-DECEMBER 1986
EPA COMPLEX TERRAIN MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Description of a Computer Data Base
from The Full Scale Plume Study
Tracy Pover Plant, Nevada
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711
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EPA COMPLEX TERRAIN MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Description of a Computer Data Base
from The Full Scale Plume Study
Tracy Power Plant, Nevada
Lavrence E. Truppi
Meteorology and Assessment Division
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has teen funded by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer
and administrative review and it has been approved for publication as an EPA
document.
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ABSTRACT
As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's effort to develop
and demonstrate a reliable model of atmospheric dispersion for pollutant
emissions in irregular mountainous terrain under stable atmospheric condi-
tions, the Complex Terrain Model Development Program was initiated in 1980.
Four field tracer studies were designed and directed by the model developers
to test model estimates of plume impaction with observed tracer concentra-
tions. The first study was conducted in October November 1980 at Cinder Cone
Butte, a roughly axisymmetrical, isolated 100-m high hill near Boise, Idaho,
and the second study was performed along a 1.5-km section of Hogback Ridge, a
90-m high ridge near Farmington, New Mexico in October 1982.
Studies number 3 and 4 were located at the Tracy Power Plant near Reno,
Nevada and were designed as realistic, full scale plume studies, with a
tracer gas released through the smokestack of an active power plant, in a
region of irregular and complicated terrain. Tracer study number three in
November 1983 was conceived as a modest feasibility study for the more compre-
hensive fourth study, but enough useful meteorological and tracer data were
assembled into a data base to support additional model development and evalu-
ation. The fourth study, designated the Full Scale Plume Study, was con-
ducted in August 1984, and it is the major source for the data base described
in this report.
The Tracy Power Plant is located about 27 km east of Reno, Nevada in the
Truckee River Valley with mountains surrounding the power plant on all sides.
Peaks as high as 460 m above the smokestack base afforded opportunities for
plume impaction in many directions, particilarly with anticipated westerly
flow associated with stable atmospheric conditions. The power plant was
maintained in a warm stand-by condition as SF6 tracer gas and oil-fog were
injected into the base of a 91.4-m smokestack. Also, CF3Br tacer gas was
released from one of three levels on a 150-m tower located about 1.2 km east
of the power plant and up wind of the main targeted terrain. Meteorological
data were recorded on the 150-m tower included wind components from triaxial
propeller anemometers at six levels, cup and vane anemometers at three levels,
sonic anemometers at three levels, and temperature and temperature differences
at six levels. Four 10-m towers and two electronic weather stations were
located on terrain surrounding the power plant to record wind and tempera-
ture; two vertical doppler acoustic sounding systems were operated near the
stack and in the river valley. Tethersonde soundings were flown near the
150-m tower to compliment data from the tower and nearby doppler sounding
system. Two radar-tracking balloon systems recorded wind profiles up to 4 km
during periods of tracer release. A LIDAR system was employed to sample
quasi-perpendicular transects through the oil-fog plume emitted with SF6
tracer gas from the top of the stack, and a program of plume photography
recorded visual plume-to-terrain interactions.
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Tracer samples were collected in Tedlar bags at 110 sites in the surround-
ing terrain. Concentrations were determined by gas chromatographic analysis.
The Full Scale Plume Study comprised 14 experiments from August 6 to 27,
1984 for a total of 128 hours of data collection, mainly during late evening
or early morning hours. Study hours encompassed a variety of conditions
ranging from very stable with light winds to morning inversion breakup and
fumigation. Prolonged periods of anticipated stable conditions with westerly
flow occurred with frequent plume impaction on sampler instrumented terrain
east of the stack. A tracer concentration data base of over 11,000 hourly
samples was accumulated for both tracer gases, and, in conjunction with the
meteorological data base, it is available to model developers to refine
existing models or to test new models.
Data acquired at the Tracy Power Plant during tracer study number 3,
the preliminary full scale plume study from November 7 to 19, 1983, are also
included in the Full Scale Plume Study's data base. Ten experiments were
performed for a total of 90 sampling hours employing a network of 53 samplers,
however only one tracer gas, SF6, was used for smokestack injection. Meteoro-
logical data from the 150-m tower, 10-m towers, electronic weather stations,
doppler acoustic sounders and tethersondes were also recorded. Data record-
ing on the 150-m tower was continued from the end of. study number 3, Novem-
ber 1984, until the start of the Full Scale Plume Study, August 1984, and
these data are included in the total data base.
All meteorological and tracer gas concentration data have been edited
and recorded on magnetic tape and are now available upon request at the EPA
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, either as
copies or by interactive computer access.
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CONTENTS
Abstract ill
Figures vii
Tables viti
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ix
Acknowledgements xiii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 EPA Program 1
1.2 Objective 6
2. Field Study at the Tracy Power Plant, Nevada 8
2.1 Geographic and Meteorological Settings 8
2.2 Experimental Design 11
3. Preliminary Full Scale Plume Study 13
3.1 Periods of Dara Collection 13
3.1.1 Data Tape Files 13
3.1.2 Data Tape File Index 13
3.2 Tower Meteorological Data 15
3.2.1 Data Acquisition System 21
3.2.2 150-m Tower Tape File Records 21
3.3 Tracer Gas Data 25
3.3.1 Tracer Sampling and Analysis 25
3.3.2 Tracer Gas Data Tape Files 27
3.4 Minisonde Data 30
3.4.1 Minisonde Tape File Records 30
3.5 10-m Tower Meteorological Data 31
3.5.1 10-m Tower Tape File Records 31
3.6 Optical Crosswind Anemometer Data 33
3.6.1 Optical Crosswind Anemometer Tape File Records. 34
3.7 Electronic Weather Station Data 36
3.7.1 Electronic Weather Station Tape File Records 36
3.8 Doppler Acoustic Sounder Data 38
3.8.1 Doppler Acoustic Sounder Tape File Records 38
3.9 Tethersonde Data 41
3.9.1 Tethersonde Tape File Records 41
4. 150-m Tower Climatological Data 46
4.1 Periods of Data Collection 46
4.1.1 150-m Tower Tape File Records 46
5. Full Scale Plume Study 49
5.1 Periods of Data Collection 49
5.1.1 Data Tape Files 52
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5.2 FSPS 150-m Tower Meteorological Data
5.2.1 Quality Assurance of 150-m tower data
5.2.2 Refinement and Flagging of the 150-m tower data
5.3 150-m Tower Data Tape Files ................... .
5.3.1 150-m Tower Tape File Records
6. FSPS Tracer Gas Data
6.1 Tracer Gas Release System .......................... .
6.1.1 Tracer Sampling
6.1.2 Tracer Analysis
6.2 Tracer Gas Data Tape Files
6.2.1 Tracer Gas Data Tape File Records
7. FSPS 10-m Tower Data
7.1 10-m Tower Meteorological Data
7.2 10-m Tower Meteorological Data Tape Files
7.2.1 10-m Tower Data Tape files
8. FSPS 150-m Tower Sonic Anemometer Data
8.1 Sonic Anemometer System ............. ....... . ....... .
8.2 Sonic Anemometer Data Tape Files
8.2.1 Sonic Anemometer Tape File Records
9. FSPS Doppler Acoustic Sounder Data
9.1 Doppler Acoustic Sounder Systems
9.2 Doppler Acoustic Sounder Data Tape files
9.2.1 Doppler Acoustic Tape File Records
10. FSPS Radar Wind Data
10.1 Radar Wind Systems
10.2 Radar Wind Data Tape Files
10.2.1 Radar Wind Tape File Records .......... .
11. FSPS Tethersonde Data
11.1 Tethersonde Systems
11.2 Tethersonde Data Tape Files
11.2.1 TethersondeTape File Records .......... .
12. FSPS Electronic Weather Station Data ..................... ...
12.1 Electronic Weather Stations
12.2 Electronic Weather Stations Data Tape Files
12.2.1 Electronic Weather Station Data Tape Files
13. Summary .......................... . ............ .
13.1 FSPS Data Base Tape Index
13. 2 Lidar Data
13.3 Conclusion
References
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FIGURES
Number . Page
1 Tracy Power Plant site 10
2 Preliminary FSPS experiment layout 16
3 Preliminary FSPS sampler locations 26
4 FSPS experiment layout 50
5 FSPS sampler locations 68
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TABLES
Number Page
1 Periods of experiment hours - Preliminary FSPS 14
2 Preliminary FSPS tape file index..1. 15
3 Definition of measures 18
4 Tower instrumentation and measures 19
5 150-m tower data records format 23
6 File number 1: 150-m tower 5-rainute averages -
sample printout 24
7 File number 2: SF6 sampler locations - sample printout.... 28
8 Files number 3 and 4: tracer gas concentration data -
sample printout 29
9 Minisonde data records format 31
10 File number 5: Minisonde data - sample printout 32
11 10-m tower data records format.. 33
12 File number 9: 10-m tower data - sample printout 33a
13 Optical crosswind anemometer data records format 34
13a File number 10: Optical crosswind anemometer data -
sample printout 35
14 Electronic weather station data records format 36
15 File number 11: Electronic weather station data -
sample printout 37
16 Doppler acoustic sounder records format 39
17 File number 12: Doppler acoustic sounder data -
sample printout 40
18 WPL tethersonde data records format 42
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Number Page
19 ARLFRD tethersonde data records format 43
20 File number 13: WPL tethersonde data - sample printout 44
21 File number 14: ARLFRD tethersonde data - sample printout.. 45
22 150-m tower climatological data tape file index 46
23 File number 21: 150-m tower climatological data -
sample printout » 48
24 FSPS experiment hours of tracer release and sampling....... 51
25 Full Scale Plume Study 150-m tower tape file index 53
26 Definition of measures 55
27 Corrections made to 150-m tower data.. 58
28 Range limits for 150-m tower data 59
29 150-m tower data records format... 61
30 File number 26: 150-m tower data - sample printout 62
31 Tracer release data 64
32 Tracer concentration records format 71
33 File number 57: Tracer gas concentration data -
sample printout 72
34 10-m tower instrumentation and measures 74
35 10-m tower data records format..... 75
36 File number 85: 10-m tower data - sample printout 76
37 Sonic data records format 79
38 File number 94: Sonic anemometer data - sample printout... 80
39 Doppler acoustic sounder records format 83
40 File number 99: Doppler acoustic sounder data -
sample printout 85
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Number Page
41 Radar wind data records format 87
42 File number 101: radar wind data - sample printout 88
43 A.I.R. tethersonde specifications 90
44 Tethersonde data records format 91
45 File number 126: Tethersonde data - sample printout 92
46 Electronic weather stations data records format 94
47 File number 140: Electronic weather station data -
sample printout 95
48 FSPS data base tape index 96
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
ft Feet
g Acceleration due to gravity
lx,iy,iz Turbulence intensities alongwind, crosswind and
vertical from trl-axial props
km Kilometers
m Meters
Q Tracer gas emission rate
(R,0,Z) Polar coordinates with origin at Tracy Stack
TI Standard deviation
o\j Standard deviation of alongwind velocity fluctuations
about mean wind
oy Standard deviation of crosswind velocity fluctuations
about mean wind
o# Standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations
t Time
T Temperature
u Wind speed
(x,y,z) Cartesian coordinates with origin at Tracy Stack
Z Height above datum, base of Tracy Stack, 1300m
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A.I.R. Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc.
ARLFRD Air Resources Laboratory Field Research Division
ASRL Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
C Celsius
CF3Br Freon 13B1
CCB Cinder Cone Butte
CTDM Complex Terrain Dispersion Model
CTMD Complex Terrain Model Development
ECL Executive Control Language
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPRI Electric Pover Research Institute
ERT Environmental Research & Technology, Inc.
FMF Fluid Modeling Facility
FSPS Full Scale Plume Study
ft feet
GC Gas chromatograph
HER Hogback Ridge
Hz hertz
LMF linear mass flow meter
m meter
MDA Meteorological Data System
m/s meter per second
m.r. mixing ratio
mb millibar
msl mean sea level
mw megawatts
us/m3 micro-seconds per cubic meter
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
ns/m3 nano-seconds per cubic meter
PDT Pacific daylight time
PST Pacific standard time
ppt parts per trillion by volume
r.h. relative humidity
RTD Resistance Thermometric Device
RTI Research Triangle Institute
sec second
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SHIS Small Hill Impaction Study
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator Grid System
WPL Wave Propagation Laboratory
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report is partly composed of excerpts from publications and docu-
ments produced by Environmental Research and Technology, Inc, (ERT) the prime
contractor for the Complex Terrain Model Development project, who compiled the
Full Scale Plume Study data base on magnetic tape. As referenced in the text,
the Fourth Milestone Report - 1984 by Strimaitis et al. (1984) was an impor-
tant source, as was the Fifth Milestone Report - 1985 by DiCristofaro et al.
(1985). All credit for creation of the magnetic tape files in the computer
data base must go to the scientists amd investigators at ERT.
Special thanks go to Mrs. Hazel Hevenor who devoted so much time and effort
to the production of this report.
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 EPA PROGRAM
The extensive development of energy resources, especially in the moun-
tainous terrain of the western United States, has generated concern about the
resulting impact on air quality (as well as on water and land quality). Even
in relatively simple situations, it has been difficult to produce reliable
calculations of atmospheric transport and diffusion. In complex terrain, the
mathematical modeling problem is compounded because the physical processes
are more complicated and meteorological measurements are less representative
than in level terrain settings. Responding to this fundamental problem, the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has embarked upon the Complex
Terrain Model Development Program (CTMD), a ma.lor effort to develop and
demonstrate reliable models of atmospheric dispersion for emissions in moun-
tainous terrain.
An early step in the development of this program was the convening of a
workshop on problems in modeling atmospheric dispersion over complex terrain.
In concert with recommendations in the workshop report (Hovind et al. , 1979)
EPA's CTMD Program required a coordinated effort in mathematical model develop-
ment, field experimentation, and scaled physical modeling. The Program's
basic objective has focused on the problem of stable plume impaction/inter-
action with elevated terrain. This phenomenon was singled out because of the
likelihood of relatively high concentrations and because models now in use
1
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have been challenged extensively on this point. The approach has been to
study stable plume interactions first in relatively simple terrain settings
and subsequently In more complex situations.
EPA's prime contractor for carrying out the CTMD Program is Environmental
Research and Technology, Inc. (ERT). Significant contributions are also
provided by EPA's Fluid Modeling Facility (FMF), by the National Oceanic
Atmospheric Administrations's Air Resources Laboratory Field Research Divi-
sion (ARLFRD) and Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL). ARLFRD conducted flow
visualization and tracer experiments and operated the real-time data acquisi-
tion and analysis system. WPL contributed through their sophisticated measure-
ment capabilities with optical and acoustic anemometers and Lidar instruments.
