United States                     Atmospheric Sciences
                 Environmental Protection             Research Laboratory
                 Agency                         Research Triangle Park NC 27711

                 Research and Development            December 1987


&EPA                                      :    •••  •  •   ^  '.-




                 PROJECT  REPORT
                 USER'S GUIDE TO THE CTDM
                 METEOROLOGICAL PREPROCESSOR PROGRAM

-------
           USER'S GUIDE TO THE CTDM
 METEOROLOGICAL PREPROCESSOR  (METPRO) PROGRAM
                      by
                Robert J.  Paine
                   ERT Inc.
696 Virginia Road, Concord, Massachusetts 01742
            Contract Ho.. 68-02-3421

                Project Officer

             Petec L. Finkelstein ~——
             Meteorology Division
   Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
      Office of Research and Development
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
       Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711
   ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711

-------
                               DISCLAIMER
    The information in this document has been funded by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-02-3421
to ERT, Inc.  It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and admini-
strative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA
document.  Mention of trade names or commercial  products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

-------
                                .ABSTRACT

     This user guide presents a review of the structure of the
atmospheric boundary layer and its implications for the design of CTDM
and its meteorological preprocessor,.METPRO.  The CTDM meteorological
preprocessor calculates required meteorological variables that are
derived from conventionally available data.  These required variables
include the Monin-Obukhov length, the surface friction velocity, the
surface roughness length, and the mixed layer height.  The CTDM input
data file "SURFACE" contains these values as delivered by the
meteorological preprocessor.

     CTDM uses the mixed layer height information in unstable
conditions to determine whether a plume is within or above the mixed
layer.  If any modeled plume is within an unstable mixed layer, CTDM
currently does not predict ground-level concentrations for that hour.
In stable conditions, CTDM can supplement meteorological observations
with calculated profiles in the surface layer only.  The surface layer
height information supplied to CTDM from METPRO determines whether the
plume is within this layer.  Therefore, the mixed layer height
supplied by METPRO is a critical input variable to CTDM for both
stable and unstable conditions.

     The remaining variables supplied by METPRO, the Monin-Obukhov
length, surface friction velocity, and surface roughness length, can
be used to parameterize profiles of wind speed, wind direction, and
turbulence within the convective mixed and surface layers and the
stable surface layer.  These, profiles are used by CTDM if plume height
wind and turbulence cannot be computed by interpolation from observed
data.                            .

     The computation of these boundary layer variables by METPRO
requires knowledge of site characteristics such as surface moisture
(Bowen ratio), albedo, and roughness.   These variables, which are used
in energy balance equations in order to determine the surface heat
flux, may be specified in detail, both as a function of wind direction
and of month of the year.
                                    111

-------

-------
                                CONTENTS
Abstract	m
Figures	   vi
Tables	vii
List of Symbols and Abbreviations	viii

1.   Introduction 	    1
     1.1    The Boundary Layer and Implications for CTDM	    1
     1.2    Summary of METPRO Operation 	    7
     1.3    Organization of the Manual	   10
2.   Technical Description	   11
     2.1    Overview of Technical Design	   11
     2.2    Surface Energy Balance	   12
            2.2.1  Unstable Conditions	   12
            2.2.2  Stable Conditions	   18
     2.3    Mixed Layer Height Determination	   19
     2.4    Use of Upwind Fetch to Determine Boundary
            Layer Characteristics	   22
     2.5    Structure of METPRO Code	   23
3.   READ62 Preprocessor	   26
     3.1    Requirement for Upper Air Data	   26
     3.2    Execution of READ62	'	   26
4.   METPRO User Instructions	   32
     4.1    Input Data Requirements 	   32
     4.2    Output Files	   40
     4.3    Determination of Site Characteristics 	   40

References	   50
APPENDIXES

     A.     Tests of METPRO Using Kansas and Minnesota Field Data   53
     B.     Excerpts from "Estimating Convective Boundary Layer
            Parameters for Diffusion Applications"	   62
     C.     READ62 Test Case	   70
     D.     METPRO Test Cases	   SO
     E.     READ62 Code Listings	105
     F.     METPRO Code Listings	112

-------
                                FIGURES
Number                                                            Page
   1      Diurnal evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer
          based upon Wangara data and output from a model
          developed by Yamada and Mel lor	     2

   2      Development of a boundary layer in a fluid as it
          flows over a smooth fixed plate	     3

   3      Idealized model of the atmospheric boundary layer,
          with shaded areas representing turbulent layers. ...     5

   4      Interaction among components of the CTDM meteorological
          preprocessor	     8

   5      Energy balance components for 25 July 1976 with
          cloudless skies at Pitt Meadows, British Columbia
          over a 0.25-m stand of irrigated mixed orchard and rye
          grass	    13

   6      Angular variation of the albedo of various ground
          covers	  .    15

   7      Mixed height computation using the modified Carson
          method	  .    21

   8      A, portion of an upper air data file in TD-6201 format
          obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. ...    28

   9      Example of output file from the READ62 program ....    31

  10      Example of crop moisture maps available weekly from
          the NOAA/USDA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility.  .  .    48

  11      Example of precipitation maps available both weekly
          and monthly from the NOAA/USDA Joint Agricultural
          Weather Facility 	    49

-------
                                 TABLES
Number                                                            Page


   1      METPRO Routines and Their Function 	    24

   2      Contents of TD-6201 File	    27

   3      Contents of Options Input File for READ62	    29

   4      Contents of File "PROFILE"	    33

   5      Contents of File "SURF1"	    34

   6      Specifications for Input Data File "SURF2" 	    35

   7      Contents of File "OPTIONS"	    37

   8      Input Files Required for METPRO Runs 	    39

   9      Contents of File "SURFACE"	    41

  10      Surface Roughness Length, Meters, for Land-Use
          Types and Seasons	    42

  11      Albedo of Natural Ground Covers for Land-Use Types
          and Seasons.	    43

  12      Bowen Ratios for Land-Use Types and Seasons.  .....    45

  13      Bowen Ratios for Land-Use Types and Seasons	    46

  14      Bowen Ratios for Land-Use Types and Seasons	    47

-------
                LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SYMBOL

a,b:         constants used to estimate the surface albedo as a
             function of solar elevation angle

A:           proportionality constant used in convective mixing
             height calculation

b1(b2:       empirical coefficients used to estimate total
             incoming solar radiation as a function of cloud
             cover

B:           constant used in computation of mechanical mixing
             height during the daytime

Br:          Bowen ratio

ci»C2|C3:    empirical coefficients used to estimate
             net radiation as a function of temperature and
             cloud cover

Cp:          specific heat of dry air, J/(kg-deg)

CQU'.         momentum transfer drag coefficient in neutral
             conditions

f:           Coriolis parameter = 1.458E-04»sin(latitude).sec"1

g:           acceleration due. to gravity '9.8 m/sec2

G:    '       soil heat flux, watts/m2

h:           height of the stable surface layer (sometimes used
             interchangeably with z^, the height of the
             convective mixed layer), m

H:           surface heat flux, watts/a2

IQ:          net long-wave radiation from the surface, watts/m2

k:           von Kantian constant

K:           degrees Kelvin

L:           Monin-Obukhov length, m

LE:          latent heat flux, watts/m2

-------
TO:           meters

N:           total cloud cover, tenths

qg:          saturation specific humidity

r:           surface albedo

r' :          surface albedo for the sun directly overhead

R:           total incoming solar radiation, watts /m^

Ri:          Richardson number

RJJ:          net radiation, watts /m2

Rgj          total incoming solar radiation for clear skies,
             watts /m^

s:           rate of change of saturation specific humidity
             with temperature

T:           air temperature, *K

To:          surface air temperature, °K

u:           wind speed, m/sec

uo:          parameter used in the formulation of u* for
             stable conditions

u*:          friction velocity, m/sec

W:           watts

z:           measurement height, m

z^:          height of the convective mixed layer, m

zo:          surface roughness length, m

a, 8':        empirical constants related to the Bowen ratio for
             estimating sensible heat flux

&T&:          empirical constant used in computing 6* in
             stable conditions
y:

X:           latent heat of water vaporization, J/kg

v:           solar elevation angle, deg

-------
Oh'
ft-

o:



°SB:


6:
e*:
e*lfe*2:
height scale parameter used  in i|rm formulation

height scale parameter used  in <|;n formulation

stability correction for wind profile  formulation
in the surface layer

stability correction for temperature gradient
formulation in the surface layer

air density, kg/nr*

measure of the entrainment rate by a growing
convectively mixed layer

Stefan-BoItzmann constant, 5.67E-08
watts/(ra2-deg4)

potential temperature, °K

surface potential temperature, °K

constant potential temperature in the  middle of
the convectively mixed layer

.step change of potential temperature at  the mixed
layer height

potential temperature profile measured by morning
balloon sounding (1200 GMT in the United States)

temperature scale value used in parameterizing the
vertical temperature gradient in the surface layer

estimates of 6* used in 6*
calculation for stable conditions
                      LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AFCRL        Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories

CBL          Convective Boundary Layer

CTDM         Complex Terrain Dispersion Model

EPA          Environmental Protection Agency

GMT          Greenwich Mean Time

METPRO       Meteorological Preprocessor (used for CTOM)

NCOC         National Climatic Data Center

-------
NOAA         National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NWS          National Weather Service

READ62       Preprocessor program that reads TD-6201 upper air
             data format

USDA         United States Department of Agriculture

-------
                                 SECTION 1

                               INTRODUCTION

1.1  The Boundary Layer and Implications for CTDM

     The requirement for use of meteorological information in CTDM is
based upon the current understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer.
A discussion of the design of the meteorological preprocessor, METPRO,
and its linkage with CTDM is accompanied here by a summary of the
features of the boundary layer and how they relate to plume dispersion
calculations.  An excellent overall discussion of the atmospheric
boundary layer is given by Randerson (1984); a short description is
provided below.

     The atmospheric boundary layer lies between the earth's surface and
the geostrophic free atmosphere, in which surface effects upon the flow
are negligible.  The boundary layer can be considered to contain two
distinct layers:  the surface layer near the ground, capped by a mixed
layer.  An example of the temporal evaluation of these layers as measured
in the Wangara, Australia experiment and modeled by Yamada and MeLlor
(1975) is shown in Figure 1.  In this figure, the surface layer is
especially shallow during unstable conditions (generally on the order of
one-tenth the depth of the entire boundary layer).

     The nocturnal "mixed" layer features low turbulence levels and,
often, laminar flow, so the term "mixed" is misleading.  It is used here
to mean the layer, above the surface layer, a usage consistent with the
daytime case.  The surface layer is dominated by the frictional force and
horizontal shear stress near the ground.  The horizontal stress is caused
by the drag of friction-retarded air molecules on faster-moving air
molecules at higher levels (see Figure 2).  The depth of the surface
layer, h, is defined to be the height above the ground through which the
magnitude of the shear stress is approximately constant (varies by no
more than about 10%).  Other properties of the surface layer that are
useful for modeling purposes are

     •    vertical fluxes of heat and momentum that are nearly constant
          with height, and

     •    steady-state and horizontally homogeneous temperature and
          velocity fields.

These assumptions allow the vertical structure of the surface layer to be
parameterized by similarity theory, developed for this purpose by Monin
and Obukhov (1954).

-------
   1800
   1600 —
   1400 —
   1200 —
   1000 —
                                                                              \   —4
                                                                   Mixed layer     \
                                                                 (Low lurbulftnce)     \  —
                                                                                 \
                                                                                 x
       0800   1200   1600   2000   0000   0400   0800   1200   1600   2000   0000   0400   0800


       	Oav 33	»U   •          -Day 34	•4'^—	Day 35-
Figure 1.    Diurnal evolution of  the atmospheric boundary  layer based upon
              Wangara data  and output from a model developed by Yamada and
              Mellor  (1975).

-------
                                                     .L
Figure 2.    Development of a boundary  layer  in a fluid as it flows over a
            smooth fixed plate.  The arrows  represent flow vectors; the
            dashed sloping line  separates  freely flowing fluid from that
            affected by the plate; h is the  depth of the boundary layer;
            and the vertically curved  solid  lines are speed (u) profiles
            (from Sanderson 1984).

-------
     Similarity theory assumes that the vertical fluxes of heat,
momentum, and moisture are approximately constant throughout the surface
layer.  The resulting turbulence of the flow within the surface layer  is
solely determined by the mean temperature, T, the friction velocity, u*
(derived from the vertical momentum flux), and the sensible heat flux,
H.  These parameters are combined into a length scale referred to as the
Monin-Obukhov length, L:
           kgH     •

where p is the air density, cp is the specific heat, and k is the
von Kantian constant.  This length scale is composed of quantities that
are approximately constant throughout the surface layer, and is an
important length scale governing diffusion and profiles of wind,
temperature, and turbulence in the surface layer.  As such, it is a
useful substitute for the discrete stability class value used by air
quality models developed in the past.

     During unstable conditions, the height of the mixed layer, driven
by convection, can be defined as the layer through which the potential
temperature is less than that of the heated layer at the surface, from
which convective 'thermals" or updrafts originate.  The updrafts lose
their buoyancy when their potential temperature becomes colder than
that of the surrounding air of the top of the mixed layer (z|_) .  As
shown in Figure 1, the daytime mixed layer can grow rapidly in
response to a steadily increasing surface heat flux.  During the
afternoon, z^ reaches a maximum and remains relatively constant as
the surface heat flux attains its peak value.

     Near sunset, an abrupt transformation of the atmospheric boundary
layer occurs as the heat flux throughout the entire layer turns
negative rapidly.  The surface layer becomes stably stratified while
the mixed layer above remains relatively unstable, at least
initially.  Another depiction of the structure of the stable boundary
layer is shown in Figure 3 (Halcher and Kraus, 1983; Thorpe and
Guyraer, 1977).  In this model of the boundary layer, the nocturnal
case features a "mixed" layer above the surface layer with
supergeostrophic wind speeds - the well-known low-level nocturnal jet
phenomenon.  This jet develops when the mixed layer becomes decoupled
from the surface layer near sunset and surface friction is then not
effective up to as great a height as during the daytime.  The balance
of forces on the stable mixed layer is then disturbed, and the wind
can accelerate because the pressure force now has a component in the
direction of the wind (which was directed toward lower pressure
because of the friction force during the daytime).  As a result,
supergeostrophic wind speeds can occur above the nocturnal surface
layer in the low- turbulence, laminar flow of the mixed layer.  Of
course, large-scale mechanisms such as the influence of low pressure
areas and warm or cold fronts can dominate and prevent the low- level

-------
 Height
                         Geostrophic Free
                           Atmosphere
Height
                         Convective
                          Boundary
                            Layer
                      » J Wind
                      V Speed
w
V
\
\
/
§^^ .^
\
\
1
/
^
0 Vg V
Geostrophic Free
Atmosphere
(Upper)
' Stable
Mixed
Layer
Stable
^urface
Layer
Wind
Speed
                                                    Night
Figure 3,   Idealized model of the atmospheric boundary  layer,  with shaded
            areas representing turbulent layers.  The heavy  solid lines
            represent ideal wind profiles and the broken lines  represent
            realistic profiles (V. is the geostrophic wind speed).
            (Figure after Thorpe and Guymer 1977, and Malcher and Kraus
            1983.)

-------
jet from appearing.  In general, it is difficult to predict with
certainty the onset and strength of the nocturnal jet.

     The predictability of the structure of the low- turbulence
nocturnal mixed layer is further complicated by the occurrence of
momentum burst phenomena (Schubert, 1977) during conditions that favor
the onset of the nocturnal jet.  A useful parameter for determining
the likelihood of the breakdown of the laminar flow of the nocturnal
mixed layer is the Richardson number:
     Ri -                                                 (2)
             (du/dz)


where
     de/dz is the vertical potential temperature gradient and
     du/dz is the wind speed shear in the vertical.

Large values of Ri (>1) are associated with stable conditions, while
low values (<0.15) are present when mechanical turbulence due to wind
shear overcomes the resistance to turbulent motion presented by a
thermally stable atmosphere.  A review of investigations conducted by
Randerson (1984) into the critical value of Ri for the breakdown of
laminar flow into turbulent motion yields a theoretical value of
0.25.  Observations in wind tunnels and the atmosphere show that the
critical value varies, with turbulence being certain if Ri < 0.15 and
absent for Ri > 0.5.

     During low-level jet periods, the laminar flow in the stable
mixed layer can break down if the speed shear between the turbulent
surface layer and laminar mixed layer aloft results in a Richardson
number favoring the breakdown.  The momentum in the mixed layer is
then transported to the surface in a "burst," resulting in a temporary
absence of the low-level jet.  The Richardson number then, can become
large again, perhaps allowing the laminar flow in the mixed layer to
become re-established.  The low- level jet disappears in the morning
when convective mixing transports momentum away from the jet and
smooths out the vertical momentum distribution.

     It is evident from the summary presented above that while the
nocturnal surface layer, like the daytime surface layer, is reasonably
well-behaved, the nocturnal mixed layer is highly unpredictable, even
in flat terrain (Hanna et al. , 1986).  Therefore, CTDM relies heavily
upon direct measurements of wind, temperature, and turbulence in the
nocturnal mixed layer.  The role of the meteorological preprocessor,
METPRO, is two-fold:

     •    deliver to CTDM observed and/or predicted values of the
          nocturnal surface layer length, h, and the daytime mixed
          layer height, z^;

     •    compute values of u*, L, and the surface roughness length,

-------
          zo, so that CTDM can supplement direct measurements in the
          surface layer with computed profiles of wind, temperature,
          and turbulence.  In addition, these variables, along with
          z^, can be used as input to a convective model for complex
          terrain that may eventually be incorporated into CTDM.
          Throughout the rest of this document, the term "mixed layer
          height" will generally refer to the height of the convective
          mixed layer or the height of the stable surface layer.

     While direct observations of mixed (or surface) layer heights are
preferred over predicted values, the availability of calculated mixing
heights from METPRO makes CTDM much more flexible in its input data
requirements.  Although the prediction of mixing heights is far from
an exact science, establishing an observed value from acoustic sounder
or radiosonde measurements is associated with considerable uncertainty
(Hanna et al., 1985, 1986).  In general, the correlation of predicted
and observed mixing heights on an event-by-event basis is relatively
poor even with state-of-the-art techniques such as those employed in
METPRO (Hanna et al., 1986).  Fortunately, CTDM is relatively
insensitive to errors in the stable surface layer height if wind,
temperature, and turbulence data of sufficient resolution and range in
the vertical are available.

     The behavior of the convective boundary layer can be modeled with
such variables as L, u*, zo, Z£ and w*f the convective velocity
scale, which can be computed from L, u*, and z^.  Therefore, CTDM
in its current form does not make full use of the information provided
to it by METPRO.

     The daytime mixed layer height and nocturnal surface layer height
are critical variables supplied by the CTDM meteorological
preprocessor.  Plumes within an unstable surface mixed layer cannot
presently be modeled by CTDM.  (CTDM is not designed to handle plume
behavior near terrain in unstable conditions.)  Therefore, CTDM does
not attempt to predict concentrations for hours with at least one
plume within an unstable mixed layer (note, however, that near-neutral
conditions on the stable side are modeled).  Plumes in the stable
layer above a surface-based unstable layer are modeled by CTDM, so the
estimate of the convective mixing height is very important.  The
nocturnal surface layer height divides a reasonably well-behaved
stable layer (below) from a highly unpredictable one (above).  This
height is generally on the order of 50 meters or less except for windy
conditions, so elevated releases are not generally sensitive to errors
in the nocturnal surface layer height.
                                            «
1.2  Summary of METPRO Operation

     METPRO can accept input meteorological data from several sources
(rawinsondes, National Weather Service data, on-site measurements) and
produce an output file, "SURFACE", which contains hourly values of
mixed layer height, friction velocity, Monin-Obukhov length, and
surface roughness length.  See Figure 4 for a flow chart of the
various components of the meteorological preprocessor.  Direct

-------
•For Mode 0. the input requirements in "OPTIONS"
 are less than those for modes 1, 2 and 3
                                                               KEY
                                                               Programs
                                                               Input and Output Files
                                                          —— Optional
Figure 4.    Interaction  among components of the CTDM  meteorological
              preprocessor.

-------
observations of the mixed layer height are used when available.
Otherwise, upper air data are used in the mixed layer height
calculation after initial processing by the READ62 program (described
in Section 3).  METPRO uses site characteristics (surface moisture
(Bowen ratio), albedo, and surface roughness) in conjunction with the
input meteorological data to determine a best estimate for mixed layer
height as well as the friction velocity and the Monin-Obukhov  length.

     A variety of theoretical and empirical techniques are used to
determine the boundary layer variables calculated by HETPRO (described
in detail in Section 2).  During daytime hours, an energy balance
method (among latent, ground, and air heating) is used to determine
the surface heat flux, which is then used in conjunction with wind and
temperature profile data to estimate z^, L, and u*.  At night, the
downward heat flux into the ground is a function of the surface wind
speed and cloud cover.  Estimates of u* and L in stable conditions
are then used to calculate the height of the stable surface layer.

     The site characteristics which are used in the calculation of
heat flux, L, and u* vary as a function of season and direction.
These variations are accounted for in METPRO with the allowance of up
to eight different direction sectors (angular widths are variable, but
must sum to 360°) and monthly changes in the Bowen ratio, albedo, and
surface roughness.

     For some applications involving a short time period of model
simulations, the user can use a short cut to obtain the SURFACE file
input to CTDM.  The input files required by METPRO include:

     •    an options file ("OPTIONS"), which in its simplest form
          provides site characteristics for only one direction and
          month;

     •    a file containing a profile of on-site measurements
          ("PROFILE"), including wind speed and direction,
          temperature, and turbulence (same file as- that provided
          directly to CTDM);

     •    a file containing surface-based on-site measurements
          ("SURF1"), including observed mixing height, net and/or
          total incoming solar radiation, and on-site cloud
          observations;

     •    a file containing off-site cloud observations, for use if
          these observations are not available on-site ("SURF2"); and

     •    a file of processed NWS upper air data ("RAWIN") initially
          obtained from the NCDC in TD6201 format and read into the
          READ62 program to obtain the "RAWIN" file.

The "OPTIONS", "SURF1", and "PROFILE" files are always required, but
runs of METPRO can be set up so as not to require "SURF2" or "RAWIN".

-------
     METPRO can be run in any of four modes (0,1,2 or 3):

     Mode 0:   run for one or a few nighttime (stable) hours (surface
               characteristics such as surface roughness,,  albedo, and
               Bowen ratio are assumed to be constant for all model
               hours); no off-site or upper air data files are
               required.
     Mode 1:   run for any number of hours that need not be
               contiguous, such as nighttime hours only for several
               days; no off-site or upper air data are required, but
               site characteristics are allowed to vary each hour.
     Mode 2:   same as Mode 1, but off-site surface data are read to
               obtain cloud cover data.
     Mode 3:   run for a series of contiguous hours that must come in
               blocks of complete calendar days, although the days
               need not be contiguous; off-site and upper air files
               are required.

     Input file requirements are the minimum for Mode 0 and the most
extensive for Mode 3.  Mode 3 involves the determination of convective
mixing heights, a computation that currently requires input data for
an entire day at a time.  It also requires the preparation of upper
air data by an auxiliary preprocessor READ62, which is described in
Section 3.  The required files for each mode are described in detail
in Section 4.

1.3  Organization of the Manual

     In this manual, the theory behind the METPRO program is discussed
separately from the operational instructions for running READ62 or
METFRO.  Section 2, which contains a discussion of the technical basis
for METPRO, need not be consulted by users who merely wish to run the
program.  Section 4 contains user instructions for METPRO.  If mode 3
of METPRO is to be used (requiring computation of mixing heights),
then Section 3, which describes the program (READ62) that decodes the
NCDC's upper air data in T06201 format, must be referenced.
                                  10

-------
                                •SECTION 2

                           TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

2.1  Overview of Technical Design

     The meteofological preprocessor, METPRO, uses routine measurements
to estimate the vertical structure of wind, temperature, and turbulence
in the lower atmosphere using surface layer similarity theory.
Estimates of the friction velocity, u*, the Honin-Obukhov length, .L,
and the mixed layer height (h or z^), are provided by METPRO to CTDM.
These parameters, together with the roughness length, z0, can be used
by CTDM to compute values of wind, temperature, and turbulence at any
height within the mixed layer in the absence of direct measurements.

     An energy balance method is used by METPRO to determine the surface
layer variables, u* and L, a calculation which requires only one level
of wind speed data.  Net or total incoming solar radiation, which is
either provided as a measurement or is computed from the solar elevation
and albedo information during the day, is used to compute the surface
heat flux.  At night, the downward heat flux is estimated from wind
speed and cloud cover information.

     For daytime hours, net radiation is divided into surface or
"sensible" heat flux, latent heat flux, and ground heat flux components,
using information regarding the site-specific partitioning of sensible
and latent heat (Bowen ratio).  The vertical flux of sensible heat is
related to the intensity of turbulence in the surface layer, as well as
the depth of the boundary layer.  A modified Carson (1973) technique
uses the hourly sensible heat estimates and a morning sounding to
determine hourly mixed layer heights during convective conditions.

     In practice, METPRO handles seasonal changes in surface
characteristics by accepting monthly values of surface roughness length,
midday albedo, and daytime Bowen ratio.  Guidance is given in Section
4.3 for selecting seasonally varying input values for such land use
types as water bodies, deciduous or coniferous forests, swamps,
cultivated land, grassland, urban areas, and deserts.  Increases in
albedo with low sun angles are also accounted for within METPRO.
Spatial changes in surface characteristics can be accounted for by
specifying-up to 8 different sectors with user-defined direction
boundaries, each with the seasonal information discussed above.  For
example, upwind fetches over forests, grasslands, and water bodies
surrounding a particular site can be handled by METPRO on an
hour-by-hour basis by accounting for changes in upwind fetch direction.
However, changes in site characteristics for a given direction are
specified on a monthly basis.
                                   11

-------
     METPRO estimates of u* and L have been compared with observations
taken at research-grade sites (AFCRL Kansas and Minnesota experiments)
to evaluate the accuracy of these model input values (see Appendix A).
Both on-site and off-site measurements of wind speed and radiation were
provided to METPRO.  The evaluation results show very good agreement
between estimates and observations of u* and L (correlation
coefficient typically exceeding 0.9) with use of on-site wind data (with
or without measured net radiation data).  Poor agreement occurs when
off-site winds are substituted, which indicates the importance of
on-site wind measurements for model accuracy, especially in complex
terrain.

2.2  Surface Energy Balance

     2.2.1  Unstable Conditions

     The surface heat flux, H, a key parameter needed to specify the
intensity of atmospheric turbulence, may be determined from the
surface energy balance (Oke, 1978).  A simple general equation for the
energy balance at the earth's surface may be expressed by:

     Rn = H + LE + G                                                (3)

where

     RB is the net radiation,
     H is the surface heat flux,
     LE is the latent heat flux, and
     G is the soil heat flux.

Figure 5 shows a typical diurnal distribution of these energy balance
components.  The net radiation is measured or may be determined from
the total incoming solar radiation, R, as follows:

     Rn » (1-r) R - ^                                              (4)

where

     r is the albedo of the surface
     R is the total incoming solar radiation
     IQ is the net long-wave radiation from the surface.

     Equations 3 and 4 are the basis for the energy balance technique
which is discussed below.
                                             «•
     The total incoming solar radiation for the general case in which
clouds are present is computed using the following formula proposed by
Kasten and Czeplak (1980):
                   b
     R » R (1 + b_N 2)                                              (5)
          o      i
                                   12

-------
                                    TIME (h)
Figure 5.    Energy balance components for 25 July 1976 with cloudless
            skies  at  Pitt Meadows, British Columbia (49°N) over a 0.25-m
            stand  of  irrigated mixed orchard and rye grass (from Oke 1978)
                                      13

-------
where

     Ro is the incoming solar radiation for clear skies,
     N is the total cloud cover in tenths, and
     b^ and b2 are empirical coefficients:
          b-i = -0.75, and
          b2 = 3.4.

     Net radiation, if not measured, may be calculated from Equation 4
by parameterizing the incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation as
functions of the temperature after Ho Its lag and van Ulden (1983).  Net
radiation can also be calculated from the total incoming solar
radiation, R, using a surface energy balance equation given by Holts Lag
and van Ulden (1983) from Equation 4 for the net radiation:


          (l-r)R+C-T6-o__T4 +C.N
     _    _ L _ ao _ f.
     Rn
where

     cx = 5.31E-13 Wm~2 K~6
     c2 = 60 W/m2
     C3 = 0.12
      I is the air temperature
        is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 5.67E-08 W/(m2K4).
     If net and total incoming radiation measurements are both
available, METPRO will use the net radiation measurement and ignore
the total incoming radiation data.  Hissing net radiation
measurements, will, however, be replaced with estimates computed
internally by METPRO from the total radiation data.  The substituted
values may at times be slightly inconsistent with the observed net
radiation values (METPRO makes no attempt to make adjustments in such
cases).

     The albedo is relatively constant for solar elevation angles
above 30°, but increases for lower angles (Coulson and Reynolds, 1971
and Iqbal, 1983).  An empirical expression for the albedo as a
function of solar elevation angle that fits the data presented by
Iqbal reasonably well is given by
     r = r' + (1 - r') e                    .                        (7)


where
     r is the surface albedo
     r' is the albedo for the sun directly overhead
     v is the solar elevation angle in degrees,
     a is a constant, -0.1, and
     b = -0.5 (1-r')2.

The variation of albedo with solar elevation for various ground covers
is illustrated in Figure 6 .

                                   14

-------
                                     en
                                     ui
                                     u
                                     cr
                                     o
                                     Id
                                     o
                                     LJ
                                     O
                                                                o
                                                                u
at
i>

                                                                .0
                                     o
                                     en
                                                                 o
                                                                 U x-s
                                                                 co to
                                                                 > 00
                                                                   o*
                                                                 U r-l
                                                                 m
                                                                i-4 ^
                                                                 3 tO
                                                                 ao A
                                                                 c cr
                                                                <: M
                                                                \o

                                                                 to
                                                                 14


                                                                 00
OQ381V
                      15

-------
     The sensible heat flux is obtained from the basic energy balance,
Equation 3, where Ho Its Lag and van Ulden (1983) assume that the latent
heat flux is a function of temperature.  The sensible heat flux may be
obtained from the following equation after determining the n&t radiation
from Equation 6:
         .  -. ._    _.
     H ' (           > (Rn - G) -
where

     a is an empirical parameter related to the Bowen ratio
     (Br=LE/H) ,
     8' is a constant, 20 W/m^,
     6 is the soil heat flux, set to 0.1 Rn,
     qs is the saturation specific humidity,
          aqs
     s -  —  ,   and

         C
     Y » ^    , where                                              (9)

     X is the latent heat of water vaporization.

     The value assigned to a is specific for the soils and
vegetation at the site of interest.

     The latent heat flux can be written as (after Holtslag and van
Ulden)


     LE '          (VG) + 6'a •
The Bowen ratio, Br, which is the ratio H/LE, is a more familiar
parameter than a for defining the soil moisture condition.  During
daytime conditions, Br is usually positive, with values ranging from
0.1 for bodies of water to about 1.0 for temperate grasslands and up
to 10 or more for deserts.  The Bowen ratio can be computed by
dividing Equation 8 by Equation 10.  After collecting terms and
substituting an estimate (Holtslag and van Ulden, 1983) for G (=0.1
Rn) , one can derive the following expression for a:

             (l+Y/s)(0.9Rn)
         (l+Br)[.9Rn+6*(l+Y/s>l     '


For most of the daytime hours, when RQ is much greater than 6',
Equation 11 simplifies to
                                                                    (12)
                                   16

-------
     Using the heat flux from Equation 6, METPRO determines  values  for
the friction velocity u* and the Monin-Obukhov  length  L.   A  first
guess for u* is made based upon the  logarithmic wind profile for
neutral conditions (L = •») :

         u*     z
     u = — In (— )                                                 (13)
         *      Zo

where

     u is the wind speed at 10 meters;
     k is the yon Kartnan constant, k = 0.4  (Lo  and McBean  1978);
     u* is the friction velocity;
     z is the wind measurement height; and '
     z0 is the roughness length.

Note:  a 10-meter wind speed obtained by  interpolation or
       extrapolation, if necessary,  is used in  the estimate  of
       u* because it represents a  level usually in the
       surface layer, but  above surface roughness elements;  it
       is also widely available as a standard measurement
       height.

The Monin-Obukhov length,  L, defined in equation 1, is used  to  provide
a stability parameter to CTDM.

     Subsequent iterative  guesses  for u*  and L use the formulation
for stability corrections  to the logarithmic profiles  for  momentum,
$01, and for heat, «Vh« (Lumley and  Panofsky  1964, Businger
1973):


     u * -£ [In (J-0 - «lrffl]                                          (14)
                  o
                .
     6 - 6Q - ~  [0.74 In  (Z/ZQ) - <|»hl                              (15)

where 6* is the temperature scale, equal to -6'w'/u*.

     For unstable conditions, the stability corrections  denoted in
equations 14 and 15, ^ and ^, are as  follows:
                )         (l-hb
* - 21n  [ - ; - ] + In  [ - » - ] -2 arctan  ($ ~*)  +  ir/2           (16)
 Ttt          2                2                 m


                CH0.74+.'1)
         « 2 In  t -    "   ]                                        (17)
                                    17

-------
where

                  z -1/4
       = (1 - 15 7) 1X*    and                                     (18)
      m           L

                    r -1/2
     
-------
     The friction velocity, u*, can be calculated as the solution to a
quadratic equation:
                                                                    (25)
                   1/2
Where u  = ( — - - )
For real solutions, the following condition must be met:

     2u
              < 1                                                   (26)
        1/2
           U
If this condition does not hold (under very stable conditions), L is
set to a default minimum of 5 m and u* is calculated with that
assumption.  Otherwise, L is calculated from Equation 1.

2.3  Mixed Layer Height Determination

     METPRO computes convective mixed layer heights when run in mode 3
(contiguous hours for entire calendar days).  During the daytime
hours, the convective boundary layer (CBL) is assumed to be capped by
a relatively thin interfacial layer separating it from the stable air
aloft.  Stable air is entrained into the interfacial layer as a result
of vertical mixing due to thermals penetrating the top of the CBL.
Within the mixed layer (x > O.lz^), the potential temperature 6
and wind speed u are relatively uniform, but in the interfacial layer,
they rapidly adjust with height to their values in the overlying
stable air.

     Carson (1973) has simplified the modeling of boundary layer
evolution by ignoring radiation, latent heat effects, and advection of
energy.  He includes the effects of time-dependent surface heating,
capping layer stability, large-scale air subsidence, and any degree of
turbulent interfacial mixing.  Carson idealizes the potential
temperature distribution by assuming it to be uniform with z within
the CBL, to undergo a step change A6^ at the toP °f the CBL (z =
h), and to vary linearly with z in the overlying stable air.  He also
considers the stable air as comprising 3 or so vertical layers, each
with a different lapse rate, instead of as a single stable layer.

