-------
rtJ _
T 3 £ *
* ^ - C
c s rr.
i.
O
-Q -C *
5g O H-
Portunidae
Portunus sp. 1/8
1
0.05
Xanthidae
Eriphia squamata 1/8 3/8
1 2.4
0.05
Menippe obtusa 1/8
2
0.1
Panopeus bewnudensis 4/8 4/12
6 8.4
0.3
Platypodia (?) sp. 1/8 1/12
3 0.6
0.2
PilwmuB reticulatus 4/8
4
0.2
Xanthodius stimpscni 4/8
19
0.9
xanthid indet. 3/8 2/12
4 3.6
0.2
161
-------
APPENDIX F
A catalog of macroscopic species found in ten 0.125 m2 quadrat samples in
the mangrove community adjacent to the Galeta laboratory. A "+" indicates
presence; "++" indicates great abundance. Joyce Redemske Young provided
the data for the algae.
Quadrat Number
9 10 Ave/m2
TAXA
1
8
CYANOPHYTA
Filamentous blue-
green
Large bulbous
blue-green
CHLOROPHYTA
Caulerpa
fastigiata
Chaetomorpha
bradhygona
Chaetomorpha
alavata
Chaetophoraceae-
- appressed
green coalesced
filaments
Cladophora sp.
Cladophoropsis
merribranaaea
Halimeda opuntia
RHODOPHYTA
Bostrydhia
binderi
Caloglossa
leprieurii
Catenella vepens
CentTooevas
alavulatum
crustose red
coralline
creeping gslidiale
Lauvenoia
papillosa
Murray ella
periclados
++
+ +
++
4- ++
amoroa
162
-------
Quadrat Number
TAXA 1 2
Polysiphonia houei
Spyridia
filamentosa
PORIFERA
Class Demospongia
Geodia sp. +
Porifera sp. 1 M
Porifera sp. 2 M
COELENTERATA
Class Anthozoa
Anthopleura. .,
krebsi
Zoanthus
sooiatus
SIPUNCULA
Golfingia sp. 1
Golfingia 1 sp. 2
Golfingia ? sp. 3
Golfingia ? sp. 4
Li, thaoTOs iphon
sp. 3
Paraspidosiphan
fisheri
Pcacaspidosiphon
spinoso-
sooutatus
Parajspid osiphon
steenstrupi,
Paraspi dos iphon
sp. 4
Fhasaolosoma
antillarum
Fhasoolosoma
pevluoens
Phascolosoma sp. 3
Phascolosoma sp. 4
ANNELIDA
Class Polychaeta
Family Amphinomidae
Eurythoe complanata
Amphinomid sp. 1
Family Arabellidae
Arabella mutana
3456789 10 Ave/m2
++
4.
+
+
3 4.8
275 21 945 992.8
7 5.6
7 5.6
1 0.8
1 0.8
1 0.8
2 1.6
22 1 9 12.0
2 3 40
(_ «j ~ • \j
2 4 4.8
2 1 6
£_ 1 * \J
156 226 190.4
3 2.4
6 1 5.6
412 5.6
2 1.6
216 14 18.4
163
-------
Quadrat Number
TAXA 1 2
Family Capitellidae
Notomastus lineatus
Family Glyceridae
Glycera
oxycephala
Family Leodicidae
Eunice afro.
Eunice aphvoditois
Eunice caribaea 1
Family Nereidae
Nereis callaona
Perinereis
elenacasoi
Platynereis ,
Pseudonereis
gallapagensis
Family Phyllodocidae
Euldlia
myriacyclim
Family Sabellidae
Hypsicomus
torquatus
Family Syllidae
Autolytus magnus
Langerhansia
covnuta
Opisthosyllis
bvunnea
Family Serpulidae
Serpulid sp0 1
Serpulid sp0 2
Spirorbis sp. ++ ++
Family Terebellidae
Eupolyrmia ?
nebulosa
Loimia medusa
ARTHROPODA
Class Crustacea
Order Decapoda
Suborder Natantia
Natantia sp0 1
Pasiphaeid sp. 1
3456789 10 Ave/m2
8 3 8.8
1 n R
1 U . O
8 6.4
11 6 7.2
3 2.4
4 99 82.4
0.8
1 2 2.4
1 0.8
1 0 8
i \J » \j
1 1 1.6
1 0 8
< \j . u
1 n ft
1 U . O
1 0.8
2 1.6
++ ++
2 1 fi
f- 1 . O
1 0.8
1 1 1.6
2 2 2.4
164
-------
Quadrat Number
TAXA 1 2
Alpheus sp.
