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CONTENTS
Opening Statement - Murray Stein
Hon. Stewart L. Udall
H. W. Poston
Grover Cook
Loring P. Oeming
Ralph W. Purdy
Dr. E. W. Arnold
George Eagle
Blucher A. Poole
Walter A. Lyon
Dwight Metzler
Robert D. Hennlgan
Stanley P. Spislak
Summary
PAGE
3
6
10
27
71
71
203
207
472
521
523
550
557
* *• *
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2
ThirC meeting in the Matter
of Pollution of the Waters of Lake Erie and its Tributaries,
convened at 10:05 a.m., on June 2.2., 1966, at the Statler-
Hilton Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio.
PERMANENT CHAIRMAN:
Mr. Murray Stein, Assistant Commissioner
for Enforcement, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Department of the Interior
CHAIRMAN, MORNING OF JUNE 22, 1966:
Hon. Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior
ALSO PRESENT:
Hon. James M. Quigley, Commissioner', Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration
CONFEREES:
Mr. Blucher A. Poole, Technical Secretary,
Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
Mr. Loring F. Oeming, Executive Secretary,
Michigan Water Resources Commission
Mr. Robert D. Hennigan, Director, Bureau of
Water Resources, State of New York
Mr. Dwight Metzler, Deputy Commissioner, New
York State Department of Health
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2-A
CONFEREES (Continued):
Mr. Robert W. Teater, Assistant Director,
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Dr. E. W. Arnold, Director, Ohio Department
of Health
Mr. George Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio Depart-
ment of Health
Mr. Walter A. Lyon, Director, Division of
Sanitary Engineering, Pennsylvania Department of
Health
Mr. Larry Miller, Sanitary Engineer for
Region 3 of Pennsylvania Department of Health
Mr. H. W. Poston, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration, Department of the Interior,
Chicago, Illinois
PARTICIPANTS:
Grover Cook, Chief, Enforcement Activities,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Great Lakes Region
Ralph W. Purdy, representing the Michigan
Water Resources Commission
Dr. E. W. Arnold, Director, Ohio Department
of Health
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2-B
PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED):
Stanley P. Spisiak, Representing the New York
State Conservation Council
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE:
Dr. Thomas Acker, Assistant Professor of Biology,
>hn Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio
A. V. Agnew, Superintendent, Water and Sewage
Department, City of Lorain, Ohio
Robert H. Anderson, Project Manager, Stanly
Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. James H. Angel, Chairman, Citizens for Land
and Water Use, League of Women Voters, Lakewood, Ohio
H. Duane Applequist, Coordinator, The Standard
Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio
Joseph August, Manager, Sales Tech. Service, Sohio,
Cleveland, Ohio
John Barrett, Superintendent, Westerly Water
Pollution Control Plant, Cleveland, Ohio
G. G. Becher, Manager, Ernst & Ernst, Cleveland,
Ohio
Ralph J. Bernhagen, State Geologist, Chief, Ohio
Division, Geological Survey, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Columbus, Ohio
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2-C
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Stanley Berke, Shaker Heights, Ohio
Jack P. Berry, District Manager, Nalco Chemical,
Solon, Ohio
Louis F. Birkel, Superintendent, Water Management.,
Republic Steel, Cleveland, Ohio
Charles Boatner, Assistant to the Secretary,
Director of Information, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C.
Mrs, H. E. Boehm, League of Women Voters, Cleveland,
Ohio
A. D. Brandt, Manager, Industrial Health
Engineering, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania
Theodore E. Brenner, Research Director, The Soap
and Detergent Association, New York, New York
David L. Burre, Sanitary Engineer, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
Daniel B. Burke, General Manager, Radio Station
WJR, Detroit, Michigan
Charles R. Collier, Assistant District Chief,
United States Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio
Thomas Colpetzer, Assistant Lake County Sanitary
Engineer, Painesville, Ohio
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2-D
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Frederick J. Condon, Research and Development,
International Pipe and Ceramics, Inc., Parsippany,
New Jersey
Robert Cottrill, District Sanitary Engineer, Ohio
Department of Health, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Richard S. Gray, Public Relations, Cleveland
Electric Illuminating Company, Cleveland, Ohio
Hugh Danaceau, Reporter, Chagrin Palls, Ohio
Charles Day, News Director, Radio Station WGAR,
Cleveland, Ohio
R. J. Dougherty, Chief Sanitary Engineer, Radcoff
Associates, Cleveland, Ohio
E. V. Ehrbar, Pollution Control Engineer, Lubrizol
Corporation, Wickliffe, Ohio
Seba H. Estill, Izaak Walton League, Cleveland, Ohio
John Co Everett, Chief, Plant Services Division,
NASA, Cleveland, Ohio
Richard Forster, Senior Information Specialist,
New York State Health Department, Albany, New York
Thomas G. Frangos, Executive Director, Michigan
State Legislative Committee on Water Resources Planning,
E. Lansing, Michigan
Mary Pulmer, Engineer, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio
John J. Garner, Lake County Sanitary Engineer,
Painesville, Ohio
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2-E
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Mrs. David Garland, President, League of Women
Voters, Euclid, Ohio
Mrs. Ira E. Garver, Treasurer, League of Women
Voters, Director, Cuyahoga River Reclamation Commission,
Citizens' Coordinating Committee, Cuyahoga Palls, Ohio
Carolyn Gazdik, Secretary, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
Walter E. Gerdel, Commissioner, Division of Water
Pollution Control, City of Cleveland, Ohio
Thomas M. Gibson, Manager, Hudson Worthington
Associates, Hudson, Ohio
Richard W. Gilbert, District Sanitary Engineer,
Ohio Department of Health, Cuyahoga Palls, Ohio
James A. Gouck, Supervisor, Effluent Control,
Allied Chemical Corporation. Buffalo, New York
Nicholas M. Graziano, Treasurer, Rand Development
Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio
Stephen B. Hagenboom, Chemist, Man-Gill Chemical
Company, Euclid, Ohio
G. A, Hall, Engineer-Secretary, Water Pollution
Control Board, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
George Harlow, Director, Lake Huron Program Office,
Grosse lie, Michigan
Robert P. Hartley, Oceanographer, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
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2-F
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Richard D. Hall, Staff Engineer, Diamond Alkali
Company, Cleveland, Ohio
Frank Hall, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Chicago, Illinois
Ted Heineman, Consulting Engineer, Mentor, Ohio
G. LaMar Hubbs, Director, Lake Erie Program
Office, Cleveland, Ohio
George W. Huber, Chemist, Cleveland Electric
Illuminating Company, Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. J. Louis Hanna, Water Resource Study Chairman,
League of Women Voters, Euclid, Ohio
Lansing C. Hoskins, M.D., Committee on Pollution
of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, Cuyahoga County
Medical Society, Cleveland, Ohio
Paul A. Johnson, Water Quality Coordinator, City
of Akron, Ohio
Cliff R. Hindman, Associate, Burgess & Niple, Ltd.,
Mentor, Ohio
Phil Jones, News Editor, Radio Station WJR, Detroit,
Michigan
Edward F, Kehoe, Administrative Assistant, Congress-
man M. A. Feighan, Cleveland, Ohio
Jim Kerwln, Reporter, Detroit News, Detroit,
Michigan
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2-G
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
F. W. Klttrell, Chief, Pollution Evaluation,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Cincinnati, Ohio
K. L. Kollar, Director, Water Industries and
Engineering Services, United States Department of
Commerce, Washington, D. C.,
Ray Kozlowski, News Editor, Radio Station WGAR,
Cleveland, Ohio
Robert G. Klausner, Rackoff Associates, Cleveland,
Ohio
Carole Kramer, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
Edward A. Kramer, Sanitary Engineer, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
Byron S. Krantz, Field Representative to Senator
Stephen M. Young, Cleveland, Ohio
Lawrence R. Kumnick, Loss and Waste Control
Engineer, Sun Oil Company, Toledo, Ohio
Frank Lectaks, Editorial Writer, WJW Radio arid
TV, Cleveland, Ohio
Tom LaRochelle, Reporter, Akron Beacon Journal,
Northampton, Ohio
Rosanne Light, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Washington, D. C.
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2-H
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Mrs. George Lowry, League of Women Voters,
Euclid, Ohio
James McDonald, Construction Program Representa-
tive, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Chicago, Illinois
Albert M. Lord, Senior Engineering Specialist,
TRW, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
Kenneth M. Mackenthun, Aquatic Biologist, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, Cincinnati,
Ohio
D. R. Malthaner, Chief Metallurgist, General
Motors Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio
John Mahoney, Reporter, WJW-TV, Cleveland, Ohio
'Philip Q. Maiorana, Superintendent, City of
Loraln Sewage Treatment Plant, Lorain, Ohio
Mrs. Don W. Maurus, League of Women Voters,
Wickliffe, Ohio
Mrs. L. Merkle, Sr., League of Women Voters,
Cleveland, Ohio
Steohen Megregian, Deputy Project Director, Great
Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, Chicago, Illinois
Mrs. Lillian Miller, Water Chairman, League of
Women Voters, Cleveland, Ohio
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2-1
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Hal Morgan, News Reporter, WJW Station, Cleveland,
Ohio
Henry Moss, Consultant, Monsanto Company, St.
Louis, Missouri
Don Mortimer, Assistant Executive Secretary,
Academy of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
Barbara J. Nelson, Engineering Aide, Citizens
for Land and Water Use, Akron, Ohio
George Newell, Engineer, Sewer Design, City of
Cleveland, Ohio
Richard P. Noland, Principal Engineer, Burgess &
Niple, Ltd., Columbus, Ohio
William E. Norris, Sanitary Engineer, Burgess &
Niple, Ltd., Columbus, Ohio
Mary Nyests, Engineering Aide, Water Quality
Management, Akron, Ohio
Mrs. Burks Oakley, League of Women Voters,
Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. Paul Olynyk, Associate Professor, Cleveland
State University, Cleveland, Ohio
Harriet Roth Parsons, Attorney, Willoughby, Ohio
R. G. Paulette, Project Manager, Stanley Engineering
Company, Uscatine, Iowa
Ben Phlegar, U.S. News & World Report, Detroit,
Michigan
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2-J
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Rheta Piere, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Washington, D. C.
P. F. Pokorny, Optomestrist, Anti-Spraying
Committee, Cleveland, Ohio
Ralph Porges, Deputy Chief, Technical Advisory
and Investigations, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio
G. D. Pratt, Sanitary Engineer, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration, Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. A. R. Purins, Cleveland, Ohio
H. J. Rand, President, Rand Development Corpora-
tion, Cleveland, Ohio
Art Robinson, Public Relations Officer, Ohio
Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
John E. Richards, Engineer-in-Charge, Sewage
and Industrial Wastes, Ohio Department of Health,
Columbus, Ohio
Frazier Reams, Jr., State Senator, Toledo, Ohio
William J. Riley, Sanitary Engineer, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, Chicago,
Illinois
Herbert Salsbury, Supervisor, Water and Waste
Treatment, Campbell Soup Company, Napoleon, Ohio
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2-K
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
N. E. Sanders, Resident Engineer, U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Cleveland, Ohio
Neil E. Seyler, Superintendent, Operations,
Allied Chemical Corporation, Painesville Plant,
Morristown, New Jersey
Ruth Seymour, League of Women Voters, Cuyahoga
Falls, Ohio
Albert M. Shannon, Chief, Water and Sewage
Treatment, City of Detroit, Michigan
Allan M. Shapiro, Data Processing Chief, Lake
Erie Program Office, Cleveland, Ohio
Leila Shrigawa, Secretary, Three Rivers Watershed
Organization, Leaecue of Women Voters, Cleveland, Ohio
George D. Simpson, Partner, Havens & Emerson
Consulting Engineers, Cleveland, Ohio
William R. Sigler, Commercial Analyst, Diamond
Alkali, Cleveland, Ohio
Willard P. Schade, Partner, Willard P. Schade
& Associates, Cleveland, Ohio
Edward P. Stevenson, Civil Engineer, NASA,
Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. Kenneth L. Stevens, President, Citizens for
Land and Water, Akron, Ohio
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2-L
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Jack M. Stewart, President, Industrial Tech-
nological Associates, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
A. D. Staursky, Assistant Director of Public
Relations, United States Steel Corporation, Cleveland,
Ohio
Stanley H. Suttom, Partner, Havens & Emerson,
Cleveland, Ohio
David W. Swetland, Western Reserve Historical
Society, Natural Science Museum, Cleveland Health
Museum, Cleveland, Ohio
Nelson S. Talbott, Cleveland, Ohio
J. R. Thrasher, Project Engineer, American
Industrial Disposal, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
John S. Tygert, Project Engineer, New York State
Department of Health, Buffalo, New York
Richard A. Vanderhoof, Regional Director, Ohio
Basin, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Effie M. Wandland, League of Women Voters,
Willoughby, Ohio
R, W. Warner, Waste Disposal Supervisor,
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Barberton, Ohio
P. J. Weaver, Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
Eugene W. Weber, Commissioner, International Joint
Commission, Washington, D. C
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2-M
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Edward T. Wellejus, Editorial Writer, Erie Times,
Erie, Pennsylvania
Ed Whipple, Columbus Correspondent, Toledo Blade,
Ohio
John J. Wirts, Chemical Engineer, Easterly
Pollution Control Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Donald J. Yark, Director of Public Utilities, City
of Toledo, Ohio
George R. Tallon, Senior Scientist, Koppers
Company, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania
Lyle A. Miller, Consultant, James Campbell Smith,
Inc., Willoughby, Ohio
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Opening Statement - Mr, Stein
OPENING STATEMENT
BY
MR. MURRAY STEIN
MR. STEIN: The Meeting is open.
This is the Third Meeting in the Matter of
Pollution of the Waters of Lake Erie, held under the
provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
In order to save time, I wonder if we may have
all the conferees at the head table introduce themselves
and their States. Let's start with you, Mr. Hennigan.
MR. HENNIGAN: Robert D. Hennigan, Director of
the Bureau of Water Resources, New York State Department
of Health.
MR. METZLER: Dwight Metzler, Deputy Commissioner,
State Health Department, New York, in charge of the water
pollution program.
MR. TEATER: Bob Teater, Assistant Director,
Department of Natrual Resources, Ohio, representing Fred
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Morr, who is one of the Ohio conferees.
MR. EAGLE- George Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio
Department of Health.
DR. ARNOLD: Dr. Arnold, Director of the Ohio
Department of Health, and Chairman of the Ohio Water
Pollution Control Board.
MR. QUIGLEY: Jim Quigley, Commissioner of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
MR. POOLE: Blucher Poole, Technical Secretary
of the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board.
MR. OEMING: Loring F, Oeming, Executive
Secretary, Michigan Water Resources Commission, Conferee.
MR. LYON: Walter Lyon, Director of the Division
of Sanitary Engineering, Pennsylvania Department of Health.
MR. MILLER: Larry Miller, Regional Sanitary
Engineer, Northwestern Section of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
State Department of Health.
MR. STEIN: And, as you know, my name is Murray
Stein and I am from headquarters, Department of the Interior,
This is the first look you have at us in a new
Department, the Department of the Interior. I know I have
found it refreshing being in Interior, and I suspect you
will find the same thing.
We do have a Secretary of the Interior who has
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5
an abiding and deep interest in this program. He has
come here with us and will chair this Meeting as long as
he is here.
I would like to introduce at this time the
Honorable Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall.
(Rising Applause.)
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Secretary Udall
STATEMENT OP THE HONORABLE STEWART
L. UDALL, SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR
SECRETARY UDALL: Thank you very much, Murray.
I want to be very brief, because I am here
primarily to listen.
I will have some questions to ask, I am sure,
as we go along, and I will have some observations to make
when we finish this morning.
Today, before my participating in the Meeting
this morning, Congressman Vanik and the Mayor invited me
to take a noon trip along the Cuyahoga. We are going to
sort of get the feel or the smell of some of your problems
during the noon hour.
Then I have an interesting trip this afternoon
on the old Ohio Canal and will go down to Akron and Canton,
Congressman Vanlk has made the suggestion that
perhaps here is an opportunity for a major conservation
project that my Department in the Federal Government might
be involved in, of preserving this old canal and its
environs as a fine recreation area for this region.
I think, Congressman Vanik, if I may say so,
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Secretary Udall
Ohio is one of the few States where the National Park
Service of the Federal Government does not have a major
conservation project. Maybe this is the place where we
should do it.
President Johnson has expressed to me many times
that we need to make the big effort in air pollution,
water pollution and outdoor recreation where the people are,
near the big cities. We will look into this with great
interest.
With regard to the Meeting this morning, I have
only two or three observations that I would like to make.
This is the first conference of this kind I have
participated in since the Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion was transferred to my Department from the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare six weeks ago.
I came here for a deliberate reason. I came on
the recommendation of Commissioner Quigley and Murray
Stein, because I think this is one of the real battlegrounds
or proving grounds with regard to the war on water pollution,
The Great Lakes represent the finest fresh water
resource that this Nation has. The lakes are in trouble,
and the one that is in the most trouble is Lake Erie.
It seems to me that if we can lick the water
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Secretary Udall
pollution problem in the next few years on Lake Erie,
we can lick the problem nationwide. If we can't get on
top of it here, we are obviously going to fail.
Therefore, nearly a year after the conferences
that were held in August, I think it is very vital that
we come back here and, in effect, have a report session
and find out what is being done, find out what needs to be
done. This is particularly true in light of the fact that
my Department is now in the picture and we want, with all
of our responsibilities, to focus clearly on what is being
done.
So I am delighted to preside here this morning
and participate in this Meeting.
Commissioner Quigley and Murray Stein have
suggested the procedure this morning, because I would like
to hear the major presentations. Maybe we ought to hear
a presentation of what the Federal Government has and has
not been doing -- for us to confess our sins and short-
comings at the beginning. Then perhaps we will hear from
Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, New York and Pennsylvania, in
that order.
Let us proceed ahead with the presentations and
reports this morning. We can have a lively discussion as
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Secretary Udall
we go ahead.
I was scheduled initially to leave at 11:30,
but will stay a little later, if necessary, in order to
get right down to the crux of the matter.
Thank you very much.
(Applause.)
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H. W. Poston
STATEMENT OP H. W. POSTON, FEDERAL CON-
FEREE, FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
MR. POSTON: My name is H. W. Poston, and I am
the Federal Conferee representing the United States Depart-
ment of the Interior for the purposes of the Meeting in
the matter of pollution of Lake Erie and its tributaries.
I am also the Acting Regional Director of the Great Lakes
Region of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
The enforcement conferences held in Cleveland
and Buffalo in August of 1965 resulted in a set of conclu-
sions and recommendations which were unanimously agreed upon
by the conferees and were adopted subsequently by the
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Among these
recommendations, several required action on the part of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. The recom-
mendation numbers to which I will refer are those of the
Summary of the Second Session of the Lake Erie Enforcement
Conference held in Buffalo on August 10-12, 1965. I will
report briefly on the activities of our agency in furthering
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H. W. Poston
the aims of those recommendations for which we have a direct
responsibility.
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation #11 requires that:
"Combined storm and sanitary sewers are to
be prohibited in all newly developed urban areas,
and eliminated in existing areas wherever feasible."
In furtherance of this recommendation, the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration has reviewed
plans for several urban renewal projects financed by the
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in
the Lake Erie drainage basin which originally proposed the
construction of combined sewers. Our recommendation for
the construction of separate storm and sanitary sewers will
be complied with at the following projects:
l) University-Euclid Urban Renewal Project,
Cleveland, Ohio;
2) Vistula Meadows Urban Renewal Project,
Toledo, Ohio;
3) Cascade Urban Renewal Project, Akron, Ohio.
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H. W. Poston
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation number 15 requires the conferees
to meet with "representatives of Federal, State, and local
officials responsible for agricultural, highway and community
development programs for the purpose of supporting satis-
factory programs for the control of runoff which deleteriously
affects water quality in Lake Erie."
On June 17, 1966, a meeting was held in Pittsburgh
to discuss pollution caused by highway construction. In
attendance were top-ranking officials of the United States
Bureau of Public Roads, the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, the highway departments of Ohio and Penn-
sylvania, and the Ohio State Department of Health. Plans are
being made to meet with representatives of agriculture and
planning agencies, as recommended in the Summary.
The Federal and State highway officials indicated
great interest in minimizing pollution, and have received
an Instructional Memorandum from the Federal Highway
Administrator to conduct the Federal highway program in
such a way as to be in compliance with President Johnson's
Executive Order No. 11258. (Pertaining to pollution from
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H. W. Poston
Federal or Federally financed projects.)
The State highway engineers reported that their
agencies are taking steps to carry out the elements of the
Instructional Memorandum issued by the Federal Highway
Administrator. They stated that the greatest pollutional
effect is erosion of soils during road construction. They
believe there has been progress in getting earlier ground
cover, but erosion during construction is still the biggest
control problem.
Further conferences will be held as required to
discuss specific remedial steps that can be taken to control
pollution caused by soil erosion during highway construction.
RECOMMENDATION #19
Recommendation #19 obliged the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration to "establish water pollution
surveillance stations at appropriate locations on Lake Erie"
and to "assist the States at such times as requested" in
the surveillance of the tributaries.
A Federal surveillance program has been estab-
lished in the western portion of Lake Erie covering Michigan
and Ohio waters. Plans are presently being prepared which
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H. W. Poston
will provide a more complete surveillance program on Lake
Erie to evaluate the effectiveness of pollution control
practices in local and lake-wide situations, to determine
needs in local and lake-wide pollution situations, and to
determine cause and effect relationships among chemical,
biological and physical factors in lake eutrophication.
To evaluate the effectiveness of pollution
control practices in Lake Erie, seasonal and long-term
changes will be measured in mid-lake water in all three of
the lake's basins. Much of this can be done most efficiently
by automatic recording of five factors:
(l) Dissolved oxygen;
(2) conductivity;
(3) water temperature;
(4) water transparency; and
(5) wind velocity and direction.
In addition to automatic monitoring, lake survey
cruises will be necessary at approximately two-week inter-
vals at ten preestablished stations in each of the three
lake basins. Lake bottom samples will also be collected at
each of the stations once each in the spring, summer and
fall.
Surveillance of local effects of pollution
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H. W. Poston
control practices will necessitate periodic sampling near
lakeshore outfalls, the mouths of tributaries, and at dredge
dumping grounds within the lake.
Sludge deposits at the mouths of each of the
tributaries and at lake bottom dredge dump areas will be
sampled seasonally.
The East Harbor, Lorain, Cleveland, Erie, Dunkirk
and Buffalo beach areas will be sampled periodically to
monitor bacterial water quality.
RECOMMENDATION #20
Recommendation #20 gives the Federal Government
responsibility "for developing up-to-date information and
experience concerning effective phosphate removal and the
control of combined sewer systems" and requires that this
information "be reported to the conferees regularly."
Information has been made available by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to the States
and municipalities on both phosphate removal and on control
of combined sewer systems. The Technical Committee heard
from Federal Water Pollution Control Administration scientists
and engineers and private consultants were made available.
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H. W. Poston
The Chief of the Technical Services Branch, Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration, met with the Michigan
Water Resources Commission to relate recent experiences
in phosphate removal. Several sites are now being surveyed
in the Lake Erie area for a field demonstration of phosphate
removal at one or more operating sewage treatment plants.
The new Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 pro-
vides for 50 percent grants for demonstrations of sewer
separations, and some of the cities in the Lake Erie
conference area have applied.
An annotated selected bibliography of the
biological effects of "Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water"
has been prepared and distributed by our agency, and the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration is now pre-
paring a summary review of the literature and a report on
research activities on phosphate removal.
RECOMMENDATION #21
Recommendation #21 states that:
"Regional planning is often the most logical
and economical approach toward meeting pollution
problems. The water pollution control agencies of
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H. W. Poston
Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York,
and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
will encourage such regional planning activities."