     Weil and Brower (1983) modified Carson's model by:

     •    permitting the elevated stable layer to have an arbitrary
          temperature distribution with z (i.e., an infinite number of
          vertical layers);
                                   19

-------
     •    allowing for surface stress- induced (mechanical) mixing, which
          can be important at night and in the early morning hours when
          the heat flux is low or zero; and

     •    neglecting subsidence.

The portion of the Weil and Brower document describing the determination
of the convective boundary layer height is given in Appendix B.  A
summary of this scheme is given below.

     Convective and mechanical mixing are assumed to operate
independently of one another, so that one or the other of these mixing
modes dominates.  Figure 7 shows the assumed potential temperature
distribution, where the solid curve is the initial temperature profile,
03(z), and the dashed curve is the idealized profile at a later time
t.  The "overshoot" a is a measure of the degree of entrauunent or
interfacial mixing and is a function of time, as are the nixed- layer
temperature and height, 6C and h (used here interchangeably with
z^), respectively, and the temperature jump AB^.  When there is no
overshoot, A6^=0, and the mixed-layer only "encroaches" on the
elevated stable layer.

     The growth of the convective mixing height is assumed to be
controlled by the bombardment of the stable lid with therraals
originating at the surface.  Computationally, the incremental (hourly)
change of the area under the temperature profile curve (see Figure 7) is
proportional to the hourly sensible heat flux, H.

     The area under the temperature profile 6S curve is proportional
to the accumulated surface heat flux:

Area under temperature profile curve at time t *

                                        H
                 h
     h 6 (h) -  J° 6 dz » (1 + 2A)  /   — - dT                   (27)
        SOS              O     pC
                                           p
where A is a empirical constant (ratio of heat flux at top of boundary
layer to that at the surface), taken as 0.2 after Deardorff (1980).
The left side of Equation 27 is a mathematical representation of the
area under the 9S curve (up to a height h) in Figure 7.  The right
side is proportional to the surface heat flux.

     Weil and Brewer's formulation for the mechanical mixing height,.
after Tennekes (1973) and Kato and Phillips (1969), is derived in a
manner similar to that of Equation 27 except 'that the right side of
the equation is now a function of the friction velocity u*:
                                BT
     h2 6 (h) - 2  /h z6 dz = 2 —  /fc u.3 dr                     (28)
         3        OS        gO*
                                   20

-------
                                                                                                       i


                                                                                                       o
                                                                                                       (0
                                                                                                       u
                                                                                                       CO
                                                                                                       •o
                                                                                                       o


                                                                                                       (u
                                                                                                       •r*

                                                                                                       •O
                                                                                                       00
                                                                                                       §
                                                                                                       i-l
                                                                                                       -u
                                                                                                       eg
                                                                                                        o
                                                                                                        o
                                                                                                        ao
                                                                                                       ^-t
                                                                                                        OJ
                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                        b
ISI
                                         21

-------
where To is the surface temperature and B is a constant, 2.5..
Equation 28 shows a balance between the kinetic energy (right side)
required to overcome the potential energy (left side) represented by the
initial stable temperature sounding.

     For each hour, METPRO chooses the higher of a mechanical or
convective mixing height.  This method does not use surface temperature
explicitly (unlike the other methods), and therefore avoids site
inconsistencies between the on-site temperature and the off-site upper
air temperature sounding.

     The nocturnal boundary layer height is modeled using an expression
developed by Zilitinkevich (1972) that is valid for very stable
conditions :
     h = 0.4   (— )                                                (29)


where

     h is the height of the stationary nocturnal boundary layer, and f
     is the Coriolis parameter, f ~ 10~* s~*.  (Note:  for
     latitudes within 10° of the equator, a value of f corresponding
     to 10* is used in METPRO to avoid division by zero.)

     An interpolation scheme developed by Nieuwstadt (1981) extends
Zilitinkevich' s (1972) formula to nearly neutral cases:
     L  '  1 + 179 h/L                                              (30)


The solution for h given by this formula approaches Equation 29 for
small L and approaches 0.3 u*/f for large L (the solution
appropriate for neutral conditions).

2.4  Use of Upwind Fetch to Boundary Layer Characteristics

     The characteristics of the boundary layer experienced by an
elevated plume near its release point are a function of the influence
of the surface along the fetch upwind from the source.

     Developing boundary layers that are generated by changes in
surface characteristics have heights, h-j, that are functions of the
fetch length, x and the stability:

     Neutral:  h^. * O.lx (Jackson, 1976);                           (31)

     Stable:  hT » O.lx, with a maximum defined by                  (32)
              Equation 29 (Zilitinkevich, 1972)
                                   22

-------
     Unstable:  hT = 0.19x°-47, u < 5 m/sec
                hT = 0.20x°-29, 5 < u < 7 m/sec                     (33)
                hT = 0.25x°-14, u >, 7 m/sec
         and x in km, Raynor et al, 1979).
A depiction of the growth of the developing boundary layer is shown  in
Figure 2.

     The change in the characteristics downwind from the source will
affect dispersion eventually, but this new boundary layer will not
intercept the plume until it grows to plume height and entrains the
plume.  This delay in surface characteristics influencing the plume
behavior is especially significant for elevated releases of buoyant
plumes.  As a consequence, upwind site characteristics are used to
determine the boundary layer structure that affects plume dispersion.

     For stable and neutral conditions, surface characteristics at
upwind distances up to about ten times the final plume height will
influence plume dispersion.  This distance will, of course, vary with
source characteristics and with meteorological conditions.  A choice of
3 kilometers (corresponding to a plume height of 300 meters) as adopted
by the U.S. EPA (1986) is a fairly representative average.

     Site characteristics required for METPRO include the surface
roughness length, the albedo, and the Bowen ratio.  The albedo and Bowen
ratio are used for. daytime surface heat flux calculations, while the
roughness length is used for all periods to determine u* and L.  To
account for changes in site characteristics in both time (season) and
the upwind fetch direction, METPRO allow -the user to specify these site
characteristics for up to eight direction sectors and for each month of
the year.  Guidance on the selection of input values for METPRO is given
in Section 4.3.

2.5  Structure of METPRO Code

     The calculation, of the boundary layer variables u* and L as well
as the estimation of the mixed layer height within METPRO are performed
by routines designed in a modular fashion.  Table 1 lists the METPRO
routines and the function of each.  Some of the major tasks allocated to
these routines are

     •    determining net radiation and surface heat flux (SUN, HV,
          HVNET, TOTAL);

     •    calculating u* and L (HDAYUS, WNUS>;

     •    estimating the convective mixed layer height (TT, CUBIC, HOUR,
          IHITT, MINUTE, RHOO, SENSE, SUMHH, SUMI, ZZI);

     •    estimating the mechanical and stable mixing heights (SUMVV,
          ZILL) .
                                    23

-------
                                 TABLE 1

                   METPRO ROUTINES AND THEIR FUNCTION
Routine Name

METPRO

DEFAUL


SUN

HV

HVNET


HDAYUS


WNUS


TOTAL


TT


CUBIC
HOUR

INITT
JULIAN

MINUTE

RHOO


SENSE


SUMHH

SUMI
                 Function

Main program, opens' file-and calls subroutines

Substitutes NWS data if missing on-site data; flags
missing winds

Calculates solar elevation angle for each hour

Computes the surface heat flux from the net radiation

Computes the net radiation from the total incoming
solar radiation

Calculates unstable u* and L using the HoItslag-van
Ulden technique

Calculates stable u* and L using the Venkatram
technique

Calculates total incoming solar radiation from cloud
cover and solar elevation

Interpolates to obtain surface temperature at time of
positive upward heat flux

Solves a cubic polynominal equation
Converts minutes from midnight into hours and minutes

Computes integrated sensible heat flux from sunrise
Computes Julian day from month, day, year information

Converts hours and minutes after midnight to minutes

Calculates air density as a function of temperature,
pressure

Determines time when sensible heat flux is first
positive upward
                         t
Interpolates integrated sensible heat flux

Computes potential temperature integrals from morning
sounding
                                   24

-------
                           TABLE  1  (Continued)


Routine Name                        Function

SUMVV              Calculates area under u-* curve for mechanical
                   mixing height

ZILL               Calculates nocturnal boundary layer height

ZZI                Determines haight corresponding to a given area
                   under the potential temperature curve
                                   25

-------
                                 SECTION 3

                            READ62  PREPROCESSOR

3.1  Requirement for Upper Air Data

     The CTDM meteorological preprocessor,  METPRO, requires upper air
data to compute daytimfe mixed layer heights using the Carson (1973)
method as modified by Weil and Brower (1983) in execution mode 3 only.
In execution modes 0, 1 and 2, nocturnal mixing heights are either
calculated from on-site conventional meteorological data or are measured
with an instrument such as an acoustic sounder.  Convective mixing
heights in modes 0, 1, and 2 are provided through measurements or are
set by default to -999 (missing).

     In 1985, the National Climatic Data Center initiated a new format
(the TD-6201 format) for U.S. rawinsonde observations.  An auxiliary
meteorological pre-processor, READ62, has been developed to read the
NCDC's TD-6201 format and produce a file for input to the METPRO
meteorological preprocessor.  Table 2 gives a description of the
contents of the TD-6201 file.

3.2  Execution of READ62

     The TD-6201 files must be ordered from NCDC in a fixed block
format:  2876 bytes per record, 2 records per block.  The disk file
should be set up to contain formatted records of 2876 bytes in length.
Program execution should account for this record length (e.g., for some
compilers a command option changes the maximum record length at run
time).  A portion of a sample file is shown in Figure 8.

     The user is required to input data and program option values for
READ62.  Dates and pressure levels for which data are to be extracted
are specified by the user, as well as criteria for discarding an entire
data level.  The required format is shown in Table 3.

     The "RAWIN" output file consists of a formatted listing in
chronological order of pressure, height, temperature, wind direction and
wind speed for each pressure level between the surface and the
user-specified level aloft.
                                            *

     Each sounding output consists of an identification record followed
by several data records.  The identification record contains the
following:

          a label identifying the data as series "6201",
          a station identification number (e.g., 14735),
          the year, month, day, and hour (GMT) of the sounding,
          the total number of pressure'levels in the sounding, and
          the total number of levels extracted.
                                    26

-------
                                 TABLE 2

                        CONTENTS OF TD-6201 FILE
HEADER INFORMATION FOR EACH SOUNDING TIME (32 BYTES):

Variable Name  ft of Bytes    Description

STNID
LAT
LON
YEAR, MONTH, DAY,
HOUR
NUMLEV
8

5
10
3
Station identifier.

Latitude—the station latitude in Deg. and
Min. followed by 'Nf or'S*

Longitude—the station longitude in Deg.
and Min. followed by 'E' or 'W.

The schedule time of the observation, GMT.
Number of repeating groups—this represents
the number of data levels found in the
current observation (79 is the maximum
number stored in each data block).
DATA FOR EACH OF 79 PRESSURE LEVELS (36 BYTES EACH):

Variable Name  it of Bytes    Description
QIND
ETIME
PRES
HGT
TEMP
RH
WD
WS

TIMEF, PRESF,
HGTF, TEMPF, RHF,
WINDF

TYPLEV
6

1
          Level-quality-indicator—denotes the
          results of any quality controls applied to
          this level (this is used in READ62).

          The elapsed time since the release of the
          sounding in minutes and tenths (ignored in
          READ62).

          Atmospheric pressure at the current level
          (read in millibars).

          Geopotential height of the current level in
          meters.

          The air temperature at the current level in
          degrees and tenths Celsius.

          The relative humidity at the current level
          in %.

          The wind direction at the current level in
          deg.

          Speed of the wind in whole meters per
          second.
Quality control flags

Type of level flag (ignored)
                                  27

-------
O 04 04
+ o cn
O O PI-
GO O O
H o in
o o in
H o o
* r»  I
o o ft
o o m
o H H
o P. H
O CM O
O H +
o ** o
o o cn
o c*» cn
O VO O
o o o
cn  i  p-
o CM cn
OHO
O VO O
o o o
H o cn
in 4- o
•v o
CO * O
o\ o o
i-4 O CN
a -)- o
00 O O
* 00 O
cn P» o
p. ov o
o o o
Z*TO
in H H
* a o
IN O CO
•» O CO
m H CM
n o CM
p. o cn
*• oo
H o vo
o o P.
o o o
O V  I
O  CN
+  o
o  o
cn  o
cn  o
p>  o
o  o
p»  o
oo  CM
o  o
o  p-
O  vo
cn  CM
o  en
O  H
o  o
o  in
o  cn
o  H
•*  i
H  O
o  r»
vo  eo
r-  cn
CM  o
H  +
CM  O
O  0\
m  CM
p.  vo
o  o
 i   cn
oo  CM
i-l  H
in  o
CM  O
o  cn
+  o
o  o
o  o
m  o
p»  o
o  o
H  0V
00  H
O  O
o  r*
O  VO
cn  CM
O  H
O  CM
o  o
O  p.
O  CM
O  H
en  I
H  cn
O  H
00  VO
eo  cn
CM  O
n  +
CM  O
o  o
CM  in
VO  vo
o  o
 i   in
O O
CM O
O H
4- O
O O
O O
O O
00 O
o o
(M O
in +
m o
o o
en in
CM •»
CM O
 I  cn
vo cn
cn H
cn o
in o
o CM
+ o
o o
r- o
H o
in o
o o
en vo
vo H
H o
O vo
o p.
CM CM
o p-
o in
o o
o eo
o vo
O CM
oo  I
H en
o vo
cn t-t
vo vo
CM o
01 +
H O
O 1-4
VO VO
cn <*
H O
 I  •*
vo cn
O rH
cn o
*• o
O CM
+ o
o o
00 O
•» o
in o
o o
VO vo
in H
H O
O rH
o p.
P1 CM
o in
O cn
o o
o cn
o in
o CM
oo  i
ft P>
O *r
c*> eo
vo in
CM o
cn +
H o
o  4-
O 0V O
O OV rH
O OV cn
O rH O
O VO O
CM  I  OV
cn cn rH
o in oo
in CM O
in cn o
CM H CM
cn 4- o
cn o o
cn o o
vo vo o
CM o o
vo o o
 i  •» cn
o p« CM
o vo o
H O 00
VO O vo
rH CM CM
4- o cn
o o cn
o o cn
O O H
rH O CM
O O VO
rH O  t
VO CM P-
in o H
O O CM
O VO CM
cn CM CM
o en +
o cn o
o cn p-

o o o
o vo o
H  i  *
cn vo eo
o in p.
CM P- o
in oo o
CM H cn
cn 4- o
cn o o
cn in o
eo vo o
cn o o
in o o
 i  cn CM
in in CM
H vo o
p. o CM
* o p.
rH H CM
+ o en
o o cn
in o cn
CM O rH
H o cn
o o vo
p. cn  I
O rH VO
in o cn
o en p.
O VO rH
CM CM CM
O OV +
o ov o
o ov o
O (N f
O 
cn  cn in
cn  i  o
cn  cn r*
cn  en v
cn  en H
cn  en o
en  cn o
 t   cn o
n  n
o  r*
O  cn
o  O
O  O
O  (M
O  H
p>  I
O  CM
O  CO
1-1  in
in  H
cn  o
  o
o  o
o  n
+  o
o  o
f-4  O
00  O
cn  o
o  o
CM  00
i-l  O
o  o
o  •»
o  •*
•-I  n
o  o
o  cn
o  o
O  «-4
o  o
O  H
m  i
O  m
+  O
O  O
1-  O
cn  o
r-  o
o  o
in  r»
vo  o
o  o
o  in
o  cn
p»  n
o  cn
O  H
O  O
O  CO
o  in
o  o
00  I
O  N
O  i-4
vo  in
o  CM
n  o
•»  +
00  O
o  o
m  in
r-  r*
o  o
 i   cn
eo  c-
o  o
o  o
CM  o
O  CM
4-  O
o  o
o  o
o  o
00  O
o  o
n  r-
v0  O
o  o
o  in
O  cn
CM  n
o  cn
O  H
o  o
O  00
o  in
o  o
oo  i
O  H
o  o
i-i  in
rH  CM
cn  O
00  +
cn  O
o  i-i
«r  «
vo  p«
o  o
 i   en
*  p«
p.  o
«  o
i-4  O
O  CM
4-  O
O  O
in  o
en  O
eo  o
o  o
 vo
cn m
<-! O
 I  P-
cn *»•
VO iH
p> O
cn O
O CM
4- O
O O
00 O
cn o
vo o
o o
oo o
H H
H O
O vo
o cn
cn CM
o oo
o •»
o o
o o
O 00
O H
O  I
1-4 en
o H
CM »
O T
cn o
n +
cn O
O in
cn oo
H in
H o
 I  CO
<-t cn
CM H
VO O
cn o
O cn
4- o
O o
O o
in o
vo o
o o
en o
H H
H O
O 1-
O cn
CM CM
O CM
o *r
O O
o o
O vo
O H
O  I
H en
O CM
n CM
O *•
cn o
CM +
CM O
o o
CM O
H vo
•-4 O
 I  CM
PI  M
o  cn
o  cn
o  cn
O  lH
O  1-4
o  in
CM  i
f-4  H
o  cn
in  o
cn  cn
CM  o
en  +
H  o
o  o
cn  o
O  cn
cn  o
 I  *
oo  p»
cn  CM
cn  o
vo  O
O  CM
4-  O
O  O
o  o
in  o
*•  o
o  o
CM  cn
cn  H
H  o
o  •*
o  eo
H  CM
O  cn
O  cn
o  cn
o  in
o  o
o  in
n  I
1-4  P.
O  P-
CM .00
cn  oo
CM  O
en  +
•-4  O
o  o
*r  1-1
*  cn
CM  O
 I  eo
en  vo
p.  CM
in  o
m  o
o  cn
•₯  O
O  O
o  o
o  o
in  o
o  o
o  **
P-  i-4
r*  O
o  n
o  cn
cn  CM
o  cn
o  cn
o  cn
o  1-1
o  *
o  *
o  i
M  CM CM
+  o en
o  o cn
N  o en
o  o CM
CM  o co
o  o in
vo  cn  i
in  CM cn
fn  o CM
OOP*
a  \e\ -v
d  CM H
o  cn +
o  en o
o  en in
o  CM CM
O  cn H
O  in o
oo  i  o
H  00 V
O  P« <»
CM  CM O
VO  CM O
CN  H CM
en  4- o
cn  o o
cn  cn o
in  eo o
CM  iH O
moo
 i  P- in
eo  P> CM
^  cn o
•-top.
•H  o vo
i-l  CM CN
4-  o en
o  o cn
co  o cn
i-l  O H
CM  O CM
o  o in
cn  cn  i
cn  CM •-!
cn  O cn
OOP-
O  in cn
H  CM H
O  cn 4-
O  cn o
o  cn vo
oo-*
O  i-l H
o  in o
CM  I  P«
CM  P> H
O  VO ^
cn  eo o
in  i-i o
CM  H i-l
en  4- o
cn  o o
en  in o
H  cn o
•*  H o
in  o o
 i  cn vo
vo  vo CM
vo  cn o
CM  O vo
O  O vo
i-l  1-4 CN
4-  o cn
o  o en
o  o cn
in  o H
CM  o ^i
o  o m
CN  cn  i
fH  PI
4-  O
O  O
O  O
00  O
o  o
o  o
cn  cn
••4  CM
in  o
O  iH
O  P-
CM  CM
o  cn
o  cn
o  en
o  cn
O  cn
O  vo
•*  I
CM  cn
O  •*
cn  CM
p.  cn-
CM  i-l
cn  +
cn  o
cn  o
vo  vo
cn  o
vo  o
 i  v
vo  in
CM  in
oo  o
vo  o
H  i-l
+  O
O  O
cn  o
oo  o
o  o
o  o
VO  H
cn  CM
V  O
O  00
o  vo
r4  CM
o  en
o  cn
o  cn
o  vo
o  *r
o  vo
cn  i
CM  •*
o  o
eo  cn
vo  eo
CN  i-l
cn  +
cn  o
cn  o
p.  P.
CM  o
vo  o
 i  cn
cn  PI
o  in
H  o
vo  o
H  CM
4-  O
O  O
o  o
o  o
H  O
O  O
P-  CM
CN  CM
cn  I
cn  cn
en  cn
TT  cn
cn  cn
vo  ct
 I  a
cn  cn
i-4  01>
in  en
cn  i-i
CM  01
4-  cn
O  91
O  01
cn  oi
O  0i
o  cn
vo  a\
in  cn
vo  ov
o  ov
o  cn
n  a\
o  ov
o  en
o  cn
o  cn
o  <:•>
o  on
VO  II
CM  ci
O  O
in  c*
p-  cn
CM  cn
cn  »
cn  cn
cn  ov
CM  cn
n  on
vo  cn
 i  cn
vo  cn
•»  cn
p.  cn
H  H
CM  en
+  cn
o  cn
O  '.ft
•*  en
o  cn
o  cn
PI  cn
•-i  <*
vo  cn
o  m
O  17)
H  tit
O  ijl
O  '3V
o  ov
O  '3V
o  y\
o  cn
«H  i
CM  g>
o  cn
CM  cn
p-  cn
CM  cn
cn  i
cn  cn
cn  cn
CN  cn
m  cn
vo  en
 i  cn
cn  cri
en  0t
cn  a\
cn  01
cn  0k
cn  ot
cn  a\
cn  I
en  a\
cn  cn
cn  01
cn  o\
cn  0t
cn  I
cn  01
en  01
cn  en
cn  en
cn  ov
 i  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  crt
en  H
cn  cn
 i  crt
cn  cn
cn  en
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
cn  cn
H  cn
en  cn
en  cn
en  cn
en  cn
cn  
-i->  eg
 ca o
•a

 u.S
~* -w
 ca  CB
 0. O
 0.
 3 -H
     as
 c  e
 co  o
    °«!
IU jj
 o  a
    2

 o  
 u

 SO
.*4
Cb
                                                                                 28

-------
                                 TABLE 3

                CONTENTS .OF OPTIONS INPUT FILE FOR READ62
First Line (free format):
Variable Name                Description


IBYR, IBOAY, IBHR:           Year, Julian day, and hour (GMT) to begin
       <•       •             extracting data from input TD6201 file.

IEYR, IEOAY, IEHR:           Year, Julian day, and hour (GMT) after
                             which to stop extracting data from input
                             TD6201 file.

PSTOP:                       Lowest pressure (highest level) for which
                             information is to be extracted.

Second line (free format):

Variable Name                Description

LHT, LTEMP, LWD, LWS:        Control switches for acceptance of this
                             data level for height, temperature, wind
                             direction and wind speed data
                             respectively.  If a value of any of these
                             four variable is missing and that switch is
                             set to 1, discard the entire level; a
                             setting of zero indicates that the data
                             level is acceptable even if that
                             corresponding variable is missing.
                                   29

-------
An example is shown in Figure 9.

     The "RAWIN" output file will contain warning messages for entirely
missing soundings or soundings whose highest level is below the cut-off
value specified by the user.  The user must edit the RAWIN formatted
file to delete these warning messages and to substitute for the missing
data.  Substitutions can be obtained by copying from a chronologically
adjacent sounding or by obtaining data from a spatially adjacent
sounding location.  These substitutions should be done on a case-by-case
basis, using alternate data representing the same air mass
characteristics as that for the location and time of the missing data.

     Recommended control variable settings for dealing with missing data
are as follows:

     •    eliminate individual levels with missing temperature or height
          data;
     •    do not eliminate individual levels with missing wind data.

Currently, the wind data are not used by HETPRO; therefore, it is not
necessary to substitute for missing values in the wind direction and
speed data fields.

     Default input/output unit numbers have been assigned to the files
mention above:

     •    Unit 5: Options input file ("OPT62", see Table 3);
     •    Unit 6: Verification listing of input options ("OUTPUT");
     •    Unit 8: TD-6201 data file ("TD6201", see Figure 8);
     •    Unit 9: "RAWIN" output file (see Figure 9).

If necessary, the default I/O unit assignments can be easily changed by
altering a single line of code (for each unit number) near the beginning
of the main program.
                                 30

-------
  m M • o -a     «««i»oo     MMM«     »Minma     m M » m »m   o o « i* o        -o» o o m             *m —«M


  XXXXX     XXXXXX     XXXX     '•» X X X X     XXXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXX             XXXXX
    i M« r» in     m — •« in « —     «m    « M •« o in        m m t» M o             e  7 » « —
  „> » r» « 4     » M o M » e     m « « •     h-»»r» • m     «»oo»«   MMMinm        » «m m f»             a  f~ •a •« it>
  MMMMM     MMMMMM     ——MM     —MMMM     MMMMMM   MMMMM        —MMMM             MMMMM

                   o M *• * ^ M     4— — o-     *• — o» •« *,     ^ — m m * *»   — — o ^ *•        ** — ^ M *»             M  * m o m

                   •a — m P* o *     * M • —     in •* M M •     * M — » m *   99^ — —        -ooi*»M0
                   •«««o •«     « « « « in     •« -a -c in m •   « •«•«.• m        «r>««m
                   MMMMMM     MMMM     MMMMM     MMMMMM   MMMMM        MMMMM
                                      XXXX     XXXXX     XXXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXX
                   oi»«Mm«     «VV>M     m» M • M     m»i»««.m   •» •«o i        M —MOM             M AI in M •              £
                   MMO —•«—     ««MM     »»« —o     «« M i» o«   oomt»«        4 F- >» m»             o«m»m              a]
                   »momf»f     «Mor»     MMVOM     *M*- »«   «m»»f»        i»MMmm             mmo>«o              t,
                      — MMM*        —MM        — — M*        — M M M in     — — M*          —MM*               — — M*              "
                      -  -  -  -  -      XXXX     XXXXX     XXXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXX             XXXXX              SO
                                      0000     00000     000000   00000        00000             00000              O

                                      O—O*     MMMOO     *MOO*»O   » 4 O O O        « » .» O I-             OOMOO              *^
                                      mi»o*     «« —oo     •« i» m«— o   — *oom.        Mm«m«             u> m»o o              CM
                                      »••«     o> *«*» 4     a>«f*4-«in   »««r» m        »«p»«




                                                                                                         «r»oo«             «« — m«t»            M «—
   o « « J 4     «* — MO»     M <« «o   r-• i-m m w   * o> o o » •   MMMMUI        «mmmj             M^«r>mm            a)
   MMMMM     MMMMMM        •• M M M   — M M M M M   MMMMMM   MMMMM        — M M M M             MMMMMM            2!
   -  -  -  -  -         .....      XXXXX   XXXXXX   XXXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXX             XXXXXX           *•


       r-om     •om-oi*. —m     «O«MO   ^*MMO—   am— •> m«   «M««M        •01*40             m»f» w f»»            c
   ^ ^,««m     «««««m     .«•«•«•« in   «««•«•« m   «<««mm*   ««««m        «!*««•«             p» -a -a -a m»            5
   MMMMM     MMMMMM     MMMMM   MMMMMM   MMMMMM   MMMMM        MMMMM             MMMMMM            O
   XXXXX     XXXXXX     XXXXX   XXXXXX   X.XXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXX             XXXXXX            U

                                                                                                                                 O MP» O m M       .   ***
                                                                                                                                 « M m -o m —
                                                                                                                                 me o o o o
                                                                                                                                 in o o m m o
                                                                                                                                           »m
                   *t*a**oaM   Mm —«m   m»M««»   MO — m m •«   «— »»o        m^oo*M           m< — M*.*           3|

                                                                                                                                                         2
                                                          I —OM   O0MM4M   IMOm»0
   ...     *m — MO»»   M«*«»   f»M»*r»»in   «»oo»o   — MMMin
   —MMMM     MMMMMMM   M——MM   —MMMMM   —MMMMM   MMMMM



                                                                                      o — mMm        nim^-a —•«           *oTK«^>*           a.
                   	.  j«m*   ««««m   4««««m   « « « m •   r> « « « in        **-c-»-o*if           ^ •« « « in in           Jj
                   MMMMMMM   MMMMM   MMMMMM   MMMMMM   MMMMM        MMMMMM           MMMMMM           —
                   XXXXXXX   XXXXX   XXXXXX   XXXXXX   XXXXX        XXXXXX           XXXXXX           3


                                                                                                                                                          Mm — « —Mf» •!»•«•   Min — M • — « OM«*>
—     — — M — —
                                                  M   — — — — MM      — — — — M   — —      —
                                                                                                                                        M 4 » —
                                                                                                                                        — — Aim
                                                                   — XXXXXX — XXXXXX —OXXXXXX — O   —XXXXXX —

                                                         ^ f» « m » -o »• o o 9 «, » o MMMin m • m in M « m m *• » m   » » o f» f» ^ IT T          *
                                                         MMMM*—MMMMMOMMMMMM*   —MMMMM*     C«*MMAiMAi«        ^^
                                                     --XXXX   XXXXXX   XXXXXX      XXXXXX           XXXXXX
                                           r»^«   MMOinMO   «*O>*M*M   MM— O f» «   M— «1M M M *   I      « — « » M P»           J)




                                                                                                I Aim a MM MM MMm •   mMMMMMAiin         &0
                                                                                                         ~~~iXXXM     F^XXXXXXl*»        ^j
^ ••••••f»  •^•_*^*^^^^_?**— ***^^***  ••••••!*  ••_««««f*u  ••••••i*tf   i^  •  ••••••«        TT^
     •«— «Min
       — M»m        —MM**
   XXXXXX   XXXX
onim»moooiMi/i«»o— moAiiM^mooMmmoamo — mmmmoo — ovmmooik— ommmmoa.
                                                                                                      Oo»«r».4mMO
                                                                                                         —             4
                                                                                                      i                  X
                                                                                                      a                  a
                                                                                 31

-------
                                 SECTION  4

                         METPRO USER INSTRUCTIONS

4.1  Input Data Requirements

     Four modes of execution for METPRO have been designed to
accommodate the needs of CTDM users for simulation periods ranging from
one hour to several years.  The METPRO input text files are described
below, followed by a description of which of these files are required
for each execution mode of METPRO.

     a)  PROFILE

     "PROFILE" is a user-supplied file of wind, temperature,, and
     turbulence measurements'typically obtained from a tower or a
     doppler acoustic sounder.  Several levels of measurements can be
     accomodated, and the same file is used by both METPRO and CTDM.
     The specific format for "PROFILE" is given in Table 4.  A 10-meter
     height (or one close to it) should be included, if at all possible,
     for estimates of u* and determination of the upwind fetch wind
     direction sector.

     b)  SURF1

     "SURF1" is a user-supplied file of observed variables obtained from
     special surface-based instrumentation, including net radiation,
     mixing height, and cloud cover.  The format for "SURF1" is given in
     Table 5.

     c)  SURF2

     "SURF2" is a file of surface weather variables measured by the
     National Weather Service (usually an airport); it is the CD144
     format obtained from the National Climatic Data Center.  The format
     is given in Table 6.  The only variable currently used from this
     file in METPRO is the cloud cover, which is needed for energy
     balance calculations for nighttime hours.  If on-site cloud cover
     is available for a given hour (in "SURF1"), then it is used rather
     than the off-site value.
     The READ62 preprocessor is used to derive a file of processed upper
     air data from the TD-6201 format supplied by the National Climatic
     Data Center (see Section 3 for further details).  The "RAWIN" file
     is needed only for computing convective mixing heights.  CTDM
     applications that are limited to nighttime hours will not require
     the use of the "RAWIN" file.
                                   32

-------
                         TABLE 4
              CONTENTS OF FILE "PROFILE"
   Each hour's data consists of one line per observation
height (relative to tower or sodar base); heights must be in
increasing order.  Each data line is in free format, as follows:
   VARIABLE
     JYR
     JMO
     JDY
     JHR
     HT

     TEND
     WD
     WS
     TA
     SIGTH
     SW
     UV
DESCRIPTION
Year
Month
Day of month
Hour (at the end of the period)
Height of this observation above
   tower base, meters
0 if not the highest level; otherwise 1
Wind direction
Scalar wind speed, m/sec
Ambient dry bulb temperature, K
Sigma-theta, degrees
Sigma-w, m/sec
Vector wind speed, m/sec
                                33

-------
                         TABLE 5

                 CONTENTS OF FILE "SURF1"
   Each hour's data consists of one line,  with variables in
free format.  The variables to be included are listed below.
VARIABLE

  YR

  MO

  DY

  HR

  QR



  RN



  ZIOBS



  CH
  CC
                             DESCRIPTION

                             Year

                             Month

                             Day of month

                             Hour (at the end of the period)

                             Total incoming solar radiation,
                                  watts per square meter
                                  (-999. if missing)

                             Net radiation,
                                  watts per square meter
                                  (-999. if missing)

                             Observed mixed layer height above
                                  the ground (meters)  from on-site
                                  measurements, -999.  if missing

                             Base height of cloud ceiling in
                                  hundreds of feet from on-site
                                  measurements, -999.  if missing
                                  (not used in current version of
                                   METPRO)

                             Cloud cover in tenths from on-site
                                  measurements, -9 if missing
                                  (if mode 0 or 1, a nonnegative
                                  value must be provided)

-------
     o
     Ed
     a

     Q
     OS
     CM
     tb
     as

     w
     Ed
Ed   Eb

03   <
     s-i

     a.
     BS
     2
     w
     §
     o
     Ed
     04
     W
to
4J
                o
                o
                £
                o
                ot
o
y
4)
"

m CM
l-l H
vn f*1*
1 . !
H^ \O

•o
o
41
a
1
t-i
4)
+J
O
z
l-l
z
h-4
Ed
SB
4>
,C
*J

*>
eo
>•/
.C
4J Cj
C >. 3
C !0 O
z a SB

CM CM 01
l-l H i-l

1 H r-t
00 1 !
O CM
s~*
"3
-U
•i-l
s
c
lu
"l
1
iw
lu
O
CO
o
l-<
>w^
c
n-l
•^
.1-1
4)
y

^
3
0
•-4
0
0
m
fc

^
1

ure, nib (thousands digit is omitted;
r values less than 500.)
91 O
CO Urf
4)
'- O
o.
o
-^ o
4) O
> r*
4)

*C
CO CO
41
CO
1-4
•c
ib
in
en
i

aO
4)
•O
4T
3
CO
1
4J

^
g
•H
O
a-

^
41
O
O
en
Eb
GO
CO
1

x^
^
^
o
^i
A
91
•o
«-l
2
41
•a
y
.1-1
r*
3
5
u
«w
N^
CO
41
4)
4)
O
CO
41
**

0
^
O
4)
u
^H
*c

*o
g
•1-1
3
0
CM
ib
O
^
l'
CT>
O
•a
4)
4)
a.
9)
«O
1—
^3
ft

jj
CO
-H
CO
y

'O
CM
Eb
^
4)
O
y
CO
4)
§•
cO
a
o
^
o

c
o
.•-<
^J
y

^
u>
H
r-l
Eb

r>»


O
i-i
*^H
•
;

.*
CO
•a
3
O
**4
y









                                                                                                                    o
                                                                                                                    4)
                                                                                                                    O.

                                                                                                                    0)
                                                                                                    o
                                                                                                    •X
                                                              35

-------
     e)  OPTIONS

     This file provides information involving site characteristics and
     user switches for the METPRO run.  All modes require this file, but
     the information read for mode 0 is an abbreviated version of that
     required for the other modes.  The "OPTIONS" file contents a.re
     described in Table 7.