Alpheus viridari
Alpheus
armillatus
Ambidexter
symmetrieus
Suborder Reptantia
Upogebia sp.
Clibanarius sp. 10 8
Panopeus sp. 1 5 2
Panopeus sp. 2 3
Panopeus sp. 3
Pachygrapsus -.
sp. 1 '
Miarophrys ,
biGornutus
Voa sp. 1
MOLLUSCA
Class Gastropoda
Batillcafia a<->n 70
minima
Neritina
virgines
Nassarius vibex 3 1
Planaxis nucleus 1
Planaxis
lineatus
Tricolia bella
Gastropod sp.
Cerithiid sp.
Bailya intrioata
Cerithium sp.
Hyalina avena
Hissoina
de cuss at a
Cantharus
auritulus
3456789 10 Ave/m2
1 0.8
1 0.8
113 1 4.8
1 0.8
2 1.6
131 6 9 8 17 4 153.6
11 1 8.0
1 1 4.0
1 0.8
12 2 4.8
1 1 2.4
11 1 2.4
324 147 49 17 25 227 1350.4
1 2 27 41 60.0
1 4.0
0.8
1 0.8
1 0.8
1 6 5.6
2 1 2.4
4 3.2
3 2.4
2 1.6
2 1.6
1 0.8
165
-------
Quadrat Number
TAXA 1 2
Cerithiopsis
emersoni
Heliacus
infundibulus
Anadhis
cpassilabris
Class Bivalvia
Phaooides ,- -, -,
peatinatus
Isognomon bicolor 1
Coddkia 3 1
orbicularis
Coddkia -,
orbioulata
Aroopsis adamsi
Cy athodonta
semirugosa
Brachidontes
exustus
Lithophaga nigra
Lithophaga
bisulaata
pinotada
Tadiata
Diplodonta
punctata
ECHINODERMATA
Class Ophiuroidea
Ophiolepis
pauaispiva
Ophiuroid sp.
3456789 10 Ave/m2
1 0.8
1 0.8
1 0.8
44 32 11 32.0
1 1.6
2 11 9 13.6
0.8
8 11 15.2
1 2 6 2 8.8
3 2.4
4 3.2
3 2.4
2 1.6
1 0.8
1 0.8
1 0.8
166
-------
APPENDIX G
Names and present addresses of the authors of each section are given below.
Questions, requests for further details or for general information would
be most efficiently addressed directly to the person responsible for the
specific section. It is suggested that specific taxonomic questions be
referred to the authority on the subject cited in the Acknowledgments
section.
Sections IV, VIII, IX, XIII:
Charles Birkeland
Marine Laboratory
University of Guam
P.O. Box EK
Agana, Guam 96910
Sections V, VI, X:
Amada A. Reimer
Department of Biology, Zoology Section
208 Life Sciences Bldg I
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Other Sections:
Address questions to either Birkeland or Reimer
All questions concerning Algae:
Joyce Redemske Young
Department of Botany
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
167
-------
SECTION XVI
INDEX OF ORGANISMS
Acanthina brevidentata3 37, 149
muricata3 149
Aaanthoohitona hemphilli3 111
interfissa3 111
pygmaea3 111
spiculosuss 111
Acanthonyx petiverii3 141
Acanthophora spicifera3 11, 102
Acanthopleura granulata3 101
Acetabularia crenulata3 101
pusilla3 101
Achelia sawayai3 133
Acmaea antillarwn3 113
pustulata3 113
sp., 113
j4etaea setigera3 140
Agaricia agaricites3 12, 107
Aitpasia tagetes3 106
Alcirona insularis3 159
alpheids, xi
Alpheus armillatus, 135, 165
bahamensisj 135
cristulifrons3 135
fromosus3 136
normanni3 136
nuttingi, 136
paracrinitus3 136
• 1 O£
peasei3 Ioo
ridleyi, 136
schmitti3 136
• 1 OC
StstitLlS3 I OD
sp., 136, 165
viridari3 165
Ambidexter symmetricus, 138, 165
Ammothea sp. 1 & 2, 159
Arrmothella appendiculata3 133
spp., 133
amphineuran spp., 151
amphinomid, 20
Amphinomid sp. 1, 123, 163
sp. 2, 123
Amphiodia repens3 109
Amphiodia sp. L, 109
Amphipholis sp., 109
sp. A, 109
amphipod, 49, 80
Amphiroa brasilensis, 102
fragilissima, 102
polymorpha, 147
rigid-la v. antilliana, 102
sp., 102
amphiurid ophiuroids, xi
Anaohis boivini, 150
