is less.
Effluent requirements will be uniform for discharges affecting the same body of
water. Materials to be controlled and the water quality standards include, but
are not limited to: Copper (0.02 mg/l), Zinc (0.05 mg/l)> Ammonia - N (1.5 mg/l),
Hexavalent Chromium (0.05 mg/l), trivalent chromium (l.O mg/l), and nickel
(0.1 mg/l).
-27-
-------
-------
B. Physical and Chemical Quality;
1. Physical Quality
(a) Color exceeded the Pennsylvania Standard set for the
West Branch and the Main Branch from the point of discharge of the P. H.
Glatfelter's Treatment Plant outfall at river mile 24.5 to approximately
the sample point at river mile 10.6. The color increased again at the
discharge for the York City Treatment Plant outfall at river mile 9.0
to the last sample point at river mile 0.6.
Color in excess of 50 units (Platinum - cobalt method) may limit
photosynthesis and have a deleterious effect upon aquatic life, par-
ticularly phytoplankton, and the benthic biota. Color can modify water
temperature and fish will have difficulty finding food. (See Figure III)
(b) Turbidity was not included in the Pennsylvania Water
Quality criteria however, the National Water Quality committee set
criteria as follows: "Turbidity in the receiving water due to a
discharge should not exceed 50 JTU in warm-water streams or 10 JTU in
cold-water streams."
This parameter is exceeded from the sample point at river mile
32.6 to the confluence of the West Branch and Oil Creek at river mile
28.1. This Section is classified by Pennsylvania as cold-water
fishery. (See Figure IV)
-28-
-------
(c) Temperature standards were only exceeded from the
sampling point at P. H. Qlatfelter's Treatment Plant outfall at river
mile 24.5 to the sampling point at river mile 14.4. Warm waste dis-
charges raise the temperature of the receiving waters with the following
concomitant effects:
(a) higher temperatures diminish the solubility of dissolved oxygen
and thus decrease the availability of this essential gas,
(b) elevated temperatures increase the metabolism, respiration, and
oxygen demand of fish and other aquatic life, approximately doubling
the respiration for a 10 C rise in temperature; hence the demand for
oxygen is increased under conditions where the supply is lowered,
(c) the toxicitv of many substances is intensified as the temperature
rises,
(d) higher temperatures militate against desirable fish life by
favoring the growth of sewage fungus and the putrefaction of sludge
deposits, and finally
(e) even with adequate dissolved oxygen and the absence of any toxic
substances, there is a maximum temperature that each species of fish or
other organism can tolerate; higher temperatures produce death in 24
hours or less. (See Figure V)
(d) pH in most fresh, natural waters usually has a range
between 6.5 and 8.5. In primary contact recreation waters, the pH
should be within the range of 6.5 and 8.3. The pH range for surface
water criteria for public water supplies is 6,0 to 8,5, (See Figure VI)
-29-
-------
(e) Solids in general are high; however, the concentrations
are within the limits of water quality criteria for designated usage.
Dissolved solid concentrations limit the light penetration, which in
turn limits the food chain for aquatic growth. Soil runoff has produced
some sediment problems, and is indicated in the concentration increase
of suspended solids during rainstorms.
-30-
-------
I
UJ
h* i
tt
UJ
.o
00
o:
o
_i
o
o
I
Q
.
UJ
UJ
o:
o
en
15
tr
o
o
o
o
-
-------
Q
CO
I
O
CO
LU
O
1
m
UJ
|jj
2 1 I"
CD
o
o
o
o
CVJ
CO
o
CVJ
TURBIDITY, JTU
-------
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in
CM
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8 & * & *
TEMPERATURE, 0 CENTIGRADE
CJ
10
UJ
oo =!
~
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UJ
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a:
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i
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13
CO
UJ
UJ
a:
o
co
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a:
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-------
(0
10
co
8
00
CM
(O
CM
-------
2. Chemical Quality
(a) Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical
Oxygen and Total Organic Carbon.
The results of these analyses were not completely representative
Concentrations of various chemicals, metals and organic material
(i.e., tennins and lignins) inhibited the bacterial action and inter-
fered with the chemical procedure for determining dissolved oxygen and
the biochemical oxygen demand. However, the analyses indicated that
there is a definite problem in the Codorus Creek which establishes an
existence of a number of dissolved oxygen values lower than accept-
able limits. (See Figure VII)
A bacterial seed for the biochemical oxygen demand determination
is required, This requires a period of one to two months to develop.
A mathematical model for the oxygen balance could not be de-
veloped. Recommendation is made that in the summer of 1972 additional
samples be taken after a proper seed has been developed to determine
the dissolved oxygen concentrations and long term biochemical oxygen
demands, with the resultant deoxygenation rate values.
When Chemical Oxygen Demand analyses are made, organic matter is
converted to Carbon Dioxide and water regardless of the biological
assimilability of the substances. Therefore, C.O.D. values are greater
than B.O.D. values when significant amounts of biologically resistant
organic matter is present.
-35-
-------
UJ
in
UJ
u.
o
UJ
Q.
