A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF

         RESOURCE RECOVERY ACTIVITIES
    This publication (SW- 143 was written
for the Federal solid waste management programs
             by RICHARD E. HOPPER
     U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                 January  1975

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS







                                                            Page




Introduction 	   1




Detailed Status of Recovery System Implementation 	   2




Detailed Status of State Resource Recovery Activities 	   3




Activity Reports - Cities 	 	   4




     Akron, Ohio	   4




     Albany, New York 	   5




     Ames, Iowa 	   6




     Baltimore, Maryland 	   7




     Braintree, Massachusetts 	   9




     Bridgeport, Connecticut 	  10




     Charleston, West Virginia 	  11




     Chicago, Illinois 	  12




     Cleveland, Ohio	  13




     Dade County, Florida	  14




     Denver, Colorado 	  15




     East Bridgewater, Massachusetts 	  16




     Franklin, Ohio	  17




     Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey 	  18




     Hempstead, New York 	  19




     Honolulu, Hawaii 	,	  20




     Housatonic Valley, Connecticut  	  21




     Houston, Texas 	 	  22




     Knoxville, Tennessee 	  23




     Lane County, Oregon	  24
                                   11

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                                                            Page




Lexington, Kentucky 	 25




Lowell, Massachusetts	 26




Madison, Wisconsin 	 27




Memphis, Tennessee 	 28




Milwaukee, Wisconsin 	 29




Minneapolis, Minnesota 	 30




Monroe County, New York 	 31




Montgomery County, Maryland 	 32




Montgomery County (Dayton), Ohio 	 33




Mt. Vernon, New York 	 34




Nashville, Tennessee 	 35




New Britain, Connecticut  	 36




New Orleans, Louisiana 	 37




New York, New York 	 38




Onondaga County, New York 	 39




Palmer Township, Pennsylvania 	 41




San Diego County, California 	 42




Saugus, Massachusetts 	 43




Seattle, Washington 	 44




St. Louis, Missouri 	 45




Tennessee Valley Authority 	'.	 46




Washington, D.C	 48




Westchester County,  New York 	 49




Wilmington, Delaware 	 50
                             iii

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                                                             Page
Activity Reports - States 	  51

     California	  51

     Connecticut 	  53

     Florida	  55

     Hawaii 	  57

     Illinois 	  58

     Maryland	  59

     Massachusetts 	  60

     Michigan	  61

     Minnesota 	  62

     New York	  63

     Ohio	  64

     Pennsylvania 	 	  65

     Rhode Island 	  66

     Tennessee 	  68

     Vermont 	  69

     Washington 	  70

     Wisconsin 	  71

Appendix I...Communities Recovering Only Ferrous Metal .....  73

Appendix II..Abbreviations Used In Report 	  74
                                     IV

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                      INTRODUCTION
     This is a compilation of State and local resource recovery
projects.  Its purpose is to facilitate the exchange of informa-
tion about systems and methods for implementing resource recovery
at both the State and local levels of government.

     The survey included a review of published and unpublished
literature, telephone and letter contacts, and selected site visits
by EPA contacts assigned to monitor the activity of individual
States or communities as indicated in the report.  This report
represents a summary of information acquired through this monitor-
ing activity as of January, 1975.

     Abbreviations used throughout the report will be found in
the appendix along with an additional list of communities recover-
ing only ferrous metal.

     The information is presented as received and in many cases
has not been analyzed for accuracy or completeness.  In addition,
some important resource recovery projects may not be included due
to a lack of information.  Therefore, if you would like to suggest
corrections or additions, please write to the survey's project
director:  Richard E. Hopper (AW-563), Resource Recovery Division,
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, telephone (202) 254-7848.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:


  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Akron, Ohio

Harry Butler

James A. Alkire, Director
Department of Planning and Urban Renewal
400 Municipal Building
166 S. High Street
Akron, Ohio 44308
(216) 375-2771

Waterwall incineration.

1000 (with possible expansion to 1400
tons per day)

$18 million.

Municipal revenue bonds.

Glaus, Pyle, Schomer, Burns and DeHaven
(System Designer)
Project Status

  City is in the final stages of system design.  City plans to go out for
  bids for facility construction in the near future.