Four field tracer studies were designed and directed by the model
developers to test model estimates of plume impaction on elevated terrain
with observed tracer concentrations. Usually two tracer gases and a visible
oil-fog were emitted simultaneously to impinge on a targeted terrain feature
instrumented with a network of gas samplers. A meteorological monitoring
system based on a 150-m tower recorded profiles of wind, temperature and
turbulence concurrently with tracer releases. The first study, Small Hill
Impaction No. 1 (SHIS #1), was conducted in October-November 1980 at Cinder
Cone Butte (CCB), a roughly axisymmetrical, isolated 100-m high hill near
Boise, Idaho. The SHIS #1 tracer source data (emission rates, locations and
heights of SF6, CF3Br and oil-fog releases), tracer concentrations and meteor-
ological data from the 150-m tower, five 10-m towers, a tethersonde and free
balloons were subsequently delivered to EPA to form an accessible computer
data base. The data base is described in a report (Truppi and Holzworth,
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1983) that explains the system used to collect the data, the operation proce-
dures used to run the system, and the resulting magnetic tape files that are
accessible by the public either as copies or by interactive computer opera-
tion. A complete description of SHIS #1 at Cinder Cone Butte is contained in
the First Program Milestone Report (Lavery et al. , 1982) and the Second
Milestone Report (Striraaitis et al., 1983), while a third report, (Greene and
Heisler, 1982) described the very thorough quality assurance procedures
maintained during the study.
The second tracer study, SHIS #2, was conducted along an approximately
1.5-km section of the 90-m high Hogback Ridge (HBR) near Parmington, New
Mexico to extend the modeling data base to include a study of flow and disper-
sion around a two-dimensional ridge. Meteorological data from a 150-m tower,
three 10-m towers, two tethersondes, three crosswind optical anemometers and
tracer concentrations of SF6 and CF3Br were assembled into accessible compu-
ter data base, described in an associated report (Truppi, 1985). The Third
Milestone Report (Lavery et al. , 1983) describes the study at HBR, and the
quality assurance procedures are reported in another, (Greene, 1985).
Tracer studies 3 and 4 were conducted at the Tracy Power Plant near
Reno, Nevada, where a tracer gas was emitted from the smokestack of a working
power plant to perform a full scale plume study in a region of irregular and
complicated terrain. Study number 3 in November 1983 was conceived as a
modest feasibility study for the more comprehensive fourth study, but enough
useable data were collected and preserved in a data base to support addi-
tional model development and evaluation. The fourth study, designated the
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the Full Scale Plume Study, was performed in August 1984, and it contributes
the major portion of the data base recorded at the Tracy Power Plant.
The Tracy Power Plant is located about 27 km east of Reno, Nevada in the
Truckee River Valley with mountains surrounding the power plant on all sides.
Some peaks as high as 460 m above the smokestack base afforded opportunities
for plume impaction in many directions, particularly with anticipated west-
erly wind flow associated with stable atmospheric conditions. The power
plant was maintained in a warm stand-by status with the exhaust fan operating
as SF6 tracer gas and an oil-fog were injected into the base of a 91.4-m
(300-ft) smokestack. CFSBr tracer gas was released from one of three levels
on a 150-m meteorological tower located 1.2 km downwind of the power plant
and upwind of the main targeted terrain. Meteorological data recorded on the
150-m tower included wind components from tri-axial propeller anemometers at
six levels, cup .and vane anemometers at three levels, sonic anemometers at
three levels and temperature and temperature differences at six levels. Four
10-m towers and two electronic weather stations were located on terrain
surrounding the power plant, and two vertical doppler acoustic sounding
systems operated near the stack and in the river valley. Tethersonde ascents
were flown near the 150-m tower to compliment data from the tower and a nearby
doppler acoustic sounder. Two radar-tracking balloon systems obtained wind
profiles up to 4 km during periods of tracer release. A lidar system was
employed to sample quasi-perpendicular transects through the oil-fog plume
emitted with the SF6 tracer from the top of the stack.
The Full Scale Plume Study comprised 14 experiments from August 6 to 27,
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1984 for a total of 128 hours of data collection, mainly during the late
evening or early morning hours. Study hours encompassed a variety of condi-
tions ranging from very stable with light winds to morning inversion breakup
and fumigation. Prolonged periods of anticipated stable conditions with
westerly flow occurred with frequent plume irapaction on sampler instrumented
terrain east of the stack. Tracer samples were collected in Tedlar bags at
110 sites, and concentrations were determined .by gas chromatographic analysis.
A tracer concentration data base of over 11,000 hourly samples was accumulated
for both tracer gases, and, in conjunction with the meterological data base,
it is available to model developers to refine existing models or to test new
models.
Data acquired at the Tracy Power Plant during tracer study number 3,
the preliminary full scale plume study from November 7 to 19, 1983, are also
included in the Full Scale Plume Study's data base. Ten experiments were
performed collecting tracer samples with sequential syringe samplers at 53
sites, however, only one tracer gas, SF6, was released from the smokestack.
Meteorological data from the 150-m tower, 10-ra towers, two electronic weather
stations, a doppler acoustic sounder and two tethersondes were also recorded.
Data recording on the 150-m tower was continued from the end of study number 3,
November 1983, until the start of the Full Scale Plume Study , August 1984.
These data are included on the magnetic tape files in the total base from the
Full Scale Plume Study (FSPS).
A complete description of the FSPS at the Tracy Power Plant is contained
in the Fifth Milestone Report (DiCristofaro et al. , 1986), and the prelimi-
nary FSPS is covered in the Fourth Milestone Report (Strimaitis et al. ,
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1984).
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this report is to describe the data collected at the Tracy
Power Plant, Nevada. The purpose of the FSPS was to extend the modeling
data base to include a realistic situation where tracer gas is emitted from
the smokestack of a operating power plant surrounded by mountainous terrain.
This report describes the setting of FSPS, the experimental approach,
and the following data archived on magnetic tape in three sets of data files:
1. Preliminary FSPS - November 7 to 19, 1983;
0 Tower meteorological data - 5-minute averages; 150-m tower east of the
stack (wind, temperature, turbulence scales at four levels -5m, 10
m, 100 ra, 150m); two 10-m towers (wind and temperature);
0 Tracer gas concentrations, SF6 - 1-hour averages (cone Chi - PPT)
0 Two optical crosswind anemometers, wind speed - 10-min averages;
0 Two tethersondes, instantaneous data, two profiles per hour up to 600
m (winds, height, temperature, r.h., m.r. , pressure);
0 Two T-sondes (minisondes), instantaneous data, one profile per hour
up to 3,000 m (winds, heights temperature);
0 Two electronic weather stations, 1-hour averages (winds, temperature);
0 Doppler acoustic sounder, 10-minute averages (winds,
heights).
2. Continuous data recording at Tracy Power Plant - October 14, 1983 to
July 10, 1984;
0 Tower meteorological data - 1-hour averages;
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150-m tower east of the stack (wind, temperature, turbulence scales at
four levels - 5 m, 10 in, 100 m, 150 m)
3. FSPS at Tracy Power Plant - August 6 to 27, 1984:
0 Tower meteorological data 150-m tower east of stack - 5-minute, 1-hour
averages (wind, temperature, turbulence scales at six levels - 10 m,
50 m, 75 m, 100 m, 125 m, 150 m; solar and net radiation at one
level -1m);
10-m towers (4) - 5-minute, 1-hour averages (wind, temperature);
0 Tracer gas concentrations, SF6, CF3Br - 1-hour averages
(concentrations Chi/Q - nsec/m3);
0 Tethersonde, instantaneous data, one profile hour up to 600 m
(winds, height, temperature, r.h., m.r., pressure);
0 Sonic anemometer data, 5-minute, Hiour averages (wind, tempera-
ture, turbulence scales at three levels, 10 m, 100 m, 150 m on
150-m tower);
0 Two electronic weather stations, 1-hour averages (winds, tempera-
ture);
0 Two doppler acoustic sounders, 10-minute averages, (winds, heights);
0 Two radar balloon systems (RABAL), instantaneous data, one
profile per hour up to 3,000m (winds, heights).
Although extensive lidar measurements were made of the oil-fog plume,
these data are contained on a separate computer data base and not included
with the meteorological and tracer data. Copies of the lidar data tapes
and supporting documents may be obtained by a request to the author for
the FSPS lidar data base. Extensive photography of the oil-fog plumes was
also performed, and copies may be obtained from the CTDM project officer.
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SECTION 2
FIELD STUDY AT THE TRACY POWER PLANT, NEVADA
2.1 GEOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL SETTINGS
The Tracy Power Plant was selected as the site of of the Full Scale
Plume Study (FSPS) in the CTMD project after an extensive study of power plants
in the western United States located in settings that could qualify as com-
plex terrain. The Tracy station is operated by Sierra Pacific Power Company,
and the operators were very cooperative in the design of the FSPS. Unit 3 at
Tracy, a 120-MW unit, is maintained in a warm standby status when it is not
generating power, and it is serviced by a 91.4-m (300-ft) smokestack. Most
importantly, complex terrain surrounds the plant, the elevations of the
mountains affording opportunities for plume impaction in many directions.
The principal drawbacks to Tracy were that it is currently gas-fired so that
the plume cannot be traced visually or by lidar and that its 120-raegawatt
capacity and common standby status did not make it representative of large
new sources undergoing regulatory review.
The first of these drawbacks was overcome with augmentation of particu-
late emissions by injection of an oil-fog "smoke" into the base of the stack.
Secondly, the size of Unit #3 at Tracy was not regarded as disqualifying for
the purposes of CTMD since new power-generation units in the West were tend-
ing to fall into the 250-MW range rather than the larger stations common in
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the previous decade, and most sources undergoing regulatory review were
better represented by Tracy than another larger power plant at full load.
Moreover, the scale of Tracy stack emission required less tracer to keep
sample concentrations within an analytical range yielding good chroinatographic
precision.
Figure 1 shows the location of the Tracy Power Plant in the Truckee River
Valley about 27 km (17 mi) east of Reno, Nevada. The Sierra Nevada Mountains
lie to the west and the gradient of the terrain is from west to east. Large-
scale downslope winds drain off the Sierra at night, flow through the canyon,
and reinforce the drainage down the valley. At about 4.5 km east of the
plant, the river swings sharply north through a narrow gorge between two
large hills, Beacon Hill, 1594 m MSL to the west and Target Mountain, 1757 m
MSL to the east. These two terrain features were the principal target areas
to be instrumented with tracer samplers in anticipation of westerly winds
associated with stable nightime conditions. The elevation of the base of the
Tracy stack is 1300 m MSL.
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No historical meteorological record is available from anywhere in the
Truckee River Valley, however, a previous field study (Kapsha, 1976) which
included aircraft, mobile van measurements of S02 as well as pilot balloon
data, suggested that plume transport from the Tracy stack would produce
significant ground-level concentrations at Beacon Hill and Target Mountain.
In July 1983, as part of their initial feasibility study, ARLFRD released
oil-fog from the Tracy stack, and the smoke plume was seen to impact on both
Beacon Hill and Target Mountain.
2.2 Experimental Design
A preliminary field study was performed at Tracy in November 1983 with
the objective of assessing the feasibility of the Tracy site for the FSPS and
to gather information for the experimental design. The scope of this study
was expanded substantially by the co-operation of the Electric Power Research"
Institute (EPRI), with the result that the preliminary field study yielded a
data base useful for model development and evaluation in its own right. Thus,
the preliminary study in November 1983 is considered as the CTMD tracer study
#3, and the August 1984 study is study #4, the FSPS.
Experimental design for both Tracy studies was based on a 150-m meteor-
ological tower erected near the stack to establish profiles of temperature
and wind. This was the same tower employed in the first two CTMD field
studies at Cinder Cone Butte and Hogback Ridge. A network of tracer samplers
was established on terrain targeted for plume impaction, and additional
meteorological instruments were deployed around the region of tracer release
to compliment meteorological data from the 150-m tower. Sites for plume
11
-------
photography and arc lamps to illuminate the oil-fog plume were arranged in
the surrounding terrain.
During selected nightime hours when stable conditions were prevalent,
SF6 tracer and oil-fog particulates were injected into the base of the Tracy
stack as the plant was operating in a warm standby condition. In study num-
ber 4, FSPS, CF3Br tracer was also released from one of three levels on the
150-m tower. A sampler network of 53 sequential syringe samplers was used in
study number 3, but in FSPS, the network was increased to 110 samplers and
the samplers were changed to those that sequentially filled 2-liter Tedlar
bags. Concentrations were determined by gas chromatography.
12
-------
SECTION 3
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY
3.1 PERIODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Table 1 shows the dates and times of the experiments for the preliminary
FSPS. Collection of meteorological data from the 150-m tower, 10-m towers
and electronic weather station was continuous from November 6, 1983, the day
preceding the start of tracer release, through November 21, 1983.
3.1.1 DATA TAPE FILES
Data are stored at the National Computer Center, Environmental Research
Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on Sperry UNIVAC 1100/83
systems magnetic tape, nine track, odd parity, ASCII-quarter word mode,
density 6250 BPI, tape number 007654. Record length is 132 characters, and
the block size is 1320 words or 40 records per block. Upon request, copies
can be furnished and translated into formats acceptable to any computer using
9-track tape drives.
3.1.2 Data Tape File Index
All data recorded at the preliminary FSPS are contained on the first 14
files on tape number 007654 at the National Computer Center, Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina. This tape holds the data base for both the pre-
liminary and the final FSPS at Tracy Power Plant, Nevada. Table 2 presents
an index of the first 14 files.
13
-------
TABLE 1. PERIODS OF EXPERIMENTAL HOURS
PRELIMINARY FSPS
Experiment No .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Date*
Nov. 1983
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
15 - 16
17 - 18
19
Times Tracer
PST
7/0000 -
8/0000 -
9/0200 -
10/0000 -
12/0000 -
14/0000 -
15/0000 -
15/2100 -
17/2200 -
19/0000 -
Release
0600
0300
0700
0500
0900
0900
0900
16/0600
18/0700
0900
*Week 1 - November 7-13, 1983
Week 2 - November 14-20, 1983
14
-------
TABLE 2. PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY
TAPE FILE INDEX
File No. Data
1 150-m Tower meteorological data; 5-min avg.
2 Sampler locations.
3 SF6 tracer concentrations (ppt), week 1; 1-hour avg.
4 SF6 tracer concentrations (ppt), week 2; 1-hour avg.
5 Minisonde meteorological data, central site; week 1.
6 Minisonde meteorological data, remote site; week 1.
7 Minisonde meteorological data, central site; week 2.
8 Minisonde meteorological data, remote site; week 2.
9 10-m Towers 1 & 2 meteorological data; 5-min avg.