Regional planning on pollution problems was
furthered by the provision of the Water Quality Act of 1965
that permits construction grant increases on 10 percent where
a sewage treatment plant project is certified as conforming
with a comprehensive metropolitan area plant. Such increased
grants have been made to Detroit, $60,000; Oakland County,
Michigan, $18,624; the 8-£ Mile Relief Drain in Macomb County,
Michigan, $110,715; and Sylvania, Ohio, $20,340. The total
10 percent grant increases amount to $209,679. Meetings have
also been held with some conference area regional planning
agencies.
In addition to the 10 percent construction grant
increases, a total of 15 regular construction grants,
amounting to $4,089,190, in support of eligible construction
of $14,121,147, have been made to communities in the Lake Erie
Basin since last summer.
RECOMMENDATION #24
Recommendation #24 of the conference summary requires
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H. W. Poston
that needed waste treatment facilities at Federal installa-
tions are to be completed and in operation by August of 1966,
This recommendation supports Executive Order 11258, which
requires that all Federal installations provide secondary
treatment facilities.
There are 323 Federal installations in the
conference area, 284 of which discharge waste waters to
municipal sewer systems. The treatment provided by these
municipal systems is as follows:
a) 3 installations discharge to municipal systems
providing no treatment.
b) 79 installations discharge to municipal systems
providing primary or intermediate treatment.
c ) 202 installations discharge to municipal systems
providing secondary treatment.
Of the installations or portions of installations
not discharging to municipal systems, 16 are Defense Area
Housing Units leased by the Army and for which the Federal
Government presently exercises no control over the waste
treatment facilities provided.
It is a pleasure to report that all except one
major Federal installation in the conference area will have
adequate treatment facilities by the deadline date of August
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19
H. W. Poston
1966. Plans are under way to place the final major Federal
Installation in compliance by next year.
SECRETARY UDALL: Mr. Poston, may I stop you at
that point? What is that installation?
MR. POSTON: The installation is the NASA Lewis
Laboratory.
SECRETARY UDALL: And what are our plans in terms
of deadlines to get on top of that problem?
MR. POSTON: The plans are under way for this
particular installation to be financed and put under con-
struction by a year from July.
SECRETARY UDALL: Is there money in the new fiscal
year budget that begins next year to accomplish this, as
far as you know?
MR. POSTON: I understand that there Is. This
will move ahead.
SECRETARY UDALL: This is, I take it, not a small
project, but a rather large one?
MR. POSTON: I think there is a gentleman back
here who might give us more information.
MR. JOHN C. EVERETT: This installation at NASA
Lewis now has a primary treatment plant, but this new job will
cost between $50,000 and $100,000, depending on the salvage
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H. W. Poston
of the old plant. Engineering studies are under way, and
we will proceed with construction when the funds are
available, as soon as possible. There is now primary
treatment at the particular plant.
SECRETARY UDALL: The reason that I wanted par-
ticularly to focus on that is that I don't think we can
be too harsh with other people for not meeting the August
deadline if we haven't met it ourselves. I think that we
should know precisely what is being undertaken and what
we propose to do.
The other thing that strikes me with regard to
the Federal Government putting its house in order, Mr.
Poston, is the previous paragraph, that in these defense
area housing units leased by the Army for which the Federal
Government presently exercises no control over waste treat-
ment facilities, it just seems to me that we need to work
with all of the other Federal agencies from here on
prospectively in terms of leases and the Federal Government's
activities. If we are going to set high standards, the
Federal Government must lead the way. I think that this
should apply both to the facilities that it owns and to
the facilities that it leases.
(Applause. )
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H. W. Poston
MR. POSTON: I would hasten to add, Mr.
Secretary, that we haven't given up on this, and we are
pursuing this matter.
MR. STEIN: If I may say something here, we
did, as Mr. Poston mentioned before, effectuate a separa-
tion of storm and sanitary sewers in urban renewal projects,
I think these three projects — and I think the
press here was very active in this — set a policy for
the country.
Now urban renewal will not permit any combined
sewers in any of its budgets throughout the country.
I think this may be a case where we may get
together with the Defense Department and be sure that the
leases contain appropriate provisions. We might try to do
that retroactively for existing leases as they are renewed.
SECRETARY UDALL: Go right ahead.
MR. POSTON: I will proceed with Recommendation
# 25.
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H. W. Poston
RECOMMENDATION #25
Recommendation #25 states that representatives
of the United States Army Corps of Engineers are to meet
with the Conferees, develop and put into action a program for
disposal of dredged material in Lake Erie and its tributaries
which will satisfactorily protect water quality. Such a
program is to be developed within six months after the issu-
ance of this summary and effectuated as soon as possible
thereafter.
On September 24, 1965, a meeting was held in
Washington with representatives of the Chief of the Corps of
Engineers and the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion. The problem of disposal of dredged material was dis-
cussed, and it was decided that the Corps would develop a
plan for disposal that would minimize pollutional effects.
Later the Corps asked the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration for economic Justification for the preliminary
estimate of the additional expense of disposal of dredging
in diked areas.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
is making a study of cost benefits that may be derived from
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23
H. W. Poston
disposal of dredged material in diked areas. Studies in
this matter will be completed in about two months.
The Corps of Engineers has written a statement
that I will read into the record of this meeting. This is
a letter to the Chairman of the Conferees, Lake Erie Enforce-
ment Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, dated 21 June 1966:
"Dear Mr. Chairman:
"The following is a summary of the actions
the Corps of Engineers has taken following the
conferees' conference of last August.
"A meeting was held in Washington, D. C.
on 24 September 1965 relative to Paragraphs 24 and
25 of the 'Preliminary Recommendations and Con-
clusions' of the conferees of the conferences held
in Cleveland, Ohio and Buffalo, New York during
August 3 to 12, 1965, on pollution of interstate
and intrastate waters of Lake Erie. This meeting
was attended by representatives of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare and the Corps of Engineers.
"Subsequent to the above meeting, a report
was prepared by the Buffalo and Detroit Engineer
Districts as to the feasibility of providing
alternate diked disposal areas at fifteen Lake
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H. W. Poston
"Erie Projects, including the Detroit and Rouge
River Projects. The report was forwarded to the
Office, Chief of Engineers on 11 February 1966.
The first cost of providing the diked disposal
areas with a 10-year life was estimated to be about
$110 million, which together with the added
dredging costs would amount to an annual charge
of about $16 million over and above the cost of
disposal by present methods.
"The report has been under review in the
Office, Chief of Engineers. On 11 April 1966, the
Office, Chief of Engineers wrote a letter to the
Honorable John W. Gardner, Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare, in which data were requested
as to the monetary benefits to be realized from the
change to using diked disposal areas in lieu of
open lake dumping of dredged materials in order to
complete our analysis and make recommendation to
higher headquarters. On 26 May 1966, a follow-up
letter was written to the Honorable Stewart L. Udall,
Secretary of the Interior, enclosing a copy of the
above letter since the pollution problem had, in
the interim, been transferred from Health, Education,
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H. W. Poston
"and Welfare to the Interior Department. To date,
the Office, Chief of Engineers has had no reply
to the above letters and has suspended further work
on evaluating the situation and moving toward
correction thereof until the requested data are
received. Upon receipt of this information, you
may be assured that the Corps will follow through
on the problem with all diligence.
"Sincerely yours,
/s/ Roy T. Dodge
Brigadier General, USA
Division Engineer"
RECOMMENDATION #26
Finally, Recommendation #26 called for the
conferees to "establish a Technical Committee as soon as
possible which will evaluate water quality problems in Lake
Erie relating to nutrients and make recommendation to the
conferees within six months after the issuance of this
Summary." The conferees developed a specific mission for
the committee.
On December 17, 1965, the Technical Committee was
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H. W. Poston
formally appointed and has since met with representatives
of Federal, State and local agencies as well as consultants
from various midwest universities. Mr. Qrover Cook, Chief
of the Enforcement Activities in the Great Lakes Region,
served as chairman for this committee and is here today to
summarize the Technical Committee's recommendations to the
conferees.
I will call on Mr. Cook at this time.
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Grover Cook:
STATEMENT OF GROVER COOK, CHIEF, ENFORCEMENT
ACTIVITIES, FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION, GREAT LAKES REGION
MR. COOK: Secretary Udall, Mr. Quigley, Conferees,
Ladies and Gentlemen: Recommendations to the Lake Erie
Enforcement Conferees by the Lake Erie Enforcement Conference
Technical Committee on Nutrients, June 22, 1966.
BACKGROUND
At the request of the Honorable James A. Rhodes,
Governor of the State of Ohio, the Secretary of the Department
of Health, Education and Welfare, under authority granted in
Section 8 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1961,
on June 23, 1965 called a conference on pollution of Lake
Erie and its tributaries. The conference was held in two
sessions, in Cleveland on August 3~5> 1965 and in Buffalo
on August 10-12, 1965. The conferees were as follows:
Mr. B. A. Poole, Indiana
Mr. Loring Oeming, Michigan
Dr. E. W. Arnold, Ohio
Mr. George Eagle, Ohio
Mr. Fred Morr, Ohio
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Grover Cook;
Mr. Richard Boardraan, Pennsylvania
Mr. Robert Hennigan, New York
Mr. H. W. Poston, FWPCA
The conference chairman was Mr. Murray Stein,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington,
D. C.
After hearing a Federal report on pollution in
the conference area, reports on pollution control activities
in each of the five States, and statements by others, the
conferees agreed unanimously on a summary containing con-
clusions and recommendations that was later issued by the
Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
on November 12, 1965. A copy of the conference summary is
attached as Appendix A.
One of the summary recommendations stated:
"The conferees will establish a Technical
Committee as soon as possible which will
evaluate water quality problems in Lake Erie
relating to nutrients and make recommendations
to the conferees within six months after the
issuance of this Summary."
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Grover Cook:
At a conferees meeting In Cleveland on
September 1, 1965 members of the Technical Committee were
selected. On December 17, 1965 the conferees met with
the designated committee members and the Lake Erie Technical
Committee on nutrients was formally established. The
following members and their alternates were appointed:
STATE MEMBER ALTERNATES
Michigan Carlos Fetterolf
Indiana Perry Miller John Winters
Ohio 3. E. Richards George Garrett
Pennsylvania Walter Lyon Daniel Bardarik
Paul Heitzenrater
New York Robert Hennigan Donald Stevens
Grover Cook, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, was appointed Chairman, and Frank Hall,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, served as
Secretary.
INTRODUCTION
At the September 1, 1965 meeting the conferees
also outlined the mission of the committee. The committee
was asked to investigate the following aspects of Lake Erie
problems:
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Grover Cook
(l) Determine the situation, past and present, in
Lake Erie with regard to nutrient levels and the
related consequences. Also determine how the
existing situation would be modified by various
pollution control methods.
(2) Determine the nutrient levels or concentrations
which constitute interstate pollution of Lake Erie,
(3) Determine the nutrient levels or concentrations
which should be established as water quality
objectives in various parts of Lake Erie.
(4) Determine the sources of nutrients entering Lake
Erie, and the percentages originating from:
detergents; other municipal wastes; industrial
wastes; and agricultural land use.
(5) Determine the nutrient balance of Lake Erie.
(6) Identify the various nutrients affecting Lake Erie
water quality and determine which are susceptible
to control.
An organizational meeting of the committee was
held on December 16, 1965, at which time it was decided
that experts in special areas related to nutrient enrichment
of lakes, and particularly those having worked on Lake Erie,
should be called in for consultation with the committee.
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Grover Cook
The following advised the committee. Their
assistance was greatly appreciated.
Dr. Edward Martin, FWPCA, Washington
Mr. C. E. Herdendorf, Ohio Department of Natural
History, Sandusky
Dr. Alfred M. Beeton, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee
Dr. Gerard Rohlich, University of Wisconsin
Dr. Matthew Hohn, Central Michigan University
Mr. John Neil, Ontario Water Resources Commission
Mr. Stephen Megregian, FWPCA, Chicago
Dr. Richard Engelbrecht, University of Illinois
Dr. Stanford Smith, U, S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries, Ann Arbor
The following also provided information:
Mr. John Carr, U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries, Ann Arbor
Mr. John Wirts, Cleveland Easterly Pollution
Control Center
Mr. Kenneth Biglane, FWPCA, Washington
Mr. G. LaMar Hubbs, FWPCA, Cleveland
Mr. Robert Hartley, FWPCA, Cleveland
Miss Linda Gordon, FWPCA, Washington
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32
Grover Cook
Mr. George Harlow, FWPCA, Detroit
Mr. Paul Olynyk, Cleveland State University
Mr. Russell Brant, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Columbus
Mr. C. Ray Ownbey, FWPCA, Chicago
The committee also wishes to thank others who
were unable to attend meetings but supplied information,
especially Dr. Jacob Verduin, Eastern Illinois University,
Mr. David Wagner, FWPCA, Chicago, Dr. N. Wilson Britt, Ohio
State University, and Mr. Harold Hall, FWPCA, Chicago.
This report to the conferees will discuss the
several aspects of the Lake Erie nutrient problems by
presenting the views of the experts who counselled the
committee. It should be stated that there was not complete
agreement among the consultants as to certain problems,
particularly in regard to the changes In the fishery. It
is, however, the concensus of everyone that an action pro-
gram is needed to reduce nutrient inputs to Lake Erie.
Hopefully, this report will add impetus to a program that
will prevent further deterioration of the Lake by emphasizing
immediate needs.
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33
Grover Cook
The mission assigned the Technical Committee on
nutrients was far-reaching and included areas which have
not yet been fully explored. However, the committee has
gained much information and data useful in achieving the
goals set forth by the conferees. Through the counsel or
specialists and committee deliberations the following con-
clusions were reached:
"(l) Determine the situation, past and present,
in Lake Erie with regard to nutrient levels
and the related consequences."
Recent changes were reported by specialists in
different fields; namely, water chemistry, physical character-
istics, algae, bottom-dwelling animals, and fishes.
Chemistry. Records from many sources over the
past fifty years show a rise in chlorides from 8 milligrams
per liter (mg/l) to 26 mg/1, and a rise in sulfates from
13 mg/1 to 23 mg/1. Good long-term records for phosphorus
are not available, but recent information indicates there
has been a substantial increase in phosphorus inputs and a
significant increase in concentration in the Lake.
During summer thermal stratification dissolved
oxygen ,1s depleted in the bottom waters of a large area in
\
the Central basin. This was first reported in 1929 and has
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Grover Cook
been observed many times since. However, the DO now appears
to reach zero, and the area where depletion occurs has
widened. This DO deficit is caused largely by organic
decomposition. (A theoretical relationship between
phosphorus inputs and DO depletion is attached as Appendix B.)
It concludes that t-he oxygen deficit observed in the Central
basin is caused predominantly by decay of organic carbon
produced through biological processes.
Physical Conditions. Records of Lake levels
have been kept for over a hundred years and fluctuations of
several feet are well known. When the Lake is high, shore
erosion occurs and some scientists believe this has contri-
buted to nutrient increases in the Lake. When Lake levels
are low, as in the recent past, a larger shoal area is
affected by sunlight and a larger crop of Cladophora
(attached algae) has been observed.
Lake currents are mostly the product of winds.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration has
measured currents near the Lake bottom with velocities as
high as 2.0 feet per second. A strong wind will induce
thorough mixing more than 30 feet deep. Strong winds also
produce an oscillation of the thermocline that results in
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35
Grover Cook
mixing of the bottom waters, but without intermixing of
the upper and lower water layers. This lack of intermixing
is significant in that the oxygen rich water of the upper
layer (epilimnlon) does not replenish the depleted oxygen
supply in the lower layer (hypolimnion), and oxygen demanding
material and nutrients do not leave the bottom waters during
periods of thermal stratification.
Another physical characteristic that may bear
upon the overall problem is water temperature. Records
show that there has been a rise of 2°F since 1936. Air
temperature, which has also risen, is probably the major
causative factor.
It is concluded that the three physical pnenomena
discussed above may be related to excessive algal growths,
but the contribution of each would be difficult to determine.
Algae. Both the microscopic suspended algae
called phytoplankton, or planktonic algae, and the
filamentous algae that grow attached to any hard sub-
surface are responsible for nuisance conditions in Lake
Erie. Of the two kinds of algae, Cladophora have been
troublesome for a longer time. The beaches on Kelleys Island
have been littered by Cladophora for perhaps 30 years.
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Grover Cook
Chemical control has not been too successful
because periods of calm are needed and chemicals work best
when applied during a rather short span in the early part
of the season. Also, the expense is very high if applied in
a large area. It is estimated that Lake Erie has at least
400 square miles where the subsurface is suitable for
Cladophora growth.
Lake-wide information on phytoplankton is rather
sparse. However, there are good data on samples taken in
Cleveland since 1929, and in the South Bass Island area over
the past 30 years. The kinds and number have changed dramatic-
ally. In 1929 the diatoms Fragillaria, Asterlonella, and
others that are common in Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan
were predominant. Today the diatoms Stephanodisous and
Gyclotella, which are typical of enriched lakes are the more
abundant kinds. In the past three years the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration has on occasion found the high-
ly undesirable blue-green algae appearing in dense "blooms."
These are typical of eutrophic lakes and are rare in lakes
like Superior and Huron. If nothing is done to minimize
the conditions that promote blue-green algae the periodicity
of blooms will increase.
Bottom-dwelling Animals. Prior to 1953
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37
Grover Cook
burrowing mayflies were by far the predominant bottom-dwelling
animals in the Western basin. In September 1953 that Lake
area became thermally stratified and dissolved oxygen was
depleted in the lower layer of water. A catastrophic die-off
of mayflies occurred. Although smaller populations were
found in 195^- the overall distribution of these important
fish food organisms declined year by year, and by 1959 only
a few could be found. Today the small worms, sometimes
called sludgeworms, and midge larvae are predominant.
It is generally believed that the prime cause of
the decline of mayflies was low DO, but other factors may
have contributed. In any event, conditions favorable to
their growth and propagation have not existed since 1959 or
earlier, and improved water quality will have to be provided
before they can repopulate that part of the Lake.
Fis_hes. Dramatic changes have occurred in the
Lake Erie fishery. Although Lake Erie is still the most
productive of all of the Great Lakes, the catch is of poorer
quality. The only high quality fish still abundant is the
perch. Blue pike have disappeared, and walleyes, whitefish
and herring are scarce. These changes are attributed to
environmental changes. Desirable fish food organisms such
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Grover Cook 38
as the burrowing mayfly and caddisfly are scarce, and the
low DO that occurs in the hypolimnion of the Central basin
creates an unfavorable habitat for both fish and the
organisms upon which they feed. If desirable species of fish
are to be restored in abundance, conditions must be made
favorable for all stages of their life, from egg to adult.
"(2) Determine the nutrient levels or
concentrations which constitute interstate
pollution of Lake Erie."
The committee was unable to obtain information
sufficiently substantive to cope with this complex question.
"(3) Determine the nutrient levels or con-
centrations which should be established as
water quality objectives in various parts
of Lake Erie."
The experts who met with the Committee were un-
willing to state what they considered to be a suitable water
quality objective for phosphates (other nutrients were not
discussed quantitatively), but they did not disagree with
the value used by Sawyer in his classical Madison, Wisconsin,
lake studies. Sawyer stated: "When the concentrations of
inorganic nitrogen and soluble phosphorus exceed 0.3 mg/1
and 0.01 mg/1, respectively, prior to the algal growing
season nuisance conditions can be expected."
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39
Grover Cook
(This report uses the term phosphate which is PC>4. Phosphate
is approximately three times heavier than phosphorus as P, so
this would be 0.03 mg/1 as phosphate.) It is generally
agreed that as far as these two nutrients are concerned this
is the best available information.
"(4) Determine the sources of nutrients entering
Lake Erie, and the percentages originating
from: detergents, other municipal wastes,
industrial wastes, and agricultural land use."
According to Mr. Charles G. Bueltman, Technical
Director, The Soap and Detergent Association, "A statistical
analysis of the potential man made sources of phosphate
(fertilizers, animal feeds, Pharmaceuticals, etc.) indicates
that detergent phosphates represent only 11-12 percent of
the total." Just how much of this actually reaches streams
and lakes is not known because a portion is removed by well-
operated secondary sewage treatment plants.
The contribution of soluble phosphate from
municipal wastes has been determined to be about 100,000
pounds per day. The total input was determined to be 174,000
pounds per day, so municipal inputs are about 60 percent of
the total.
One industry contributes about 10,000 pounds per
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Grover Cook
day, or about 6 percent of the total. The actual inputs
from all industrial sources may be as much as 10 percent.
Prom the above it appears that agricultural
land use may contribute as much as 30 percent of the phos-
phates. However, runoff from urban areas may also be
significant. A Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
research project in 1964 revealed that an urban test area
yielded 2,5 pounds of soluble phosphate per acre per year.
A city of 200 square miles could provide 220,000 pounds per year
or 600 pounds per day. This could mean that the percentage of
phosphorus from agricultural practices could be less than 30
percent.
"(5) Determine the nutrient balance of Lake Erie."
Information of soluble phosphate inputs and
discharges were obtained from the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration program offices in Detroit, Cleveland
and Rochester, New York. The following summarizes those data:
Pounds per day Source
70,000 City of Detroit STP
10,000 Industry
5,000 Canada (estimated)
3,000 Tributaries
12,000 Lake Huron discharge
35,000 Ohio Municipalities
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Grover Cook
Pounds per day Source
28,000 Ohio Tributaries
5,500 Pa. Mun. and Trlbs.
4,800 New York
174,300 Total
-24,000 Discharge via Niagara River
150,300 Net to Lake Erie
"(6) Identify the various nutrients affecting
Lake Erie water quality and determine which
are susceptible to control."
No further information was obtained on this
subject. Some of the specialists who met with the committee
mentioned nutrient substances such as nitrogen, potassium,
vitamins, and carbon, but phosphorus remains as the one element
most susceptible to control.
REG OMMEND AT IONS
In order to further the pollution abatement
measures presented in the Summary of Conference on Pollution
of Lake Erie and its Tributaries the following actions are
recommended :
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Grover Cook 42
1. The Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion is urged to expedite implementation of
Recommendation 20 which concerns development
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Ad-
ministration of up-to-date information on
phosphate removal. This information would be
supplied to a task force of engineers and
scientists in each State to work with sewage
treatment plant operators throughout the basin
to assist and consult in plant operation to
maximize phosphorus removal. This group should
have available the services of engineers and
scientists experienced in sewage treatment
plant operation for nutrient removal.
2. Development of a rapid, relatively simple
determination of low concentrations of soluble
and total phosphates. (It has been suggested
that one existing standard procedure be used
by all laboratories).
3. Sewage treatment plants routinely test for
phosphates, both soluble and total.
4. Through analysis of data provided the States
on phosphate reduction, determine whether
maximum reduction is being effected and report
findings to the conferees periodically.
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Grover Cook
5. The appropriate State and Federal agencies
be urged to step up their activities relative
to the restoration of a fishery comprised of
desirable species, and eradication of low
value species.
6. The value of 0.03 milligrams per liter for
soluble phosphate be considered a goal for
Lake Erie areas where this concentration is
exceeded before the beginning of the algal
growth season.
7. A long range surveillance program be initiated
to evaluate trends in water quality, especially
nutrient concentrations and algal growths.
8. Studies be initiated that will provide informa-
tion on nutrient contributions from agricultural
practices.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Neil, John H. and Glenn E. Owen. 1964. Distribution,
Environmental Requirements and Significance of
Cladophora in the Great Lakes. Great Lakes
Research Division, University of Michigan, Publ. 11.
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44
Grover Cook
Beeton, Alfred M. 1961. Environmental Changes in Lake Erie.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,
90 (2): 153-159.
. 1965. Eutrophication of the St. Lawrence-
Great Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 10 (2):240-
254.
Verduin, Jacob. 1964. Changes in Western Lake Erie During
the Period 1948-1962, Verh. Internat. Vercin. Llmnol,
XV:639-644, Stuttgart.