<
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2
o
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E
8
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QL
Q_
=! UJ
I 1
ttL
O
Ul
CO
o
UJ
Ul
a:
o
or
o
o
o
o
o
o
S
NOIIVHOLVS % '
I I I
8 8
aaAiossra
i
o
-------
Q
Z)
CO
o:
CO
££
O
Q
O
O
(rt
>
14
HONV89 HinOS
dlS XdOA
dlS
a:
LU
SC °
^f
-------
-------
(b) Nutrients - (phosphorous and Nitrogen)
Nutrient concentration in this Basin is adequate to stimulate
troublesome growth of algae and aquatic plants. The color concentration
has limited this reaction. Evaluation of the Main and West Branches,
including loadings from wastewater treatment facilities and tributaries,
indicates that the impoundments at Spring Grove, for the Glatfelter
Company, reduced nutrients and the discharges from the wastewater
treatment facilities of Spring Grove and Glatfelter increased the loading
on the stream. However, the major loading occurred within the city of
York, either from the municipal facilities or the industrial complex.
(See Figure VIII)
Approximately 40 per cent of the total phosphorous and 20 per cent
of the total nitrogen entered the surface waters from the municipal
wastewater treatment facilities. The remainder was discharged from
industry and agricultural activities.
All wastewater treatment facilities sampled, except Penn Township,
exceeded the Pennsylvania concentration limit of 1.5 mg/1 for ammonia
(as N) as a toxic material.
(c) Metals
Analyses for various toxic heavy metals were conducted; however,
only three were present in measurable quantities. (See Table D) Two
of these, zinc and aluminum, are attributable to the metal finishing
-38-
-------
wastewater. Mercury, the third toxic metal, is harmful to aquatic life,
wildlife and human life, and comes from industrial wastes.
The concentration of aluminum in this Basin does not appear to be
toxic to the aquatic life. The high concentration noted at Station
SCOOOO was more likely from wash water from the water treatment plant
in the form of aluminum hydroxide. Any concentration more than 0,5 mg/1
will cause acute eye irritations. If any portion of this stream is to
be used as a body contact sport the concentration must be lowered to
less than 0.1 mg/1 to eliminate the eye irritation problem.
The Pennsylvania Water Quality Standards set the zinc toxic con-
centration at a maximum of 0.05 mg/1 for this basin. Most locations
exceed this limit. Zinc is affected by the degree of hardness. This
stream has hard water since the total hardness (as Calcium Carbonate)
exceeds 120 mg/1 at most locations. Calcium is antagonistic toward
the toxicity of zinc. Therefore, the concentrations of zinc are not a
hazard in the aquatic environment.
Mercury is a highly toxic metal. All municipal and industrial
wastewater facilities sampled indicated measurable amounts of mercury.
Other industries in the area appear to be discharging mercury into the
receiving waters also, The sources of discharge of this metal should
be identified and eliminated.
-39-
-------
Pennsylvania has set a limit of 1.5 mg/1 of total iron, and the
Water Quality Criteria established by NTAC sets a limit of 0.3 mg/1
of iron, 0.05 mg/1 for manganese for the usage classification of this
stream.
Iron and manganese concentrations vary within the various areas of
the Basin and exceed the above mentioned limits. Most high concentra-
tions are from municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, and from
backwashing of municipal water treatment plant filters. Iron, at
present concentrations, may cause problems with live stock watering
and fish. Cows will not drink this type of water which results in
lower milk production. Irritation and blocking of respiratory channels
in fish along with the smothering of eggs due to iron sedimentation will
reduce the fish population.
-40-
-------
METALS - Table D
STP
STP
IWP
STP
STP
STP
Station
COR001
COR005
COR007
COR009
COR014
WC0024
WC0025
WC0026
WC0033
WC0034
SCOOOO
SC0007
SC0015
OILOOO
OIL006
MILOOO
MIL009
River
- Mile
0.6
4.8
6.7
9.0
14.4
23.7
24.5
25.8
32.6
33.5
0.3
7.2
16.3
0.2
6.0
0.01
9.1
Fe
mg/1
0.8
0.6
1.3
1.7
-
1.20
0.6
-
0.3
0.2
4.0
0.9
-
0.4
0.3
0.3
_
Zn
rag/1
0,08
0.07
0.06
0.28
-
0.06
0.10
-
-
-
0.06
0.03
-
0.07
0.14
0.04
_
Mn
mg/1
0.16
0.06
0.24
0.11
-
0.73
1.28
-
0.50
0.05
0.15
0.08
-
0.10
0.05
0.06
-
Al
mg/1
1
1
1
1
-
2
1
-
-
-
6
1
-
1
1
1
_
Hg
mg/1
1
1
2
10,3
9
1
3
2
-
-
3
1
3
1
3
7
5
-41-
-------
(d) Miscellaneous Chemicals (See Table E)
Chlorides are found in most natural waters. In this Basin
they could be of natural mineral origin and derived from human or animal
sewage; from salts spread on fields for agricultural purposes; or from
industrial wastes. The highest concentration is discharged from the
Glatfelter plant.
Sulfates are also found in most natural waters. Sulfates are dis-
charged in numerous industrial wastes, Glatfelters plant discharges
the highest concentration.
Total Hardness, as Calcium Carbonate, determination along with
Calcium and Moynesium indicate the characteristic of this stream is hard,
This is generally due to the geology of the basin.