10 Optical crosswind anemometer data; 5-min avg.
11 Electronic Weather Stations, East & West,
meteorological data; 1-hour avg.
12 Doppler acoustic sounder data; 10-min avg.
13 Tethersonde meteorological data, NOAA/WPL site.
14 Tethersonde meteorological data, NOAA/AFRLD site.
3.2 TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Three meteorological towers were deployed during the preliminary FSPS at
the Tracy Power Plant. Figure 2 shows the locations around the Tracy stack.
A 150-m "profile" tower was located about 1.2 km east of the stack, between
the stack and the targeted terrain. The purpose of the 150-m tower was to
15
-------
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16
-------
characterize the flow between the tracer plume from the stack and the network
of samplers with regard to temperature stratification, wind speed and direc-
tion, and horizontal and vertical turbulence. To accomplish this, the 150-m
tower was instrumented at four levels, 5, 10, 100, and 150 m. Triaxial
propeller wind sets and temperature sensors were installed at all levels to
obtain a profile of wind, turbulence and temperature. Data are available as
5-minute and 1-hour averages.
A 10-m tower, tower 1, was installed on the crest of a major terrain
feature and tracer target, Beacon Hill, at an altitude of 1598 m. One cup-
and-vane anemometer and temperature sensor were used to record wind speed,
direction and temperature. Another 10-m tower, tower 2, was located near the
foot of another terrain target, Target Mountain, at an altitude of 1401 m.
Instrumentation was the same as tower 1, with the data available as 5-minute
averages.
In addition to the towers, wind and temperature data were recorded by two
electronic weather stations installed in an eastwest line in a canyon at the
base of Target Mountain. Cup—and—vane and temperature sensors were placed on
1.5-m masts. Data are available as 1-hour averages.
Table 3 identifies the codes used for each type of data measurement and
the formulae used to derive additional values, and table 4 shows the arrange-
ment of instrumentation on each tower and mast.
17
-------
TABLE 3. DEFINITION OF MEASURES
Code Measurement Units
U, V, W Vector averaged wind components - props m/s
UX, UV Vector averaged wind components - cup m/s
WS, WD Vector averaged wind speed and direction - props m/s,
deg
SP, DR Vector averaged wind speed and direction - C&V m/s,
deg
SD Sigma theta - props deg
SW Sigma-W - props deg
T RTD temperature C
DT RTD delta T; (T - T(5 m)) C
18
-------
TABLE 4. TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASURES
* ** ***
SITE INSTRUMENTS DIRECT MEASURES DERIVED MEASURES
150-m Tower (Tower base = 1296 m MSL)
Level 1 Triaxial props U,V,W WS,WD,SD,SW
(5 m) RTD T
Level 2 Triaxial props U.V.W WS.WD.SD.SW
(10 m) RTD DT
Level 3 Triaxial props U,V,W WS,WD,SD,SW
(100 m) RTD DT
Level 4 Triaxial props U,V,W WS,WD.SD,SW
(150 m) RTD DT
Tower 1 (Tower base = 1598 m MSL)
Level 1 Cup-and vane UX.UV SPD.DIR
(10 m) RTD T
Tower 2 (Tower base = 1401 m MSL)
Level 1 Cup-and-vane UX,UV SPD.DIR
(10 m) RTD T
Electronic Weather Station - East (Mast base = 1448 m MSL)
Level 1 Cup-and-vane UX.UV SP.DR
(1.5 m) RTD T
Electronic Weather Station - West (Mast base = 1324 m MSL)
Level 1 Cup-and-vane UX,UV SP.DR
(1.5 m) RTD T
* All temperature sensors were mounted in aspirated radiation
shields; an RTD is a Resistance Therraometric Device.
19
-------
TABLE 4. TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASURES (Continued)
** Direct measures are those calculated by the MDS microprocessors from out-
puts of the instrument translators. These measures are sampled at a fre-
quency of 4 scans per second to form a "raw" data base from which 5-min-
ute and Ihour data bases are developed. Direct measures include U,V,W
wind components from the triaxial props, UX,UV wind components from the
cup-and-vane anemometer, and temperature and temperature difference from
the RTD temperature probe.
*** Derived measures are those calculated by the MDS computer from formulae
using one or more "raw" instrument outputs.
Formulae for Computing Derived Meteorological Measures
1. Wind Speed and Direction;
WS,WD - props; SPD.DIR - cup-and-vane
u, v, ="raw" wind components from props;
ux, uv = "raw" wind compontents from Cup-and-vane
WS = SQRT(u2 + v2); SP = SORT(ux2 + uv2)
WD = tan"1 (u/v); DR = tan"1 (ux/uv)
2. Turbulence scale; Sigma-w
SW = SORT
3. Sigma theta;
s = SORT (u2 + v2)
» i
Ew2 - - (Ew)
SD = SORT
- E a ret an-*
N
v E (u/s) - u E (v/s)
u E (u/s) + v E (v/s)
20
-------
3.2.1 Data Acquisition System
NOAA ARLFRD provided a real-time Meteorological Data System (MDS) to
acquire, process, display and store data from the 150-m tower and towers 1 &
2. Operating continuously during each experiment, the MDS sampled the tower
meteorological sensors at a frequency of 4 scans per second, calculated some
derived measures from sensor values and stored all values on magnetic to form
a "raw" data base from which a modeler could recreate any experiment. In
addition, 5-minute and 1-hour averages were computed to form the final and
usable data base. Sensors on the 150-m tower were linked by cable to the
MDS, and data from towers 1 & 2 were telemetered by radio from the remote
sites to the MDS. Wind and temperature data from the electronic weather
station were not acquired by the MDS, but were recorded on chart rolls and
later coded onto magnetic tape.
The Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
EPRI's external audits contractor, provided independent checks of the precis-
ion and accuracy of the field measurements and data handling results. On-site
performance audits were performed on the 150—m tower measurement systems of
wind speed and direction, turbulence and temperature, and on the 10-m tower's
measurements of wind speed and direction and temperature.
3.2.2 150-m Tower Tape File Records
File number 1 on the data base tape contains meterological data from
the 150-m tower as 5-minute averages. Observations began on November 6,
1983, Julian day 310, and ran continuously until November 21,1983. The first
five records have alphabetic ASCII characters of identification and column
21
-------
headings for the data fields in the records that follow. All data records
have data fields arranged as shown in table 5.
Table 6 is a printout of the first block, 40 records, from the first file
on the tape that is FSPS data base. It illustrates how the alphabetic heading
records identify columns of data fields in the data records that follow. Each
data record has 5-minute averages, ending at time indicated, of the observed or
derived meteorological measures on the 150-m tower as indicated by the head-
ing records.
22
-------
TABLE 5. 150-m TOWER DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 3
4 to 5
6 to 7
8 to 23
24 to 43
44 to 63
64 to 68
69 to 83
84 to 103
Contents
Julian day (310 - 325)
Hour (00 - 23); PST
Minute (00 - 55)
Wind direction (WD) , 4-levels; deg
Wind speed (WS), 4-levels; ra/s
Sigma theta (SD), 4-levels; deg
Temperature (T), 5-m; C
Delta-T (DT) , 3-levels; C
Vertical wind component (W),
Format
13
12
12
4F4.0
4F5.1
4F5.1
F5.1
3F5.2
4F5.2
4-levels; m/s
104 to 123 Sigma-W (SW), 4-levels; m/s 4F5.2
23
-------
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24
-------
3.3 Tracer Gas Data
ARLFRD provided an oil-fog generator and a SF6 tracer gas release system
to inject oil-fog and SF6 directly into the 91.4—m stack flue at the Tracy
power plant. The SF6 tracer gas was stored in two compressed gas cylinders at
ground level, and piping carried the gas through a linear mass flow meter
(LFM) system to the point of discharge into the stack. The LFM measured and
displayed the rate of gaseous tracer discharge via real-time digital display,
the total amount of gas discharged via a digital counter, and the analog
output voltage directly proportional to the flow rate.
A nominal SF6 release rate (0) of 1.26 g/s was used during the preliminary
FSPS study. The SF6 and oil-fog releases commenced approximately 30 minutes
prior to the start of sampling to ensure that the SF6 tracer had time to
reach the sampling grid when the samplers were turned on. During the course
of the study, the power plant was in a warm standby status with the stack
continually vented by an exhaust fan located at the bottom of the stack.
Only occasionally was the plant used to generated electricity, at about 20
MW.
3.3.1 Tracer Sampling and Analysis
A sampling network of 63 sites (figure 3) was established by Rockwell
International, an EPRI contractor. Of these sites 43 locations were deployed
to sample concentration during expected westerly wind flow, but easterly winds
were encountered so frequently that additional sites around the plant became
necessary.
25
-------
26
-------
The samplers used were sequential syringe types manufactured by D&S In-
struments. Nine 30 cm3 syringes were housed at each site where one syringe
functioned at 1-hour intervals during a typical 9-hour experiment. A typical
experiment ran from midnight to 0900 PST. In addition to the syringe samplers
ARLFRD provided five sequential bag samplers that filled 2-liter Tedlar bags.
These were collocated at five syringe sites for the purposes of quality assur-
ance purposes. SF6 concentrations from the collocated samplers were included
in the data base with the syringe concentrations.
A printout of file number 2, table 7, contains a listing of UTM coordi-
nates and elevations for all sampler sites. Since each of the 63 possible
sites might also be used for a collocated bag sampler, 126 sites are identi-
fied. Coordinates of the Tracy stack (SRCE) and tethersonde central (TSDC)
and remote (TSDR) sites are included in the first three data records. Sam-
pler sites are identified by an "A" or "C" in the first position and three
integers that follow. The "A" indicates a syringe sampler, and the "C"
indicates a collocated 2-liter Tedlar bag sampler. Five header records
identify the file and present headings to the columns of data records that
follow.
3.3.2 Tracer Gas Data Tape Files
SFg (PPT) concentrations detected by the sampler network are stored in
files number 3 and 4 on tape number 007654 following meteorological data from
the 150-m tower. File 3 has data from the first week of operation, Novem-
ber 7 - 13, 1983, and file 4 has data from the second week November 14 - 20,
1983. Table 8, a sample printout of file 3, illustrates how the data are
27
-------
TABLE 7. FILE NUMBER 2:
SF6 SAMPLER LOCATIONS
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY, NEVADA
NOVEMBER 7-13, 1983; NOVEMBER 14-20, 1983
SF6 SAMPLER LOCATIONS (126), STACK (SRCE) t T-SONDE (TSDC,TSDR) LOCATIONS
X AND Y UTM COORDINATES (KM) AND ELEVATION Z (M) MSL
SITE
SSCE
TSDC
TSDR
A001
C001
AC02
CC02
A003
C003
A004
C004
A005
COOS
A006
C006
A007
CC07
A008
COOS
AC09
C009
A010
C010
A011
C011
A012
"C012
A013
C013
A014
C014
A015
C015
A016
C016
4332.080
4333.652
4384.896
4361.669
4331.669
4332.082
4332.082
4332.646
4382.646
4383.164
4383
4383
4383
4383
4383
4333
43S3
4384
4384
4384
43S4
4382
43S2
4333
4333
4382
4332
4332
43S2
4333
4383
4332
4332
4333
164
271
271
308
303
778
776
348
348
013
013
167
167
633
633
973
973
453
458
036
036
557
557
813
4383.813
Y
283.308
283.654
289.680
287.892
287.892
233.285
283.285
288.647
233.647
239.429
239.429
289.026
289.026
288.471
288.471
288.656
238.656
289.039
289.039
239.395
239.395
233.598
233.593
289.947
239.947
289.784
239.784
289.759
289.759
290.459
290.459
291.022
291.022
291.425
291.425
Z
1300.
1353.
1286.
1457.
1457.
1469.
1469.
1465.
1465.
1457.
1457.
1464.
1464.
1458.
1458.
1429.
1429.
1469.
1469.
1607.
1607.
1540.
1540.
1565.
1565.
1562.
1562.
1530.
15SO.
1751.
1751.
1658.
1653.
1574.
1574.
SUM
5965.388
6020.306
5960.576
6126.561
6126.561
6139.367
6139.367
6136.293
6136.293
6129.593
6129.593
6136.297
6136.297
6129.779
6129.779
6101.434
6101.434
6142.387
6142.387
6280.40S
6280.408
6210.765
6210.765
6238.560
6238.580
6234.757
6234.757
6252.217
6252.217
6424.495
6424.495
6331.579
6331.579
6249.233
6249.238
28
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TABLE 8. FILES NUMBER 3 AND 4:
TRACER GAS CONCENTRATION DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY, NV
TAPE
DATA
SITE
SF6
A001
A003
A003
A004
A005
A006
A007
A008
A009
A010
C010
A011
A012
A013
A014
A015
A016
A017
A018
A019
A020
A021
A022
C022
A023
A024
A025
A026
A027
C027
A023
A029
A030
A031
A032
CONTAINS EPRI-PMV TRACY SITE DATA FOR THE WEEK OF 11/07/83.
INCLUDED: SF& BEGIN END AVG. DATA PTS
ID COHC(PPT) MODYHR HRHM ttGDYHR HRMM SEC NO.
110700 0000 110700 0100 3600 047
6
2
7
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
7
10
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
0
29
-------
presented. The first five records are header records that identify the file
and present column headings. The first data record with "SF6" in the first
three positions identifies the hour ending the sampling in positions 49 to
52. Each time a new hour of sampling data is presented, a new data record
with a date - time identification appears. Data records with SF6 concentra-
tions identify the site in positions 1 to 4 and the concentrations follow in
positions 11 to 16.
3.4 MINISONDE DATA
Data are stored in files number 5, 6, 7, and 8 on tape numher 007654
following the tracer gas tape files. Two minisonde sites operated by Rockwell
International recorded data at 1-hour intervals during periods of tracer
release; one near the Tracy stack, termed the central site, and a remote
site in the Truckee River Valley east of the targeted terrain. Double theodo-
lite tracking was used up to 2.5-3 km above the ground. Files 5 and 6 store
minisonde data from the first week, November 7 - 13, 1983, of the preliminary
FSPS for the central site and remote site respectively, and files 7 and 8
contain the second week's data, recorded November 14 - 20, 1983.
3.4.1 Minisonde Tape File Records
Header records occupy the first 5 records, followed by two data
records with date and time identification. Each following data record is a
level of minisonde data. Termination of a minisonde ascent is indicated by
the introduction of two new time and date records. Data records have data
fields arranged as shown in table 9.
30
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TABLE 9. MINISONDE DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
9 to 10
16 to 20
26 to 30
36 to 40
46 to 50
Contents
Level number
Height of level; m
Wind speed; ra/s
Wind direction; deg
Temperature; K
FORMAT
12
F5.0
F5.0
F5.0
F5.0
Table 10, a sample printout of file 5, shows how the data are presented.