. I960. Phytoplankton Committee of Western Lake
Erie and the C02 and 02 Changes Associated with
Them. Limnology and Oceanography, 5 (4): 372-380.
. 1962. Energy Flow Through Biotic Systems of
Western Lake Erie. Great Lakes Basin American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
. 1961. Phytoplankton Communities, C02 and 02
Changes. Limnology and Oceanography, 6 (3):36?-368.
. 1963. Radioactivity of Suspensoids in Aquatic
Environments of Northwestern Ohio. The Journal
of Science, 63 (l):39.
. 1961 Measurement of Environmental Radioactivity
with Basic Counting Equipment. The Ohio Journal
of Science 6l (l) :1.
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Grover Cook
. 1961. Separation Rate and Neighbor Diffusivity.
Science, 134 (3482): 837-838.
. 1954. Phytoplankton and Turbidity in Western
Lake Erie. Ecology, 35 (4):550-56l.
. 1956. Energy Fixation and Utilization by Natural
Communities in Western Lake Erie. Ecology.
37 (1):40-50.
Scott, W. B. and Stanford H. Smith. 1962. The Oocurance of
the Longjaw Cisco, Leucichthys Alpenae, in Lake
Erie. J. Pish. Res. Bd. Canada, 19 (6) -.1013-1023.
Foerster, John W. and Harold E. Schlichting, Jr. 1965. Phyco-
Periphyton in an Oligotrophic Lake. Trans. Amer.
Micros. Soc. 84 (4):485-502.
Hartley, Robert P., Charles E. Herdendorf and Myrl Keller.
1966. Synoptic Survey of Water Properties in the
Western Basin of Lake Erie, State of Ohio,
Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Geological
Survey, Report of Investigation No. 58.
Carman, J. Ernest. 1964. The Geologic Interpretation of
Scenic Features in Ohio, State of Ohio, Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey,
Reprint Series No. 3.
Department of Natural Resources. State of Ohio. 1961. Soil
Erosion in Ohio. Division of Shore Erosion.
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Grover Cook 46
Department of Natural Resources. State of Ohio. 1961.
Preliminary Estimate of Erosion or Accretion
Along the Ohio Shore of Lake Erie and Critical
Erosion Areas. Division of Shore Erosion, Technical
Report No. 8.
Hartley, Robert P. 1961. Bottom Deposits in Ohio Waters of
Central Lake Erie. State of Ohio, Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Shore Erosion,
Technical Report No. 6.
Smith, Stanford H. 1962. Lake Erie or Lake Eerie? The Izaak
Walton Magazine.
Van Meter, Harry D. November, I960. The Yellow Perch of
Lake Erie. Ohio Conservation Bulletin.
Buettner, Howard J. 1965. Commercial Fisheries of the Great
Lakes, 1879-1963. Fishery Statistics of the
United States 1963 (Fish and Wildlife Service
Statistical Digest No. 57), Department of the
Interior.
Carr, John F. and Jarl K. Hiltunen. 1965. Changes in the
Bottom Fauna of Western Lake Erie from 1930 to
1961. Limnology and Oceanography, 10 (4) .-551-569.
Hiltunen, Jarl K. 1965. Distribution and Abundance of the
Polychaete, Manayunkia Speciosa Leidy, in Western
Lake Erie. The Ohio Journal of Science, 65
(4):i83-l85.
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Grover Cook
Carr, John P., Vernon C. App legate and Myrl Keller. 1965.
A recent Occurance of Thermal Stratification and
Low Dissolved Oxygen in Western Lake Erie. The
Ohio Journal of Science, 65 (6):319-32?.
Beeton, Alfred M. 1963. Limnological Survey of Lake Erie
1959 and I960. Great Lakes Fishery Commission,
Technical Report No. 6.
Engelbrecht, R. S. and J. J. Morgan. April, I960. Lake
Drainage as a Source of Phosphorous in Illinois
Surface Waters. Transactions of the Seminar on
Algae and Metropolitan Wastes, U. S. Public Health
Service, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Gates, W. E. and J. A. Borchardt. 1964. Nitrogen and
Phosphorus Extraction from Domestic Wastewater
Treatment Plant Effluents by Controlled Algal
Culture. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,
36 (4):443-462.
Sawyer, Clair N. 1965. Problem of Phosphorus in Water Supplies.
Journal American Water Works Association, 57
Stephan, David G. September, 1965. Water Renovation -- Some
Advanced Treatment Processes. Civil Engineering.
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Grover Cook
APPENDIX "A"
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Grover Cook *
REVISED CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
OF THE CONFEREES
CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF
LAKE ERIE AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
August 12, 1965
1. The waters of Lake Erie within the United
States are interstate waters wi^nin the meaning of section
8 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The waters of
Lake Erie and its tributaries within the United States are
navigable waters within the meaning of section 8 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
2. Lake Erie and many of its tributaries are
polluted. The main body of the Lake has deteriorated in
quality at a rate many times greater than its normal aging
processes, due to the inputs of wastes resulting from the
activities of man.
3. Identified pollutants contributing to damages
to water uses in Lake Erie are sewage and industrial wastes,
oils, silts, sediment, floating solids and nutrients
(phosphates and nitrates). Enrichment of Lake Erie, caused
by man-made contributions of nutrient materials, is proceeding
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Grover Cook 50
at an alarming rate. Pollution in Lake Erie and many of
its tributaries causes significant damage to recreation,
commercial fishing, sport fishing, navigation, water supply,
and esthetic values.
•;-, Eutrophlcation or over-fertilization of
Lake Erie is of major concern. Problems are occurring along
the Lake shoreline at some water intakes and throughout the
Lake from algal growths stimulated by nutrients. Reduction
of one or more of such nutrients will be beneficial in
controlling algal growths and eutrophication.
5. Many sources of waste discharge reaching
Lake Erie have inadequate waste treatment facilities. The
delays in controlling this pollution are caused by the lack
of such adequate facilities and the complex municipal, in-
dustrial, and biological nature of the problem.
*Representatives of: Indiana
Michigan
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
U. S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare
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Grover Cook J
6. Interstate pollution of Lake Erie exists.
Discharges into Lake Erie and its tributaries from various
sources are endangering the health or welfare of persons In
States other than those in which such discharges originate.
In large measure this pollution is caused by nutrients which
over-fertilize the Lake. This pollution is subject to abatement
under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
7. Municipal wastes are to be given secondary
treatment or treatment of such nature as to effectuate the
maximum reduction of BOD and phosphates as well as other
deleterious substances.
8. Secondary treatment plants are to be so de-
signed and operated as to maximize the removal of phosphates.
9. Disinfection of municipal waste effluents is
to be practiced in a manner that will maintain coliform
densities not in excess of 5*000 organisms per 100 ml. at
water supply intakes, and not in excess of 1,000 organisms
per 100 ml. where and when the receiving waters in proximity
to the discharge point are used for recreational purposes
Involving bodily contact. It is recognized that bathing
water quality standards are established by statute in New
York State.
10. All new sewerage facilities are to be
designed to prevent the necessity of bypassing untreated
waters.
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Grover Cook: -^
11. Combined storm and sanitary sewers are to
be prohibited in all newly developed urban areas, and
eliminated in existing areas wherever feasible. Existing
combined systems are to be patrolled and flow-regulating
Structures adjusted to convey the maximum practicable amount
of combined flows to and through treatment plants.
12. Programs are to be developed to prevent
accidental spills of waste materials to Lake Erie and its
tributaries. In-plant surveys with the purpose of preventing
accidents are recommended.
13. Unusual increases in waste output and
accidental spills are to be reported immediately to the ap-
propriate State agency.
14. Disposal of garbage, trash, and other
deleterious refuse in Lake Erie or its tributaries is to be
prohibited and existing dumps along river banks and shores
of the Lake are to be removed.
15. The conferees are to meet with representa-
tives of Federal, State, and local officials responsible for
agricultural, highway, and community development programs
for the purpose of supporting satisfactory programs for the
control of runoff which deleteriously affects water quality
in Lake Erie.
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Grover Cook: 53
16. Industrial plants are to improve practices
for the segregation and treatment of waste to effect the
maximum reductions of the following:
a. Acids and alkalies
b. Oil and tarry substances
c. Phenolic compounds and organic chemicals
that contribute to taste and odor problems
d. Ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds
e. Phosphorous compounds
f. Suspended material
g. Toxic and highly-colored wastes
h. Oxygen-demanding substances
i. Excessive heat
j. Foam-producing discharges
k. Other wastes which detract from recreational
uses, esthetic enjoyment, or other beneficial
uses of the waters.
17, The Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania
and New York water pollution control agencies are to under-
take action to insure that industrial plants discharging
wastes into the waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries withir.
their respective jurisdictions institute programs of sampling
their effluents to provide necessary information about waste
outputs. Such sampling shall be conducted at such locations
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Grover Cook ,-^
and with such frequency as to yield statistically reliable
values of all waste outputs and to show their variations.
Analyses to be so reported are to include, where applicable:
pH, oil, tarry residues, phenolics, ammonia, total nitrogen,
cyanide, toxic materials, total biochemical oxygen demand, and
all other substances listed in the preceding paragraph.
18. Waste results are to be reported in terms
of both concentrations and load rates. Such information will
be maintained in open files by the State agencies for all
those having a legitimate interest in the information.
19. The U. S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare is to establish water pollution surveillance
stations at appropriate locations on Lake Erie. Surveillance
of the tributaries will be the primary responsibility of the
States. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
will assist the States at such times as requested.
20. The United States Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare will be responsible for developing
up-to-date information and experience concerning effective
phosphate removal and the control of combined sewer systems.
This, information will be reported to the conferees regularly.
21. Regional planning is often the most logical
and economical approach toward meeting pollution problems.
The water pollution control agencies of Michigan, Indiana,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, and the Department of
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55
Grover Cook
Health, Education, and Welfare will encourage such regional
planning activities.
22. Within six months after the issuance of this
Summary, the State water pollution control agencies con-
cerned are to present a schedule of remedial action to
the Conferees for their consideration and evaluation.
23. The Federal Conferee recommends the following
for the consideration of the State agencies:
a. Recommended municipal treatment: Completion
of plans and specifications, August 1966;
completion of financing, February 1967;
construction started, August 1967;
construction completed, January 1, 1969;
chlorination of effluents, May 15, 1966;
provision of stand-by and emergency equipment
to prevent interruptions in operation of
municipal treatment plants, August 1966;
patrolling of combined sewer systems,
immediately.
b. Discontinuance of garbage and trash dumping
into waters: immediately.
c. Industrial waste treatment facilities:
Completed and in operation by January 1, 1969.
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Grover Cook
24. Federal installations: Waste treatment
facilities are to be completed and in operation by August
of 1966.
25. Representatives of the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers are to meet with the Conferees, develop and put
into action a program for disposal of dredged material in
Lake Erie and its tributaries which will satisfactorily
protect water quality. Such a program is to be developed
within six months after the issuance of this Summary and
effectuated as soon as possible thereafter.
26. The conferees will establish a Technical
Committee as soon as possible which will evaluate water
quality problems in Lake Erie relating to nutrients and
make recommendations to the conferees within six months
after the issuance of this Summary.
27. The conference may be reconvened on the
call of the Chairman.
At the conclusion of the Cleveland session of
the conference, the following was included among the con-
clusions and recommendations of the conference;
"Pollution of navigable waters subject to
abatement under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act is
occurring in the Ohio waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries,
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Grover Cook 57
The discharges causing and contributing to the pollution
come from various municipal and industrial sources, from
garbage, debris, and land runoff.
"Pollution of the Ohio waters of Lake Erie and its
tributaries within the State of Ohio endangers health and
welfare."
A question has been raised concerning the
jurisdiction of this conference over intrastate Ohio waters.
The conferees agree to present this question to the Secretary
of Health, Education., and Welfare, and the Governor of Ohio
for clarification and resolution.
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Grover Cook:
APPENDIX "B"
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Grover Cook 59
APPENDIX B
The Relationship of Phosphates to Oxygen Depletion
The volume of Lake Erie has been calculated to
be approximately 110 cubic miles. Therefore, in Lake Erie,
one part per million of any substance is equal to one billion
pounds if distributed evenly throughout the lake waters.
A. According to the data in Table V-8, Part I,
Lake Erie, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service, Water Supply and Pollution Control Div.
July 1965, known discharges of soluble phosphate via the
Detroit River are:
70,000 pounds per day - City of Detroit effluent
10,000 " " " - Industry (Michigan)
5,000 " " " - Canada (Estimated municipal)
2,900 " " " - Tributaries
11,800 " " " - Lake Huron
99,700 " " " - To Lake Erie via the Detroit River
Known and estimated discharges to Lake Erie from all other
sources:
35»500 pounds per day - Ohio municipalities
28,500 " " " - Ohio tributaries
taries,,
5,500 " " " - Pennsylvania - municipal and tribu-
4,800 " " " - New ifork municipalities
74,300 " " " - To Lake Erie
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Grover Cook 60
174,000 pounds per day - Total known discharge of soluble
phosphates into Lake Erie
24,000 " " " - Discharge of soluble phosphates from
Lake Erie via the Niagara River
150,000 " " " - Net daily discharge of soluble
phosphates to Lake Erie
B. A net daily soluble phosphates accumulation
of 150,000 pounds x 365 days = 55 million pounds per year,
which means that the lake, during the process of photosynthesis,
has 55 million pounds of soluble phosphate (PO^) per year and
can convert this to organic matter which would remove the PO^,
and deposit it in the lake.
Since 3 pounds of PO^ can generate 100 pounds of
organic carbon, 55 million pounds of PO^, could produce 1.8
billion pounds of organic carbon.
This carbon, upon ultimate decay to carbon dioxide
(COg) would utilize 2.68 times its weight of oxygen (plus the
oxygen needed to oxidize associated hydrogen) or a minimum of
1.8 billion x 2.68 ~ 4.9 billion pounds of oxygen consumed.
We know (from observations in the central basin)
that at times there exists an oxygen deficit of at least
(1740 pounds per square mile per foot x 2600 square miles x 10
feet average depth x 6 parts per million oxygen deficit)
= 270 million pounds.
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Grover Cook 61
We also know from Table (l) - Part I, Lake Erie
(if the data were converted to pounds of biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) discharged) that the Lake Erie basin receives
182 million pounds of BOD annually.
We therefore conclude that:
(l) The potential oxygen demand that would be
generated through productivity of organic
carbon is about 4.9 billion f 182 million
= 27 times the annual load of BOD now dis-
charged to the Lake Erie basin, and probably
much higher than that discharged directly to
Lake Erie.
(2) The oxygen deficit found in the central basin
in 1964 was 2?0 million 7 182 million =1.5
times greater than the annual load of BOD
now discharged.
(3) That the oxygen deficit observed in the
central basin is caused predominantly by
the decay of organic carbon produced through
biological processes.
Known (or controllable) soluble phosphate (
inputs to Lake Erie are:
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Grover Cook
Soluble Phosphate
input
62
Possible soluble phosphate
input reductions which could
be achieved by operating
secondary treatment plants for
maximum nutrient removal
Source
Detroit
Industry
Ohio cities
Pa. cities
N. Y. cities
Totals
(Pounds per day)
70,000
10,000
35,500
2,600
4,800
122,900
(pounds per day)
65$ reduction or 45,500
80$ " " 8,000
50$ " " 17,500
50$ " " 1,300
_
72,300
Estimated total annual soluble phosphate removal
" 72,300 pounds per day x 365 days - 26.5 million pounds per
year.
If this reduction can be achieved through improved
secondary treatment, (26.5 r 55)-:48$ of the soluble phosphate
that is now being metabolized by the lake would be removed.
On this basis it is concluded that such a reduction
in soluble phosphate (POij.) inputs should result in a marked
reduction in lake organic carbon productivity and a corresponding
improvement In the oxygen levels below the thermocline of the
central basin of Lake Erie.
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Grover Cook 63
SECRETARY UDALL: Are there any questions by
the conferees or comments with regard to the presentations
of Mr. Poston and Mr. Cook?
(No response. )
SECRETARY UDALL: If not, we thank them both
for some very precise presentations.
I think I am particularly impressed with the
work of the Technical Committee, and if we can get organized
in terms of the technicians and water experts understanding
each other and getting common procedures and common
standards set, then it seems to me that we are organized
and we are heading in tne right direction.
MR. OEMING: Mr, Secretary, may I make a comment,
please?
SECRETARY UDALL: Yes, indeed.
MR. OEMING: May I ask: What is the disposition
of this report? Is this to be considered by the conferees
after this conference, or how would you like to have it
handled? I think it makes a difference on what we decide.
Is it your feeling that this should now be
considered by the conferees as being responsive as far as
they are concerned?
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, I would be interested in
whether they consider this an interim report, or whether
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Grover Cook 64
they would like to have us evaluate it, or pass upon it
at this time.
What is your view, Mr. Cook?
MR. COOK: It is a little difficult for me to
say without the committee members here. I wouldn't want
to speak for all of them.
Several have indicated that they prefer to call
it a preliminary report, or interim report.
SECRETARY UDALL: Are there still unresolved
issues?
MR. COOK: Yes, sir, there are.
SECRETARY UDALL: I would think then that we
ought to consider this an interim report, and ask them tc
put it Jn final form so that it can be considered later.
MR. OEMINGt I think that is my primary concern.
SECRETARY UDALL: That's fine.
MR. OEMING: Surely.
SECRETARY UDALL: All right. Let us consider
this an interim report then.
MR. LYON: Mr. Secretary, is this the time when
we can comment on this report?
SECRETARY UDALL: Yes. I think any comments
that are pertinent would be appropriate.
MR. LYON: Let me first of all commend Mr. Grover
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65
Cook for doing an outstanding job in conducting this
committee.
I think they brought to the committee a number
of top experts from across the country to help the delibera-
tions of the committee.
As you have already indicated, this should indeed
only be considered an interim report, simply because there
is a great deal of additional information that is needed
that will have to be resolved by way of research and
development before we will know exactly what nutrients are
the critical ones.
We think phosphates are the most critical ones.
We in Pennsylvania are concerned naturally about the pollu-
tion of Lake Erie. We have an important recreational
resource there, as you know, Mr. Secretary, at the present
time, but I think we are also concerned about the fact that
this committee really needs to be backed up with a great
deal more research than is now going on in the Federal
establishment. I hope your Department will lend support
towards that effort.
I know such efforts have already been initiated,
as Mr. Poston indicated, but this we consider very important,
simply because there are so many unanswered questions.
We all, I think, want the committee to go on.
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66
They are going to have to be backed up by a massive
research effort. Certainly we want to go ahead and abate
pollution, as we have done In Pennsylvania, and as the other
States are doing, and this will help the lake.
However, I don't think we have all the answers
yet. We need a lot more answers.
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, I would certainly agree
with you that the phosphate problem is one of the most
serious unanswered questions that we have.
I think the convening of this conference is an
indication cf the priority that we give to this lake. We
are confident that the new legislation that is going to be
passed will give us additional monies.
I would certainly agree that there are many
areas of research that were covered by this report that
deserve to be strengthened. I think I can assure you that
we will do the very best we can in this field.
MR. POSTON: Mr. Chairman, I feel very confident
in this matter of phosphate removal. I think that this
technical committee has served very well in carrying out
our recommendation, or the conferees' recommendation, that
the Administration keep the States informed of the latest
information on phosphate removal. We have brought in
experts not only within our own agency, but experts from
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67
around the country who have the very latest information
on phosphate removal. We have been * le to pass this on
through this medium.
I think this committee can serve in this capacity
in the future. We have studies going on, and have had
studies going on, in San Antonio, and we hope to release
very soon a research report on removal of phosphates.
We are very optimistic and confident that we can
remove phosphates from all of these municipal and industrial
wastes, and it isn't going to be the job or the tremendous
expense that some people have felt it may be.
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, does the San Antonio
experiment indicate that there may be a new process of
phosphate removal that represents a new breakthrough of
sorts?
MR. POSTON: Essentially it is an operating
phenomenon with the increased solids, increased amount of
air and rapid removal of solids as it gets into the final
settling tank, as a procedure for removing this.
Now, this can be done in some of the existing
plants as they are already constructed, as it was found in
San Antonio, where, with three plants, two of them had been
removing oractically no phosphates, the one plant was doing
an 80 to 90$ job, and then, by changes in these two plants
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68
which were receiving the same kind of sewage and located
on the same grounds, they have been able to step up that
removal to 80 or 90^.
SECRETARY UDALL: In other words, instead of
having to go to additional facilities and tertiary treat-
ment, we may be able to accomplish this through added
techniques with existing equipment?
MR. POSTON: That is right.
SECRETARY UDALL: I think this is the sort of
thing that indicates we are reaping the fruits of earlier
investment in research.
I was telling Mayor Locher this morning about one
project that we made a grant on a month ago, that I think
would be of interest to most of the municipal people here.
One of the big, tough problems that we have in
this country, and the most expensive problem, really, is
the problem of separation of storm and sanitary sewers -- a
problem that most of our cities have.
We made a grant of nearly $1 million to St. Paul-
Minneapolis, which they will match, to carry out a program
designed -- and we know each system has peculiarities --
to find out whether in terms of using existing or potential
reservoir capacities or managing sanitary sewer systems on
a computer basis, we cannot hold back or prevent the normal
process of overflowing and bypassing. It may be that a
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69
computer system can direct the holding of discharges in
reservoirs and direct the utilization of other unused
capacity temporarily to achieve the sort of control that
management has over electric power systems. We hope that
such a computerized system can achieve perhaps as high
as 80 percent to 95 percent control in terms of what
happens normally when a storm occurs.
Now, if we can do this, we may have achieved
a tremendous shortcut, whereby we can at least achieve
in this interim period an 85 to 90 percent goal in terms
of preventing raw sewage from entering our watercourses
and our lakes at a very small cost, as compared with the
enormous cost of actual physical separation.
We do not know what the results will be of this,
but this is the type of project that we are very excited
by, and we say to all of the cities if you have one
equally exciting or promising, just lay it on our door and
maybe something favorable will happen.
MR. QUIGLEY: Mr. Secretary, I might note for
the record the City of Detroit has come in with a somewhat
comparable proposal that we now have under consideration.
The only difference is basically that Detroit is more
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70
modest in its expectation. I think they are talking about
perhaps a 30 to 35 percent reduction.
However, even this helps bring the problem down
to size, where we can maybe put a saddle on it and ride it.
SECRETARY UDALL: Let's move right ahead to the
first of our State reports.
We will ask the spokesman, at this point, for
the State of Michigan, to make its report.
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71
L. F. Oeming
R. W. Purdy
STATEMENT OF LOERING F. OEMING, CONFEREE
AND EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, MICHIGAN WATER
RESOURCES COMMISSION
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman and Conferees:
I want to introduce Mr. Ralph Purdy, Chief
Engineer of the Water Resources Commission, who will present
the statement on behalf of the Water Pollution Control
Agency in Michigan.
We have a bound report to present here, and I
will pass this out to the conferees. There are extra
copies available after this conference.
STATEMENT OF RALPH W. PURDY, REPRESENTING
THE MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
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R. W. Purdy
MR. PURDY: Secretary Udall, Commissioner
Quigley, Mr. Stein, Conferees, Ladies and Gentlemen:
This report has been prepared for presentation
to the Conferees representing the States of Indiana,
Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and the Federal
Government in the matter of pollution of Lake Erie and its
tributaries. It sets forth remedial action that the State
of Michigan Water Resources Commission has taken to abate
pollution and to achieve and preserve a water quality in the
Michigan waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries consistent
with the requirements of both State and Federal law.
