United States Office of Air Quality EPA-450/4-80-016
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards December 1960
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
&ER& Final Emission Inventory
Requirements for 1982
Ozone State
Implementation Plans
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EPA-450/4-80-016
Final Emission Inventory
Requirements for 1982 Ozone
State Implementation Plans
by
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
and
Control Programs Development Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
December 1980
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This document is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are
available free of charge to Federal employees, current EPA contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations - in limited quantities - from the
Library Services Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711j or, for a fee, from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
Publication No. EPA-450/4-80-016
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PREFACE
This guidance document describes the final emission inventory requirements
related to preparation and submission of 1982 Ozone State Implementation Plans
(SIP's) for those States which requested and have been granted an extension
beyond July 1982 for an attainment date for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. Comments received on the September 1980 draft version
of this document are reflected in the final requirements. All comments are
gratefully acknowledged.
The major changes incorporated in this document are summarized briefly
below:
1. Emissions shall represent a typical summer weekday rather than a
seasonally adjusted annual rate. As such, emissions shall be reported in units
of kilograms per (24 hour) day. As a minimum, plants or facilities whose reactive
volatile organic compound (RVOC) or N0x emissions exceed 250 kg/day (equivalent
to 100 tons per year) shall be inventoried as point sources. For consistency, it
is recommended that all seasonally adjusted activity levels and ambient parameters
used to calculate emissions represent daily (24 hour) averages during the June-
August time period. Moreover, activity levels should represent weekday rather
than weekend day averages for this time period. Reasonable deviations from this
definition of a typical summer weekday are acceptable if agreed to by the Regional
Office.
2. County-by-county emission summaries need not be included in the
ozone SIP inventory submittals. Emission totals need only be submitted which
summarize (1) the entire nonattainment area and (2) any modeling analysis areas
m
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within :the'nonattaijimentc.aieea. '.(Nate: remissions iSbauTdss^ill bbe cramp i "ted sat ttfce
-.county or =fiqimaierrt
3. Summary -formats equivalent to that sshown • -metafile ~1 are acceptable
if approved by the Regional ."Office and if the ; alternative formats -still allow 'EPA
to directly evaluate -and compare the projected -emission reductions resulting from
the various RACT measures on a -source category -by "source category basis.
4. The ^individual . point -source "lis±irig;.of - major RVOC -point sources \
need net be i n rthe -exact format -suggested in Table "2 of the draft 'document. Any
(including computer :pcaduced) listings -containing equivalent information are
acceptable if the formats .are reasonably similar. This point source listing is
only required for the base year and only for > 250 kg/day sources, a cutoff
roughly equivalent to TOO • torts per-y-ear.
15. .No -inventory .summaries need -be submitted -for the intermediate years
between the -base year --and the -attainment year. "This iriformation, required to
demonstrate reasonable "further progress '("RFP)* should be submitted as part of the
SIP's rather than as part of the emission inventory submittals.
6. Either MOBILE! or-MOBILE2 may be used to compile highway vehicle
emissions; however, use -of MOBILE2 is encouraged as the resulting emission
•estimates will be more .accurate.
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EMISSION INVENTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR 1982 OZONE
STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (SIP's)
SUMMARY
For 1982 ozone SIP's, current, comprehensive and accurate emission
inventories of stationary and mobile sources which emit reactive volatile organic
compounds (RVOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NO ) are required for each ozone nonattain-
A
ment area that has requested an extension to attain the ozone standard. The
inventory shall be reported for a typical summer weekday during the ozone season.
Assumptions representative of the ozone season (i.e., generally summertime) shall
be used to compute seasonally adjusted totals of reactive VOC and NO emissions.
/\
Emissions shall be summarized and reported for the entire nonattainment area as
well as for those portions of each nonattainment area for which ozone modeling
analyses will be performed. The base year inventory shall be representative of
calendar year 1980, if possible. Projection year inventories are also required
for the attainment year (generally 1987).
As a minimum, all stationary sources (facilities) that emit 250 kilograms/day
or more (actual emissions) of either reactive VOC or NO emissions shall be indi-
A
vidually inventoried as point sources. Each point within the facility shall be
inventoried and emissions reported. (Identical, small points within these
facilities may be grouped and reported collectively as a single point.) Smaller
point source cutoffs (i.e., less than 250 kg/day) are acceptable and strongly
encouraged especially for those RVOC sources in categories covered by EPA's
1 2
Control Technique Guideline Documents (CTG's) and for those which States are
defining reasonably available control technology (RACT). Emission estimates
shall be determined to the extent possible using locally derived information in
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conjunction with methodologies described in Procedures for the Preparation of
Emission Inventories for Volatile Organic Compounds - Volume I (Second Edition,.
2
September 1980). Alternate procedures may be used provided they are agreed to
by the appropriate-EPA Regional Office. A quality assurance program shall.be
implemented by the States to assure that the emission data are current, comprehensive
and accurate.
The highway vehicle-emission inventory must be developed as part of the
transportation-air quality planning, process defined in the June 1978 EPA-OOT
4
Transportation-Air Quality Planning Guidelines. The same data base used in the
emission inventory must also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of transpor-
tation control measures. Development of the highway vehicle emission inventory
must be coordinated with development of the stationary source inventory. The
geographic areas must be compatible and the base and projection years must be
consistent. Responsibilities for development of highway vehicle emission inven-
tories should be- identified in the Section 174 agreement between State and local
agencies. The State transportation agency, the lead planning agency, the Metro-
politan Planning Organization (MPO), and the State Air Pollution Control Agency
shall be involved. Either MOBILE! or MOBILE2 may be used to compile highway
vehicle emissions.
The base year and projected base line attainment year inventories of stationary
and mobile sources shall be compiled, documented and submitted to the appropriate
EPA Regional Office by December 31, 1981 i The 1982 "SIP Strategy" inventories
shall be completed and submitted along with the SIP's by July 31, 1982. Earlier
inventory submittals are encouraged. Emissions shall be summarized in a specified
emission summary report format. A listing of each major reactive VOC point
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source shall also be provided for the base year identifying the source, the
emissions and the type of process operation. Documentation shall also be pre-
pared and submitted to EPA that summarizes the specific assumptions, data and
procedures used in preparing the base year and projection inventories. All
documentation shall be submitted at the same time as the inventory data.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act provides that areas failing to attain the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards for ozone by December 1982 may, under certain conditions, be
granted an extension to December T987 to attain thre -starrdard. -A condition of this
extension requires that revisions to the applicable State Implementation Plan
(SIP) be made and submitted to the Administrator by July 1, 1982.
The Act also prescribes that current,, comprehensive and accurate emissions
data shall be submitted to EPA for each nonattainment area. Further, these
emission data are to be updated periodically to demonstrate reasonable further
progress (RFP) toward attainment of the standard by the attainment date. This
guideline prescribes EPA's policies regarding the emission data base to be
collected and submitted to EPA with respect to the approval of the SIP revision
due by July 1, 1982. It will be the policy of the Administrator to view compli-
ance with these emission inventory data base criteria as an important element of
the 1982 ozone SIP submittal.