  When completed, the project will supply steam to the City's central
  business district's heating system and to B.F. Goodrich.  There is
  also the possibility that an additional steam market will be found
  with the University of Akron.  If this materializes, the system's
  throughput will be increased to 1400 tons per day.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:


  CONTRACTOR:
Albany, New York

Harry Butler

Patrick Mahoney
President, Smith & Mahoney
40 Steuben Street
Albany, New York 12207
(518) 463-4107

Shredded waste as a fuel.

600

$6 million.

50 percent - State grant.
50 percent - General obligation bonds.

Design - Smith & Mahoney
Construction and operation - not yet selected.
Project Status

  City is seeking New York State grant for a 600 ton per day (one shift)
  shredded fuel preparation system (shred, magnetic separation, air classifi-
  cation) ,  which will be constructed at their existing landfill site.  Fuel
  will be trucked into downtown Albany (18 miles)  where after storage it will
  be burned in a faciltiy designed after the Hamilton, Ontario waterwall
  incinerator.  The boiler will be owned and operated by the State Office of
  General Services and will represent an expansion of present facilities,
  which was required due to the construction of a new complex of State
  buildings.

  The City will own the processing facility, but intends to have a contractor
  construct and operate the site.  The City has completed a preliminary
  engineering concept report for review by the State Department of Environ-
  mental Conservation and the Office of General Services.  Plans call for
  submission of bid documents in the Spring or Summer of 1975 with construction
  starting at the end of the year.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:


  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OP FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Ames, Iowa

Robert Holloway

J.R. Castner
City Hall
5th and Kellog Streets
Ames, Iowa
(515) 232-7479

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel for a
city owned power plant.

200

$5.5 million.

Municipal revenue bonds.

Gibbs, Hill, Durham and Richardson, Inc.
Consulting Engineers
Project Status

  Three small boilers (60 mw total) are to be modified to burn waste fuel.
  One unit is a tangentially-fired boiler; the other two are stokers.
  Supplementary waste fuel will be pneumatically fired onto the grates
  of the stoker fired units.  One unit has an electrostatic precipitator;
  the other two have dry cyclones for emission control.  The power plant
  has received a permit from the air pollution control authorities to
  operate experimentally.  A $3.2 million construction contract was signed
  in Spring 1974, with construction scheduled to be completed by July 1, 1975.
  Construction was 40 percent complete as of November, 1974.  In addition to
  processing waste for use as a supplementary fuel and ferrous metal recovery,
  aluminum will be recovered by an electromagnetic process and glass-rich
  screenings will be used as an aggregate for asphalt manufacture.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT


Project Description

  LOCATION:                         Baltimore, Maryland

  EPA CONTACT:                      David Sussman

  PROJECT CONTACT:                  Elliot Zulver
                                    Project Director
                                    Pyrolysis Plant
                                    1801 Annapolis Road
                                    Baltimore, Maryland 21330
                                    (301) 396-3499

  PROJECT TYPE:                     Pyrolysis

  TONS/DAY:                         1000

  CAPITAL COST:                     $16 million.

  METHOD OF FINANCING:              EPA grant - $6 million.
                                    State loan -  $4 million.
                                    City funds -  $6 million.

  CONTRACTOR:                       Monsanto Enviro-Chem Systems,  Inc.

Project Status

  Baltimore will own and operate a 1,000 ton per  day solid waste
  pyrolysis plant developed by Monsanto Enviro-Chem Systems,  Inc.
  The LANDGARD system will be designed and constructed by Monsanto
  under a turnkey contract with moneyback performance guarantee
  provisions.  Monsanto is guaranteeing plant availability at 85
  percent, particulate emissions to meet local and Federal standards,
  and the residue putrescible content to be less  than 0.2 percent.

  The plant is being designed to handle mixed municipal solid waste,
  including tires and white goods.  All incoming  waste will be shredded
  to a 4-inch particle size and then conveyed to  a rotary pyrolysis
  kiln.

  The pyrolysis gases leave the kiln and will then be combusted in
  an afterburner.  The hot afterburner exhaust gases will pass
  through waste heat boilers that generate 200,000 pounds of
  steam per hour for sale to the Baltimore Gas and Electric
  Company.  The steam will be used for downtown heating and
  cooling.  Boiler exhaust gases will be scrubbed, dehumidified,
  and released to the atmosphere.