oatenata, 117
orassilabris3 166
diminuta3 150
fluctuata3 150
/u^ya, 150
Iyrata3 150
rug-osaj 37, 150
sp. 1, 117
sp. 2, 117
varia3 150
Anadyomene stellata3 101
Ana-itides erythrophylla, 128
sp., 154
Ancinus brasili-ens-is3 47, 48, 49
anemones, 2, 28, 107
Anoplodaotylus batangense3 133
ereotus3 158
evelinae3 158
portus3 158
pygmaeus3 158
sp., 158
spp., 133
viridintestinalis3 158
-Anthopleura dowii3 33, 36
krebsi3 116, 163
sp., 116
Anfhosigmella varians, 12
anthozoans, 23
Antithamnion ooaidentale, 147
Antithamnion-type, 102
sp., 148
168
-------
Aphrodita n. sp., 123
Arabella inutansj 123, 151, 163
sp., 152
Area, 19
imbricatas 118
mutabilisj 150
Aroopsis adamsi, 118, 166
Arene eruentata* 113
trioarinata, 113
ascidians, 56, 58
Ascorhynahus castellioides, 133
latipes, 133
Aspella indentata, 149
Aspidosiphon spp., 121
Asterias forbesi, 98
Astraoystis ramosa, 103
^straea eaelata, 113
phoebia, ]13
Astrangia solitaria, 107
Atylus minikoij 48
Autolytus magnus, 33, 130, 156, 164
n. sp., 130
Automate reotifrons, 136
Bailya i-ntricata, 117, 165
Balanus, 28, 30, 31, 34
amphitrite3 28, 158
inexpectatus, 28, 158
spp., 30, 31, 33, 36
tintinnabulim, 28, 158
trigonus, 56
Balds intermedias 115
sp. 1, 115
Barbatia, 100, 143
domingensis, 118, 143
spp., 118
tenera, 118, 143
Batillaria minima, 41, 145, 165
Bhawania goodei, 128, 153
riveti> 154
Bittium varium, 115
BoGcardia proboscidea, 33, 36, 156
tricuspa, 33, 156
Bostrychia, 42
binderi, 41, 42, 162
radioans, 147
Bostryoaladia tenuissima, 147
Braahidontes citrinus, 119
exustus* 166
puntarenensis, 36, 150
reezafusj 119
semilaevis, 33, 36, 150
sp., 40, 45
brachiopod, xi
Bryopsis galapagensis, 146
plumosa, 101
bryozoans, 26, 40, 56, 58, xii
Bursa cubaniana, 116
Caecum spp., 148
Caleinus obsourus, 160
Callipallene sp., 134
Calloplax janeirensis, 111
Caloglossa Ieprieurii3 41, 42,
147, 162
Cantharus auritulus, 165
tinetuSj 117
Cardita radiata, 37, 151
Catenella, 42
repens, 41, 42, 162
Cauleriella sp., 124
Caulerpa, 42
cupressoidesj 101
fastigiata, 42, 162
racemosa, 12, 101
racemosa v. oecidentalis} 146
sertularioides, 12, 101
viakersiae V. furcifolia, 101
Centrocerae clavulatum, 103, 147,
162
Ceramium byssoidewn, 147
oruoiatwn, 103
fastigiatum, 103, 147
leutzelburgiif 103
personatwn, 147
sp., 103
Ceratonereis mirabilis, 127
Cerianfhus sp., 105
Cerithiid sp., 165
Cerithiopsis emersoni, 165
Cerithium eburneum, 114
germatum, 148
litteratum, 115
sp., 165
sp. 1, 114
stercusmuscarwn, 148
169
-------
variabile, 114, 145
Chaetomorpha antennina, 146
braohygona, 42, 101, 162
olavata, 42, 162
sp., 101, 146
Chaetozone sp., 124
Chama eehinata, 151
maoerophyI la, 12 0
Champia parvula, 103
Charonia variegata, 116
Cheila equestris, 115
chiton, 37, xii
Chiton viridis, 112
Chondria floridana, 103
tenuissima, 103
Cftone sp., 129
Choneplax lata, m
Chthamalus panamensis, 26, 158
Cirratulid sp., 124, 152
Cirratulus oirratulus, 124
Cirriformia luxuriosa, 36, 124, 152
punotata, 124
tentaculata, 37, 152
Cittarium pica, 113
Cladophora sp., 101, 162
Cladophoropsis, 42
membranaoea, 101, 162
rubusta, 146
Clastotoeohus nodusus, 139
Clibanarius, 41
albidigitus, 160
sp., 165
Codakia oostata, 120
orbioularis, 120, 166
orbiculata, 120, 166
Codiwn isthmocladium, 101