For purposes of compliance with those portions of the Act relating to the
submission of emission data bases, the following criteria shall apply:
Comprehensive: As a minimum, all sources (plants or facilities) that
emit 250 kg/day or more (actual emissions) of oxides of nitrogen (NO ) and/or
/\
reactive volatile organic compounds (RVOC) shall be inventoried as point sources.
All other sources shall be inventoried either as point sources or collectively as
area sources. All reasonable efforts shall be made to assure that all point and
area emission sources are identified and emissions reported.
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Accurate: A quality assurance program shall be implemented to assure
that the inventory is complete and accurate. For example, States shall complete
and document efforts to assure that all point sources within the nonattainment
areas are included and shall assure that emissions are correctly reported for each
of these sources. Documentation summarizing the assumptions, data and procedures
used in compiling and assuring the quality of the inventory shall be prepared and
submitted to EPA concomitant with the Inventory submittals.
Current: The base year emission inventory shall be representative of
1980, if possible.
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II. SPECIFIC EMISSION INVENTORY REQUIREMENTS
States shall prepare countywide base year and projection emission inven-
tories representative of a typical summer weekday. The inventories shall include
emissions of reactive volatile organic compounds (RVOC) and oxides of nitrogen
(NO ) from stationary and mobile sources. Guidance for compiling reactive VOC
/\
emission inventories for non-highway vehicle sources is contained within
Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Volatile Organic
2
Compounds - Volume I (Second Edition, September 1980). Volume I procedures may
also be used to inventory sources of NO .
j\
With respect to highway vehicles, EPA is currently reviewing transportation
data in 19 cities designated as Level I or II for ozone. As a result of the
review, EPA will make recommendations to each of the 19 urban areas concerning
feasible actions to improve the quality of transportation data. EPA is also
preparing a document that identifies key transportation and emission parameters
(such as VMT per person and RVOC emissions per VMT) and identifies reasonable
g
ranges of values for these parameters. This document will be used by EPA, States
and local agencies to identify data that appear to be unreasonable and which
should be subject to further review. Preliminary recommendations on improvements
to existing transportation data bases were provided by EPA to the 19 Level I and
Level II areas in December of 1980.
More specifically, States shall be guided by the following requirements:
1. Area to be Inventoried
The entire ozone nonattainment area that has requested an extension
to attain the ozone standard shall be inventoried. Emission estimates shall be
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compiled and maintained on a countywide basis, except (1) in those areas where
information is commonly available at the city, township, parish or other equiva-
lent or smaller political jurisdiction, or (2) where only a fraction of a county
is contained in the nonattainment area. In such cases, emission estimates may
be compiled and maintained on a non-county basis.
2. Base Year Emission Inventory
The base year of the inventory shall be representative of actual
1980 emission levels, if possible. As such, the inventory shall consider the
realized impact of implemented SIP regulations on base year emission levels. The
base year inventory is to be submitted to EPA in summary format (see Table 1).
3. Emission Inventories Projected to the Attainment Year
Inventories of typical summer weekday emissions shall be developed
for the year the ozone standard is projected to be attained. In most cases, this
will likely be 1987. Two attainment year projection inventories are required.
These include (a) the projected base line attainment year inventory and (b) the
projected "1982 SIP strategy" attainment year inventory.
(a) The projected base line attainment year inventory shall
consider (1) the increases (or decreases) in emissions due to growth (since the
base year), (2) the decreases in emissions due to the realized impact of already
adopted SIP regulations, and (3) any other anticipated changes in emissions from
the base year to the attainment year (except those changes due to additional
regulations proposed in the 1982 ozone SIP's). Such changes should reflect
increases or decreases in emissions due to unique, irregularly occurring events
or conditions which affected the base year inventory. For example, temporary
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TASL2. 1-a
4
Sunsiary table of Reactive VOC Emissions
for .(geographical area)
STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND
MARKETING OF VOC
Oil ana Gas Production 4 Processing
Gasoline and Crude Oil Storage
Synthetic Organic Chemical Storage
4 Transfer
Shio and Barce Transfer of VOC
Barce ana TanKer Cleaning
Sulk Gasoline Terminals
V
Gasoline Bulk Plants
Serv.ce Station Loading (Stage I)
Service Station Unloading (Stage II)
Otr.ers (Specify)
::;DUS-RIAL PROCESSES
Petroleum Refineries
Lube Oil Manufacture
Organic Chemical Manufacture
Inorganic Chemical Manufacture
Fermentation Processes
Vegetable Gil Processing
Pharmaceutical Manufacture
Plastic Products Manufacture
Rubber Tire Manufacture
S3R Rubber Manufacture
Textile Polymers i Resin Manufacture
Synthetic Fiber Manufacture
Iron and Steel Manufacture
Others (Specify)
INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING
Large Aopliances
Magnet Wire
Automobiles
Cans
Metal Coils
P^oer
Fabric
Meta3 Wood Products
Miscellaneous Metal Products
Plastic Parts Painting-
Large Ships
Large Aircraft
Otners (Soecify)
Baseline
Base Year Prelection SI? Strategy
1 980 lAtt^ni-iYfoie" vear
Point Area Point
Area!
>
Attainment vear
"oint Area
I
f
t
1
1
i
1
1
I
*Kilograms per day (kg/day) for a- typical summer weekday
8
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TABLE 1-a (continued)
NGN-INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING
Architectural Coatings
Auto Re-finishing
Ot.ners (Specify)
OTHER SOLVENT USE
Degress ing
Dry Cleaning
Grjsnic Arts
Achesives
Cutsack Asphalt
Solvent Extraction Processes
Ccnsumer/Comercial Solvent Use
Others .(Specify)
OTHER MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
Fuel Combustion
Solid Waste Disposal
Forest, Agricultural, and Other
Open Burning
Pesticide Application
Waste Solvent Recovery Processes
MOBILE SOURCES
Hignway Vehicles
a) Light Duty Automobiles
b) Lignt Duty Trucks
c) Heavy Duty Gasoline Trucks
d) Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks
e) Motorcycles
Off-Highway Vehicles
Rail
Aircraft
Vessels
Baseline
se
her
sses
on Engines
•ucks
ks
Total
Base Year Projection SIP Strategy
1980
Point
Area
A*"f» irmp
Point
nf. voar
• Area
- ^^R^nrosnC v^sr
Point
Area
'Includes all storage facilities except those at service stations and
2'jlk plants.
^Emissions from loading tank trucks and rail cars.
from storaoe and transfer operations.