-42-
-------
MISCL. CHEMICALS- Table E
STP
STP
IWP
STP
STP
STP
STP
STATION
COR001
COR005
COR005
COR007
CORCO9
COR014
WC0016
WC0019
WC0022
WC0024
WC0025
WC 0026
WC0028
SCOOOO
SC0007
SC0014
SC0015
SC0016
ECOOOO
MILOOO
MIL008
MIL009
OILOOO
OIL005
OIL006
RIVER
-MILE
0.6
4.8
5.0
6.7
9.0
14.4
16.2
18.7
21.8
23.7
24.5
25.8
28.1
0.3
7.2
14.4
15.7
16.3
0.05
0.01
8.3
9.1
0.2
4.8
6.0
CHLORIDE
MG/L
75
36
81
81
49
77
141
147
139
194
468
42
8
15
8
8
35
10
14
35
29
57
32
55
57
-43-
'SULFATE
MG/L
36
64
31
30
78
23
37
39
38
44
99
39
10
11
8
8
27
9
10
35
20
40
29
63
64
-------
MISCLc CHEMICALS - Table E (Continued)
STP
STP
IWP
STP
STATION
COR001
COR 005
COR007
COR009
WC0024
WC0025
SCOOOO
SC0007
OILOOO
OIL006
MILOOO
RIVER
MILE
0.6
4.8
6.7
9.0
23.7
24.5
0.3
7.2
0.2
6.0
0.01
Ca
mg/1
39
41
38
36
58
103
15
15
39
25
36
Mg
mg/1
8
7
8
8
8
10
4
4
8
6
10
Total H
As CaC
rag/1
130
131
128
123
178
299
54
54
130
81
131
-44-
-------
C. Bacteriological Quality:
All bacteriological determinations were accomplished by the Mem-
brane Filter technique,
(1) Total coliforms are introduced to water courses via water
run-off and wastewater outfalls. They are considered significant as
indicator organisms because of their predominance in the intestinal
tracts of warmblooded animals. The fecal coliform density is roughly
proportional to the amount of excremental waste present, With ex-
ceptions, elevated coliform populations are suggestive of significant
contamination by excrement of warmblooded animals. Several factors
which cause fluctuations in total coliform populations are summarized
as follows:
Higher Lower
Sewage intrusion pH changes
Nutritive effluents Temperature changes
(Containing sugar, dairy
wastes, etc,)
Storm drains Land run-off (prolonged flow)
Land run-off Toxic wastes
(Initial flow)
Total coliform population limits set by Pennsylvania for this watershed
are for the period May 15 to September 15 of any year; not to exceed
-45-
-------
1000/100 ml as an arithmetic average value; not to exceed 1000/100 ml
in more than two consecutive samples; not to exceed 2400/100 ml in
more than one sample. For the period September 16 to May 14 of any
year; not to exceed 5000/100 ml as a monthly average value, nor to
exceed this number in more than 20 per cent of the samples collected
during any month; nor to exceed 20000/100 ml in more than 5 per cent
of the samples.
The National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the
Interior on Water Quality Criteria limits the total colifora by watershed
usage as follows:
Water Supply - 10,000/100 ml as permissable; less than
100/100 ml as desirable
Agricultural Usage - 5,000/100 ml as the monthly arithmetic
average density for two consecutive
samples; 20,000/100 ml for any one sample
The West and South Branches along with the Main Section of the
Codorus Creek exceeds the National Water Quality Criteria and Penn-
sylvania Criteria. The East Branch of the Codorus Creek, the Mill
Creek and the Oil Creek appear to meet the standards. (See Figures
IX and X)
(2) Fecal coliforms are gaining notoriety as pollution indicies
because of their relatively infrequent occurrence, except in associa-
tion with fecal pollution. Moreover, because survival of the fecal
coliform group is shorter in water courses than for the coliform group
as a whole, high fecal coliform levels indicate relatively recent
pollution.
-46-
-------
National Water Quality Criteria for fecal coliforms is as follows:
Primary Contact Recreation 2OO/1OO ml
General Recreation 2OOO/1OO ml
Public Water Supply 20OO/10O ml permissable
20/1OO ml desirable
The entire watershed with the exception of the East Branch of
the Codorus Creek and Mill Creek is only suitable for General
Recreation as indicated by this bacteriological indicator.
(3) Fecal Streptococci do not occur in pure water or virgin
soil, their presence in water courses indicates the existance of
warmblooded animal pollution. Their validity as an index of
pollution is enhanced by their inability to reproduce in water
courses. The following points should be considered when inter-
preting fecal streptococci data:
(a) The presence of this indicator in untreated water
indicates the presence of fecal pollution by warmblooded animals.
(b) Where the source and significance of the coliform
group are questionable, the presence of this group should be
interpreted as indicating that at least a portion of the coliform
group is derived from fecal sources. Water quality criteria for
fecal streptococci has not been established, however, their presence
in the entire watershed is an indication that there is fecal pollution
present.
(4) Fecal streptococci determinations, when accompanied by fecal
coliform studies, serve as a valuable tool in the differentiation
-47-
-------
of animal from human wastes. In intestinal wastes of human origin,
the ratio of number of fecal coliforms to number of fecal streptococci
tends to be greater than four. When this ratio is less than O.7,
this suggests pollution derived predominately or entirely from
livestock or poultry wastes. Ratios falling between 4.O - 0.7 are
not quite so certain. Limitations to this ratio are:
(a) Samples taken within 24 hours of flow time from origin
of pollution.
(b) p'H range of 4.0 to 9.0.
These limitations do not appear to affect the results of this study.
The results of this study indicates bacteriological pollution is
caused mainly by livestock or poultry wastes. There are some
indications of human waste pollution.