santamariae, 146
Conus fergusoni, 150
mws., 118
Coralliophaga coralliophaga, 119
Coralliophila aberrans, 116
caribaea, 117
squamosa, 149
Corbula contraota, 121
Craniella sp., 12
Crassispira disoors, 150
sp., 118
sp., 40, 45
Cvepidula aculeata, 149
ineurva, 149
lessoniij 149
marginal-is, 149
onj/Xj 149
plana, 116
str-iolata, 36, 149
crustaceans, 2, 18, 28, 41, 80
Crustose coralline, multipored, 147
Crustose coralline, one pore level, 147
Crustose coralline, one pore raised,147
Crustose coralline sp. B, 103
Crustose coralline sp. C, 103
Crustose coralline sp. D, 103
Crustose coralline sp. E, 103
Crustose coralline sp. F, 103
Crustose coralline sp. G, 103
Crustose coralline sp. H, 103
crustose coralline spp., 103
crustose red coralline, 162
Cumingia anti.1larwn3 121
lamellosa, 150
Cyathodonta semirugosa, 166
Cyclapsis sp., 47, 48
Cyclostremisaus beaui, 114
panamensis, 148
Cymatium gibbosum, 149
nicabariaim, 116
pileare, 116
Cypraea arab-Lcula, 149
cervinetta, 149
zebra, 116
Cypraeoassis test-iculus, 116
DapTmella lyrnneiformis, 118
Dasybranchus limbr-ioo-ides, 123
decapod, 105
Demonax sp., 129
Dendrostomum sp., 121
Derbesia sp., 101
Diadumene leucolena, 33, 36
Diahoooenia stokesii, 32, 107
Dictyopteris delicatula, 102
D-iotyospnaeria cavernosa, 12, 101
vanbosseae, 101
Dictyota eoncresaens, 146
sp., 102
Diodora cayenensis, 112
dysoni, 112
170
-------
minuta, 112
variegata, 112
Diplodonta punotatas 120, 166
Diplosoma macdonaldi, 56
Disoinisoa strigata, 56, 107, 151
Dispio sp., 48
Dodecaceria ooncharum, 124, 152
Domeeia acanthophora, 141
Donoa: spp., 48, 49
Dorvillea cerasina3 152
rubrovittata, 124
Orupa nodulosa, 116, 145
Dynameriella aff. acutitelson, 159
n. sp. A, 159
setosaj 159
sp. 1, 159
sp. 2, 159
echinoderms, 18
Emarginula phrixodes, 112
pumila, 112
Emerita braziliensis, 48, 49
Enteromorpha flexuosa, 146
sp., 102
Epialtus sp., 141
EpiphelHa n. sp., 106
Epitonium candeanum, 115
lamellosian, 115
nit-idisecij 148
OQC'identale 3 115
sp. 1, 115
Eriphia gonagra, 141
squamata, 161
Eryci.no. emmonsi,, 120
perisoop-Lana, 120
Erythropodiim ccanbaeorum^ 11, 105
Eteone sp., 154
Euchewna echinoearpwn, 103
Eulalia myriaoyoluirij 154, 164
wir-idis, 37, 154
Eumida bifoliate., 154
Eunice afra, 125, 164
antennata aedificatrix, 125
aphroditois, 125, 164
cariiaea,, 85, 86, 125, 164
fitamentosa, 125
sp., 125, 152
webstcri, 125
Euplewa nitida, 149
Eupleurodon tpifurcatus3 160
Eupolyrmia nebulosa, 132, 157, 164
Eurinereis n. sp., 153
Eurycyde raphiaster,, 133
sp., 133
Eia>ythoe oomplanata, 123, 163
Exoirolana slavadorensis3 47, 48, 49
Exoorallana aff. tricomis3 159
Exosphaeroma diminution, 48
Fartulum sp., 148
Fasoiolaria tulipa, 117
Favia fragum, 107
Fissurella angusta, 113
barbadensisj 113
miorotrema, 37, 148
rug'osa, 148
vifescens, 36, 148
Fosiella sp., 104, 147
Fossavus atratus, 37, 149
Fossarus megasoma, 149
Gastvochaena hians, 121
gastropods, 2, 21, 165, xi
gelidiale, 162
Gelidiella acerosa, 12, 104
sp., 147
ffelidiirn pusiIlum, 104
Geodia sp., 163
Giffordia indica, 102
Glycera oxycephala, 126, 164
sp., 126
tesselata, 126
Gnathophyllwn americanwn, 135
panamense, 160
Golfingia, 41
sp., 121
sp. 1, 163
sp. 2, 163
sp. 3, 163
sp. 4, 163
Goniada aciaula, 126
Goniotrichiwn alsidii, 104