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TABLE 1-b
4
Sinanary Table for Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions
for (geographical area)
EXTERNAL FUEL COMBUSTION
Utility Boilers
Industrial Boilers
Covaercial, Institutional, Residential
STATIONARY INTERNAL - COMBUSTION
Reciprocating Engiass
Gas Turbines
IAL PROCESSES
Chemical Manufacturing
Adipic Acid
Nitric Acid
Other
Iron and Steel
Mineral Products
Cement
Class
Other
Petroleum Refining
Other
INCINERATION AND OPEN BURNEIG
MOBILE SOURCES
Highway Vehicles
Light Duty Automobiles
Light Duty Truclts
Heavy Duty Gasoline Trucks
Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks
Motorcycles
Off-highway Vehicles
Rail
Aircraft
Vessels
Total
Baseline
Base Year Pro lection SI? Strategy
1980
Point
Area
Attainment vear
Point (- Ar«a
Attainment v«a^
Kilograas per day (kg/day) for a typical sunnier weekday
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reductions in emissions in the base year that may result from strikes, recession
influenced production cutbacks or other unusual factors (such as. a major equip-
ment malfunction or variances) shall be considered to the extent feasible when
projecting emissions to the attainment year. The projected base line attainment
year inventory shall be submitted in summary format (see Table 1).
(b) The projected "1982 SIP strategy" attainment year inventory
shall, in addition to the changes noted above, also consider the impact of addi-
tional regulatory controls to be adopted and submitted as part of the 1982 ozone
SIP's. Implementation of 1979 SIP regulations is not considered an additional
strategy for 1982 ozone SIP's. The "1982 SIP strategy" attainment year inventory
shall also be submitted in summary format (i.e., Table 1).
(c) Procedures for projecting emissions are contained within
Volume I. Population estimates used to estimate and project emissions to future
years shall be consistent with the population estimates provided for by the
Agency's Cost Effectiveness Guidelines (40 CFR Part 35, Subpart E, Appendix A).
The same ambient conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) affecting emissions
in the base year shall be assumed to prevail in the projection year inventories.
4. Intermediate Year Inventories for Determining Reasonable Further
Progress
In addition to the base year inventory and the two projected
attainment year inventories, States shall compile a projection inventory for each
intermediate year between the base year and the attainment year. The purpose of
these intermediate year inventories (which can be less detailed than the base
year inventory) is to demonstrate Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) in attaining
the ozone standard^ Each intermediate year inventory shall be prepared in a
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format which must at least distinguish between emission reductions projected to
result from mobile source and stationary source measures. These intermediate
year summaries shall he submitted as part of the 1982 ozone SIP's and are not
required as part of the inventory submittals. The RFP inventory shall demonstrate
the impact of all increases and decreases in emissions due to growth and SIP
controls.
5. Pollutants to be Inventoried
The inventory shall contain source information and emission- •
estimates of oxides of nitrogen (NO ) and reactive volatile organic compounds
A
(RVOC). The Agency's position concerning reactive VOC's is discussed in
the Federal Register (see 42 FR 35314 - July 8, 1977 and 45 FR 48941 - July 22,
I960).10' Nonreactive compounds that should be excluded from the inventory
for purposes of ozone SIP's include:
methane
ethane
methytene chloride
methyl chloroform
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113)
trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22)
trifluoromethane (FC-23)
dichlorotetraf1uoroethane (CFC-114)
chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115)
Controls on emissions of these compounds will neither contribute to the attainment
and maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone nor be
credited toward achievement of that standard. Moreover, substitution of these
compounds for reactive VOC is not a recommended control measure.
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Emission factors for NO and VOC are contained within Compilation
/\
12
of Air Pollution Emission Factors, AP-42, including Supplements 1-10. Emission
factors have not yet been published in AP-42 for some source categories for which
Control Technique Guideline Documents have been recently published. For these
source categories, the use of emission factors published in the CTG's is appro-
priate. Information on the specific chemical compounds emitted from several
major sources is contained in the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data
Manual (EPA-450/4-80-015, Second Edition, July I960).13 '
6. Point Sources
At a minimum, stationary sources (facilities) that emit 250 kg/day
or more of actual emissions of reactive VOC or NO shall be considered as point
X
sources. More specifically, where the sum of emissions from all operations
(including.leaks, evaporative losses from storage tanks as well as process
related emissions) at a source exceeds 250 kg/day, that source shall be considered
a point source. (Note: For convenience, identical small points within those
facilities may be grouped and reported collectively as a single point.) Point
source emission cutoff levels smaller than 250 kg/day are strongly encouraged
1 2
especially for sources affected by EPA's Control Technique Guideline Documents '
and for those sources for which States will be defining RACT.
7. Non-Highway Area Sources
The purpose of the non-highway area source inventory is to
encompass emissions from those stationary and non-highway sources that are too
small and/or too numerous to be included in the point source inventory. As such,
it is possible for area source emissions to be reported for many of the source
categories listed in Table 1.
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It is noted that emissions from many small sources have been
inadvertently left out of some inventories in the past due to lack of available
procedures or emphasis on this portion of the inventory. Various methodologies
exist which can be used"to estimate emissions from the various area source
categories. Detailed procedures are discussed in Volume I, however, some of
these techniques are briefly described for emphasis.
(a) Use of Point Source Inventory Techniques (e.g.,
Questionnaires. Plant Visits)
Major sources are typically inventoried by use of question-
naires, plant visits, permit data, etc. It may also be necessary to obtain
emission information for smaller sources (i.e, less than 250 kg/day) via the
same methods since there may be no other alternatives available to accurately
inventory smaller sources in certain source categories. For this reason, use of
point source methods is recommended for determining emissions from certain
source categories for sources' below the 250 kg/day point source cutoff level.
In such cases, the States may either maintain individual point source records
for each of the smaller sources or emissions from such sources may be collectively
totaled and reported in appropriate area source categories.
(b) Local Activity Level Surveys
In some instances, collective activity level estimates for a
given category may be available from a local source. For example, local trade
associations may have data on the amount and types of architectural surface
coating, or the amount-and types of dry cleaning solvents used in an area. Tax,
highway, energy, and other State or local agency records may provide collective
activity level estimates for other area source categories, including gasoline
14
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sales or cutback asphalt use. Hence, the inventorying agency should survey
various local associations and agencies to determine what information is main-
tained for the area that can be used in the area source inventory. Specific
associations or agencies that may be contacted for selected area source activity
level information are suggested in Volume I.
(c) Per Capita Emission Factors
Emissions from certain area source categories, especially
those associated with solvent use, may be estimated on a per capita basis. This
procedure may be necessary when the availability of other area source estimating
methodologies is limited. Population estimates used in making such emission
estimates shall be consistent with the population projections required by EPA's
q
Cost Effectiveness Guidelines. To assure consistency from area to area, it is
recommended that a per capita RVOC emission factor be used to estimate emissions
from consumer/commercial solvent use. Specific information on per capita
factors to be used and possible area-specific modifications to such per capita
3
factors are contained in Volume I.