-48-
-------
BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA
FIGURE IX
K>,OOO-
g
X
1,000-
8
x
V)
to
z
o
§
a:
o
o
o
a:
S
o
o
? 100-1
o
o
o
2E 8 1
5 t g
LL UJ it
O ^ O
8 en u
-J d ^
< < <
u u t
UJ U O
U. U. h-
D O
10
15 20
RIVER MILE
25
30
MAIN STEM a WEST BRANCH
-------
10,000-1
BACTERIOLOGICAL
FIGURE X
DATA
FECAL COLIFORM
D FECAL STREPTOCOCCI
A TOTAL COLIFORM
OIL CREEK
K>
15 5
RIVER MILE
10
SOUTH BRANCH
MILL CREEK
OIL CREEK
-------
D. Biological Quality: (See Figure XI)
This portion of the study was accomplished in 1966 as a tributary
to the Susquehanna River Basin.
COR - 001 about 0.5 mile below LR66152 Bridge, York County.
At mile 1, Codorus Creek had recovered to the point where it
supported 13 kinds of bottom organisms. However, pollution-tolerant
Physa sp. snails, sludgeworms, and leeches still predominated. The
Susquehanna River receives an organic pollution loading from the
inflow of Codorus Creek.
COR - 006 about two miles below Bridge at intersection of T-839
and LR66021.
Below the City of York, significant organic pollution was in-
dicated. Only four kinds of bottom organisms were found, with sludge-
worms making up 1,191 of the 1,196 organisms in the quantitative sample.
COR - 014 at Pennsylvania Route 182 Bridge above York, Penna.
Codorus Creek was sampled immediately below the confluence of the
West Branch and the South Branch, and upstream from the City of York,
Pennsylvania. Seven kinds of bottom organisms were found in the
population of 35 organisms per square foot. Among these were three
kinds of caddis flies. Biological conditions at this station showed
an average of the high quality from the South Branch and the low
quality from the West Branch.
-51-
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WCO - 016 at First Bridge on LR6621O above Indian Rock Dam,
York County
This station was just above the confluence of the West Branch
with the South Branch Codorus Creek. Only one genera was present;
however, the size of the boulders in the stream did not permit
collection of a quantitiative sample. This genera was the pollution-
tolerant Physa snail, which was very abundant. Organic pollution is
still indicated at this station.
WCO - 019 at Pennsylvania Route 616 Bridge, North of New Salem,
Penn sy1vani a
About eight miles below Spring Grove, at mile 18, further
biological degradation from organic pollution was observed, with a
reduction in the number of kinds to four. Again sludgeworms (1,945
per square foot) and air-breathing snails (895 per square foot)
constituted the majority of the total botton organism population of
2,844 organisms per square foot.
WCO - 025 at T-452 Bridge, York County
This station was just below Spring Grove and reflected the
results of organic pollution from the Spring Grove area. Only five
genera were found, and pollution-tolerant kinds (air-breathing snails
and sludgeworms) dominated the population of 646 organisms per square
foot.
WCO - O28 South of LR66008 South of Spring Grove, Pennsylvania
Codorus Creek is formed by the juncture of its South Branch and
West Branch at stream mile 14.1. The West Branch is considered the
main stem. The first station on this tributary was located upstream
from Spring Grove at mile 27 on the West Branch. Good quality water
-53-
-------
was indicated by the 18 kinds (genera) of bottom organisms which
included clean-water associated caddisflies and mayflies, with a
population of 275 per square foot.
SCO - OOO near York, Pennsylvania Pumping Station below dam
The South Branch was sampled near its mouth, and unpolluted
biological conditions were found to exist. Thirteen genera of
bottom organisms'were found in the population of 223. These genera
included many clean-water associated forms.
Main Stem - SUQ - 043 at Wrightsville (W. B.) above US 30 Bridge
The last station on the Susquehanna River West Bank was located
at Wrightsville, Pennsylvania, opposite the Columbia, Pennsylvania,
station on the East Bank. The number of kinds of bottom organisms
here was reduced to ten, with 245 per square foot. Although clean-
water associated forms perdominated, with caddisflies (the dominant
form), scuds, mayflies, and gill-breathing snails present, the
reduction in number of kinds reflected the deleterious effects of
Codorus Creek, which enters in this reach.
Biotic Index (An index valve based on biological findings and
indicative of the cleanliness, with regard to organic pollution
of a portion of a stream)
Determinations at each of the stream stations was made for the
number of species of organisms that tolerate no appreciable organic
pollution (Class I) and the number of species that tolerate moderate
organic pollution but cannot exist under near anaerobic conditions
(Class II).
-54-
-------
-------
Biotic Index = 2(N Class I) + (N Class II)
N = Number of Species
The index may vary from O to 40. Above 10 is indicative of a
clean stream; a reading from 7 to 9 indicates an enriched stream;
a moderately polluted stream has readings between 1 to 6; a O reading
indicates a grossly polluted stream. (See Figure XII)
STATION
COR 001
COR OO6
COR 014
WCO 016
WCO O19
WCO 025
WCO O28
SCO 000
N
CLASS I
3
O
0
O
O
0
3
3
N
CLASS II
7
1
5
O
1
3
1O
10
BIOTIC INDEX
13
1
5
0
1
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16
16
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CHAPTER VI
SOURCES OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
A. Domestic Wastewater Discharges; (See Tables F and G)
All six (6) municipal wastewater treatment facilities located
in the Codorus Creek Basin discharge both domestic and industrial
treated wastewater. Located in this basin are four (4) small
school treatment facilities and one (1) discharge from a trailer
court. Only the six (6) municipal outfalls were sampled during
this study.