Gonodactylus austrinus, 134
bredini, 134
cerstedii, 134
sp., 134
171
-------
Graailaria brevis, 147
mammilarisj 104
Gregariella coralliophaga, 119
Griffithsia globifera, 104
rod-leans, 104
Gymnogongrus crustiforme, 147
Halicystis osterhoutiij 102
Ealimeda, 23, 24, 25
opuntia, 11, 25, 41, 102, 162
tuna., 102
Halosydna leuoohyba, 128
sp. 1, 128
Halyosyllis spongioola, 37, 131, 156
Harmothoe sp., 128
Heliaaus bisulaatus, 114
cz/ lindr-icus, 114
infundibuliformis, 114
infundibulus, 165
hemichordate spp.,111
Remitoma oetoradiata, 112
sp., 112
Hermodioe oavunoulata, 123
Herposiphonia secunda, 104, 147
tenella, 104, 147
Eesione picta, 126
Heterocrypta maorobrachia} 142
Hildenbrandia prototypus, 147
#ippa sp., 48, 49
Hippolyte Giccaoaoens-ist 138
Hipponix antiquatus, 115
grayanus, 148
panamensis} 31, 33, 36, 148
pilosus3 148
subrufus* 115
holothurian spp. ,111
Hyalina albolineata3 118
auena., 118, 165
tenuilabra, 118
hydroids, 26
Hypnea cervicomis, 104, 147
spinella, 12, 104
Hypsioomus torquatus, 129, 155, 164
Inacho-id.es laevis, 160
Isaiccus duohassaingi, 12, 106
Ischnoch'iton papillosus, 112
pectinatus, 112
purpurascens,
112
t refer to Isohnoahiton
Isognomon, xi
bioolor, 119, 166
vadiatus, 119, 145
recogn-itus, 33, 36, 151
isopods, xi
Jaeropsis rathbunae, 159
Jania adherens, 104, 147
sp., 104
Langerhansia comuta, 131,, 164
mexicana3 131
Lasaea rubra3 37, 151
sp., 37
Latirus eapinifera, 117
Laurencia, 23, 24, 25
papillosa, 2, 11, 23, 24, 25,
41, 42, 104, 162
sp., 157
Lepidastheni-a gi,gas3 154
Lepidochitona Iiosonis3 111
Lepidonotus ovosslandi, 36, 154
hwnilis, 129
nesophiluSj 154
pomaTae, 154
Lepidopa spp., 48
Leptodius floridanus, 140
LeuGOZonia ocellatat 117
Lima pellucida, 119
Linopherus oanariensis3 128
Lioberus castaneus, 119
L-ithacrosiphon sp. 3, 163
spp., 121
Lithophaga aristata3 31, 33, 36, 151
bisuloata, 119, 166
ni-gra, 119, 166
Littorina aspera, 148
duboisa, 148
lineolata, 114, 144
meleagris, 144
tesselata, 144
z-iczac, 144
Lobophora variegata, 102
Loimia medusa, 132, 157, 164
Lophosiphonia sp., 104
Luoina pensylvanica, 120
Lwribrinereis inflata, 126, 153
Lysaretid sp., 126
172
-------
Lysidiae ninetta, 33, 37, 152
Lysmata intermedia, 138
Maeoma tenta, 120
Macrocoeloma subparallelwn, 142
magelom'd polychaete,
Majid sp. F, 142
Mangelia fusoa, 118
Marphysa n. sp., 125
Mediaeter aequalis, 97
Megalobraohium poeyi, 139
rosewn, 139
seriatim, 139
Megaloma vesiculoswn, 129
Melinna n. sp., 123
Membranipora hastingsae, 28
tuberculata, 28
Menippe obtusa, 161
Mesanthura, 159
Metalpheus rostratipes, 137
Micropanope sp., 140
Microphrys bioomutus, 142, 165
Microprotopus sp., 48
Millepora complanata> 11, 105
Mithraoulus, refer to Mithrax
Mithrax acuticomis, 142
coryphe, 142
sp., 142
spinossissimus, 141
Mitra lens, 150
sp., 117
Modiolus americanus, 118
Modulus disoulus, 148
modulus, 114
mollusks, 2, 18, 26, 27, 31, 41,
82, 100, xii
Monamphiura, refer to Amphiura
Morula lugubris, 149
Murioanthus radix, 149
Murioopsis zeteki, 149
Murrayella periolados, 41, 42, 162
Nassarius exilus, 150
vibex, 165
Natantia sp. 1, 164
Neanthes n. sp. 1, 127
speudonoodti, 153
sp., 127
nemertean spp., 107
nemerteans, 2, 28, 33, 36, 48
Neopisosoma mexicanwn, 160
nereid, 20, 153