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Baltimore, Maryland
(continued)
  Construction is complete and the plant is now in a shake-down phase.

  The pyrolysis residue will be water quenched and ferrous metals
  will be separated.  Water flotation and screening processes will
  separate the char residue, which must be landfilled (16 tons,
  with 50 percent moisture, for every 100 tons of solid waste input),
  from a glassy aggregate fraction, which will be used as aggregate
  for city asphalt concrete street construction.

  For additional information, see:  Baltimore Demonstrates Gas
  Pyrolysis (SW-75d.i), David B. Sussman, U.S. Environmental
  Protection Agency, 1974.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Braintree, Massachusetts

Steven Levy

John Griffith, Superintendant
Braintree Thermal Waste Reduction Center
Ivory Street
Braintree, Massachusetts 02184
(617) 843-6209

Waterwall incineration.

240

$2.5 million.

General obligation bonds.

Designed by Camp, Dresser and McKee.
Project Status

  Plant has been operational since 1971, but until recently no steam was being
  sold.  Community is now developing a market for steam.  Recently, however,
  Braintree has begun to sell steam to the Weymouth Art and Leather Company
  (20,000 - 25,000 Ibs./hr. or 400,000 Ibs./day)  and is also negotiating
  with Michigan Abrasives, Inc. for an equal supply of steam.  Initially,
  the plant's net operating costs were $30/ton, but today the plant's net
  operating costs are $5/ton.  The plant is presently processing 150-175
  tons of waste per day on a 3 shift, 5 day per week basis.

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:



  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Bridgeport, Connecticut

Robert Randol

Richard P. Chase
CRRA; Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority
60 Washington Street
Suite 1305
Hartford, Connecticut 06106
(203) 549-6390

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel;
materials recovery.

1800

$29 million.

Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority

Garrett Research and Development
Project Status

  The system will process eighteea hundred tons of solid waste a day.
  The dry shredded fuel fraction will be sold to United Illuminating,
  a subsidiary of Northeast Utilities.  United Illuminating is a new
  market for the fuel.   Previously Connecticut Light and Power had been
  the designated user.   Groundbreaking ceremonies were held on December 10,
  1974.

  As of  February 1", 1975 s. final contract between The Connecticut Resources
  Recovery Authority and Garrett Research and Development had not been
  signed.   However, a letter of intent to design, construct and operate a
  system was signed in September, 1974.   Delays in the signing of the  final
  contract stem from the reluctance of the contracting parties to assume
  different levels of risk.

  Bridgeport will be the first system built in Connecticut.  The interlocal
  agreement for delivery of solid waste (negotiated between CRRA and the
  communities) and the system's construction and operation contract
  (negotiated between CRRA and Garrett)  will serve as models for future
  implementations.
                                   10

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Charleston, West Virginia

Steven Levy

Thomas Donnegan
Union Carbide
270 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10017
(212) 551-4267

Gas pyrolysis.

200

Unknown

Privately financed by Union Carbide.

Union Carbide
Project Status

  This is a private test facility being used to determine scale-up
  parameters and verify the technology and its economics.

  Process uses oxygen in lower part of combustion chamber to produce
  a 300 BTU per standard cubic foot gas.

  The pilot plant is presently being modified to process shredded
  solid waste as opposed to unprepared solid waste.
                                   11

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Chicago, Illinois

Robert Holloway

James E. Condon
Department of Streets and Sanitation
Bureau of Sanitation
Room 207, City Hall
Chicago, Illinois 60602
(312) 744-5038

Waste as a supplementary fuel.

1000

$16 million.

General obligation bonds.

Ralph M. Parsons, Inc.
Consulting Engineers and
Consoer, Townsend and Associates
Project Status

  Supplementary fuel will be pneumatically transported from the processing
  plant to the adjacent Commonwealth Edison Crawford Power Station.   The
  system is now under construction, with the foundations presently being
  poured.  All foundation work should be completed by March.  Total
  construction is scheduled to be completed by January, 1976, when
  the start-up phase will begin.
                                 12

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:



  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
 Cleveland,  Ohio

 David Sussman

 Richard Labus
 Commissioner  of  Utility Engineering
 1201  Lakeside Avenue
 Cleveland,  Ohio  44114
 (216)  694-2000

 Not selected  at  this time,  but output must
 be high temperature and pressure steam for
 city  owned  electric utility.