By letter of November 12, 1965, to the
Michigan Water Resources Commission, John W. Gardner, the
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, transmitted
a summary of two sessions of a conference on the pollution
of interstate and Ohio intrastate waters of Lake Erie and
its tributaries held August 3-5, 1965, in Cleveland, Ohio,
and August 10-12, 1965, in Buffalo, New York, under the
provisions of Section 8 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act. One of the conclusions was that the State
water pollution control agencies concerned present to the
Conferees, within six months after the issuance of the
summary, a schedule of remedial action for their
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R. W. Purdy
consideration and evaluation. The Michigan Water
Resources Commission had on August 3, 1965> received from
Under Secretary Wilbur J. Cohen a comparable but more
specific conclusion growing out of a conference on the
pollution of the navigable waters of the Detroit River
and Lake Erie within the State of Michigan held June 15-18,
1965, in Detroit, Michigan. The No. 5 recommendation of
that conference states :
"The Report on Pollution of the Detroit
River and the Michigan waters of Lake Erie and
their tributaries, prepared by the U. S. Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, dated
April 1965, will be submitted to the Michigan
Water Resources Commission for implementation
under State and local law. Action taken by the
Michigan Water Resources Commission will be
reported to the Conferees at six-month inter-
vals at public meetings to be called by the
Chairman of the Conference. The Conferees
expect that a time schedule for the control of
pollution in the area covered by the Conference
will be established by the Michigan Water
Resources Commission regarding all sources of
pollution within one year from the date of the
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R. W. Purdy
issuance of this summary."
Promptly upon receipt of the Detroit conference
summary, the Water Resources Commission initiated a fast-
moving program of remedial action, the details of which
are included in the report presented at the August 3-5>
1965, conference in Cleveland. A brief resume of the
Commission's action program is presented as introductory
to the discussion of the subsequent proceedings and current
status.
The Michigan Water Resources Commission on June
24, 1965* requested that the governmental units and the
industries involved appear for conferences to discuss the
recommendations in the Detroit River-Lake Erie Federal
Report and to explore and identify the issues as the
basis for a determination of further action; that the Com-
mission staff develop water quality goals to be sought in
the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie and
that the following procedure and program be pursued:
1. July 29, 1965. Initial Commission
approval of staff recommendations for
water quality goals to be sought in the
Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake
Erie.
2. August 25-26, 1965. Public conference with
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75
R. W. Purdy
Interested parties and final approval of
water quality goals.
3. September 29-30 and October 1, 1965.
Conference with municipalities and in-
dustries in the Detroit River area to
discuss the specific recommendations in
the Federal Report pertaining to each and
to explore and identify the areas of dis-
agreement .
4, November 4, 19&5. Conference with munici-
palities and industries in the Monroe-Lake
Erie area to discuss the specific recom-
mendations in the Federal Report pertaining
to each and to explore and identify the
areas of disagreement.
5. December 15> 1965. Invoke the statutory
procedures or other appropriate action dis-
closed by the preceding conferences to be
required to establish programs and dates for
abatement of pollution determined to be
unlawful under State statutes.
The interstate Lake Erie recommendations con-
tained in the November 12, 1965, summary were presented to
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R. W. Purdy
the Michigan Water Resources Commission at its December
1965 meeting and the members were of the opinion that the
program already established constituted the type and
extent of action which would lead to attainment of the
objectives emerging from both conferences.
Now what has actually occurred? On July 29,
1965t the Michigan Water Resources Commission received
from its staff proposed water quality goals to be sought
in the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie.
The Commission accepted the staff recommendations as
tentative goals for presentation at a conference which was
held August 25, 1965, in Detroit. Representatives of
governmental units, industries and other interested parties
were present. Comments on the proposed goals were made
by representatives of twelve interested groups. On August
26, 1965, the Commission considered the statements presented
at the conference and comments thereon by staff. The
proposed water quality goals were amended and adopted and
they are shown in the report in Appendix A in their entirety,
The goals as adopted are intended to protect and enhance
present and future uses of the Detroit River and Michigan
waters of Lake Erie.
Attention is invited in particular to the water
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R. W. Purdy
quality goals for Lake Erie at a location identified as
a line extending due east and west through the Detroit
River light to the international boundary near the debouch-
ment of the Detroit River and Lake Erie.
Coliform (total organisms/100 ml)....Mean density of
less than 1,000. (Determination
to be made at later date on
maximums).
Dissolved oxygen (tng/l) Minimum 6.0.
Daily average, greater than 7.0.
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R. W. Purdy
Phenols £ug/l) Maximum 5.0
Average, 2.0.
Oils and greases No visible film of oil or globs
of grease.
Suspended and settleable solids...Limited to the
extent necessary to prevent the
formation of deposits of either
industrial or municipal waste
origin.
Chlorides (mg/1) as Cl...Limited to present levels
and reduced where feasible.
Iron (mg/1) as Fe....Less than 0.3.
Ammonia (mg/1) as NH~-N... Less than 0.2.
Phosphates (soluble mg/1) as P...Limited to the
extent necessary to prevent
stimulation of nuisance growths
of algae and weeds in the Detroit
River and Lake Erie. On the
basis of the best information
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R. W. Purdy
available to the Commission at
this time this limitation would
be in the range of less than
0,015 mg/1 of soluble phosphates
expressed as phosphorus.
Cyanide (mg/1) as CN...None detectable.
pH 7.0 to 8.5.
Color and turbidity..Not offensive in appearance or
otherwise unattractive as the
result of wastes of industrial
or municipal origin.
Dissolved organics...Limited to the extent necessary
to prevent interference with the
use of the waters as a raw water
source for potable use where
applicable or which will not
produce a detectable off flavor
in the flesh of fish or the
development of fungi or other
growths as the result of in-
dustrial or municipal waste effluent
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R. W. Purdy
Goals were also adopted for the Raisin River,
which is tributary to Lake Erie. These are also shown
in Appendix A.
The September and October conferences were
held as scheduled. Interested parties from the Detroit
area (shown in Appendix B) and the Monroe area (shown in
Appendix C) were present to discuss the specific Federal
recommendations for effluent restrictions pertaining to
each and Michigan Water Resources Commission staff recom-
mendations for a time schedule to implement the Federal
recommendations. Areas of disagreement were identified;
however, on the whole, there were many areas of agreement
and it was evident that Michigan municipal units of govern-
ment and industries were ready to assume their obligation
to abate pollution of the Detroit River and Michigan
waters of Lake Erie.
At its December 15, 1965, meeting, the
Michigan Water Resources Commission received from its
staff proposed effluent restrictions and time schedules
for performance of steps to be taken by each of the
industries and governmental units to abate their respective
contributions to the pollution of the Detroit River and
Michigan waters of Lake Erie. The effluent restrictions
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81
R. W. Purdy
recommended were based upon the desired water quality
to be obtained in the receiving waters as established
by the goals previously adopted. After lengthy discussion,
the meeting was recessed until the afternoon of January 6,
1966, so that the Commission members could have additional
time for consideration of the staff recommendations. The
recommendations were reviewed further at the Commission
meeting on January 6, 1966. With minor modifications,,
they were approved by the Commission for incorporation into
Stipulations or Notices of Determination and Hearing to
each governmental unit and industry involved -- the
Stipulations to afford opportunity for voluntary compli-
ance, and the Notices to initiate statutory enforcement
procedures for abatement in the cases where such agreement
could not be consummated. The Commission directed that
the Stipulations or Notices in lieu thereof be presented
for consideration at its March 1966 meeting. It is grati-
fying to report that all of the governmental units and
all but one industry comprising thirty-five waste dis-
posing entities have stipulated in formally executed
documents to meet the time schedules and effluent require-
ments established by the Commission. The statutory
procedure of Notice of Determination and Hearing has been
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82
R. W. Purdy
initiated against the one industry that failed to
accept the terms of the Stipulation presented to it. The
initial phase of the statutory hearing was held April 28,
1966. The company took issue with several of the terms
of the proposed Order contained in the Notice (Appendix
D) and the proceedings were referred to a hearing commis-
sioner for the taking of testimony and evidence and the
preparation of a record and proposal for a decision in-
cluding findings of fact and conclusion of law. A date for
a continuation of the hearing will be set by the hearing
commissioner in the very near future.
SECRETARY UDALL: I wonder if I might interrupt
at this point, because I am going to favor, as the Cabinet
Officer responsible nationally for water pollution, a
rather brutally frank approach to the problem.
I think we ought to have the name for the record
here today of this company.
MR. PURDY: Well, the complete Notice of
Determination and Hearing Is shown in Appendix D in the
report. It is the proceedings against the Scott Paper
Company, a Pennsylvania corporation, for abatement of pollu-
tion of the Rouge River.
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, was this company asked
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83
R. W. Purdy
to assume burdens or obligations that other similar
industries in the region are not asked to assume?
MR. PURDY: They were asked to reduce their
suspended solids down to the same level as other industries
that have a suspended solids problem.
They have a biochemical oxygen demand problem
and they were asked to reduce their biochemical oxygen
demand load by the same percentage as others that have the
same sort of problem — for example, the municipalities.
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, I don't want to indicate
that I am attempting to pass judgment on this particular
case at this time. Indeed, it is before your Commission
under your regular proceedings. I assume it will move
forward. However, we do not have in my Department, nor
does the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
have, all of the enforcement powers that we would like to
have. There are some that I suspect we would like to have
that Congress won't give us anyway, but there is one power
that we do have, and I propose that henceforth we use it,
Commissioner Quigley, and use it effectively wherever we can,
This is the power of what has been called pitiless publicity,
I think, acting in a completely judicious way,
where we can, that industries in this country who will not
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R. W. Purdy
cooperate with the programs that the States or cities put
forward, or, for my part, municipalities that do not have
good and valid reasons for not voting bond issues and will
vote down bond issues, we ought to consider seriously in
the Department before the year is out, again judiciously
weighing it, having a list that the Secretary of the
Interior will maintain of filthy American industries and
filthy American cities. We will simply let the Nation know
who these people are, what these communities are, and we
take them off the list when appropriate action is taken.
(Applause.)
This, if it is done in the right way, it seems
to me might help to put the focus of public opinion where
it will help the most with regard to this clean-up program.
This is the reason that I asked the question.
As I say, I do not want to be passing judgment on this
particular company. It may be there are particular reasons
why they feel that they are a special case. We will await
the determination.
However, it does strike me that where you have
water quality standards set and you have a whole group of
industries that have different types of effluents and they
all cooperate and one does not, I think a very serious
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R. W. Purdy 85
burden falls on that Industry to justify its conduct, or
falls on a city, if it refuses to vote bond issues where
other similar cities in similar States are taking action.
I think we have to have ways of measuring the national
effort, and we propose to do this not by way of interfering
with the actions of the State people, but to help the
State people carry out their own enforcement programs.
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, by the same token, I
believe that backing all this up, we need to initiate this
enforcement procedure, and the State of Michigan intends
to pursue the enforcement procedure where voluntary com-
pliance cannot be obtained. This is the purpose of this
procedure.
SECRETARY UDALL: Well, the way for the States
to maintain their principal responsibilities and the way
for the States to keep the Federal Government from exer-
cising inordinate domination in this field, in my Judgment,
is aggressive action. I am glad to see it; taking place in
this instance.
MR. PURDY: The Stipulations are binding agree-
ments — these are the Stipulations that I have referred to
with respect to the other 35 industries -- between the
Michigan Water Resources Commission and the governmental unit
or Industry involved. Their provisions state that the
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86
R. W. Purdy
Commission is of the opinion that the waste discharges
are or may become injurious to the public health, safety or
welfare; or are or may become injurious to domestic,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational or
other uses which are being made of such waters; or are or may
become injurious to the value or utility of riparian lands;
or are or may become injurious to livestock, wild animals,
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R. W. Purdy
birds, fish, aquatic life or the growth or propagation
thereof be prevented or injuriously affected; or whereby
the value of fish and game is or may be destroyed or
impaired. They provide for the Michigan Water Resources
Commission holding in abeyance the initiation of statutory
proceedings for pollution abatement of the waters of the
State as prescribed in Section 7, Act 245> Public Acts of
1929, as amended, to allow for a voluntary program to be
completed. Waste effluent restrictions and time
schedules for performance are defined in the Stipulations
as well as requirements for reporting upon the waste
constituents discharged. A further provision sets forth
that if there is a failure to meet timely any of the
provisions of the agreement, the Michigan Water Resources
Commission may, following notice to the party involved of
its default of the agreement, enter a Final Order of
Determination incorporating the provisions of the agreement
and requiring compliance with the uncompleted terms of
the agreement. Appendix E is a summary of the restrictions
and time schedules contained in the Stipulations.
The Stipulations with the governmental units
set a maximum effluent loading expressed in pounds per day
for biochemical oxygen demanding substances, suspended solids,
phenols, and soluble phosphates. They restrict the
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R. W. Purdy 38
concentration of oils and greases to 15 milligrams per
liter and total coliform content to 1,000 organisms per
100 ml, which is in the effluent from the waste treatment
plant. The time schedule in general calls for the
completion of a preliminary engineering study and basis
of design for needed facilities by April 1, 1967; for
final construction plans and specifications to be approved
by November 1, 1968; and to finish construction and place
the facilities in operation by November 1, 1970. There
is some variation between the Stipulations in time
scheduling of certain steps and requirements to accommodate
special conditions, but in no case is the deadline for
meeting the required effluent restrictions later than
November 1, 1970. In fact, May 1, 1969, is the deadline
for the governmental units in the Monroe area. The City
of Detroit, in addition to the above requirements common
to all Stipulations with governmental units, has agreed
to take immediate steps to decrease, wherever possible,
combined storm and sewage overflows by more effectively
utilizing the storage capabilities of the sewer system and
by improved operation of flow regulators and diversion
devices. Also, it has agreed to make a study of methods
and cost of reducing the frequency, magnitude, and
polluting content of overflows of combined storm and
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R. W. Purdy
sewage water from the city's sewer system and to submit
a report thereon to the Michigan Water Resources Commission
on or before April 1, 1968.
The Stipulation with industry, where applicable,
set a maximum effluent loading expressed in pounds per
day for oxygen-consuming substances, phenols, iron, soluble
phosphates, chlorides and cyanides. They restrict the
concentration of suspended solids to 50 milligrams per
liter, except in the Monroe area, where the restriction is
35 milligrams per liter; oils and greases to 15 milligrams
per liter; iron to 17 milligrams per liter; cyanide to
0.025 milligrams per liter; and total coliform content
to 1,000 organisms per 100 ml. The schedules for meeting
the required effluent restrictions vary, but in no case
does the time period extend beyond November 1, 1969, and,
in some, calls for compliance by April 1, 196?.
The Michigan legislature gave recognition to
the new responsibilities imposed by Federal and State
legislation relative to conducting industry and municipal
visitation programs, stream evaluation programs and
comprehensive stream surveys in Senate Concurrent Resolution
125 adopted October 1965. This resolution authorized the
doubling of the Michigan Water Resources Commission
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90
R. W. Purdy
pollution enforcement staff effective January 1, 1966.
Pull-time staff at the district headquarters serving
the southeastern portion of Michigan has been expanded,
enabling the surveillance and inspection activity to be
intensified. A new, completely equipped laboratory will
be in operation by July 1 of this year. Visual sur-
veillance of the Detroit River initiated in I960 has been
further augmented by the establishment of a regular
sampling program. Samples are routinely obtained and
tested from outlets discharging to the Detroit River and
from the river itself. Visual surveillance maintained
over the past six years by means of a helicopter when ice
interferes with the operation of a boat is being continued
with increasing frequency. The Huron and Raisin Rivers
are being and have been sampled routinely since March of
1963. The data collected from the sampling station on the
Huron River are shown in Appendix P and for the Raisin
River in Appendix G.
All of the communities located in the Huron and
Raisin River Basins that have sewer systems provide at
least primary treatment and chlorination, with 94# of the
I960 population served in the Huron Basin and 5^# in the
Raisin River Basin discharging to secondary treatment
systems. A program for secondary treatment at Monroe has
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91
R. W. Purdy
been established and will raise to 90#> the population
tributary to secondary treatment. With respect to
maximizing phosphate removal at existing secondary plants,
information is awaited from research programs now under-
way by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
after which the results will be translated into required
modifications or operating procedures. There are other
communities located in the Basins, generally with popula-
tions of less than 1,000, that do not have sewers for
collection of wastes but where raw sewage of human origin
is discharged to surface ditches and drains.
The Michigan Water Resources Commission has
held conferences with the involved governmental units
predicated upon the 1965 amendment to the Michigan Water
Pollution Control Act which makes the discharge of any raw
sewage of human origin prima facie evidence of a violation
of the Act. The conferences are for the purpose of ascer-
taining what action needs to be taken by the Commission
to abate the discharges.
With respect to the Michigan portion of the
Maumee River Basin, only two communities have sewer
systems and both provide either secondary treatment or its
equivalent. In addition, the Michigan Water Resources Commission
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92
R. W. Purdy
on May 27, 1966, held its first public hearing for the
establishment of water quality criteria for the Maumee
River Basin interstate waters as required by Section 10
of Public Law 89-234, the Water Quality Act of 1965. The
proposed criteria and program for implementation are shown
in Appendix H. At the close of the hearing the criteria
ano program for implementation were referred by the Commis-
sion to staff for analyses of the hearing record together
with the Federal Guidelines released May 11, 1966, with
recommendations to be made for Commission consideration at
a subsequent meeting.
Existing programs in relation to such items as
disinfection of municipal waste effluents, prevention of
accidental losses, prevention of bypassing of untreated
waste and elimination of combined sewers are continuing
and have been strengthened. Solid waste disposal is
controlled by new legislation, Act 87, Public Acts of 1965,
Any person, partnership, corporation, or governmental unit
or agency thereof operating a refuse dump must post a
performance bond and obtain a license through the Michigan
Department of Public Health. Regional planning is an
important approach toward meeting and correcting pollution
problems. An outstanding example of this is the overall
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R. W. Purdy 93
long-range general plan that was developed for sewerage
and surface runoff or dainage for Macomb, Monroe, Oakland,
St. Glair, Washtenaw and Wayne Counties, located In south-
eastern Michigan and comprising, in general, the metro-
politan area surrounding the City of Detroit. This plan
includes the determination of future needs, a plan showing
existing and programmed systems, forecast of population and
urban development, future capacity requirements, technical
standards to be employed, cost estimates, and an administra-
tive method of construction, operation and maintenance.
The study was made as the result of the awareness of the
need on the part of the Supervisors Inter-County Committee
from the above-mentioned counties for an overall look at
the sewerage problems and was financed through contribu-
tions and grants from industry, local government, and the
U.S. Public Health Service.
The previous report made to the Conferees closed
by stating:
"The protection and enhancement of this
great water resource (Lake Erie) must neces-
sarily be a cooperative effort involving the
Federal Government, the several states, and the
waste contributing cities and industries with
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94
R. W. Purdy
each of these entities playing its appropriate
role supported by an alert and responsible
citizenry."
The orderly processes of investigation and
administrative procedures which have been initiated and
which have been pursued by the State of Michigan in the
acceptance and discharge of its obligations amply
demonstrate the soundness of this position. They assure
the realization of the objectives of the people, through
the partnership of their State and Federal governments for
water quality of Lake Erie.
That is the end of my statement.
I would ask that the entire statement with the
appendices be included as part of the record.
MR. QUIGLEY: That will be included as part of
the record.
(The appendices referred to are as follows:)
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95
APPENDIX A
WATER QUALITY GOALS
for the
MICHIGAN WATERS OP THE
DETROIT RIVER AND LAKE ERIE
Adopted By The
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
August 26, 1965
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S.S
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97
WATER USES TO BE IMPROVED AND PROTECTED
Detroit River
Dt 30.8W to Pt. Hennepln
Commercial shipping
Sport fishing
Waterfowl
Recreational boating
Swimming
Water skiing
Marinas
Raw water source for potable use
Industrial water source
Process uses
Cooling and condensing uses
Esthetics
Thermoelectric power plant condensing water
Michigan Waters of Fighting Island Channel, Pt. Hennepin
to Dt. 3.9
Commercial shipping
Sport fishing
Waterfowl
Recreational boating
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98
Swimming
Water skiing
Esthetics
Trenton Channel, Ft. Hennepln to Dt 3.9
Commercial shipping
Sport fishing
Waterfowl
Recreational boating
Swimming
Water skiing
Marinas
Industrial water uses
Process water
Cooling and condensing water
Esthetics
Lake Erie
Michigan Waters
Commercial shipping
Sport fishing
Commercial fishing
Waterfowl
Recreational boating
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99
Swimming
Water skiing
Marinas
Raw water source for potable use
Industrial water uses
Process water
Cooling and condensing water
Esthetics
Thermoelectric or thermonuclear power plant
condensing water
Rouge River
1-94 Bridge to Zug Island Channel
Commercial shipping (Limited to designated channel)
Waterfowl
Recreational boating
Industrial water uses
Process water
Cooling water
Raisin River
U. S. 24 Bridge to Mouth
Commercial shipping (Limited to designated channel)
Waterfowl
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100
Recreational boating
Industrial water uses
Process water
Cooling water
Esthetics
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103
APPENDIX B
Conferences
with
Detroit Industries and Governmental Units
September 29, 30
and
October 1, 1965
City of Detroit
Wayne County Department of Public Works
Wayne County Drain Commissioner
City of Riverview
City of Trenton
Township of Grosse lie, Wayne County
Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Division of National Steel
Corporation
Ford Motor Company
American Cement Corporation, Peerless Division
Darling and Company
Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation
Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation
McLouth Steel Corporation
Revere Copper and Brass, Incorporated
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104
Firestone Steel Products Division, The Firestone Tire
and Rubber Company
Mobil Oil Company
Monsanto Company
Allied Chemical Corporation
Scott Paper Company
E, I. duPont de Nemours, Incorporated
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101
MICHIGAN
ONTARIO
M
5
s I
! ••
-------
102
T ••-
IS
^r'"
LAKE ERIE
|Hj
it!
n
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105
APPENDIX C
Conference
with
Monroe Industries and Governmental Units
November 4, 1965
City of Monroe
Village of Estral Beach
Village of South Rockwood
Monroe County Drain Commissioner
Township of Erie, Monroe County
Township of LaSalle, Monroe County
Township of Berlin, Monroe County
Township of Frenchtown, Monroe County
Township of Monroe, Monroe County
Time Container Corporation
Consolidated Packaging Corporation
Union Bag-Camp Paper Corporation
Ford Motor Company
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106
APPENDIX D
STATE OF MICHIGAN
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
Proceedings Against SCOTT PAPER COMPANY :
a Pennsylvania Corporation, for Abatement:
of Pollution of the ROUGE RIVER :_
NOTICE OF DETERMINATION AND HEARING
TO: SCOTT PAPER COMPANY, A PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION,
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED that the Water Resources Commis-
sion, after due consideration of complaints received
and of investigations made, is of the opinion and has
determined that you are violating the provisions of Act
245, Public Acts of 1929, as amended, in that you have
failed and are failing to control the polluting content
of industrial wastes discharged by you or permitted by
you to be discharged to the Rouge River from a plant
owned and operated by you at Detroit, Michigan, which
act creates in the Rouge River conditions contrary to
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107
the public interest. The specific violation is as follows:
1. Scott Paper Company discharges industrial wastes into the
Rouge River from its Detroit plant, said wastes contain-
ing suspended solids and oxygen consuming substances.
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that it is the opinion of the
Commission that said wastes discharged by the Company
are or may become injurious to the public welfare; pr
are or may become injurious to domestic, commercial,
industrial, recreational, or other uses which are being
made of such waters; or are or may become injurious to the
value or utility of riparian lands; or are or may become
injurious to birds, fish, aquatic life, or plants or the
growth or propagation thereof be prevented or injuriously
affected; or whereby the value of fish and game are or may
be destroyed or impaired.
