U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
                              WATER QUALITY SURVEY




                                   OF THE




                                 UPPER POTOMAC




                              ESTUARY ENFORCEMENT




                                CONFERENCE AREA




                                   1970




                                DATA REPORT




                                 Number 29
      ATLANTIC REGION-iii  6th and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106

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I                                Annapolis Field  Office
                                      Region  III
                             Environmental Protection Agency

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                                    1970  Data  Report


 ™                                     Number 29


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                 James W. Marks, Chief,  Analytical Laboratory  Section
 •            Orterio Villa, Jr., Chief, Development  Laboratory Section
 •                          Anna R. Favorite. Statistician
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     WATER QUALITY SURVEY


            OF THE


         UPPER POTOMAC


      ESTUARY ENFORCEMENT


        CONFERENCE AREA
            Staff:
Anna R. Favorite, Statistician
Evelyn P. McPherson, Technician

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I                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

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•                                                                Page
               I  INTRODUCTION	   1
•            II  STATION LOCATIONS	   7
             III  SURVEY RESULTS	   8
I            IV  MAP	appendix   i

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I                                  I INTRODUCTION

•           A.   Purpose and Scope
M                In August, 1970, the Annapolis Field Office, Region III,
             Environmental Protection Agency initiated a monitoring survey
I           to establish data on existing water quality with respect to
             possible enforcement proceedings.  The results of these in-
|           vestigations of the upper portion of the Potomac estuary are
             presented here.
             B.   General Remarks
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I                For the first week of sampling (August 12), only DO and
             bacterial analyses were made.  Subsequent nutrient runs in-
I           eluded DO, chlorophyll a, BOD and/ or carbon analyses.
                  Surface sample transects were made on the Maryland (RSM)
•           and Virginia (LSV) sides of the river with surface and usually
•           a bottom sample being taken in mid-channel (MC).
             C.   Sampling Procedures
I                Samples were obtained using a small submersible pump
             attached to a wire cable calibrated in feet.   The pump was
•           lowered to the desired depth and allowed to run for two
•           minutes before receiving samples in plastic containers.
             Dissolved oxygen (DO) samples were obtained directly from
•           the pump outlet extending to the bottom of a conventional
             300 ml DO bottle.  The sample was allowed to overflow the
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bottle several times and fixed.
     Bacteriological samples were taken from surface waters                         |
directly into a sterile 160 ml prescription bottle.                                 •
     Samples were stored on ice and analyses started upon
return to the Annapolis Field Office, generally within two                          I
hours of sampling.
D.   Measured Parameters and Analytical Methods                                     |
     1.   Water temperature was determined using a mercury                          _
thermometer inserted into the sample container immediately                          ™
upon collection.                                                                    I
     2.   Light extinction, in inches, was read with a 12"
(30 cm) white secchi disk.                                                          •
     3.   Total Phosphorus
          Reference:  Menzel, D.W. and Corwin, N., 1965.  The                       •
Measurement of Total Phosphorus in Seawater Based on the Lib-                       •
eration of Organically Bound Fractions by Persulfate Oxida-
tion.  Limonology and Oceanography, 10:  280-282.                                   •
          Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P., 1962.  A Modified Single
Solution Method for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural                       •
Waters.  Analytica Chimica Acta, 27:  31-36.                                        •
          Total Phosphorus was determined after persulfate
oxidation of the sample in an autoclave at 15 psi for 30                            •
minutes.  The resultant ortho-phosphate was then determined
colorimetrically as the molybdenum-blue complex with the op-                        |

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•            tical density measured at 882 JTHJI.
                   k-    Inorganic Phosphorus
•                      Reference:   Murphy, J.  and Riley,  J.P.,  1962.   A
•            Modified Single Solution Method for the Determination of Phos-
              phate in Natural Waters.   Analytica Chimica  Acta,  27:  31-36.
•                      Inorganic Phosphorus was determined by automation
              of the above  procedure using the Technicon "Auto Analyzer. "
I            The molybdenum-blue complex formed was determined colorimet-
•j            rically with  the optical density measured at 88£ m^.
                   5.    Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
•                      Reference:   Standard Methods for the Examination of
              Water and Wastewater,  12 ed., 1965.
|                      Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen includes ammonia and organ-
_            ic nitrogen and was determined by the standard micro-kjeldahl
              procedure.  The sample was digested in the presence of strong
I            acid to convert the organic nitrogen to ammonia.  The ammonia
              was then distilled,  collected in boric acid  solution, nessler-
•            ized and determined colorimetrically.
                   6.    Nitrate + Nitrite
•                      Reference:   A Practical Handbook of Sea Water  Analysis,
•            J.D.H.  Strickland and  T.R.  Parsons,  Bulletin 16?,  Fisheries Re-
              search Board  of Canada,  Ottawa,  Canada,  1968.
I                      Nitrate plus nitrite nigrogen was  determined by
              automation of the above procedure  using the  Technicon "Auto
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Analyzer."  This procedure utilizes cadmium reduction of

nitrate to nitrite and subsequent diazotizntion with sulfan-                        |

ilamide and N-(l-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride with                     «

the optical density measured at £l|0 mn>.  The results were re-
ported as nitrogen.                                                                 •