(d) Emission-to-Employee Ratios
3
This procedure, which is discussed in Volume I, essentially
determines an "emission-per-employee" factor for those sources for which employ-
ment and emission data have been collected and extrapolates this information to
estimate emissions from those facilities for which such information has not been
collected. The procedure is best utilized for those source categories where (1)
total employment in the source category is known for the area, and (2) where
there are numerous sources whose emissions are typically less than 250 kg/day but
whose collective emissions represent a significant total. The procedure should
15
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not be used as a replacement of the requirement to obtain source specific dais-
from each point source that emits more than 250 kg./day of reactive VOC or NO
A
emissions.
8. Highway Vehicles
The highway vehicle emission inventory must account for all
highway vehicles in the nonattainment area. Emissions from local traffic, as
well as emissions from traffic on major highways, must be included. The trans-
portation parameters used in the emission inventory must be the highest quality •
possible. Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and vehicle speed are especially important.
As previously noted, EPA will make city-specific recommendations to each of the
19 urban nonattainment areas for ozone for feasible actions to improve the
quality of transportation data for 1982 ozone SIP's.
9. Seasonally Adjusted Emission Inventory
Reactive VOC and NO emissions shall be reported for a typical
/\
summer weekday; hence, daily emissions should be computed using assumptions which
reflect conditions that exist during the summer months which primarily constitute
the ozone season. This is accomplished in two ways.
First, for source categories whose operating rates vary seasonally,
typical weekday emissions should be determined using activity levels representative
of the ozone season. For example, highway vehicle traffic, gasoline handling,
and space heating are examples of source categories whose activities generally
vary from season to season. For some point sources, production (thmput) may
increase or decrease during the summertime period. In compiling the emission
inventory for 1982 ozone SIP's, summertime weekday activity rates shall be used
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to compute a seasonally adjusted reactive VOC and NO emission inventory.
s\
Secondly, certain emission factors for some source categories vary
as a function of temperature and/or humidity. Most importantly, the emission
factors for gasoline powered vehicles and petroleum product storage and handling
operations are a function of temperature. Also, NO emissions from light-duty
A
vehicles are a function of absolute humidity. In compiling the emission inventory
for 1982 ozone SIP's, temperature and humidity assumptions shall be consistent with
summertime conditions.
For consistency, it is recommended that all seasonally adjusted
activity levels and ambient parameters used to calculate emissions represent daily
(24 hour) averages during the June-August time period. Moreover, activity levels
should represent weekday rather than weekend day averages for this time period.
Reasonable deviations from this definition of a typical summer weekday are acceptable
if agreed to by the Regional Office.
Generally, highway vehicle travel estimates are determined for an
average annual weekday by the responsible Metropolitan Planning Organization or
State Department of Transportation. All that is necessary to develop an inventory
of emissions for a typical summer weekday is to apply a seasonal factor to adjust
for increases (or decreases in some cases) in travel occurring during the ozone
season. Generally, such an adjustment factor can be derived from local traffic
1
counting programs.
Emission estimates for point and nonhighway area sources are frequently
maintained for an annual period in State and local inventories. Hence, a seasonal
adjustment may be needed as well as an adjustment to distinguish weekday from
17
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weekend activity. For point sources, these adjustments should be based on the
operating data which accompany the emissions data for each facility in the inven-
tory. These operating data typically show the fraction of annual activity occurring
during the summer (e.g., June-August) period as well as the number of days per week
that the plant operates. If operating data are not available for each source,
reasonable operating data should be assumed based on data available for similar
sources in the inventory.
For nonhighway area sources, the inventorying agency will have to
apply seasonal and weekday adjustments to annual area source activity levels based
on local knowledge of the operating patterns of each source. If local operating
data are unavailable to make such adjustments, the data presented in Appendix A may
be utilizied for this purpose. Because local practices and ordinances may vary so
much, the use of local data are strongly recommended.
10. Quality Assurance
A quality assurance program shall be implemented to assure that the
emission inventory that is compiled is current, comprehensive and accurate.
For example, this shall involve programs to insure that all major reactive VOC and
NO sources are included in the inventory. To accomplish this, the States shall
^
compare the plants listed in their inventories with independent listings prepared
by EPA, trade associations, etc., or with listings derived by the States based on
guidance contained in Volume I.
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III. SUBMISSION OF EMISSION INVENTORY DATA
The emission inventory effort shall be summarized and reported in the
following formats:
1. Summary Format
(a) In order to facilitate strategy evaluation and assure area-
to-area consistency, the reactive VOC emission inventory shall be summarized in
the reporting format illustrated in Table 1. Individual tables shall be prepared
which summarize seasonally adjusted emissions for:
(1) the entire nonattainment area; and
(2) each of the modeling analysis areas within the nonattain-
ment area (in those cases where an entire State has been
designed nonattainment).
(b) For each area identified above, individual summary tables
shall be prepared in Table 1 format for:
(1) the base year inventory,
(2) the base line attainment inventory (i.e.,
generally 1987),
(3) the "1982 SIP strategy" attainment inventory
(i.e., generally 1987),
Summary formats equivalent to those shown in Table 1 are acceptable
if approved by the Regional Office and if the alternative formats still ?.llow
EPA to directly evaluate and compare the projected emission reductions resulting
from the various RACT measures on a source category by source category basis.
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2. VOC Point Source Listing
In order to facilitate strategy evaluation, information on all
point sources whose reactive VOC emissions exceed 250 kg/day shall be reported
in the format illustrated in Table 2. Any (including computer produced) formats
containing equivalent information are acceptable if agreed to by the Regional
Office. Such a listing is needed for only the base year inventory. Appendix B
identifies major reactive VOC source categories and principal operations of
interest that should be reported in Table 2.
3. Update into NEDS Format
The base year point source inventory data developed for the 1982
ozone SIP shall be generally consistent with and reflected in the routine National
Emissions Data System (NEDS) update required no later than July 1982. NEDS
14
reporting is described in AEROS Manual, Volume II. For additional information
on NEDS coding procedures, or to obtain coding manuals or instructions contact:
Requests & Information Section
National Air Data Branch (MD-14)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Phone (919) 541-5395, (FTS 629-5395)
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TABLE 2
Principal Emitting Operations at Point
Sources of Reactive VOC Emissions*
for (geographical area)
Name and Location
Major Reactive VOC Source Category_
Principal Operations Emissions*
*Kilograms per day (kg/day) for a typical summer weekday, in the base year
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IV. DOCUMENTATION OF THE INVENTORY
A narrative report shall be prepared that documents the procedures, data and-
assumptions that were used in compiling the base year, base line attainment, and
"SIP Strategy" inventories. Documentation of the. base year and base line attain-
ment inventories shall accompany the base year and base line attainment year
inventory submittals due no later than December 31, 1981. Similarly, documenta-
tion for the SIP strategy inventory shall accompany the SIP strategy inventory
due no later than July 31, 1982. For convenience, the SIP strategy inventory
documentation may be combined with the base year and base line attainment year
inventory documentation. Items to be included in the documentation are listed
below:
(1) The geographic areas (i.e., the nonattainment area and modeling
analysis areas) covered by the inventory shall be specified.