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that to abate the pollution of
Rouge River the Commission has under consideration the
adoption of a Final Order of Determination requiring you
to comply with the following conditions and restrictions:
1. Treat or control the Industrial wastes from your
manufacturing operations to the extent that when
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108
discharged to the Rouge River they shall:
a. Not contain more than fifty (50) milligrams per
liter nor add more than eighteen thousand three
hundred (18,300) pounds per day of suspended
solids, as a result of Company operations.
b. Not add more than thirty one thousand (31 .,000)
pounds per day of oxygen consuming substances, as
measured by the five-day biochemical oxygen
demand test, as a result of the Company operations,
2. Provide facilities capable of producing the waste
effluent quality specified in paragraph 1 hereof
according to the following time schedule:
a. Submit construction plans and specifications for
facilities to attain the limitations on suspended
solids to the Chief Engineer of the Commission
and obtain his approval thereof by November 1,
1966.
be Complete construction of facilities to attain
cne limitations on suspended solids and place
same in operation by November 1, 19^7.
c. Submit preliminary engineering study and basis
of design for facilities to attain limitations on
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109
oxygen consuming substances by November 1, 1966.
d. Submit construction plans and specifications for
facilities to attain limitations on oxygen
consuming substances to the Chief Engineer of
the Commission and obtain his approval thereof
by November 1, 1967.
e. Complete construction of facilities to attain
the limitations on oxygen consuming substances
and place same in operation by November 1, 1968.
3. Perform analyses to determine the content of the
substances enumerated in paragraph 1 hereof to the
extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and file reports of said analyses
with the Chief Engineer of the Commission at the end
of each month, beginning January 3l> 1967.
4. Failure to meet timely any requirement of the proposed
Final Order shall constitute a default of the entire
Order.
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that a hearing on the facts and the
above proposed Order will be provided you and held by the
Commission at 3:00 p.m., April 28, 1966, in Room 514 of
the Veterans Memorial Building, Detroit, Michigan.
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110
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that unless the hearing discloses
that testimony will be unnecessary and agreement on the
facts and proposed action can be reached between the
parties by stipulation, by agreed settlement, by consent
Order or default, the Commission will adjourn the
hearing and will refer to its Hearing Commissioner the
taking of all testimony, evidence and arguments on the
facts and the law relating to the above proposed Order.
YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that upon completion of the
testimony, evidence and arguments and service upon you
of the Hearing Commissioner's record including his proposal
for a decision including findings of fact and conclusions
of law, the Commission will set a date for final hearing
upon the record made before the Hearing Commissioner at
which time full and fair opportunity to argue and present
contentions orally to the Commission will be provided in
accordance with Rules 6 and 7, Commission Rules of
Procedure, following which decision will be rendered by
the Commission on the adoption of a Final Order of Deter-
mination for abatement of the pollution herein described.
The files and records of the Department of Conservation,
Michigan Department of Public Health and Water Resources
Commission pertaining to the aforesaid violation will be
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Ill
available for inspection prior to or at the hearing and
will be presented at the statutory hearing as evidence of
said violation.
This Notice was adopted at the March 31, 1966 meeting of the
Commission in accordance with the provisions of Act 245*
Public Acts of 1929, as amended, on motion by Mr. Gilmore,
supported by Mr. vogt and unanimously carried.
PRESENT AND VOTING:
Gerald E. Eddy, for Director of Conservation, Chairman
Lynn F. Baldwin, for Conservation Groups, Vice Chairman
John E. Vogt, for Director of Public Health
James V. Murray, for State Highway Commission
Stanley Quackenbush, for Director of Agriculture
Jim Gilmore, for Industrial Management Groups
George F. Liddle, for Municipal Groups
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112
APPENDIX E
Summary of Restrictions and Time Schedules
in
Executed Stipulations
CITY OF DETROIT
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Phenol
Total Coliform M.p.H.
Phosphates
Oil
Maximum of 206,000 Ibs/day
Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
324,000 Ibs/day
Maximum of 93 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
Minimum of 80# removal and
maximum of 21,000 Ibs/day
Maximum of 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits :
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113
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by April 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifica-
tions approved by November 1, 1968
Finish construction b-" November 1, 1970
A study shall be made of the combined storm water overflow
problem to determine effective methods of control and
related costs and shall be submitted to the Commission by
April 1, 1968.
Immediate steps shall be taken to decrease, wherever
possible, combined storm water overflows by more effectively
utilizing the storage capabilities of the sewer system and
by proper operation of regulators and diversion devices.
WAYNE COUNTY
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 28,900 Ibs/day
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
19,000 Ibs/day
Phenol Maximum of 10 Ibs/day
Oil Maximum of 15 mg/1
-------
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Phosphates
114
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Minimum of 80$ removal and
maximum of 3*000 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent, waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits :
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifica-
tions approved by
Finish construction by
April 1, 1967
November 1, 1968
November 1, 1970
CITY OF RIVERVIEW
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Maximum of 920 Ibs/day
Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
470 Ibs/day
-------
Phenol
Oil
Total Collform M.P.N
Phosphates
115
Maximum of 0.2 Ibs/day
Maximum of 15 mg/1
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Minimum of 8C$ removal and
Maximum of 35 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifica-
tions approved by
Finish construction by
April 1, 1967
November 1, 1968
November 1, 1970
CITY OF TRENTON
Waste Constituent^
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 1,8^0 Ibs/day
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116
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
935 Ibs/day
Phenol Maximum of 5 Ibs/day
Oil Maximum of 15 mg/1
Total Collform M.P.N. Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Phosphates Minimum of 80$ removal and
Maximum of 138 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 196?.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits :
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by April 1, 1968
Construction plans and specifica-
tions approved by November 1, 1969
Finish construction by November I, 1970
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117
GROSSE IEE TOWNSHIP
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Phenol
Total Coliform M.P.N.
^hosphates
Oil
Maximum of 980 Ibs/day
Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
500 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1 Ib/day
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Minimum of 80^ removal and
Maximum of 20 Ibs/day
Maximum of 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by April 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
November 1, 1968
November 1, 1970
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118
GREAT LAKES STEEL CORPORATION
Waste Constituent
Suspended Solids (l, 2, 3) Maximum of 50 mg/1
Phenol (l) Maximum of 180 Ibs/day
Acid Waste pH (3) 5.5 - 10.6
Oil (l, 2, 3) Maximum of 15 mg/1
Iron (3) Maximum of 17 mg/1 and
4,000 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31* 196?•
Time schedule for construction of facilities to Implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits :
Construction plans and specifications
for waste constituent reduction,
other than acid, iron, and No. 11
Ecorse plant outfall approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction of facilities
for waste constituent reduction,
other than acid, iron, and No. 11
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119
Conduct study of actual outfall
No. 11 basin water quality
Ecorse plant outfall by April 1, 1968
Construction plans and specifica-
tions for acid and iron reduction
approved by December 1, 1<
Finish construction of facilities
for acid and iron reduction by April I, 1969
Submit report on scale model test
study on Ecorse plant No. 11
outfall by
Complete modifications indicated
by model test study by
November 1, 1966
April 1, 1967
April 1-June 30, 1967
If study of basin water quality
shows need for additional
treatment facilities to meet
stipulation limits;
Construction plans and specifications
for outfall No. 11 approved by October 1967
Finish construction of treatment
facilities for No. 11 outfall by October 1968
(l) Blast Furnace Division (2) Strip Mill (3) Ecorse Plant
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120
FORD MOTOR COMPANY (ROUGE PLANT), DEARBORN
Waste Constituent
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1
Phenol Maximum of 70 Ibs/day
Iron Maximum of 17 mg/1 and
2.,500 Ibs/day
Oil Maximum of 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
for waste constituent reduction,
other than iron and suspended solids
approved by
Finish construction of facilities for
October 1, 1966
waste constituent reduction, other
than iron and suspended solids Seventeen months
after approval of plans
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121
Construction plans and specifications
for iron and suspended solids reduction
approved by March 1, 1967
Finish construction of facilities
for iron reduction Twenty-four months
after approval of
plans
Finish construction of facilities
for removal of suspended solids Twenty-seven months
after approval of
plans
AMERICAN CEMENT CORPORATION, PEERLESS DIVISION
Waste Constituent
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituent
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 196?.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
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122
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
May 1, 1966
May 1, 1967
DARLING AND COMPANY
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 600 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction by November 1, 1967
WYANDOTTE CHEMICALS CORPORATION
Waste Constituent
-------
Suspended Solids
Oil
Chlorides
North Plant
South Plant
123
Maximum of 50 mg/1
Maximum of 15 mg/1 - all
outlets
Maximum of 1,300,000 Ibs/day
Maximum of 550,000 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31* 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement the
above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
November 1, 1966
April 1, 1968
Continue investigating alternate methods of chloride and
concentrated brine disposal with the view of reducing the
discharge of these materials to the Detroit River.
PENNSALT CHEMICALS CORPORATION
Waste Constituent
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124
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1
Chlorides East Plant Maximum of 500,000 Ibs/day
West Plant Maximum of 8,800 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction by April 1, 1968
Continue investigation, at the East Plant, of alternate
methods of chloride and concentrated brine disposal with
the view of reducing the discharge of these materials to
the Detroit River.
MC LOUTH STEEL CORPORATION, TRENTON PLANT
Waste Constituent
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125
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1
Iron Maximum of 17 mg/1 and
2,500 Ibs/day
Oil Maximum of 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31> 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction by April 1, 1968
REVERE COPPER AND BRASS, INCORPORATED
Waste Constituent
Suspended Solids Maximum of 50 mg/1
Oil Maximum 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
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126
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
November 1, 1966
November 1, 1967
FIRESTONE TIRE AND RUBBER COMPANY
Waste Constituent
Iron
Maximum of 17 mg/1 and
330 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituent
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31> 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
Construction plans and specifications
-------
approved by
Finish Construction by
127
November 1, 1966
November 1, 1967
MOBIL OIL COMPANY
Waste Constituent
Suspended Solids
Oil
Maximum of 50 mg/1
Maximum of 15 mg/1
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction by November 1, 1967
MONSANTO CHEMICALS CORPORATION, TRENTON RESINS PLANT
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 2,800 Ibs/day
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128
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituent
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by November 1, 1966
Construction plans and specifications
approved by April 1, 1967
Finish construction by April 1, 1968
MONSANTO CHEMICALS CORPORATION, INORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION
Waste Constituent
Phosphates Maximum of 2,000 Ibs/day
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituent
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31* 19&7.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
-------
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
129
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Start construction by
Finish construction by
November 1, 1967
August 1968
November 1968
November 1, 1969
Proceed immediately with presently authorized plans to
segregate in-plant waste flows and reduce known phosphate
discharges where possible.
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, SQLVAY PROCESS DIVISION
Waste Constituent
Maximum of 50 mg/1
Maximum of 2,800,000 Ibs/day
Suspended Solids
Chlorides
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 196?.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
-------
130
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by November 1, 1966
Finish construction by April 1, 1968
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, SEMET SOLVAY DIVISION
Waste Constituent
Oil None in amounts sufficient
to cause a visible film
on the surface waters
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituent;
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by April 1, 1966
Finish construction by April 1, 1967
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131
E.I. DuPONT de NEMOURS AND COMPANY, INDUSTRIAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL DIVISION
Waste Constituent
pH 5.8 - 10.3
Analyses shall De made of the effluent waste constituent
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31> 196?.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limit:
Construction plans and specifications
approved by April 1, 1966
Finish construction by April 1, 1967
TIME CONTAINER CORPORATION MONROE PAPER PRODUCTS DIVISION
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 500 Ibs/day
Suspended Solids Maximum of 35 mg/1 and
650 Ibs/day
Total Coliform M.P.N. Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
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132
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
January 1, 1967
January 1, 1968
January 1, 1969
CONSOLIDATED PACKAGING CORPORATION, NORTH PLANT
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 2,400 Ibs/day
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 35 mg/1 and
2,200 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000 (April-
November )
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
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133
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31*
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
January 1, 196?
January 1, 1968
January 1, 1969
CONSOLIDATED PACKAGING CORPORATION, SOUTH PLANT
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand Maximum of 1,500 Ibs/day
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 35 mg/1 and
2,100 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
-------
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
January 1, 1967
January 1, 1968
January 1, 1969
UNION BAG-CAMP CORPORATION
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 2,500 Ibs/day
Maximum of 35 mg/1 and
1,350 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
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135
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction by
January 1, 196?
January 1, 1968
January 1, 1969
FORD MOTOR COMPANY, MONROE
Waste Constituent
Cyanide
Oil reaching dilution canal
Phosphates
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 0.025 mg/1
and 25 Ibs/day
Maximum of 15 mg/1
Maximum of 200 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning January 31, 196?.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
-------
Construction plans and specifications
approved by
Finish construction
136
December 1, 1967
Twenty-four months
after approval of
plans
CITY OF MONROE
Waste Constituent
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Phosphates
Total Coliform M.P.N.
Maximum of 350 Ibs/day
Maximum of 50 mg/1 and
1,200 Ibs/day
Minimum of 80^ removal and
.Maximum of 128 Ibs/day
Maximum of 1,000
(April-November)
Analyses shall be made of the effluent waste constituents
listed, to the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status and shall be filed with the Chief Engineer
at the end of each month beginning February 1, 1967.
Time schedule for construction of facilities to implement
the above waste effluent criteria limits:
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137
Complete preliminary engineering
study and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1, 1969
The City shall accelerate plans for separating storm runoff
and infiltration from the sanitary sewer system.
CITY OF LUNA PIER
The discharge of raw and semi-treated sewage into water-
courses shall be discontinued and areas of need shall be
sewered to transport wastes to treatment facilities for
treatment, disinfection and substantial reduction in
phosphates.
Time schedule for the construction of treatment facilities
to implement this recommendation:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1, 1969
-------
138
Perform analyses of waste constituents and submit reports
to the Chief Engineer at the end of each month beginning
May 1, 1969.
VILLAGE OF ESTRAL BEACH
The discharge of raw and semi-treated sewage into water-
courses shall be discontinued and areas of need shall be
sewered to transport wastes to treatment facilities for
treatment, disinfection and substantial reduction in
phosphates.
Time schedule for the construction of treatment facilities
to implement this recommendation:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1,
Perform analyses of waste constituents and submit reports
to the Chief Engineer at the end of each month beginning
May 1, 1969.
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139
BERLIN TOWNSHIP BOARD
The discharge of raw and semi-treated sewage into water-
courses shall be discontinued and areas of need shall be
sewered to transport wastes to treatment facilities for
treatment, disinfection and substantial reduction in
phosphates.
Time schedule for the construction of treatment facilities
to implement this recommendation:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1, 1969
Perform analyses of waste constituents and submit reports
to the Chief Engineer at the end of each month beginning
May 1, 1969.
FRENCHTOWN TOWNSHIP BOARD
The discharge of raw and semi-treated sewage into water-
-------
140
courses shall be discontinued and areas of need shall
be sewered to transport wastes to treatment facilities for
treatment, disinfection and substantial reduction in
phosphates.
Time schedule for the construction of treatment facilities
to implement this recommendation:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1, 1969
Perform analyses of waste constituents and submit reports
to the Chief Engineer at the end of each month beginning
May 1, 1969.
MONROE TOWNSHIP BOARD
The discharge of raw or semi-treated sewage into water-
courses shall be discontinued and areas of need shall be
sewered to transport wastes to treatment facilities for
treatment, disinfection, and substantial reduction in
-------
141
phosphates.
Time schedule for the construction of treatment facilities
to implement this recommendation:
Complete preliminary engineering study
and basis of design by May 1, 1967
Construction plans and specifications
approved by May 1, 1968
Finish construction by May 1, 1969
Perform analyses of waste constituents and submit reports
to the Chief Engineer at the end of each month beginning
May 1, 1969.
-------
APPENDIX F
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APPENDIX H
RECOMMENDED
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
for
INTERSTATE WATERCOURSES
at the
MICHIGAN - OHIO
STATE BOUNDARY
Michigan Water Resources Commission
Station B, 200 Mill Street
Lansing, Michigan
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162
RECOMMENDED
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
for
MICHIGAN - OHIO
INTERSTATE WATERCOURSES
Water criteria are herein provided to fulfill the provisions
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 89-23*0
adopted in 1965. Said Act provides the appropriate state
authority to establish water quality criteria to protect
the public health or welfare, and enhance the quality of
the water. In establishing such criteria, the authority
is urged to take into consideration their use and value for
public water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife,
recreation purposes, and agricultural, industrial and other
legitimate uses.
Constituents Recommended Criteria
COLIFORM As the result of industrial or
(Total organisms/lOOml) domestic activity the median
MPN during the Interval of April
1 to October 31 shall not exceed
1000 for samples collected on 10
or more days during any one
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163
month, nor shall 2C$ or more of
these samples exceed an MPN of 5000.
During the interval of November 1 to
March 31 of the succeeding year the
median MPN shall not exceed 5000 for
samples collected on 10 or more days
during any one month, nor shall 20$
or more of the monthly samples exceed
an MPN of 10,000.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
The daily average DO content shall
not be less than 6.0 milligrams per
liter, nor shall the concentration
as determined for any one sample be
less than 4.0 milligrams per liter.
DISSOLVED ORGANICS
Limited to the extent necessary to
prevent detectable off-flavor in the
flesh of fish or the development of
slimes or other nuisance growths as
the result of industrial or domestic
wastes.
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SOLIDS
(Suspended and
Floating)
COLOR AND TURBIDITY
164
Limited to the extent necessary
to prevent the formation of deposits
of either industrial or domestic
waste origin on the bed, banks or
surface of the stream.
Not offensive in appearance or other-
wise unattractive as the result of
wastes of industrial or domestic
origin.
OILS AND GREASES
No visible film of oil or globules
of grease.
TEMPERATURE
Stream temperatures, as a result of
domestic or industrial waste dis-
charges, shall not be increased more
than 10° p above the ambient stream
temperature, nor exceed a maximum of
35° F.
CHLORIDES
Average annual chloride ion con-
centration shall not exceed 125 milli-
grams per liter, nor shall the
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165
maximum concentration for any sample
be in excess of 250 milligrams per
liter.
PHENOLS
Less than 5.0 micrograms per liter
Oug/1).
PH
Not less than 6.5 nor more than 8.8,
PHOSPHATES
Limited to the extent necessary to
prevent stimulation of nuisance
growths of algae and weeds.
CYANIDE (as CN) Less than 0.025 milligrams per liter,
CHROMIUM (as Cr) Less than 0.05 milligrams per liter.
(hexavalent and
trivalent)
COPPER ( as Cu) Less than 0.1 milligram per liter.
ZINC (as Zn)
IRON (as Fe)
Less than 0.2 milligrams per liter,
Less than 0.3 milligrams per liter
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166
CADMIUM (as Cd) Lees than 0.05 milligrams per liter.
NICKEL (as Ni) None detectable.
OTHER CONSTITUENTS Shall not contain other substances
which are or may become injurious to
the uses set forth in Section 6 of
P. A. 2^5, of 1929, as amended.
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167
WATER USES
of
MICHIGAN - OHIO
INTERSTATE WATERCOURSES
Water quality criteria are provided for the purpose of protecting and enhancing the following
values and uses of Michigan-Ohio Interstate waters and portions thereof:
PRESENT AND POTENTIAL WATER USES
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1. Partial body contact recreation
2. Total body contact recreation
3. Fish and aquatic life
4. Wildlife
5, Livestock watering
6. Industrial process uses and cooling and
condenser use
7. Irrigation
8. Domestic water supply
9. Waste water assimilation
10. Aesthetic value
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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168
LISTING OF MICHIGAN - OHIO
INTERSTATE WATERCOURSES
The following is a listing of interstate watercourses at the Michigan-Ohio boundary as
identified by name on quadrangle maps edited and published by the U. S. Geological Survey, for
which interstate water quality criteria are to apply. Intermittent watercourses such as ditches
and drains and small streams with drainage areas of less than 30 square miles are not listed
below.
Watercourse
Flow Location at Michigan Boundary
Direction Tributary Civil Unit Public Land Survey
(to) (to) (Twp.) Section^ Town Range
BRANCH COUNTY
1. No streams of significant
Michigan drainage area.
HILLSDALE COUNTY
1. W. Br. St. Joseph River
(Michigan drainage area at
boundary equals 90 square
miles)
Ohio
Nettle Creek
Camden
10
T.9S. R.UW.
2. E. Br. St. Joseph River
(Michigan drainage area at
boundary equals 88 square
miles)
Ohio
Maumee River
Amboy
12
T.9S. R.2W.
LENAWEE COUNTY
1. Bean Creek
(Michigan drainage area at
boundary equals 201 square
miles)
Ohio
Tiffin River
Seneca
T.8S. R.2E.
MONROE COUNTY
1. No streams of significant
Michigan drainage area.
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169
These water quality criteria shall become
effective on January 1, 1968, providing they have been
approved by the appropriate Federal agency.
The Commission will maintain a program of
periodic stream sampling and in the event it is determined
that water quality in any of these streams at the Michigan-
Ohio boundary does not conform to these criteria, the
Water Resources Commission will thereafter Implement the
criteria by initiating statutory proceedings against the
industries or governmental units whose wastes are causing
the non-conformance. This would entail for each such
industry or governmental unit:
a. Notice of Determination and Hearing on proposed
form of Order
b, Hearing
c. Final Order of Determination
d„ Court review, if invoked by recipient of Order
e. Court enforcement at Commission's order on
request for non-compliance.
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170
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ACT 87 OP THE PUBLIC ACTS OF 1965
and
REGULATIONS GOVERNING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AREAS
****
This Act and these Regulations establish minimum require-
ments for solid waste disposal areas.
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC HEALTH
LANSING, MICHIGAN
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172
ACT 8?
OF THE PUBLIC ACTS OF 1965
AN ACT to license and regulate garbage and
refuse disposal; and to provide a penalty for violation
of this act.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT:
Sec. 1. As used in this act:
(a) "Refuse" means putrescible and nonputrescible
solid wastes, except body wastes, and includes garbage,
rubbish, ashes, incinerator ash, incinerator residue, street
cleanings and solid market and industrial wastes.
(b) "Garbage" means rejected food wastes including
waste accumulation of animal, fruit or vegetable matter
used or intended for food or that attend the preparation,
use, cooking, dealing in or storing of meat, fish, fowl,
fruit or vegetable.
(c ) "Rubbish" means nonputrescible solid wastes,
excluding ashes, consisting of both combustible and pon-
combustible wastes, such as paper, cardboard, tin cans,
yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery, or litter
of any kind that will be a detriment to the public health
and safety.
(d) "Ashes" means the residue from the burning of wood,
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173
coal, coke or other combustible materials.
(e) "Commissioner" means the state health commissioner.
(f) "Health Officer" means a full time administrative
officer of an approved city, county or district department
of health.
(g) Applicant means individuals, firms, corporations
or any political subdivisions of the state including any
governmental authority created by statute.
Sec. 2. No person shall dispose of any refuse at any
place except a disposal area licensed as provided in this
act. Nothing in this act nor any act of the commissioner's
shall usurp the legal right of a local governing body from
developing and enforcing local ordinances, codes, or rules
and regulations on solid waste disposal equal to or more
stringent than the provisions of this act, nor will this
act relieve the applicant for license to operate a disposal
area from obtaining a license from a local governing body
when required or relieve the person owning or operating
a disposal area from responsibility for securing proper
zoning permits or complying with all applicable local
ordinances, codes, or rules and regulations not in conflict
with this act.
Sec. 3. (l) A person, partnership, corporation,
governmental unit or agency thereof desiring a license to
operate a disposal area shall make application therefor
-------
each year to the commissioner through the health officer
on a form provided by the commissioner. Where the disposal
area is located in a county or city not having a full time
organized local health department, the application shall
be made directly to the commissioner.
(2) The application shall contain the name and
residence of the applicant, the location of the proposed
disposal area, and such other information as may be
necessary. The application shall be accompanied by a fee
of $25.00, except that governments and agencies thereof are
exempt from payment of the fee.
(3) Fees collected by the health officer shall be
deposited with the city or county treasurer, who shall
keep the deposits in a special fund designated for use in
carrying out the purposes of this act. If there is an
ordinance or regulation prohibiting a city board of health
or health officer from maintaining any such special fund,
the fees shall be deposited and used in accordance with the
ordinance and regulations. Pees collected by the commis-
sioner shall be deposited in the state treasury to the
credit of the general fund.