     A single base elevation of the tower or acoustic sounder (i.e., the
local surface where meteorological measurements are taken) is input to
CTDM.  All heights assigned to variables in "PROFILE" and "SURF1" are to
be referenced to this ground surface.

     The hours assigned to data in "SURF2" are at the beginning of each
1-hour period, while those in "PROFILE" and "SURF1" are at the end of
each hour.  "METPRO" expects this 1-hour difference in the times between
"SURF2" and the user-assembled files - "PROFILE" and "SUBtfl".  Since
"SURF2" times are given in standard rather than daylight savings time,
the user-assembed files must also be in standard time if "SURF2" is to
be used by "METPRO".

     The input files required for each of the four execution, modes of
"METPRO" are listed in Table 8.  For mode 0, only on-site data files
("PROFILE" and "SURF1") are required, with a limited amount of
information in the "OPTIONS" file.  Site characteristics for all
directions and all months are not specified for mode 0; only the
(constant) values of surface roughness, albedo, and Boweri ratio are
specified.  Cloud cover is supplied in the "SURF1" file, eliminating the
need for "SURF2".  No convective mixing heights are calculated in mode
0, so there is no need for the "BAWIN" file. '

     In mode 1, the site characteristics (surface roughness, albedo and
Bowen ratio) are given as a function of wind direction and month.  This
information is supplied due to the fact that a variation in upwind fetch
conditions can be accommodated by mode 1, but not mode 0.  Otherwise,
modes 0 and 1 are equivalent.

     For mode 2, cloud cover data is supplied from "SURF2", a file
representing off-site (NWS) weather observations.  (In mode 1, cloud
cover data is supplied in the "SURF1" file.)  Otherwise modes 1 and 2
function the same.

     Mode 3 is the most demanding in terms of file preparation by the
user.  Since convective mixing heights are calculated for contiguous
hours on a daily basis (data for 24-hour blocks must be provided), upper
air data must first be processed using the READ62 utility.  In addition,
all of the files required for mode 2 must be provided.  Mode 3 should be
used for large sequential runs because the convective mixing heights are
critical input values for determining whether daytime hours can be
modeled by CTDM.  For data bases containing only nocturnal hours (no
unstable cases), modes 0, 1, or 2 are adequate.
                                  36

-------
                             TABLE 7
                   CONTENTS OF FILE "OPTIONS"

                    (all data in free format)


Line if                       Description


  1                      •  Mode switch:
                              0, 1, 2, oc 3 (see text)

  2                      •  Site latitude, expressed in degrees
                            and fraction thereof, north is
                            positive  (e.g., 37.5 = 37 deg, 30
                            min)

                         ••  Site longitude, expressed in
                            degrees and fraction thereof, west
                            is positive

                         •  Time zone:  number of hours behind
                            Greenwich Mean Time of the time
                            standard assigned to the date/time
                            (e.g., Eastern Standard Time = 5,
                            Central Standard Time = 6, Eastern
                            Daylight Time = 4)

                            If mode = 0, add three variables to
                            this line in free format,
                            applicable for the upwind fetch for
                            this entire case run:

                         •  surface roughness length, meters

                         •  albedo  (ignored at night)

                         •  Bowen ratio (ignored at night)
The following additional lines are required for modes 1, 2 and
3, in free format:
                                 37

-------
                       TABLE. 7 (Continued)
Line #                       Description

   3          Number of direction sectors (NSEC) for specifying
              site characteristics (surface roughness, albedo
              and Bowen ratio), maximum of 3

Next NSEC     Lower limit of wind direction in this
lines         sector (in whole degrees);

              Upper limit of wind direction in this sector (in
              whole degrees); if crossing 360* in this sector,
              the "lower" limit will be higher than the "upper"
              limit

Next 3*NSEC   For each sector (in the order
lines         specified above), there are three
              lines of data values, for surface
              roughness (m), albedo, and Bowen
              ratio, respectively.  Each line has
              twelve values, corresponding to the months of
              January through December.
                                 38

-------
                             TABLE  8
              INPUT FILES REQUIRED FOR METPRO RUNS
                          SURF1     SURF2     RAWIN     OPTIONS
                            X                              *
                            X                              X
                            XX                    X  »
                            XXX          X
*A simplified version of the "OPTIONS" file is adequate for
 Mode 0 execution.
Execution
Mode
0
1
2
3

PROFILE
X
X
X
X
                                 39

-------
     Default input/output unit numbers have been assigned to the input
files mentioned above:

          Unit 5:  Options input file ("OPTIONS", see Table 7);
          Unit 9:  "RAWIM" input file (Figure 9);
          Unit 10: "SURF1" input file (Table 5);
          Unit 11: "SURF2" input file (Table 6);
          Unit 12: "PROFILE" input file (Table 4).

If necessary, the default I/O unit assignments can be easily changed by
altering a single line of code (per unit number) near the beginning of
the main program.                                        '•

4.2  Output Files

     Two output files are created by METPRO:  an output listing that
confirms the information read in via the "OPTIONS" file, and a "SURFACE"
file that is used directly by CTDM.  The format of the "SURFACE" file is
given in Table 9.

     In execution modes 0, 1 and 2, calculated mixed layer heights for
convective conditions are not provided (a -999. is written to the
"SURFACE" file).  If neither observed or calculated mixed layer heights
are available, an effectively unlimited value is assumed.  A warning
message for execution modes 0, 1, and 2 is written to "OUTPUT" notifying
users that calculated mixed layer heights for unstable conditions are
missing.

     Default input/output unit numbers have been assigned to these two
files as follows:

     •    Unit 6:  "OUTPUT" file (see example in Appendix D),
     •    Unit 7:  "SURFACE" file  (Table 9).

     If necessary, these unit assignments can be altered near the
beginning of the main program.
                                              •
4.3  Determination of Site Characteristics

     Input to METPRO includes the specification of surface roughness
length, albedo, and Bowen ratio for each month of the year and for up to
eight user-specified direction sectors surrounding the source location.
A discussion is provided in this section on the determination of the
values of these input variables as a function of season and land use
type.  In operational practice for each upwind direction sector, the
user should determine the percentage coverage by each land use type and
calculate the resulting input value as a weighted average.

     Suggested input values for surface roughness length  (Shieh et al.,
1979) and albedo  (Iqbal, 1983) as  a function of  land use type and season
are given in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.  Further information
regarding albedo  for specific ground covers is given by Xqba.1  (1983).
                                   40

-------
                         TABLE 9

                CONTENTS OF FILE "SURFACE"


   Each hour's data consists of one line, with variables in
free format.  This file is written by METPRO for input to CTDM.


   VARIABLE                  DESCRIPTION

     YR                      Year

     MO                      Month

     DY      -                Day of month

     JUL                     Julian day

     HR                      Hour (at the end of the period)

     ZIOBS                   Observed mixed layer height above
                                  the ground (meters)  from on-site
                                  measurements (from "SURF1")

     ZIPRE                   Calculated mixed layer height above
                                  the ground (meters)  from surface
                                  variables (and upper air data
                                  if mode - 3)

     USTAR                   Surface friction velocity, m/sec

     L                       Monin-Obukhov length, meters

     ZO                      Surface roughness length, meters

-------
                               TABLE 10

     SURFACE ROUGHNESS LENGTH,  METERS, FOR LAND-USE TYPES AND SRASONS
     LAND-USE TYPE

1. WATER (FRESH WATER
     AND SEA WATER)

2. DECIDUOUS FOREST

3. CONIFEROUS FOREST

4. SWAMP

5. CULTIVATED LAND

6. GRASSLAND

7. URBAN

8. DESERT SHRUBLAND
SPRING
0.0001
1.00
1.30
0.20
0.03
0.05
1.00
0.30
SUMMER
0.0001
1.30
1.30
0.20
0.20
0.10
1.00
0.30
AUTUMN
0.0001
0.80
1.30
0.20
0.05
0.01
1.00
0.30
WINTER
0.0001
0.50
1.30
0.05
0.01
0.001
1.00
0.15
 DEFINITIONS OF SEASONS:
        "Spring" refers to periods when vegetation is emerging or
        partially green.  This is a transitional situation  that applies
        for 1-2 months after the last killing frost in spring.

        "Slimmer" applies to the period when vegetation is lush and
        healthy, typical of midsummer, but also of other seasons where
        frost is less common.

        "Autumn1 refers to a period when freezing conditions  are common,
        deciduous trees are leafless, crops are not yet planted or are
        already harvested (bare soil exposed), grass surf aices are
        brown, and no snow is present.

        "Winter" conditions apply for snow-covered surfaces and
        subfreezing temperatures.
                                    42

-------
SPRING
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.14
0.30
SUMMER
0.10
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.28
AUTUMN
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.18
0.28
WINTER**
0.20
0.50
0.35
0.30
0.60
0.60
0.35
0.45
                               TABLE 11

     ALBEDO* OF NATURAL GROUND COVERS FOR LAND-USE TYPES AND SEASONS
     LAND-USE TYPE

1. WATER (FRESH WATER
     AND SEA WATER)

2. DECIDUOUS FOREST

3. CONIFEROUS FOREST

4. SWAMP

5. CULTIVATED LAND

6. GRASSLAND

7. URBAN

8. DESERT SHRUBLAND


 *   Also see Iqbal (1983) for specific crops or ground covers.

**   Winter albedo depends upon whether a snow cover is present
     continuously, intermittently, or seldom.  Albedo ranges from
     about 0.30 for bare snow cover to about 0.65 for continuous cover.


 DEFINITIONS OF SEASONS:

        •Spring" refers to periods when vegetation is emerging or
        partially green.  This is a transitional situation that applies
        for 1-2 months after the last killing frost in spring.

        "Summer" applies to the period when vegetation is lush and
        healthy, typical of midsummer, but also of other seasons where
        frost is less common.

        "Autumn1 refers to a period when freezing conditions are common,
        deciduous trees are leafless, crops are not yet planted or are
        already harvested (bare soil exposed), grass surfaces are
        brown, and no snow is present.
                                             r
        "Winter" conditions apply for snow-covered surfaces and
        subfreezing temperatures.
                                    43

-------
     Suggested input values for Bowen ratio are given in Tables 12, 13,
and 14 for "dry", "normally moist", and "wet" periods, respectively, as
a function of land use type and season (adopted from Montieth, 1976 and
Oke, 1978).  The determination of the monthly moisture conditions can
come from one of at least two sources, both available from the NOAA/USDA
Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (USDA South Building, Room 5844,
Washington, D.C. 20250; (202)-447-7917):

     •    Crop Moisture maps (available April through October; see
          Figure 10), and
     •    Percentage of Normal Precipitation maps (also available in
          Monthly Weather Review; see Figure 11).

     Dry, wet, and average moisture areas can easily be determined from
the Crop Moisture map (Figure 10).  The bottom of Figure 10 shows the
crop moisture index with good spatial resolution.  Values: of the index
of 2 or higher are clearly in the "wet" category, while those of -2 or
lower are in the "dry" category; "normally moist" is assigned values
from -1 to +1.  If the crop moisture maps are not available, then
percentage of normal rainfall maps (Figure 11) can be used as a
substitute.  Areas with less than 50% of normal rainfall can be defined
as "dry" (see Flynn and Griffiths, 1980), while areas with more than
200% or normal rainfall should be classified as "wet".
                                 44

-------
SPRING
0.1
1.5
1.5
0.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
SUMMER
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.2
1.5
2.0
4.0
6.0
AUTUMN
0.1
2.0
1.5
0.2
2.0
2.0
4.0
10.0
WINTER**
2.0***
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
                               TABLE 12
           BOWEN RATIOS*  (H/LE) FOR LAND-USE TYPES AND SEASONS
                            (DRY CONDITIONS)
     LAND-USE TYPE
1. WATER (FRESH WATER
     AND SEA WATER)
2. DECIDUOUS FOREST
3. CONIFEROUS FOREST
4. SWAMP
5. CULTIVATED LAND
6. GRASSLAND
7. URBAN
8. DESERT SHRUBLAND
   *  The suggested Bowen ratios listed are typical values appropriate
      for daytime use.
  **  Winter Bowen ratios depend upon whether a snow cover is present
      continuously, intermittently/ or seldom.  Bowen ratios range  from
      the value listed for autumn for rare snow covers to the value
      listed for winter for a continuous snow cover.
 ***  This value applies if the water body is frozen over.

 DEFINITIONS OF SEASONS:
        "Spring" refers to periods when vegetation is emerging or
        partially green.  This is a transitional situation that applies
        for 1-2 months after the last killing frost in spring.
        "Summer" applies to the period when vegetation is lush and
        healthy, typical of midsummer, but also of other seasons where
        frost is less common.
        "Autumn1 refers to a period when free'zing conditions are common,
        deciduous trees are leafless, crops are not yet planted or  are
        already harvested (bare soil exposed), grass surfaces are
        brown, and no snow is present.
        "Winter" conditions apply for snow-covered surfaces and
        subfreezing temperatures.
                                    45

-------
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
3.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.8
2.0
4.0
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.7
1.0
2.0
6.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.0
                               TABLE 13

           BOWEN RATIOS*  (H/LE) FOR LAND-USE TYPES AND SEASONS

                      (AVERAGE MOISTURE CONDITIONS)


     LAND-USE TYPE        SPRING       SUMMER      AUTUMN      WINTER**

1. WATER (FRESH WATER       0.1          0.1         0.1          1.5***
     AND SEA WATER)

2. DECIDUOUS FOREST

3. CONIFEROUS FOREST

4. SWAMP

5. CULTIVATED LAND

6. GRASSLAND

7. URBAN

8. DESERT SHRUBLAND


   *  The suggested Bowen ratios listed are typical values appropriate
      for daytime use.

  **  Winter Bowen ratios depend upon whether a snow cover is present
      continuously, intermittently, or seldom.  Bowen ratios range from
      the value listed for autumn for rare snow covers to the value
      listed for winter for a continuous snow cover.

 ***  This value applies if the water body is frozen over.


. DEFINITIONS OF SEASONS:

        "Spring" refers to periods when vegetation is emerging or
        partially green.  This is a transitional situation that applies
        for 1-2 months after the last killing frost in spring.

        ••Summer" applies to the period when vegetation is lush and
        healthy, typical of midsummer, but also of other seasons  where
        frost is less common.

        "Autumn1 refers to a period when freezing conditions are  common,
        deciduous trees are leafless, crops are not yet planted or are
        already harvested (bare soil exposed), grass surfaces are
        brown, and no snow is present.

        "Winter" conditions apply for snow-covered surfaces and
        subfreezing temperatures.
                                   46

-------
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
1.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.0
                                 TABLE 14

            BOWEN RATIOS*  (H/LE) FOR LAND-USE TYPES AND SEASONS

                             (WET CONDITIONS)


     LAND-USE TYPE        SPRING       SUMMER      AUTUMN      WINTER**

1. WATER (FRESH WATER       0.1          0.1         0.1         0.3***
     AND SEA WATER)

2. DECIDUOUS FOREST

3. CONIFEROUS FOREST

4. SWAMP

5. CULTIVATED LAND

6. GRASSLAND

7. URBAN

8. DESERT SHRUBLAND


   *  The suggested Bowen ratios listed are typical values appropriate
      for daytime, use.

  **  Winter Bowen ratios depend upon whether a snow cover is present
      continuously, intermittently, or seldom.  Bowen ratios range  from
      the value listed for autumn for rare snow covers to the value
      listed for winter for a continuous snow cover.

 ***  This value applies if the water body is frozen over.


 DEFINITIONS OF SEASONS:

        "Spring" refers to periods when vegetation is emerging or
        partially green.  This is a transitional situation that  applies
        for 1-2 months after the last killing frost in spring.

        "Summer" applies to the period when vegetation is lush and
        healthy, typical of midsummer, but also of other seasons where
        frost is less common.

        "Autumn1 refers to a period when freezing conditions are common,
        deciduous trees are leafless, crops are not yet planted  or  are
        already harvested (bare soil exposed), grass surfaces are
        brown, and no snow is present.

        "Winter" conditions apply for snow-covered surfaces and
        subfreezing temperatures.

-------
                                   CROP MOISTURE
               (SHORT TERM. CROP-NEED VS. AVAILABLE WATER IN 5-FT. SOIL PROFILE)
                                      Sapt 6. 1986
                                                                        «   J  >
u»«mui»...««f m • imxcuu n
!~_nB om mei ta nuu TO iBua TO vat at xmata.
PMH A S*IQOV M0VTLI* Oft POH CDOt XUJOV QDM OOTHB T^D	
ran ui inuam ULO> UPR at. a a not anuu natcum
                                                                JOINT WIIIOLTUM1. WEATHER FACILITY
                              CROP  MOISTURE  INDEX  BY  DIVISION
                         CSHORT TERM. CROP NEED VS. AVAIUkBLE WATER IN S-TT,  SOIL PDOTILE}
 •OO MCM«««0 OH 010 HOT

  M«0f 1 liaMMMT WIT. MM ndM >IMM»
  t T« I TM «T. MM ITUWM •«••
                tmttmmu. MOO
               MT ITU I0« MT
                                                 •« TC -• TO* K». T«t» MMW«» MMM*
                                                           TW.M HnMkT cur «
   Figure  10.    Example of crop  moisture maps  available  weekly from the

                   NOAA/USDA Joint  Agricultural Weather Facility.
                                             48

-------
                       TOTAL PRECIPITATION.  INCHES.

                                   AUGUST 1986
                                       WAA/USDA JOINT AGRICULTURAL HEATHER FACILITY
                  PERCENTAGE  OF  NORMAL PRECIPITATION

                                   AUGUST 1986
                                        SHADED AREAS I OCX

                                        NOAA/USOA JOIKT AGRICULTURAL UEATKR FACILITY •—
Figure 11.    Example of precipitation maps available both  weekly and
              monthly from the NOAA/USDA Joint Agricultural Weather
              Facility.
                                     49

-------
                                REFERENCES
Businger, J.A. 1973.  Turbulent Transfer in the Atmospheric Surface
     Layer.  Chapter 2 in Workshop on Micrometeorology.  D.A. Haugen
     (ed.).  American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, Boston, MA.

Carson, D.J. 1973.  The Development of a Dry Inversion - Capped
     Convectively Unstable Boundary Layer.  Quart. J.R. Meteorol. Soc..
     99: 450-467.

Coulson, K.L., and D.W. Reynolds 1971.  The Spectral Reflectance of
     Natural Surfaces.  J. APP!. Meteor.. 18: 1495-1295.

Deardorff, J.W. 1980.  Progress in Understanding Entrainment at the Top
     of a Mixed Layer,  pp 36-66 in Workshop on the Planetary Boundary
     Layer J.C. Wyngaard (ed.).  American Meteorological Society,
     Boston, MA.

Flynn, M.S. and J.F. Griffiths, 1980.  Variations in Precipitation
     Parameters between Drought and Nondrought Periods in Texas and Some
     Implications for Cloud Seeding.  J. APP!. Met.. 19: 1363-1370.

Hanna, S.R., C.L. Burkhart, and R.J. Paine 1985.  Mixing Height
     Uncertainties.  Presented at the Seventh Symposium on Turbulence
     and Diffusion, Boulder, CO.  American Meteorological Society, 45
     Beacon Street, Boston, MA.

Hanna, S.R., J.C. Weil, and R.J. Paine, 1986.  Plume Model Development
     and Evaluation - Hybrid Approach EPRI Contract No. RP-1616-27.
     Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.

HoItslag, A.A.M. and A.P. Van Ulden 1983.  A Simple Scheme for Daytime
     Estimates of the Surface Fluxes from Routine Weather Data.  J_._
     Climate APPI. Meteor.. 22: 517-529.

Iqbal, M. 1983.  An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press,
     p 286.

Izumi, Y. and J.S. Caughey, 1976.  Minnesota 1973 Atmospheric Boundary
     Layer Experiment Data Report.  AFCRL-TR-76-0038.  Air Force
     Cambridge Research Laboratories, Hanscom AFB, MA.

Izumi, Y. 1971:  Kansas 1968 Field Program Data Report, AFCRL-72-0041,
     27 Dec. 1971, Environmental Research Paper No. 379, Meteor. Lab
     Proj. No. 7655, Bedford, MA.

Jackson, N.A. 1976.  The Propagation of Modified Flow Downstream of a
     Change in Roughness.  Q.J. Roy. Met. Soc.. 102; 924 .
                                     50

-------
                           REFERENCES (Continued)
 Kantha,  L.H.,  O.M.  Phillips,  and R.S.  Azod 1977.   On Turbulent
      Entrainment at a Stable  Density Interface.   J.  Fluid Mech...37:
      643-655.

 Kasten,  F.  arid G. Czeplak 1980.   Solar and Terrestrial Radiation
      Dependent on the Amount  and Type of Cloud.   Solar Energy. 24;
      177-189.

 Kato,  H.  and O.M. Phillips 1969.   On the Penetration of a Turbulent
      Layer  into a Stratified  Fluid.   J.  Fluid Kech.. 3_7:  643-655.

 Lo,  A.K.  and G.A. McBean 1978.   On the Relative  Errors in Methods  of
      Flux Calculations.   J. APP!. Meteor.. 17.: 1704-1711.

 Lumley,  J.L. and H.A.  Panofsky  1964.  The Structure  of
      Atmospheric Turbulence.  Wiley, New York.

 Malcher,  J. and H.  Kraus 1983.   Low-Level Jet Phenomena Described  by  an
      Integrated Dynamic  PBL Model.  Boundary Layer Meteor..  27;  327-343.

 Monin, A.S. and A.M.  Obukhov, 1954.   Basic Regularity in Turbulent
      Mixing in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere.   Tr.  Geofiz. Inst..
      Akad.  Nauk. SSSR. Sb. Statei. 4:  163-167.

 Montieth, J.L., 1976.  Vegetation and the Atmosphere - Volume 2:   Case
      Studies.   Academic  Press.   New York.

 Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.  1981.  The Steady-State Height and Resistance Laws of
      the Nocturnal Boundary Layer:  Theory Compared  with Cabauw
      Observations.   Boundary  Layer Meteor.. 20;  3-17.

 Oke, T.R. 1978.  Boundary Layer Climates.  John  Wiley & Sons, New  York.

 Randerson,  D.  1984.  Atmospheric Boundary Layer.   Chapter 5  in
      Atmospheric Science and  Power Production (D. Randerson, editor).
      DOE/TIC-27601 (DE84005177).   Office of Scientific and Technical
      Information.  U.S.  Department of Energy.

 Raynor,  G.S.,  S. Sethuraman,  and R.M.  Brown 1979. Formation and
      Characteristics of  Coastal Internal Boundary Layers during Onshore
      Flows.  Boundary Layer Meteor.. 16_: 487-514.
                                             t
'Schubert, J.F.  1977.   Acoustic  Detection of a Momentum Transfer During
      the Abrupt Transition from a Laminar to a Turbulent Atmospheric
      Boundary  Layer.   J. Appl.  Meteor..  16; 1292-1297.

 Sheih, C.M., M.L. Wesely,  and B.B. Hicks, 1979.   Estimated Dry
      Deposition Velocities of Sulfur over the Eastern United States and
      Surrounding Regions.   Atmos. Environ.. 3_: 361-368.
                                    51

-------
                          REFERENCES (Continued)
Tennekes, H. 1973.  A Model for the Dynamics of the Inversion above a
     Convective Boundary Layer.  J. Atmos Sci.. 30; 558-368.

Thorpe, A., J. and T.H. Guymer 1977.  The Nocturnal Jet.  Quart. J. Roy.
     Meteor. Soe.. 103; 633-653.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1986.  Guidelines on Air Quality
  .   Models (Revised).  EPA-450/2-78-027R.  July 1986.  Office of Air
     Quality Planning and Standards.  Research Triangle Park, NO.

Venkatram, A. 1980.  Estimating the Monin-Obukhov Length in the Stable
     Boundary Layer for Dispersion Calculations.  Boundary Layer
     Meteor.. 19: 481-485.

Weil, J.C. and R.P. Brower 1983.  Estimating Convective Boundary Layer
     Parameters for Diffusion Applications, Draft Report Prepared by
     Environmental Center, Martin Marietta Corp., for Maryland Dept. of
     Natural Resources.

Yamada, T. and Mellor 1975.  A Simulation of the Wangara Atmospheric
     Boundary Layer Data.  J. Atmos. Sci.. 32; 2309-2329.

Zilitinkevich, S.S. 1972.  On the Determination of the Height of the
     Ekman Boundary Layer.  Boundary Layer Meteor.. 3_: 141-145.
                                   52

-------
          APPENDIX A
     TESTS OF METPRO USING
KANSAS AND MINNESOTA FIELD DATA
                    53

-------
                                APPENDIX A

           TESTS OF METPRO USING KANSAS AND MINNESOTA FIELD DATA

     To test the METPRO parameterizations of surface boundary layer
variables, observations of the friction velocity and the 'surface heat
flux were analyzed from early boundary layer research experiments at
Kansas in 1968  (Izumi, 1971) and at Minnesota in 1973 (Izumi and
Caughey, 1976).  The heat fluxes from the Kansas and Minnesota
experiments were determined by covariance measurements.  The friction
velocity was determined by the covariance method at Minnesota and by
drag plate measurements at Kansas.  The roughness heights used for the
various sites were: 0.0016 m for Minnesota (Weil-Brower, 1983), and
0.024 m for Kansas (Izumi, 1971).

     The Kansas experiment was conducted during the summer of 1968 in an
extremely flat area of farm land in southwest Kansas.  The experiment
area was dry and covered with wheat stubble about 18 cm high..  A 32-m
meteorological tower featured fast-response instruments for direct
measurements of heat and momentum fluxes as well as slow-response
instruments to measure vertical profiles of wind speed and temperature.
A total of 32 case hours are available for analysis.

     For daytime hours, the HoItslag-van Ulden method was used to derive
estimates of u* and L, while at night, the Weil-Brower method was
used.  The sensitivity of the results to the use of off-site rather than
on-site measurements of wind speed and insolation was tested.  Changes
in the value of the Bowen ratio were also tested.

     Figure A-l shows the u* comparison at Kansas with on-site
meteorology, and Figure A-2 gives the results for off-site data.  Most
of the deterioration of estimation accuracy is due to the off-site wind
speeds, rather than insolation (as revealed by additional comparisons
not shown here).  Sensitivity runs with different Bowen ratio values
yielded insignificant changes in the results.

     The results of the estimation of daytime and nighttime
Monin-Obukhov length (using both on-site and off-site meteorology) are
shown in Figures A-3 to A-6.  The use of off-site meteorology at night
leads to a substantially worse agreement, mostly due to the off-site
wind speeds used.

     In September 1973, a second series of experiments was conducted
over a flat site in northwestern Minnesota.  These experiments utilized
meteorological measurements similar to those taken in Kansas, but only
daytime periods were studied (11 case-hours in all).  Results of the
comparison of estimated to observed values of u* and L were
qualitatively similar.  Table A-l summarizes the comparisons of
estimated and observed u* and L values at the Kansas and Minnesota
sites.
                                  54

-------
                                                                   I



                                                                  0)
                                                                  Li
                                                     5
(H)
         55  '

-------
   SI
56

-------
                                                                     tn
                                                                     i
                                                                     u


                                                                     90
                                                                     •t-l
                                                                     Eb
(W)
        57

-------
                                                      i


                                                      as
                                                      w
(HI
    58

-------
                                                                                           I

                                                                                           !
                                                                                           §
                                                                                           R

                                                                                           3
                                                                                           *
                                                                                           X
                                                                     in
                                                                                                          HO
i       i
                             I   I     T   t   I
S  5   *    ft
                                                  Q3i3IQ3bd
                                                   59

-------
                                                           i
                                                           1
                                                          • S
                                                          -s
                                                          •I
I    !
IK   551   *
                              (HI
                                 60

-------













w
Del
3 » .
j H
5 W
^
8 §
c w
u
CO O
X -
« b
u
5 "c
jj .2
ca o
-J •»*
£ i£
'-i 4)
o o
cj u


CO
w
"2
0
CO
%
r-» -•»
oo >o oo ^ CM o ^o
ON m o> \o se o» o
O O 0 O O O O







CM CM CM r* CT> CM CM
CO CO CO r*4 T"^ r^ r^


\O r*.
•^ O^
0 0

0 O

m r*
in m
O» CO
o o







r-l t-l
l-l l-l




00
•
00

^
I-(
0>
d







r-t
i-l


•«•
.
*^
CM
rH

\O
CM
l-l
d







r-t
l—t


                                                                                                                                      ffl
                                                                                                                                     4J
                                                                                                                                      a
                                                                                                                                      o
                                                                                                                                      u
                                                                                                                                     •o
                                                                                                                                      i
                                                                                                                                     z

Ed
I
^
Z
H
CO
Eh


2

CO
p-4

i
o






<
M
Z
M
'H
^
^M

Q
j2
«;

•K
3
i.
O







/NiRht
^
eg
o
so
Z
•o
eg

X
CO
0



eg
-u
«
o

4J
4)

4)
4->

CO
j
5

U
4)
*)
to
Sd
ca
b


•K
3


SO
•0
eg

eg
a



4)
4J
.^4
m
i

«w
O



•K
3


10
Z
eg

s»
eg
o.


•X
*
4)
4J-
.r-l
ca
i
£



•K
3




>»
O




4)

nH
CO
1
5




-J



4: ~
>. 00 90
a z z



4) 4)
JJ 4) *J
•^ ^) »r4
ca "4 ca
i ca i
IM i *4-l
O O O




J J J




« fl
a a



4)

^ *p4
•^4 01
CO i
t ^
C§ 0



•K -K
3 3




X
a
Q




3)
*^
-H
M
i
5




j




a
a



4)
•+J
•H
91
|
UB|
O




J


                                                                                                                                      I
                                                                                                                                      C
                                                                                                                                      O
                                                                                                                                OT    a
                                                                                                                                U   -4
                                                                                                                                «    C
                                                                                                                                J    W
                                                                                                                                «    c
                                                                                                                                C    4)
                                                                                                                                jj


                                                                                                                                OS
                                                                                                                                'J

                                                                                                                                91

                                                                                                                                g

                                                                                                                                C
                                                                                                           'SI

                                                                                                           lw


                                                                                                           O
                                                                                                           91
                                                                                                           •C
 4)
-i->
•r^
CO
                                     01
                                     CO
                                     (0
                                                        O
                                                        W
                                                        9)
                                                                                                                                CO
                                                                                                                                3   O
                                                                   61

-------
              APPENDIX B
             EXCERPTS  FROM
 "ESTIMATING  CONVECTIVE  BOUNDARY  LAYER
PARAMETERS FOR DIFFUSION APPLICATIONS"

    by J. C.  Weil and R. P.  Brower
                    62

-------
             III.  OONVECTIVE BOUNDARY  LAYER  HEIGHT

                   A.  MODIFIED  CARSON  MODEL

     We now consider the evolution of the height and potential
temperature of the CBL, which is capped by a  relatively  thin
interfacial layer separating it  from the stable air aloft.
Stable air is entrained into the interfacial  layer, as a result
of vertical mixing due to thermals penetrating the top of the
CBL.  As noted earlier, within the mixed layer (z > G.lh), the
potential temperature 9 and wind speed  u are  relatively  uniform,
but in the interfacial layer, they rapidly adjust with height
to their values in the overlying stable air.
     Carson (1973) simplifies the modeling of boundary layer
evolution by ignoring radiation, latent heat  effects, and
advection of energy.  He includes the effects of time-dependent
surface heating, capping layer stability, large-scale air sub-
sidence, and any degree of turbulent interfacial mixing.  Carson
idealizes the potential temperature distribution by assuming
it to be uniform with z within the CBL, to undergo a step change
A9n at the top of the CBL (z » h), and to vary linearly
with z in the overlying stable air.  He also considers the
stable air as comprising 3 or so vertical layers, each with a
different lapse rate, instead of as a single stable layer.
     We have modifed Carson's model by:  first, and most
importantly, permitting the elevated stable layer to.have an
arbitrary temperature distribution with z (i.e., an infinite
number of vertical layers), which is more realistic than a
linear variation in z; second, allowing for surface stress-
induced (mechanical)  mixing, which can be important in the
early morning hours when the heat flux  is low; and third,
neglecting subsidence.  In the following discussion, we assume
                                 63

-------
that convective and mechanical mixing are independent of one
another, and, as a simplifying measure, we also assume  that
when one of these mixing modes is operative the other is not.
Figure 5 shows the assumed potential temperature distribution
where the solid curve is the initial temperature profile, Qs(z)f
and the dashed curve is the profile at a later time t.  The
"overshoot" a is a measure of the degree of en trainmen t or
interfacial mixing and is a function of time as are the mixed-
layer temperature and height, 9C and h, respectively, and
the temperature jump A9fc.  When there is no overshoot, A9h=0,
and the mixed-layer only "encroaches" on the elevated stable
layer.
     The general relationships for boundary layer evolution are
given first and apply either for convective or mechanical mixing
at z * h; the relationships follow generally from Carson.  The
energy equation for the mixed layer is
                  dis , ,  1     3Q                           (12)
                  dt      p0cp   32
where Q is the turbulent heat flux in the vertical direction.
The invariance *of 9C with height means that 3Q/3z is
independent of height, and therefore
                    3Q m _ Q0(t)  . Qh(t)                       (13)
                   "Tz           h
where subscripts o and h denote surface and z * h, respectively.
As shown by Carson, the heat flux Qn into the mixed layer from
above can be obtained by integrating the  energy equation (with
d9c/dt replaced by de/dt) across the temperature discontinuity.
The result is
which is Carson's Eq. (12) with the subsidence velocity, w(h),
set equal to zero.  A final relationship needed for the analysis

-------
                                           0SU>, initial profile
Figure 5.
Schematic of idealized potential temperature
distribution in  the convective boundary layer.
                              65

-------
comes from the assumed temperature distribution  (Fig.  5).   As
can be seen, the change in the mixed-layer temperature,
A9c(t) = 9c(t) - ec(0), is
                        ( h
                A9C *   I  Y(n)dn - A9n                      (IS)
                        J 0 '
where Y is the slope of the initial temperature  distribution,
Y * d9s/dz.  The temperature jump A9n is given by

                   AQh -  1   Y(n)dn                         (16)

and can be approximated by
                        A9n * Y(k)
-------
COnvectively Induced Entrainment

     The heat flux into the boundary  layer  as  a  result  of
entrainment at its top is assumed to  be proportional  to the
surface heat flux :
                        Qh(t) - -AQ0(t)                     (21)
where A is a constant (Carson/ 1973).  The  solution to  Cq.  (20),
with a and h » 0 at t » O/ is then the same as given  by Carson:
                           a - Xh                           (22)
where                       • '
                           X  -   A   .                     (23)
                                T+2A
In the following discussion, A is taken as  0.2 (Deardorff,
1980).
     To find h and A9C as functions of time/ we substitute  '
Eqs. (21) to (23) into Eq.'(18), which yields
                   Y(h)hdh - (H-2A)  °    dt .              (24)
Both sides of this equation can be integrated/ the left-hand
side (Ihs) by parts/ with the result
                ih               ft
                  Qgdn - (1+2A) J   Q
-------
Mechanically  Induced  Entrainment