The same tape formats are used for files 6, 7, and 8. Missing data are de-
noted by A value of -955.
3.5 10-M TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Data are stored in file 9 on tape number 007654. Instrumentation for
the 10-m towers has been previously explained in table 4. Data are presented
as 5-minute averages of temperature, wind speed and direction for both sta-
tions 1 and 2.
3.5.1 10-M Tower Tape File Records
Seven alphabetic header records precede the data records to identify the
date and time and to place column headings. Data records follow with 5-minute
averages of meteorological data from both towers. Table 11 shows the arrange-
ment of data fields in file 9.
31
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TABLE 10. FILE NUMBER 5:
MINISONDE DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMIHARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY, NEVADA
NOVEMBER 7 -13, 1933;
MINISCN'DE DATA - TSOC
HT
(tl)
DATE(MQDYYR)-110783.
TinE(HRMM)-
LEVEL - 1
Z
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
30.
0.
70.
160.
183.
246.
349.
415.
453.
509.
577.
645.
713.
781.
848.
916.
984.
1052.
1120.
1183.
1256.
1324.
1391.
1459.
1527.
1595.
1663.
1731.
1799.
1866.
1934.
110783.
130.
0.
(UEEK 1)
(CENTRAL SITE)
WIND SPD
(M/S)
110783.
30.
-995.
3.
4.
1.
5.
4.
3.
2.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
110783.
130.
-995.
WIND DIR
(DEG)
110783.
30.
-995.
316.
321.
305.
315.
291.
255.
260.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995."
110783.
130.
-995.
TEMP
(K)
110733.
30.
286.
286.
286.
285.
284.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
-995.
110733.
130.
285.
32
-------
TABLE 11. 10-M TOWER DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 7
11 to 17
21 to 27
31 to 37
41 to 47
51 to 57
61 to 67
Contents
Hour Minute. sec; PST
Temperature, tower 1; C
Wind speed, tower 1 ; mi/hr
Wind direction, tower 1; deg
Temperature, tower 2; C
Wind speed, tower 2; mi/hr
Wind direction, tower 2; deg
Format
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
Table 12. is a sample printout of file 9. Data were recorded con-
tinuously beginning on November 6, 1983 and ending on November 21, 1983.
Missing values are denoted by '9999' in the data field.
3.6 OPTICAL CROSSWIND ANEMOMETER DATA
WPL provided a two-path crosswind anemometer system that was located
at the east end of Target Mountain Draw, and the observations are presented
in file 10. Data consists of direct measures of wind speeds crosswind to the
paths, and the derived values of east-west (U), north-south (V) components,
wind speed and wind direction averaged at 5-minute intervals. Heights of
optical transmitter and receiver at the end of each path were 1 m above the
ground.
33
-------
TABLE 12. FILE NUMBER 9:
10-M TOWER DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY
NOVEMBER 6-19, 1983
10-METER TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA
EXP. Si; NOV. 6-7, 1983
STATION 1
TRACY,NEVADA
STATIONS 1 & 2
STATION 2
HRMM
2200.00
2205.00
2210.00
2215.00
2220.00
2225.00
2230.00
2235.00
2240.00
2245.00
2250.00
2255.00
2300.00
2305.00
2310.00
2315.00
2320.00
2325.00
2330.00
2335.00
2340.00
2345.00
2350.00
2355.00
2400.00
2405.00
2410.00
2415.00
2420.00
2425.00
2430.00
2435.00
2440.00
TEMP
Tl-DEG C
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
SPD
MI/HR
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9.00
9.00
15.00
10.00
25.00
15.00
30.00
26.00
26.00
21.00
16.00
23.00
22.00
10.00
19.00
DIR
UD = DG
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
TEMP
T2-DEG C
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
9999.00
SPD
MI/HR
10.00
11.00
11.00
12.00
10.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
13.00
11.00
11.00
11.00
12.00
12.00
7.00
8.00
8.00
9.00
9.00
10.00
13.00
10.00
14.00
13.00
19.00
12.00
15.00
17.00
14.00
15.00
12.00
13.00
12.00
DIR
WD=DG
283.00
275.00
218.00
270.00
255.00
208.00
290.00
278.00
285.00
300.00
290.00
283.00
263.00
233.00
245.00
270.00
270.00
283.00
290.00
283.00
278.00
268.00
270.00
200.00
265.00
236.00
280.00
293.00
280.00
278.00
303.00
205.00
208.00
33ct
-------
3.6.1 Optical Crosswind Anemometer Tape File Records
Six alphabetic header records precede the data records to identify the
date and time an to place column headings. Data records follow and summarize
5-minute averages of wind data from both paths. Table 13 shows the arrange-
ment of data fields in file 10.
TABLE 13. OPTICAL CROSSWIND ANEMOMETER DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 2
3 to 4
7 to 13
17 to 23
29 to 35
38 to 44
47 to 53
58 to 64
Contents
Hour; PST
Minute
Crosswind wind speed - path 1 ; m/s
Crosswind wind speed - path 2; m/s
East-west wind component (U); m/s
North-south wind component (V); m/s
Wind speed; m/s
Wind direction; deg
Fo rmat
12
12
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
F7.2
Table 13a illustrates the arrangement of header and data records in
file 10.
34
-------
TABLE 13a FILE NUMBER 10:
OPTICAL CROSSWIND ANEMOMETER DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY -
OPTICAL ANEMOMETER DATA - TEST
AZIMUTH PATH 1 = 117.4
CROSSUIN'D SPEEDS
TRACY, NEVADA
DATE: 11/5-6/33
AZIMUTH PATH 2 = 202.8
TIME
HRMM
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1930
1955
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
2100
2105
2110
2115
2120
2125
2130
2135
2140
2145
2150
2155
PATH 1
(M/S)
1.20
1.20
1.00
1.10
1.40
1.50
1.20
.60
.60
.80
.70
.30
.30
.70
.80
.50
.20
-.10
.50
1.30
1.70
1.50
1.00
.70
.40
.40
1.30
1.20
-CO
-.10
.20
1.10
1.50
.60
PATH 2
(M/S)
.80
1.00
1.30
1.40
l.EO
1.40
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.60
1.80
1.70
1.70
1.80
2.00
1.70
1.10
.60
1.10
1.60
1.80
1.90
1.90
1.50
1.10
1.20
1.40
.80
.30
.20
.SO
1.60
u
(M/S)
-1.18
-1.36
-1.55
-1.67
-1.88
-1.83
-2.07
-1.84
-1.84
-1.83
-1.70
-1.54
-1.72
-1.79
-1.83
-1.80
-1.86
-1.48
-1.17
-1.04
-1.64
-2.01
-1.99
-1.96
-1.85
-1.49
-1.49
-1.54
-1.32
-.67
-.34
-.61
-1.30
-1.66
V
(M/S)
-.74
-.65
-.32
-.37
-.60
-.74
-.28
.28
.28
.04
.09
.16
.55
.14
,04
.37
.74
.88
.05
-.93
-1.06
-.65
-.09
.23
.51
.32
-.69
-.56
.46
.16
-.05
-.92
-1.02
.18
SPEED
(M/S)
1.39
1.50
1.53
1.72
1.97
1.97
2.09
1.86
1.86
1.83
1.70
1.61
1.81
1.79
1.83
1.84
2.00
1.72
1.18
1.39
1.96
2.11
1.99
1.93
1.92
1.53
1.64
1.63
1.40
.82
.35
1.11
1.65
1.67
DIRECTION
(DEG)
57.87
64.47
78.15
77.51
72.24
67.96
82.33
9S.55
93.55
91.41
93.08
106.66
107.84
94.40
91.41
101.59
111.66
120.74
92.22
43.34
57.03
72.10
87.30
96.67
105.35
102.20
64.94
70.10
109.20
124.43
82.33
33.22
51.85
96.32
35
-------
3.7 ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATION DATA
Data recorded at two electronic weather stations located at the east and
west ends of Target Mountain Draw are in file 11 of the data base tape.
Values were recorded as 1-hour averages of wind speeds and directions on
1.5-m masts at both stations and temperature values at at east station.
3.7.1 Electronic Weather Station Tape File Records
Nine header records precede the data records, followed by twenty four
hourly data records. Table 14 illustrates the arrangement of data fields in
file 11.
TABLE 14. ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATION RECORDS FORMAT
Position
9
11
13
17
20
26
35
44
58
67
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
10
12
14
18
21
29
38
47
61
70
Month
Day
Year
Hour
Contents
ending; PST
Second
Wind
Wind
direction, east station; deg
speed, east station; m/s
Temperature, east station; C
Wind
Wind
direction, west station; deg
speed, west station; m/s
Fo rmat
12
12
12
12
12
F4.
F4.
F4.
F4.
F4.
0
1
1
0
1
Table 15 is a sample printout of file 11.
36
-------
TABLE 15. FILE NUMBER 11:
ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATION DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
MOOYYR
110483
110463
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110433
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110483
110463
EPA
HOUR
ENDS.
(PST)
l-'OO
2:00
3 = 00
4 = 00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10 = 00
11- -00
13:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19 :00
20:00
21 = 00
22:00
23:00
24:00
EPA
COMPLEX TERRAIN PRELIMINARY
TRACY STATION, NEVADA
NOVEMBER 4TH THROUGH 21ST,
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
270.
270.
288.
171.
54.
36.
15.
324.
333.
C A CT
WIND
SPEED
(MPS)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
1.8
1.8
2.2
1.3
.9
.9
.4
.4
.4
COMPLEX TERRAIN
TEMP.
(DEG C)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
15.6
14.4
12.8
11.1
10.0
8.3
7.2
6.7
6.7
PRELIMINARY
EXPERIMENT
1983
IJCCT
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
255.
261.
249.
243.
£55.
288.
261.
90.
70.
81.
90.
90.
EXPERIMENT
WIND
SPEED
(MPS)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
1.3
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.2
.9
.4
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
HOUR
ENDG.
TRACY STATION, NEVADA
NOVEMBER 4TH THROUGH 21ST,
EUS DATA-
EAST
WIND WIND
DIRECTION SPEED TEMP.
1983
WEST
WIND WIND
DIRECTION SPEED
37
-------
3.8 DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER DATA
A doppler acoustic sounding system was installed by WPL near the Tracy
stack to test the feasibility of obtaining realtime information on the verti-
cal structure of winds. Data from the system were averaged at 10-minute
intervals and placed on tape file 12. Soundings began on November 9 and
continued until November 18, 1983. Measures of wind speed and direction were
made at 25 m height intervals from 50 m to 400 m.
3.8.1 Doppler Acoustic Sounder Tape File Records
Seven header records precede the data records when the file begins.
The first three identify the file and the next four head the data column and
identify dates, times, measures and heights. Each data record has measures
at one level for six consecutive 10-minute values of wind speed and direction.
Arrangement of data fields in file 12 is shown in table 16.
38
-------
TABLE 16. DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER RECORDS FORMAT
Position
3 to
17 to
26 to
36 to
45 to
55 to
64 to
74 to
83 to
93 to
102 to
112 to
121 to
5
21
28
40
47
59
66
78
85
97
104
116
123
Contents
Height of measure; m
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
speed; m/s
direction; deg
speed; m/s
direction; deg
speed; m/s
direction; deg
speed; m/s
direction; deg
speed; m/s
direction; deg
speed; m/s
direction; deg
Format
13
F5.
13
F5.
13
F5.
13
F5.
13
F5.
13
F5.
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 17 is a sample printout of file 12 of the data base tape.
39
-------
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II
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1— II "" ° rlrtrHrHrHrH,
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I— < II rH O
ry* it rH O
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0. II
s: ii
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^JJJUJ M OCT-0-OONO-
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Z. II
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r— II HH rH 0
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NjrOrHrHr^Nrf'Nj'rONO & |ONO.ONO.O.ONO»rOrN,
NjooocooNOfN-in HH ONOOo.ot7NO.inNO
NJCvlCJCJrHCJrHrHrHO Q |O OOOOOOf-HrH
\
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nNTNOincviKiroiMcj w^ 0000000.01^
1 1 1 1 I 1 1
t-
z
Dinoinomoino CD oinoinoinomo
^> cj o r^ m cj o r^« m n o r^« in cj o r^ in cj o
NJ ^j (^j r^ rH rH rH UJ .3* fO tO FO rO CJ CJ CJ CM
X
o o o o o
o o o o o
0 0 O 0 O
o o o o o
o o o o o
O 0 O O O
CO CJ t*l *O ^
*o f*i t*i f*i f*^
K> O CO M (O
0 rH rH CJ CJ
O W LA CO ^l
Ul «J* K) C«J rH
ro o ift r^ ^f
10 s± ^ >r >j-
o o co f"» r*-
)> so co M r^
%3- Kl Kl K» cy
1/1 O »H i— ( O
in ui s± m -T
»-t i-l t-< f-t r-t
eg o in o co
•O -O -O ^> U1
in o in o in
r*» m cj o r*^
rH »H rH rH
40
-------
3.9 TETHERSONDE DATA
Tethersonde data were observed at two locations during the preliminary
FSPS. WPL operated a tethersonde east of the Tracy stack upwind of the tar-
geted terrain at the bend to the north of the Truckee River. Data from this
site are contained in file 13 of the data base tape. ARLFRD operated a
tethersonde system slightly upwind of the Tracy stack, and data are held in
file 14. Both systems observed profiles up to 600 m during periods of tracer
release. Ascents were flown during the first half-hour of each experiment
hour and descents during the second half-hour.
3.9.1 Tethersonde Tape File Records
Each tethersonde recorded data in slightly different formats. Five
alphabetic header records precede each experiment's set of ascents to identify
the date and times of observations, but data records differ beween the two
sites. Table 18 illustrates the data record formats for the WPL site, and
table 19 shows the arrangement or records used by the ARLFRD system.
41
-------
TABLE 18. WPL TETHERSONDE DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 14
17 to 22
24 to 30
32 to 36
39 to 43
46 to 50
55 to 59
61 to 65
68 to 72
Contents
Month
Day
Year
Hour; PST
Minute
Second
Barometric pressure; tnb
Height of level; m
Temperature; C
Relative humidity; %
Mixing ratio;
Wind direction; deg
Wind speed; m/s
Potential temperature; K
FORMAT
12
12
12
12
12
12
F6.2
F6.1
F5.1
F5.1
F5.1
F5.1
F5.1
F5.1
42
-------
TABLE 19. ARLFRD TETHERSONDE DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 5
6 to 10
12 to 13
14 to 15
16 to 18
21 to 26
29 to 34
38 to 42
45 to 50
53 to 58
Contents
Day
Run number
Hour; PST
Minute
Seconds
Height of level; m
Temperature; C
Wind speed; m/s
Wind direction; deg
Barometric pressure; rab
Fo rraat
F5.0
F5.0
12
12
F3.0
F6.2
F6.2
F5.2
F6.2
F6.2
Tables 20 and 21 are sample printouts of files 13 and 14.