Sec. 4. (l) Upon receipt of the application the com-
missioner or health officer or their representatives shall
inspect the proposed site and determine if the proposed
operation complies with this act and the rules and
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175
regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
(2) If the inspection discloses that the disposal area
and the proposed operation thereof comply with this act and
the rules and regulations adopted hereunder, and the commis-
sioner or health officer finds that the applicant is a
responsible and suitable person to conduct the business.,
the commissioner shall issue a license to the applicant
upon filing by the applicant with the commissioner a per-
formance bond in an amount equal to $500.00 per acre of
disposal area, but not less than $2,500.00.
(3) Licenses shall expire on September 1 following the
date of issuance but may be renewed upon payment of an
annual fee of $25.00 if the licensee has complied with the
act and the rules and regulations adopted hereunder.
Sec. 5. The commissioner may revoke a license, after
reasonable notice and hearing if he finds that the disposal
area is not operated in accordance with this act and the
rules and regulations adopted hereunder.
Sec. 6. The commissioner shall promulgate rules
and regulations which shall contain sanitary standards for
disposal areas and otherwise implement this act. The rules
shall be promulgated in accordance with the provisions of
Act No. 88 of the Public Acts of 19^3* as amended, being
sections 24.71 to 24.80 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, and
subject to Act No. 197 of the Public Acts of 1952, as
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176
amended, being sections 24.101 to 24.110 of the Compiled
Laws of 1948. The commissioner or health officer shall
periodically inspect all licensed disposal areas and
enforce this act.
Sec. 7. This act does not prohibit a person from dis-
posing of refuse from his own household upon his own land
as long as such disposal does not create a nuisance or
hazard to health.
Sec. 8. Any person who violates any provisions cf this
act is guilty cf a misdemeanor. Each day of the violation
shall be considered a separate violation.
This Act is ordered to take immediate effect.
THIS ACT BECAME EFFECTIVE JUNE 28, 1965.
* * * # *
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DIVISION OF ENGINEERING
REGULATIONS GOVERNING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AREAS
(Filed with Secretary of State, November 23, 1965)
Published in Supplement No. 45, 1954 Administrative Code
(By authority conferred on the department of public
health by section 6 of Act No. 87 of the Public Acts
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177
of 1965, being section 325.296 of the Compiled
Laws of 1948, and by section 7 of Act No. 146
of the Public Acts of 1919* as amended, being
section 325.7 of the Compiled Laws of 19^8.)
R 325.1101. Definitions.
Rule 1. As used in these rules:
(a) "Cell" means compacted refuse completely enveloped
by cover material.
(b) "Central garbage grinding" means the grinding by
mechanical means of garbage accumulated by municipal,
commercial or private delivery vehicles.
(c) "Director" means the director of the department of
public health.
(d) "Disposal area" means a site, location, tract of
land, area, building, structure or premise used or intended
to be used for partial and/or total refuse disposal.
(e) "Ground water" means water in the ground that is
in the zone of saturation.
(f) "Habitable building" means a structure or part
thereof where persons live, sleep, reside or congregate.
(g) "Hazardous material" includes, but is not limited
to, explosives, pathological wastes, radioactive materials
and chemicals.
(h) "Health department" means an approved city, county
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178
or district health department, including the Michigan
department of public health.
(i) "Open dump" means a site where refuse is dumped
and which due to lack of control may create a breeding
place for flies and rats, may catch fire or may produce
air pollution.
(J ) "Premises" means a tract or parcel of land with
or without habitable buildings.
(k) "Salvaging" means the controlled removal of
reusable materials.
(l) "Sanitary landfill" means a method of disposing
of refuse on land without creating nuisances or hazards
to public health or safety, by utilizing principles of
engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical
area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to
cover it with a layer of suitable cover at the conclusion
of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as
necessary.
(m) "Scavenging" means the uncontrolled picking of
materials.
(n) "Surface water" means a body of water whose top
surface is exposed to the atmosphere Including a flowing
body as well as a pond and a lake.
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179
R 325.1102. General requirements for licensing.
Rule 2. Where refuse is removed from premises, to a
location other than its point of origin, for disposal or
where refuse is not removed from the premises but disposed
at the point of origin in such quantities as to become of
public health concern:
Plans and specifications.
(a) Refuse disposal facilities shall be designed in
accordance with these rules by a registered professional
engineer. Detailed plans, specifications, and necessary
reports shall be submitted in triplicate to the health
department having jurisdiction for review, approval and
file. Alterations or deviations from these plans shall
also be submitted for approval and file. In the development
of the required plans and specifications for sanitary land-
fill, hog feeding and open dump operations when the health
department, in their judgment, believe that technical prob-
lems will not be encountered, the services of a registered
professional engineer may be waived.
Inspection and evaluation.
(b) The director or health department having jurisdic-
tion shall make routine inspections and evaluations of
solid waste disposal operations. A written notice of
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180
deficiencies, together with recommendations for their
correction, shall be provided to the operator or the
appropriate individual, firm, corporation, governmental
unit or agency thereof responsible for the solid waste
disposal operation.
R 325.1103. Sanitary landfills; design.
Maps.
Ruie 3. (l) The design of the sanitary landfill shall
include 1 or more topographic maps at a scale of not over
100 feet to the inch with contour intervals which clearly
show the character of land. These maps and accompanying
data shall indicate the following: the proposed fill area;
any borrow area; access roads; on-site roads; grades for
proper drainage of each lift required and a typical cross-
section of a lift; special drainage devices if necessary;
fencing; structures on the site; existing and proposed
utilities; and all other pertinent information to indicate
clearly the soil characteristics, water table, orderly
development, operation and completion of the sanitary land-
fill. A sanitary survey and a land use plan of the adjacent
areas may be required.
Geology.
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181
(2) The geological characteristics of the site shall
be determined by on-site testing or from earlier reliable
survey data to indicate soil conditions, water tables
and subsurface cnaracteristics.
Characteristics of cover material.
(3) Cover material shall be of such character that it
can be compacted to provide a tight seal and shall be
free of putrescible materials and large objects.
Water pollution and nuisance control.
(4) Sanitary landfill operations shall be so designed
and operated that conditions of unlawful pollution will
not be created and injury to ground and surface waters
avoided which might interfere with legitimate water uses.
Water-filled areas not directly connected to natural lakes,
rivers or streams may be filled with specific inert
material not detrimental to legitimate water uses and
which will not create a nuisance or hazard to health.
Special approval of the inert material to be used in this
manner is required in writing from the health department
having jurisdiction. Such approval shall be filed with
the Director. Inert material shall not include residue
from refuse incinerators, unless evidence, satisfactory
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182
to the Director, is submitted by the licensee substantiating
that such residue will not create a nuisance or hazard to
health.
Equipment.
(5) Adequate numbers, types and sizes of properly main-
tained equipment shall be used in operating the landfill
in accordance with good engineering practice and with these
rules. Emergency equipment shall be available on the site
or suitable arrangements made for such equipment from other
sources during equipment breakdown or during peak loads.
R 325.1104. Sanitary landfills; preparation of the site.
On-site roads.
Rule 4. (l) On-site roads shall be designed and con-
structed so that traffic will flow smoothly and will not
be interrupted by ordinary inclement weather.
Fire protection.
(2) Suitable measures shall be available to extinguish
accidental fires.
R 325.1105. Sanitary landfills; operations.
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183
Supervision of operation.
(Rule 5. (l) A landfill operation shall be under the
direction of a responsible individual at all times.
Limited access.
(2) Access to a sanitary landfill shall be limited to
those times when an attendant is on duty and only to those
authorized to use the site for the disposal of refuse,
except as otherwise approved in writing by the health
department having jurisdiction and concurred in by the
director,. Access to the site shall be controlled by a suit-
able barrier.
Unloading of refuse.
(3) Unloading of refuse shall be continuously super-
vised, except as may be modified by Rule 5, paragraph (2).
Site maintenance.
(4) Measures shall be provided to control dust and
blowing paper. The entire area shall be kept clean and
orderly.
Spreading and compacting of refuse.
(5) Refuse shall be spread so that it can be compacted
in layers not exceeding a depth of 2 ft. of compacted
material. Large and bulky items, when not excluded from
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184
the site, shall be disposed of In a manner approved by
the health department.
Volumes of cells.
(6) Volumes of Individual cells shall not exceed the
daily quantity of wastes.
Daily cover.
(7) A compacted layer of at least 6 inches of suitable
cover material shall be placed on all exposed refuse by
the end of each working day. The placing of cover material
may be modified in writing by the health department having
jurisdiction when deemed necessary.
Final cover.
(8) A layer of suitable cover material compacted to a
minimum thickness of 2 feet shall be placed over the entire
surface of each portion of the final lift not later than 1
week following the placement of refuse within that portion.
Maintenance of cover.
(9) All daily cover depths must be continually maintained
and final cover depths shall be maintained for a period of
2 years.
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185
Hazardous materials, including liquids and sewage.
(1C)) Hazardous materials, including liquids and sewage,
shall not be disposed of in a sanitary landfill unless
special provisions are made for such disposal through the
health department having Jurisdiction. This provision in
no way precludes the right of a landfill operator to exclude
any materials as a part of his operational standards.
Burning.
(11) No garbage or refuse containing garbage shall be
burned at a sanitary landfill. Burning of select materials
shall be severely restricted and shall be conducted only
in designated areas with the permission of the health depart-
ment having jurisdiction and other appropriate authorities..
Salvage.
(12) Salvaging, if permitted, shall be organized so
that it will not interfere with prompt sanitary disposal
of refuse or create unsightliness or health hazards. This
provision in no way precludes the right of a landfill
operator to prevent salvaging as a part of his operational
standards. Spavenging shall not be permitted.
Insect and rodent control.
(13) Conditions unfavorable for the production of
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186
Insects and rodents shall be maintained by carrying out
routine landfill operations promptly in a systematic manner.
Supplemental insect and rodent control measures shall be
instituted whenever necessary.
Drainage of surface water.
(l4) The entire site, including the fill surface, shall
be graded and provided with drainage facilities to minimize
runoff onto and into the fill, to prevent erosion or
washing of the fill, to drain off rainwater falling on the
fill, and to prevent the collection of standing water.
Completion of landfill.
(15) An inspection of the entire site shall be made by
the health department having jurisdiction to determine
compliance with approved plans and specifications before the
earth-moving equipment is removed from the site. Any
necessary corrective work shall be performed before the
landfill project is accepted as completed. Arrangements
shall be made for the repair of all cracked, eroded, and
uneven areas in the final cover during the first 2 years
following completion of the fill.
Modification of sanitary landfill ru.1es.
(l6) Modifications of the rules on sanitary landfills
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18?
as applicable to existing disposal areas may be made by
the health department having jurisdiction. These modifica-
tions may continue in effect to May 31* 1968, providing the
modifications are: approved in writing, supported by a
comprehensive improvement plan, the modified operations
are not a hazard to public health nor contribute to a
nuisance and are concurred in by the director.
R.325.1106. Open dumos.
Rule 6. Open dumps shall not be permitted unless the
location and specific method of operation has been approved
in writing by the health department and concurred in by the
director, and provided further that the isolation and
operation and maintenance does not constitute a nuisance
or hazard to health.
R 325.1107 Hog feeding.
Feeding area.
Rule 7. (l) Garbage, as defined in Act 87 Public
Acts of 1965* when fed to hogs shall be fed on a readily
cleanable impervious feeding area.
General area.
(2) The general area including cooking facilities,
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188
when provided, shall be kept in a sanitary manner to
prevent the attraction, harborage and breeding of insects
and rodents and shall not create a nuisance.
Residue disposal.
(3) All residues resulting from the day's feeding
operation shall be disposed of by a method approved by the
health department having Jurisdiction.
Garbage cooking.
(4) Garbage cooking operations licensed under Act No.
173 Public Acts of 1953 are exempt from the license
provision of Act No. 8? Public Acts of 1965 but shall
comply with all other applicable sections and these rules.
R 325.1108. Central garbage grinding.
Rule 8. Central garbage grinders receiving wastes
categorized under introductory paragraph of Rule 2 shall be
designed to provide reasonable safety for employees and
to Incorporate operating features which will assist in main-
taining and operating the facility in a, sanitary manner.
The general sanitation in and around the central garbage
grinder as well as the operational procedures employed
shall be subject to the approval of the health department.
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189
R 325.1109. Refuse burners.
Rule 9. Refuse burners receiving wastes categorized
under introductory paragraph of Rule 2. shall be designed:
to provide reasonable safety for employees, to incorporate
operating features which will assist in maintaining and
operating the facility in a sanitary manner and in
accordance with Act No. 348 of the Public Acts of 1965
(the air pollution control act) and applicable local require-
ments. The general sanitation in and around the refuse
burner as well as the operational procedures employed shall
be subject to the approval of the health department.
R 325.1110. Other methods.
Rule 10. Any other method of solid waste disposal not
covered by these rules shall be reviewed by the health
department for the purposes of evaluating the design and
operational methods with reference to: the nuisance factor,
the safety of emoloyees and the protection of the public
health. Such disposal methods shall be subject to the evalua-
tion and approval of the director.
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190
R, W. Purdy
MR. QUIGLEY: May I just make the comment that
I think the report as written and presented is most
encouraging. In fairness to the other conferees, who may
come after you and may not have time to say quite as much
or in as great detail, I think it should be noted, of
course, that Detroit started on this particular assignment
a little earlier than the rest of the States, as far as
Federal enforcement action is concerned. However, regard-
less of when you started and regardless of how long it
has taken, I think the report as submitted is an excellent
progress report.
Let me just ask one question: The biggest
municipality involved in this operation is the City of
Detroit. What kind of treatment are we talking about for
the city?
MR. PURDY: The specific requirement for the
City of Detroit is shown in Appendix E. It sets forth
that they shall control their load to a maximum of 206,000
pounds per day of five-day BOD; 324,000 pounds of suspended
solids; 93 pounds of phenol; a coliform maximum of 1,000;
for phosphates a minimum of 80$ removal and a maximum of
21,000 pounds a day; and oil, a maximum of 15 milligrams
per liter.
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191
R. W. Purdy
When this is related to the present waste load
at Detroit, it means upwards of an immediate 80^ or 75$
reduction in BOD load, which, I believe, means secondary
treatment.
MR. QUIGLEY: All right. Now let me ask you
this: Has there been any further planning since the
stipulations were agreed upon and the City of Detroit In-
dicated its readiness to move towards compliance?
Has there been any discussion of the kind of
money that is involved here for the City of Detroit to come
up with the necessary secondary treatment?
MR. PURDY: Detroit has estimated that this is
somewhat in excess of $100 million -- I believe exactly
$104 million in the next four years' time.
The financing problem has not been completely
solved as of this date.
MR. QUIGLEY: Do any of the other conferees have
any questions or comments?
Yes, Mr. Oeming?
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, I would like to point
out here that in connection with this report, in the
conferences that have been held on the Clinton River Basin,
which is not exactly within the confines or the definition
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192
R. W. Purdy
of this particular Meeting, the problem was identified
as the Selfridge Air Force Base having inadequate collection
and inadequate treatment of sewage.
This has been brought to the attention of the
Regional Director of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Mr. Poston, who sits as a conferee here.
We had excellent response, at least insofar as a willingness
to undertake correction of this problem, and we are hopeful
that this will follow through so that the Federal establish-
ment will provide the necessary facilities concurrent with
other problems and solutions in the area.
MR. QUIGLEY: Thank you for bringing up that
fact. Despite the fact that technically it might not fall
within the purview of this Meeting, if it is a Federal
installation and it is not doing what it ought to, this
ought to be brought out. If it is doing what it ought to
do, this ought to be brought out also.
As the Secretary pointed out, our own house has
to be very much in order if we are going to give any kind
of direction and guidance and leadership to the States,
municipalities, and industries. We thoroughly have to be
just a little bit like Caesar's wife.
MR. OEMING: Mr. Quigley, I also have another
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comment to make here. It was not brought out in Mr.
Purdy"s presentation, but we have attached to the report,
for the benefit of the conferees, a copy of the Solid
Wastes Disposal Act, which has just gone into effect, and
which is now being administered to meet that provision in
the summary and conclusions of the conference with respect
to dumping materials into Lake Erie.
I want the record to show that the conferees, at
least, have a copy of the Act, and the regulations that are
being applied and have already been applied in the Raisin
River area to regulate the discharge and dumping of
materials that could get into the screams and the lake.
MR. POSTON: Mr. Chairman, in further reference
to the Selfridge Air Force Base, it was indicated this is
out of the area which we are discussing here today, but I
would be the first to acknowledge that this has been a
knotty problem with us. It is out of the area, and that is
why we did not report on it.
However, Mr. Harlow is here today and, if you so
desire, I would have him elaborate further on this problem,
if you think that might be indicated.
SECRETARY UDALL: We are running into a time
problem. Maybe this might fit in later.
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R. W. Purdy
I want to make two or three observations of my
own with regard to the Michigan report.
My technical people indicate that the type of
standards that you have adopted are sound and good, and
I think the general quickening pace of action, the picture
presented here today, from my point of view, is satisfactory.
This Waste Disposal Act passed by the Legislature
— I have been looking at it here -- is a sound one. I
wish all of our States had sound, strong laws in this field,
and I will certainly be watching the way that it functions
with great interest.
Up to this point, the American people have been a
Nation of dumpers, of Just littering the landscape, the
old-fashioned city dump. I really can't think of anything
that is more barbarous or outrageous.
On the trip which President Johnson sent me last
March to West Germany, I ran into a very interesting
approach that the City of Munich is using. As you probably
know, it is one of the largest cities of Western Europe.
They tell me they have a somewhat different type
of garbage and refuse, a little more inflammable,, but there
the city garbage is collected; it is taken out to a new
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R. W. Purdy
electric power station that burns two-thirds coal and one-
third garbage, and it is entirely consumed.
What emerges out of this is a little bale of
metal, the "Goldfinger-type" bale of metal, that is then
sent off and sold to the scrap processors. The garbage
is actually burned to produce electric power. They have
no city garbage dump, in other words.
However, the thing that distresses me as a conser-
vationist is that if we continue another hundred years
the dumping practices, the whole country will come to be
a dump. All the beautiful stream valleys and riverfront
areas -- I mean, dumping can be used at times to create
land, and even to create parks -- will be dumps. Much of
the American dumping practice I think does us more dis-
credit as a people than almost anything that we have done.
I think this type of statute is overdue and is sound,
and I certainly want to applaud it.
I wanted to make one other observation here. I
wish I had time -- I have a schedule to go on this river
trip -- to hear the Ohio presentation in particular. One
thing that does concern us a great deal in Washington is
the new pattern of cooperation and action that is emerging.
I think we are in a very critical period now. Of course,
what President Johnson has proposed in this clean rivers and
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R. W. Purdy
clean waters legislation Is for the Federal Government to
play a larger role In terms of monetary contribution, 30
percent or more, if the people who share a common lake or
a common river or the States and the communities will get
together and develop a clean-up program. This is the
essence of the present approach.
It also is obvious to most of us that we are
going to get the job done faster when the State participates
the way that New York State is participating -- where the
State will put up 30 percent of the money.
I noticed in the New York Times last week that
the Wisconsin Legislature passed a new program where they
are providing tax incentives and providing loans.
It does seem to me that for really quick action,
we have to give the cities more help.
I would like to hope that the States bordering
on Lake Erie will all participate in some manner. I
noticed Governor Rhodes' announcement in the press earlier
in Cincinnati at the Governors' Conference with regard
to what Ohio is proposing. He referred in his state-
ment to 4l2 municipal sewage treatment plants serving a
population of seven million and a 1970 goal for most of
this action. There was a total price tage of something in
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R. W. Purdy
the order of, well, one billion dollars.
I think again we have a picture of action here,
but the one thing that is missing to me is that there is
no State action. The Governor is announcing what the
municipalities and industries are doing, but he is not
announcing anything that the State is doing.
It seems to me that the best way to help all of
our municipalities move rapidly is for the Federal Government
to make a larger contribution in terms of money and for the
States to make a contribution -- whether the New York
State formula of 30-30-40 is correct, or whether some
other formula is correct.
It seems to me that in order to lick this big
backlog, we are going to need not only strong State leader-
ship in terms of enforcement of the type we have had
pictured here this morning, but I think the States are
going to have to get into business. Again, it can be done
on a bond issue basis of helping move in aggressively and
tackling this backlog problem.
The great thing about using the bond approach
with regard to water clean-up, it seems to me, is that we
are essentially then letting the people who are going to
benefit from the clean-up and are going to achieve the
human advantage ultimately from having clean lakes and clean
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R. W. Purdy
rivers, help pay it off. That, I think, is sound
politically from the standpoint of carrying out an action
program of this kind.
So I think certainly, from the standpoint of
what was being done a year ago in all of these States, we
can already see a new action pattern -- a much more
aggressive approach.
I commend this, and I commend the State of
Michigan for the report, but I still think that there is
a bigger job to be done, and that we can do more.
MR. TEATER: Mr. Chairman, may I respond briefly
to that comment, please?
Today, in Columbus, there is a meeting of the
Ohio Water Commission and its 115-man advisory council,
which is made up of members of industry, municipal
water supply and public interests, to develop a program
for complete water management for Ohio based upon a request
by the Governor to come up with a plan to be presented to
the next General Assembly for complete water management,
including not only pollution control, but water develop-
ment for water supplies, recreation, flow augmentation, and
so forth.
This meeting in Columbus is the first of a
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R. w. Purdy
series which will be developing a water plan for complete
water management in Ohio to include, as the Governor gave
them the job, not only organization changes that might
be necessary in Ohio, but also legislation and financing
to finance a complete water development plan for the State,
not overlooking the needs for water supply for industry and
recreation and municipal use, including, as the Secretary
suggested very ably, a plan for complete financing of the
job which is ahead of us.
Thank you.
(Applause. )
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, I think you raised a
question here that I should comment on about this financing
situation.
Governor Romney recommended to the Legislature
some statutes that would extend the grants that are now
provided by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion. The Legislature is meeting today on a statute which
will appropriate funds to supplement the Federal grant
funds -- not a matching program, but a supplemental program
— and this is the first start in Michigan in this kind of
a financing arrangement.
I suspect that it will pass. There is quite a
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R. W. Purdy
lot of push behind it.
SECRETARY UDALL: I am trying to be constructive,
and I think I am getting constructive responses. Because
Wisconsin and New York anchor on different ends of the
Great Lakes, I have been asking myself a question. I
don't think that either State is any more enlightened
or forward-looking than the rest of the States. If these
two States feel that they should play a more aggressive
role, then it seems to me the other States might well
join in asking themselves whether they can move more
rapidly and whether increased State participation won't
be able to help the cities lick their backlog problem
faster.
Maybe I have been talking too much lately to
some of the mayors of big cities, and hearing of their woes,
but my desire, and I think the desire of the people, is to
get the clean-up program under way as quickly as possible.
I suspect that if the States lead out on this in a very
vigorous way, that you are going to find that it is not only
good stewardship, but it is good politics.
Governor Rockefeller's program -- and I don't
normally go around the country boosting Republican governors
-- (Laughter) -- but Governor Rockefeller's program that a
Democratic Stste legislature a year ago passed unanimously
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R. W. Purdy
was on the ballot last November and passed by four to one.
The people of the State of New York were asked this
question, just quite bluntly: "Do you want to clean up
the rivers of this State at a cost of one billion dollars?"
And they answered, by a four to one vote, "yes.."
I think that if we give you the right support
and help present this, that you would get the same answer
in the other States.
So I am trying to say this not critically, but
I am trying to say it constructively.
MR. POOLE: May I say something?
SECRETARY UDALL: Yes.
MR. POOLE: I would like to report for the State
of Indiana, Mr. Secretary, that the Indiana Stream Pollution
Control Board has recommended to the 1967 legislature that
the State provide a 30^ matching grant to go along with the
Federal funds. This has the support of Governor Branigin.