      In the case of entrainment resulting  from  surface shear
stress, the only heat flux entering  the  boundary  layer is  at the
top,  i.e., Qo = 0.  The solution to  Eq.  (20), with  h
                      0
h29g(h) - 2 J0 nesdn » ^a ^2 \   ,^3 Hr             (30)
                                 68

-------
This equation gives the dependence of h on t, where the  Ihs  is
found from integration of the initial potential temperature
profile.  The temperature change is found by substituting Egs.
(17) and (27) into Eq. (IS), which results in
9(h) - O(0) -
                                                               (31)
     In situations where both convective and mechanical mixing
occur at z = h (the usual case), we assume that the stronger
mixing mode dominates; thus we choose the larger of the h
predictions from Eqs. (25) and (30).
                                 69

-------
   APPENDIX C
READ62 TEST CASE
         70

-------
                                APPENDIX C
                             READ62 TEST CASE
The test case shown here consists of two input files and two output
files:
      File Name
Content
References
      OPT62        Input options                Figure C-l
      TD6201       "Raw" upper air input data   Figure C-2
      OUTPUT       Verification of input;       Figure C-3
                   listing of soundings
                     processed
      RAWIN        Processed upper air data;    Figure C-4
                   used by METPRO
                                   71

-------
84 001 00 84  005 12  500
1111
        Figure C-l.    Input options file for READ62 ("OPT 62")
                                  72

-------
000147354245N07348W19840101000790000010239+00086-07004518000300000000000410180+0
400000010001409780+00443-07604624800500000020001909570+00612-0630412710070000002
-07603228801000000020003509000+01091-06003229301200000030003708930+01152-0550332
408000+02014-06202328801300000030008107500+02518-07502127601400000030008707330+0
600000010011506500+03619-12702126701900000030012306290+03870-1350192670200000002
-19401926301800000030015605480+04906-19601926301800000020016905170+05336-2290552
404820+05347-25303527101600000020019404610+06169-26805727601600000020019904500+0
800000010024203690+07738-39403525501800000020025403500+08101-4219992630180000003
-54899922902400000040033102500+10299-53899922003200000010038902000+11734-5359992
501740+12624-56799924403100000020044801600+13158-55299924603300000020046601500+1
300000020050701250+14715-59899925203100000030056101000+16100-6269992550320000001
-63299926901900000010065900650+18756-60499926002000000020067400600+19253-6199992
500400+21736-63199927202200000030078400370+22217-62199926802300000020081900310+2
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999939999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840101120790000010252+00086-07005735000200000000000410130+0
500000010001209810+00430-06406334500600000020001909500+00680-0840833510070000003
-10109034400800000030004708500+01537-11909732100800000010004908450+01582-1200973
308350+01674-06409831100800000020006308000+02008-07508430600800000030006507940+0
700000020007907510+02501-05801933500700000020007907500+02512-0580193350070000003
-11202230301000000020011306500+03621-11903330201000000030011806380+03763-1330542
206000+04229-16004229401000000030013805850+04419-18004829601000000020014705620+0
000000030017005000+05579-24401929201300000010019204500+06338-3030192950120000003
-44199929301400000030026803100+08877-50599928401300000020027403000+09091-5119992
202500+10266-54199925902200000010033902180+11148-52599926201800000020035602020+1
300000010036301950+11867-51099925002300000020037701830+12278-5329992500230000002
-54199926602600000010041701460+13731-52199926702500000020044001250+14723-5829992
701000+16109-62799926802300000010049600890+16826-63699927302-400000020051300800+1
200000020053300700+13304-64699926802100000010055400600+19249-6339992710230000003
-63299927202100000010061300400+21746-63299927502600000030065600300+23513-6349992
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840102000790000010273+00086-06006530000300000000000410190+0
200000010002409500+00696-08606715600300000030003309220+00928-0960661630050000002
-12607416500300000020004908710+01364-11104916300200000020005308610+01453-0650191
208040+01990-04002028100200000020007308000+02029-04102028200200000030009107500+0
400000010013306500+03651-10802128900600000030013706440+03722-1130222880060000002
-13703129801300000030023105000+05619-23203730401500000010027104500+06381-2940402
803800+07563-39604629802400000020037103500+08123-44099929802600000030043503000+0
300000040053402310+10796-57799929002700000020053902290+10851-5499992890250000002
-54999926101900000030071101500+13557-55599927102200000010074001410+13953-5419992
301140+15294-61499927302400000020088601000+16103-63499926201700000010100800800+1
900000010110000690+18377-64099999999900000021999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
       Figure C-2.    Raw upper air data (TD-6201  format)  used by READ62
                      ("TD6201").
                                        73

-------
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840102120790000010215+00086-06008917000400000000000310140+0
700000010001309820+00395-07509817900900000020002209500+00653-0800981910100000003
-08509824600900000030004908630+01399-07109827601200000020005308500+01517-0720982
408170+01824-10004727101500000020006608J.30+01862-09308627101500000020006808070+0
600000030008807500+02486-09609225801300000030010807000+03018-1060972440150000001
-11109524801800000030014906090+04088-12708925501700000020015306000+04202-1340892
705500+04858-17908725201900000030020405000+05566-21508124902300000010022904500+0
700000010027403780+07563-38306324503000000020030003500+08091-4219992480350000003
-51599925303700000010037402500+10271-60599925403600000040038402390+10551-6109992
302000+11684-53599925803000000010044401750+12543-53899926002700000030047601500+1
400000020050701260+14644-55199926202500000020050801250+14695-5539992620250000003
-63399926202600000030061600730+18030-63599999999900000021999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245K07348W19840103000790000010140+00086-04507716000300000000000310000+0
300000020001309640+00485-03307326500500000020001609500+00601-0430752740060000003
-08108629001100000030003908720+01269-10109529801300000020004508500+01466-1140953
907740+02185-11409530501300000020007607500+02427-11708430601400000030008107360+0
£00000020009407000+02955-13408030301500000010010106800+03176-1370753010150000002
-16007929601500000030011806350+03693-17307629401500000020012506170+03908-1780662
105500+04756-24106728301600000030016205240+05108-26406428601600000020017205000+0
500000020019004600+06036-33505729101500000020019404500+06190-3480532910150000003
-40799928001700000010025203500+07905-44899925802000000030026403320+08254-4659992
303000+08925-48799925702200000010029702810+09354-50499925302200000040032302500+1
100000010037701940+11785-49399924902100000020039901750+12455-5359992640260000002
-53599926702300000030049701130+15271-53799926102000000020051901000+16045-6019992
300700+18249-64499927102600000010061400600+19196-62799927402600000030062900560+1
900000010066400450+20962-66499927102200000020068400400+21676-6629992720260000003
-66199927302600000030080700200+25882-67199999999900000011999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840103120790000010151+00086-02005030000500000000000410000+0
800000030002809190+00867-09108632601000000020003309000+01029-1000893230120000003
-09808032201100000010004908460+01504-09104032201000000020005108400+01559-0910333
408010+01928-07203832600800000020006408000+01938-07203832600800000030008007500+0
                          Figure C-2.    (Page 2 of 4).

-------
900000020008607380+02563-09103133500800000020010107000+02970-1150293500070000001
-17903135001000000030015005760+04442-19603235001000000'020016105500+04784-2150323
104500+06239-29703136001800000030021404460+06302-30103000101800000020024204000+0
000000020027703500+07980-44399936002000000030029603250+08469-4859993590220000002
-60499935602700000040036002500+10149-60499935402800000010037302340+10566-5609993
302040+11432-55999932701700000020040902000+11558-55499932001700000010042001910+1
400000020043901750+12418-53699929401500000030044401710+12566-5469992960170000002
-53699930301900000010051601280+14429-53699928001700000020052101250+14581-5449992
101000+15993-58599928402300000010061600800+17387-61399928002200000030064400700+1
300000030071000500+20290-61699928002200000010075100400+21670-6269992850240000003
-65199928002600000030086000220+25329-66099928402700000020087200200+25909-6509992
400125+28825-57899926403600000020097100100+30220-61899926104200000010100700076+2
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840104000790000010110+00086-01106315000400000000000310000+0
600000030002209280+00763-06409119500600000020003009010+00993-0780962300060000002
-02807023700700000020004208590+01371-03103124500900000020004408500+01454-0200312
407890+02041-06103623601000000020007107660+02273-05502523701000000020007607500+0
000000020009607000+02976-07202823901000000010011406500+03550-1090312520100000003
-12102926001400000020013406000+04162-12603126001400000030015005670+04592-1440412
205410+04946-16705027801300000020018005000+05534-20104699999900000011999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9

700000020001509500+00527-00506922400900000030001809430+00586-0020672360100000002
-05708327201700000010005708220+01673-03206126502100000020006408000+01887-0430702
407450+02446-07309725102100000020010107000+02930-08909625202300000010011006790+0
500000030012906340+03696-12809325502300000020013806170+03902-1520192620220000002
-16201927103100000020016305650+04566-16203627003300000020017105500+04768-1680352
805000+05479-20605826203700000010022604500+06250-26105725603300000030025804000+0
800000020028703500+08020-40299926103900000030032503000+09049-4889992640390000001
-64899926803500000040042302000+11595-63599927003500000010045401750+12422-6029999
701290+14355-54699999999900000020053401250+14556-55299999999900000030058401000+1
100000030066200700+18188-61399928002400000010069500600+19147-6059992690350000003
-61299927301800000030083900300+23452-63599927202400000010087300250+24575-6249992
100150+27744-61599927403200000030102700100+30253-62499926605000000010105200082+3
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999,999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
                            Figure C-2.   (Page 3 of  4),
                                         75

-------
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9

400000020001409500+00502+00107324000400000030002209240+00724-0210872630060000002
-03409727000600000030004508500+01382-06809627400500000010005508220+01644-0740962
208000+01857-05909626901100000030006407920+01935-06709626901100000020006607880+0
300000020007807500+02360-08604927301300000030009707000+02892-1220552660160000001
-15506925701800000020011306500+03455-15606925601800000030013806000+04058-1670702
005500+04710-19207025402400000030018405000+05412-23906625102700000010020504610+0
700000030023404080+06869-32904924704200000020023904000+07008-3380402470430000001
-41599924404500000030030703000+08954-50799924804300000010034102590+09895-5869992
502360+10477-60899924504200000040040402000+11513-58499924903800000010043901750+1
500000010049201430+13639-55299925402500000020050801340+14052-5709992580240000002
-57499926402500000020058201000+15908-55199927202700000010063400800+17325-5779992
800600+19127-60399927102700000030071300560+19557-60899927202800000020073900500+2
700000030085700300+23436-64099927302400000010089500250+24553-6409992650260000002
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-S
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
000147354245N07348W19840105120790000010012+00086-00108719000200000000000110000+0
300000030002809000+00935-03709426800500000030004408500+01385-0580972770070000001
-09809628300800000020007207500+02358-11108028200800000030007607400+02461-1190712
006500+03439-19409028700900000030010106490+03451-19509128600900000020010606380+0
000000030013505500+04669-25602126601000000030015505000+05353-3000232670110000001
-38903427401100000020019504000+06898-42799925901300000010021603530+07739-4449992
103000+08815-50299924002800000040026902500+10000-52499925002400000010030502000+1
900000030034201620+12794-55199925902100000020034801560+13036-5369992580200000002
-56699927202100000020038601250+14449-55199928202000000030041201090+15328-5319992
000810+17215-60299927001900000020046200800+17292-60199927001900000030048900700+1
900000030054200550+19654-56999999999900000021999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999999999999999
-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-9999999
999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-99999-99999999999999999991999999999-9
                           Figure C-2.    (Page 4  of 4)
                                        76

-------
                    READ62   VERSION  2.0       LEVEL 870731



STARTING DATE:                ENDING  DATE:

               YEAR -   84                   YEAR =•   84
         JULIAN DAY -   1             JULIAN  DAY  -   5
               HOUR -   0                  HOUR  »  12


PRESSURE LEVELS EXTRACTED:

                    SURFACE TO   500. MB


SWITCHES FOR DISCARDING PRESSURE LEVELS:  0-NO, 1-YES

DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF HEIGHT MISSING ?         1

DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF TEMPERATURE  MISSING ?     1

DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF WIND DIRECTION MISSING  ? 1

DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF WIND SPEED MISSING  ?     1



THE FOLLOWING SOUNDINGS HAVE BEEN PROCESSED:

      YEAR   MONTH   DAY   JULIAN DAY  HOUR (GMT)    NO.  LEVELS EXTRACTED

                                                               21
                                                               26
                                                               19  •
                                                               23
                                                               24
                                                               21
                                                               22
                                                 r THE  500.0-MB LEVEL
                                                               22
                                                               23
                                                               16
                   EOF ON INPUT
                   LAST DAY READ -  84  5
84
84
84
84
84
84
84

84
84
84
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOP OF
1
•1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
SOUNDING
4
5
5
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
LISTED ABOVE IS
4
5
5
0
12
0
12
0
12
0
BE:
12
0
12
         Figure C-3.   Output listing provided by READ62 ("OUTPUT")
                                    77

-------
























«•
Al





























a

—
9
•




in
m
po
«•





•a

— — Al —
X X X X X
9 » Po -O -C,
Al Al Al Al A.
X X X X X
4 AI 10 10 pn
m to m » e
•a « .e m m
Al Al Al Al Al
X X XX X
9 » — 10 m
9 e u»0 m
— Ai«n m
X X X X X
a a a e a

po e m A; —



— — — —
X X X X X


Al Al Al Al Al

AI •a e m '«

•A -0 « IT
Al AIAI AIAI
X X X X X



Aim 9

e e e e o

a AI e m 9
o » 0 •« m

— •• ••




— Al Al Al Al


« •a 0 AI m
444 4 m
Al Al Al Al Al

— » » Al O-

— 4 m e 0
— m 9





—



— — AI —
a — 9m 4t>>
c to » to « ja
— Al Al Al Al Al

AI » to Al to O>
•o •a to m 10 •
•a 4 4 -o m 9
AlAl AIAI AIAI
X X X X X X
4 AI AI4 * e

•O — 4 Al IT
— AI 9 m
X X X X X X
9 O O O O O
Sm?SSS
-

X X X X X X
m — -a m «< —
9 A| 0 m » 0
m m pn »n AI pn
X X X X X X
C pn po 9 IT Al
4444 mm
Al Al Al Al Al Al
X X X X XX
pn m c — 4 —
9 m e in toto
— Al Aim 9
X X X X X X


e in o in pn .0


ma e P» o o

X X X X X X




Al — A 9 m Al

4 4 4 4 4 m
AIAI AIAI AIAI
X X X X X X


4 AI e 4 m 4 9
A. — — Aim 9

O 0 0 O O O

e e m m m 0
e » 0 10 4 m

^ — —







m 9 4 m AI >o m
44 •a 4 « m 9
Al Al Al Al Al Al Al

O" 0 to 4 9- 9> O*

— 44 Aim AI m
— AIP" 9 m





—

Al

— — —

4 m m m •** m ^ m

AI « AI m AIO m
4 9 — m m » m
* 4 4 4 4 4 m m
mAIAIAIAIAIAIAI
mxxx xxxx


4 m « o e 0
— Aim« 9
X X X X X X X

— m e m » om e
•*-

XXXX
4 m AIK
m •an m
— — Al Al
XXXX
Al Al AIAI
4 9 O> Al
• 4 AlAl

— Aim
XXXX

e — e 9
mio o 9


AI m AI 4 in

X X X X X


— AI AI m

A| 4 Al 9 e

4444 m
AIAI AIAI Al
X X X X X
to po e — a-



X X X X X


e « o in e


•0

X X X X X

AJ 4 4 0 o»
m — — AI AI


to A| 4 4 9
•a * -a -a m
Al AIAI A, Al




— — m 9
x x x x x




—

e AI

Al Al
9 a 4 4 0 0 9
0m — — AI Ai0
X X X X X
Al 4P* to 4

•a -a •a 4 m
m AI AI AI AI AI m
m x x x x x m

— • Aimm -a —
» 9 m AI
— Al 9
X X X X X

— PO Al — 0 0 —
4- «

» AI m in 0
» 4 — 9 m
po po po 9 m
— Al Al Al AJ
4 4 4 4 in
Al AIAI AIAI
m » Ai0 AI
» a- 4 — e
m m « o AI
— — m 9
x x x x x

AI m pn e o
« 4 — e e


to » mm to m
— — — Al
X X X X X X


— Al AIAI AIAI

m to AI 4 m *»

4 ^ ^ ^ ^ m
Al Al AIAI AIAI

m AI 9 « « -o


— — AI 9 m AI
X X X X X X

e e 100 » e
e e — m e e




x x x x x x

to m jo po 9 m
— Al Al Al Al Al


ro 9 m 9 Aim
« -a -a -a -a m
Al AIAI Al AIAI




— — m 9
X X X X X X




—

a


po » pop*. 9 m 9
— — AIAI AIAI*
X X X X X X
Al Al 0 m AlP-


Al Al Al Al Al Al m
x x x x x x m

• m — — — »o —
•« m o- AI PO
— — m 9
X X X XX X

AI m m e « m o
«

m m 9 m 9 m
•O ff> 0 0 » o « «
•Afo O 0 » •> 9
— AI mm AIAI 0
X X X X X X
K » 0 Al 9 Al

•o-o-o «mm
ni ni AI AI AI AI m
x x x x x x m

0 O ^ PO 0 •• ••
« 9 m 9 —
— mm 9
X X X X X X

2SSS5Se
«

a e c po e
•o AI * «• in
AI AI AI m m
X X X X X
•4.0  — po — to

m ni AI AI AI ni ru in
x x x x x x pn
Z«m9«9A!9

e. » 9 9 to c
z —Aim 9
S X X X X X X
e a e e a e e

a.
o
Al Al Al m
>. X X X X
«» m AI AI «?
IM -o in -o ^
ni Al Al Al Al
X X X X X
t>» to ^ m in
«U Al Al Al Al
X X X X X
t>- m a AI 0

m « » » to
— Aim 9

« e e « e

m AI e — in
e» « to js m


— AI AI m
X X X X X
p. AI — in o
«> to m m P-
•« Al Al Al Al

OP m » 9 0

t* ^ 4 ^ m
f 11 Al Al Al Al

•0 » 4 4) •«


— AI m 9
X X X X X


p. m 9 P" -o
CP 0 to  m

I* Al All Al Al Al
X X X, X X X
•o ~o to 10 m m

m «i — — —
•» m 9 m
x x x x x x
* a o e e o
i« m o » a m
—

— — Al
X X X X X
e 9 » -a —
9 to j -o m
At Al Al Al Al
X X X X X
to « ^ « m
Al Al Al Al Al
X X X X X
Al Al m Al K

m m » « a
— — A! 9
X X X X X
e a a o e

in m » a a
» « PO PO .£


— — —
X X X X X
m a 9 m «
K t* ^ to m
Al Al Al Al Al

« 0 m -o 4)

po - to c. IT


AI — AI m
X X X X X
a a e e e
m e a e e
m e a m m


^ «• ^

X X X X X

0 to 4 to m
— Al Al Al Al


9 * to 4 to
po ^ 4 4 m
Al A) Al Al Al



o> 0 e m
— Ai pn
X X X X X




—

e

m — «•
a m e o AI
9 0 •£ Po to Jl
C — Al Al IM Al
X X X X X
« — « 9 m
m — m -o a

m Ai Al A. Al AJ
m x x x x x
9 •« 9 9 m «•

to •« » e
— — m
X X X X X
in a a e a
— a 9 AI0 9
*-

CO
U
•ol


o
Q

0
4)
9)
£

O
OS


H
£
™^

_e



^^
fh

•O
9)
91
«
4j
te



u
•H
CO

u
9)
O.
0.
g


•o
9)
0)
to
0!
U
O
u
EU




1
U

0)
tj
3
40
•p"{
Jt,





































•
^^
K


M

<*
0^
•


^j
n


03
9)
U
O
^
0.
9)

p,


















78

-------
        MM in
      X X X X
      e e e e
       • •  •  •
      o o » o
      o m a o
      » r» «in
      4 a *> •*>
      M ninini
      X X X X
«   ^ « m 9
ni   niniiw ni
x   x xx x
fa    « min                                        CJ
u>    » ^ -o 1/1                                        >_/
 •     •  •  •  •                                        «•
«    M IP«>. «                                        3
IP    »» « *» in                                        M
ru    
-------
   APPENDIX D
METPRO TEST CASES
        80

-------
                                APPENDIX D
                             METPRO TEST CASES

Four test cases are provided here, one for each of the four execution
modes of METPRO.  The "observed" mixed layer heights provided in the
"SURF1" files are not actual measurements, but were created here for
illustration purposes.  The sequence and numbers of hours used in modes
0, 1, and 2 were chosen at random; any period of length (even with
noncontiguous hours) is acceptable for modes 0, 1, and 2.  Entire blocks
of days must be used with mode 3.  The input and output files included
in this appendix are listed below.
Execution
  Mode      Filename          Content

   0        OPTIONS    Input options and site data
   0        PROFILE    Input on-site tower data
   0        SURF1      Input on-site surface data
   0        OUTPUT     Verification listing of
                       input options and site data
   0        SURFACE    Output surface boundary layer
                       variables used by CTDtf
   1        OPTIONS    Input options and site data
   1        PROFILE    Input on-site tower data
   1        SURF1      Input on-site surface data
   1        OUTPUT     Verification listing of input
   1        SURFACE    Output surface boundary layer
                       variables used by CTDM
   2        OPTIONS    Input options and site data
   2        PROFILE    Inpu£ on-site tower data
   2        SURF1      Input on-site surface data
   2        SURF2      Input off-site surface data
   2        OUTPUT     Verification listing of input
                       options and site data
   2        SURFACE    Output surface boundary layer
                       variables used by CTDM
   3        OPTIONS    Input options and site data
   3        PROFILE    Input on-site tower data
   3        SURF1      Input on-site surface data
   3        SURF2      Input off-site surface data
   3        RAWIN      Input processed upper air data
   3        OUTPUT     Verification listing of input
                       options and site data
   3        SURFACE    Output surface boundary layer
                       variables used by CTDM
Reference

Figure D-l
Figure D-2
Figure D-3
Figure D-4

Figure D-5

Figure D-6
Figure D-7
Figure D-8
Figure D-9
Figure D-10

Figure D-ll
Figure D-7
Figure D-12
Figure D-13
Figure D-14

Figure D-15

Figure D-16
Figure D-l7
Figure D-18
Figure D-19
Figure D-20
Figure D-21

Figure D-22
                                   81

-------
 0
39.5915   89.4885    6  0.15 0.18  2.00
Figure D-l.   Input options  and site data;  METPRO execution mode  0 test
             case ("OPTIONS").
                                  82

-------
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
200
200
185
185
196
196
186
186
189
189
180
180
175
175
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
•
•
.6
3.5
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.1
1.1
3.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.6
298
298
298
298
298
298
297
297
298
298
298
298
298
298
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
6.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
7.9
7.9
13.9
13.9
                                                      .01 -999.9
                                                      .01 -999.9
                                                      .01 -999.9
                                                      .01 -999.9
                                                      .02 -999.9
                                                      .02 -999.9
                                                      .04 -999.9
                                                      .04 -999.9
                                                      .08 -999.9
                                                      .08 -999.9
                                                      .19 -999.9
                                                      .19 -999.9
                                                      .39 -999.9
                                                      .39 -999.9
Figure D-2.   Input tower data used for METPRO execution mode 0 test case
            ("PROFILE").
                                83

-------
80  6 26   3                   .0     -40.8       82.0        777    2
80  6 26   4                   .0     -34.7       86.0        777    1
80  6 26   5                   .0     -27.2       76.0        777    2
80  6 26   6                 79.0      30.4       76.0        777    1
80  6 26   7               -999.0    -999.0       76.0        777    0
80  6 26   8               -999.0    -999.0     -999.0        777    0
80  6 26   9                583.0     391.8     -999.0        777    1
    Figure D-3.   Input on-site surface parameters used in METPRO execution
                mode 0 test case ("SURF1").

-------
CTDM MET PRE-PROCESSOR PROGRAM (METPRO)

         PROGRAM OPTIONS:
                            VERSION 2.1
LEVEL 871022
              MODE - 0 IF 0, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 1, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA, BUT NOT UPPER AIR DATA
                       IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA
         LATITUDE (DEG NORTH) -  39.59, LONGITUDE (DEG WEST) -   89.49
         TIME ZONE (HOURS AFTER GMT) •   6.0
         FIXED VALUES OF SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS:
                   ZO -  .1500M,  ALBEDO -  .18,  BOWEN RATIO *  2.00
WARNING: CONVECTTVE MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS ARE NOT COMPUTED IN THIS MODE;
MISSING VALUES WILL BE WRITTEN TO THE SURFACE FILE FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS.
   Figure  D-4.
Ouput verification of options and site data  for METPRO
execution mode  0  test case ("OUTPUT").
                                      85

-------
80  6 26 178  3             82.        21.      0.029       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  4             86.        33.      0.064       11.9  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  5             76.        27.      0.048       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  6             76.      -999.      0.136     -12.5  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  7             76.      -999.      0.247.     -18.5  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  8           -999.      -999.      0.275     -11.6  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  9           -999.      -999*      0.285       -8.9  0.150E+00
   Figure D-5.   Output file of surface boundary layer variables used by
                CTDH; METPRO execution mode 0 test  case ("SURFACE").
                                     86

-------
1
39.5915
4
46
61
121
251
0.05
0.33
0.55
0.09
0.56
0.91
0.10
0.61
1.00
0.09
0.56
0.91
89.
60
120
250
45
0.05
0.29
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.54
1.00
0.09
0.50
0.91
4885

0.05
0.24
0.30
0.09
0.40
0.46
0.10
0.44
0.50
0.09
0.40
0.46
6

0.05
0.12
1.05
0.09
0.17
1.81
0.10
0.19
2.00
0.09
0.17
1.81


0.06
0.10
1.05
0.11
0.14
1.81
0.12
0.16
2.00
0.11
0.14
1.81


0.07
0.11
1.05
0.14
0.16
1.81
0.15
0.18
2.00
0.14
0.16
1.81


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23
'4.00
0.14
0.21
3.61


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23
4.00
0.14
0.21
3.61


0.07
0.14
0.50
0.14
0.21
0.82
0.15
0.23
0.90
0.14
0.21
0.82


0.07
0.14
0.55
0.14
0.21
0.91
0.15
0.23
1.00
0.14
0.21
0.91


0.05
0.22
0.55
0.09
0.36
0.91
0.10
0.40
1.00
0.09
0.36
0.91


0.05
0.30
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.56
1.00
0.09
0.50
0.91
Figure D-6.   Input options and site data; METPRO execution mode 1 test
              case ("OPTIONS).
                                    87

-------
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
22
22
23
23
24
24
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
22
22
23
23
24
24
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
200.
200.
185.
185.
196.
196.
186.
186.
189.
189.
180.
180.
175.
175.
175.
175.
209.
209.
179.
179.
189.
189.
194.
194.
200.
200.
185.
185.
196.
196.
186.
186.
189.
189.
180.
180.
175.
175.
175,
175.
-999.
-999.
179.
179.
.6
3.5
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.1
1.1
3.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.5
1.2
3.9
1.1
3.8
.6
3.5
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.1
1.1
3.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.6
2.2
2.6
-9.9
-9.9
2.3
2.5
298
298
298
298
298
298
297
297
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299
300
300
299
299
299
299
298
298
298
298
298
298
297
297
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
-999
-999
300
300
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.4
.1
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.9
.9
.1
."l
6
6
5
5
3
3
4
4
4
4
7
7
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
1
1
2
2
6
6
5
5
3
3
4
4
4
4
7
7
13
13
13
13
-99
-99
14
14
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.5
.3
.3
.5
.5
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.6
.6
.6
.6
.0
.0
.6
.6
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.5
.3
.3
.5
.5
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.6
.6
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .04 -999.9
                                                   .04 -999.9
                                                   .08 -999.9
                                                   .08 -999.9
                                                   .19 -999.9
                                                   .19 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .49 -999.9
                                                   .49 -999.9
                                                   .47 -999.9
                                                   .47 -999.9
                                                   .03 -999.9
                                                   .03 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .01 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .02 -999.9
                                                   .04 -999.9
                                                   .04 -999.9
                                                   .08 -999.9
                                                   .08 -999.9
                                                   .19 -999.9
                                                   .19 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                   .39 -999.9
                                                  -9.9 -999.9
                                                  -9.9 -999.9
                                                   .47 -999.9
                                                   .47 -999.9
Figure D-7.
Input bower data used for METPRO execution modes  1 and 2
test cases ("PROFILE").
                              38

-------
80  6  26   3
80  6  26   4
80  6  26   5
80  6  26   6
80  6  26   7
80  6  26   8
80  6  26   9
80  6  26  22
80  6  26  23
80  6  26  24
80  6  27   1
80  6  27   2
80  6  27   3
80  6  27   4
80  6  27   5
80  6  27   6
80  6  27   7
80  6  27   8
80  6  27   9
80  6  27  22
80  6  27  23
80  6  27  24
.0
.0
.0
79.0
999.0
999.0
583.0
999.0
999.0
999.0
•999.0 •
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
-40.8
-34.7
-27.2
30.4
-999.0
-999.0
391.8
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
82.0
86.0
76.0
76.0
76.0
-999.0
-999.0
76.0
, 79.0
79.0
82.0
102.0
95.0
102.0
102.0
135.0
144.0
. -999.0
-999.0
233.0
259.0
239.0
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
5
3
3
    Figure D-8.   Input on-site surface paramenters used in METPRO execution
                mode 1 test case ("SURF1").
                                    89

-------
CTDM MET PRE-PROCESSOR PROGRAM (METPRO)       VERSION 2.1       LEVEL 871022

         PROGRAM OPTIONS:

              MODE - 1 IF 0, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 1, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA, BUT NOT UPPER AIR DATA
                       IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA


         LATITUDE (DEG NORTH)-  39.59, LONGITUDE (DEG WEST) «•   89.49
         TIME ZONE (HOURS AFTER GMT) -   6*0


         I OF WIND DIRECTION SECTORS FOR SPECIFYING SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS - 4



              WIND DIRECTION SECTORS AND ANGLE RANGES:

              1:  46- 60

              2:  61-120

              3: 121-250

              4: 251- 45



         SECTOR VALUES FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS (M), ALBEDO, AND BOWEN RATIO:

VARIABLE"  JAN   FEB   MAR   APR   MAY .  JUN   JUL   AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC

ZO:     0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.050 0.050
ALBEDO: 0.330 0.290 0.240 0.120 0.100 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.220 0.300
BOWEN:  0.550 0.550 0.300 1.050,1.050 1.050 2.050 2.050 0.500 0.550 0.550 0.550
(SECTOR 1)

ZO:     0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.810 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.820 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 2)

ZO:     0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.120 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100
ALBEDO: 0.610 0.540 0.440 0.190 0.160 0.180 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.400 0.560
BOWEN:  1.000 1.000 0.500 2.000 2.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
(SECTOR 3)

ZO:     0.090* 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140*0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.810 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.320 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 4)


WARNING:  CONVECTTVE MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS ARE NOT COMPUTED IN THIS MODE;
MISSING VALUES WILL BE WRITTEN TO THE SURFACE FILE FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS.
         MISSING WIND AND/OR TEMPERATURE DATA FOR
               (MM DD YY HH): 80  6 27 23; MISSING DATA WRITTEN  TO  "SURFACE"


   Figure  D-9.    Output verification of options and site data for METPRO
                  execution 1 test case ("OUTPUT").
                                      90

-------
80  6 26 178  3             82.        21.      0.029      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  4             86.        33.      0.064      11.9 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  5             76.        27.      0.048      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  6             76.      -999.      0.136     -12.5 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  7             76.      -999.      0.247     -18.5 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  8          -999.      -999.      0.275  '   -I1.6 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  9          -999.      -999.      0.285      -8.9 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178 22       .    .  76.        42.      0.105      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178. 23             79.        42.      0.105      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 26 178 24             79.        43.      0.110      11.2 0.150E-I-00
80  6 27 179  1             82.        30.      0.057      11.2 0.150E-I-00
80  6 27 179  2            102.        29.      0.052      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  3             95.        21.      0.029      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  4            102.        33.      0.064      11.9 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  5            102.        27.      0.048      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  6            135.        29.      0.052      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  7            144.      -999.      0.248     -17.5 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  8          -999.      -999.° '    0.275     -11.6 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  9          -999.      -999.      0.285      -8.8 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179 22            233.        42.      0.105      11.2 0.150E+00
80  6 27 179 23         -9999.     -9999.   -999.999   -9999.9 -.999E+03
80  6 27 179 24            239.        43.      0.110      11.2 0.150E-I-00
   Figure D-10.    Output file of surface boundary Layer variables  used by
                 CTDM; METPRO execution mode 1 test case ("SURFACE").
                                     91

-------
2
39.5915
4
46
61
121
251
0.05
0.33
0.55
0.09
0.56
0.91
0.10
0.61
1.00
39.
60
120
250
45
0.05
0.29
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.54
1.00
4885

0.05
0.24
0.30
0.09
0.40
0.46
0.10
0.44
0.50
6

0.05
0.12
1.05
0.09
0.17
1.81
0.10
0.19
2.00


0.06
0.10
1.05
0.11
0.14
1.81
0.12
0.16
2.00


0.07
0.11
1.05
0.14
0.16
1.81
0.15
0.18
2.00


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23
4.00


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
. 0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23
4.00


0.07
0.14
0.50
0.14
0.21
0.82
0.15
0.23
0.90


0.07
0.14
0.55
0.14
0.21
0.91
0.15
0.23
1.00


0.05
0.22
0.55
0.09
0.36
0.91
0.10
0.40
1.00


0.05
0.30
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.56
1.00
0.09  0.09  0.09   0.09   0.11  0.14  0.14  0.14  0.14   0.14   0.09  0.09
0.56  0.50  0.40   0.17   0.14  0.16  0.21  0.21  0.21   0.21   0.36  0.50
0.91  0.91  0.46   1.81   1.81  1.81  3.61  3.61  0.82   0.91   0.91  0.91
Figure D-ll.   Input options an diste data; METPRO execution mode  2 test
              case ("OPTIONS").
                                   92

-------
80  6  26  3
80  6  26  4
80  6  26  5
80  6  26  6
80  6  26  7
80  6  26  8
80  6  26  9
80  6  26 22
80  6  26 23
80  6  26 24
80  6  27  1
80  6  27  2
80  6  27  3
80  6  27  4
80  6  27  5
80  6  27  6
80  6  27  7
80  6  27  8
80  6  27  9
80  6  27 22
80  6  27 23
80  6  27 24
.0
.0
.0
79.0
999.0
999.0
583.0
999.0
999.0
999.0
999.0
•999.0
•999.0
999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
999.0
•999.0
-40.8
-34.7
-27.2
30.4
-999.0
-999.0
391.8
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
82.0
86.0
76.0
76.0
76.0
-999.0
-999.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
82.0
102.0
95.0
102.0
102.0
135.0
144.0
-999.0
-999.0
233.0
259.0
239.0
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
   Figure D-12.   Input on-site surface parameters used in METPRO execution
                 mode 2 test case ("SURF1").
                                    93

-------
9382280 626 2	                    6811 42991 69                              2
9382280 626 3	                    6813 42991 68                              1
9382280 626 4	                    6614 42994 67                              2
9382280 626 5	                    7012 42994 72                              1
9382280 626 6	                    7122 42994 78                              0
9382280 626 7	                    7218 82994 82                              0
9382280 626 8	                    7119 82994 85                              1
9382280 62621	                    7219 32991 81                              0
9382280 62622	                    7119 22991 78                              0
9382280 62623	                    7218 22991 79                              0
9382280 627 0	                    72 0 02988 78                              0
9382280 627 1	                    71 0 02991 76                              0
9382280 627 2	                    7119 52988 77                              0
9382280 627 3	                    7119 42988 76                              0
9382280 627 4	                    7218 32988 77                              1
9382280 627 5	                    72 0 02991 77                        '      2
9382280 627 6	                    7322 42994 80                              2
9382280 627 7	                    7419 62991 84                              0
9382280 627 8	                    7519 82991 88                              0
9382280 62721250                    7318102977 86                              5
9382280 62722	                    7319122974 84                              3
9382280 62723	                    7419122974 83                              3
   Figure D-13.    Input off-site surface data for METPRO execution mode 2
                  test case ("SURF2").