43
-------
TABLE 20, FILE NUMBER 13;
WPL TETHERSONDE DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY, NEVADA
NOVEMBER 8-19, 1983
TETHERSONDE DATA - WPL
DATE TIME PRES HT TEMP RH MIXRAT
MODYYR HHMHSS MB M C 7. S/KG
110783 235845 872.30 0.0 -2.7 71.9 2.5
110783 2359 0 872.30 0.0 -2.7 71.2 2.5
110783 235916 872. 40 -0.9 -2.6 67.9 2.4
110783 235931 872.30 0.0 -2.2 63.4 2.3
110733
110883
110883
110883
110883
110383
110883
110883
110883
110383
110883
110383
110883
110883
110883
110883
110883
110833
110883
110883
110883
110883
110883
110883
110833
110883
110S33
110883
110883
110883
110883
235946
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 Z
017
033
048
1 3
118
134
149
2 4
220
235
251
3 6
321
337
352
4 7
422
438
453
5 9
524
539
555
610
625
641
656
712
727
872
872
872
872
872
872
872
871
871
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.20
.00
.80
.80
871.40
671
870
870
869
869
668
868
868
867
867
866
866
865
864
664
863
863
862
861
861
860
.00
.60
.20
.70
.30
.90
.30
.00
.50
.10
.30
.00
.30
.80
.30
.60
.00
.00
.70
.10
.60
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
0.9
2.7
4.6
4.6
8.2
11.9
15.6
19.3
23.9
27.6
31.3
36.8
39.6
44.2
47.9
55.3
58.1
64.6
69.2
73.9
80.4
86.0
95.3
93.1
103.7
108.3
-2.0
-2.0
-2.1
-2.1
-2.4
-2.1
-1.8
-1.2
-0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
62.2
63.6
66.0
65.5
70.0
62.9
58.0
52.9
44.6
46.8
49.1
51.9
52.3
51.7
53.3
51.7
51.9
51.6
52.9
53.3
52.4
50.5
48.8
48.7
49.9
50.6
51.3
52.3
51.8
52.8
54.0
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
DIR
DEC
308.2
286.8
268.3
247.2
272.9
277.3
264.5
262.5
236.2
215.8
190.5
185.1
173.7
165.7
155.3
166.4
152.3
179.4
173.3
182.7
174.4
179.9
174.3
179.4
178.1
180.8
188.8
190.0
203.0
198.4
203.4
193-0
218.1
227.0
217.2
SPEED
M/S
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.4
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.3
1.7
1.6
POTT
K
281.2
281.2
281.4
281.7
281.9
281.9
231. 8
281.9
281.5
281.8
282.2
282.8
233.9
284.3
284.4
284.4
284.4
284.6
234.5
284.8
284.9
285.0
234.9
234.9
285.1
£85.3
285.7
285.9
285.9
2S5.9
285.9
286.0
236.0
286.1
286.1
44
-------
TABLE 21. FILE NUMBER 14:
ARLFRD TETHERSONDE DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
PRELIMINARY FULL SCALE PLUME
NOVEMBER 8-19, 1983
TETHERSONDE DATA - ARLFRD
STUDY - TRACY, NEVADA
DAY
8.
3.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
e.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
a.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
RUN
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.
TIME
HHMMSS
10559.
11022.
11156.
11311.
11426.
11522.
11637.
11734.
11649.
12004.
12119.
12234.
12408.
12657.
12850.
13023.
13216.
13446.
13735.
13947.
14254.
14736.
15102.
15506.
15910.
23216.
23505.
23524.
23601.
23620.
23658.
23717.
23735.
23754.
23813.
HT
M
0.00
21.00
47.00
73.00
99.00
122.00
148.00
168.00
201.00
225.00
246.00
273.00
297.00
270.00
250.00
226.00
200.00
173.00
149.00
125.00
101.00
75.00
51.00
24.00
0.00
0.00
33.00
50.00
80.00
99.00
138.00
159.00
180.00
199.00
220.00
T
C
11.64
12.49
12.63
12.81
12.77
13.00
13.14
13.05
13.01
13.07
13.18
13.12
13.25
13.30
13.37
13.24
13.27
13.41
13.37
13.38
13.34
13.10
12.79
12.27
11.82
-5.69
-3.41
-3.15
-1.92
-1.71
-1.78
-1.74
-1.45
-1.28
-1.16
SPD
M/S
0.20
0.10
0.50
0.40
0.00
0.40
0.30
0.50
1.00
0.40
1.10
1.20
0.80
0.90
1.20
0.80
0.50
0.10
0.80
1.70
1.30
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
1.30
1.20
1.00
1.10
0.00
0.60
0.20
0.70
0.40
DIR
DEG
111.00
359.00
311.00
296.00
261.00
232.00
310.00
255.00
224.00
243.00
312.00
320.00
326.00
326.00
301.00
296.00
306.00
297.00
199.00
195.00
207.00
199.00
227.00
8.00
289.00
205.00
23.00
17.00
10.00
10.00
337.00
151.00
158.00
236.00
194.00
PRESS
MB
874.58
872.13
869.52
866.85
864.18
861.78
859.12
857.12
853.79
851.25
649.12
846.46
844.06
846.72
843.72
851.12
853.79
856.59
858.99
861.39
863.92
866.72
869.12
871.92
674.45
874.53
870.98
868.98
865.65
863.78
859.52
657.25
854.85
852.99
850.59
45
-------
SECTION k
150-M TOWER CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
IK! PERIODS OF DATA COLLECTION
ERT erected and instrumented the 150-m tower at four levels and sup-
plied a data acquisition system for the tower in October 1983, a month before
the preliminary FSPS began. Data were recorded continuously through the
preliminary FSPS until July 198U, a month before the FSPS was to begin. Data
summaries were 1-hour averages of the same meteorological instrumentation in
operation at the preliminary FSPS. Data recorded for this extended period
are stored on ten files, 15 to 2k, on tape number 00765^, following the
preliminary FSPS data. Table 22 presents an index of the ten files.
k.I.I 150-m Tower Tape File Records
Data record formats are the same as those used for 150-m tower data
from the preliminary FSPS, table k, except each record is a 1-hour average
instead of a 5-minute average. File number l6 contains the 1-hour averages
of data recorded during the preliminary FSPS. Table 23 is sample printout
from file 21 to illustrate how the data are stored.
-------
TABLE 22. 150-M CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
TAPE FILE DATA
File No. Data
15 October 14-31, 1983
16 November 1983
17 December 1983
18 January 1984
19 February 1984
20 March 1984
21 April 1984
22 May 1984
23 June 1984
24 July 1-10, 1984
47
-------
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48
-------
SECTION 5
FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY
5.1 PERIODS OF DATA COLLECTION
The FSPS comprised 14 experiments and a total of 128 hours of data
collection. Table 24 lists the dates and durations of the 14 experiments.
Experiment hours encompassed a variety of meteorological conditions ranging
from very stable with very light winds to morning inversion breakup and
fumigation. On several evenings early in an experiment, strong winds from
the west produced near-neutral flow in the valley. Prolonged periods of
stable plume impaction on the targeted terrain to the east frequently occurred.
Figure 4 shows the field experiment layout of instrumentation around the Tracy
Power Plant.
49
-------
ID
CO
cn
a)
o
s-
-------
TABLE 24. FSPS EXPERIMENT HOURS OF TRACER RELEASE AND SAMPLING
Exp no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Date (AUG 84) Time (PDT) Release
SF6 CF3Br
6 0300-0700
7 0300-0700
9-10 2000-0600
10-11 2000-0600
11-12 2000-0600
15 - 16 2200-0800
16 - 17 2200-0800
17 - 18 2200-0800
20 -21 2200-0800
21 - 22 2300-0900
22 - 23 2300-0900
25 0000-1000
26 0000-1000
27 0000-1000
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
9
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
Sampling
SF6 CF3Br
4
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
51
-------
5.1.1 DATA TAPE FILES
Data are stored at the National Computer Center, Environmental Research
Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on Sperry UNIVAC 1100/83
systems magnetic tape, nine track, odd parity, ASCII-quarter word mode,
density 6250 BPI, tape number 007654. Record length is 132 characters, and
the block size is 1320 words or 40 records per block. All data recorded at
the FSPS are contained in files 25 to 140, following files of the 150-m tower
climatological data.
5.2 FSPS 150-m TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA
The same 150-m tower used in the preliminary FSPS and in the ten-month
climatological collection period was instrumented with additional sensors at
seven levels. Table 25 presents an index of the FSPS meteorological data
from the 150-m tower, files 25 to 56, and table 26 defines the measure codes.
52
-------
TABLE 25. FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY 150-M TOWER
TAPE FILE INDEX
File no. Measures
150-m tower meteorological data; 5-rainute avg.
25 1-m; SR.NR;
26 10-m; U,V,W,IXP,IYP,IZP,SPV,DPV,UCS,VCS
27 10-m; SCS,DCS,SDR,IYS,T,DVS,SDV,FVC,SFV,SQP
28 10-m; SVP.SWP
29 50-m; U,V,W,IXP,IYP,IZP,SPV,DPV,TD,TC
30 50-m; SUP,SVP,SWP
31 75-m; UCS,VCS,SCS,DCS,SRD,IYS,TD,TC,SDS,DVS
32 75-m; SDV
33 100-m; U,V,W,IXP,IYP,IZP,SPV,DPV,UCV,VCV
34 100-m; UCS,VCS,SCV,DCV,SCS,DCS,IXC,IYC,SDR,IYS
35 100-m; TD,TC,SDS,DVS,SDV,SUP,SVP,SWP,SUC,SVC
36 125-m; U,V,W,IXP,IYP,IZP,SPV,DPV,TD,TC
37 125-m; SUP,SVP,SWP
38 150-m; U,V,W,IXP,IYP,IZP,SPV,DPV,UCV,VCV
39 150-m; UCS,VCS,SCV,DCV,SCS.DCS,IXC,IYC,SDR,IYS
40 150-m; TD,TC,SDS,DVS,SDV,SUP,SVP,SWP,SUC,IYS
150-m tower meteorological data; 1-hour avg.
41 1-m; same as files 25 to 40
42 10-m;
43 10-m;
44 10-m;
(Continued)
53
-------
TABLE 25. FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY 150-M TOWER
TAPE FILE INDEX (Continued)
File No.
Measures
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
50-m;
50-m;
75-m
75-m;
100-m;
100-m;
100-m;
125-m;
125-m;
150-m;
150-m;
150-m;
TABLE 26. DEFINITION OF MEASURES
Code
u.v.w
ucv.vcv
ucs.vcs
SPV
DPV
scv
DCV
Vector
Vector
Scalar
Vector
Vector
Vector
Vector
Definition
averaged wind components - props
averaged wind components - cup & vane
averaged wind components - cup & vane
averaged wind speed - props
averaged wind direction - props
averaged wind speed - cup & vane
averaged wind direction - cup & vane
Units
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s
deg
m/s
deg
(Continued
54
-------
TABLE 26. DEFINITION OF MEASURES (Continued)
Code
Definition
Units
SCS Scalar averaged wind speed - cups m/s
DCS Scalar averaged wind direction - vane deg
IXP* Alongwind intensity of turbulence - props percent
IYP** Crosswind intensity of turbulence - props percent
IZP*** Vertical intensity of turbulence - props percent
IXC* Alongwind intensity of turbulence - cup & vane percent
IYC** Crosswind intensity of turbulence - cup & vane percent
IYS+ Scalar crosswind intensity of turbulence - vane percent
SDR Standard deviation of wind direction - vane deg
T Ambient air temperature - RTD C
TD Temperature difference - RTD C
TC Calculated temperature, TC = T + TD C
SDS Standard deviation of wind speed - cups m/s
DVS Scalar averaged of vane output signal deg
SDV Standard deviation of vane output signal deg
FVC Fixed voltage constant volts
SVC Standard deviation of fixed voltage constant volts
SR Solar radiation langleys/min
NR Net radiation langleys/min
Direct measures are values calculated from instrument output voltages;
U,V,W,IXP,1YP,IZP,UCV,VCV,UCS,VCS,SCV,DCV,SCS,IXC,IYC,IYS,T,TD,SDS,DVS,
SDV,FVC,SVC,SR,NV.
55
-------
Formulae:
* 2222 22
fl r (Zu) Zu + (Zv) Zv + 2ZuZvZuv (Zu) + (Zv) ,-,1/2 -
IX = {- [ s^— - —^ *• ]} * U
** 2222
IY , {\ [lu2 * Iv2 - tu H- (iv) iv + 2IuIvIuv])l/2 ^ -
(Zu) + (Zv)
*** 9 2
12 = {lw2 - (Zw?2}l/2 ^ -
M
2 2 1/2
where U = ^ \ — -^ — i— ' - is the vector resultant mean wind speed,
N is the number of samples in the calculations, u and v are the
instantaneous wind component speeds from the propeller anemometers or
cup and vane, and w is the vertical instantaneous wind component speed
from the propeller anemometer.
"*" IYS = SDR • r- • 100
Derived measures are values calculated by computer from direct
measures;
SPV,DPV,DCS,SDR,TC.
SPV.DPV = vector resultants of speed and direction computed from
direct cup & vane components , UCS ,VCS
DCS = mean of vector resultant directions computed from direct
cup & vane components, UCS,VCS
SDR = Sigma theta, cup & vane (Yamartino method)
e = SQRT[ 1- (USC2 + VCS2)]
SDR = SIN-l(e)(1.0 + 0.1547e3)
TC = T + TD
56
-------
5.2.1 Quality Assurance of 150-m Tower data
Quality assurance of the meaurements on the 150-m tower relied on opera-
tional checks before shipment to the site, calibration at installation and
takedown, frequent documented checks of alignment of the translator elec-
tronics, and a comprehensive audit. The alignment checks and the audit
results show that the uncertainties in the outputs are quite narrow in range
for most instruments.
5.2.2 Refinement and Flagging of the 150-m Tower Data
The data have been subjected to a refinement process as done following
tracer studies numbers 1 and 2. Because of the configuration of the data
acquisition system, only 5-minute averaged values were available instead of
the raw 1-sec values archived in SHIS #2. The UVW-propeller data, had to be
corrected for non-cosine response in an average sense, as was done in SHIS
#1. Table 27 lists the changes made to the 5-minute and 1-hour instrument
outputs to improve their accuracy by correcting for audited errors in orien-
tation to true north and consistent errors in translator alignment. Table 28
presents upper and lower range limits for measured values. If the value was
greater than the maxiumum range limit, a data flag next to the value in the
tape data record was set to "0" for over the limit. If the value were less
than the minimun range, the data flag was set to "U" for under the minimum
range limit.