 1500
N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  RFP for energy recovery system has been sent out.  Bids will be accepted
  on February 5, 1975.  City has requested bids for a 1500 ton per day
  plant as the minimum size with bids for larger plants of 1800 tons per
  day and 3000 tons per day also to be considered.  Pre-bid conference
  was held in November.
                                   13

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
                               Dade County, Florida

                               Robert Randol

                               Christopher Tyson
                               Public Works Department
                               Metropolitan Dade County
                               Brickell Plaza
                               909 Southeast First Avenue
                               Miami, Florida 33131
                               (305)  358-2700

                               Energy Recovery

                               300

                               N/A

                               Pollution control revenue bonds.

                               N/A
Project Status

  Dade County received 10 responses from a recent RFP.  Five respondees
  proposed systems that would generate electricity on-site; two respondees
  proposed systems for processing waste as a dry shredded fuel; one proposed
  a pyrolysis system; one proposed a system for paper separation; and one
  proposed baling and a landfill.  Costs for the systems (excluding baling)
  ranged between $35 million and $100 million.  Corporations that responded
  were:
                           Baling and a landfill
                           Generate electricity
                           Generate electricity
Waste Management
Black Clawson
Clean Air
Titan Environmental
  Services
Universal Oil
  Products
Wheelabrator-Frye
American Can
  (Using Purox System)
CEA                -  Dry fuel
Research Cottrell  -  Dry fuel
Read/Grumman       -  Paper separation
                           Generate electricity
                           Generate electricity
                           Generate electricity
                           Pyrolysis
                                   14

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING;

  CONTRACTOR:
Denver, Colorado

Richard E. Hopper

Alan L. Foster, Environmental Planner
Denver Regional Council of Governments
1776 South Jackson Street, #200
Denver, Colorado 80210

Development of regional plan.

N/A

Estimated for 1985 - $73 million.

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  In August of 1972 the Denver Regional Council of Governments completed
  its Project Reuse report which recommended the establishment of a single
  resource recovery center to handle all the solid waste in the five county
  area of metropolitan Denver.  When fully operational in 1985, the facility
  was projected to cost $73 million and process between 600-1200 tons per
  day of solid waste with only 14 percent of the input going to landfill as
  residue.  While not yet implemented, the Denver Regional Council of Govern-
  ments has maintained its commitment to resource recovery and has recently
  formed a new task force to assess the possibility of institutional options
  for establishing a regional resource recovery center.
                                  15

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
East Bridgewater, Massachusetts

Robert Holloway

John Reilly
CEA (Combustion Equipment Associates, Inc.)
555 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
(212)  980-3700

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel.

600 (Two shifts)
Private capital.

CEA
Project Status

  Plant shakedown started Winter, 1973-74.  Shakedown is continuing thru
  Summer, 1974.  No fuel product has been sold because no coal boilers
  are nearby.  Plant is not operating except for experimentation because
  there is no market for the product.

  In addition, CEA is basing future contracts on Eco-Fuel II, a chemically
  treated, pulverized solid fuel derived from waste.  The East Bridgewater
  plant was designed to produce Eco-Fuel I, the feed material to an
  Eco-Fuel II system.  The East Bridgewater plant is to be modified
  in the future to produce Eco-Fuel II.

  CEA plans Eco-Fuel II trial firings with fuel produced from a pilot
  plant at Weyerhaeuser Corp. (close to Brockton) and at Public Services
  Gas and Electric, Elizabeth, New Jersey.
                                   16

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
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  TONS/DAY:


  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING;
  CONTRACTOR:
Franklin, Ohio

Yvonne Garbe

B. Eichholtz, City Manager
City of Franklin
P.O. Box 132
Franklin, Ohio 45005

Municipal solid waste is wet pulped and
segregated into sorted glass, ferrous
metal, aluminum, and fibers for recovery.