     7 .   Ammonia

          Reference:  Southeast Water Laboratory, FWQA,                             |

Methodology for the colorimetric determination of ammonia                           _

by the phenol-hypochlorite reaction.                                                *

          FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and                          •

Wastes, November 1969.

          Ammonia nitrogen was determined by automation of                          •

the phenol-hypochlorite procedure as described in the South-

east Water Laboratory Methodology and later adopted as the                          •

official FWPCA procedure.  The intensity of the indophenol                          •

blue color, formed by the reaction of ammonia with alkaline

phenol-hypochlorite, was increased using sodium nitroprusside                       •

as an intensifying agent.  The optical density was measured

at 630 mn and calculated as NH^-N.                                                  •

     8.   Dissolved Oxygen                                                          •

          Reference:  Standard Methods for the Examination of

Water and Wastewater, 12 ed. , 1965.                                                 I

          FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes, November 1969.                                                              |
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 •                      Dissolved Oxygen was determined by the azide modi-



              fication of the basic Winkler method with the titration done



 I            potentiometrically with a Fisher automatic "titralyzer."



 •                 9.   Biochemical Oxygen Demand



                        Reference:  Standard Methods for the Examination of



 I            Water and Wastewater, 12 ed., 1965°.



                        The Biochemical Oxygen Demand was determined by the



 I            azide modification of the basic Winkler method with the titra-



 _            tion done potentiometrically with a Fisher automatic "titraly-



 ™            zer."  The samples as received were diluted if necessary and



 •            transferred to standard 300 ml BOD bottles in triplicate.  One



              initial DO and two final DO determinations were used throughout.



 •            Incubation was started immediately at 20°C and continued for



              five days after which they were titrated.



 I                 10.  Total Organic Carbon



 •                      Reference:  Beckman Instruments, Bulletin If.059-



                        FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and



 •            Wastes, November 1969.



                        Total Organic Carbon was determined with a Dow-Beck-



 |            man Carbonaceous Analyzer after the sample had been purged with



 M            nitrogen gas for five minutes.



                   11.  Chlorophyll a




 I                      Reference:  A Practical Handbook of Sea Water Anal-



              ysis,  J.D.H. Strickland and T.R. Parsons, Bulletin 16?, Fish-




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eries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.  1968.
          Chlorophyll a was determined by extraction of mil-
lipore filtered samples in 90% acetone and read spectrophoto-
metrically.
     12.  Fecal Coliform
          Reference:  Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 12 ed., 1965.                                                I
          Water Pollution Control Research Series, WP-20-3.
          Fecal Coliform population was determined using the                       •
5 tube-3 dilution Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique.                            •
Lauryl sulfate tryptose broth was used for the presumptive
test with incubation at 35e±0.5eC.  EC medium was used for                         I
the confirmatory test with air incubation at l|5.5e-0.5°C.
The results were reported as the Most Probable Number (MPN).                       I
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     13.  Fecal Streptococcal Group
          Reference:  Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 12 ed., 1965.                                                •
          Fecal Streptococcal population was determined using
the 5 tube-3 dilution Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique.                        |
Azide dextrose broth was used for the presumptive test with                        _
incubation at 35e±0«5>eC.  Ethyl violet azide broth was used                        ™
for the confirmatory test with incubation at 35e±0.5°C.  The                       •
results were reported as the Most Probable Number (MPN).
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                                  II STATION LOCATIONS


             Station              Location
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                 0                Anacostia River, South Capital Street Bridge
I               1                Key Bridge
                 2                llith Street Bridge
                 3                Haines Point
•               k                Bellevue
                 IjA               Goose Island
|               5                Woodrow Wilson Bridge
_               6                Broad Creek
                 7                Piscataway
•               8A               Gunston Cove
                10                Indian Head
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                                  INSERT A
UPPER POTOMAC  ESTUARY

   ENFORCEMENT SURVEY
            1970
                                             1NSCRT SCALE IN MILCS

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