57
-------
TABLE 27. CORRECTIONS MADE TO 150-M TOWER DATA
Level (m) U-Prop V-Prop W-Prop DCS, DCV
10 0.00 m/s -0.02 m/s 0.00 m/s 3.6 deg
50 0.00 -0.02 -0.02
75 1.6
100 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 1.8
125 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02
150 0.00 -0.03 -0.03
58
-------
TABLE 28. RANGE LIMITS FOR 150-M TOWER DATA
Measure
U, V
w
IXP, IYP
IZP
SPV
DPV
UCV, VCV
ucs, vcs
scv
DCV
scs
DCS
IXC, IYC
SDR
IYS
T
TD
TC
SDS
DVS
SDV
SR
NR
FVC
SVC
Lower Limit
-15.0 m/s
-0.8 m/s
2.0 %
1.0 %
0.0 m/s
0.0 deg
-15.0 m/s
-25.1 m/s
0.0 m/s
0.0 deg
0.1 m/s
0.0 deg
2.0 %
1.5 deg
2.0 %
-3.0 C
-3.0 C
-3.0 C
0.05 m/s
0.0 deg
1.5 deg
0.0 ly/min
-0.12 ly/min
2.487 volts
0.000 volts
Upper Limit
15.0 m/s
0.8 m/s
99.9 7.
39.9 7.
15.0 m/s
360.0 deg
15.0 m/s
25.1 m/s
15.0 m/s
360.0 deg
15.0 m/s
360.0 deg
99.9 7,
103.9 deg
99.9 %
30.0 C
10.0 C
30.0 C
4.0 m/s
540.0 deg
103.9 deg
1.50 ly/min
0.65 ly/min
2.497 volts
0.002 volts
59
-------
The propeller anemometer wind component data were corrected by iterative
applications of the cosine response corrections at every 5-minute scan, pro-
vided both horizontal props showed good data. The iterations were terminated
when the wind direction resolved from the corrected components changed less
than one degree from one iteration to the next.
Data quality flags have been appended to the 150-m tower 5-minute
values as follows:
blank - good data
"C" - instrument may have been in calibration mode
"0" - over maximum range limit
"U" - under minimum range limit
"P" - potentiometer failure, cup & vane
"F" - instrument failure
"M" - missing data
"B" - bad value
"N" - no response from INTEL microprocessor
5.3 150-M TOWER DATA TAPE FILES
Data are contained in files 25 to 56 on tape number 007654. Inspection
of table 25, the tape file index for the 150-m tower, reveals how the data are
grouped by tower level, type of measure and averaging time of 5-minutes or
1-hour. Instruments started recording one hour before the start of each
experiment and ended one hour after the end. Each file has a record of
measures for all experiments, from beginning to end of the FSPS.
5.3.1 150-m Tower Tape File Records
Header records occupy the first 7 records, which include 2-blank
60
-------
records. Data records that follow are at 5-minute or 1-hour intervals, and
can contain from 10 to 2 data fields and appended quality control flags.
Data records have data fields arranged as shown in table 29.
TABLE 29. 150-M TOWER DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 4
5 to 6
7 to 8
9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 14
16 to 23
24
25 to 32
33
Contents
Year
Month
Day
Hour (PDT)
Minute
Second
Data
QA-Flag
Data
QA-Flag
Format
14
12
12
12
12
12
F8.3
Al
F8.3
F8.3
97 to 104 Data F8.3
105 QA-Flag Al
Table 30 is a sample printout of the first block, 40 records from file
number 26, data from the 10-m level to illustrate how the data are available
on the tape.
61
-------
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-------
SECTION 6
FSPS TRACER GAS DATA
6.1 TRACER GAS RELEASE SYSTEM
Two tracer gases,SF6 and CFSBr (Freon 13B1), were employed. SF6 tracer
gas along with and oil-fog vapor was injected into the duct leading from the
Unit's number 3 boiler to the 9l.4-m stack just downstream of the air pre-
heater section. The boiler's forced draft fan maintained a steady flow of air
through the duct regardless of generating load, and the plume downwash at the
top of the stack occurred on the infrequent occassions when the wind at that
level exceeded 6 m/s. There were apparent periods of building induced down-
wash with strong winds during a few experiments, but most times the tracer
and oil-fog plume was lofted to some height above the stack-top. Thus, the
height of SF6 tracer released had to be determined by detection for the
oil-fog plume with lidar beam transects. Hourly heights and emission rates
(Q) are presented in table 31. Hours of undetected oil-fog plume are indi-
by a dash, '-'.
The second tracer gas, CF3Br, was released from the 150—m tower at one
of three levels, 100.0, 125.0 and 140.0 m above the ground. The tracer was
injected into the side of a Climatronics aspirated temperature shield with
the fan motor mounted backwards so that the air was blown out the nozzle
extension of the aspirator. The intent of this system was to dilute the
heavy tracer with a relatively large volume of air, both to alleviate prob-
lems of negative bouyancy and to force the tracer away from the tower's
elevated samplers at 43.7, 104.8 and 145 m above the ground. This system
63
-------
seems to have worked since only 8 of 128 hours of tracer concentration data
have had abnormally high CF3Br readings on tower samplers.
TABLE 31. TRACER RELEASE DATA
Exp
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Hour
-End
0400
0500
0600
0700
0400
0500
0600
0700
2100
2200
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
2100
2200
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
2100
2200
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
SF6
Q
g/s
1.41
1.41
1.44
1.44
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.42
1.42
1.41
1.38
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.38
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.27
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.28
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.28
Height
m
186.0
186.0
184.0
184.0
155.0
134.0 -
148.0
163.0
_
-
-
-
213.0
213.0
212.0
164.0
148.0
186.0
_
-
-
134.0
134.0
-
-
164.0
164.0
166.0
169.0
-
138.0
-
-
158.0
161.0
171.0
167.0
171.0
CF3BR
Q Height
g/s m
5.86 100.0
5.46
5.40
5.47
5.80
5.81
5.84
5.61
5.51
5.51
5.46
5.44
5.40
5.43
5.48
5.38
5.00
4.32
2.81
2.79
2.73
2.79
2.64
2.66
2.65
2.67
2.68
2.69
5.37 140.0 m
5.05
4.96
4.97
4.98
4.99
5.12
5.17
5.25
5.24
64
(Continued)
-------
TABLE 31. TRACER RELEASE DATA (Continued)
Exp
No.
6
7
8
9
Hour Q
End g/s
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
2300
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
Height
m
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.23
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.26
1.27
1.27
1.25
1.28
1.28
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.26
1.28
1.28
1.27
1.27
120.0
106.0
113.0
91.0
91.0
91.0
110.0
116.0
152.0
138.0
125.0
125.0
149.0
152.0
140.0
167.0
132.0
145.0
163.0
153.0
„
123.0
123.0
159.0
132.0
135.0
164.0
163.0
158.0
-
180.0
180.0
129.0
130.0
116.0
125.0
139.0
174.0
155.0
152.0
Q Height
g/s m
4.52 100 m
4.51
4.42
4.51
4.53
4.52
4.55
4.56
4.48
4.44
4.91
4.92
4.94
5.07
4.98
5.03
5.05
5.06
5.08
4.98
4.95 125 m
4.95
5.00
5.00
4.98
4.99
5.15
4.91
5.10
4.94
5.11 100 m
5.11
5.10
5.21
5.22
5.09
5.16
5.03
5.25
5.17
65
(Continued)
-------
TABLE 31. TRACER RELEASE DATA (Continued)
Exp
No.
10
11
12
13
Hour
End
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
2400
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
Q
g/s
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.28
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.28
1.29
1.29
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.29
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.29
1.28
1.29
Height
m
182.0
182.0
285.0
285.0
-
175.0
-
168.0
168.0
—
133.0
133.0
139.0
229.0
229.0
172.0
172.0
198.0
226.0
—
263.0
263.0
-
261.0
261.0
252.0
237.0
-
-
—
198.0
198.0
182.0
229.0
230.0
244.0
208.0
206.0
211.0
-
Q Height
g/s m
5.08 100 m
5.02
5.11
5.09
' 5.07
5.04
5.11
5.04
5.07
5.06
5.19
5.22
5.31
5.27
5.21
5.24
5.13
5.13
5.11
5.08
3.74
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.67
3.85
3.75
3.82
3.76
3.78
3.90
3.85
3.86
3.93
3.88
3.90
3.89
3.91
3.90
3.84
66
(Continued)
-------
TABLE 31. TRACER RELEASE DATA (Continued)
Exp
No.
Hour
End
Q
g/s
Height
"m
Q
g/s
Height
m
14
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1.24
1.23
1.23
1.24
1.23
1.24
1.24
1.20
1.26
1.26
161.0
196.0
184.0
186.0
188.0
188.0
195.0
195.0
82
78
85
83
79
83
87
87
83
100 m
3.82
67
-------
6.1.1 Tracer Sampling
Tracer concentrations were sampled at 110 sites, including the three
elevated samplers on the 150-m tower and the one at its base, by modified
ASQ-III bag samplers used at tracer studies number 1, CCB, and number 2, HBR.
All samplers operated in the 1-hour mode and filled 2-liter Tedlar bags with
an inlet height about 0.5 m above the local ground surface. Figure 5 shows
the deployment of the FSPS tracer gas sampling sites.
6.1.2 Tracer Analysis
Chrotnatographic analysis for SF6 and CF3Br collected in the Tedlar
bags was done by ARLFRD in their laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho, using
the same procedures employed in the first two tracer studies. Boxes of sampler
bags were shipped to Idaho Falls, and analysis was generally completed within
48 hours of the end of each experiment.
Tracer concentrations were produced as normalized values, Chi/0 (ns/m3),
rather than Chi (ppt) as was the procedure in the preliminary FSPS.
68
-------
69
-------
6.2 TRACER GAS DATA TAPE FILES
Tracer concentration data are contained on the FSPS data base tape on
files 57 to 84. Files 57 to 70 are hourly concentrations of SF6 for experi-
ments 1 to 14, one file per experiment, and files 71 to 84 have hourly concen-
trations for CF3Br tracer for experiments 1 to 14. Each record in the tracer
gas data tape files, besides the hourly concentration, lists the sampler
identification, date and time of observation, a data quality flag, and the X
and Y coordinates of the sampler and the elevation with the base of the
Tracy stack as origin and datum. Time of observation refers to the hour
ending the 1-hour sampling period.
Data quality flags are as follows:
G - good data
0 - sampler off in time by more than 10 minutes
S - security seals broken
L - low bags
T - bag sampling time of 10-minute interval rather than 60 minutes
C - clock erratic
D - bad value as determined by the QA officer
6.2.1 Tracer Gas Data Tape File Records
Six alphabetic header records precede the data records. The first
five identify the file and experiment and the sixth provides column headings.
Each data record has the detected tracer concentration for a single sampler
for one hour along with the coordinates and elevation of the sampler. Table
32 illustrates the arrangement of data fields in files 57 to 84.
70
-------
TABLE 32. TRACER CONCENTRATION RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 to 10
11 to 14
15 to. 17
18 to 23
29 to 35
36 to 38
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 to 74
Contents
Sampler ID
Gas
Year
Julian day
Hour ending, PDT
Seconds
Concentration, Chi/Q (ns/m3)
Data flag
X-coordinate, m
Y-coordinate, m
Z-elevation, m
Format
13
A3
14
14
13
16
F7.0
A3
F10.3
F10.3
F10.3
Table 33 is a sample printout of file 57, the first file
of SF6 concentrations from experiment number 1.
71
-------
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72
-------
SECTION 7
FSPS 10H4 TOWER DATA
7.1 10-M TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Four 10-m towers were installed in the terrain surrounding the Tracy
stack, figure 4. Tower 1 was located on a hill top to the northwest of the
stack, tower 2 on Beacon Hill, tower 3 at the foot of Target Mountain, and
tower 4 at the head of Target Mountain Draw. Table 34 shows the instrumenta-
tion and measures observed on the 10-m towers. Measures are defined as the
same as those on the 150-m tower, table 26, with the addition of SDT, standard
deviation of temperature, and SDD, standard deviation of temperature change.
Measures are averaged at 5-tninute intervals for towers 1, 2, and 3, but at
2-minute intervals at tower 4.
73
-------
TABLE 34. 10-M TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASURES
Site Instrumentation Direct Derived
Measure Measure
Tower 1 (Tower base = 1512 m)
Level 1 cup-and-vane DCS.SDS DCS,SDR,SDT
(10-m) RTD T
Tower 2 (Tower base = 1598 m)
Level 1 cup-and-vane SCS.SDS DCS,SDR,SDT
(10-m) RTD T
Tower 3 (Tower base = 1401 m)
Level 1 cup-and-vane DCS,SDS DCS,SDR,SDT
(10-m) RDT T
Tower 4 (Tower base = 1451 m)
Level 1 cup-and-vane DCS.SDS SDD
(1-m) RDT TD
Level 2 cup-and-vane DCS,SDS
(10-m) RDT T
7.2 10-M TOWER METEOROLOGICAL DATA TAPE FILES
Data are stored in files 85 to 92 on the FSPS data base magnetic tape.
Files 85 to 87 have 5-minute values from towers 1, 2 and 3; files 88 to 90
have 1-hour averages from tower 1, 2 and 3. File 91 has 2-minute averages
from tower 4, and file 92 holds 1-hour averages from tower 4.
7.2.1 10-m Tower Tape File Records
Six alphabetic header records precede the data records to identify the
date and time and to place column headings. Table 33 indicates the arrangement
of data fields in the data records for files 85 to 92.
74
-------
TABLE 35. 10-M TOWER DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1
3
5
7
9
11
15
22
24
31
33
40
42
49
51
58
60
67
to 2
to 4
to 6
to 8
to 10
to 12
to 21
to 30
to 39
to 48
to 57
to 66
"Contents
Year
Month
Day
Hour, PDT
Minute
Second
SCS, Scalar avg. speed - cups, m/s
Flag
DCS, Scalar avg. dir - vane, deg
Flag
T, temperature, C
Flag
SDS, Standard dev. speed - cups, m/s .3
Flag
SDR, Standard dev. dir - vane, deg
Flag
SDT, standard deviation of T, C
Flag
Format
12
12
12
12
12
12
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
Table 36 is a sample printout of file 85, data from tower 1.