Springettsbury Township MUA facility utilizes a contact
stabilization process, chlorination and followed by a polishing
lagoon before discharging into the Codorus Creek. The capacity
of this facility is 8MGD. Nutrients appear to be high in the
wastewater discharge. Since this is a new facility, the plant
is experiencing some problems due to industrial wastes being
discharged in the collection system without adequate pretreatment.
The City of York facility is also using the contact
stabilization process followed by chlorination, and has a
capacity of 18 M.G.D. There is a plant by-pass; however, the
by-pass flow can be chlorinated. All parameters analyzed indicate
that this facility should be upgraded to meet water quality
standards for this section of the watershed. Also, enforcement
of the industrial waste ordinance is required.
-57-
-------
Imhoff tanks followed by a standard rate trickling filter and
chlorination is the process utilized by the Spring Grove facility
with a capacity of O.25 M.G.D. This facility is outdated and in
poor condition with the resulting poor effluent quality. Extensive
upgrading is required. The P. H. Glatfelter treatment plant
requires the addition of nutrients to its industrial waste. Before
Spring Grove undertakes any upgrading, they should investigate the
feasibility of combining their waste with Glatfelter, thus pro-
viding the nutrients for the industrial waste.
The Penn Township treatment plant utilizes the contact
stabilization process and chlorination to treat its wastes. The
plant capacity is 1.2 M.G.D. for parameters investigated.
Concentrations indicate an upgrading for existing criteria require-
ments. Industrial wastes discharged to this plant also appear to
lower treatment efficiencies.
The contact stabilization process at Glen Rock is followed by
chlorination and a polishing pond. The capacity is 0.3 M.G.D.
Nutrient removal is still a requirement for this facility.
i*ivvi e0visJwJL'
Red Lion facility is to by phaaad-^ut ahoi-tlj/. An
intercepter from this facility to the Springettbury Township plant
has been proposed. Federal and State funds have been applied for.
-58-
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B. Industrial Waste Discharges: (See Tables I, J, and K)
There are three recorded lists of industrial wastewater discharges
into the Codorus Creek Basin. These lists do not agree, and a study
would be required to determine which industries discharge directly
into the Codorus Creek Watershed and those that discharge into muni-
cipal wastewater treatment facilities.
The laboratory results, as show in the Appendix, indicates a
high concentration of heavy metals, solids, color and oxygen demanding
materials which could be attributed to the types of industries located
in this watershed. Metal finishing or plating industries contribute
heavy metals, color and solids. Paper industries contribute color,
solids and oxygen demanding substances. The agricultural and food
processing industries contribute nutrients, oxygen demanding materials,
turbidity, solids and bacteria.
One industry was sampled, P. H. Glatfelter, which discharges
into the West Branch of the Codorus Creek. Average outfall loadings
to the stream are listed in Table H.
The various parameters examined indicate additional treatment is
required to meet the water quality standards required for this portion
of the watershed. The existing system includes primary with chemical
treatment followed by a secondary process.
-61-
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Table I
YORK COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION INVENTORY
List of Industrial Waste Treatment Plants
Industry
AMP, Inc.
Glen Rock Water Authority
Hanover Wire Cloth Division
Keystone-Seneca Wire Cloth
N. W. Boyd Laundromat
Charles G. Summers Co., Inc.
SKF Industries, Inc.
American Machine & Foundry Co.
Campbell Chain Co.
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
Cole Steel Equipment Co.,
Inc., (N. P.)
Cole Steel Equipment Co., Inc.
(L. M.)
York Division - Borg-Warner
Corp.
Certain-Teed Products Corp.
Ness, Inc.
New York Wire Cloth Co., Inc.
McKay Co.
Schmidt and Ault Paper Co.
United Piece Dye Works, Inc.
Yorktowne Paper Mills
P. H. Glatfelter Co.
American Chain & Cable Co.
New York Wire Co.
Pfaltzgraff Co.
Location
Codorus Township
Glen Rock Borough
Hanover Borough
Hanover Borough
New Freedom Borough
New Freedom Borough
Penn Township
Springettsbury
Township
Springettsbury
Township
Springettsbury
Township
Springettsbury
Township
Springettsbury
Township
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
Spring Garden Town-
ship
York City
York City
West York Borough
General
Type of Operation
Metal Finishing
Water Filtration Plan
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Laundry
Cannery
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Mineral Products
Washing Equipment
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Paper and Pulp
Textiles
Paper and Pulp
Paper and Pulp
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Mineral Products
-63-
-------
Table J
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
List of
Existing" Industrial Direct Wastewater Discharges
Industry Name
GREATER YORK URBAN NODE
Manchester Township
General Time Corp.
Springettsbury Township
American Machine & Foundry
Cole Steel Equip. Company
York-Shipley, Inc.
Spring Garden Township
Borg-Warner, York Div.
Cole Steel Equip. Company
The McKay Company
Ness Company
New York Wire Company
York Water Company
West Manchester Township
Bowen McLaughlin
Dolomite Brick Corp
York Stone and Supply
West York Borough
Medusa Cement
The Pfaltzgraff Company
York City
American Chain & Cable Company
ACCO-E. W. Plant
New York Wire Company
RED LION URBAN NODE
Red Lion Borough
Flinchbaugh Pr., Inc.
GLEN ROCK URBAN NODE
Codorus Township
Aircraft Marine Pr.