-------
CTDM MET PRE-PROCESSOR PROGRAM (METPRO)       VERSION 2.1       LEVEL  871022

         PROGRAM OPTIONS:

              MODE - 2 IF 0, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 1, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA, BUT NOT UPPER AIR  DATA
                       IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA


         LATITUDE (DEG NORTH) -  39.59, LONGITUDE (DEG WEST) -   89.49
         TIME ZONE THOURS AFTER GMT) -   6.0


         f OF WIND DIRECTION SECTORS FOR SPECIFYING SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS -
              WIND DIRECTION SECTORS AND ANGLE RANGES:

              1:  46- 60

              2:  61-120

              3: 121-250

              4: 251- 45



         SECTOR VALUES FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS (M), ALBEDO, AND BOWEN RATIO:

VARIABLE  JAN   FEB   MAR   APR   MAY   JUN   JUL   AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC

ZO:     0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.050 0.050
ALBEDO: 0.330 0.290 0.240 0.120 0.100 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.220 0.300
BOWEN:  0.550 0.550 0.300 1.050 1.050 1.050 2.050 2.050 0.500 0.550 0.550 0.550
(SECTOR 1)

ZO:     0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210- 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.810 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.820 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 2)
                                               •

ZO:     0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.120 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100
ALBEDO: 0.610 0.540 0.440 0.190 0.160 0.180 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.400 0.560
BOWEN:  1.000 1.000 0.500 2.000 2.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
(SECTOR 3)

ZO:     0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.810 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.820 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 4)



WARNING: CONVECTIVE MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS ARE NOT COMPUTED IN THIS MODE;
MISSING VALUES WILL BE WRITTEN TO THE SURFACE FILE FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS.
         MISSING WIND AND/OR TEMPERATURE DATA FOR
               (MM DD YY HH): 80  6 27 23; MISSING DATA WRITTEN TO  "SURFACE"

  Figure D-14.   Output  verification of options and  site data foe METPRO
                 execution mode 2 test case ("OUTPUT").
                                     95

-------
80  6 26 178  3            82.       21.     0.029       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  4            86.       33.     0.064       11.9  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  5            76.       27.     0.048       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  6            76.     -999.     0.136      -12,. 5  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  7            76.     -999.     0.247      -18.5  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178- 8  •        -999.     -999.     0.275      -11.6  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178  9          -999.     -999.     0.285       -8.9  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178 22            76.       42.     0.105       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178 23            79.       42.     0.105       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 26 178 24            79.       43.     0.110       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  1            82.       30.     0.057       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27^179  2           102.       29.     0.052       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  3            95.       21.     0.029       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  4           102.       33.     0.064       11.9  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  5           102.       27.     0.048       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  6           135.       29.     0.052       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  7           144.     -999.     0.248      -17.5  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  8          -999.     -999.     0.275      -11.6  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179  9          -999.     -999,     0.285       -8.8  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179 22           233.       42.     0.105       11.2  0.150E+00
80  6 27 179 23         -9999.    -9999,  -999.999    -9999.9  -.999E+03
80  6 27 179 24           239.       43,     0.110       11.2  0.150E+00
   Figure D-15.   Output file of surface boundary layer vai.ables used by
                 CTDM; METPRO execution mode 2 test case ("SURFACE").

-------
3
39.5915
4
46
61
121
251
0.05
0.33
0.55
0.09
0.56
0.91
0.10
0.61
89.
60
120
250
45
0.05
0.29
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.54
4885

0.05
0.24
0.30
0.09
0.40
0.46
0.10
0.44
6

0.05
0.12
1.05
0.09
0.17
1.81
0.10
0.19


0.06
0.10
1.05
0.11
0.14
1.81
0.12
0.16


0.07
0.11
1.05
0.14
0.16
1.81
0.15
0.18


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23


0.07
0.14
2.05
0.14
0.21
3.61
0.15
0.23


0.07
0.14
0.50
0.14
0.21
0.82
0.15
0.23


0.07
0.14
0.55
0.14
0.21
0.91
0.15
0.23


0.05
0.22
0.55
0.09
0.36
0.91
0.10
0.40


0.05
0.30
0.55
0.09
0.50
0.91
0.10
0.56
1.00  1.00  0.50  2.00   2.00   2.00  4.00  4.00  0.90  1.00  1.00   1.00
0.09  0.09  0.09  0.09   0.11   0.14  0.14  0.14  0.14  0.14  0.09   0.09
0.56  0.50  0.40  0.17   0.14   0.16  0.21  0.21  0.21  0.21  0.36   0.50
0.91  0.91  0.46  1.81   1.81   1.81  3.61  3.61  0.82  0.91  0.91   0.91
Figure 0-16.   Input options and site data;  METPRO execution mode 3 test
              case ("OPTIONS").
                                   97

-------
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
100.
10.
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
189.
189.
194.
194.
200.
200.
185.
185.
196.
196.
186.
186.
189.
189.
180.
180.
175.
175.
209.
209*
179.
179.
200.
200.
189.
189.
189.
189.
194.
194.
200.
200.
185.
185.
196.
196.
186.
186.
189.
189.
180.
180.
175.
175.
209.
209.
179.
179.
189.
189.
194.
194.
200.
200.
185.
185.
196.
1.
3.
1.
3.
•
3.
1.
2.
1.
3.
1.
3.
2.
4.
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
2.
1.
3.
1.
3.
•
3.
1.
2.
1.
3.
1.
3.
2.
4.
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
3.
1.
3.
•
3.
1.
2.
1.
2
9
1
8
6
5
3
4
0
1
1
8
1
2
2
2
2
6
2
5
3
5
4
0
1
5
2
9
1
8
6
5
3
4
0
1
1
8
1
2
2
2
2
6
2
5
3
5
2
9
1
8
6
5
3
4
0
299
299
299
299
298
298
298
298
298
298
297
297
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299
300
300
300
300
301
301
299
299
299
299
298
298
298
298
298
298
297
297
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299
300
300
299
299
299
299
298
298
298
298
298
.3
.3
.2
.2
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.4
.1
.1
.7
.7
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
.1
.9
.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.4
; 1
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
.8
.8
.6
.6
.1
1.0
1.0
2.6
2.6
6.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
7.9
7.9
13.9
13.9
13 o 6
13.6
14.6
14.6
17.0
17.0
14.9
14.9
1.0
1.0
2.6
2.6
6.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
7.9
7.9
13.9
13.9
13.6
13.6
14.6
14.6
1.0
1.0
2.6
2.6
6.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
3.5
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .04 -999.9
                                                    .04 -999.9
                                                    .08 -999.9
                                                    .08 -999.9
                                                    .19 -999.9
                                                    .19 -999.9
                                                    .39 -999.9
                                                    .39 -999.9
                                                    .49 -999.9
                                                    .49 -999.9
                                                    .47 -999.9
                                                    .47 -999.9
                                                    .53 -999.9
                                                    .53 -999.9
                                                    .53 -999.9
                                                    .53 -999.9
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .04 -999.9
                                                    .04 -999.9
                                                    .08 -999.9
                                                    .08 -999.9
                                                    .19 -999.9
                                                    .19 -999.9
                                                    .39 -999.9
                                                    .39 -999.9
                                                    .49 -999.9
                                                    .49 -999.9
                                                    .47 -999.9
                                                    .47 -999.9
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .03 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .01 -999.9
                                                    .02 -999.9
Figure D-17.
Input tower data used for METPRO execution mode 3 test case
("PROFILE").

-------
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
10
100
•
•
•
•
•
»
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
196
186
186
189
189
180
180
175
175
-999
-999
179
179
200
200
189
189
189
189
194
194
200
200
185
185
196
196
186
186
189
189
180
180
175
175
-999
-999
179
179
3.1
1.1
3.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.6
9.9
9.9
2.3
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.1
2.5
1.'2
3.9
1.1
3.8
.6
3.5
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.1
1.1
3.8
2.1
4.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.6
•9.9
•9.9
2.3
2.5
298.1
297.9
297.9
298.0
298.0
298.1
298.1
298.2
298.2
-999.9
-999.9
300.1
300.1
300.7
300.7
301.3
301.3
299.3
299.3
299.2
299.2
298.8
298.8
298.6
298.6
298.1
298.1
297.9
297.9
298.0
298.0
298.1
298.1
298.2
298.2
-999.9
-999.9
300.1
300.1
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
7.9
7.9
13.9
13.9
-99.9
-99.9
14.6
14.6
17.0
17.0
14.9
14.9
1.0
1.0
2.6
2.6
6.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
7.9
7.9
13.9
13.9
-99.9
-99.9
14.6
14.6
.02
.04
.04
.08
.08
.19
.19
.39
.39
-9.9
-9.9
.47
.47
.53
.53
.53
.53
.03
.03
.02
.02
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.04
.04
.08
.08
.19
.19
.39
.39
-9.9
-9.9
.47
.47
-999 . 9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
-999.9
Figure D-17.   (Continued)
               99

-------
80  6 26   1
80  6 26   2
80  6 26   3
80  6 26   4
80  6 26   5
80  6 26   6
80  6 26   7
80  6 26   8
80  6 26   9
80  6 26  10
80  6 26  11
80  6 26  12
80  6 26  13
80  6 26  14
80  6 26  15
80  6 26  16
80  6 26  17
80  6 26  18
80  6 26  19
80  6 26  20
80  6. 26  21
80  6 26  22
80  6 26  23
80  6 26  24
80  6 27   1
80  6 27   2
80  6 27   3
80  6 27   4
80  6 27   5
80  6 27   6
80  6 27   7
80  6 27   8
80  6 27   9
80  6 27  10
80  6 27  11
80  6 27  12
80  6 27  13
80  6 27  14
80  6 27  15
80  6 27  16
80  6 27  17
80  6 27  18
80  6 27  19
80  6 27  20
80  6 27  21
80  6 27  22
80  6 27  23
SO  6 27  24
   Figure 0-18.   Input on-site surface parameters used in METPRO execution
                mode 3 test case ("SURF1").
                                 100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
79.0
999.0
999.0
583.0
739.1
862.4
799.5
925.8
999.0
999.0
•999.0
•999.0
-999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
-999,0
-999.0
-999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
•995.0
•999.0
-999.0
•999.0
-999.0
•999 cO
•999.0
•999.0
•999.0
-43.8
-42.3
-40.8
-34.7
-27.2
30.4
-999.0
-999.0
391.8
516.0
604.7
576.3
659.4
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999 . 0
-999 . 0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0.
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
92.0
79.0
82.0
86.0
76.0
76.0
76.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
121.0
86.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
82.0
102.0
95.0
102.0
102.0
135.0
144.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999 . 0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
-999.0
177 . 0
206.0
233.0
259.0
239.0
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9

-------
9382280
9382230
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
9382280
626 0	
626 1	
626 2	
626 3	
626 4	
626 5	
626 6	
626 7	
626 8	
626 9	
62610	
62611 45
62612	
62613	
62614	
62615	
62616	
62617	
62618—-
62619	
62620	
62621	
62622	
62623	
627 0	
627 1	
627 2	
627 3	
627 4	
627 5	
627 6	
627 7	
627 8	
627 9	
62710	
62711	
62712	
62713	
62714	
62715	
62716	
62717	
62718	
62719	
62720250
62721250
62722	.
62723	
6815 42991 70
69 0 02991 70
6811 42991 69
6813 42991 68
6614 42994 67
7012 42994 72
7122 42994 78
7218 82994 82
7119 82994 85
7018 62994 86
7125 62994 90
7125 82994 92
7125 82991 92
7123 82988 93
7121 82988 94
7024 82988 94
7023 62988 93
7119 62988 92
7219 42988 89
7219 42988 85
7218 32991 83
7219 32991 81
7119 22991 78
7218 22991 79
72 0 02988 78
71 0 02991 76
7119 52988 77
7119 42988 76
7218 32988 77
72 0 02991 77
7322 42994 80
7419 62991 84
7519 82991 88
7320102991 90
7418122988 92
7319142985 95
7319142982 95
7416142979 96
7216162977 96
7217172977 96
7218162977 95
7218162974 92
7318122974 90
7317142974 88
7315102974 86
7318102977 86
7319122974 84
7419122974 83
0
2
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
1
4
6
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0'
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
6
5
3
3
     Figure D-19.
            Input off-site  surface  data  for METPRO execution mode 3
            test case ("SURF2").
                                      101

-------
5600 14842 80 625 0
990. 7/ 200./299.2/160/ 2
900. 0/1037. /291.3/167/ 4
788. 0/2165. /285.7/130/ 4
700. 0/3158. /284.0/ 50/ 4
5600 14842 80 62512
991. 6/ 200./292.0/ 60/ 1
914. O/ 908./292.6/162/ 3
800. 0/2047. /287.5/165/ 2
726. 0/2865. /2S5.9/ 29/ 1
5600 14842 80 626 0
990. 7/ 200./302.5/170/ 2
850. 0/1538. /290.0/199/ 2
788. 0/2183. /2S9.6/ 28/ 1
5600 14842 80 62612
991. 3/ 200./292.0/ O/ 0
900. 0/1041. /293.1/268/ 2
800. 0/2059. /294.2/32S/ 3
5600 14842 80 627 0
990. 5/ 200./304.8/240/ 3
889. 0/1157. /294.S/224/ 5
800. 0/2070. /293.3/333/ 3
5600 14842 80 62712
990. 7/ 200./294.8/190/ 2
900. 0/1043. /294.8/184/ 7
800. 0/2063. /293.0/219/ 4
700. 0/3197. /285.0/259/ 6
5600 14842 80 628 0
986. I/ 200./305.9/180/ 6
850. 0/1514. /293.5/191/ 11
786. 0/2193. /29S.3/233/ 11
5600 14842 80 62812
986. 6/ 200./293.7/170/ 3
892. 0/1081. /295.9/214/ 7
800. 0/2026. /291.3/291/ 7
725. 0/2863. /2S6.2/295/ 10
50
986. O/ 242./298.4/155/ 2
889. 0/1142. /290.3/168/ 5
764. 0/2425. /285.9/120/ 4

65
976. O/ 338./295.0/142/ 1
900. 0/1041. /292.1/161/ 3
787. 0/2185. /287.6/123/ 1
700. 0/3171. /285.3/3S8/ 2
43
978. O/ 315./300.8/173/ 2
839. 0/1649. /289.4/194/ 2
750. 0/2604. /290.6/ ll/ 3
46
976, O/ 335.V297.1/235/ 1
880. 0/1236. /291.6/266/ 2
750. 0/2612. /289.S/ I/ 5
49
973. O/ 360./302.5/244/ 3
868. 0/1365. /293.7/231/ 5
755. 0/2566. /290.7/300/ 5
57
968. O/ 404./298.7/200/ 6
895. 0/1092. /294.3/179/ 6
777. 0/2313. /291.9/223/ 5

56
972. O/ 330./303.9/182/ 8
839. 0/1627. /292.9/201/ 11
750. 0/2598. /292.S/239/ 12
54
950. O/ 529./295.9/157/ 13
872. 0/1279. /29S.2/246/ 8
782. 0/2221. /290.8/308/ 6
700. 0/3158. /2S6.6/292/ 13
13
950. O/ 569./29S.3/
850. 0/1525. /288.0/
750. 0/2581. /2S5.6/

14
955. O/ 528./294.1/
850. 0/1531. /2S9.9/
7S2. 0/2458. /287.6/

12
950. O/ 573./29S.6/
821. 0/1834. /2S8.4/
749. 0/2615. /290.7/
11
959. O/ 489./297.1/
870. 0/1334. /293.1/
700. 0/3194. /2S4.9/
12
950. O/ 574./300.5/
8 50. 0/1546. /294. I/
750. 0/2623. /290.3/
13
953. O/ S42./298.9/
878. 0/1258. /294.7/
750. 0/2615. /2S9.7/

11
950. O/ 536./302.2/
826. 0/1762. /29S.3/
700. 0/3186. /2S8.3/
14
929. O/ 72S./297.3/
850. 0/1502. /293.7/
753. 0/2543. /2S7.9/

Figure D-20.
Input upper air data (processed by READ62) used by METPRO
execution mode 3 ("RAWIN").
                                    102

-------
CTDM MET PRE-PROCESSOR PROGRAM (METPRO)       VERSION 2.1       LEVEL  871022

         PROGRAM OPTIONS:

              MODE - 3 IF 0, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 1, DO NOT READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
                             BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE CHARACTERISTICS
                       IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA, BUT NOT UPPER AIR  DATA
                       IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA


         LATITUDE (DEG NORTH) -  39.59, LONGITUDE (DEG WEST) -   89.49
         TIME ZONE (HOURS AFTER GMT) -   6.0


         f OF WIND DIRECTION SECTORS FOR SPECIFYING SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS -
              WIND DIRECTION SECTORS AND ANGLE RANGES:

              1:  46- 60

              2:  61-120

              3: 121-250

              4: 251- 45



         SECTOR VALUES FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS  (M), ALBEDO, AND BOWEN RATIO:

VARIABLE  JAN   FEB   MAR.  APR   MAY   JUN   JUL   AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC

ZO:     0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.050 0.050
ALBEDO: 0.330 0'.290 0.240 0.120 0.100 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.220 0.300
BOWEN:  0.550 0.550 0.300 1.050 1.050 1.050 2.050 2.050 0.500 0.550 0.550 0.550
(SECTOR 1)

ZO:     0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.810 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.820 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 2)

ZO:     0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.120 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100
ALBEDO: 0.610 0.540 0.440 0.190 0.160 0.180 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.400 0.560
BOWEN:  1.000 1.000 0.500 2.000 2.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
(SECTOR 3)

ZO:     0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.110 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.090 0.090
ALBEDO: 0.560 0.500 0.400 0.170 0.140 0.160 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.360 0.500
BOWEN:  0.910 0.910 0.460 1.310 1.810 1.810 3.610 3.610 0.820 0.910 0.910 0.910
(SECTOR 4)
         MISSING WIND AND/OR TEMPERATURE DATA FOR
               (MM DO YY HH) :• 80  6 27 10; MISSING DATA WRITTEN TO  "SURFACE"

         MISSING WIND AND/OR TEMPERATURE DATA FOR
               (MM DD YY HH): 80  6 27 23; MISSING DATA WRITTEN TO  "SURFACE"
   Figure D-21.    Output verification of options and site data for METPRO
                   execution mode 3 ("OUTPUT").
                                      103

-------
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
30
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
30
80
80
30
80
80
80
80
80
80
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
178
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
•14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
92.
79.
82.
86.
76.
76.
76.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
121.
86.
76.
79.
79.
32.
102.
95.
102.
102.
135.
144.
-999.
-999.
•9999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
-999.
177.
206.
233.
•9999.
239.
30.
29.
21.
33.
27.
24.
121.
335.
708.
1242.
1283.
1332.
. 1406.
1470.
1526.
1581.
1621.
1641.
1643.
1643.
42.
42.
42.
43.
30.
29.
21.
33.
27.
29.
114,
347.
632.
-9999.
1247.
1340.
1432.
1519.
1630.
1728.
1798.
1835.
1840.
1840.
48.
42.
-9999.
43.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
• 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-999
0
.057
.052
.029
.064
.048
.136
.247
.275
.285
.293
.307
.315
.293
.201
.187
.126
.194
.152
.127
.100
.105
.105
.105
.110
.057
.052
.029
.064
.048
.052
.248
.275 .
.285
.999
.306
.316
.290
.201
.187
.126
.194
.152
.131
.100
.115
.105
.999
.110
11
11
11
11
11
-12
-18
-11
-8
-7
-7
-8
-5
-2
-2
-1
-3
-3
-21
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
-17
-11
-8
-9999
-7
-7
-6
-2
-2
-1
-3
-3
-16
11
13
11
-9999
11
.,2
..2
.2
,.9
..2
,.5
..5
,6
.9
.4
.2
.2
.7
.1
.0
.0
.8
.5
.0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.9
.2
.2
.5
.6
.8
.9
.5
.9
.1
.1
,0
.0
.8
.5
.6
.2
.7
.2
.9
.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
»
•
*
•
•
*
•
«
•
•
«
»
•
•
e
•
•
•
•
•
«
•
•
*
•
•
150E+00
150E+00
150E-I-00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E-I-00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E-f-00
150E+00
150E-I-00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
999E+03
150E-I-00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
150E+00
999E+03
150E+00
Figure D-22.
Output file of surface boundary layer variables used by
CTDM; METPRO execution mode 3 test case("SURFACE").
                                 104

-------
     APPENDIX E
READ62 CODE LISTINGS
        105

-------
  READ62 - PREPROCESSOR FOR UPPER AIR DATA


  THIS PROGRAM READS A TD-6201 UPPER AIR FILE, EXTRACTS  DATA
  FOR PRESSURE LEVELS REQUESTED, AND CREATES A FORMATTED FILE
  FOR EDITING AND INPUT TO THE HPDM MET PREPROCESSOR
  NOTE:
       FORMAT ASSUMED IS FIXED BLOCK RECORDS OF 2876 BYTES
       EACH (79 LEVELS PER RECORD)
UNIT 0 - CONSOLE OUTPUT  (WRITES CURRENT SOUNDING BEING  READ)
UNIT 5 - CARPj-IMAGE INPUT DATA:   'OPT62'
UNIT 6 - PRINTER OUTPUT:  'OUTPUT'
UNIT 8 - INPUT TD-6201  (UPPER AIR) DATA FILE:   'TD62011
UNIT 9 - OUTPUT FORMATTED UPPER AIR DATA FILE:  'RAWIN'
C
c
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
C I/O:
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
C DETAILS OF CARD-IMAGE INPUT DATA  (FREE FORMAT):
C
C
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
C DETAILS OF TD-6201 CONTENT:
C
C       HEADER INFORMATION FOR EACH SOUNDING TIME:
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
 FIRST LINE:

 IBYR, IBDAY, IBHR:

 IEYR, IEDAY, IEHR:
 PSTOP:

 SECOND LINE:


 LHT,LTEMP,LWD,LWS:
************R6200010
            R6200020
            R6200030
            R6200040
            R62000SO
            R6200060
            R6200070
            R6200080
            R6200090
            R6200100
            R6200110
            R6200120
            R6200130
            R6200140
            R6200150
            R6200160
            R6200170
            R6200180
            R6200190
            R6200200
            R6200210
            R6200220
            R6200230
            R6200240
            R6200250
            R6200260
                    YEAR, JULIAN DAY, AND HOUR  (GMT)  TO  BEGIN
                       EXTRACTING DATA FROM INPUT TD-6201  FILE
                    YEAR, JULIAN DAY, AND HOUR  (GMT)  AFTER WHICH R6200270
                       TO STOP EXTRACTING DATA  FROM INPUT  TD-6201R6200230
                       FILE
                    LOWEST PRESSURE FOR WHICH INFORMATION  IS  TO
                       BE EXTRACTED
                   CORRESPONDS TO HEIGHT, TEMPERATURE, WIND
                   DIRECTION AND WIND SPEED DATA: IF THE VALUE
                   IS MISSING, DISCARD THE DATA LEVEL IF THE
                   SWITCH IS 1, DO NOT DISCARD IF THE SWITCH  IS
 STNID
 LAT
 LON
               STATION IDENTIFICATION
               LATITUDE — THE STATION LATITUDE IN DEG AND MIN,
                 FOLLOWED BY  'N1 OR 'S'
               LONGITUDE— THE STATION LONGITUDE IN DEG .AND MIN,
                 FOLLOWED BY  'E' OR 'W'
YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR  — THE SCHEDULED TIME OF THE OBSERVATION  R6200430
NUMLEV         NUMBER OF REPEATING GROUPS — THIS REPRESENTS      R6200490
                 THE NUMBER OF DATA LEVELS FOUND IN THE CURRENT
                 OBSERVATION  (79 IS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER STORED)
            R6200290
            R6200300
            R6200310
            R6200320
            R6200330
            R6200340
            R6200350
            R6200360
           OR6200370
            R6200380
            R6200390
            R6200400
            R6200410
            R6200420
            R6200430
            R6200440
            R6200450
            R6200460
            R6200470
                                                                   R6200500
                                                                   R6200510
                                                                   R6200S20
                                                                   R6200530
                                                                   R6200540
                LEVEL-QUALITY-INDICATOR — DENOTES THE:  RESULTS OF R6200550
                  ANY QUALITY CONTROLS APPLIED TO THIS  LEVEL (THISR6200560
                  IS USED IN THIS PROGRAM)                         R6200570
                THE ELAPSED TIME SINCE THE RELEASE OF THE SOUNDINGR6200580
                  IN MINUTES AND TENTHS  (IGNORED HERE)             R6200590
                ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT THE  CURRENT  LEVEL (READ INR6200600
 DATA FOR EACH NUMLEV PRESSURE LEVEL:
QIND
ETIME
PRES
                                106

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
                     AS MILLIBARS)                                    R6200610
   HGT             GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT OF THE CURRENT LEVEL IN METERSR6200620
   TEMP            THE FREE AIR TEMPERATURE 'AT THE CURRENT LEVEL IN  R6200630
                     DEGREES AND TENTHS CELSIUS.
   RH              THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT THE CURRENT LEVEL IN %
   WD    '    '      DIRECTION OF THE WIND AT THE CURRENT LEVEL IN DEC
   WS              SPEED OF THE WIND IN WHOLE METERS PER SECOND;
   TIMEF,PRESF,HGTF,TEMPF,RHF,WINDF  —  QUALITY CONTROL FLAGS
                     (USED HERE)
   TYPLEV          TYPE OF LEVEL FLAG (IGNORED HERE)
    EXTERNAL FUNCTION:  GOOD (INTEGER)
                                                                        R6200640
                                                                        R6200650
                                                                        R6200660
                                                                        R6200670
                                                                        R6200680
                                                                        R6200690
                                                                        R6200700
                                                                        R6200710
                                                                        R6200720
                                                                        R6200730
                                                                        R6200740
      REAL HEIGHT(79),HIGHT(79),ETIME
      REAL APRES(79),ATEMP(79),PRES(79),TEMP(79)
      INTEGER MON(12),LMON(12),YEAR,MONTH,DAY,HOUR,GOOD
      INTEGER WS(79),AWS(79),WD(79),AWD(79),RH
      INTEGER LHT,LTEMP,LWD,LWS
      CHARACTER*! LATA,LONA,QIND(79),TIMEF(79),PRESF(79),
     1  HGTF(79),TEMPF(79),RHF,WINDF(79),TYPLEV
      CHARACTER*5 STNID
      CHARACTER*32 JUNK

      DATA MON/0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334/
      DATA LMON/0,31,60,91,121,152,182,213,244,274,305,335/
C	-OPEN
C
        FILES
C***********************************************************************R6200750
C                                                                       R6200760
                                                                        R6200770
                                                                        R6200780
                                                                        R6200790
                                                                        R6200800
                                                                        R6200810
                                                                        R6200820
                                                                        R6200830
                                                                        R6200840
                                                                        R6200850
                                                                        R6200860
                                                                        R6200870
                                                                        R6200880
                                                                        R6200890
                                                                        R6200900
                                                                        R6200910
                                                                        R6200920
                                                                        R6200930
                                                                        R6200940
                                                                        R6200950
                                                                        R6200960
                                                                        R6200970
                                                                       ' R6200980
                                                                        R6200990
                                                                        R6201000
                                                                        R6201010
                                                                        R6201020
                                                                        R6201030
                                                                        R6201040
                                                                        R6201050
                                                                        R6201060
                                                                        R6201070
                                                                        R6201080
                                                                        R6201090
                                                                        R6201100
                                                                        R6201110
                                                                        R6201120
                                                                        R6201130
                                                                        R6201140
                                                                        R6201150
                                                                        R6201160
                                                                        R6201170
                                                                        R6201180
                                                                        R6201190
                                                                        R6201200
C
C—
c
c
c
c
c—
   IN - 5
   IOUT - 6
   ITD - 8
 '  IRAWIN » 9
   OPEN(IN,FILE-'OPT62',STATUS-'OLD')
   OPEN(IOUT,FILE-'OUTPUT',STATUS-'UNKNOWN')
   OPEN(ITD,FILE-'TD6201',STATUS-'OLD',FORM-'FORMATTED')
   OPEN(IRAWIN,FILE-'RAWIN',STATUS-'UNKNOWN')      t

   WRITE(IOUT,6010)

	READ CARD-IMAGE INPUTS FROM UNIT 5 (FREE FORMAT)

   READ(IN,*)IBYR,IBDAY,IBHR,IEYR,IEDAY,IEHR,PSTOP
   WRITE(IOUT,6020)IBYR,IEYR,IBDAY,IEDAY,IBHR,IEHR
   WRITE(IOUT,6030)PSTOP

   READ(IN,*)LHT,LTEMP,LWD,LWS
   WRITE(IOUT,6040)LHT,LTEMP,LWD,LWS

   WRITE(IOUT,6050)

     INITIALIZE PREVIOUS GOOD SOUNDING  TIME

   IF(IBHR.EQ.O)GO TO 100
	STARTING HOUR » 12
   JDAY2-IBDAY
   ISAV2-0
   GO TO 200
                                     107

-------
100   CONTINUE
C	STARTING HOUR - 00
      JDAY2-IBDAY-1
      ISAV2-12
200   CONTINUE
C
1000  CONTINUE
C
C	READ TD-6201 SOUNDING FROM UNIT ITD
C
        READ(ITD,6100,END-2000) STNID,LAT,LATA,LON,LONA,YEAR,MONTH
     1  DAY,HOUR,NUMLEV,(QIND(I),ETIME,PRES(I),HEIGHT(I),
     2  TEMP(I),RH,WD(I),WS(I),TIMEF(I),PRESF(I),HGTF(I),TEMPF(I),
     3  RHF,WINDF(I),TYPLEV,1-1,79)
        HRITE(0,6220) MONTH, DAY, HOUR
        ALAT - IAT/100 + (LAT-(LAT/100*100))/60.
        ALON - LON/100 + (LON-(LON/100*100))/60.
C
C
C
1050
      IF CONTINUATION OF LAST SOUNDING, IGNORE AND READ NEXT SOUNDING

      IF(NUMLEV.LE.79) GO TO 1100
      READ(ITD,6150,END-2000) JUNK
      NUMLEV * MAX(NUMLEV-79,79)
      GO TO 1050
1100  CONTINUE
C
C*******ROUTINE TO CONVERT DATES TO JULIAN
C
        JOAY-MON(MONTH)+DAY
        IF(MOD(YEAR,4).EQ.O)JDAY-LMON(MONTH)+DAY
C
C
C
      IP(HOUR.NE.O .AND. HOUR.NE.12) GO TO 1000

        CHECK FOR BEGINNING AND ENDING TIMES
      IF(YEAR.LT.IBYR) GO TO 1000
      IF(YEAR.GT.IEYR) GO TO 5000
      IF(YEAR.EQ.IBYR.AND.JDAY.LT.IBDAY)
      IF(YEAR.EQ.IEYR.AND.JDAY.GT
      IF(YEAR.EQ.IBYR.AND.JDAY.EQ,
                                         GO TO 1000
                                  IEDAY> GO TO 5000
                                  IBDAY.AND.HOUR.LT.IBHR)
C
C
C
      IF(YEAR.EQ.IEYR.AND.JDAY.EQ.IEDAY.AND.HOUR.GT.IEHR)

        COMPRESS ARRAYS IF MISSING VALUES ARE FOUND
      KK-0
      DO 1200 JJ-1,NUMLEV
      IF(GOOD(QIND(JJ)).EQ.O) GO TO 1200
      IF(LHT.EQ.l  .AND.  (HEIGHT(JJ).GE.9999.9  .OR. GOOD(HGTF).EQ.O))
     1   GO TO 1200
      IF(LTEMP.EQ.l .AND.  (ABS(TEMP(JJ)).GE.99.9  .OR.
     1   GO TO 1200
                                 R6201210
                                 R6201220
                                 R6201230
                                 R6201240
                                 R6201250
                                 R6201260
                                 R6201270
                                 R6201280
                                 R6201290
                                 R6201300
                                 R6201310
                                 R6201320
                                 R6201330
                                 R6201340
                                        R
                                 R6201360
                                 R6201370
                                 R6201330
                                 R6201390
                                 R6201400
                                 R6201410
                                 R6201420
                                 R6201430
                                 R6201440
                                 R6201450
                                 R6201460
                                 R6201470.
                                 R6201480
                                 R6201490
                                 R6201500
                                 R6201510
                                 R6201520
                                 R6201530
                                 R6201540
                                 R6201550
                                 R6201560
                                 R6201570
                                 R6201S80
                                 R6201590
                                 R6201600
                                 R6201610
                                 R6201620
                                 R6201630
                                 R6201640
                                 R6201650
                                 R6201660
                                 R6201670
                                 R6201680
                                 R6201690
               GOOD(TEMPF).EQ.O))R6201700
                                 R6201710
GO
GO
TO
TO
1000
5000
1200
      IF(LWD.EQ.l .AND.
      IF(LWS.EQ.l .AND.
      KK-KK+1
      AFRES(KK)-PRES(JJ)
      ATEMP(KK)-TEMP(JJ)
      AWS(KK)-WS(JJ)
      AWD(KK)-WD(JJ)
      HIGHT(KK)-HEIGHT(JJ)
      CONTINUE
                         (WD(JJ).GE.999
                         (WS(JJ).GE.999
.OR.  GOOT(WINDF) .EQ.O))GO TO 1200R6201720
.OR.  GOOD(WINDF) .EQ.O))<3O TO 1200R6201730
                                 R6201740
                                 R6201750
                                 R6201760
                                 R6201770
                                 R6201780
                                 R6201790
                                 R6201800
                                     108