(2) The population of the area shall be provided as well as the
source of the population data used in making emission estimates and projections.
(3) Data, assumptions and procedures used in determining or projecting
emissions shall also be documented. Use and basis of emission factors other than
those in AP-42 for stationary sources should be documented. Procedures and data
used for exclusion of nonreactive YOC and for seasonally adjusting the inventory
totals should likewise be documented. The point/area source cutoff level should
be specified.
(4) The base year represented by the emission inventory should be
specified. Similarly, the year of the attainment inventory shall be specified.
22
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(5) For highway vehicles, the following information shall be reported:
(a) Description of procedures and models: used to estimate base
year and future year transportation parameters. (The parameters which EPA will
review are identified in Table 3).
(b) Description of the travel data base and any subsequent updates.
When possible, estimates of the degree of accuracy and other statistical parameters
should be included.
(c) Description of traffic counting programs. Estimates of the
degree of accuracy of VMT estimates based on traffic counts should be included.
(d) Description of methods used to estimate vehicle speeds.
Special speed studies should be documented.
(e) Description of methods for estimating truck travel parameters
(VMT, speed, etc.).
(f) Description of methods for estimating traffic parameters
(VMT, speed, etc.) for local (off-network) traffic.
(g) Description of methods used to estimate vehicle hot and cold
start and hot soak emissions.
(h) Description of methods used to calculate emissions, including
a description of how data was aggregated and emission factors applied.
(i) Description of how other emission parameters (such as vehicle
age distribution, average annual miles driven by model year) were obtained.
23
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TABLE 2
Parameters, for Documentation- of Highway Vehicle Emission, Inventorias
Mote: ATI parameters are araaw.ide, t.e~, for the antire- modeling
analysts area. See the? EPA report Guidelines for Review of Highway
Source Emission Inventories for 1982 SIP's.3
1. Population
2. Average daily vehicle-miles of travel (VMT) by highway functional class*
a. Interstate
b. Principal Arterial
c. Minor Arterial
d. Collectors
e. Local
f. Total
3. Average daily VMT by vehicle class
a. LigJit duty vehicles
b. Light duty trucks less than 6000 Ibs.
c. Light duty trucks more than 6000 Ibs.
d. Heavy duty gas trucks
e. Heavy duty diesel trucks
f. Motorcycles
g. Total
4. Average daily operating speeds (2$ hours) by functional class*
a. Interstate
b. Principal Arterial
c. Minor Arterial
d. Collector
e. Local
f. Av-erag* daily speed for the system
5. Average daily trip length (minutes)
6. Average daily vehicle trips
a- Passenger vehicles
b. Trucks
7. Seasonal adjustment factor
8, Average daily cold start/hot start fractions
a. Percent VMT in cold mode for catalyst vehicles
b. Percent VMT in hot mode for catalyst vehicles
c. Percent VMT in cold mode for non-catalyst vehicles
9. Meteorological data
a. Ambient summertime temperature (°F)
b. Ambient summertime-humidity (grains/lb.)
10. Fraction of travel by model year by vehicle class
11. NMHC and NO vehicle emission rates (grams/YMT) by highway functional
class (Interstate, Principal Arterials, etc.)
a. Autos
b. Trucks
c. Total
12. TWC and NO emissions (teil-og rams/summer weekday)
a. 8y vehicle class
b. By functional class
c. Total for region
*These are suggested functional classes.. Other classes may be used.
24
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V. SUMMARY OF ITEMS TO BE SUBMITTED
1. A base year inventory of reactive VOC and NOY emissions in summary
J\
table format (i.e., Table 1). Emissions shall be seasonally adjusted to repre-
sent typical summer weekday totals. The emissions summarized in Table 1 shall
represent totals for (1) the entire nonattainment area and (2) for each modeling
analysis area, in cases where only a portion(s) of the nonattainment area is
being modeled. The base year inventory and documentation are due to be completed
and submitted to the EPA Regional Office no later than December 31, 1981.
2. A listing of > 250 kg/day point sources of reactive VOC in the nonattain-
ment area, reported by major category and principal operation (see Table 2).
This listing shall be for the base year only and should be included in the base
year inventory submittal.
3. A base line attainment year inventory of reactive VOC and NO emissions
x\
in summary table format (i.e., Table 1). Emissions shall be seasonally adjusted
to represent typical summer weekday totals. The emissions summarized in Table 1
shall represent totals for (1) the entire nonattainment area and (2) for each
modeling analysis area. The base line attainment year inventory and documentation
are due to be completed and submitted to the EPA Regional Office no later than
December 31, 1981.
4. A "1982 SIP Strategy" attainment year inventory of reactive VOC and NOV
A
in summary table format (i.e., Table 1). Emissions shall be seasonally adjusted
to represent typical summer weekday totals. The emissions summarized in Table 1
shall represent totals for (1) the entire attainment year inventory and (2) for
each modeling analysis area. The SIP strategy attainment year inventory and
documentation are due to be completed and submitted to the EPA Regional Office
no later than July 31, 1982.
25
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5. A report that documents the procedures, data and assumptions used in-
compiling the emission inventories. Documentation for the base year, base line-
attainment, and SIP strategy inventories' shall accompany the respective inventory
submittals.
4
6. The reactive VOC and NO point source data developed for the 1982 ozone
/\
SIP's shall be consistent with and reflected in the data to be submitted to EPA
for update into NEDS according to existing routine reporting requirements.
26
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VI. REFERENCES AND OTHER GUIDANCE
1. Summary of Group I Control Techniques Guidelines Documents for Control
of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources
EPA-450/3-78-120, December 1978.
2. Summary of Group II Control Techniques Guidelines Documents for Control
of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources
EPA-450/2-80-001, December 1979.
3. Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Volatile
Organic Compounds. Volume I, Second Edition, EPA-450/2-77-028,
September 1980.
4. Transportation-Air Quality Planning Guidelines, EPA-DOT, June 1978.
5. Users Guide to MOBILE1: Mobile Source Emissions Model, EPA-400/9-80-007,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., August 1978.
6. Users Guide to MOBILE2: Mobile Source Emissions Model, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, (In printing.)
7. Data Collection for 1982 Ozone Implementation Plan Submittals,
44 FR, 65667, November 14, 1979.
8. Guidelines for Review of Highway Source Emission Inventories for 1982
SIP's, Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy, Environmental
Protection Agency. December 1980.
9. EPA Cost Effectiveness Guidelines, 40 CFR Part 35, Subpart E,
Appendix A.
10. Recommended Policy on Control of Volatile Organic Compounds,
44 FR 35314, July 8, 1977.
11. Clarification of Agency Policy Concerning Ozone SIP Revisions and
Solvent Reactivities, 45 FR 48941, July 22, 1980.
12. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Third Edition and
Subsequent Supplements (Supplements 8-10), AP-42, Environmental
Protection Agency, August 1977.
13. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual, EPA-450/4-80-015.
Second Edition, July 1980.
14. AEROS Manual Series. Volume II. AEROS User's Manual, EPA-450/2-76-029-2.
27
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APPENDIX A
DEFAULT SEASONAL AND WEEKDAY ADJUSTMENTS FOR AREA SOURCES
AREA SOURCE CATEGORY
SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT
WEEKDAY ADJUSTMENT
EVAPORATIVE LOSS
Gasoline Handling
Degreasing
Drycleaning
Architectural Surface
Coating
Automobile Refinishing
Other Small Industrial
Graphic Arts
Commerci al/Consumer
Solvent
Cutback Asphalt
Pesticides
COMBUSTION
Residential Fuel
Commerci al/Insti tuti onal
Fuel
Industrial Fuel
Aircraft
Railroad Locomotives
Vessels
Off-highway Vehicles
Incineration
Open Burning/Fires
Uniform seasonal distribution Uniform Monday-Saturday
75 percent of annual total
uniform spring-fall
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform seasonal distribution Uniform Monday-Saturday
Uniform spring through
fall .
Uniform during growing
season, with exception
of dormant season oils
7 percent of annual total
uniform ever
June-August quarter
15 percent of annual total
uniform over
June-August quarter
Uniform seasonal distribution
Dependent on local ordinances
and practices
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform Monday-Saturday
Uniform throughout the
week
Uniform Monday-Saturday
M
Dependent of local ordinal
and practices
A-l
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Pharmaceutical Manufacture
Process Units Such..as Vacuum Dryers, Reactors,
Oi sti 11 ation Utvt.ts, Fi l-.ters, ..Extractors,
Centri fuges, Crystal! izer.s
Major Production Equipment,Such as Exhaust "-Systems .and
Air Dryers
Storage and Transfer
Other Process Units (Specify)
Rubber Tire Manufacture
Undertread and Sidewa.11 Cementing
Bead Dipping
.Bead Swabbing
Tire Building
Tread .End .Cementing
Green Tire Spraying
Tire Curing
Solvent Mixing
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (Specify)
Styrene Butadiene Rubber Manufacture
Slowdown Tanks
Steam Stripper
Prestorage Tanks
Other Process Units (Specify)
Vegetable Oil
Oil Extraction and Desolven-tiration
Meal Preparation
Oil Refining
Fugitive .Leaks
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (.Specify)
Organic Chemical Manufacture
Fugitive Lea-ks from 'Seals,, Valves, Flanges.,
Pressure Relief Devices, Drains
Air Oxidation Units
Waste Water .Separators
Storage .and Transfer
••Other Process Units ('Specify)
Polymer and Resin Manufacture
Catalyst Preparation
Reactor Vents
Separation of Reactants, Solvents ;and "Diluents
from Product
Raw Material Storage
Solvent Storage
Other'Process Units (Specify)
A-.2
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APPENDIX B
INDIVIDUAL POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETING OF VOC
Oil and Gas Production and Processing
Storage
Fugitives
Other Process Units (Specify)
Tank Farms
Fixed Roof Tanks
External Floating Roof Tanks
Primary Seals
Secondary Seals
Internal Floating Roof Tanks
Bulk Gasoline and VOC Terminals
Leaks from Valves, Flanges Meters, Pumps
Vapor Collection Losses
Vapor Control Unit Losses
Filling Losses from Uncontrolled Loading Racks
Tank Truck Vapor Leaks from Loading of Gasoline
Non-Tank Farm Storage
Gasoline Bulk Plants
Gasoline Bulk Storage .
Loading and Unloading Racks (Controlled and Uncontrolled)
Tank Truck Vapor Leaks from Loading and Unloading of Gasoline
Leaks from Valves, Flanges, Meters, Pumps
Barge and Tanker Transfer
Gasoline Loading/Barge
Crude Oil Ballasting/Tanker
Barge and Tanker Cleaning
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Petroleum Refineries
Process Drains and Wastewater Separators
Vacuum Producing Systems
Process Unit Turnarounds
Fugitive Leaks from Seals, Valves, Flanges
Pressure Relief Devices, Drains
Other Process Emissions Such as Heaters, Boilers,
Cat Cracker Regenerators (Specify)
Lube Oil Manufacture
B.-1
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Pharmaceutical Manufacture
Process Units Such as Vacuum Dryers, Reactors,
Distillation Units, Filters, Extractors,
Centrifuges, Crystal!izers
Major Production Equipment Such as Exhaust Systems and
Air Dryers
Storage and Transfer
Other Process Units (Specify)
Rubber Tire Manufacture
Undertread and Sidewall Cementing
Bead Dipping
Bead Swabbing
Tire Building
Tread End Cementing
Green Tire Spraying
Tire Curing
Solvent Mixing
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (Specify)
Styrene Butadiene Rubber Manufacture
Slowdown Tanks
Steam Stripper
Prestorage Tanks
Other Process Units (Specify)
Vegetable Oil
Oil Extraction and Desolventization
Meal Preparation
Oil Refining
Fugitive Leaks
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (Specify)
Organic Chemical Manufacture
Fugitive Leaks from Seals, Valves, Flanges,
Pressure Relief Devices, Drains
Air Oxidation Units
Waste Water Separators
Storage and Transfer
Other Process Units (Specify)
Polymer and Resin Manufacture
Catalyst Preparation
Reactor Vents
Separation of-Reactants, Solvents and Diluents
from Product
Raw Material .Storage
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (Specify)
B-2
-------
Plastic Parts Manufacture
Mold Release
Solvent Consumption
Adhesives Consumption
Other Process Units (Specify)
Inorganic Chemical Manufacture
Fugitive Leaks from Seals, Valves, Flanges,
Pressure Relief Devices, Drains
Storage and Transfer
Other Process Units (Specify)
Fermentation Processes
Fermentation Tank Venting
Aging/Wine or Whisky
Other Process Units (Specify)
Iron and Steel Manufacture
Coke Production
Coke Pushing
Coke Oven Doors
Coke Byproduct Plant
Coke Charging
Coal Preheater
Topside Leaks
Quenching
Battery Stacks
Sintering
Electric Arc Furnaces
Other Process Units (Specify)
Synthetic Fiber Manufacture
Dope Preparation
Filtration
Fiber Extrusion - Solvent Recovery
Takeup Stretching* Washing, Drying, Crimping, Finishing
Fiber Storage - Residual Solvent Evaporation
Equipment Cleanup
Solvent Storage
Other Process Units (Specify)
INDUSTRIAL SURFACE COATING
Large Appliances
-. Cleaning and Pretreatment
Prime Spray, Flow, or Dip Coating Operations-
Topcoat Spray
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
B-3
-------
Magnet Wire
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Coating- Application- and Curing
Coating1 Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process. Emissions (Specify)
Automobiles and Ligfet-Duty Trucks
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Prime Application, Electro deposition, Dip or Spray
Prime Surfacting Operations
Topcoat Operation
Repair Topcoat Application Area
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions. (Specify)
Cans
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Two Piece and Exterior Base Coating
Interior Spray Coating
Sheet Basecoating (IntaHor)
Sheet Basecoating (Exterior)
Side Seam Spray Coating
End Sealing Compound
Lithography
Over Varnish
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Paper
Coating Operations
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emission (Specify)
Coil Coating
Prime Coating
Finish Coating
Solvent Mixing
Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
B-4
-------
Fabric
Coating Operations
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Wood Furniture
Coating Operations
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Metal Furniture
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Coating Operations
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Mixing
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Flatwood Products
Filler
Sealer
Basecoat
Topcoat
Inks
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Plastic Parts Painting
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Coating Operations, Flow, Dip, Spray
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Large Ships
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Prime Coat Operation
Topcoat Operation
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
B-5
-------
Large- Aircraft
Cleaning anct Pretreatment
Prime Coat Operation
Topcoat Operating
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup.