Currently - 50 tons per day (one shift)
(capacity 150 tons per day/24 hour shift)

$3.177 million.

Federal share - $2.177 million.
Franklin      -  0.5   million.
GCMI          -  0.15  million.
Black Clawson -  0.2   million.

Black Clawson Co.
Glass Container Manufacturer Institute
Project Status

  Completed - 6/71.  The total system is actually comprised of three subsystems
  for solid waste disposal, fiber recovery, and glass recovery respectively.
  In the system, a hydrapulper wet pulps the refuse, while a magnetic separator
  recovers the ferrous metals portion, a liquid cyclone extracts other heavy
  elements such as glass, and the remaining fiber is then cleaned and dewatered
  in the fiber recovery system.  Rejected material is piped to the fluidized
  bed incinerator for disposal.  The fiber is being sold to Logan Long
  Company for $45/ton while the ferrous metal is being sold to Gillerman
  Steel Corporation in St. Louis for $25/ton.

  For additional information, see:  The Franklin, Ohio, Demonstration Report
  (SW- 47d), David G. Arella, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1974.
                                    17

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY :

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey

Robert Holloway

George Casino
Chief Engineer
Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission
1099 Wall Street, West
Lyndhurst, New Jersey 07071
(201) 935-3250

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  HMDC received 8 proposals in Fall 1973 as result of RFP.   HMDC
  asked Stevens Institute and Fairleigh Dickinson University to
  review proposals.  CEA was recommended.

  No action was taken because of change in State administration.

  HMDC has now contracted with First Boston Corporation, Sullivan &
  Cromwell, and Hawkins, Delafield & Wood to pursue negotiations with
  several of the original bidders to implement a fuel system.

  Public Service Electric and Gas has expressed interest in waste fuel.
  PSEG signed a contract in August  1974 with CEA to burn 200 tons per
  day of Eco-Fuel II on a trial basis.  CEA hopes to start preliminary
  tests with pellets within 2 months at PSEG and Weyerhaeuser (near
  CEA's East Bridgewater plant).  Eco-Fuel II for the early burns will
  be produced by the pilot plant.  Additional PSEG tests will be run
  in 1-2 years with fuel produced from a plant to be built in New Jersey.
                                   18

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  CONTRACTOR:


Project Status
Hempstead, New York

Alan Shilepsky

William Landman
Commissioner of Sanitation
1600 Merrick Road
Merrick, New York 11566
(516) 378-4210

Wet-pulping of waste for materials and
energy recovery.

2000

$55 million.

Exact form is undetermined until a contract
is signed, but will probably be corporate
revenue bonds.

Hempstead Resource Recovery Corp.
(a subsidiary of Black Clawson Co.)
  A contract was signed on December 12,  1974 between Hempstead and
  Hempstead Resource Recovery Corporation, a subsidiary of Black
  Clawson Corporation.  The contract stipulates that the City
  "put or pay" to the recovery system at least 6000 tons of
  solid waste per week.  The contract also requires the corporation
  to be capable of processing 11,000 tons per week with a maximum
  of 3 percent residue by volume.   The system will recover ferrous,
  aluminum and glass (if economically feasible) and produce electricity.
  Revenues will be shared between the corporation and the City.  Dump
  serve fees, depending on tonnages, will range between $14.05 to
  $12.37 per ton.
                                   19

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Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Honolulu, Hawaii

Robert Randol

Kazu Hayashida
Chief, Public Works Department
City and County of Honolulu
Honolulu, Hawaii
(808) 546-7514

Feasibility study for energy recovery.

2000

N/A

City - $50,000  Amfac Corporation - $50,000

Sunn, Low, Tom & Kara Engineering Consultants
Project Status

  The City and County of Honolulu,  Amfac Corporation,  and the Hawaiian
  Electric Company have jointly funded a feasibility study to investi-
  gate the possibility of utilizing mixed refuse and cane trash for the
  generation of power.  Amfac Corporation is one of Hawaii's largest private
  corporations and a major sugar cane grower.  The above study was completed
  in December and concluded that the proposed system was both technologically
  feasible and economically viable, and outlined steps for its implementation.
                                    20

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  CONTRACTOR:
Housatonic Valley, Connecticut

Robert Randol

Robert Schulz
The Fourth Sink Management Group, Inc.
P.O. Box 75
Kattskill Bay, New York 12844
(518) 656-9253

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel;
materials recovery.