-------
      NLEV-KK                                                            R6201810
      DO 1300 LL-1,NLEV                 .                                 R6201820
      PRES(LL)-APRES(LL)                                                 R6201830
      TEMP(LL)-ATEMP(LL)                                                 R6201840
      WD(LL)-AWD(LL)                                                     R6201850
      WS(LL)-AWS(LL)                                                     R6201360
      HEIGHT(LL)-HIGHT(LL)               .                                R6201870
1300  CONTINUE                                                           R6201880
C                                                                        R6201890
C	DETERMINE LEVELS UP TO PSTOP                                       R6201900
C                                                                        R6201910
      KSTOP - 0                                                          R6201920
      DO 1500 I - 1,NLEV                                                 R6201930
      IF(PRES(I).LE.PSTOP) THEN                                          R6201940
          ISTOP « I                                                      R6201950
          GO TO 1600                                                     R6201960
      ENDIF                                                              R6201970
1500  CONTINUE                                                           R6201980
    .  ISTOP - NLEV                                                       R6201990
      IF(ABS(PRES(NLEV)-PSTOP).GT.1.0)  KSTOP- 1                         R6202000
      CONTINUE                                                           R6202010
                                                                         R6202020
    —WRITE TO LINE PRINTER AND UPPER AIR OUTPUT FILE                    R6202030
                                                                         R6202040
      IF(KSTOP.EQ.O) THEN         '                                       R6202050
          WRITE(IOUT,6060)YEAR,MONTH,DAY,JDAY,HOUR,ISTOP                 R6202060
          WRITE(IRAWIN,6200) STNID,YEAR,MONTH,DAY,HOUR,NLEV,ISTOP       R6202070
        ELSE                                                             R6202080
          WRITE(IOUT,6065)YEAR,MONTH,DAY,JDAY,HOUR,ISTOP,PSTOP          R6202090
          WRITE(IRAWIN,6205) STNID,YEAR,MONTH,DAY,HOUR,NLEV,ISTOP,PSTOP R6202100
      ENDIF                                                              R6202110
      WRITE(IRAWIN,6210)  (PRES(I),HEIGHT(I),TEMP(I)+273.2,WD(I),WS(I),   R6202120
     1 1-1,ISTOP)                                                        R6202130
C                                                                        R6202140
C	CHECK FOR MISSING DAYS                                             R6202150
C                                                                        R6202160
      IF(JDAY.EQ.JDAY2) GO TO  1700                                       R6202170
      JDAY1-JDAY2                                                        R6202180
      JDAY2-JDAY                                                         R6202190
      IF(JDAY1.EQ.(JDAY2-1)) GO TO 1700                                 R6202200
      WRITE(IOUT,6070)                                                   R6202210
      WRITE(IRAWIN,6070)                                                 R6202220
1700  CONTINUE                                                           R6202230
C                                                                        R6202240
C	CHECK FOR MISSING/DUPLICATE SOUNDINGS                              R6202250
C                                                                        R6202260
      ISAV1-ISAV2                                •                        R6202270
      ISAV2-HOUR                                                         R6202280
      IF(ISAVl.EQ.O) GO TO 1800                                          R6202290
      IF(ISAV1.EQ.12.AND.ISAV2.EQ.O) GO TO  1900                      '    R6202300
      WRITE(IOUT,6080)                                                   R6202310
      WRITE(IRAWIN,6080)                       '                         R6202320
      GO TO 1900                                                         R6202330
1800  CONTINUE                                                           R6202340
      IF(ISAV2.EQ.12)GO TO 1900                                   .       R6202350
      WRITE(IOUT,6080)                                                   R6202360
      WRITE(IRAWIN,6080)                                                 R6202370
1900  CONTINUE                                  .                         R6202380
C                                                          -              R6202390
      GO TO 1000                                                         R6202400
                                     109

-------
2000
C
5000

C
C
C
6010
6020
6030

6040




6050
6060
6065

6070
6080
6090
6100

6150
6200
6205

6210
6220
 WRITE(IOUT,6090)YEAR,JDAY

 CONTINUE
 STOP

   FORMAT STATEMENTS

 FORMAT('!',2OX,'READ62',3X,'VERSION 2.0      LEVEL 870731',//)
 FORMATCO','STARTING DATE:',16X,'ENDING DATE: '/ '0', 15X, 'YEAR -
1 I4,18X,'YEAR - ',I4/10X,'JULIAN DAY - ',13,12X, 'JULIAN DAY -
2 I3/16X,'HOUR - ',X3,18X,'HOUR - ',13)
 FORMAT(/'O1,'PRESSURE LEVELS EXTRACTED:'/'0',20X,'SURFACE',
1 '  TO  ',F5.0,' MB')
 FORMAT(/,'0','SWITCHES FOR DISCARDING PRESSURE LEVELS: 0-NO,  '
1 '1-YES',/,'0','DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF HEIGHT MISSING ?  ',8X
1 /,'0','DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF TEMPERATURE MISSING ?  «,3X,I1
2 '0','DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF WIND DIRECTION MISSING ? ',!!,/
3 '0','DATA LEVEL ELIMINATED IF WIND SPEED MISSING ? C,4X,I1,/)
 FORMAT(/'O','THE FOLLOWING SOUNDINGS HAVE BEEN PROCESSED:1/
1 '0',6X,'YEAR',3X,'MONTH',3X,'DAY',3X,'JULIAN DAY',3X,
2 'HOUR (GMT)',3X,'NO. LEVELS EXTRACTED'/)
 FORMAT(8X,I2,5X,I2,6X,I2,7X,I3,9X,I2,15X,I4)
 FORMAT(8X,I2,5X,I2,6X,I2,7X,I3,9X,I2,15X,I4,/,10X,'  TOP OF ',
1 'SOUNDING LISTED ABOVE IS BELOW THE ',F6.1,'-MB LEVEL  ')
 FORMAT(IX,'->->->MISSIN6 DAY(S)')
 FORMAT(IX,'->->->MISSING/DUPLICATE SOUNDING1)
 FORMAT(20X,'EOF ON INPUT',/,20X,'LAST DAY READ -  ',12,13)
 FORMAT(3X,AS,14,Al,15,Al,2X,4(12),13,
1      (79(A1,F4.1,F5.1,F6.0,F4.1,3(I3),7A1)))
 FORMAT(A32,79(36X))
 FORMAT(3X,'6201',5X,A5,5X,4I2,5X,I2,T69,I2)
 FORMAT(3X,'6201',5X,A5,5X,4I2,5X,I2,T69,I2,/,'TOP OF SOUNDING
1 'BELOW ',F6.1,'-MB LEVEL  ')
 FORMAT(4(3X,F6.1,'/',F5.0,'/',F5.1,'/',I3,V',I3))
 FORMATC MONTH - ',12,',   DAY • ',12,',   HOUR - • ,12)

 END
    R6202410
    R6202420
    R6202430
    R6202440
    R6202450
    R6202460
    R6202470
    R6202480
 ',  R6202490
',   R6202500
    R6202510
    R6202520
    R6202530
,.   R6202540
,I1,R6202550
,/,  R6202560
,    R6202570
    R6202580
    R6202590
    R6202600
    R6202610
    R6202620
    R6202630
    R6202640
    R6202650
    R6202660
    R6202670
    R6202680
    R6202690
    R6202700
    R6202710
1,   R6202720
    R6202730
    R6202740
    R6202750
    R6202760
    R6202770
                                      110

-------
C INTEGER FUNCTION GOOD(IQUAL)
C
C PURPOSE: CHECKS QUALITY INDICATOR TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT TO
C ACCEPT THE UPPER AIR OBSERVATION AS VALID
C
C ASSUMPTIONS: TDF6201 FORMAT
C
C LIMITATIONS: NMC INDICATORS A-Z ARE NOT TESTED FOR BAD DATA
C
C ARGUMENTS
C PASSED:
C IQUAL CHAR QUALITY INDICATOR: 0-9 OR A-Z
C
C RETURNED:
C FUNCTION GOOD: 0 IF BAD DATA; 1 IF GOOD DATA
C
C MEANING OF QUALITY INDICATORS FOR TDF6201 DATA:
C
C 0 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE CORRECT
C 1 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE MISSING
C 2 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE DOUBTFUL, A CORRECTED LEVEL FOLLOWS
C 3 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE DOUBTFUL, UNCORRECTED
C 4 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE IN -ERROR, A CORRECTED LEVEL FOLLOWS
C 5 ORIGINAL VALUES ARE IN ERROR, UNCORRECTED
C 6 CORRRECTED LEVEL
C 9 LEVEL NOT CHECKED
C A-Z SUPPLIED BY NMC, HAVE CHANGED MANY TIMES OVER THE YEARS
C
C GOOD RETURNS 0 IF CODE IS 1, 2, 3, 4, OR 5; 1 OTHERWISE
C
C
C CALLING ROUTINES: READ62
C
C*«*«»«»««MVWMMWW«»M«W«WM»W«»W«WWmMW««B «• W«W«*W«M*M«M«MW WWMWMMM •«•
C
INTEGER FUNCTION GOOD (IQUAL)
CHARACTER*! IQUAL
C
GOOD - 1
IF ( IQUAL. EQ. '!' .OR. IQUAL. EQ. '2' .OR. IQUAL. EQ. '3' .OR.
1 IQUAL. EQ. '4' .OR. IQUAL.EQ. '5' } GOOD- 0
RETURN
END
™ laUUUUUJLU
GOO00020
GOO00030
GOO00040
GOO00050
GOO00060
GOO00070
G0000080
GO000090
GOO00100
GOO00110
GOO00120
GOO00130
G0000140
G0000150
GO000160
GOO00170
GOO001SO
G0000190
G0000200
GOO00210
G0000220
GOO00230
G0000240
G0000250
GO000260
GO000270
GOO00280
GOO00290
GOO00300
GO000310
GO000320
GOO00330
GO000340
/^rtrtrt A 1 CE rt
•— (jOOOOJSU
GOO00360
GOO00370
GOO003SO
GOO00390
GOO00400
GOO00410
GOO00420
GOO00430
GOO00440
111

-------
     APPENDIX F
METPRO CODE LISTINGS
            112

-------

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

MAIN PROGRAM: METPRO

PURPOSE: PROGRAM CREATES THE FILE "SURFACE" FOR USE IN CTDM

METHODS: DURING THE DAY, COMPUTES USTAR AND L USING THE HOLTSLAG-VAN
ULDEN METHOD AND ZI USING 1) THE CARSON METHOD IF UPPER AIR
DATA ARE PROVIDED FOR AN CONTIGUOUS HOUR RUN, OR 2) USER-
PROVIDED VALUES OF MIXED LAYER HEIGHT FOR A RUN OF SELECTED
HOURS. AT NIGHT, COMPUTES USTAR AND L USING THE VENKATRAM
METHOD AND MIXING HEIGHT USING THE ZILITINKEVICH METHOD.

I/O: UNIT 5 INPUT OPTIONS (PROGRAM OPTIONS)
UNIT 6 OUTPUT OUTPUT (LIST OF PROGRAM OPTIONS USED)
UNIT 7 OUTPUT SURFACE (INPUT FILE TO CTDM)
UNIT 9 INPUT RAWIN (UPPER AIR DATA)
UNIT 10 INPUT SURF1 (ONSITE MET DATA)
UNIT 11 INPUT SURF2 (NWS SURFACE DATA)
UNIT 12 INPUT PROFILE (ONSITE MET PROFILE)

COMMON: PTEMP XSUMI WIND US RNET MONIN CVR TEMP
NCC HMI INIT ZILIT THS IO

EXTERNAL ROUTINES: DEFAUL HOUR HV HVNET INITT MINUTE
SENSE SUMHH SUMI SUMW TT ZZI
HDAYUS TOTAL SUN WNUS JULIAN RHOO
ZILL

INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: SIN SQRT MIN EXP
-

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT VARIABLES (MRS SYSTEM USED FOR UNITS)

CH: CLOUD HEIGHT
CC: CLOUD COVER
NLEV: NUMBER OF SOUNDING LEVELS
WDSEC: WIND DIRECTION BOUNDARIES OF UPWIND FETCH SECTORS
WD: HOURLY WIND DIRECTION (NEAR 10 M) USED TO GET UPWIND
CHARACTERISTICS
RN: NET RADIATION
QR: TOTAL INCOMING RADIATION
THSTAR: THETA-STAR, THE TEMPERATURE SCALE FOR PROFILING
VONK: VON KARMAN CONSTANT
ZIOBS: OBSERVED (MEASURED) MIXED LAYER HEIGHT
ZO: SURFACE ROUGHNESS LENGTH
ALB: SURFACE ALBEDO
BOW: BOWEN RATIO
SAI: AREA UNDER Z-THETA CURVE (LEFT SIDE OF EQN 27 IN
USER GUIDE)
SAI2: AREA UNDER Z**2-THETA CURVE (LEFT SIDE OF EQN 28
IN USER GUIDE)
L: MONIN-OBUKHOV LENGTH
USTAR: SURFACE FRICTION VELOCITY
ZIL: COMPUTED (ESTIMATED) MIXED LAYER HEIGHT
T: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (NEAR 10 METERS)
WSL: WIND SPEED AT 10 METERS
ZODAY: HOURLY SURFACE ROUGHNESS LENGTH VALUES
ZHR: HEIGHTS OF DATA FROM FILE "PROFILE"
WDHR: WIND DIRECTION VALUES FROM FILE "PROFILE"
ndiuuuxu-
MET00020
MET00030
MET00040
MET00050
MET00060
MET00070
MET00080
MET00090
MET00100
MET00110
MET00120
MET00130
MET00140
MET00150
MET00160
MET00170
MET00180
MET00190
MET00200
MET00210
MET00220
MET00230
MET00240
MET00250
MET00260
MET00270
MET00280
MET00290
MET00300
MET00320
MET00330
MET00340
MET00350
MET00360
MET00370
MET00380
MET00390
MET00400
MET00410
MET00420
MET00430
MET00440
MET00450
MET00460
MET00470
MET00480
MET00490
MET00500
MET00510
MET00520
MET00530
MET00540
MET00550
MET00560
MET00570
MET00580
MET00590
MET00600
113

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
WSHR:
TAHR:
PRS:
TMP:
PTMP:
HT:
AI:

AI2:
WIND SPEED VALUES FROM FILE "PROFILE"
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE VALUES FROM FILE "PROFILE"
PRESSURE VALUES AT SOUNDING LEVELS
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE VALUES AT SOUNDING LEVELS
POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (THETA) VALUES AT SOUNDING
GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHTS AT SOUNDING LEVELS
                     SUM OVER TIME OF AREA UNDER  Z-
15-MINUTE PORTION
   THETA CURVE
15-MINUTE PORTION
   THETA CURVE
OF
                  OF SUM OVER TIME OF AREA UNDER  Z**2-
C
C
c
CHARACTER*! NWSCC
INTEGER Y,M,D,JUL,H,I,YUP,Y1,M1,D1,H1
INTEGER CH(24),IHR,CC,MUP,DOT,ITIME,NLEV
INTEGER MODE,Y2,M2,D2,H2
INTEGER WDSEC(8,2),IDIFF,MISS(24)
REAL WD(24),RN,RHOCP,QR,THSTAR,VONK
REAL LAT,LONG,ZONE,RHO
REAL ZIOBS(24) ,ZO(12,8) ,ALB(12,8) ,BOW(12,8) ,SAI,SAI:2,L,,USTAR
REAL.ZIL,T,WSL,ZODAY(24)
REAL ZHR(51),WDHR(51),WSHR(51),TAHR(51)
COMMON/PTEMP/PRS(80),TMP(80),PTMP(30)
COMMON/XSUMX/HT(30),AI(80),AI2(80)
COMMON/WIND/WSL(24),A(24)
COMMON/US/USTAR(24)
COMMON/RNET/RN(24),QS(24)
COMMON/MONIN/L(24)
COMMON/CVR/CC(24)
COMMON/TEMP/T(24)
COMMON/NCC/NWSCC(24)
COMMON/HM1/SAI(80),SAI2(SO)
COMMON/INIT/QR(24)
COMMON/ZILIT/ZIL(24)
COMMON/THS/THSTAR(24)
COMMON/IO/IOPT,IOUT,ISURF,IRAWIN,ISURF1,ISURF2
COMMON/SOLANG/ANGLE(24)

ASSIGN VALUES OF WIND, TEMP IN CASE OF MISSING DATA FOR  HOUR

WD(24) - 360.
WSL(24) - 5.0
T(24) - 293.

ASSIGN PROGRAM CONSTANTS  (MRS UNITS)

CP - SPECIFIC HEAT OF AIR AT CONSTANT PRESSURE
G - ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
Al AND B - CONSTANTS USED IN THE MODIFIED CARSON MODEL
DEGRAD - CONSTANT TO CONVERT FROM DEGREES TO RADIANS

CP-1004.
G-9.80655
Al-0.2
B-2.5
DEGRAD-57.29578
PRES - 1013.25

OPEN INPUT FILES

IOPT - 5
      MET00610
      MET00620
      MET00630
      MET00640
LEVELSMET00650
      MET00660
      MET00670
      MET00680
      MET00690
      MET00700
      MET00710
      MET00720
      MET00730
      MET00740
      MET00750
      MET00760
      MET00770
      MET00780
      MET00790
      MET00800
      MET00810
      MET00820
      MET00830
      MET00840
      MET00850
      MET00860
      MET00870
      MET00880
      MET00890
      MET00900
      MET00910
      MET00920
      MET00930
      MET00940
      MET00950
      MET00960
      MET00970
      MET00980
      MET00990
      MET01000
      MET01010
      MET01020
      MET01030
      MET01040
      MET01050
      MET01060
      MET01070
      MET01080
      MET01090
      MET01100
      MET01110
      MET01120
      MET01130
      MET01140
      MET01150
      MET01160
      MET01170
      MET01180
      MET01190
      MET01200
                                    114

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
        IOUT - 6
        ISURF - '
        IRAWIN -
        ISURF1 -
        ISURF2 -
        INPROF »
         9
         10
         11
         12
OPEN(ISURF1,FILE-'SURF1•,STATUS-'OLD')
OPEN(IOPT,FILE-•OPTIONS',STATUS-'OLD')
OPEN(INPROF,FILE-'PROFILE•,STATUS-'OLD')

OPEN OUTPUT FILES; ASSIGN  DEFAULT I/O UNIT NUMBERS

OPEN(ISURF,FILE-'SURFACE',STATUS-'UNKNOWN')
OPEN(IOUT,FILE-'OUTPUT',STATUS-'UNKNOWN•}

READ IN OPTIONS.

MODE:   IF 0, DO NOT READ  NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
              ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS.
        IF 1, DO NOT READ  NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA,
              BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE  CHARACTERISTICS.
        IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA,  BUT NOT UPPER AIR DATA.
        IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA.

READ(IOPT,*) MODE
WRITE(IOUT,8010) MODE
IF(MODE.GT.l) THEN
    OPEN(ISURF2,FILE-'SURF2',STATUS-'OLD')
ENDIF
IF (MODE. CT. 2)
    OPEN(IRAWIN,FILE-'RAWIN',STATUS-'OLD')

READ ADDITIONAL SITE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (IF MODE-0, INPUT
       ' PROVIDED IS LESS DETAILED):
1) LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, TIME ZONE
     TIME ZONES: 5 EASTERN,  6-CENTRAL,  7-MOUNTAIN, 8-PACIFIC
     FOR STANDARD TIME (SUBTRACT 1 HOUR FOR DAYLIGHT SAVINGS)
2) NUMBER OF WIND DIRECTION  SECTORS FOR SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
3) DEFINITION OF THE SECTORS (IF MORE THAN ONE)
4) SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS (MONTHLY VALUES FOR EACH SECTOR):
        SURFACE ROUGHNESS  LENGTHS
        ALBEDO
        BOWEN RATIO
                                                                MET01210
                                                                MET01220
                                                                MET01230
                                                                MET01240
                                                                MET01250
                                                                MET01260
                                                                MET01270
                                                                MET01280
                                                                MET01290
                                                                MET01300
                                                                MET01310
                                                                MET01320
                                                                MET01330
                                                                MET01340
                                                                MET01350
                                                                MET01360
                                                                MET01370
                                                                MET01380
                                                                MET01390
                                                                MET01400
                                                                MET01410
                                                                MET01420
                                                                MET01430
                                                                MET01440
                                                                MET01450
                                                                MET01460
                                                                MET01470
                                                                MET01480
                                                                MET01490
                                                                MET01500
                                                                MET01510
                                                                MET01520
                                                                MET01530
                                                                MET01540
                                                                MET01550
                                                                MET01560
                                                                MET01S70
                                                                MET01S80
                                                                MET01S90
                                                                MET01600
                                                                MET01610
                                                                MET01620
                                                                MET01630
                                                                MET01640
C
90
                                                                MET01650
NOTE: INPUT DATA FOR WIND DIRECTION SECTORS USES THE CONVENTION MET01660
      THAT THE WIND DIRECTION IS THAT FROM WHICH THE WIND  IS    MET01670
      BLOWING, AND THE UPWIND CHARACTERISTICS ARE THAT WHICH AREMET01680
      IMPORTANT. FOR EXAMPLE, CHARACTERISTICS TO THE SOUTH OF A MET01S90
      STACK WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH A SOUTHERLY WIND.          MET01700
                                                                MET01710
IF(MODE.GT.O) GO TO 90                 '                         MET01720
READ(IOPT,*) LAT,LONG,ZONE,ZOCASE,ALBD,BOWEN                    MET01730
WRITE(IOUT,8015) LAT,LONG,ZONE,ZOCASE,ALBD,BOWEN                MET01740
WRITE(IOUT,8082)                                                MET01750
LAT - LAT/DEGRAD                                                MET01760
GO TO 104                                                       MET01770
                                                                MET01780
                                                                MET01790
                                                                MET01800
READ(IOPT,*) LAT,LONG,ZONE
WRITE(IOUT,8020) LAT,LONG,ZONE
                                     115

-------
c
c
c
100
READ DATA FOR DIRECTION SECTORS  (SITE CHARACTERISTICS)

READ(IOPT,*) NSEC
IF(NSEC.GT.8 .OR.NSEC.LT.l) THEN
    WRITE(IOOT,7095) NSEC
    STOP
ENDIF
WRITE(IOOT,8090) NSEC
IF(NSEC.GT.l) THEN
    DO 100 I - 1,NSEC
        READ(IOPT,*) WDSEC(I,1),WDSEC(I,2)
        IF(I.EQ.l) GO TO 100
        IDIFF - WDSEC(I,1) - WDSEC(I-1,2)
        IF(IDIFF.LT.O) IDIFF - IDIFF + 360
        IF(IDIFF.NE.l) THEN
            WRITE(IOOT,7110)
            STOP
        ENDIF
        IF(I.EQ.NSEC) THEN
            IDIFF - WDSEC(1,1) - WDSEC(NSEC,2)
            IF(IDIFF.LT.O) IDIFF - IDIFF +  360
            IF(IDIFF.NE.l) THEN
                WRITE(IOOT,7110)
                STOP
            ENDIF
        ENDIF
    CONTINOE
  ELSE
    WDSEC(1,1) - 1
    WDSEC(1,2} - 360
ENDIF
WRITE(IOOT,8100)
WRITE(IOOT,8110)
DO 102 J - 1,NSEC
  •  READ(IOPT,*) (ZO(I,J),1-1,12)
    READ(IOPT,*) (ALB(I,J),1-1,12)
    READ(IOPT,*) (BOW(I,J),1-1,12)
    WRITE(IOOT,8080)  (20(1,J),1-1,12),(ALB(I,J),1-1,12),
                         (J,WDSEC(J,1),WDSEC(J,2),J-1,NSEC)
102
C
C

c
104
C
c
c
c
c

105
C
c
c
c
c
CONTINUE
IF(MODE.LT.3) WRITE(IOOT,8082)
WRITE(IOOT,8085)

CONVERT LAT FROM DEGREES TO RADIANS
LAT-LAT/DEGRAD

CONTINOE

START HOOR LOOP.
CHECK FOR DATE CONSISTENCY BETWEEN ONSITE AND OFFSITE  DATA IF
MODE > 1.

H - 1
CONTINOE

READ FROM SURF1: YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOOR, TOTAL  INCOMING  SOLAR
RADIATION, NET RADIATION, OBSERVED MIXED LAYER  HT  (M), CLOOD
HEIGHT (100'S OF FEET), CLOOD COVER  (TENTHS)
MET01810
MET01320
MET01830
MET01340
MET01850
MET01360
MET01870
MET01880
MET01890
MET01900
MET01910
MET01920
MET01930
MET01940
MET01950
MET01960
MET01970
MET01980
MET01990
MET02000
MET02010
MET02020
MET02030
MET02040
MET02050
MET02060
MET02070
MET02080
MET02090
MET02100
MET02110
MET02120
MET02130
MET02140
MET02150
MET02160
MET02170
MET02180
MET02190
MET02200
MET02210
MET02220
MET02230
MET02240
MET02250
MET02260
MET02270
MET02280
MET02290
MET02300
MET02310
MET02320
MET02330
MET02340
MET02350
MET02360
MET02370
MET02380
MET02390
MET02400
                                      116

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
     1
     1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
READ(ISURF1,*,END-900) Y,M,D,IHR,QRHR,RNHR,ZIOHR,CHHR,CCHR
IF(MODE.GT.2 .AND. IHR.NE.H) THEN
    WRITE(IOUT,7135) Y,M,D,IHR,H
    STOP
ENDIF
MISS(IHR) • 0
QR(IHR) - QRHR
RN(IHR) - RNHR
ZIOBS(IHR) - ZIOHR

CH (CLOUD HT) IS READ BUT NOT USED IN THIS VERSION OF METPRO

CH(IHR) - CHHR
CC(IHR) - CCHR
IF(NODE.EQ.O) THEN
    ZODAY(IHR) - ZOCASE
    IF(CC(IHR).LT.O) THEN
        WRITE(IOUT,714S) Y,M,D,IHR
        STOP
    ENDIF
ENDIF

READ PROFILE TO GET WD, WS, T FROM 10 METERS

WD(IHR) - -999.
WSL(IHR) - -999.
T(IHR) - -999.
WDB10 —999.
WSB10 —999.
TAB10 «-999.
DO 110 IHT - 1,51
    READ(INPROF, *) Y1,M1,D1,H1,ZHR(IHT),JFLAG,
        HDHR(IBT),WSHR(IHT),TAHR(IHT)
    IF(Y.NB.Yl.OR.M.NE.Ml.OR.D.NE.Dl.OR.IHR.NE.Hl)
        THEN
        WRITE(IOUT,7125) Y,M,D,IHR,Y1,M1,D1,H1
        STOP
    ENDIF

SEARCH FOR 10-M VALUES OF:
  WIND DIRECTION TO ASSIGN SURFCE ROUGHNESS LENGTH (FUNCTION OF
        DIRECTION) FOR THIS HOUR;
  WIND SPEED FOR COMPUTING L, U*;
  TEMPERATURE TO ASSIGN "SURFACE" AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

  USE INTERPOLATION WHERE POSSIBLE

    IF(ZHR(IHT) .LT. 10.0 .AND. JFLAG .LT. 1) GO TO  108

  NOW HAVE FOUND THE 10-M LEVEL OR THE FIRST  LEVEL ABOVE  10  M

    IF(WDHR(IHT).GT.O.O .AND. WD(IHR).LT.0.0) THEN
        IF(ABS(ZHR(IHT) - 10.0) .LT. 0.5) THEN
            WD(IHR) • WDHR(IHT)
          ELSE IF(WDB10 .LT. 0.0) THEN
            WD(IHR) - WDHR(IHT)
          ELSE
            FRAC - (10. - WDB10H)/(ZHR(IHT) - WDB10H)
            WD(IHR) »  (1.0-FRAC) * WDB10 + FRAC *  WDHR(IHT)
        ENDIF
MET02410
MET02420
MET02430
MET02440
MET02450
MET02460
MET02470
MET02480
MET02490
MET02500
MET02510
MET02520
MET02530
MET02540
MET02550
MET02560
MET02570
MET02580
MET02590
MET02600
MET02610
MET02620
MET02630
MET02640
MET02650
MET02660
MET02670
MET02680
MET02690
MET02700
MET02710
MET02720
MET02730
MET02740
MET02750
MET02760
MET02770
MET02780
MET02790
MET02800
MET02310
MET02820
MET02830
MET02840
MET02850
MET0286Q
MET02870
MET02880
MET02890
MET02900
MET02910
MET02920
MET02930
HET02940
MET02950
MET02960
MET02970
MET02980
MET02990
MET03000
                                      117

-------
108
C
c
C
110
112
C
c
c
c
       ENDIF
       IF(WSHR(IHT).GT.OiO .AND. WSL(IHR).LT.0.0) THEN
           IF(ABS(ZHR(IHT) - 10.0) .LT. 0.5) THEN
               WSL(IHR)  • WSHR(IHT)
               ANEM - 10.0
             ELSE IF(WSB10 .LT. 0*0)  THEN
               WSL(IHR)  - WSHR(IHT)
               ANEM - ZHR(IHT)
             ELSE
               FRAC - (10. - WSB10H)/(ZHR(IHT) - WSB10H)
               WSL(IHR)  - (1.0-FRAC)  * WSBLO + FRAC * WSHR(IHT)
               ANEM - 10.0
           ENDIF
       ENDIF
       IF(TAHR(IHT).CT.0.0 .AND. T(IHR).LT.0.0) THEN
           IF(ABS(ZHR(IHT) - 10.0) .LT. 0.5) THEN
               T(IHR) - TAHR(IHT)
             ELSE. IF(TAB10 .LT. 0.0)  THEN
               T(IHR) - TAHR(IHT)
             ELSE
               FRAC - (10. - TAB10H)/(ZHR(IHT) - TAB10H)
               T(IHR) - (1.0-FRAC) * TAB10 +• FRAC * TAHR(IHT)
           ENDIF
       ENDIF
       IF(JFLAG.EQ.l) GO TO 112

   IF BELOW 10 METERS, STORE VALUES FOR POSSIBLE INTERPOLATION

       IF(WDHR(IHT)  .OT. 0.0) THEN
           WDB10 • WDHR(IHT)
           WDB10H - ZHR(IHT)
       ENDIF
       IF(WSHR(IHT)  .GE. 0.0} THEN
           WSB10 - WSHR(IHT)
           WSB10H • ZHR(IHT)
       ENDIF
       IF(TAHR(IHT)  .GT. 0.0) THEN
           TAB10 - TAHR(IHT)
           TAB10H - ZHR(IHT)
       ENDIF
   CONTINUE
   IF(MODE.GE.2) THEN
       READ(ISURF2,7030) Y2,M2,D2,H2,NWSCC(IHR)
       IF(Y.NE.Y2.0R.M.NE.M2.0R.D.NE.D2.0R.IHR.NE.H2+1)
1          THEN
           WRITE(IOUT,7130) Y,M,D,IHR,Y2,M2,D2,H2+1
           STOP
       ENDIF
   ENDIF

   IF MISSING DATA,  PREPARE TO WRITE NEGATIVE VALUES IN SURFACE;
   PERSIST WIND DIRECTION TO GET SITE CHARACTERISTICS FOR MODE  3

   IF(WD(IHR).LT.0.0 .OR. WSL(IHR).LT.0.0 .OR. T(IHR).LT.0.0) THEN
       WRITE(IOOT,7140)  Y,M,D,IHR
       IF(MODE .LE.  2) THEN
           WRITE(ISURF,6020) Y,M,D,JUL,IHR
           GO TO 105
         ELSE
MET03010
MET03020
MET03030
MET03-040
MET03050
MET03060
MET03070
MET03080
MET03090
MET03100
MET03110
MET03120
MET03130
MET03140
MET03150
MET03160
MET03170
MET03180
MET03190
MET03200
MET03210
MET03220
MET03230
MET03240
MET03250
MET03260
MET03270
METO-3280
MET03290
MET03300
MET03310
MET03320
MET03330
MET03340
MET03350
MET03360
MET03370
MET03380
MET03390
MET03400
MET03410
MET03420
MET03430
MET03440
MET03450
MET03460
MET03470
MET03480
MET03490
MET03500
MET03510
MET03520
MET03S30
MET03540
MET03550
MET03560
MET03570
MET03580
MET03590-
MET03600
                                       118

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
115
120
125

C
c
c
c

128
C
c
c
c
c
c
   STORE DATA FOR 24 HOURS BEFORE PRINTING FOR MODE 3

        •   MISS(IHR) • 1
           IF(IHR.EQ.l) THEN
               LHR - 24
             ELSE
               LHR - IHR-1
           ENDIF
           1F(WD(IHR).LT.0.0) WD(IHR) - WD(LHR)
           IF(WSL(IHR).LT.0.0) WSL(IHR) - WSL(LHR)
           IF(T(IHR).LT.0.0) T(IHR) - T(LHR)
       ENDIF
   ENDIF

   INITIALIZE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX TO ZERO FOR MODE 3

   QS(IHR)-0.0

   IF(IHR.GT.l .AND. MODE.GT.2) GO TO 115
   CALL JULIAN(Y,M,D,JUL)
   JD - JUL
   IF(JD.EQ.366)  JD - 1

   CALCULATE SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLES

   CALL SUN(LAT,LONG,ZONE,JD,TSR,TSS)

   FOR MODE 0, ALREADY HAVE HOURLY SITE CHARACTERISTICS

   IF(MODE.EQ.O)  GO TO 128
   DO 120 J - 1,NSEC
   IF(WD(IHR) .LT.WDSEC(J,2)+0.1.AND.WD(IHR) .GT.WDSEC(J, 1) -0.1)
1    GO TO 125
   IF(WD(IHR).LT.WDSEC(J,2)+0.1.AND.WDSEC(J,1).GT.WDSEC(J,2))
1    GO TO 135
   IF(WD(IHR).GT.WDSEC(J,1)-0.1.AND.WDSEC(J,1).GT.WDSEC(J,2))
1    GO TO 125
   CONTINUE
   ISEC • MIN(J,NSEC)
   ZODAY(IHR) - 20(M,ISEC)

   CALCULATE ALBEDO FOR THIS HOUR, ACCOUNTING FOR SOLAR
   ELEVATION ANGLE

   ALBO - ALB(M,ISEC)
   C - 1.0 - ALBD
   BB - -0.5 * C*C
   ANG - ANGLE(IHR)  * 57.29578
   IF(ANG.LE.O.O) THEN
       ALBEDO -1.0
     ELSE
                                          «
   EQN 7 FROM USERS GUIDE

       ALBEDO - ALBD + C*EXP(-0.1*ANG + BB)
   ENDIF

   SUBSTITUTE NWS CLOUD COVER IF NECESSARY AND COMPUTE HEAT  FLUX

   CALL DEFAUL(MODE,M,D,Y,IHR,ALBEDO)
MET03610
MET03620
MET03630
MET03640
MET03650
MET03660
MET03670
MET03680
MET03690
MET03700
MET03710
MET03720
MET03730
MET03740
MET03750
MET03760
MET03770
MET03780
MET03790
MET03800
MET03810
MET03820
MET03830
MET03840
MET03850
MET03360
MET03870
MET03880
MET03890
MET03900
MET03910
MET03920
MET03930
MET03940
MET03950
MET03960
MET03970
MET03980
MET03990
MET04000
MET04010
MET04020
MET04030
MET04040
MET04050
MET04060
MET04070
MET04080
MET04090
MET04100
MET04110
MET04120
MET04130
MET04140
MET04150
MET04160
MET04170
MET04180
MET04190
MET04200
                                       119