Type of Industry
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Washing Equipment
Metal Finishing
Water Filtration Plant
Ordnance
Mineral Products
Mining
Mineral Products
Mineral Products
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing
-64-
-------
-------
Table J (Continued)
Existing Industrial Direct Wastewater Discharges
Industry Name
SHREWSBURY-NEW FREEDOM
RAILROAD URBAN NODE
Shrewsbury Borough
Hungerford Packing
Superior Wire
New Freedom Borough
Boyds Laundromat
Charles G. Summers, Inc.
SPRING GROVE URBAN NODE
Spring Grove Borough
P. H. Glatfelter
HANOVER PENN TWP. URBAN NODE
Hanover Borough
Keystone-Seneca Wire Cloth
Type of Industry
Food Products
Metal Finishing
Laundry
Food Products
Paper and Pulp
Metal Finishing
-65-
-------
Table K
STATE LIST OF DIRECT INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISCHARGES INTO THE
CODORUS CREEK BASIN
York City
American Chain & Cable
Cole Steel
New York Wire
Hanover Boro
Keystone Wire & Cloth
Hanover Wire Cloth
Spring Garden Twp
N. Y. Wire Cloth
York Div. - Borg/Warner (Thermal)
Cole Steel Co.
Molybdenum Co.
York Water Co.
Yorktowne Paper Mill
West York Twp.
PFALTZGRAFF Co.
Codorus Twp.
AMP, Inc.
Glen Rock Boro
Glen Rock Water Co.
Manchester Twp
General Time Corp.
New Freedom Boro
Boyd Laundry
Charles Summers, Co. Inc.
3
(Thermal)
Metal Plating
Metal Plating
Thermal
3
Metal Plating
Acid & Alk.
Sludge
Thermal
Mineral Products
Metal Plating (Thermal)
Sludge
Acid - Alk.
Abs - Las
Thermal
-66-
-------
Table K (Continued)
Shewsbury Boro
Hungerford Packing
Springettsbury Twp
Cole Steel Co.
American Mach. & Foundry
Springfield Twp
York City Sanitary Landfill
West Manchester Twp
Bowen McLaughlin
York
Thermal, Industrial Waste Spray
Metal Plating
Gichner Mobile Systems
Metal Plating & Domestic
Metal Plating
-67-
-------
APPENDIX
-68-
-------
Date
Sept.
11
12
13
U
17
19
20
21
CODORUS CREEK STUDY 1971
RAIN FALL
Classification
Showers & Thunder Showers
Showers & Thunder Showers
Showers & Thunder Showers
Showers & Thunder Showers
Showers
Showers
Showers
Showers & Thunder Showers
Precipitation
Time Begin Time End Amount
@8PM
NA
0000
0000
2050
0730
084-5
-
2130
2400
24-00
0700
_.
1315
0930
0615
_
0.53
0.63
0.05
0.08
0.07
Trace
Trace
0.90
-69-
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-------
-------
CODORUS CREEK STUDY 1971
DIURNAL OXYGEN STUDY
Station Ti^e Temp o
Q>
COROOl 2600 23 8.68 5.07 0.58
9/9/71 0745 23 8.68 5.02 0.58
0955 24 8.53 5.35 0.63
1140 24.5 8.45 5.64 0.67
1340 26 8.22 5.81 0.71
1545 26 8.22 5.87 0.71
1545 ' 26 8.22 5.68 0.68
1940 25 8.38 5.54 0.66
COR005 0615 23 8.68 3.45 0.40
9/9/71 0810 23 8.68 3.60 0.41
1008 23 8.68 3.90 0.45
1155 23.5 8.60 4.34 0.50
1357 24 8.53 5.17 0.6l
1556 24.3 8.48 4.80 0.57
1800 24 8.53 4-95 0.58
1954 25 8.38 4.91 0.59
COR007 0615 21 8.99 4-92 0.55
9/15/71 0800 20 9.17
1015 21 8.99 5.17 0.58
1210 22 8.83 5.17 0.59
1405 23.5 8.60 5.11 0.59
1600 25 8.38 4.76 0.57
1805 26 8.22 4.41 0.54
2005 25 8.38 5.34 0.64
COR014 0615 21 8.99 7.02 0.78
9/21/71 0820 20 9.17 6.53 0.71
1010 20 9.17 6.14 0.67
1210 20.5 9.08 6.28 0.69
1410 20 9.17 7.10 0.77
1610 20 9.17 6.86 0.75
1815 20 9.17 6.99 0.76
2010 19 9.35 7.15 0.76
WCO 016 0615 23 8.68 3.52 0.41
0810 23 8.68 3.40 0.39
0950 23 8.68 3.54 0.41
-104-
-------
Con't
Station Time Temp°c D< 0>
D- 0> 0bSm
WC0016 1205 24 8.53 4-40 0.52
U05 24. 8.53 4.15 0.49
1605 25 8.38 4-08 0.49
1755 24.5 8.45 4-45 0.£8
1900 24.5 8.45 4-38 0.52
1955 24.5 8.45 4-41 0.52
WC0019 0605 23 8.68 3.50 0.40
9/9/71 0755 23 8.68 3-48 0.4.0
0955 24 8.53 3.81 0.45
1155 25 8.38 4. 31 0.51
1350 25 8.38 4-03 0.48
1550 25.5 8.30 3.69 0.44
1800 25 8.38 3.65 0.44
1850 25 8.38 3.69 0.44
2000 25 8.38 3.70 0.44
W30022 0620 23.5 8.60 3.45 0.40
9/15/71 0830 23.5 8.60 3.63 0.42
1030 24 8.53 3.36 0.39
1220 24.5 8.45 3.33 0.39
1400 25 8.38 3.14 0.57
1600 25.5 8.30 3.37 0.41
1800 25.5 8.30 3.02 0.36
2000 25 8.38 3.44 0.41
WC0024 0635 25 8.38 3-24 0.39
9/15/71 0805 25 8.38 3.28 0.39
1005 25.5 8.30 3.44 0.41
1205 26 8.22 3.37 0.41
1435 27 8.07 3.64 0.45
1630 27 8.07 3.35 0.42
1830 27.5 7.99 3.75 0.47
2030 27 8.07 4.57 0.57
WC0028 0620 14.5 10.26 9.24 0.90
0800 14.5 10.26 9.19 0.90
1016 13.0 10.60 9.45 0.89
1205 14.5 10.26 9.82 0.96
1400 15 10.15 10.09 0.99
1600 16 9.95 10.01 1.01
1800 16 9.95 9.76 0.98
2000 16 9.95 9.40 0.94
SCOOOO 0625 20 9.17 7.49 0.82
9/21/71 0810 19.5 9.26 6.94 0.75
1000 19.5 9.26 7.12 0.77
-105-
-------
(Con't)
o
Station Time Temp Q D.O. Sat. D.O. Obs. Sat.