1500

$35 million.

CRRA funding requested (See State of Conn.)

CEA  (Combustion Equipment Associates, Inc.)
Project Status

  Twenty two million dollar processing plant to be located in Newtown, Conn.
  to prepare Eco-Fuel II.   Fuel will be shipped by rail to the Pierce Power
  Plant in Wallingford, Conn., where a $10 million high-pressure steam generating
  facility will be designed and constructed by CEA.

  CRRA limited to $100 million funding through FY75.  Therefore, with funding
  of New Britain and Bridgeport, CRRA cannot now fund entire Housatonic project.
  CRRA likely to fund just transfer station portion, with landfilling of waste
  until authority extended.
                                     21

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Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Hous ton, Texas

David Sussman

John Barineau, III
Browning-Ferris Industries
P.O. Box 3151
Houston, Texas 77001
(713) 790-1611

Paper and ferrous recovery system.

400

Not known.

Industry owned.

Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI)
Project Status

  BFI operates the resource recovery system that processes a portion of
  Houston's solid waste.  The plant consists of a hand picking station,
  a shredder, and a magnetic separator.  Newspaper can be hand picked
  from both sides of the conveyor that feeds the shredder.  The paper is
  picked only when market conditions make hand picking profitable.  The
  ferrous material is sold to a local scrap dealer.  The residual milled
  solid waste is landfilled.  BFI also uses the facility to test air
  classification.
                                   22

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Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Knoxville, Tennessee

Robert Randol

Kyle Testerman, Mayor
City Hall
Knoxvi11e, Tenne s se e
(615) 639-0101

Torrax type system to produce combustible
gas or pelletized solid waste fuel.

2000 (if combined with Chattanooga)

N/A

TVA would own, operate and finance.

N/A
Project Status

  Knoxville is participating in a tripartite study with TVA and Torrax
  to examine the feasibility of using a Torrax type system to produce
  a combustible gas which would be fired into the furnaces at the Watts
  Bar power plant.

  TVA would like Knoxville to be its lead city in the implementation of
  TVA's master solid waste plan.  TVA would like to finance, construct
  and operate a resource recovery system for the city.
                                   23

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:


  CONTRACTOR:
Lane County, Oregon

Steven Levy

Bruce Bailey
Solid Waste Division
County Annex Building
135 East 6th Avenue
Eugene, Oregon 97401
(503) 687-4119

Solid waste as a fuel in an existing,
municipally-owned steam boiler.
Boiler currently uses wood waste
to produce steam for a district
heating system.

600-1000

$1.4 million.

General obligation bonds-already have
voter approval for up to $3.5 million.

Preliminary design-Wilsey and Ham.
Plant will be contracted out as a
total system for construction/engineering.
Project Status

  No decision has been made yet to implement the system.  The Eugene
  Water and Electric Board is very much in favor of the system and
  is currently considering what type of modifications would be best.
  Options include upgrading an existing boiler, adding a new boiler
  to the existing plant, or building an entirely new plant.  Burn
  tests using shredded solid waste were conducted in July and October,
  1974.
                                    24

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Project Description

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Lexington, Kentucky

Richard E. Hopper

Mr. William Hoskins
City Commissioner
City Hall
Walnut Street
Lexington, Kentucky 40503
(606) 255-5631

Waterwall incineration to produce
steam for district heating.

1000

$15.5 million.

Municipal revenue bonds.

Proctor-Davis & Ray Consulting Engineers
Project status

  The City completed a $50,000 feasibility study in early 1974, and
  is now finalizing a $110,000 design study.  The City expects to
  solicit bids for construction in early 1975.  Initially, three
  potential steam markets were considered:  (1)  the downtown area;
  (2) the campus of the University of Kentucky;  and (3)  the city's
  industrial park.  The decision was finally made to locate adjacent
  to the industrial park so as to maintain a continuous load on the
  plant and thus achieve a greater plant efficiency.  Thus far, the
  City has received eight letters of intent from industry located
  within the industrial park to purchase steam.   Initially, it is
  expected that the plant will handle 660 tons per day with a
  throughput of 1000 tons per day as more markets are obtained.
                                 25

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  CONTRACTOR:
Lowell, Massachusetts

Yvonne Garbe

Paul Sheehy, City Manager
City Hall
Lowell, Massachusetts
(617) 454-8821

Standard mineral benefication techniques
to separate and recover various metals and
glass from incinerator residue.