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF AIR FOR THE HOUR IN KG/M**3

CALL RHOO(PRES,T(IHR),RHO)
           MET04210
           MET04220
           MET04230
           HET04240
           MET04250
           MET04260
           MET04270
           MET04280
           MET04290
           MET04300
           MET04310
DO NIGHTTIME OR DAYTIME TASKS:
COMPUTE NIGHTTIME USTAR & L VALUES USING THE VENKATRAM METHOD.
OTHERWISE, COMPUTE NET RADIATION IF DERIVED FROM TOTAL INCOMING
SOLAR RADIATION.  COMPUTE THE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX FROM THE NET
RADIATION.  QR IS THE NET RADIATION, QS THE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX.
IF NIGHTTIME, SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX IS NOT NEEDED TO COMPUTE ZO,L.
COMPUTE DAYTIME USTAR 6 L VALUES USING HOLTSLAG-VAN 0LDEN METHODMET04320
                                                                 MET04330
IF(RN(IHR).LE.O .OR. IHR.GT.TSS+1. .OR. IHR.LT.TSR) THEN
    CALL WNUS(IHR,ANEM,ZODAY(IHR))
  ELSE
    IF(MODE .GT. 0) BOWEN - BOW(M,ISEC)
    CALL HV(IHR,PRES,BOWEN)
    IF(QS(IHR).LE.0.0) THEN
        CALL WNUS(IHR,ANEM,ZODAY(IHR))
      ELSE
        CALL HDAYUS(IHR,RHO,ANEM,ZODAY(IHR))
    ENDIF
ENDIF •

CHECK FOR L VALUES EXCEEDING THE RANGE OF THE FORMAT FIELD
                            L(IHR)»9999.
                            L(IHR)—999.
                            0) THEN
                            L(IHR)—1.
     1
     2
C
C
C
C
c
c
c
150
IF(L(IHR).GT.9999.)
IF(L(IHR).LT.-999.)
IF(ABS(L(IHR)).LT.l
    IF(L(IHR).LT.O)
    IP(L(IHR).GT.O)
ENDIF

COMPUTE ZILITINKEVICH SURFACE LAYER HEIGHTS

CALL ZILL(LAT,IHR)

H f H + 1
IF(H.EQ.2S) H - 1
IF(H.EQ.l  .AND. MODE.GT.2) GO TO 150
IF(MODE.LE.2)
WRITE(ISURF,6010) Y,M,D,JUL,IHR,ZIOBS(IHR),ZIL(IHR),USTAR(IHR)
    L(IHR),ZODAY(IHR)
GO TO 105

END HOUR LOOP; READ IN UPPER AIR DATA AND  COMPUTE CONVECTIVE
MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS ONLY IF DOING A CONTIGUOUS HOUR RUN
READ IN UPPER AIR SOUNDING FOR 12Z; COMPUTE MODIFIED
MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS FOR APPLICABLE HOURS

READ(IRAWIN,7040) YUP,MOP,DUP,ITIME,NLEV '
READ(IRAWIN,7050) (PRS(I),HT(I),TMP(I),I-1,NLEV)
IF(ITIME.NE.12) GO TO 150
ISOATE - Y*10000 + M*100 + D
IUDATE - YUP*10000 + MUP*100 + DUP
IF(ISDATE.GT.IUDATE) GO TO 150
IF(ISDATE.LT.IUDATE) THEN
    WRITE(IOUT,7160) Y,M,D,YUP,MUP,DUP
CARSON
MET04340
MET04350
MET04360
MET04370
MET04380
MET04390
MET04400
MET04410
MET04420
MET04430
MET04440
MET04450
MET04460
MET04470
MET04480
MET04490
MET04500
METQ4510
MET04520
MET04530
MET04540
MET04550
MET04560
MET04570
MET04580
MET04590
MET04600
MET04610
MET04620
MET04630
MET04640
MET04650
MET04660
MET04670
MET04680
MET04690
MET04700
MET04710
MET04720
MET04730
MET04740
MET04750
MET04760
MET04770
MET04780
MET04790
MET04800
                                       120

-------
c
c
c
160
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
170
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
    STOP
ENDIF

CALCULATE POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE

DO 160 ILEV-1,NLEV
PTMP(ILEV)-TMP(ILEV)*(1000./PRS(ILEV))**0. 285714
HT ( ILEV) -HT( ILEV) -HT(1)
CONTINUE
CONVERT SOUNDING TIME  (HH) TO  (HHMM)
ITIME-ITIME*100
PTMPM-PTMP(l)
                                                       MET04810
                                                       MET04820
                                                       MET04830
                                                       MET04840
                                                       MET04850
                                                       MET04860
                                                       MET04870
                                                       MET04880
                                                       MET04890
                                                       MET04900
                                                       MET04910
                                                       MET04920
                                                       MET04930
                                                       MET04940
                                                       MET04950
                                                       MET04960
                                                       MET04970
                                                       MET04980
                                                       MET04990
                                                       MET05000
                                                       MET05010
                                                       MET05020
                                                       MET05030
                                                       MET05040
                                                       METOS050
                                                       MET05060
                                                       MET05070
                                                       MET05080
                                                       MET05090
                                                       MET05100
                                                       MET05110
I MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT TO TIME OF "INITIAL TEMP PROFILEMET05120
AI2(1)-0.0
SAI(1)-0.0
SAI2(1)-0.0

COMPUTE POT TEMP INTEGRALS FOR MODIFIED CARSON MIXED  LAYER HTS

DO 170 ILVLS-2,NLEV
CALL SUMI(ILVLS,PTMPM)

COMPUTE INTEGRAL OF Z WRT THETA(POT TEMP) FOR ENTIRE  PROFILE

SAI CILVLS) -AI (ILVLS) +SAI (ILVLS-1)

COMPUTE INTEGRAL OF Z**2 WRT THETA FOR ENTIRE PROFILE

SAI2 (ILVLS)-AI2 (1LVLS) -t-SAI2 (ILVLS-1)
CONTINUE

COMPUTE
DETERMINE SFC TEMP (K) AT START TIME
DETERMINE MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT OF LAST HOUR, ITLST
SET TIME INCREMENT FOR ZI CALCULATIONS

CALL MINUTE(ITIMB, ITIMM)
CALL INITTCITFST,ITLST,ITIMM)
CALL TT(ITIMM,TO)
CALL MINUTE(ITLST*100,ITLSTM)

INTEGRATE IN 15-MINUTE INCREMENTS

IN015
ITM-ITIMM
OLDHEAT-0.
DO 210 11-1,100
ITM-ITM-UNC
IF(ITM.GT.ITLSTM) GO TO 220

DETERMINE INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX, HEAT (J/M**2)
COMPUTE AREA UNDER USTAR**3 CURVE WRT TIME, USTR3  (M**3/S**2)

CALL SUMHH(ITM,HEAT,OLDHEAT)
CALL SUMW(ITIMM,ITM,USTR3)
CONVERT FROM J/M**2 TO CAL/M**2
CONVERT RHO TIMES CP TO CAL/(M**3

HEAT-HEAT/4.187
                         K)
MET05130
MET05140
MET05150
MET05160
MET05170
MET05180
MET05190
MET05200
MET05210
MET05220
METOS230
MET05240
MET05250
MET05260
MET05270
MET05230
MET05290
METOS300
MET05310
MET05320
MET05330
MET05340
MET05350
MET05360
MET05370
MET05380
MET05390
MET05400
                                      121

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
190
210
220
C
c
c
230

C
900
C
6010
6020

7030
7040
7050
7095

7110
7125
     1
     2
RHOCP-(RHO*CP)/4.187

EQUATIONS 27 AND 28 FROM USER'S GUIDE

XAI-HEAT/(RHOCP)*(1.+2.*A1)
XAI2-2.*B*TO/G*USTR3

DETERMINE HEIGHTS (M) CORRESPONDING TO GIVEN AREAS IfNDER
POTENTIAL TEMP PROFILE; DETERMINE HOURS FROM MINUTES

CALL ZZI(NLEV,XAI,XAI2,ZI,ZI2)

UPDATE ZIL ARRAY IF AT THE END OF AN HOUR

CALL HOUR(ITM,KHR)
DO 190 IHOR-1,24
IHOUR-IHOR*100
IF(KHR.EQ.IHOUR) THEN

DETERMINE WHETHER-ZI PREDICTED IS CONVECTIVE OR NEUTRAL
VALUE (WHICHEVER IS GREATER)

    IF(ZIL(IHOR).LT.AMAX1(ZI,ZI2)) THEN
        IF(ZI.GE.ZI2) THEN
            ZIL(IHOR)-ZI
          ELSE
            ZIL(IHOR)-ZI2
        ENDIF
    ENDIF
ENDIF
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
CONTINUE

WRITE 24 HOURS OF DATA TO OUTPUT FILE

DO 230 IHOR-1,24
IF(MISS(IHOR).EQ.0) THEN
    WRITE(ISURF,6010) Y,M,D,JUL,IHOR,ZIOBS(IHOR),ZIL(IHOR) ,
              USTAR(IHOR),L(IHOR),ZODAY(IHOR)
  ELSE
    WRITE(ISURF,6020) Y,M,D, JUL,IHOR
ENDIF
CONTINUE
GO TO 105

STOP

FORMAT(3(12,IX),13,IX,12,5X,2F10.0,F10.3,F10.1,E10.3)
FORMAT(3(12,IX),13,IX,12,5X,2(4X,'-9999.'),'  -999.999',
'   -9999.9',' -.999E+031)
FORMAT(T6,12,T8,12,T10,12,T12,12,T79,Al)
FORMAT(22X,4(12),38X,I2)
FORMAT(4(3X,F6.1,1X,F5.0,1X,F5.1,8X))
FORMAT(//,10X,'NUMBER OF WIND DIRECTION SECTORS FOR SPECIFYING1
/,10X,' SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS IS OUT OF  BOUNDS:  ',14)
FORMAT(//,10X,'ERROR IN WIND DIRECTION SECTOR SPECIFICATION')
FORMAT(//,10X,'DATE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN  ONSITE AND  PROFILE ',
  'DATA,',/,10X,' OR HOUR IS OUT OF SEQUENCE FOR THIS DAY:1,//,
  15X,'ONSITE DATE (YYMMDDHH) IS ',412,';  PROFILE  DATE ',
 MET05410
 MET05420
 MET05430
 MET05440
 MET05450
 MET05460
 MET05470
 MET05480
 MET05490
 MET05500
 MET05510
 MET05520
 MET05530
 MET05540
 MET05550
 MET05560
 MET05570
 MET05580
 MET05590
 MET05600
 MET0561Q
 MET05620
 MET05630
 MET05640
 MET05650
 MET05660
 MET05670
 MET05680
 MET05690
 MET05700
 MET05710
 MET05720
 MET05730
 MET05740
 MET05750
 MET05760
 MET05770
 MET05780
 MET05790
 MET05300
 MET05310
 MET05820
 MET05830
 MET05340
 MET05350
 METOS360
 MET05370
 MET05380
 METQ5390
 MET05900
 MET05910
 MET05920
 MET05930
 MET05940
,MET05950
 MET05960
 MET05970
 MET05980
 MET05990
 MET06000
                                     122

-------
7130
     1
     2
     3
7135
7140
7145
7160
8010
8015.
1
2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
2
3
8020
8080
8082
     1
     2
8085
8090

8100

8110
     1
     2
     3
  '(YYMMDDHH) IS ',412)
FORMAT (//,10X, 'DATE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN ONSITE AND OFFSITE  '
  •DATA, ',/,10X, ' OR HOUR IS OUT OF SEQUENCE FOR THIS  DAY:1,//
  15X, 'ONSITE DATE (YYMMDDHH) IS ',412, '; OFFSITE DATE ',
  '(YYMMDDHH) IS ',412)
FORMAT (//,10X, 'HOUR OUT OF SEQUENCE FOR THIS DAY: ' ,//,15X,
  'ONSITE DATE  (YYMMDDHH) IS ',412,'; HOUR EXPECTED IS ',12)
FORMAT(/,10X, 'MISSING WIND AND/OR TEMPERATURE DATA FOR ',/,15X
'(MM DD YY HH) :',4(1X,I2), '; MISSING DATA WRITTEN TO "SURFACE"
FORMAT (//,10X, 'MISSING CLOUD COVER DATA: ' ,//,15X,
  'DATE (YYMMDDHH)  IS  ',412)
FORMAT (//,10X, 'DATE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN SURFACE AND  UPPER ',
'AIR DATA :',//,15X, 'SURFACE DATE (YYMMDD) IS ',312,
';  UPPER AIR DATE (YYMMDD) IS  ',312)
FORMAT (//, IX, 'CTDM MET PRE-PROCESSOR PROGRAM (METPRO)  ',
'       VERSION  2.1       LEVEL  871022 ',//,
10X,' PROGRAM OPTIONS:  ' ,//,15X, 'MODE -  ',11,
'  IF 0, DO NOT  READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA/',/,
23X, '       ASSUME CONSTANT SITE CHARACTERISTICS ' ,/,23X,
'  IF 1, DO NOT  READ NWS SURFACE DATA NOR UPPER AIR DATA, ',/,
23X, '       BUT ASSUME VARIABLE SITE CHARACTERISTICS' ,/, 2 3X,
1  IF 2, READ NWS SURFACE DATA,  BUT NOT UPPER AIR DATA',/,23X,
'  IF 3, READ NWS SURFACE DATA AND UPPER AIR DATA1,//)
FORMAT (10X, 'LATITUDE (DEG NORTH) - ',F6.2,', LONGITUDE (DEG ',
•WEST) - »,F7.2,/,10X, 'TIME ZONE (HOURS AFTER GMT) - ',F5.1,/,
10X, 'FIXED VALUES OF SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS: ',/, 2 OX, '20 -  ',
F6.4,'M,  ALBEDO - ',F4.2,',  BOWEN RATIO -  ',F5.2,//)
FORMAT (10X, 'LATITUDE (DEG NORTH) - ',F6.2,', LONGITUDE (DEG WE
•ST) - «,F7.2,/,10X, 'TIME ZONE  (HOURS AFTER GMT) -  ',F5.1,//)
FORMAT(1X, *ZO: ' ,T9,12F6.3,/,1X, 'ALBEDO: ' ,12F6.3,/,
IX,  'BOWEN: «,12F6.3,/,1X, '(SECTOR ',11, ')',/)
FORMAT (/, IX, 'WARNING: CONVECTTVE MIXED LAYER HEIGHTS ARE NOT
 'COMPUTED IN THIS MODE; ',/, IX, 'MISSING VALUES WILL BE ',
 •WRITTEN TO THE SURFACE FILE FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS.')
FORMAT (//)
FORMAT (10X, 'f OF WIND DIRECTION SECTORS FOR SPECIFYING',
'  SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS - «,I1,//)
FORMAT (/,15X, 'WIND DIRECTION SECTORS AND ANGLE RANGES:',//,
   FORMAT (//,10X, 'SECTOR VALUES FOR  ',
      •SURFACE ROUGHNESS (M) , ALBEDO, AND BOWEN RATIO:1,//,
      IX, 'VARIABLE  JAN   FEB   MAR   APR   MAY   JUN    ',
      •JUL   AUG   SEP   OCT   NOV   DEC1,/)

   END
 MET06010
 MET06020
 MET06030
 MET06040
 MET06050
 MET06060
 MET06070
 MET06080
)MET06090
 MET06100
 MET06110
 MET06120
 MET06130
 MET06140
 MET06150
 MET06160
 MET06170
 MET06180
 MET06190
 MET06200
 MET06210
 MET06220
 MET06230
 MET06240
 MET06250
 MET06260
 MET06270
,MET06280
 MET06290
 MET06300
 MET06310
 MET06320
 MET06330
 MET06340
 MET06350
 MET06360
 MET06370
 MET06380
 MET06390
 MET06400
 MET06410
 MET06420
 MET06430
 MET06440
 MET06450
                                      123

-------
C SUBROUTINE: CUBIC
C
C PURPOSE: SOLVES A CUBIC EQUATION: 2**3 + A*Z**2 + B*Z + C - 0
C
C ARGUMENTS
C PASSED:
C A REAL COEFFICIENT OF Z**2
C B REAL COEFFICIENT OF Z**l
C C -REAL COEFFICIENT OF Z**0
C
C RETURNED:
C Z REAL SOLUTION OF CUBIC EQUATION
C
C INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: DSQRT, DSIGN, DABS,, DACOS, DCOS
C
C
SUBROUTINE CUBIC(A, B,C,Z)
C
C SOLVES FOR ONE ROOT OF THE CUBIC EQUATION:
C Z**3 + A*Z**2 + B*Z + C - 0
C
IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,0-Z)
REAL A,B,C,Z
DATA ONE/1.0/
A3-A/3.
AP»B-A*A3
BP-2.*A3**3-A3*B+C
AP3-AP/3 .
BP2-BP/2.
TROOT-BP2 *BP2+AP3 *AP3 *AP3
IF(TROOT.LE.O.O)GO TO 50
TR-DSQRT (TROOT)
APP- ( -BP2+TR) **0 . 3 3 3 3 3 3
BSV—BP2-TR
IF(BSV.EQ.O.O)GO TO 45
SGN-DSIGN (ONE , BSV)
- BPP-SGN* (DABS (BSV) ) **0. 333333
Z-APP+BPP-A3
RETURN
45 CONTINUE
C BSV (& BPP) - 0.0
Z-APP-A3
RETURN
50 CM-2 . *DSQRT ( -AP3 }
ALPHA-DACOS (BP/ ( APS *CM) ) /3 .
Z»CM*DCOS (ALPHA) -A3
RETURN
END

CUB00020
CUB00030
CUB00040
CUB00050
CUB00060
CUB00070
CUB00080
CUB00090
CUB00100
CUB00110
CUB00120
CUB00130
CUB00140
CUB00150
CUB00160
CUB00180
CUB00190
CUB00200
CUB00210
CUB00220
CUB00230
CUB00240
CUB00250
CUB00260
CUB00270
CUB00280
CUB00290
CUB00300
CUB00310
CUB00320
CUB00330
CUB00340
CUB00350
CUB00360
CUB00370
CUB00330
CUB00390
CUB00400
CUB00410
CUB00420
CUB00430
CUB00440
CUB00450
CUB00460
CUB00470
CUB00480
CUB00490
CUB00500
CUB00510
124

-------
C SUBROUTINE: DEFAUL
C
C PURPOSE: CHECK FOR MISSING DATA
C
C METHOD: SUBSTITUTE NWS DATA FROM SURF2 IF ON-SITE DATA FROM SURF1 IS
C MISSING. FLAG OR PERSIST WHERE NWS DATA IS CALM.
C
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: MODE INTEGER EXECUTION MODE (0, 1, 2, OR
C M ' INTEGER MONTH
C D INTEGER DAY
C Y INTEGER YEAR
C IHR INTEGER HOUR
C ALBEDO REAL ALBEDO FOR THIS HOUR
C
C I/O: UNIT IOUT OUTPUT FOR WARNING OF MISSING CLOUD COVER DATA
C
C COMMON: TEMP WIND INIT NCC RNET CVR IO
C
C CALLING ROUTINES: MAIN PROGRAM
C
C EXTERNAL ROUTINES: HVNET TOTAL
SUBROUTINE DEFAUL (MODE , M , D , Y , IHR , ALBEDO )
C
CHARACTER*! NWSCC
INTEGER IHR, M,D,Y,CC, MODE
C
COMMON/TEMP/T (24)
COMMON/ WIND/WSL( 24) ,A(24)
COMMON/ INIT/QR ( 2 4 )
COMMON/NCC/NWSCC ( 24 )
COMMON/RNET/RN ( 2 4 ) , QS ( 2 4 )
COMMON/CVR/CC (24)
COMMON/IO/IOPT, IOUT, ISURF, IRAWIN, ISURF1, ISURF2
C
C CHECK FOR NWS CLOUD COVER DATA IF MODE - 2 OR 3
C IF MODE - 0 OR 1, CLOUD COVER IS PROVIDED IN "SURF1"
c
IF(MODE.LE.l) GO TO 100
I?(CC(IHR) .LT.O) THEN
C CHECK FOR MISSING NWS CLOUD COVER
IF (NWSCC ( IHR) .EQ.' ') THEN
WRITE (IOUT, 7 000) M,D,Y,IHR
CC(IHR) « 0
END IF
IF(NWSCC(IHR) .EQ.1-1) THEN
CC(IHR) - 10
ELSE
READ (NWSCC (IHR) ,7010) CC(IHR)
END IF
ENDIF
C
C IF NET RADIATION IS MISSING, BUT TOTAL INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
C NOT MISSING, USE TOTAL INCOMING RADIATION TO COMPUTE THE NET.
C IF BOTH NET AND TOTAL INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION ARE MISSING,
C CALCULATE FROM THE CLOUD COVER AND SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLE
C USING THE HOLTSLAG METHOD.
C IF INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION IS MISSING, CALCULATE FROM THE CLOUD
C COVER AND SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLE USING THE HOLTSLAG METHOD.
DEF00020
DEF00030
DEF00040
DEF00050
DEF00060
DEF00070
DEFOOOSO
3)DEF00090
DEF00100
DEF00110
DEF00120
DEF00130
DEF00140
DEF00150
DEF00160
DEF00170
DEF00180
DEF00190
DEF00200
DEF00210
DEF00220
DEF00240
DEF00250
DEF00260
DEF00270
DEF00280
DEF00290
DEF00300
DEF00310
DEF00320
DEF00330
DEF00340
DEF00350
DEF00360
DEF00370
DEF00380
DEF00390
DEF00400
DEF00410
DEF00420
DEF00430
DEF00440
DEF00450
DEF00460
DEF00470
DEF00430
DEF00490
DEFOOSOO
DEF00510
DEF00520
DEF00530
ISDEF00540
DEF00550
DEF00560
DEF00570
DEF00530
DEF00590
DEF00600
125

-------
C                                                         •               DEF00610
100   IF(QR(IHR) .LT.-900.) CALL TOTAL (IHR).                               DEF00620
      IF(RN(IHR).LT.-900.) CALL HVNET(IHR,ALBEDO)                        DEF00630
      RETURN                                       '                      DEF00640
C                                                                        DEF006SO
 7000 FORMAT(/,10X,'MISSING NWS CLOUD COVER ON (MM DD YY HH):•,4(IX,12),DEF00660
     1 //,10X,'**CLOUD COVER SET TO 0 IN ORDER TO CONTINUE EXECUTION**',DEF00670
     2 //,10X,'IF NECESSARY, PLEASE EDIT SURF2 MANUALLY AND RERUN',/)    DEF006SO
 7010 FORMAT(II)                                          '               DEF00690
C                               ^                                        DEF00700
      END                                                                DEF00710
                                       126

-------

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c








c
c
c




c
c
c
c
c
c
1<

c
c
c



c
c
c


c
c
c


SUBROUTINE: HDAYUS

PURPOSE: THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES USTAR AND L FOR THE UNSTABLE CASES
(L < 0) USING THE HOLTSLAG-VAN ULDEN TECHNIQUE

METHODS: ITERATE OVER USTAR AND L

ASSUMPTIONS: CONVERGENCE IS REACHED WHEN TWO CONSECUTIVE ESTIMATES OF
L ARE WITHIN 1%

ARGUMENTS PASSED: I INTEGER HOUR
RHO REAL RHO
ANEM REAL ANEMOMETER HEIGHT
ZO REAL ROUGHNESS LENGTH

COMMON: SUMV US RNET WIND THS TEMP

INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: ABS ALOG ATAN
SUBROUTINE HDAYUS (I, RHO, ANEM, 20)

INTEGER I,ITER
REAL PSIZL, PSIZOL, RHO, EPS , VONK, ANEM, ZO , L, X, XO , LASTL, CP
COMMON/US/USTAR (24)
COMMON/RNET/RN(24) ,QS(24)
COMMON/MONIN/L( 24 )
COMMON/TEMP/T ( 24 )
COMMON/WIND/WSL(24) ,A(24)
COMMON/THS/THSTAR ( 24 )

INITIALIZE VARIABLES AND PSI VALUES'

DATA CP/1004./, PI/3. 14159/,G/9.8065S/, EPS/0. Ol/, VONK/0.4/
PSIZL-0.0
PSIZOL-0 . 0
ITER-1

BEGIN ITERATION LOOP OVER MONIN-OBUKHOV LENGTH AND USTAR

USTAR IS USED IN EQN 14 OF USER'S GUIDE
L IS USED IN EQN 1 OF USER'S GUIDE

)0 USTAR(I)-VONK*WSL(I)/(ALOG(ANEM/ZO)-PSIZL+PSIZOL)
L(I)-(-RHO*CP*T(I) *USTAR(I) **3)/(VONK*G*QS(I) )

ITERATION LOOP CHECK: STOP WHEN WITHIN 1% OF PRECEDING VALUE

IF(ITER.NE.l) THEN
IF (ABS (L(I) -LASTL) .LT. ABS (EPS*L(I) ) ) GOTO 110
END IF
«
EQN 18 OF USER'S GUIDE:

X-(1.-15.*(ANEM/L(I)))**0.2S
XO-(1.-15.*(ZO/L(I)))**0.25

EQN 16 OF USER'S GUIDE

PSIZL-2 . *ALOG ( ( 1 . +X) /2 . ) +ALOG ( ( 1 . +X*X) /2 . ) -2 . *ATAN (X) +PI/2 .
•nuxuuuxu
HDY00020
HDY00030
HDY00040
HDY00050
HDY00060
HDY00070
HDY00080
HDY00090
HDY00100
HDY00110
HDY00120
HDY00130
HDY00140
HDY00150
HDY00160
HDY00170
HDY00180
HDY00190
• HTW n n i n f\
•nux uu*uu
HDY00210
HDY00220
HDY00230
HDY00240
HDY00250
HDY00260
HDY00270
HDY00280
HDY00290
HDY00300
HDY00310
HDY00320
HDY00330
HDY00340
HDY00350
HDY00360
HDY00370
HDY00380
HDY00390
HDY00400
HDY00410
HDY00420
HDY00430
HDY00440
HDY00450
HDY00460
HDY00470
HDY00480
HDY00490
HDY00500
HDY00510
HDY00520
HDY00530
HDY00540
HDY00550
HDY00560
HDY00570
HDY00580
HDY00590
HDY00600
127

-------
        PSIZOI^2.*AMG((l.+XO)/2O+ALOG((l.+XO*XO)/2.)-2.*ATAN(XO)+PI/2.HDY00610
        LASTL-L(I)                                                      HDY00620
        ITER-ITER+1                                                     HDY00630
        GO TO 100                                                       HDY00640
110     CONTINUE                                                        HDY00650
C                                                                       HDY00660
C       EQN 24 OF USER'S GUIDE                                          HDY00670
C                                                                       HDY00680
        THSTAR(I)-QS(I)/(-RHO*CP*USTAR(I))                              HDY00690
        RETURN                                                          HDY00700
        END                                                             HDY00710
                                      128

-------
C	HORO 0 010
C SUBROUTINE: HOUR                                                        HORO0020
C                                                           '              HOR00030
C PURPOSE: CONVERTS MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT TO HHMM                        HOR00040
C                                                                         HOR00050
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: KMIN'     'INTEGER     MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT          HOR00060
C             •      KHR      INTEGER     HOURS AND MINUTES HHMM         HOR00070
C* »»«»"—^—^"**»——•«•••••••••»••«»•••• •• M* •••••« ww« ••••*•••** ••••••I «*».••«_.. «*_*4» ~HOROOOSO
      SUBROUTINE HOUR(KMIN,KHR)                                          HOR00090
C                                                                         HOR00100
C     CONVERT MINUTES  FROM MIDNIGHT TO HHMM                              HOR00110
C                                                                         HOR00120
      KHR-KMIN/60*100+(KMIN-KMIN/60*60)                                  HOR00130
      RETURN                                                              HOR00140
      END                                                                 HOR00150
                                      129

-------
C SUBROUTINE: HV
C
C PURPOSE: COMPUTES THE SENSIBLE HEAT
C
C METHOD: HOLTSLAG-VAN ULOEN
C
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: I INTEGER
C P REAL
C BOWEN REAL
C
C COMMON: TEMP RNET
C
C INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: ALOG10


FLUX FROM THE NET RADIATION



HOUR
PRESSURE
BOWEN RATIO FOR THIS HOUR




HW00020
HW00030
HW00040
HW00050
HW00060
HW00070
HW00080
HW00090
HWOOl'OO
HW00110
HW00120
HW00130
HW00140
      SUBROUTINE HV(I,P,BOWEN)                                           HW00160
C                                                                        HW00170
      REAL PRESS                                                         HWOOI30
      COMMON/TEMP/T(24)                                                  HW00190
      COMMON/RNET/RN(24),QS(24)                                          HW00200
C                                                                        HW00210
C     SET UP CONSTANTS                                                   HW00220
C                                                                        HW00230
C     XLV IS LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION FOR WATER  (J/KG)                HW00240
C     RV IS THE SPECIFIC GAS CONSTANT FOR WATER VAPOR  (J/KG-K)           HW00250
C     EPI IS RATIO OF DRY AIR AND WATER VAPOR GAS CONSTANTS              HW00260
C     GAMMA IS SPECIFIC HEAT  (CP) DIVIDED BY LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATIONHW00270
C     CG IS THE FRACTION OF NET RADIATION LOST TO THE SOIL               HW00280
C                                                                        HW00290
      DATA XLV/2.501E6/                                                  HW00300
      DATA RV/461.51/                                                    HW00310
      DATA EPI/0.622/                                                    HW00320
      DATA GAMMA/4.01808E-4/                                             HW00330
      DATA CG/0.1/                                                       HW00340
      DATA BETAP/20./                                                    HW00350
C                                                                        HWQ0360
C     CONVERT PRESSURE TO PASCALS                                        HW00370
C     COMPUTE SATURATION VAPOR PRESS (PASCALS) AT TEMP T  (K)             HW00380
C     COMPUTE SLOPE OF SATURATION VAPOR PRESS CURVE  (CLAUS1US-CLAPEYRON)HW.00390
C     (FROM STANDARD TEXTS ON METEOROLOGY SUCH AS HESS, 1959:            HW00400
C     INTRODUCTION TO THEORETICAL METEOROLOGY, P 94.                     HW00410
C                                                                        HW00420
      PRESS-P*100.                                                       HW00430
      ES-100. *10. ** (-2937.4/T(I) -4 . 9283*ALOG10 (T(I) ) +23 . S518)            HW00440
      DESDT»XLV*ES/RV/T(I)**2                                            HW00450
      S-(PRESS*EPI*OESDT)/(PRESS-ES) **2                                  HW00460
C                                                .                        HW00470
C     COMPUTE ALPHA FROM BOWEN RATIO, GAMMA/S, CG, AND RN                HW00430
C                                                                        HW00490
      Z • 1.0 + GAMMA/S                                                  HW00500
      QUP -  (1.0 - CG) * RN(I)                                           HW00510
C                                              '                          HW00520
C     ALPHA IS USED IN EQN 11 OF USER'S GUIDE                            HW00530
C                                                                        HW00540
      ALPHA - (Z*QUP)/((1.0+BOWEN) * (QUP + BETAP*Z))                    HW00550
C                                                                        HW00560
C     SEE EQN 8 OF USER'S GUIDE FOR EQUATIONS LISTED BELOW               HW00570
C                                                                        HW00580
      BETA - ALPHA*BETAP                                                 HW00590
C                                                                        HW00600
                                      130

-------
C     COMPUTE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX                                        HW00610
C      .                                                                 HW00620
      QS(I)  - (Z-ALPHA)/Z * QUP - BETA                                  HW00630
      RETURN                                                            HW00640
      END                                                               HW00650
                                    131

-------
C SUBROUTINE: HVNET
C
C PURPOSE: COMPUTES NET RADIATION FROM TOTAL INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
C
C METHOD: HOLTSLAG-VAN ULDEN
C
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: I INTEGER HOUR
C ALBEQp REAL SURFACE ALBEDO FOR THIS HOUR
C
C COMMON: TEMP INIT CVR RNET

SUBROUTINE HVNET (I, ALBEDO)
C
INTEGER I,CC
REAL ALBEDO
COMMON/TEMP/T (24)
COMMON/INIT/QR(24)
COMMON/CVR/CC (24)
COMMON/RNET/RN ( 2 4 ) , QS ( 2 4 )
C
C SET CONSTANTS: Cl, C2, AND C3 FROM HOLTSLAG - VAN ULDEN
C SB - STEFAN-BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
C
DATA C1/5.31E-13/
DATA C2/60./
DATA C3/0.12/
DATA SB/5.67E-3/
C
C COMPUTE NET RAD (WATTS/M**2) FROM ALBEDO, SOLAR INSOLATION
C SFC TEMP (JC) AND SKY COVER (TENTHS)
C
C EQN 6 FROM USER'S GUIDE
C
RN(I)-((1. -ALBEDO) *QR(I)+C1*T(I) **6-SB*T(I) **4+C2*(CC(I)/10. ) )/
. * (1.+C3)
RETURN
END
HVN00020
HVN00030
HVN00040
HVN00050
HVN00060
HVN00070
HVN00080
HVN00090
HVN00100
HVN00110

HVN00130
HVN00140
HVN00150
HVN00160
HVN00170
HVN00180
HVN00190
HVN00200
HVN00210
HVN00220
HVN00230
HVN00240
HVN00250
HVN00260
HVN00270
HVN00230
HVN00290
HVN00300
HVN00310
HVN00320
HVN00330
HVN00340
HVN00350
HVN00360
HVN00370
HVN00380
132

-------
c-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c







c
c
c


10
c
c
c
c
c
c




c
c
c
c



c
c
c
c
c
c


c
c
c
c




13



SUBROUTINE: INITT

PURPOSE: COMPUTES INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX, JOULES/M**2
(RIGHT SIDE OF EQN 27 IN USER'S GUIDE)

ARGUMENTS PASSED: ITFST INTEGER FIRST INSOLATION HOUR
ITLST INTEGER LAST INSOLATION HOUR
ITIMM INTEGER TIME 0

EXTERNAL ROUTINES: SENSE
SUBROUTINE INITT ( ITFST , ITLST , ITIMM)

REAL QST(24)
COMMON/RNET/RN(24) ,QS(24)
COMMON/US/USTAR (24)
COMMON/ SUMH/SQR (24)
COMMON/INIT/QR(24)
COMMON/WIND/WSL ( 2 4 ) , A ( 2 4 )
ITFST-9999

CONVERT QS FROM W/M**2 TO LY/MIN

DO 100 IHR-1,24
QST(IHR)-QS(IHR)/697.8
0 CONTINUE

DEFINE ITFST AS FIRST INSOLATION HOUR (I.E., HOUR BEFORE HOUR
THAT QS.GT. 0.001 LY/HR)
DEFINE ITLST AS LAST INSOLATION HOUR (I.E., HOUR AFTER ITFST
WHEN QS.LT. 0.001 LY/HR FOR 2 CONSECUTIVE HOURS)