SCOOOO 1200 19.5 9.26 7.05 0.76
1400 20 9.17 7.4-6 0.81
1600 20.5 9.08 7.22 0.80
1805 20 9.17 7.^8 0.82
2000 20 9.17 7.92 0.86
SC0007 0645 18.5 9.44 7.46 0.79
9/21/71 0825 18.5 9.44 7.66 0.81
1013 18 9.54 7.65 0.80
1210 19 9.35 7.75 0.83
1405 20 9.17 8.31 0.91
1610 20.5 9.08 6.90 0.76
1800 20 9.17 7.93 0.86
2000 19.5 9.26 8.01 0.86
SC0014 0635 18.5 9.44 7.46 0.79
9/21/71 0802 18 9.54 8.35 0.88
1000 18 9.54 7.81 0.82
1157 19 9.35 8.18 0.87
1345 19.5 9.26 8.31 0.90
1605 20.5 9.08 8.14 0.90
1745 20.5 9.08 8.08 0.89
1945 19 9.35 7.83 0.84
SC0016 0625 18 9.54 8.86 0.93
9/21/71 0745 18 9.54 8.07 0.85
0920 17.5 9.64 8.81 0.91
0945 18 9.54 8.97 0.94
1145 18.5 9.44
1330 20 9.17 8.80 0.96
1545 21 8.99 9.54 1.06
1735 19.5 9.26 8.38 0.90
1935 18.5 9.44 8.30 0.88
ECOOOO 0635 21.5 8.91 7.87 0.88
9/21/71 0755 22 8.83 7.50 0.85
0950 22 8.83 7.93 0.90
1150 22 8.83 8.14 0.92
1350 22 8.83 7.77 0.88
1550 22 8.83 7.69 0.87
1755 22 8.83 7.73 0.88
1950 21 8.99 7.52 0.84
-106-
-------
(Con't)
Station
MILOOO
9/15/71
OILOOO
9/9/71
Time
0605
0815
0955
1155
1350
1550
1755
1950
0641
0812
1012
1219
1415
1615
1815
2000
Temp °c
19
18
18.
20
21.
23,
24
23
20.
20.
22
24-
27
27.
26,
D.O. Sat.
9.35
9.54-
9.44-
9.17
8.91
8.60
8.53
8.68
25.5
9.08
9.08
8.83
8.45
8.07
7.99
8.U
8.30
D.O. Obs.
8.20
8.27
8.58
9.52
9.62
9.66
9.67
9.16
5.03
5.94
8.65
11.85
12.74
11.86
8.92
5.94
Sat.
0.88
0.87
0.91
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.13
1.06
0.55
0.65
0.98
.40
.58
,4B
.10
0.72
D.O.
Sat.
Obs.
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Saturation
- Observed
-107-
-------
Station
CODORUS CREEK STUDY 1971
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Date
Total Coliform
Per 100 ml
Fecal Coliform Fecal
Per 100 ml Streptococcus FC/FS
COR001
COR005
COR005 STP
COR007
COR009 STP
COR011
COR014
WC0016
WC0019
WC0022
WC 0024
WC0025 IWP
WC0026 STP
WC0027
WC0028
SCOOOO
SC0007
SC0014
SC0015 STP
SC0016
ECOOOO
MILOOO
KEL008
MIL009 STP
10/29/71
10/29/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
10/29/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
10/29/71
10/29/71
9/20/71
10/29/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
10/29/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
11000
25000
11000
80000
6300
59000
30000
13000
17000
TNTC
310000
1700000
700
43000
29000
19000
18000
21000
1100
14000
2000
5800
15000
1900
345
455
150
900
260
1100
700
700
600
280
770
L.A.
