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of these cancer occurrences. Although linkages of cancer ii
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VOC EMISSIONS IN OZONE NON-ATTAINMENT AREAS
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from a myriad of sources, which include
stationary, or "point" sources (refineries, chemical plants, etc.), area sources (dry cleaners,
gas stations, etc.), and mobile sources (motorized vehicles, airplanes, etc.). VOCs are
significant both as a precursor to ozone (which contribute to adverse respiratory impacts)
and as an indicator of toxic air pollutants (50% of toxic air pollutants are VOCs).
Findings:
* In non-attainment areas, the 1987-88 VOC emissions data indicate that point
sources are a relatively small contributor to total VOC emissions. The major
contributors of VOC emissions are area and mobile sources.
* The 14% VOC emissions from point sources are the remains of a massive effort
of control over the last 20 years. But, even if VOC emissions from point sources
are reduced to zero, the collective impact of area and mobile sources may still
result in ozone non-attainment and substantial loadings of toxic air pollutants.
* While the percentages of total VOC emissions will vary for specific areas of
concern, substantial reductions in VOCs cannot occur without addressing area and
mobile sources.
* Traditional regulatory efforts alone will not be enough to curb VOC emissions
because much of the mobile and area source emissions are caused by individual
actions.
Management Recommendations:
* Extensive outreach should be conducted to educate the public on how their
actions affect and how changes in their actions can reduce VOC emissions, and
the effect of these emissions on human and ecological health.
* Region III should continue to participate in or lead national initiatives to reduce
VOC loadings.
* Region III should explore possible new regional initiatives to address area and
mobile source contributions to VOC loading and should continue to participate in
existing actions such as transportation initiatives—i.e., trip reduction program,
transit subsidy, etc. Active sponsorship or promotion of alternative fuels or cars is
an important and visible role that the Region might undertake.
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Figure 1
SOURCES OF VOC EMISSIONS
FROM OZONE NON-ATTAINMENT AREAS *
60%
MOBILE
26%
AREA
14%
POINT
FROM 1987-1988 EMISSION INVENTORY
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