75
-------
TABLE 36, FILE NUMBER 85; 10-M TOWER DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY POWER PLANT, NEVADA
AUGUST 6-27,
10-M TOWER l;
YYMMDDHHMMSS
84 8
64 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
34 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
P4 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
64 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
84 8
TO/JER
6350
6 310 0
6 315 0
6 320 0
6 325 0
6 330 0
6 335 0
6 340 0
6 345 0
6 350 0
6 355 0
6400
6450
6 410 0
6 415 0
6 420 0
6 425 0
6 430 0
6 435 0
6 440 0
6 445 0
6 450 0
6 455.0
6500
6550
6 510 0
6 515 0
6 520 0
6 525 0
6 530 0
6 535 0
6 540 0
6 545 0
6 550 0
1984
5-MIN VALUES
SCS DCS
10 M 10 M
1 1
99.90011 999.000(1
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.90CM 999.00CM
99.900M 999.00CM
99.900(1 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.90CM 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.90CM 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.0CCM
99.900M 999.000M
99.900(1 999.DOOM
99.90CM 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.COOM
99.900(1 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900T1 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.00CM
99.900M 999.COOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
99.900M 999.DOOM
T
10
1
99.
(1
900(1
99.900(1
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
900M
900M
900M
900M
90011
900M
900(1
900M
900(1
900(1
900(1
900(1
900(1
9CCM
99.900M
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
900M
900M
900M
900M
900M
900(1
900M
900M
900(1
900(1
900(1
900M
900M
900(1
900M
99.900(1
99.900(1
SOS
10 M
1
99.
99.
99.
990M
990M
990M
99.990(1
99.
99.
990(1
990M
99.990M
99.990M
99.
99.
99.
99.
990(1
990M
990(1
990M
99.990M
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
99.
990M
990M
990M
990M
990M
990M
990M
990(1
990(1
99S(1
990(1
990M
990M
990(1
990M
990M
990M
990M
990M
990(1
990(1
SDR SDT
10 11 10 M
1
999.
999.
900M
900(1
999.900M '
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
900(1
900(1
900(1
900M
900M
900M
900M
900M
900M
900M
90 OH
900M
900M
900M
900M
900M
900(1
900M
900(1
900(1
999.900M
999.
999.
900(1
900(1
999.900(1
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
900M
90CM
900(1
900(1
900M
900(1
900M
1
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
990(1
990M
990(1
990(1
990(1
990H
990(1
9.990M
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
990M
990(1
990M
990(1
990(1
990M
990(1
990(1
990(1
990(1
9.990M
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
99CM
990(1
990(1
990(1
990M
990(1
9.990M
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
990M
990(1
990(1
990(1
990(1
990M
9.990M
9.
990(1
76
-------
SECTION 8
FSPS 150-M TOWER SONIC ANEMOMETER DATA
8.1 SONIC ANEMOMETER SYSTEM
Sonic anemometer systems, comprising U,V,W components and very fast
temperature (T) response platinum wire thermistors, were installed by WPL and
ERT at the 10, 100, and 150 m levels on the 150-m tower. These instruments
were sampled 20 times per second. Vector resultant wind speeds (WS) and
directions (WD) and alongwind, crosswind, and vertical turbulence intensities
(SU,SV,SW), were calculated for 5-minute and 1-hour averaging periods. Addi-
tional flow parameters, including correlation of prop speed (U) and W-com-
ponent (UW), corrrelation between V—component and W—component (VW), vertical
temperature flux (WT), and standard deviation of fast temperature response
(ST), were calculated as well. WPL was responsible for collection and archi-
val of all sonic data. Formulae used to compute UW, W and WT are as follows;
Correlation between prop speed and W—component
UW = - [E(w SQRT(u2+v2)) E SQRT(u2+v2Kw]
N N
Correlation between V-component and W—component
1 1
W = - (Zvw - - EwEtv)
N N
Vertical Temperature flux
1 1
WT = - (Ewt EwEt)
N N
77
-------
Standard Deviation of T
ST = SQRT [- (£T2
N N
8.2 SONIC ANEMOMETER DATA TAPE FILES
Data recorded on the sonic anemometer system are contained on the FSPS
magnetic tape data base on files number 93 to 98. Files 93 to 95 hold 5-rainute
averages, and files 96 to 98 have 1-hour averages. Each file has data from
one of the three levels on the 150-m tower. Ten parameters, WS,WD,U,V,W,SU,
SV,SW,ST,UW, are listed in order for all observations, followed by three
parameters, VW, WT and T.
8.2.1 Sonic Anemometer Tape File Records
Eight header records precede the data records to identify the files and
present column headings. Six alphabetic header records serve to separate and
introduce data records of the following last three parameters, VW, WT and T.
Table 37 shows the arrangement of data fields in the data records for files
93 to 98.
78
-------
TABLE 37. SONIC DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 to 8
9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 17
20 to 26
29 to 35
38 to 44
47 to 53
56 to 62
65 to 71
74 to 80
89 to 98
101 to 107
Contents
Year
Month
Day
Hour, PDT
Minute
Seconds
Time of running, Min.sec
WS, Vector resultant spd. , m/s
or
VW, Correlation of V&W, (m/s)2
WD, Vector resultant dir. , deg
or
WT, Vertical temperature flux. , m/s C
U, Westerly wind component, m/s
or
T, Fast response temperature, C
V, Southerly wind component, m/s
W, Vertical wind component, m/s
SU, Alongwind measure of turbulence, %
SV, Crosswind measure of turbulence, %
SW, Vertical measure of turbulence, %
UW, Correlation between U&W, (m/s)2
Fo rmat
12
12
12
12
12
12
F5.1
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
F7.3
Table 38 is a sample printout of file 93, sonic data from the 10-m
level from the 150-m tower, 5-minute averages.
79
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
SECTION 9
FSPS DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER DATA
9.1 DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER SYSTEMS
WPL installed two doppler acoustic sounding systems that provided data
for the FSPS data base. One system was a few hundred yards west of the Tracy
stack, and the other was located at the east end of the valley near the Eagle
Pitcher Industries, Inc. plant. Profiles of wind speed and direction were
taken at 25 m levels from 50 m to 400 m above the ground. Each sounder was
mini-computer based with digital output of 20-minute profiles.
9.2 DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER DATA TAPE FILES
Data are stored in files 99 and 100 on the FSPS data base tape. File 99
hold data from the Tracy stack sounder and file 100 refers to data from the
Eagle Pitcher sounder. Each file has wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD)
listed in three groups of five 25 m levels from 50 m to 400 m. Quality
flags are appended to each data field as;
blank - good data
B - bad value
M - missing data
F - instrument failure
9.2.1 Doppler Acoustic Tape File Records
Eight alphabetic header records precede each set of data records to
81
-------
identify the date and time and to place column headings. The appearance of
alphabetic header records separate the three groups of data levels. Table 39
indicates the arrangement of data fields in the data records for files 99 and
100.
82
-------
TABLE 39. DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1 to 2
3 to 4
-5 to 6
7 to 8
9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 15
18 to 24
25
27 to 33
34
36 to 42
43
45 to 52
53
54 to 60
61
63 to 69
70
72 to 78
79
Contents
Year
Month
Day
Hour, PDT
Minute
Second
Time of profile, minutes
Wind speed, m/s; 50, 175, 300 m
Flag
Wind direction, deg; 50, 175, 300 m
Flag
Wind speed, m/s; 75, 200, 325 m
Flag
Wind direction, deg; 75, 200, 325 m
Flag
Wind speed, m/s; 100, 225, 350 m
Flag
Wind direction, deg; 100, 225, 350 m
Flag
Wind speed, m/s; 125, 250, 375 m
Flag
Format
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
83
(Continued)
-------
TABLE 39. DOPPLER ACOUSTIC SOUNDER RECORDS FORMAT (Continued)
Position
81 to 87
88
90 to 96
97
99 to 105
106
Contents
Wind direction, deg; 125, 250, 375 m
Flag
Wind speed, m/s; 150, 275, 400 m
Flag
Wind direction, deg; 150, 275, 400 m
Flag
Format
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
F7.3
Al
Table 40 is a sample printout of file 99, data from the doppler acoustic
sounder at the Tracy stack.
84
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
SECTION 10
RADAR WIND DATA
10.1 RADAR WIND SYSTEMS
ARLFRD operated two radar-tracked balloon (RABAL) systems north, site
R-4, and west, site R-2, of the Tracy stack. Wind profiles were obtained up
to 2,000 meters altitude. The radars used were Western Electric model M33
automatic tracking radars with 30 gram pilot balloons and foil targets.
RABAL information consisted of 15 minute data collection periods with collec-
tion points acquired every 10 seconds, scheduled at 30-minute intervals
throughout the 14 experiments.
10.2 RADAR WIND DATA TAPE FILES
Data are stored on files 101 to 113 for site R-2, and files 114 to 125
for site R-4. Each file holds data from one experiment. Experiment 7 is
missing from site R-2, and experiments 1 and 2 are missing at site R-4. Each
file presents values of wind speed and direction and altitude at 10-second
intervals. Quality flags are appended next to data fields as;
blank - good data
B - bad point
M - missing data
F - error on adjacent point
R - estimated ascent rate, range error
86
-------
10.2.1 Radar Wind Tape File Records
Four alphabetic header records precede the data records. Table 41
indicates the arrangement of data fields in the data records for files 101 to
125.
TABLE 41. RADAR WIND DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
17
25
34
41
43
50
to 2
to 4
to 6
to 8
to 10
to 12
to 16
to 23
to 31
to 40
to 49
Contents
Year
Month
Day
Hour, PDT
Minute
Second
Observation number
Minutes elapsed
Height above stack base, m
Wind speed, ra/s
Flag
Wind direction, deg
Flag
Format
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
F7.
F7.
F7.
Al
F7.
Al
3
1
3
3
Table 42 is a sample printout from the first file of RABAL data, file
number 101.
87
-------
TABLE 42. FILE NUMBER 101:
RADAR WIND DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY POWER PLANT, NEVADA
AUGUST 6 - 27, 1984
EXP * 1 RADAR WINDS - RABAL »2
YYttMDDHHMMSS 03 MIN HT(M)
84 8 6 32945 1 .167 76.3
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
64
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
8
8
8
8
P
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
32945
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
.333
.500
.667
.833
.000
.167
.333
.500
.667
.833
.000
.167
.333
.500
.667
.833
.000
.167
.333
.500
.667
.833
.000
.167
.333
.500
.667
.833
.000
.167
.333
.500
.667
5.833
6
.000
110.3
141.9
176.4
204.1
231.4
237.4
282.3
311.6
339.5
369.8
407.2
436.7
473.5
496.8
521.9
546.7
569.5
594.8
620.4
647.8
678.6
708.5
737.2
769.5
803.8
837.1
868.6
896.6
934.5
960.8
995.7
1035.3
1074.7
1107.0
1143.8
MS
.000
Z.
Z.
1.
1.
.
,
1.
467
215
740
328
935
920
205
1.448
1.
1.
Z.
Z.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
652
860
222
701
173
615
984
182
299
384
375
310
201
992
3.688
3.370
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2-
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
984
599
383
284
244
479
931
637
584
597
517
WD
.000
267.700
260
261
.100
.600
266.700
287
327
347
352
350
.400
.900
.500
.100
.900
345.000
336
329
326
325
325
325
326
324
.600
.900
.300
.300
.400
.700
.000
.700
322.400,
319
316
313
310
308
303
297
290
282
271
260
249
240
234
232
230
.900
.700
.400
.800
.100
.500
.400
.400
.600
.800
.200
.900
.400
.700
.100
.700
88
-------
SECTION 11
FSPS TETHERSONDE DATA
11.1 FSPS TETHERSONDE SYSTEMS
Two tethersondes manufactured by A.I.R., Inc. were flown during the
FSPS experiments, one operated by ARLFRD about 0.8m 50 west of the Tracy stack
and one operated by WPL next to the 150-m tower. ARLFRD elected to delete the
tethersonde data from the FSPS tape archive when data quality proved unreli-
able, so only WPL's data are available.
Tethersondes were flown to give wind and temperature profiles near the
150-m tower to complement both the tower's values and the doppler acoustic
sounder's data recorded nearby. Parameters recorded include, date, time, bal-
loon elevation, pressure, temperature, relative humidity, mixing ratio, wind
speed and wind direction and potential temperature. Relative humidity and
mixing ratios were calculated from wet bulb measures. Tethersonde operations
were coincident with tracer releases for each experiment, and were taken at a
frequency intended to define variability in the atmospheric structure during
the experiment. Table 43 lists the parameter specifications of the instru-
ments employed.
89
-------
TABLE 43. A.I.R.-3A TETHERSONDE SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter Range and Accuracy
Temperature +50 C to -80 C +- 0.2 C
Wet/Dry Bulb Match +35 C to 20 C +-0.1 C
Pressure 1050 to 600 mb +- 1.0 mb
Wind speed 0 to 20 m/s +-0.2 m/s
Wind direction 0 to 360 deg +-5 deg
11.2 TETHERSONDE DATA TAPE FILES
WPL tethersonde data are stored on files 126 to 139 on the FSPS magnetic
tape archive. There are 14 files, one file for each experiment. Each data
record represents one level of ascent or descent taken about 1-m intervals of
balloon altitude.
11.2.1 Tethersonde Tape File Records
Five alphabetic header records precede the data records to identify
the experiment and place column headings. Table 44 shows the aggangeraent of
data fields in data records for files 126 to 139.
90
-------
TABLE 44. TETHERSONDE DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
2 to 3
4 to 5
6 to 7
8 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 14
16 to 21
23 to 27
29 to 34
37 to 40
42 to 45
47 to 51
53 to 57
59 to 63
Contents
Month
Day
Year
Hour, PDT
Minute
Second
Barometric pressure, rabs
Altitude, m
Temperature, C
Relative humidity, %
Mixing ratio
Wind direction, deg
Wind speed, m/s
Potential temperature, K
Format
12
12
12
13
12
12
F6.1
F5.1
F6.2
F4.1
F4.1
F5.1
F5.2
F5.1
Table 45 is a sample printout of file 126, the first file of tethersonde
data.
91
-------
TABLE 45. FILE NUMBER 126:
TETHERSONDE DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
FULL SCALE PLUME STUDY - TRACY POWER PLANT, NEVADA
AUGUST 6 - 27, 1984
EXP « 1 TETHERSCKDE DATA - WPL
MODDYY HRMMSS
80634
80684
80634
80684
80684
80634
80664
80634
80634
80684
80684
80684
80634
80684
80634
60684
80684
80634
80634
80684
80684
806?''