<^ 10
510
560
540
700
1040
0
480
50
200
100
20
Per 100 ml
1300
14000
-*10
1000
360
7000
1500
2600
2200
920
660
110
«C 10
1000
750
750
330
550
40
780
1700
580
330
30
0.27
0.03
> 15
0.90
0.72
0.16
0.47
0.27
0.27
0.30
1.17
X
X
0.51
0.75
0.72
2.12
1.89
X
0.62
6.03
0.34
0.26
0.66
-108-
-------
(Con't)
Station
Date
Total Colil'orm
Per 100 ml
Fecal Coliform Fecal
PerlOO ml Streptococcus FC/FS
Per 100 ml
OILOOO
OIL005
OIL006 STP
9/20/71
9/20/71
9/20/71
18000
1500
«= 10
2300
600
*=^ 10
650
230
10
3.54
2.61
«= 1
STP
IWP
TMTC
L.A.
- Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
- Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
- Too numerous to count
- Laboratory Accident
-109-
-------
BOTTOM ORGANISM DATA
Station
Location
Codorus Creek
Codorus Creek
Codorus Creek
West Branch
Codorus Creek
West Branch
Codorus Creek
West Branch
Codorus Creek
West Branch
Codorus Creek
Station
Code
COR-001
COR-006
COR-014 ,
WC 0-016
WCO-019
WC 0-025
WCO-028
River
Mile
50.1 -
50.1 -
50.1 -
50.1 -
50.1 -
50.1 -
50.1 -
1
6
U
15
18
24-
27
Bottom
Number
Of Kinds
13
4
7
1
4
5
18
Organisms
Number Per
Square Foot
4-36
1,196
35
1
2,844-
646
275
Susauehanna River
at Wrightsville
(W.B.) SUQ-043
4-3
10
24.5
-110-
-------
-------
Station
COR-001
COR-006
Biological Data
Invertebrates
Present in
Qualitative Sample
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tubifex sp.
Hirudinea
Erpobdella sp.
Glossiphonia sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
Boyeria sp.
Libellula sp.
Zygoptera
Ischnura sp.
Neuroptera
Sialis sp.
Coleoptera
Ilybius sp.
Feltodytes sp.
Diptera
Tendipedidae
Folypedilum sp.
Simuliidae
Siioulium sp.
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Number of Each
Organism in
Quantitative Sample
Gyraulus sp.
Physa sp.
Total Number of Organisms
Oligocheata
Tubificidae
Tubifex sp.
Coleoptera
Gyrinus sp.
Trichoptera
Rydropsyche sp.
Diptera
Tendipedidae
Tendipes sp.
Total Number of Organisms
73
73
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
270
436
1191
1
3
1
1196
Per Gent of
Quantitative
Sample
16.74
16.74.
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
2.53
61.92
99.59
0.08
0.25
0.08
-111-
-------
-------
Station
Invertebrates
Present in
Qualitative Sample
Number of Each
Organism in
Qualitative Sample
Per Cent of
Qualitative
Sample
COR-014
WCO-016
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tubifex sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
Macromia sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsyche sp.
Neophylax sp.
Dipera
Diamesinae
Tendipedidae
Crytochironomus sp.
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pulmonata
Physa sp.
Total Number of Organisms
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pulmonata
Physa sp.
15
1
3
1
9
35
U.29
2.86
42.91
2.86
8.57
2.86
25.71
100.00
WCO-019
WCO-025
Total Number of Organisms 1
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tubifex sp. 1945
Coleoptera
Hyroporus sp. 1
Diptera
Tendipedodae
Metricenemus sp. 3
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pulmonata
Physa sp. 895
Total Number of Organisms 2844-
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tubifex sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsyche sp.
Diptera
Tendipedidae
Polypedilum sp.
-112-
73
1
62
68.39
0.03
0.11
31.47
11.30
0.15
9.60
-------
-------
Station
Invertebrates
Present in
Qualitative Sample
Number of Each
Organism in
Qualitative Sample
Per Cent of
Qualitative
Sample
WC 0-028
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pulmonata
Gyraulus
Fhysa sp.
sp.
Total Number of Organisms
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Llntnodrilus sp.
Tubifex sp.
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Asellus sp.
Decapoda
Cambarus sp.
Ephemeroptera
Hexagenia sp.
Isonychia sp.
Stenonema sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
Boyeria sp.
Neuroptera
Sialis sp.
Coleoptera
Stenelmis sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsyche sp.
Neophylax sp.
Diptera
Diamesinae
Tendipedidae
Polypedilum sp.
Tabanidae
Tabanus sp.
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pulmonata
Ferrissia sp.
Gyraulis sp.
Physa sp.
Total Number of Organisms
125
385
64.6
1
7
1
1
1
4-
21
1
1
1
224-
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
275
19.38
59.57
0.36
2.55
0.36
0.36
0.36
1.45
7.65
0.36
0.36
0.36
81.46
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
2.18
0.36
0.36
-113-
-------
-------
Station
Invertebrate s
Present in
Qualitative Sample
Number of Each
Organism in
Qualitative Sample
Per Cent of
Qualitative
Sample
SCO-000
Turbellaria
Tricladia
Dugesia sp.
Oligochaeta
Naididae
Nais sp.
Hirudinea
Erpobdella sp.
Ephemeroptera
Heptagenia sp.
Isonychia sp.
Stenonema sp.
Coleoptera
Psephenus sp.
Stenelmis sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsyche sp.
Neophylax sp.
Diptera
Diamesinae
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Prosobranchia
sp.
Pulmonata
Ferrissia sp.
32
1
1
1
16
8
1
1
120
1
32
8
1
14.35
0.45
0.45
0.45
7.18
3.58
0.45
0.45
53.81
0.45
14.35
3.58
0.45
Total Number of Organisms
223
-114-
-------
in]
-------
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