Nereis oallaona, 33, 36, 127,
153, 164
n. sp. A, 127
riseii, 127
nen'm'd, 47
Nerita fulgurans, 144
funioulata, 37, 148
peloronta, 144
scabrioosta, 148
tesselata, 144
•oersioolor, 144
Neritina virgines, 165
Niaidion, refer to Eunice
Nitidella nitida, 117
sp. 2, 117
Nodilittorina tuberoulata, 144
Notoaomea filosa, 148
Notomastus lineatus, 119, 164
Notophyllwn sp., 154
Nullamphiura, refer to Amphiura
Nymphopsis duodorsospinosa, 134, 157
Odontosyllis sp., 131, 156
Oenone fulgida, 123
Onchidella binneyi, 36, 150
hildae, 33, 36, 150
Onuphis sp., 126
vermillionensis, 125
Opalia orenata, 115
pwmilio, 115
Opeatostoma pseudodon, 150
Ophiactis, 20
savignyi, 109
Ophidiaster guildingii, 108
Ophiocoma eohinata, 108
pwnila, 108
wendti, 108
Ophioderma appressum, 108
brevioaudw, 108
brevispimm, 108
cinereum, 108
Ophiodermatid sp., 108
Ophiodromus obsourus, 126
pugettensis, 153
173
-------
Ophiolepis pauo-ispina, 108, 166
Oph-ionereis Teticu1ata3 108
Ophiozonoida sp., 109
ophiuroid, 48, 49, xi
Ophiuroid sp., 166
sp. B, 109
Opisthosyllis brunnea, 33, 36,
131, 156, 164
sp., 157
Oreaster reticulatus, 108
Ostrea eonchaphila.j 36, 151
•iridescenSj 36, 151
palrmla, 37, 151
tubulifera, 37
Owenia eollavis, 128
Paohyeheles ealaulosus, 160
ahzce-i; 139
cristobalens-isj 139
serratuS; 138
susannae, 139
Pachygrapsus marmoratus, 141
sp. 1, 165
transversus, 28, 31, 37, 141, 160
Padina sp., 24, 146
pagurid, 160
Palola s-ioiliensis3 126, 152
sp., 126, 153
Palythoa earibaeortorij 11, 105
variab-i-lisj 106
Panopeus bermudensis, 140, 161
sp., 140
sp. 1, 165
sp. 2, 165
sp. 3, 165
Paraceroeis sp. 1, 159
Paraliomera, 19
disparj 139
Paraspi-dosiphon f~Lsher"L3 121, 163
sp. 4, 163
spee-iosuSj 121
sp-inoso-seoutatuSj 122, 163
spp., 122
steenstrupi-s 122, 163
Pasiphaeid sp. 1, 164
Patelloida semirubida, 37, 148
Pavona, 69, 71, 75
gigantea} 1, 67, 71, 75
Pelia pacific^ 160
Penioillus oapitatus, 12, 102
Periclimenes americanus, 135
Per-ineris, 20
elenacaso-L, 33, 127, 153, 164
sp., 153
sp. A, 127
sp. B, 127
Petrolisth.es armatus, 138
galathinus, 138
jugosusj 138
sp., 138
Peyssonnelia amorica3 104, 162
nordstedtiij 12, 104
rw&ra,, 104, 147
Phaeoides peotinatus, 120, 166
Phaseolosoma ant'i11arwn3 122, 163
perluoens, 37, 122, 163
sp. 3, 163
sp. 4, 163
spp., 122
variansj 122
Pherusa inflata, 124, 152
Phragmatopoma sp., 129, 155
Phyllaotis floeulifera, 11, 106
Phyllodocid sp., 154
sp. 1, 37
Phymanthus oruoifer, 106
Pigrogramitus timsanus^ 134, 158
Pilurmus dasypoduSj 140
holoseriouSj 140
lacteuSj 140
reticulatus> 140, 161
sp., 141
Pinotada vad-iata., 119, 166
Pinnotherid sp., 141
Piromis americana.; 152
P-ista brevibranchiataj 157
fasoiata, 132
Pitho aouleata, 141
Planax-is lineatus} 145, 165
nucleuss 145, 165
Platyne^eis dumer'il'i'i, 33, 36,
127, 153, 164
sp., 127
Platypodi-a sp., 161
spectabilis; 139
174
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Poaillopora, 67, 69, 71
damicoicnis, 1, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74
Poliniees lacteus, 116
polychaetes, 2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26,
31, 41, 47, 48, 49, 82, 83, 85, xi
Polyeirrus sp., 132
polynoid, 155
Polynoid sp., 129
Polysiphonia hernia, 147
hotiei, 163
sp., 104
subtilissima, 104
Porifera sp. 1M, 163
sp. 2M, 163