DO 110 IHR-2,24
IF(QST(IHR) .GT. 0.001. AND. QST(IHR-l) .LT. 0.001) ITFST-IHR-1
IF(IHR.GT. ITFST. AND. (QST(IHR).LT. 0.001. AND. QST(IHR-l) .LT. 0.001)
* GO TO 120

COMPUTE AREA UNDER US**3 CURVE WRT TIME (M**3/S**2) FOR EACH
HOUR USING TRAPEZOIDS

A(IHR-1)-1800.*(USTAR(IHR-1) **3+USTAR(IHR) **3)
110 CONTINUE
120 ITLST-IHR-1

DETERMINE TIME (IN MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT) WHEN SENSIBLE HEAT
FLUX FIRST BECOMES POSITIVE.
THIS TIME IS T-0 FOR ALL TIME INTEGRATIONS.
GET WHOLE HOUR OF START TIME
•
CALL SENSE (ITIMM)
ISTART-ITIMM/60+1

COMPUTE INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX (JOULES/M**2)
MULTIPLY LY/MIN. TIMES 697.8 * 3600. - 2512080. TO GET J/M**2

DO 130 IHR-1, ITLST
IF(IHR.LT.ISTART) SQR(IHR)-0.
IF(IHR.EQ.ISTART) SQR(IHR)-QST(IHR) *2512080.
IF(IHR.GT.ISTART) SQR(IHR)-QST(IHR) *2512080.+SQR(IHR-1)
0 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

INI00020
INI00030
INI00040
INI00050
INI00060
INI00070
INI00080
INI00090
INI00100
INI00110
INI00130
INI00140
INI00150
INI00160
INI00170
INI00180
INI00190
INI00200
INI00210
INI00220
INI00230
INI00240
INI00250
INI00260
INI00270
INI00280
INI00290
INI00300
INI00310
INI00320
INI00330
INI00340
INI00350
)INI00360
INI00370
INI00380
INI00390
INI00400
INI00410
INI00420
INI00430
INI00440
INI00450
INI00460
INI00470
INI00480
INI00490
INI00500
INI00510
INIOOS20
INI00530
INI00540
INI00550
INI00560
INI00570
INI00580
INI00590
INI00600
INI00610
INI00620
INI00630
133

-------
c-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c-
SUBROUTINE: JULIAN

PURPOSE: COMPUTES JULIAN DAY FROM THE DATE

ARGUMENTS PASSED: YEAR     INTEGER     YEAR
                  MONTH    INTEGER     MONTH
                  DAY      INTEGER     DAY
                  JUL      INTEGER     JULIAN DAY

INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: MOD

      SUBROUTINE JULIAN(YEAR,MONTH,DAY,JUL)

      INTEGER YEAR,MONTH,DAY,JUL
      DIMENSION NDAY(12)
      DATA NDAY/0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334/

      JUL - NDAY (MONTH) +• DAY
      IF(MONTH.LE.2) RETURN
      IF(MOD (YEAR, 4).EQ.O) JUL - JUL + 1
      RETURN
      END
~JUL00010
  JUL00020
  JUL00030
  JUL00040
  JUL00050
  JUL00060
  JUL00070
  JUL00080
  JUL00090
  JUL00100
  JUL00110
—JUL00120
  JUL00130
  JUL00140
  JUL00150
  JUL00160
  JUL00170
  JUL00180
  JUL00190
  JUL00200
  JUL00210
  JUL00220
  JUL00230
                                      134

-------
C	MIN00010
C SUBROUTINE: MINUTE                                                     MIN00020
C                                                                        MIN00030
C PURPOSE: COMPUTES MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT                                MIN00040
C                                                                        MIN00050
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: KTIME     INTEGER     TIME IN HOURS:  100,  200,  ETC  MIN00060
C                   KMIN      INTEGER     TIME IN MIUTES  FROM  MIDNIGHT  MIN00070
C	MINO 0080
      SUBROUTINE MINUTE(KTIME,KMIN)                                      MIN00090
C                                                                      '  MIN00100
C     COMPUTE MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT FROM HHMM                            MIN00110
C                                                                        MIN00120
      KMIN-KTIME/100*60+(KTIME-KTIME/100*100)                            MIN00130
      RETURN                                                             MIN00140
      END                                                                MIN00150
                                      135

-------
C	.	.	—	--RHO00010
C SUBROUTINE: RHOO                                                         RHO00020
C                                                                          RHO00030
C PURPOSE: THIS ROUTINE COMPUTES AIR DENSITY USING THE IDEAL GAS LAW     RHOO0040
C                                                                          RH000050
C METHODS: GAS LAW                                                         RH000060
C                                                                          RH000070
C ARGUMENTS PASSED:  P     REAL     PRESSURE  (MB)         INPUT            RHO00080
C                    T     REAL     TEMPERATURE  (K)       INPUT            RHOO0090
C                    RHO   REAL     DENSITY  (KG/M**3)     RETURNED         RH000100
£————w——————>•••*• • W«»MMM«
-------
c
c
c
c
c
SUBROUTINE: SENSE

PURPOSE: DETERMINES FIRST HOUR WHERE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX IS POSITIVE
         FOR MODIFIED CARSON MIXING HEIGHT CODE

ARGUMENTS PASSED: ITIMM     INTEGER     TIME 0

COMMON: INIT
        RNET                                                 ~

EXTERNAL ROUTINES: MINUTE

    SUBROUTINE SENSE(ITIMM)

    COMMON/RNET/RN(24),QS(24)

    CHECK WHEN SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX IS POSITIVE

    DO 100 IH-1,24
    IF(QS(IH).GT.O.) GO TO 110
100 CONTINUE

    SET ITIM AS HOUR WHEN SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX FIRST GOES POSITIVE
    CONVERT HOUR TO TOTAL MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHT
    SUBTRACT OFF 30 MXNS TO GET TO CENTER OF EACH HOUR

110 ITXM-IH
    CALL MINUTE(ITIM*100,ITIMM)
    ITIMM-ITIMM-30
    RETURN
    END
-SEN00010
 SEN00020
 SEN00030
 SEN00040
 SEN00050
 SEN00060
 SEN00070
 SEN00080
 SEN00090
 SEN00100
 SEN00110
 SEN00120
-SEN00130
 SEN00140
 SEN00150
 SEN00160
 SEN00170
 SEN00130
 SEN00190
 SEN00200
 SEN00210
 SEN00220
 SEN00230
 SEN00240
 SEN002SO
 SEN00260
 SEN00270
 SEN00280
 SEN00290
 SEN00300
 SEN00310
 SEN00320
                                     137

-------
c
c
c
  SUBROUTINE:  SUMHH

  PURPOSE:  INTERPOLATE INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

  ASSUMPTIONS: INTEGRATED HEAT FLUX NOT ALLOWED TO DECREASE
  ARGUMENTS PASSED:  IT     INTEGER
                    H      REAL
                    OLDH   REAL
                                     TIME IN MINUTES
                                     INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX
                                     LAST INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT
                                     FLUX
COMMON: SUMH

INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: FLOAT

    SUBROUTINE SUMHH(IT,H,OLDH)

    COMMON/SUMH/SQR(24)

    INTERPOLATE INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX, H (LY)

    IT1-IT/60
    IT2-IT1+1
    IF(ITl.EQ.O) IT1 - 1
    H-SQR(IT1)+(SQR(IT2)-SQR(IT1))/60.0*(FLOAT(IT)-IT1*60.;

    INTEGRATED SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX NOT ALLOWED TO DECREASE

    IF(R.LE.OLDH) H-OLDH
    OLDH-H
    RETURN
    END
-SMH00010
 SMH00020
 SMH00030
 SMH00040
 SMH00050
 SMH00060
 SMH00070
 SMH00080
 SMH00090
 SMH00100
 SMH00110
 SMH00120
 SMH00130
 SMH00140
 SMH00150
-SMH00160
 SMH00170
 SMH00180
 SMH00190
 SMH00200
 SMH00210
 SMH00220
 SMH00230
 SMH00240
 SMH00250
 SMH00260
 SMH00270
 SMH00280
 SMH00290
 SMH00300
 SMH00310
 SMH00320
 SMH00330
                                      138

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c


c


c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c


c
c
c


c
c
c


c
c
c
c
c






SUBROUTINE : SUMI

PURPOSE: COMPUTES POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE INTEGRALS

ASSUMPTIONS: POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE DOES NOT DECREASE WITH HEIGHT

ARGUMENTS PASSED: ILVLS INTEGER RAWINSONDE LEVEL
PTMPM REAL * POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE

COMMON: PTEMP XSUMI

SUBROUTINE SUMI ( ILVLS , PTMPM)

COMMON/PTEMP/PRS(80) ,TMP(80) ,PTMP(80)
COMMON/XSUMI/HT(80) ,AI(80) ,AI2(80)

ASSUME POT TEMP INCREASES (OR STAYS CONSTANT) WITH Z.
COMPUTE AREA UNDER POT TEMP PROFILE FOR THE INTERVAL
ILVLS-1 TO ILVLS USING TRAPEZOIDS.

IF (PTMP( ILVLS ) .LT. PTMPM) GO TO 100

INTEGRAL OF Z WRT THETA (K-M) (LEFT SIDE OF EQN 27 IN USER'S

AI(ILVLS)-0.5*(PTMP(ILVLS)-PTMP(ILVLS-1)) *
1 (HT(ILVLS)+HT(ILVLS-1))

INTEGRAL OF Z**2 WRT THETA (K-M**2) (LEFT SIDE OF EQN 28)

AI2(ILVLS)-0.5*(PTMP(ILVLS)-PTMP(ILVLS-1)) *
1 (HT(ILVLS)**2+HT(ILVLS-1)**2)

KEEP TRACK OF LOCAL POT TEMP MAX

PTMPM-AMAX1(PTMP( ILVLS) , PTMPM)
GO TO 110

IF POT TEMP DOES NOT INCREASE WITH HEIGHT, SET AREA
UNDER CURVE EQUAL TO ZERO FOR THAT INTERVAL AND SET POT TEMP
EQUAL TO LAST MAX POT' TEMP

100 AI (ILVLS) -0.0
AI2( ILVLS) -0.0
PTMP ( ILVLS ) -PTMPM
110 CONTINUE
RETURN
END
SMI00020
SMI00030
SMI00040
SMI00050
' SMI00060
SMI00070
SMI00080
SMI00090
SMI00100
SMI00110

SMI00130
SMI00140
SMI001SO
SMI00160
SMI00170
SMI00180
SMI00190
SMI00200
SMI00210
SMI00220
SMI00230
GUIDESMI00240
SMI00250
SMI00260
SMI00270
SMI00280
SMI00290
SMI00300
SMI00310
SMI00320
SMI00330
SMI00340
SMI00350
SMI00360
SMI00370
SMI00380
SMI00390
SMI00400
SMI00410
SMI00420
SMI00430
SMI00440
SMI004SO
SMI00460
SMI00470
SMI00480
139

-------
c*
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c-
c
c
c
SUBROUTINE: SUMW

PURPOSE: CALCULATES THE AREA UNDER THE USTAR**3 CURVE WITH RESPECT TO
         TIME FROM START (RIGHT SIDE OF EQN 28)
ARGUMENTS PASSED:
          ITIMEM
          IT
          USTR3
INTEGER
INTEGER
REAL
TIME IN MINUTES
TIME IN MINUTES
AREA UNDER USTAR»*3
                                                              CURVE
COMMON:
WIND
US
INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: FLOAT
 100
 110
    SUBROUTINE SUMW (ITIMEM, IT, USTR3)

    CQMMON/WIND/WSL(24),A(24)
    COMMON/US/USTAR(24)

    COMPUTE AREA UNDER USTAR**3 CURVE WRT TIME FROM START TO TIME  IT

    ITI1-ITIMEM/60
    ITI2-ITI1+1
    IF(ITIl.EQ.O) ITI1 - 1
    ITF1-IT/60
    ITF2«ITF1+1
    IF(ITFl.EQ.O) ITF1 » 1
    SPDI-USTAR(ITIl)**3+(USTAR(ITI2)**3-USTAR(ITIl)**3)/60.0*
   1   (FLOAT(ITIMEM)-rril*60.0)
    TOTA1-30.*(ITI2*60.-ITIMEM)*(SPDlVU3TAR(ITI2)**3)
    SPDF-USTAR(ITFl) **3+ (USTAR(ITF2) **3-USTAR(ITFl) **3 )./60. 0*
   1   (FLOAT(IT)-ITP1*60.0)
    TOTA3-30.*(IT-ITF1*«0.)*(USTAR(ITFl)**3+SPDF)
    IDELT-ITF1-ITI2
    TOTA2»0.0
    IF(IDELT.LE.O) GO TO 110
    DO 100 J-1,IDELT
    TOTA2-TOTA2-»-A (ITI2-KJ-1)
    TOTA-TOTA1+TOTA2+TOTA3
    IF(IDELT.LT.0) TOTA-TOTA-A(ITI1)
    USTR3-TOTA
    RETURN
    END
             •SMV00010
             SMV00020
             SMV00030
             SMV00040
             SMV00050
             SMV00060
FROM MIDNIGHTSMV00070
             SMV00080
             SMV00090
             SMV00100
             SMV00110
             SMV00120
             SMV00130
             SMV00140
             SMV00150
             SMV00160
             SMV00170
             SMV00180
             SMV00190
             SMV00200
             SMV00210
             SMV00220
             SMV00230
             SMV00240
             SMV00250
             SMV00260
             SMV00270
             SMV00280
             SMV00290
             SMV00300
             SMV00310
             SMV00320
             SMV00330
             SMV00340
             SMV00350
             SMV00360
             SMV00370
             SMV00380
             SMV00390
             SMV00400
             SMV00410
             SMV00420
             SMV00430
                                                                         SMV00440
                                      140

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

SUBROUTINE: SUN
PURPOSE: THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES THE SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLE FOR EACH
HOUR OF THE DAY
ZONE

METHOD : CRSTER



FROM THE


DATE, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, AND TIME


PREPROCESSOR

ARGUMENTS PASSED: LAT






COMMON BLOCKS:

LONG
ZONE
•JULIAN
TSR
TSS

SOLANG

INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: SIN
• SUBROUTINE

REAL
REAL
REAL
INTEGER
REAL
REAL



COS

LATITUDE (IN RADIANS)
LONGITUDE (IN DEGREES)
TIME ZONE
JULIAN DAY
HOUR OF SUNRISE
HOUR OF SUNSET



FLOAT ASIN ACOS
SUN ( LAT , LONG , ZONE , JULIAN , TSR , TSS )
•3UHUUU.LU
SUN00020
SUN00030
SUN00040
SUN00050
SUN00060
SUN00070
SUN00080
SUN00090
SUN00100
SUN00110
S UNO 0120
SUN00130
SUN00140
SUN00150
SUN00160
SUN00170
SUN00130
SUN00190
SUN00210
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
100
c
      REAL LAT,LONG,ZONE
      INTEGER NDAYR,JULIAN
      COMMON /SOLANG/ ANGLE(24)
      DATA CONST /57.29S78/
 ZONE
 ZONE
 ZONE
 ZONE
05 -
06 -
07 -
08 -
EASTERN
CENTRAL
MOUNTAIN
PACIFIC
 ALGORITHM FOR SOLAR ELEVATION IS OBTAINED FROM CRSTER

 SINLAT-SIN(LAT)
 COSLAT-COS(LAT)
 NDAYR-JULIAN
 D"(FLOAT(NDAYR)-1.)*360./365.242
 SIND-SIN(D/CONST)
 COSD-COS(D/CONST)
 SIN2D-SIN(2.*D/CONST)
 COS2D-COS(2.*D/CONST)
 EM-12.+0.12357*SIND-0.004289*COSD+0.153809*SIN2D+0.060783*COS2D
 SIGMA-279.9348+D+1.914827*SIND-0.079525*COSD+0.019938*SIN2D
1   -0.00162*COS2D
 CAPD-ASIN(.39784989*SIN(SIGMA/CONST))
 SINCD-SIN(CAPD)
 COSCD-COS(CAPD)

 HOUR USED IS AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH HOUR

 DO 100 IHR-1,24
 GMT-FLOAT (IHR) -1. -(-ZONE
 SOLHA-15.*(GMT-EM)-LONG

 ANGLE-SOLAR ELEVATION IN RADIANS
 ANGLE(IHR)
 CONTINUE
     •ASIN(SINLAT*SINCD+COSLAT*COSCD*COS(SOLHA/CONST))
            SUN00220
            SUN00230
            SUN00240
            SUN00250
            SUN00260
            SUN00270
            SUN00280
            SUN00290
            SUN00300
            SUN00310
            SUN00320
PREPROCESSORSUNO 0330
            SUN00340
            SUNO03SO
            SUN00360
            SUN00370
            SUN00380
            SUN00390
            SUN00400
            SUN00410
            SUN00420
            SUN00430
            SUN00440
            SUN00450
            SUN00460
            SUN00470
            SUN004SO
            SUN00490
            SUN00500
            SUN00510
            SUN00520
            SUN00530
            SUN00540
            SUN00550
            SUN00560
            SUN00570
            SUN00580
            SUN00590
            SUN00600
                                       141

-------
C     STATEMENTS BELOW ARE USED TO COMPOTE LOCAL SUNRISE AND SUNSET     SUN00610
C                                                                       SUN00620
      CAPH-ACOS(-SINLAT*SINCD/(COSLAT*COSCD))*CONST/15.                 SUN00630
      TSR»( (LONG/15.+EM) -CAPH) -ZONE                                     SUN00640
      TSS-((LONG/15.+EM)+CAPH)-ZONE                                     SUN00650
      RETURN                                                            SUN00660
      END                                                               SUN00670
                                     142

-------
C SUBROUTINE: TOTAL
C
C PURPOSE: THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES TOTAL INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION FROM
C CLOUD COVER AND SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLE USING THE HOLTS LAG-
C VAN ULDEN TECHNIQUE
C
C METHODS: HOLTSLAG - VAN ULDEN TECHNIQUE
C
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: H INTEGER ' HOUR ENDING
C
C COMMON: CVR INIT SOLANG
C
C INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: MOD
SUBROUTINE TOTAL (H)
C
INTEGER H.CC
REAL AVGANG
COMMON/INIT/QR (24)
COMMON/CVR/CC (24)
COMMON/SOLANG/ ANGLE ( 24 )
C
C COMPUTE AVERAGE OF THE SOLAR -ELEVATION ANGLES AT THE BEGINNING
C AND END OF THE HOUR
C
IF(H.LE.23) THEN
AVGANG - (ANGLE (H) +ANGLE (H+l) ) /2 . 0
ELSE
AVGANG - (ANGLE(24)+ANGLE(1))/2.0
ENDIF
C
C FOR DAYTIME HOURS, COMPUTE THE INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
C (EQN 4 IN USER'S GUIDE)
C ' .
IF (AVGANG .GT. 0.) QR (H)-( 990. *SIN( AVGANG) ) -30.
C
C USE INTERPOLATION FORMULA FOR SOLAR ELEVATION ANGLES LESS THAN
C 10 DEGREES TO AVOID NEGATIVE VALUES. .
C NOTE: 141.91 WATTS/M**2 - RADIATION FOR 10-DEG ELEVATION ANGLE
C
IF (AVGANG .LT. 10.) QR(H)-141.91 * AVGANG*5. 729578
C
C HOLTSLAG CORRECTION FOR CLOUDS (EQN 5 IN USER'S GUIDE)
C
IF(CC(H) .GT.O) QR(H)-QR(H)*(1.0-0.7S*((CC(H)/10.)**3.4) )
RETURN
END
TOT00020
TOT00030
TOT00040
TOT00050
TOT00060
TOT00070
TOT00080
TOT00090
TOT00100
TOT00110
TOT00120
TOT00130
TOT00140
TOT00160
TOT00170
TOT00180
TOT00190
TOT00200
TOT00210
TOT00220
TOT00230
TOT00240
TOT00250
TOT00260
TOT00270
TOT00280
TOT00290
TOT00300
TOT00310
TOT00320
TOT00330
TOT00340
TOT00350
TOT00360
TOT00370
TOT00380
TOT00390
TOT00400
TOT00410
TOT00420
TOT00430
TOT00440
TOT00450
TOT00460
TOT00470
TOT00480
143

-------
C— — — — — — — — — — — — -- — — — --- — — — ----- ....... — .- — — — TTT00010
C SUBROUTINE: TT                                                        TTT00020
C                                                   .                    TTT00030
C PURPOSE: INTERPOLATE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AT THE START TIME!            TTT00040
C                                                                       TTT00050
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: ITIMEM     INTEGER     TIME IN MINUTES FROM MIDNIGHTTTT00060
C                   TO         REAL        TEMPERATURE AT START TIME  (K)TTT00070
C                                                                       TTT00080
C COMMON: TEMP                                                           TTT00090
C                                                                       TTT00100
C INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS: FLOAT                                            TTT00110
C                                                                       TTT00120
      SUBROUTINE TT f ITIMEM , TO )                                          TTT00140
C                                                                       TTT00150
      COMMON/TEMP/T(24)                                                 TTT00160
C                                                                       TTT00170
C INTERPOLATE SFC TEMP AT START TIME                                    TTT00180
C                                                                       TTT00190
      ITI-ITIMEM/60                                                     TTT00200
      ITF-ITI+1                                                         TTT00210
      IF(ITI.EQ.O) ITI - 1                                              TTT00220
      TO-T(ITI)+(T(ITF)-T(ITI) )/60.0*(FLOAT(ITIMEM)-ITI*60.0)           TTT00230
      RETURN                                                            TTT00240
      END                                                               TTT00250
                                      144

-------
C SUBROUTINE: WNUS
C
C PURPOSE: THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES USTAR FOR THE STABLE CASES
C          USING THE VENKATRAM TECHNIQUE
                                                               (L >  0)
C ARGUMENTS PASSED:
C
C
C
C COMMON: MONIN CVR
                        IHR
                        ANEM
                        ZO

                        US

                       ALOG
INTEGER
REAL
REAL

WIND

MIN
    HOUR
    ANEMOMETER HEIGHT (M)
    ROUGHNESS LENGTH (M)
TEMP
THS
C INTRINSIC FUNCTIONS!
C	
        SUBROUTINE WNUS(IHR,ANEM,ZO)
C
        INTEGER IHR CC
        REAL THSl,THS2,CON,ANEM,ZO,UNOT,VONK,G,L
        COMMON/US/USTAR(24)
        COMMON/MONIN/L(24)
        COMMON/CVR/CC(24)
        COMMON/TEMP/T(24)
        COMMON/WIND/WSL(2 4),A(2 4)
        COMMON/THS/THSTAR(24)
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
                                                                -WNS00010
                                                                WNS00020
                                                                WNS00030
                                                                WNS00040
                                                                WNS00050
                                                                WNS00060
                                                                WNS00070
                                                                WNSOOOSO
                                                                WNS00090
                                                                WNS00100
                                                                WNS00110
                                                                WN500120
                                                                WNS00130
                                                                -WNS00140
                                                                WNS00150
                                                                WNS00160
                                                                WNS00170
                                                                WNS00180
                                                                WNS00190
                                                                WNS00200
                                                                HNS00210
                                                                WNS00220
                                                                WNS00230
                                                                WNS00240
                                                                WNS00250
                                                                WNS00260
                                                                WNS00270
                                                                WNS002SO
                                                                WNS00290
                                                                WNS00300
                                                                WNS00310
                                                                WNS00320
                                                                WNS00330
                                                                WNS00340
                                                                WNS00350
                                                                WNS00360
                                                                WNS00370
                                                                WNS00380
                                                                WNS00390
                                                                WNS00400
                                                                WNS00410
                                                                WNS00420
                                                                WNS00430
                                                                WNS00440
                                                                WNS00450
                                                                WNS00460
CHECK CRITERIA FOR CONVERGENCE: FIRST PART OF IF-THEN STATEMENT WNS00470
COVERS CONVERGENCE CASE, SECOND PART NONCONVERGENCE.  FOR THE   WNS00480
SECOND PART, UNOT IS SPECIFIED TO EFFECT CONVERGENCE JUST BARELYWNS00490
                                                               • WNS00500
IF STATEMENT IS EQN 26 OF USER'S GUIDE
USTAR IS IN EQN 25 OF USER'S GUIDE
L IS DERIVED FROM EQNS 1 AND 24 OF USER'S GUIDE
        ASSIGN CONSTANTS: VON KARMAN CONSTANT AND GRAV. ACCEL.

        DATA VONK/0.4/
        DATA G/9.8065S/

        CONST * MAXIMUM PRODUCT OF USTAR AND THETASTAR
        BETA IS USED FOR PROFILE RELATATIONSHIPS IN STABLE  CONDITIONS

        CONST - 0.05
        BETA « 4.7

        THSl: EQN 22 OF USER'S GUIDE
        CON AND THS2: EQN 23 OF USER'S GUIDE
        UNOT: EQN 25 OF USER'S GUIDE

        THS1-0.09*(1.-0.5*(CC(IHR)/10.)**2.)
        CON-VONX/(ALOG(ANEM/ZO))
        THS2»(T(IHR)*CDN*WSL(IHR)**2.)/(4.0*4.7*ANEM*G)
        THSTAR(IHR)-MIN(THSl,THS2)
        UNOT-SQRT((4.7*ANEM*G*THSTAR(IHR)
        IF((2.*UNOT)/(SQRT(CDN)*WSL(IHR)).LE.1.0) THEN
            USTAR(IHR)»(CDN*WSL(IHR)/2.)*(1.+SQRT(1.-((2.*UNOT)/
              (SQRT(CDN)*WSL(IHR)))**2.))
            L(IHR)-(T(IHR)*USTAR(IHR)**2.)/(VONK*G*THSTAR(IHR))
          ELSE
            UNOT-SQRT(CDN)*WSL(IHR)*0.5-0.0001
                                                                        WNS00510
                                                                        WNS00520
                                                                        WNS00530
                                                                        WNS00540
                                                                        WNS00550
                                                                        WNS00560
                                                                        WNS00570
                                                                        WNSOOSSO
                                                                        WNS00590
                                                                        WNS00600
                                       145

-------
            USTAR(IHR)-(CDN*WSL(IHR)/2.)*(l-+SQRT(l.-((2.*UNOT)/        WNS00610
     1        (SQRT(CDN)*WSL(IHR)))**2.))                               WNS00620
            L(IHR)-(T(IHR)*USTAR(IHR)**2.)/(VONK*G*THSTAR(IHR))         WNS00630
        ENDIF                                                           WNS00640
C                                                                       WNS00650
C      IN THIS SECTION, SOLVE EQN 25 IN USER'S GUIDE, BUT SUBSTITUTE    WNS00660
C      FOR THETA-STAR IN THE EXPRESSION FOR UNOT; GET CUBIC EQN IN U*   WNS00670
C                                                                       WNS00680
       IF(USTAR(IHR) * THSTAR(IHR).GT.CONST) THEN                       WNS00690
            AA - -CON * WSL(IHR)                                        WNS00700
            B - 0.0                                                     WNS00710
            C « BETA * ANEM * G * CONST * CON/T(IHR)                    WNS00720
            CALL CUBIC(AA,B,C,USTAR(IHR))                               WNS00730
            THSTAR(IHR) - CONST/USTAR(IHR)                              WNS00740
            L(IHR)  » T(IHR)*USTAR(IHR)*USTAR(IHR)/(VONK*G*THSTA:R(IHR))  WNS00750
        ENDIF                                                           WNS00760
        RETURN                                                          WNS00770
        END                                                             WNS007SO
                                       146

-------
C SUBROUTINE: ZILL
C
C PURPOSE: ROUTINE CALCULATES THE NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHT
C
C ARGUMENTS PASSED: LAT REAL LATITUDE IN RADIANS
C IHR INTEGER HOUR
C
C METHOD: NIEUWSTADT INTERPOLATION OF THE ZILITINKEVICH (1972) METHOD
C USING USTAR AND L VALUES
C REFERENCES: NIEUWSTADT, F.T.M. ,1981: THE STEADY-STATE HEIGHT
-6J.ljUUU.LU
ZIL00020
ZIL00030
ZIL00040
ZIL00050
ZIL00060
ZIL00070
ZIL00080
ZIL00090
ZIL00100
ZIL00110
C AND RESISTANCE LAWS OF THE NOCTURNAL BOUNDARYZIL00120
C LAYER: THEORY COMPARED WITH CABAUW
C OBSERVATIONS, BOUNDARY -LAYER METEOR. ,20, PP.
C 3-17.
C NIEUWSTADT, F.T.M. ,1984: SOME ASPECTS OF THE
C TURBULENT STABLE BOUNDARY LAYER, 29TH
C OHOLO CONFERENCE ON BOUNDARY -LAYER
C STRUCTURE - MODELLING AND APPLICATION TO
C AIR POLLUTION AND WIND ENERGY, 25-28 MARCH.
C ZILITINKEVICH, S.S,1972: ON THE DETERMINATION
C OF THE HEIGHT OF THE EKMAN BOUNDARY LAYER,
C BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOR., 3, PP 141-145.
C
C LIMITATIONS: L MUST BE POSITIVE OR ABS(L) > 100 M
C
C COMMON: US
C MONIN
C ZILIT
C
C. CALLING ROUTINES: MAIN
SUBROUTINE ZILL(LAT, IHR)
C
In^£(*£K IHR
REAL F,L,LAT
COMMON/US/USTAR (24)
COMMON/MONIN/L (24)
COMMON/ZILIT/ZIL(24)
C TENDEG - 10 DEGREES IN RADIANS
DATA TENDEG/0. 17453 3/
C
C CALCULATE CORIOLIS PARAMETER AND SOLVE QUADRATIC EQN
C
XLAT - ABS(LAT)
C
ZIL00130
ZIL00140
ZIL00150
ZIL00160
ZIL00170
ZIL00180
ZIL00190
ZIL00200
ZIL00210
ZIL00220
ZIL00230
ZIL00240
ZIL00250
ZIL00260
ZIL00270
ZIL00280
ZIL00290
ZIL00300
ZIL00310
f*TT nni*)f\
"uXLOuJZO
ZIL00330
ZIL00340
ZIL00350
ZIL00360
ZIL00370
ZIL00380
ZIL00390
ZIL00400
ZIL00410
ZIL00420
ZIL00430
ZIL00440
ZIL00450
ZIL00460
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
TO AVOID BLOWUP NEAR EQUATOR, SET LATITUDE TO MINIMUM OF 10 DEG ZIL00470
                                                                ZIL004SO
XLAT - AMAXKXLAT,TENDEG)
F-1.4584E-4 * SIN(XLAT)
I?(USTAR(IHR).GE.O.AND.L(IHR).GE.O) THEN
QUADRATIC SOLUTION, EQN 30 OF USER'S GUIDE

   ZIL(IHR)-(-L(IHR) + SQRT(L(IHR)*L(IHR) + 2.28*USTAR(IHR)*
         L(IHR)/F))/3.8
  ELSE IF(ABS(L(IHR)).GT.100.) THEN

NEUTRAL APPROXIMATION
ZIL00490
ZIL00500
ZIL00510
ZIL00520
ZIL00530
ZIL00540
ZIL00550
ZIL00560
ZIL00570
ZIL00530
ZIL00590
ZIL00600
                                     147

-------
    ZIL(IHR) - 0.3*USTAR(IHR)/F                                 ZIL00610
  ELSE                                                          ZIL00620
    ZIL(IHR)—999.                                              ZIL00630
ENDIF                                                           ZIL00640
RETURN                                                          ZIL00650
END                                                             ZIL0066Q
                               148

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c


c
c
c
c
c
c
c











c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c












c
c
c



SUBROUTINE: ZZI

PURPOSE: DETERMINE HEIGHT CORRESPONDING TO A GIVEN AREA UNDER THE
POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE

ARGUMENTS PASSED: NLVLS INTEGER RAWINSONDE LEVEL
XAI REAL AREA UNDER THE POTENTIAL
TEMPERATURE CURVE
XAI2 REAL
ZI REAL CONVECTIVE MIXED LAYER HT
ZI2 REAL MECHANICAL MIXED LAYER HT
.
COMMON: XSUMX HMI
SUBROUTINE ZZI (NLVLS, XAI, XAI2 , ZI, 212)

COMMON/XSUMI/HT(30) ,AI(80) ,AI2(30)
COMMON/HM1/SAI (SO) ,SAI2 (80)

DETERMINE HEIGHT CORRESPONDING TO GIVEN AREA UNDER
•POTENTIAL TEMP PROFILE' (EQN 27 OF USER'S GUIDE)

XAI IS RIGHT SIDE OF EQN 27
SAI IS LEFT SIDE OF EQN 27

DO 100 ILVLS-2, NLVLS
IF(XAI.LT. SAI (ILVLS)) GO TO 110
100 CONTINUE
ZI-3000.
GO TO 120
110 IF(SAI(ILVLS) .EQ.SAI(ILVLS-l)) THEN
ZI • HT(ILVLS-l)
GO TO 120
ENDIF
ZI-HT (ILVLS-1) + (HT ( ILVLS) -HT ( ILVLS-1) ) /
1 (SAI (ILVLS) -SAI (ILVLS-1) ) * (XAI-SAI (ILVLS-1) )

ZI IS THE CONVECTIVE MIXED LAYER HEIGHT

SECTION BELOW HANDLES EQN 28 OF USER'S GUIDE

XAI2 IS RIGHT SIDE OF EQN 28
SAI2 IS LEFT SIDE OF EQN 28

120 DO 130 ILVLS-2, NLVLS
IF (XAI2.LT.SAI2( ILVLS)) GO TO 140
130 CONTINUE
212-3000.
GO TO 150
140 IF (SAI2 (ILVLS) .EQ.SAI2 (ILVLS-1)) THEN
ZI2 - HT( ILVLS-1)
GO TO 150
ENDIF
ZI2-HT(ILVLS-1)+(HT(ILVLS)-HT(ILVLS-1) )/
1 (SAI2 (ILVLS) -SAI2 (ILVLS-1) ) * (XAI2-SAI2 (ILVLS-1) )
150 CONTINUE

ZI2 IS THE MECHANICAL MIXED LAYER HEIGHT

RETURN
END

ZZI00020
ZZI00030
ZZI00040
ZZI00050
ZZI00060
ZZI00070
ZZI00080
ZZI00090
ZZI00100
(M) ZZI00110
(M) ZZI00120
ZZI00130
ZZI00140
ZZI00160
ZZI00170
ZZI00180
ZZI00190
ZZI00200
ZZI00210
ZZI00220
ZZI00230
ZZI00240
ZZI00250
ZZI00260
ZZI00270
ZZI00280
ZZI00290
ZZI00300
ZZI00310
ZZI00320
ZZI00330
ZZI00340
ZZI00350
ZZI00360
ZZI00370
ZZI00380
ZZI00390
ZZI00400
ZZI00410
ZZI00420
ZZI00430
ZZI00440
ZZI00450
ZZI00460
ZZI00470
ZZI00480
ZZI00490
ZZI00500
ZZI00510
ZZI00520
ZZI00530
ZZI00540
ZZI00550
ZZI00560
ZZI00570
ZZI00580
ZZI00590
ZZI00600
zziooeio
ZZI00620
149

-------