8C684
80684
80684
80684
80634
80684
80684
80634
80634
80684
80684
80684
80684
25231
25241
25250
25859
25303
25318
25327
25337
25346
25355
25404
25413
25423
25432
25441
25450
25500
25509
25519
25528
25537
25546
25556
25605
25614
25623
25633
25642
25652
25701
25710
25719
25729
25733
25747
FSES.
(MBS)
871.4
371.4
871.4
871.4
871.4
871.4
&71.4
871.5
871.5
871.4
871.5
671.4
871.4
871.4
371.4
871.4
871.4
871.4
671.4
871.4
871.4
871.4
871.4
871.2
871.1
871.0
870.9
870.8
370.5
870.5
870.2
869.9
869.7
869.5
869.4
ALT
(M)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
0
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
3
8
11
14
16
13
19
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.<;
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
T
(C)
11.56
11.39
10.90
10.44
10.12
9.97
9.62
9.65
9.51
9.41
9.51
9.92
10.23
10.46
10.73
10.59
10.17
10.61
10.23
9.44
9.55
9.87
10.99
11.19
12.81
13.60
13.91
14.05
14.07
14.00
14.28
14.80
15.20
15.50
15.68
RH
(X)
55.7
56.9
60.1
62.9
64.0
64.4
66.1
65.4
65.7
65.9
64.8
61.8
59.9
58.6
56.6
58.3
61.1
57.3
60.3
66.0
63.9
60.7
52.4
51.7
41.2
37.6
37.0
36.9
37.3
38.1
36.5
33.2
31.3
30.3
30.0
M.J-.
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.9
3.3
3.8
KD
(DEG)
115.1
108.1
108.4
113.0
115.4
115.4
116.2
127.2
144.6
139.7
148.0
153.9
155.3
153.3
149.5
138.1
101.5
31.3
63.3
59.4
53.1
63.9
68.6
76.6
71.5
65.8
56.3
48.2
43.0
37.9
29.5
17.0
1.6
357.8
352.3
MS
P.T.
(M/S) (K
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
.78
.59
.49
.37
.51
.28
.25
.19
.14
.05
.07
.07
.07
.05
.06
.02
.08
.47
.67
.09
.05
.90
.32
.76
.58
.33
.39
.49
.57
.65
.81
.17
.29
.94
.31
296.1
296.0
295.5
295.0
294.6
294.5
294.1
294.1
294.0
293.9
294.0
294.4
294.8
295.0
295.3
295.1
294.7
295.2
294.8
293.9
294.1
294.4
295.5
295.8
297.5
298.3
293.6
298.8
293.3
293.8
299.1
299.7
300.1
300.4
300.6
92
-------
SECTION 12
FSPS ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATION DATA
12.1 ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATIONS
Two electronic weather stations were installed on the north slope of
Target Mountain facing the Truckee River Valley. These locations differed
from sites in the preliminary FSPS where the electronic weather stations were
positioned in Target Mountain draw, on the west slope. The upper station is
at 1399 m msl and the lower at 1326 m. Wind and temperature measures are
taken on a 1.5-m mast, and averaged at 1-hour intervals.
12.2 ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATIONS DATA TAPE FILE
Data from the electronic weather stations are stored on file 140, the
last file in the FSPS tape archive. Hourly data from both stations are stored
side by side beginning on August 9, experiment 3, to the end of FSPS,
August 27, 1984.
12.2.1 Electronic Weather Station Data Tape File
Eight header records begin each day's data to identify the date and
time and to head the following data records. Table 46 identifies the data
fields in the data records.
93
-------
TABLE 46. ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATIONS DATA RECORDS FORMAT
Position
9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 14
17 to 18
20 to 21
26 to 29
35 to 38
44 to 47
58 to 61
67 to 70
76 to 79
Contents
Month
Day
Year
Hour, PST
Minute
Upper station, Wind direction, deg
Wind speed, m/s
Temperature, C
Lower station, Wind direction, deg
Wind speed, ra/s
Temperature, C
Format
12
12
12
12
12
F4.0
F4.1
F4.1
F4.0
F4.1
F4.1
Table 47 is a sample printout of file 140.
94
-------
TABLE 47, FILE NUMBER 140:
ELECTRONIC WEATHER STATION DATA
SAMPLE PRINTOUT
EPA COMPLEX TERRAIN EXPERIMENT
AUGUST 9TH THROUGH 27TH, 1984
MODYYR
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80984
80934
80984
80984
30934
80984
80984
80934
80984
80934
80984
SO 984
80984
80984
HOUR
ENDS.
(PST)
1 = 00
2 = 00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
e:oo
9:00
10:00
11 = 00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
24:00
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
216.
216.
216.
234.
207.
245.
207.
243.
252.
225.
201.
201.
201.
213.
225.
285.
I IDDTD
HIND
SPEED
(MPS)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
.4
.4
.4
1.3
1.8
1.3
2.7
.9
.9
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.7
2.7
1.3
.9
EPA
TEMP.
(DEG C)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
25.0
28.9
32.2
34.4
35.6
35.0
33.3
35.6
35.6
33.3
32.8
31.7
30.0
29.4
28.3
27.8
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
999.
234.
270.
297.
297.
268.
288.
288. '
360.
252.
288.
279.
279.
279.
279.
288.
216.
I nLJFD — — -
WIND
SPEED
(MPS)
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
.4
.4
.9
.9
1.8
1.8
4.0
1.3
.9
1.8
3.1
2.7
3.6
3.1
1.8
.9
TEMP.
(DEG C
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
25.6
29.4
32.8
35.0
35.6
35.6
33.3
35.6
36.7
33.3
32.8
31.7
30.6
29.4
27.8
26.7
COMPLEX TERRAIN EXPERIMENT
AUGUST 9TH THROUGH 27TH, 1984
MCDYYR
HOUR
EHDG.
(PST)
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
1 1DDPD
HIND
SPEED
(MPS)
TEMP.
(DEG C)
WIND
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
1 nLJFD
WIND
SPEED
(MPS)
TEMP.
(DEG C
95
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SECTION 13
SUMMARY
13.1 FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX
Table 48 is a listing of file numbers in the FSPS data base tape
007654, with identification of contents. Anyone intending to use the data
base can inspect table 48 and determine what data are available and the
particular files that hold the data on the FSPS tape.
i
TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX
File number Contents
Preliminary FSPS, Nov. 7 - 19, 1983
Files 1 - 14
1 150-m tower meteorological data
2 Sampler locations
3 SF6 tracer concentrations, week 1
4 SF6 tracer concentrations, week 2
5 Minisonde data, TDSC, week 1
6 Minisonde data, TSDR, week 1
7 Minisonde data, TDSC, week 2
8 Minisonde data, TSDR, week 2
9 10-m tower meteorological data
10 Optical crosswind anemometer data
11 Electronic Weather station data
12 Doppler acoustic sounder data
13 Tethersonde data - WPL
14 Tethersonde data - ARLFRD
(Continued)
96
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TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX (Continued)
File number Contents
150-m tower climatological data, 1-hour avg.
files 15 to 24
15 October 14 - 31, 1983
16 Nov.
17 Dec.
18 January, 1984
19 Feb.
20 Mar.
21 Apr.
22 May
23 Jun.
24 July 1 -10, 1984
FSPS, August 6 -27, 1984; files 25 - 140
150-m tower meteorological data, 5-rain avg.
files 25 to 40
25 1-m level
26 10-m
27 lO^n
28 10-m
29 50-m
30 50-m
31 75-m
32 75-m
33 100-m
34 100-m
35 100-m
36 125-Tn
37 125-m
38 150-m
39 150-m
40 150-m
97
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TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX (Continued)
File number
Contents
150-m tower, 1-hour averages
files 41 to 56
1-m level
10-m
10-m
10-m "
50-m
50-m "
75-m
75-m
100-m
100-m
100-m
125-m
125-m "
150-m
150-m
150-m "
SF6 Tracer concentration data, 1-hour avg
files 57 to 70
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Exp
, 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
98
(Continued)
-------
TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX (Continued)
File number Contents
CF3Br Tracer concentration data, 1-hour avg.
files 71 to 84
71 Exp. 1
72 2
73 3
74 4
75 5
76 6
77 7
78 8
79 9
80 10
81 11
82 12
83 13
84 14
10-m towers 1, 2 & 3 data, 5-min avg.
files 85 to 87
85 Tower 1
86 2
87 3
10-m towers 1, 2 & 3 data, 1-hour avg.
files 88 to 90
88 Tower 1
89 2
90 3
10-m tower 4, 2-minute & 1-hour avg.
files 91 to 92
91 Tower 4, 2-minute avg.
92 " 1-hour avg.
150-m tower sonic anemorater data, 5-min avg.
files 93 to 95
93 10-m level
94 100-m
95 150-m
(Continued)
99
-------
TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX (Continued)
File number Contents
150-m tower sonic anemometer data, 1-hr avg.
files 96 to 98
96 10-m level
97 100-m
98 150-m
Doppler acoustic sounder data, 10-min avg.
files 99 to 100
99 Tracy stack site
100 Eagle Pitcher site
Radar wind data, Site R-2
files 101 to 113
101 Exp. 1
102 2
103 . 3
104 4
105. 5
106 6
107 8
108 9
109 10
110 11
111 12
112 13
113 14
(Continued)
100
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TABLE 48. FSPS DATA BASE TAPE INDEX (Continued)
File number Contents
Radar wind data, site R-4
files 114 to 125
114 Exp. 3
115 4
116 5
117 6
118 7
119 8
120 9
121 10
122 11
123 12
124 13
125 14
WPL tethersonde data, 150-m tower site
files 126 to 139
126 Exp. 1
127 2
128 3
129 4
130 5
131 6
132 7
133 8
134 9
135 10
136 11
137 12
138 13
139 14
Electronic weather stations data, 1-hour avg.
file 140
140 Exp. 1 to 14
101
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13.2 LIDAR DATA
WPL operated a lidar system in the Truckee- River Valley about 2.2 km
east-southeast of the Tracy stack. The lidar was a yttrium-aluminum garnet
(YAG) crystal doped with neodymiura. It made vertical transects of the oil-fog
and SF6 plume at five azimuths ranging from near the stack to the target areas
to the east when the flow was from the west. When the plume blew towards the
west, it was hidden from the lidar by terrain after a few kilometers, and when
the plume blew towards the high terrain to the northwest, the lidar sections
were almost along the axis of the smoke. A series of transects was made approx-
imately every 5 minutes, the data being recorded on 9-track tape for later
processing. From these data WPL has produced a magnetic tape archive of 2-D
oil-fog plume cross-sections and plume statistics for the individual scans.
This lidar data base is available in the same manner as the FSPS data base.
13.3 CONCLUSION
The lidar found the height of the SF6/oil-fog plume from the Tracy stack
was often greater than the 150-ra tower, and because the flow in the Truckee
Valley was sheared at these elevations in very stable conditions, meteorological
data relevant to the plume will have to be derived for many periods from meas-
urements made by the WPL tethersonde, doppler acoustic sounding system and the
radar wind systems. In particular, the WPL tethersonde and doppler sounder
located near the 150-m tower can provide good estimates of wind speed and
direction. Radar data extended the vertical range of wind observations well
above plume height on a quasi-instantaneous basis and will be most useful for
102
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evaluation of spatial variability within the valley. These considerations
imply that the development of a special Modeler's Data Archive for FSPS will be
more complex than those for CCB and HER. When a Modeler's Data Archive is
completed, the tape files will be appended to the FSPS data base.
The audit of the meteorological tower systems indicated that the quality
of data from those instruments is excellent and no major noise problems have
been discovered. The principal effort in the refinement of these data was the
correction of the averaged speeds and directions from the UVW propellers for
noncosine response.
All things considered, the FSPS at Tracy Power Plant developed a valuable
data base of meteorological and tracer measurements under realistic operating
conditions at an active power generating site. The plumes observed and the
resulting tracer concentrations detected on surrounding terrain should present
valuable data for testing or modifying Complex Terrain Dispersion Models.
103
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REFERENCES
1. Hovind, E. L. , M. W. Edelstein, and V. C. Sutherland, 1979. Workshop on
Atmospheric Dispersion Models in Complex Terrain. EPA-600/9-79-041, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
195 pp.
2. Truppi L. E. and G. C. Holzworth, 1983. EPA Complex Terrain Model Develop-
ment: Description of a Computer Data Base from Small Hill Impaction Study
#1, Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho. EPA-600/3-84-08, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 98 pp.
3. Lavery, T. F., A. Bass, D. G. Strimaitis, A. Venkatram, B. R. Greene, P.
J. Drivas.and B. A. Egan, 1981. EPA Complex Terrain Model Development:
First Milestone Report - 1981. EPA-600/3-82-036, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 304 pp.
4. Strimaitis, D. G., A. Venkatram, B. R. Greene, S. R. Hanna, S. Heisler, T.
F. Lavery, A. Bass, and B. A. Egan, 1983. EPA Complex Terrain Model Develop-
ment: Second Milestone Report 1982. EPA-600/3-83-015, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 375 pp.
5. Greene, B. R. , and S. Heisler, 1982. Complex Terrain Model Development:
Quality Assurance Report fror Small Hill Impaction Study #1. ERT Document
No. P-B876-350, Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Concord, Mass-
achusetts, 98 pp.
6. Truppi, L. E., 1985. EPA Complex Terrain Model Development: Description of
a Computer Data Base from Small Hill Impaction Study #2, Hogback Ridge, New
Mexico. EPA-600/3-84-038, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, 87 pp.
7. Lavery, T. F., D. G. Strimaitis, A. Venkatram, B. R. Greene, D. C. DiCristo-
faro, and B. A. Egan, 1983. EPA Complex Terrain Model Development: Third
Milestone Report - 1983. EPA-600/3-83-101, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 271 pp.
8. Greene, B. R., 1985. Complex Terrain Model Development: Quality Assurance
Report for Small Hill Impaction Study #2. ERT Document No.P-B876-350,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Concord, Massachusetts, 98 pp.
104
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9. DiCristofaro, D. C., D. G. Strimaitis, B. R. Greene, R. J. Yamartino, A.
Venkatram, D. A. Gooden, T. F. Lavery and B. A. Egan, 1985. EPA Complex
Terrain Model Development: "Fifth Milestone Report - 1985. EPA-600/3-85-069,
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, 277 pp.
10. Strimaitis, D. G. , T. F. Lavery, A. Venkatram, D. C. DiCristofaro, B. R.
Greene and B. A. Egan, 1984. EPA Complex Terrain Model Development:
Fourth Milestone Report 1984. EPA-600/3-84-110, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 319 pp.
11. Kapsha, T. P., 1976. Behavior of S(>2 Plumes from Tracy and Fort Churchill
Generarating Stations under Stable Atmospheric Conditions in the Vicinity of
Complex Terrain, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, 112 pp.
105
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