Porites, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,
69, 71, 75
astreoides, 11, 111
furcata, 1, 11, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
67, 71, 75, 107
Portunus sp., 161
Potamilla fonticula, 129
Prionospio heterobranahia texana, 130
Prooessa bermudensis, 138
fimbriata, 138
Psammooora, 69, 75
stellata, 1, 67, 71, 75
Psarmolyoe, 130
spinosa, 130
Psarostola monilifera, 117
Pseudanereis gallapag'ensis, 31,
33, 36, 128, 153, 164
Pseudopotamilla brev^branch^ataJ 155
reniformisj 130
Pteroaladia museiformis, 147
sp., 147
Purpura patula3 116
pycnogonids, 21, xi
Pycnogonwn cessaci3 158
Pseudochama arcinella, 120
Rhisophora mangle, 2, 41, 87, 88, 89
Rhodymenia palmetto., 147
Rhynehothorax sp., 133
Risomupex murieoides, 116
roseus, 116
Rissoina bryerea, 114
deoussata, 114, 165
Sabella melanostigma, 130, 155
sp. 17, 130, 155
sp. 18, 130
Sabellaria aloooki, 129, 155
floridensis, 129, 155
moorei, 155
spinulosa, 155
sabellariid, 129
sabellid, 20
Sdlmoneus ortmanni, 137
Sargassim, 98
Scolelepis agilis, 47, 48, 49
Serpulid sp. 1, 33, 36, 155, 164
sp. 2, 155, 164
sp. 3, 155
sp. 4, 156
sp. 5, 156
sp. 6, 156
sp. 7, 156
sp. 8, 156
sp. 9, 36, 156
sp. 11, 156
sp. 12, 37
Sicyonia parri, 135
Siderastrea radians, 107
siderea, 107
Sige orientalis, 128
Siphonaria, 27
mawca, 31, 33, 36, 150
sipunculans, 2, 18, 20, 21, 28,
41, 48, 49, xi
Smaragdia viridis, 114
Sphaeelaria sp., 146
tribuloides, 102
spaeromatid, 159
Spaeromitid sp. 1, 159
Sphenia, 31
antillensis, 121
fragilis, 31, 33, 36, 151
Spivorbis sp., 164
sponges, 23, 40, 41
Spyridia filamentosa, 163
Stenoplax, refer to Isohnochiton
stomopods, 158, xi
Streblosoma arassibranchia, 133
Strigilla sp., 120
Strombus raninus, 116
Struvea anastomosans, 102
175
-------
Syllid, black stripes, 131
black stripes-white bands, 131
brown dots, 131
checkered, 131
syllid epitoke, 157
Syllid, gray, 131
leafy projections, 131
maroon, 131
sp. 4, 132
sp. 9, 157
sp. 10, 132
sp. 13, 132
sp. 26, 132
sp. 36, 132
sp. 37, 132
sp. 38, 132
sp. 39, 132
sp. 41, 132
with stripes, 132
Syllis gracilisj 33, 36, 157
Synalpheus anasimus* 137
fr-Ltzmuelleri, 137
herriekif 137
minusj 137
pandionis, 137
sp., 137, 160
tenuispina, 137
townsendiy 137
Taenioma macrouPian, 104
tanaids, 158
Tanystylum sp., 134
sp. 1, 157
sp. 2, 157
Teotarius mwn.aatus3 144
Tegula fasoiata, 113
panamensis3 148
Tellina fausta, 120
Telmatactis amerioana, 107
rosenij 107
terebellid, 20, 157
TetracUta, 2, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 35, 39, 77, 83
stalaatifera panamensis , 2, 26,
27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38,
77, 158
Thais"bi.seri&Hs3 149
delta-Idea, 116
haemastoma, 116, 145
melones, 149
trangularis , 149
Thalassia, 18
testudiniorij 11, 1 04
Tharyx sp. , 124, 152
Thelepus setosus, 133
Themiste spp. , 122
Thoe puella, 141
Thor manningij 138
sp. , 160
Thunor rathbunae3 137
Traehypenaeus similis, 135
Triahophoxus flovidenusf 48
Tricolia adamsif 113
bella, 113, 165
pha.sia.ne I la, 1 48
Trididemnum solidtmf 12
Tripsyaha tulipa* 148
tum'cates, 18, 40, 45, 56, 58, xii
turbellarian spp., 107
turbellarians, 2, 28, 33,, 36
Typosyllis aaioulata, 36» 131, 157
prolifera3 131
sp. A, 131
variegata, 131, 157
Uaa sp. 1, 165
Uhlias limbatusj 139