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products
Cleaning and Pretreatment
Coating Operations, Flow, Dip, Spray
Coating Mixing
Coating and Solvent Storage
Equipment Cleanup
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
OTHER SOLVENT USE
Dry Cleaning
Degreasing
Open Top Vapor Degreasinr
Conveyorized Degreasinq - Vapor
Conveyor!zed Degreasir-g - Cold Cleaning
Solvent Extraction Processes
Adhesives
Adhesive Application
Solvent Mixing
Solvent Storage
Other Process Emissions (Specify)
Graphic Arts
Letter Press
Rotogravure
Offset Lithography
Ink Mixing
Solvent Storage
OTHER SOURCES
Waste Solvent Recovery Processes
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/4-80-016
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Emission Inventory Requirements for 1982 Ozone State
Implementation Plans
5. REPORT DATE
December 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Monitoring Data and Analysis Division
Control Programs Development Division
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF^ REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officer: Tom Lahre.
This is a final report reflecting public comments received on the September 1980 draft
16. ABSTRACT
This guidance document describes the final emission inventory requirements related
to preparation and submission of 1982 Ozone State Implementation Plans (SIP's) for
those States which requested and have been granted an extension beyond July 1982 of an
attainment date for the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAOS) for ozone.
Addressed in the document are emission inventory requirements relating to
geographic area of coverage, point source cutoff size specifications, pollutants of_
interest, data reporting formats, documentation requirements, quality of data base,
years to be addressed, and specific inventory techniques to be employed.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
voc
SIP requirements
emissions
nonattainment areas
point sources
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
41
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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I
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SS's
as.s.
&*
I?
fill!
i
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December 1980
ADDENDUM/SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
TO THE
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX (ISC) DISPERSION MODEL
The computer code modifications addressed herein are the complete set of
changes made to date to the ISC code as it appears in the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide. Volume II, EPA-450/4-79-031,
December 1979. All modifications have been incorporated in the ISC code as
part of the UNAMAP-4 available from the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS).
Each item in this report is preceded by the date on which it was issued.
A. Computer Program Modifications
Program modifications are described below. The changes correct errors
in the original source code released in December 1979.
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX (ISCST) PROGRAM
Make the following modifications to Appendix A of the User's Guide and
check your program for conformance.
1. 4/80 - Change the following lines of code in subroutine MODEL to read as
follows:
IYR=YR SO304630
YRS=SINNUM(IYR) S0304640
YRC=COSNUM(IYR) S0304650
IYR=YR S0304800
YRS=SINNUM(IYR) S0304810
YRC=COSNUM(IYR) S0304820
2. 4/80 - Delete subroutine UPWIND from the ISC Short Term model program.
Subroutine UPWIND was originally placed in the ISCST to save computer
time by not calculating concentrations at polar coordinate receptors
upwind of centrally located sources. However, due to an error in
the subroutine, it was incorrectly applied to source/receptor combinations
not covered by the original definition and as a result provided sub-
stantial but erroneous savings in computer run time. Correcting the
subroutine though, has resulted in only a negligible savings in run time.
Since subroutine MODEL provides an in-line upwind check for all
source/receptor combinations and the computer time saved using the
corrected UPWIND subroutine is negligible, the subroutine is being
deleted.
-------
3. 4/80 - Change the following line of code in subroutine MAXOT to read as
follows:
IY=(K-1)/NXPNTS+1 S0500370
4. 12/80 - Change the following lines of code in subroutine MODEL to read:
1010 IF(ISW(4).NE.1.0R.HS+ZS-GRIDZ(IJ).GT.O.O.OR.ITYPE.EQ.2)GO TO 1020 S0304930
IF(ITYPE.GT.O)GO TO 1095 SO305200
IF(VS.LE.O.O)GO TO 1095 S0305220
1095 IF(ISW(4).NE.1.0R.ISW(1).NE.1.0R.NVS.NE.O.OR.ITYPE.EQ.2)GO TO 1100 S0305480
These modifications are required to allow for the treatment of area sources as
flat terrain sources as indicated in the documentation.
5. 12/80 - Insert the following line of code in subroutine MODEL:
IF(I.EQ.l) JDY=JDAY ^30301795
12/80 - Delete line S0301930 from subroutine MODEL.
The modifications correct on error in the Julian Day for the selection of
the meteorological card input data/no listing option.
6. 12/80 - Delete line S0306540 from subroutine MODEL
12/80 - Insert the following line of code in subroutine MODEL:
DO 1290 KXL.NVS SO30651.5
These modifications are necessary to eliminate the possibility of calculating
an incorrect Vertical Term when ground-level concentrations are calculated
from sources with significant gravitational settling.
7. 12/80 - Change the following lines of code in subroutine MODEL to read:
C TEST FOR WAKE EFFECTS - CALCULATE XPLUME. SO304070
780 DHA=3.*FM*GAMJI*UBARI*SSI S0304110
12/80 - Insert the following line of code in subroutine MODEL:
IF(1.570796327*UBARS*SSI.GT.HB+HB)DHA=DHA*SIN(SS*(HB+HB)*UBARI) S0304115
12/80 - Delete line S0304170 from subroutine MODEL.
The modifications are required to correct a wake effects test plume rise
calculation error.
-------
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX (ISCLT) PROGRAM
Make the following program line modifications to Appendix B of the
User's Guide and check your program for conformance.
1. 4/80 - Change the following line of code in subroutine MODEL to read:
IF (RD.GE.XMX) GO TO 1930 S0211230
This change allows sources located 100 m from a receptor to be considered
for contribution to the receptor. This is compatible with the ISC Short
Term Model.
2. 12/80 - Change the following line of code in subroutine MODEL to read:
IF(ZP.LT.ZS.OR.TYPE.EQ.2)ZP=ZS S0211150
This modification is required to allow for the treatment of area sources as
flat terrain sources as indicated in the documentation.