I would not want to forecast at this moment what
the 1967 legislature will do, but I am hopeful that it will
look at it favorably.
SECRETARY UDALL: Maybe I should come over and
give them a speech.
MR. POOLE: I may want you to.
MR. LYON: Mr. Secretary, speaking for Pennsylvania,
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R. W. Purdy
I would like to say that Pennsylvania has had a State
grants program since 1956, making grants to municipalities,
and that Governor Scranton just to this legislature proposed
a constitutional amendment to increase the capacity of the
State by a half a billion dollars for a land conservation
fund. This has already passed the Senate, and hopefully
will pass the House.
The chairman of our board just last week recom-
mended another act that will establish watershed authori-
ties with State financing to further enhance our clean-up
program.
SECRETARY UDALL: Our trip on the sweet waters
of the Cuyahoga is already fifteen minutes late.
If it is all right with the rest of the
conferees, we will adjourn at this time until 2:30.
Thank you all for coming.
(Whereupon, at 11:45 a.m., a recess was taken
until 2:30 p.m. of the same day.)
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E. W. Arnold
AFTERNOON SESSION
(2:30 p.m. )
MR. STEIN: May we reconvene?
May we hear from Ohio?
STATEMENT OF DR. E. W. ARNOLD, DIRECTOR,
OHIO DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH
DR. ARNOLD: Mr. Quigley, Mr. Stein, Conferees,
Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen:
The Ohio conferees were very pleased with the
results of the Conference on Pollution of Lake Erie last
August. The accord reached by the conferees, representing
rive States and the Federal Government, presented 27
recommendations and conclusions which have given us an
outstanding and realistic program for cleaning up this
vital body of water.
We feel further that our meeting today should
mark another milestone in this program, with a presentation
of schedules for necessary remedial action to protect the
lake.
Although there was a delay of three months last
fall when the Federal Water Pollution Control Agency re-
viewed the recommendations before issuing the final official
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E. W. Arnold
summary of the conference, Ohio took Immediate action to
implement its part of the agreed to program.
In September 1965, less than a month after the
final session of the conference, the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board began a series of meetings with the representa-
tives of industries and municipalities where pollution
control improvements would be needed. These meetings con-
tinued each succeeding month. The municipalities and
industries were informed of the new and stricter require-
ments for pollution control and were put on record with an
official time schedule for the installation of the
improvements.
At its October meeting, the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board issued a ban on any further construction of
combined storm and sanitary sewers. This is in line with
one of the very important recommendations of the conference.
The Ohio Water Pollution Control Board also in-
formed municipalities which now have only primary sewage
treatment that they would need to improve or provide
secondary treatment. It might be pointed out that we are
talking about only 21 percent of the approximately three
million urban population of Ohio's share of the Lake Erie
Basin. The other 79 percent in Ohio already has secondary
sewage treatment facilities.
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E. W. Arnold
Actually, much of the fine value of the Lake
Erie Conference Is being extended to all of Ohio, because
the Ohio Water Pollution Control Board chose to make Its
ban on combined sewers a statewide ban, and is informing
municipalities throughout the State that all existing
primary sewage treatment plants must be stepped up to
secondary treatment. There is agreement that no more
primary sewage treatment plants will be allowed in Ohio.
And even beyond this, a number of the larger cities on small
streams are now under orders to provide facilities for
tertiary treatment.
Ohio has been working hard at its pollution
problem. The heavy population density of Ohio and the
large number of city-sized municipalities makes it a big
problem. On a statewide basis -- Ohio River Watershed as
well as Lake Erie Basin -- Ohio has a total of 412 municipal
type sewage treatment plants. At the present time, 293 of
these ?re secondary treatment plants serving a population
of 4,866,000 and 119 are primary plants serving a population
of 2,253,911. This is virtually all of Ohio's urban popula-
tion. The remaining Ohioans live on farms or in small
villages.
Improvements now scheduled in Ohio for both the
Lake Erie Basin and for the rest of the State amount to more
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E. W. Arnold
than a billion dollars. More than $413 million of this is
for additional municipal and industrial waste treatment
facilities in the Lake Erie area. Added to this would be
another $100 million which it is expected will be needed
for additional population growth and industrial expansion
during the period of constructing improvements.
This is a monumental program and Ohio is prepared
to carry it out.
Our engineering staff has prepared a complete and
detailed report on our schedules.
We are pleased to present these.
We, of course, also are interested in hearing
the reports from the other States of the Lake Erie area,
because we are well aware that cleaning up Lake Erie calls
for more than the action of one State. It needs interstate
and even international cooperation, as Governor Rhodes of
Ohio said last year when he made the official request that
brought this very conference that we are having today into
being.
And now, I should like to introduce Mr. George
Eagle, Chief Engineer of the Ohio Department of Health and
one of the official conferees for our State. He will
present a brief narrative summary of the detailed report for
Ohio.
Thank you.
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G. Eagle
STATEMENT OF GEORGE EAGLE, CHIEF
ENGINEER, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
COLUMBUS, OHIO
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Quigley, Mr. Stein, fellow
Conferees, and Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am not going to read all this report. This
report is divided into --
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle, do you want this report
in the record as if read?
MR. EAGLE: Yes, I want the complete report in
the record.
MR. STEIN: All right. Without objection, that
will be done.
MR. EAGLE: This report is divided into parts or
items as they appear in the recommendations and conclusions
of the conferees (See Appendix III).
Data and comments are submitted on each item
which the Ohio conferees understand to be a responsibility
of the State of Ohio to carrv out.
With regard to Items 7 and 8 -- secondary
treatment and removal of phosphates: The details regarding
the status of municipal and county waste treatment facilities
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G. Eagle
and additional needs for compliance with the conference
recommendations and conclusions are included under Item 22,
which is the schedules of remedial actions.
In general, the Ohio Water Pollution Control
Board is requiring that all sewage in the Lake Erie Basin
be given secondary treatment. Dr. Arnold already mentioned
that. Conditions for permit renewals issued after September
1, 1965, and to date, so stipulate. All others not in full
compliance have been notified by letter from the Ohio Water
Pollution Control Board that design and construction
schedules for required secondary treatment must be sub-
mitted. Future permit renewals will verify schedules and
order compliance.
The officials of all major existing secondary
waste treatment plants are studying the phosphate problem,
i.e., making regular analyses for phosphates of influent
and effluer.t samples, evaluating removals with respect to
their operating procedures, in some instances doing pilot
and/or experimental studies, and in general trying to work
out ways and means of maximizing phosphate reductions.
Many more such studies are expected to be
initiated in the near future. Competent personnel and
necessary laboratory facilities are problems in this regard.
Now, with regard to 9 -- disinfection of
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G. Eagle
municipal waste effluents: Rarely do monthly average values
for coliform concentrations exceed 5,000 organisms per 100
ml at the water supply intakes in Lake Erie, according to
reports received in the Ohio Department of Health from the
water plant operators each month. Investigations and
studies are under .way to determine the causes of these
occasionally high counts. Necessary steps will be taken
to correct them.
There are 19 municipal and county waste treat-
ment facilities discharging directly, or nearly directly,
to Lake Erie. All have taken steps to maximize their
present treatment facilities and according to reports sub-
mitted to the Ohio Department of Health, all are chlorinat-
ing their effluents. Of course, higher disinfection
efficiencies will be effected when secondary treatment
facilities have been completed.
Several local agencies are making continuing
bathing beach bacteriological studies. This information
will be helpful in the surveillance program.
Item 10, with regard to bypassing untreated
waters: All plans are carefully checked to insure a
minimum of infiltration into sewers and the misuse of
sanitary sewerage systems for ca±'rylr,^ of roof, storm and
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G. Eagle
other such clear waters. Bypassing arrangements are
critically reviewed. In some instances, larger design
capacities are being required to eliminate the necessity
of frequent bypassing.
Item 11, with regard to combined sewers: Under
date of October 1, 1965, the Division of Engineering of
the Ohio Department of Health issued the following directive
"The recent conference on pollution of Lake
Erie and its tributaries held in Cleveland, Ohio,
and Buffalo, New York, August 3-12, 1965, further
confirmed a general policy of the Ohio Department
of Health of several years standing. The con-
ferees agreed that,
"Combined storm and sanitary sewers be
prohibited in all newly developed areas,
and eliminated in existing areas wherever
feasible."
"Newly developed areas are construed to mean
unsewered areas and areas redeveloped through urban
renewal of other similar programs.
"Effective this date, the Ohio Department of
Health will require:
(l) All plumbing plans submitted for approval under
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G. Eagle
the provisions of Sec. 3703.03 of the Revised
Code include a separate 'building drain' for
sewage and a separate 'building storm drain.'
"Combined building drains' will not be
approved.
(2) Sewerage plans submitted for approval under
provisions of Sec. 3701.18, of the Revised
Code, shall propose separate sanitary and
storm sewers for all newly developed areas,
for redeveloped areas and for all other areas
where deemed practicable.
Municipalities and sewer districts now
served by combined sewers shall have a general
plan of separate sanitary and storm sewers for
the entire area. All new.construction shall
conform to the general plan; and
(3) Future permits issued by the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board under provisions ef Sees. 6111.01
through 6111.08, of the Revised Code, shall
require existing combined sewer systems to be
regularly inspected and flow-regulating
structures set so as to minimize pollution of
receiving waterways."
This directive has been strictly enforced and has
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G. Eagle
resulted in forcing changes from combined to separate
sewers in a number of plans submitted for approval.
All major cities, notably Cleveland, Akron and
Toledo, are carrying out extensive combined sewer overflow
surveillance programs. Also they plan to extend and improve
such programs. Further, these municipalities and some 20
others are studying their combined sewers, and in some
instances the sanitary sewer systems carrying excessive in-
filtration, and they are developing plans for their
elimination and/or improvement. Cleveland, for example,
is proposing three new express trunk sewers that will carry
the sanitary sewage from the suburbs direct to the treat-
ment plants rather than to existing overloaded combined
sewers. These express sewers are estimated to cost
$20,500,000 and are expected to be completed in four to
five years.
The conferees may be assured that the Ohio
Department of Health and the Ohio Water Pollution Control
Board will vigorously follow through on the correction of
the combined sewer problem. Almost all municipal and county
sewage collection systems need improvement to eliminate and
prevent pollution and local nuisances.
Items 12 and 13 on accidental spills: A report
on these items is included in the Item 17 report.
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G. Eaecle
Item 14 -- disposal of refuse: Ohio's report
on Item 14, In the matter of prohibiting the disposal of
garbage, trash and other deleterious refuse in Lake Erie
or its tributaries, is best covered by quoting a news
release issued by Governor James A. Rhodes under date of
June 8, 1966:
"Governor James A. Rhodes today took steps
to strengthen Ohio's laws against dumping debris
in rivers and streams. He asked Natural
Resources Director Fred E. Morr bo prepare legis-
lation for consideration by the Ohio General
Assembly in 1967.
"Pointing out that statewide control of
anti-debris dumping malpractices is necessary,
Governor Rhodes said strong anti-water littering
legislation is as necessary as our present laws
against highway littering.
" Conservation of the usefulness and beauty
of our streams is Important, said Governor Rhodes.
'Streams littered and clogged with debris lose
their value for outdoor recreation. People do not
enjoy fishing, swimming, boating or hiking along
streams strewn with litter,1 he said. 'Furthermore,
certain types of debris dumped into streams causes
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G. Eagle
flooding when the streams peak and the debris
piles in areas along the stream.
"'Stream and river littering is not only
unsightly but expensive, he said. 'Recently the
City of Cleveland was forced to appropriate
thousands of dollars to police the river front and
lake front areas. This is an unnecessary expense
and the money could have been used somewhere else
had the responsible parties for the debris been
more considerate,' he said.
"In asking Director Morr to prepare strong
legislation against stream and river littering,
Governor Rhodes said:
"'The littering of our shores and the streams
and rivers themselves must be prevented. We do not
have at the present time adequate existing laws to
solve this problem of desecration of the shores and
flood plains of our rivers and streams.
"'Civil action by individuals to prevent
littering of the shores of our streams and rivers
is not the solution. The authority of local
boards of health to prevent and enjoin nuisances
is inadequate because there is no uniform
application of this authority and the questionable
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G. Eagle
extent of this authority to prevent or abate all
the sources of pollution.
"'The solution to this problem will require
an intensive educational program, the enactment
of appropriate laws to prevent littering, dumping
and operation of dumps and junk yards, and the
prohibiting of the stock piling of industrial
wastes along the shores and flood plains of our
rivers and streams,1 Governor Rhodes stated."
Further, in this regard, the Ohio Department
of Health plans to recommend to Governor Rhodes state-wide
legislation on solid wastes collection and disposal. Such
legislation would require the provision of adequate
approved solid wastes disposal facilities and the use of
such facilities by all persons, agencies and industries.
Item 16 -- maximum reduction of certain
Industrial waste constituents: The maximum reduction of
the polluting constituents listed in Item 16 are used as
the criteria for determining the adequacy or inadequacy of
waste treatment facilities reported in Item 22, Schedules
of Remedial Actions.
Items 17 and 18 -- sampling and reporting of
industrial waste discharges: The Ohio Department of Health
has demanded, for the past ten years or more, that industry
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G. Eagle
as well as municipalities and others Immediately report
spills that may seriously Impair stream quality, and further,
that immediate steps be taken to eliminate future spills.
This program is constantly stressed riot only by the Ohio
Water Pollution Control Board but also by the Ohio Division
of Wildlife. Ohio law requires polluters to pay for
aquatic life damages.
Ohio has required regular sampling and analysis
of major industrial discharges since the adoption of the
State Water Pollution Control Law in 1951. Such programs
are carried out reasonably well by industry. However,
present-day considerations have revealed shortcomings in
some of these programs, and more frequent sampling and more
extensive analyses are being required. Many industries
have already improved their programs; others are in the
process of doing so. It is expected that full conformity
with Item 17 will be attained in the next six months to a
year; it takes time for industry to obtain necessary staff
and to set up adequate laboratory facilities, and for State
personnel to give the consultation which is needed to work
out adequate sampling programs.
As to reporting, the vast majority of the
industries are regularly reporting to the Ohio Department
of Health their analytical results, and wnere the
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G. Eagle
Information can be obtained, they are reporting the flows
at the points where the samples were collected. A few
Industries have not been regularly submitting their
analytical and flow date to the State; however, they have
made such data available to us upon request.
The Ohio Department of Health has under way
a program for placing all waste water and stream data on
data processing. We expect to publish this data periodically,
at least once each year. All industries will be asked to
submit their date to us for inclusion in these published
reports. The reports will be made available to the public.
We do not anticipate any difficulties in this regard. We
expect to have this data processing program in full opera-
tion within the next year.
The Ohio Water Pollution Control Board has
cooperated with the Lake Erie Field Station of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration by furnishing them
all of the Lake Erie Basin municipal, county, industrial
and other analytical and flow data available in our files.
In accordance with Ohio law, industries in the Maumee
Basin were requested to give permission for release of their
data. Most industries readily gave such permission. A
few problems remain to be worked out. We hope to resolve
these in the near future. Requests to industries in the
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G. Eagle
other basins, for release of their data to the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, will be made by
the State as soon as staff time becomes available to do it.
We anticipate no major difficulties with industries in
releasing the necessary data to the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Administration.
It may be of interest to the conferees to know
that the major industries, municipalities and counties in
the Cuyahoga River Basin formed a committee about two
years ago known as the Cuyahoga River Water Quality
Committee.
The major functions of this committee are:
(l) To determine existing river quality; (2) to determine
the causes of changes in water quality; (3) to determine the
treatment or control requirements necessary to upgrade and
maintain water quality for all reasonable and legitimate
uses; and, (*J) to determine the cost of such requirements.
The committee is carrying on a very extensive
sampling program in the Cuyahoga River. Individual munici-
palities and industries are furnishing waste load data to
the committee. The committee expects to compile a report
in the near future which will be made available to all
interested agencies and persons. This committee is to be
commended for their interest and efforts.
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G. Eagle
Item IS, with regard to surveillance of
tributaries to Lake Erie: The State of Ohio, by contract
with the Water Quality Branch of the Geological Survey of
the United States Department of the Interior, has established
the following automatic monitoring stations:
Maumee River near Defiance — DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Auglaize River near Defiance -- DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Maumee River at Watervllle — DO, Conductivity.
Temperature, pH
Black River at Elyria -- DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Cuy.ahoga River at Independence -- DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Cuyahoga River at DuPont at Cleveland — Conductivity
Cuyahoga River at Center Street at Cleveland --
DO, Conductivity, Temperature, pH
During fiscal year 19^7> four parameter monitors
(DO, Conductivity, Temperature, and pH) will be installed
at four additional sites:
Grand River at Painesville
Sandusky River below Fremont
-------
220
G. Eagle
Maumee River at the mouth
Auglaize River below the Ottawa River at
Cascade Park
The cooperative program between Ohio and the
United States Geological Survey includes, in addition to
the monitoring stations, the operation of three daily
sampling stations — Sandusky River at Fremont, Black
River at Elyria, and Grand River at Palnesville. A complete
chemical analysis is made for the days of maximum and
minimum conductance each month and analyses for dissolved
oxygen, detergents, total phosphates, iron, and manganese
are made monthly. A thermograph record is obtained for
the Huron River at Milan.
In addition to the above, complete chemical
analyses are obtained annually during low stream flow for
about thirty (30) gauging stations on streams tributary
to Lake Erie.
Item 22 -- schedules of remedial actions:
The schedules of remedial actions in the Lake Erie Basin
have been developed on an individual municipality, county,
and industry basis by the Ohio Water Pollution Control
Board. Many of the major permittees were called before the
Board to explain in detail their programs and schedules for
compliance with the recommendations and conclusions of the
-------
221
G. Eagle
Lake Erie pollution conference; others were ordered by the
Board to submit their proposals for compliance in writing,
and the remainder of the permittees not in full compliance
were contacted by the Ohio Department of Health staff.
All permittees have either proposed or concurred in their
respective programs and schedules.
You will note from the Summary Status (Appendix
I) that a total of 180 municipalities and counties with
more than 3 million people, and 191 industries, are included
in this report. You will further note that about h^% of
the municipalities and counties with about 2.2 million
people and about 30^ of the industries listed, do not
fully comply with all of the treatment requirements set
forth in the recommendations and conclusions of the
conference.
These are considerably higher percentages with
respect to inadequacy than indicated in Ohio's report to
the conference in August 1965. This results, of course,
from the upgrading of requirements by the conferees.
As to municipalities and counties, the status
reports on municipalities and counties under this item
are based on treatment requirements only. As required by
Item 7, those not having secondary treatment for maximum
-------
222
G. Eagle
removal of BOD and phosphates are listed as inadequate,
while the municipalities and counties having complete
secondary treatment facilities of adequate capacity are
classified as adequate at this time (See Appendix II for
details ).
Of the 85 municipalities and counties having
inadequate treatment facilities,, the status with respect
to compliance is as follows:
(l) Studies, reports and general plans
under way 4l
(2) Detail plans and financing programs
under preparation 24
(3) Under construction in 1966 20
TOTAL 85
Estimated schedules for completion of construction
of required treatment facilities:
Completion in 1966 8
Completion in 196? 12
Completion in 1968 63
Completion in 1970-71 2_
TOTAL 85
The two treatment facilities scheduled for
-------
223
G. Eagle
completion In 1970 and 1971 are at Cleveland and Akron.
These existing secondary treatment facilities are being
considerably enlarged and improved. These projects are
planned, programmed and scheduled in detail by these two
cities.
Industries
According to Item 16 requiring the maximum
reductions of certain polluting constituents, 64 industrial
establishments do not fully comply at this time (See
Appendix II for details).
Of the 64 industries having inadequate treatment
or control facilities, the status with respect to compliance
is as follows:
(l) Studies, reports, proposals and/or
plans under, way 30
(2) Under construction in 1966 28
(3) Under construction in 1967 6
TOTAL 64
Estimated schedules for completion of construction
of required treatment or control facilities :
-------
224
G. Eagle
Completion in 1966 25
Completion in 1967 30
Completion in 1968 9
TOTAL 64
Conclusion
In conclusion, Ohio has accomplished much since
our meetings here in Cleveland and in Buffalo last August.
We have made real progress toward the goals outlined in the
conclusions and recommendations of those meetings. You may
be assured that Ohio is pursuing this program with all
possible diligence and will continue on this course until
all of the goals have been reached.
-------
APPENDIX I
SUMMARY STATUS
WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE BASIN
225
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-------
227
APPENDIX II
1. Municipal and County Waste Treatment Facilities
(Including Water Pollution Control Board Permit Letters)
2. Industrial Waste Treatment Facilities
(Including Water Pollution Control Board Permit Letters)
-------
STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT 228
FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
Treatment Facilities - Pr. - Primary
Int. " Intermediate
Sec. - Secondary
(EA = Extended Aeration
(AS = Activated Sludge Proc.
(TF = Trickling Filter
(San Filt = Sand Filters
Planning & Construction
RGP * Report & General Plan
DP » Detail Plans
UC * Under Construction
Sewerage
SSE * Sewer System Extension
SWEP = Storm Water Elimination Program
Treatment
WTPI - Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements
MTP = Maximize Treatment Process
S. D. = Sewer District of County
Type Sewer System
S = Separate
C = Combined
Status
A = Adequate
I - Inadequate
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231
Re: Lorain
Sewerage
November 10, 1965
Mayor and Council
City Hall
Lorain, Ohio
Gentlemen:
As a result of Board action November 9* 1965*
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the State" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires September
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
1. Submit a summary report on findings of
inspections and maintenance of intercepting
and overflow devices on the sewerage system.
2. Submit with application for renewal of permit
a report indicating any major sewer projects
completed or placed under construction during
the period of this permit.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works including the submission of regular
-------
232
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
4. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of
the Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed), with
special reference to Sections 7* 8, 9* and 10
concerning the means to maximize the reduction
of biochemical oxygen demand, phosphates, and
coliform concentrations.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above Orders, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 46?.14
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Mr. A, V. Agnew
cc: Health Commissioner
co: District Office.
-------
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-------
Re: Akron
Sewerage
November 10, 1965
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Akron, Ohio 44308
Gentlemen:
As a result of Board action November 9> 1965*
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires September
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
1. Complete detail plans, specifications, and
financing for Phase I of proposed improvements
to the wastewater treatment works and secure
approval thereof by the Ohio Department of
Health.
2. Place under construction Phase I of the pro-
posed improvements to the wastewater treatment
works.
3. Prepare detail plans and specifications and
submit means of financing Phase II of the
improvements program for the wastewater
-------
238
treatment works, and secure approval thereof
by the Ohio Department of Health.
4. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works Including the submission of regular
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
5. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of the
Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed), with
special reference to Sections 7* 8* 9* 10, emd
11 concerning the means to maximize the reduction
of biochemical oxygen demand, phosphates, and
coliform concentrations.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above Orders, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 541.14
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Dir. of Public Service
cc: Glaus, Pyle & Schomer
-------
239
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
Phase I - Addition of Aeration and Final Settling Facilities,
Blower Building and Miscellaneous Plant
Modifications.
Completion of Final Plans and Specifications -
December 1, 1965
Phase II - Addition of Preliminary (Grit Chambers and Screening
Equipment) and Primary Facilities (Primary Sedimenta-
tion Tanks and Preservation Tanks), Grease
Incineration.
Completion of Plans and Specifications -
October 1, 1966
Phase III - Sludge Disposal Modifications and Modifications to
Existing Secondary Facilities.
Completion of Plans and Specifications -
October 1, 1967.
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240
STATE OF OHIO
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Water Pollution Control Board
May 10, 1966
Re: Cleveland
Sewerage
Mayor and Council
City Hall
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Gentlemen:
As a result of Board action May 10, 1966,
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires April 15,
1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
General.
1. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of all existing sewage pump stations, waste-
water treatment works, and intercepting devices
of the city of Cleveland, including the sub-
mission of regular operating reports and annual
summaries as required by the Division of
Engineering, Ohio Department of Health.
-------
241
2. Submit a progress report prior to January 1,
1967* on the status of the Master Plan Study
of Pollution Abatement and the expected date
for completion.
Wastewater Treatment Works.
1. Southerly Works.
A. Continue construction on Contracts Nos. 130
(Imhoff Tank Conversion) and 131 (Elutriation
Tanks) and submit a status report of such.
B. Complete detail plans and specifications
and secure approval thereof by the Ohio Depart-
ment of Health for Contracts Nos. 134 (Primary
Treatment Improvements) and 135 (Secondary
Treatment Improvements) and place such under
construction.
C. Authorize the preparation of detail plans
and specifications for Additional Improvements
and Enlargements to existing facilities as
outlined in February 1966 Report on Southerly
Treatment Plant (references 11.4, 12.2, and
12.3).
2. Easterly Works.
Prepare and secure approval by the Ohio Depart-
ment of Health of detail plans for Construction
-------
242
Packages Nos. 1 and 2 in accordance with
February 1966 Plan for Improvements and
Enlargements of the Easterly Sewage Treatment
Plant (Part VIII, Table 6).
3. Westerly Works,
A. Complete Engineering Study and Report to
provide for secondary treatment facilities and
submit such prior to September 15, 1966, for
approval by the Ohio Department of Health.
B. Submit a schedule as to when detail plans
will be completed and construction will be
undertaken, in accordance with the conclusions
and recommendations of the above report.
Collection System.
1. Implement the "Improvements Recommended for
Immediate AGtion" set forth in Part V of the
Preliminary Survey of Water Pollution:
A. Proceed immediately with the preparation
of detail plans of (l) Heights Sanitary Trunk
Sewer (A-l), (2) Broadway Sanitary Irunk Sewer
(A-2), and (3) Southwest Suburban Sanitary
Trunk Sewer (A-3)* and submit a schedule for
completion of plans and for construction of
these trunk sewers.
-------
243
B. Item D regarding the rehabilitation and
repair of existing pumping stations and in
addition automatic telemetering equipment
for continued surveillance of operations of
the pumping stations.
C. Item C regarding gauging and sampling
stations.
D. Item E regarding sewer construction projects,
plans for which have been prepared; in addition
the establishment of priorities for construction
of such projects during 1966-1971.
2. Submit a report on other major sewer projects
completed, placed under construction, and
planned for construction.
Please note that the reports referred to above
should be submitted at times specified and that the application
for renewal of permit should be submitted by March 15, 1967.
Specific attention should be directed
to the real need for the City of Cleveland to provide monies
on a continuing basis so that construction, operation, and
maintenance can be provided to assure maximum abatement of
pollution in the least amount of time. Only with assured and
continued financing of this kind can the city be expected to
implement a program of pollution abatement which the Board can
consider satisfactory.
-------
244
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 468.13
Certified mail
cc: Director of Law
co: Commr. of Water Pollution Control
cc: Commr. of Engineering
cc : Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
-------
245
The recommended Immediate Improvement Program
contains the following items:
A - New Trunk Sanitary Sewers
A-l Heights Sanitary Trunk Sewer
Easterly
A-2 Broadway Sanitary Trunk Sewer
Southerly
A-3 Soutwest Suburban Sanitary
Trunk Sewer
Estimated
Project Cost
$10,100,000.00
2,600,000.00
7,800,000.00
20,500,000.00
B - Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements
C -
D -
B-l Easterly Treatment Plant
B-2 Southerly Treatment Plant
Completion of Improvements
B-3 Westerly Treatment Plant
(Under Study)
Gauging & Sampling Stations
Construction
Pump Station and Regulator
Better program underv.way
Repairs
$ 8,441,000.00
6,385,000.00
12,000,000.00
$ 25,826,000.00
$ 175,000.00
$ 350,000.00
-------
246
E - Sewer Construction, non-assessable
Div. Engineering & Construction -
Capital Improvement Program
1966-1971
3,000,000/yr for 6 yrs. $ 18,500,000.00
TOTAL $ 66,351,000.00
Trunk Sanitary Sewers
The City of Cleveland plans to propose to the
suburban communities that preliminary engineering and
design of the recommended New Trunk Sanitary Sewers be
started as soon as possible, and that the cost of this
engineering work which is estimated at $1,025,000 be included
in the new sewerage service contracts which are now being
negotiated. If agreement is reached, the City of Cleveland
would hire consulting engineers to proceed immediately with
the necessary preliminary engineering, survey and design
work. It is expected that while this engineering work
would be in progress, that the Master Plan for Pollution
Abatement would be completed and that this plan would contain
recommendations as to financing the actual construction of
the new Trunk Sanitary Sewers.
-------
24?
Re: Solon
Sewerage November 15» 1965
Mayor and Council
City of Solon
City Hall
6315 S.O.M. Center Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act
of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires November
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Place under construction the proposed sewerage
and wastewater treatment facilities for North
and Northeast Areas in accordance with approved
detail plans.
2. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works including the submission of regular
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
-------
248
3. Submit a status report with regard to completion
of sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities
for the North and Northeast Areas.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 563.7
Certified mail
cc: Burgess & Niple
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
-------
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251
Re: Huron
Sewerage December 15 > 1967
Mr. Dean E. Sheldon, Jr.
City Manager
City Hall
Huron, Ohio 44839
Dear Sir:
As a result of Board action December 14, 1965*
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires December 15,
196b. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
1. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works including the submission of regular
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
2. Place under construction sanitary sewerage in
the Huronic Beach, North Palm Beach and Oak
Point Areas in accordance with approved detail
plans.
-------
252
3. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of
the Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed), with
special reference to Sections J, Q, 9* 10* and
11 concerning the means to maximize the reduc-
tion of biochemical oxygen demand, phosphates,
and coliform concentrations.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above Orders, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 134.14
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Mayor and Council
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
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258
Re: Defiance
Sewerage November 10, 1965
Mayor and Council
City Hall
Third and Perry Streets
Defiance, Ohio 43512
Gentlemen:
As a result of Board action November 9, 1965,
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires September
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
1. Complete detail plans for proposed sanitary
sewers as outlined in supplemental report dated
September 13, 1965* and submit to the Ohio
Department of Health for approval.
2. Place under construction sanitary sewers
covered by Order No. 1.
3. Submit a report on progress made in elimination
of storm waters in sanitary sewers.
4. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater
-------
259
treatment works including the submission of
regular operating reports and annual summaries
as required by the Division of Engineering,
Ohio Department of Health.
5. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of the
Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed), with
special reference to Sections 1, 8, 9, 10, and
11 concerning the means to maximize the reduc-
tion of biochemical oxygen demand, phosphates,
and coliform concentrations.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above Orders, please notify us promptly.
Very truly yours,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 306.15
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Health Commissioner
cc : District Office
-------
260
Re Delphos
Sewerage January 17, 1966
Mayor and Council
City Building
East Second Street
Delphos, Ohio 45833
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act
of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires December
15* 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Adopt all legislation and take all legal steps
necessary to issue and sell bonds, notes, or
other securities and provide adequate funds
for the construction, operation, and maintenance
of the groposed sewerage improvements.
2. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works including the submission of regular
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
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261
3. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of
the Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed),
with special reference to Sections 7, 9, 10,
and 11 concerning maximum plant performance
and eliminating combined sewers.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. w. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 532.11
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Health Commissioner
cc : District Office
*****
Re: Saint Marys
Sewerage August 13, 1965
Mayor and Council
City Building
North Hickory Street
Saint Marys, Ohio
-------
262
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires August 15,
1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Prepare detail plans, specifications, and
estimates of cost of proposed wastewater
treatment plant improvements substantially
in accordance with the general plan approved
May 24, 1965, and secure approval thereof by
the Ohio Department of Health.
2. Investigate ways and means for financing the
construction of the proposed wastewater treat-
ment plant improvements; formulate a program
of financing and construction of the proposed
work and submit for approval.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treat-
ment works including the submission of regular
operating reports and amnual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
-------
263
4. Submit a proposed schedule for construction
of the wastewater treatment plant improvements.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 431.7
Certified mail
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
# * # #• #
Re: Toledo
Sewerage October 15* 1965
Mr. Prank H. Beckstrom
City Manager
310 Safety Building
Toledo, Ohio 43624
Dear Sir:
As a result of Board action October 14, 1965,
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage from
your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant to the
provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio.
-------
264
You will note that this permit expires July 15,
1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following Orders:
1. Complete the detail plans, specifications, and
financing for the sludge de-watering facilities
together with other proposed improvements to
the wastewater treatment works and secure
approval thereof by the Ohio Department of
Health.
2. Submit a report setting forth the capital
improvements, specifically regarding sanitary
sewerage projects placed under construction,
completed, or planned during the interim of
this permit.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
of the existing sewerage and wastewater treatment
works including the submission of regular
operating reports and annual summaries as
required by the Division of Engineering, Ohio
Department of Health.
4. Submit a report and general plan for compliance
with the Conclusions and Recommendations of the
Lake Erie Conference (copy enclosed), with
special reference to Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, and
-------
265
11 concerning the means to maximize the
reduction of biochemical oxygen demand,
phosphates, and coliform concentrations.
Referring to Order 2 above, it is apparent that
review and revision of the city's capital improvement program
is necessary in accordance with the Conclusions and Recommenda-
tions of the Lake Erie Conference. Attention is directed to
the need to place a higher priority on sewering the Reynolds
Road Area because of the Board's past findings concerning
serious conditions of pollution.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 105.16
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Mayor and Council
cc: Mr. James E. Frock
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
* * * * •*
Re: Van Wert
Sewerage January 17, 1966
-------
266
Mayor and Council
City Building
Van Wert, Ohio 45891
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
£ct of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires
November 15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent
upon compliance with the following conditions:
1. Provide satisfactory operation and main-
tenance of the existing sewerage and waste-
water treatment works including the sub-
mission of regular operating reports and
annual summaries as required by the
Division of Engineering, Ohio Department of
Health.
2. Submit a report and general plan for
compliance with the Conclusions and Recom-
mendations of the Lake Erie Conference (copy
enclosed), with special reference to Sections
7, 8, 10, and 11 concerning the means to
maximize the reduction of solids, biochemical
oxygen demand, phosphates, and coliform
-------
267
concentrations, together with eliminating
combined sewers.
3. Submit a proposal by April 15, 1966, for
placing the operation of the wastewater
treatment plant under the supervision of at
least a Class II operator.
A high degree of treatment for the receiving
stream may necessitate consideration being given to tertiary
treatment.
Should you have any questions with respect to
the above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. w. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 714.14
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Supt. Wastewater Treat. Plant
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
#******
Re: Northwood
Sewerage November 15, 1965
-------
268
Mayor and Council
Village of Northwood
3615 Oram Road
Toledo, Ohio ^3616
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires September
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon
compliance with the following conditions:
1. Submit a copy of agreement reached with
Toledo for acceptance of municipal wastes
from the westerly part of Northwood into
the Toledo sewer system.
2. Submit copies of the resolutions adopted
whereby Wood County assumes the responsi-
bility for preparing detail plans for
lateral sanitary sewers within Northwood,
together with an estimate of time for
completion of plans and construction of
sewers.
Should you have any questions with respect to
the above conditions, please notify us promptly.
-------
269
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 1846.3
Certified mail
cc: Finkbeiner, Pettis & Strout
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
*•#***
Before
THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH
STATE OF OHIO
In the Matter of the )
) Order to Show Cause - Case No. 94
Village of Ohio City, Ohio )
FINDING AND ORDER
The Board coming now to consider the evidence
and arguments presented in the hearing on this matter finds:
That due notice of this hearing has
been given to the respondent herein
pursuant to Section 6ll.06(C) and
119.07, Revised Code.
-------
270'
It is therefore
ORDERED, that this hearing be continued until
10:00 a.m., November 8, 1966, in the Conference Room of
the Ohio Department of Health, Room 155, ^50 Eilast Town
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
ORDERED, that the respondent herein, the
Village of Ohio City, Ohio, prepare and submit for approval
by the Ohio Department of Health detail plans and speci-
fications of proposed sewerage and wastewater treatment
works and substantially in accordance with approved general
plan.
ORDERED, that the respondent formulate a program
of financing and construction of the proposed project arid
submit for approval.
ORDERED, that the respondent submit June 1,
August 1, and November 1, 1966, reports of progress regarding
the preparation of plans and the formulation of a financing
program.
It is further
ORDERED, that a certified copy of this order be
served forthwith by certified mail upon the respondent
herein.
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
J. Gordon Peltier, Vice Chairman
-------
271
Fred E. Morr
Barton Holl
S. D. Bresler
Adopted April 12, 1966
at Columbus, Ohio
*****
Before
THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH
STATE OF OHIO
In the Matter of the ) Order to Show Cause - Case No. 76
Village of Pandora, Ohio ) (Continued)
FINDING AND ORDER
The Board coming now to consider the evidence
and arguments presented in the hearing on this matter finds
That due notice of this hearing has
been given to the respondent herein
pursuant to Sections 6111.06(C) and
119.07, Revised Code.
-------
272
It is therefore
ORDERED, that this hearing be continued until
10:00 a.m., E.S.T., August 9, 1966, in the Conference Room
of the Ohio Department of Health, Room 155, ^50 East Town
Street, Columbus, Ohio.
ORDERED, that the respondent herein,, the Village
of Pandora, Ohio, submit by August l, 1966, a summary report
indicating progress made with respect to (a) securing
approval by the Ohio Department of Health of detail plans
for necessary sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities,
(b) formulation of a financing program, and (c ) construction
of such facilities.
It is further
ORDERED, that a certified copy of this order be
served forthwith by certified mail upon the respondent herein,
E. w. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
J. Gordon Peltier, Vice Chairman
Robert W. Teater
Barton Holl
S. D Bresler
Adopted March 8, 1966,
at Columbus, Ohio.
-------
273
Re: Waterville
Sewerage February 15, 1966
Mayor and Council
Town Hall
16 North Second Street
Waterville, Ohio 43566
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires February
15> 1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon
compliance with the following conditions:
1. Prepare report and general plan for
necessary wastewater treatment plant
improvements and expansions and secure
approval thereof by the Ohio Department
of Health.
2. Provide satisfactory operation and
maintenance of the existing sewerage and
wastewater treatment works including the
submission of regular operating reports
and annual summaries as required by the
Division of Engineering, Ohio Department
-------
274
of Health.
3. Prior to June 15, 1966,, submit a schedule
for compliance with the Recommendations
and Conclusions of the Lake Erie Con-
ference (copy enclosed), with special
reference to Sections 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
concerning the means to maximize the
reduction of biochemical oxygen demand,
phosphates, and coliform concentrations.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E« W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc. -Permit 264.14
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc : Health Commissioner
cc : District Office
* * *
Re: West Unity
Sewerage
April 1, 1966
-------
275
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
West Unity, Ohio 43570
Gentlemen :
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires June 15,
1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Complete the report and general plan
for necessary sewerage and wastewater
treatment works and secure approval
thereof by the Ohio Department of Health.
2. Submit a report setting forth steps taken
to implement a financing program for
construction of sewerage and wastewater
treatment works.
Cognizance is taken of the change of consulting
engineers recently.
The permit is timed for completion of the first
step as set forth in the letter of March 10, 1966, by your
solicitor.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
-------
276
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very trulyj
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 24.16
Certified mail
cc: Village Solicitor
cc: Mr. Eugene C. Gerken, Engr.
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
* * * * *
Re: Whitehouse
Sewerage May 16, 1966
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Whitehouse, Ohio 43571
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires May 15,
1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
-------
277
with the following conditions:
1. Submit a report with respect to com-
pliance with the Conclusions and
Recommendations of the Lake Erie
Conference (copy enclosed), with special
reference to Sections 9, 10, and 11.
2. Submit a report with respect to progress
made regarding connection of those
residences or establishments not yet
tributary to the municipal sewerage system.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and main-
tenance of the existing sewerage and waste-
water treatment works including the sub-
mission of regular operating reports and
annual summaries as required by the
Division of Engineering, Ohio Department of
Health.
Prior to May 15, 1968, you will be expected to
comply with Regulation 452, Ohio Sanitary Code, by placing
your wastewater treatment plant under the responsible charge
of a full-time employee of the municipality who possesses
an operator's certificate appropriate for this Class I
plant, and to continue technical supervision until the
operator is properly certified.
Should you have any questions with respect to
-------
278
the above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 318.13
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Finkbeiner, Pettis & Strout
cc: Supt. Wa'stewater Treat. Plant
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
*****
-------
279
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281
Re: Bloomdale
Sewerage April 15, 1966
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Bloomdale, Ohio 4481?
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act
of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires February
15* 1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Complete a financing and construction schedule
for sewerage and wastewater treatment works
and submit for approval.
2. By February 15.» 196?> submit a schedule for
compliance with the Recommendations and Conclu-
sions of the Lake Erie Conference (copy
enclosed), with special reference to Sections
7-11* inclusive.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
-------
282
Enc.-Permit 234.16
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Village Solicitor
cc: Finkbeiner, Pettls & Strout
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
*******
Re: Elmore
Sewerage April 1, 1966
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Elmore, Ohio 43416
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act
of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires December
15* 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Complete the revised report and general plan
for necessary sewerage and wastewater treatment;
-------
283
facilities and secure approval thereof
by the Ohio Department of Health.
2. Authorize and direct the preparation of
detail plans and specifications of proposed
sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities
substantially in accordance with approved
revised general plan and secure approval
thereof by the Ohio Department of Health.
3. Complete the investigation of ways and means
for financing the construction of the proposed
sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities;
formulate a program of financing and construc-
tion of the proposed work: and submit for
approval.
Should you kave any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 289.16
Certified mail
cc: George W. Raike, Inc.
cc : Health Commissioner
oc: District Office
-------
Re: McComb
Sewerage April 15, 1966
Board of Public Affairs
Municipal Building
McComb, Ohio 45858
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act
of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires April 15,
1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Prepare detail plans anc! specifications for
proposed sewers and wastewater treatment plant
improvements in accordance with approved
general plan and secure approval thereof by
the Ohio Department of Health.
2. Complete the investigation of ways and means
for financing construction of the proposed
sewerage and wastewater treatment plant improve-
ments; formulate a program of financing and
construction of the proposed work and submit
for approval.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and maintenance
-------
285
of the existing sewerage and wastewater
treatment works including the submission of
regular operating reports and annual summaries
as required by the Division of Engineering,
Ohio Department of Health.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M. D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 130.13
Certified mail
cc: Mayor and Council
cc : Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
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288
Re: Lakewood
Sewerage November 10, 1965
Mayor and Council
City of Lakewood
12650 Detroit Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44107
Gentlemen:
As a result of Board action November 9, 1965,
enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of sewage
from your municipality into "waters of the state" pursuant
to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act of Ohio
You will note that this permit expires October
15, 1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon
compliance with the following Orders:
1. Submit a report and general plan for
compliance with the Conclusions and
Recommendations of the Lake Erie Conference
(copy enclosed), with special reference to
Sections 7* 8, 9, 10, and 11 concerning
the means to maximize the reduction of bio-
chemical oxygen demand, phosphates, and
coliform concentrations.
2. Provide satisfactory operation and main-
tenance of the existing sewerage and new
wastewater treatment works including the
-------
289
submission of regular operating reports
and annual summaries as required by the
Division of Engineering, Ohio Department
of Health.
Should you have any questions with respect to
the above Orders, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit lM.15
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc : Director of Public Works
cc: Frank L. Woodruff & Associates
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
* # # # *
Re: North Olmsted
Sewerage January 17, 1966
Mayor and Council
City Hall
North Olmsted, Ohio 44070
Gentlemen:
-------
290
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires January
15, 1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon com-
pliance with the following conditions:
1. Complete construction of sewerage in
accordance with approved plans.
2. Provide satisfactory operation and main-
tenance of the existing sewerage and waste-
water treatment works including the sub-
mission of regular operating reports and
annual summaries as required by the Division
of Engineering, Ohio Department of Health.
3. Submit a proposed schedule for construction
of sanitary sewerage to serve the remaining
unsewered portion of North Olmsted.
4. Prior to June I, 1966, submit a schedule
for compliance with the Conclusions and
Recommendations of the Lake Erie Conference
(copy enclosed), with special reference to
Sections 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 concerning the
means to maximize the reduction of bio-
chemical oxygen demand, phosphates and
-------
291
coliform concentrations.
Cognizance is taken that the wastewater treatment
plant is operated under an appropriately certified operator
in accordance with Regulation 452 of the Ohio Sanitary Code.
Should you have any questions with respect to
the above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 58.1?
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified mail
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
*****
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-------
293
Re: Tiffin
Sewerage April I, 1966
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Tiffin, Ohio 44883
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge of
sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires February
15, 1967. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon com-
pliance with the following conditions:
1. Complete the detail plans and specifica-
tions of proposed wastewater treatment
ment plant improvements substantially in
accordance with approved general plan and
secure approval thereof by the Ohio Depart-
ment of Health.
2. Place under construction the proposed waste-
water treatment plant improvements in
accordance with approved detail plans.
3. Provide satisfactory operation and main-
tenance of the existing sewerage and waste-
water treatment works including the submission
-------
294
of regular operating reports and annual
summaries as required by the Division of
Engineering, Ohio Department of Health.
4. Prior to June 15, 1966, submit a schedule
for compliance with the Recommendations and
Conclusions of the Lake Erie Conference
(copy enclosed), with appropriate considera-
tion to Sections 7 through 11, inclusive.
Should you have any questions with respect to
the above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
E. W. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 313.17
-Recom. & Concl.
Certified Mail
cc : Safety-Service Director
cc: F. G. Browne & Associates
cc : Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
-------
295
Re: Attica
Sewerage February 15, 1966
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Attica, Ohio 4480?
Gentlemen:
Enclosed is renewal permit for the discharge
of sewage from your municipality into "waters of the state"
pursuant to the provisions of the Water Pollution Control
Act of Ohio.
You will note that this permit expires June 15,
1966. Renewal of this permit is contingent upon compliance
with the following conditions:
1. Complete negotiations with industry and
determine the tributary loads so that the
design of the necessary sewerage and waste-
water treatment facilities can be completed
without delay.
2. Complete the report and general plan for
necessary sewerage and wastewater treatment
facilities in accordance with determinations
of Condition 1.
Should you have any questions with respect to the
above conditions, please notify us promptly.
Yours very truly,
-------
296
E. w. Arnold, M.D., Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Enc.-Permit 45.15
Certified mail
cc: Village Solicitor
cc: Jones, Henry & Williams
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
**#***
STATE OP OHIO
DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
NOTICE OP VIOLATION
Mayor and Council
Municipal Building
Bloomville, Ohio 448l8 January 14, 1966
You are hereby notified, pursuant to Section
6111.06 (A) Revised Code, that it appears to the Water
Pollution Control Board you are in violation of the pro-
visions of the Water Pollution Control Act in that:
1. You are causing pollution of the waters
of the State of Ohio without a valid
-------
297
and unexpired permit, or renewal thereof,
to do so. This constitutes a violation
of Section 6111.04 Revised Code.
2. You have failed to indicate progress made
with respect to the preparation of detail
plans for necessary sewerage and wastewater
treatment facilities.
Unless the matters above stated be corrected
within a period of sixty days from the date of this notice,
or unless you shall request a hearing en said matters within
thirty days of the date of this notice, the Board at the
end of the sixty-day period will make and issue an order,
finding you in violation of the Act, and requesting the
Attorney General to prosecute the violation.
The above results from Board action taken January
11, 1966.
E. W. Arnold, M.D., ^Chairman
Water Pollution Control Board
Certified mail
cc : Attorney General
cc: Mr. Warren G. Wolf
cc: Alfred LePeber & Assocs.
cc: Health Commissioner
cc: District Office
-------
298
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