Ulva laotuoa, 146
Upogebia sp. , 165
Valonia utriculapisj 102
ventricosa, 1 02
Vaswn ma>ioatiam3 117
Witwater, 2, 6, 87
Wrangelia argus, 12, 104
xanthid, 161
Xanthid sp. F, 141
Xanthodius denticulatuSj 140
stimpsonij 161
Zoanthus sooiatus, 11, 23, 41, 106,
163
solander-L3 11, 106
176
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'lt-asc read Imiructitms on the reverse before completing)
I Ml I'(1H I NO.
EPA-600/3-76-028
4. I I fl.L ANU HUD II r Lt
SURVEY OF MARINE COMMUNITIES IN PANAMA AND
EXPERIMENTS WITH OIL
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
5. REPORT DATE
May 1976 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
/ AUTMORI3)
Charles Birkeland, Amada A. Reimer, and
Joyce Redemske Young
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
U I'I FU OHMINO ORC "vNIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
P.O. Box 2072
Balboa, Canal Zone
; SPONSORING Am NC:Y NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BA022
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
14-12-874
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
IB. SUPPl.t MtNTARY NOTES
Te ABSTRACT
Baseline surveys were conducted on both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of
Panama. The structure of macroinvertebrate communities along the Caribbean
transect are presented from data collected for over 500 identified species in 108
samples including a total of over 50,000 specimens. Recruitment to benthic
communities was investigated with settling plates. The Caribbean was found to
be seasonal in species occurrence while the Pacific was seasonal in productivity.
The effects of oil pollution on tropical intertidal marine communities
were tested by precisely controlled experiments utilizing tarry Bunker C
and volatile marine diesel oils. Field experiments were performed on a
Caribbean intertidal reef flat community, a Pacific rocky shore community,
settling plates in both oceans, mangrove trees sprayed with oil on the leaves
and/or stilt roots and on coral growth. Bunker C oil had a greater detrimental
effect than did marine diesel oil on coral growth. Marine diesel oil had a
greater detrimental effect than did Bunker C oil on fouling communities of
settling plates. When comparing experimentals with controls, growth rates
were used as an indicator of the nresence of unobserved physiological stress
or damage and a quantitative index of the cost of repair. Susceptibility to
oil pollution varied significantly with location and time of year so that very
precise controls were required in the experiments.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Ecology
Benthos
Oils
Ocean environments
Aquatic biology
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Marine benthos
Oil pollution
Intertidal organisms
Community structure
Ecological survey
Oil induced stress
Tntertidal communities
c. COS AT i I'icld/Group
6F
\i\:\ miHUTIOM SI ATLM6NT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
193
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLAS
22. PRICE
EPA form II20-1 CS-73)
#U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1976-657-695/5M6 Region No. 5-M
177
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