3. 12/80 - Change the following line of code in subroutine MODEL to read:
IF(TYPE.NE.O.OR.JTYPE.EQ.O.OR.XB.GE.HB10)GO TO 1970 S0211740
This modification corrects a mis-coded switch used in the calculation of
a for stacks with wake effects and calculation distances less than 10
2
building heights.
4. 12/80 - Change the following line of code in subroutine OUTPT to read:
IF(NOCOMB(NG).EQ.1.AND.IDSORC(NGT+1).GE.O)GO TO 260 S0301621
This modification is required to correct an error that allowed the print output
for an individual source to be printed several times.
5. 12/80 - Change the following lines of code in subroutines OUTPT and HEADNG
respectively to read:
COMMON /HEAD/ MSG3(4),MSG4(8),IS,N3,I3,M3,ILN,LSTILN S0300120
COMMON /HEAD/ MSG3(4),MSG4(8),IS,N3,I3,M3,ILN,LSTILN S0400110
B. 4/80 - Computer Underflow in the Short Term and Long Term Model Programs
An underflow interrupt condition occurs on computers whenever an arithmetic
operation between two very small numbers results in a number too small to
be contained in the computer's arithmetic results register. When this
condition arises, computers such as the UNIVAC 1100 series and the CDC 6000
series set the underflow result to zero and continue processing. The ISC
model programs were specifically designed to allow the computer to zero an
underflow condition, therefore an underflow condition is not to be considered
an error within the ISC programs.
-------
However, some IBM computers abort the run when an underflow occurs. In
order to circumvent this problem the user must inform the computer
system that underflows are to be set to zero and program execution to
continue. For example, the following FORTRAN call may be inserted at the
beginning of either ISC Model program and thus preclude termination of
runs due to underflows on an IBM 360 series computer:
CALL ERRSET (208,256,-1,1,0,208)
To find the appropriate solution to this problem on other computer
systems, the user should contact on-site systems personnel.
C. 4/80 - Receptor Heights Versus Source Elevations
The ISC model allows each receptor to be situated at any height (z).
Both the ISCST and ISCLT programs terminate, however, if the receptor
elevation is above the lowest source height. In addition, if any receptor
is located below the source base height, the ISC programs automatically
reset the receptor height to the source base height (thus, flat terrain
is assigned for that source receptor combination). This will cause a
receptor to be located at different vertical points if two or more
sources affect the same receptor, and are at different base elevations.
To avoid this problem all sources should be located at approximately the
same base elevation, thus maintaining a consistent correction among
receptors that are below the plane of the sources.
The rationale for the above suggestion stems from the applicability
of the ISC model primarily to very localized industrial sources and
complexes, i.e., the sources are not located in radically different
locations or terrain. The model can be used for widely dispersed
sources, but the user's decision to assume similar source elevations
should be an explicit one.
D. Text Corrections to the User's Guide
Volume I
1. 4/80 - All discussion and figures pertaining to the subroutine UPWIND are
to be disregarded.
2. 12/80 - Page 3-6, Receptor Grid System Option. Delete sentence 3 and
replace it with:
3. 12/80 - Page 2-24. The exponential term in Equation (2-12) should be:
i i i y i
exp
f- i Is- \
2 a
I I y I
Additionally, a "3" value will automatically generate a grid system using
the Cartesian coordinate system and a "4" value will automatically generate
the polar coordinate direction radials with user-defined starting locations
and spacing distances.
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4. 12/80 - Page 3-42, Table 3-4. Line 10 in the Description which pertains to
ISW(2), should be changed such that the line reads:
4= program generates polar coordinate grid direction radials
5. 4/80 - Page 3-60. Add to equation (3-1) the term "+D".
6. 4/80 - Page 3-61. To the list of variables and their definitions add:
D=NPNTS if ISW(4) equals "1" in the first card of Card Group (2); otherwise
A equals "0".
7. 12/80 - Page 4-10. Equation (4-1) should be changed to read:
J = 300
and
I =
(E-(N + N + 2-N ) - K - L - M)
x y xy
(N -(N -N + N ))
se x y xy
(4-1)
8. 12/80 - Page 4-11, lines 9 and 11. References to "N " should be changed
to "N ". s
se
9. 12/80 - Page 4-11. To the list of variables and their definitions add:
f0 ; if ISW(4)=1 & ISW(11)=2 or
if ISW(7)=1 or NSEASN=1 or NGROUP=0
&
if ISW(7)^1 & NGROUP^O & NSEASN^l
N -N +N ; if ISW(4)=0 or
x y xy
M =<
10. 12/80 - Page 4-16. Equation (4-2) should be changed to read the same as
equation (4-1) .
11. 12/80 - Page 4-17, equation (4-3). Reference to "N " should be changed to
"N ". S
se
12. 12/80 - Page 4-77. Equation (4-4) should be changed to read:
J = 300
and
E - (NXPNTS+NYPNTS+2*NXWYPT) - K - L - M
NSEASN*(NXPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT)
(4-4)
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13. 12/80 - Page 4-78. To the list of variables and their definitions under
"Condition c" add:
f
0 ; if ISW(4)=1 & ISW(ll)-2 or
if ISW(7)=1 or NSEASN=1 or NGROUP=0
M =/
NXPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT; if ISW(4)=0 or ISW(11)^2 &
if ISW(7)=1 & NSEASN=1 & NGROUP=0
14. 12/80 - Page 4-79. Equation (4-5) should be changed to read the same as
equation (4-4).
15. 12/80 - Page 4-80. Delete variable "L" and replace it with:
"where L and M are the same as under Equation (4-4)".
Volume II
1. 4/80 - All discussion and figures pertaining to subroutine UPWIND are to be
disregarded.
2. 4/80 - Page C-4, Figure C-l. The zero in card column 59 in the first card
should be changed to a "6" such that the data value reads "860".
3. 4/80 - Page C-8, Figure C-l. The data in card columns 8 and 9 are to be
transferred to columns 9 and 10 respectively with column 8 becoming blank.
The change should be made for each of the 16 cards illustrated.
4. 4/80 - Page D-8, Figure D-l. The zero in card column 25 on the fourth last
card should be changed to a "6" such that the data value reads ".0076794".
5. 4/80 - Page C-19, paragraph 1. Delete sentence 3 and replace it with:
Also, because ISW(15), ISW(17), and ISW(18) equal "1" and ISW(4) equals "0",
variables A,B,C, and D become 425 times 5(or 2125), 4 times 1 times 425
times 5(or 8500), 201 times 1 times 5(or 1005), and 0, respectively, according
to their definitions given in equation (3-1).
6. 4/80 - Page C-19. Add to equation (C-2):
variable version - "+D"
numerical interpretation - "+0"
7. 12/80 - Page D-24. The numerical solution in equation (D-3) should be changed
to read:
40000^19+19+2-1 + (2-1+0) • (19-19+1)
> 764
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