250

$3.177 million.

Federal share - $2.384 million.
Lowell        -  0.178 million.
State         -  0.615 million.

Raytheon Service Co.
R. Schroeder, Project Manager
Burlington, Massachusetts
Project Status

  Design and contract preparations completed.  When completed,
  incinerator residue from Lowell and several neighboring
  communities will be processed in the facility.  Using a
  series of screens, shredders, classifiers and other ore
  benefication equipment the plant will extract more than
  40,000 tons of products from the incinerator residue
  annually, resulting in revenues exceeding $1.5 million
  annually.
  Construction should begin in Spring
  to be completed by Spring  1976.
   1975 and is projected
                                  26

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Madison, Wisconsin

Alan  Shilepsky

James Retzlaff
Engineering  Department
City-County  Building
Madison, Wisconsin
 (608)  266-4091

Shredded and classified wastes  for
energy recovery  in Madison Gas  and
Electric boilers.  Ferrous recovery
currently underway.

200

Under study—approximately $3.5 million.

Probably general obligation bonds.

Undecided.
Project Status

 Madison  currently has  a  shredding  and  landfilling  operation which was
 initiated under an EPA grant in  1966.  The  city, at  the suggestion  of
 Madison  Gas  and Electric,  entered  into a joint study with  the utility
 to investigate the expansion of  current activities to include the use
 of shredded  fuel in  the  utility's  boilers.  Horner & Shifrin, Inc.,
 was  contracted to do the necessary feasibility study.

 On the basis of the  study, Madison's mayor  is having a resolution to build
 a new resource recovery  plant prepared for  the City  Council's considera-
 tion.  The question  of public versus private operation has not been
 decided  yet, though  the  city will  own  the land and building in any  case.

 The  probable design  will include primary shredding,  secondary shredding,
 and  then air classification.  Madison  Gas and Electric will utilize
 two  out  of its eight boilers for shredded fuel, converted  at an  approximate
 cost of  $750,000.
                                   27

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Memphis, Tennessee

Robert Randol

Frank Palumbo
City Engineer
City of Memphis
City Hall
125 North Main Street
Memphis, Tennessee 38103
(901) 528-3131

Pulped fuel.

600

$10 million.
Leonard S. Wegman Co., Consulting
Engineers
Project Status

  Leonard S. Wegman Company has been selected to evaluate the feasibility
  of a 600 ton per day resource recovery system in which the solid waste
  will be reduced to a pulp which will be mixed with sewage sludge.  This
  slurry will be pumped 6 miles by pipeline to a drying facility adjacent
  to the Tennessee Valley Authority's Allan Power Plant.  The slurry will
  be dried in an incinerator which is fueled with a flammable industrial
  waste.  The resultant fluff will be transported pneumatically to the
  Allan Plant where it will be burned as a supplementary fuel.
                                    28

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  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Alan Shilepsky

Donald Roethig
Deputy Commissioner of Public Works
Room 516, Municipal Building
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(414) 278-3302

Shredded and classified fuel facility with
ferrous metal and corrugated paper recovery.

1000

$17 million.

Public improvement bonds.

Negotiating with Americology.
Project Status

  Contracts between the City and Americology, and between Americology
  and the Wisconsin Electric Power Company, were signed on January
  16, 1975.

  As a result of new State legislation, the new State authority may
  eventually take over the Milwaukee plant and integrate it into
  a state-wide system.
                                   29

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Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Minneapolis - Saint Paul, Minnesota

Alan Shilepsky

Maurice Dorton, Director of Governmental
  Programs
Metropolitan Sewer Board
350 Metro Square Building
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101
(612) 222-8423

Pyrolysis unit to dispose of sewage
sludge and to generate activated char
and fuels for other Sewer Board uses.

360

$15 million.

Primarily Federal construction grant funds.

Rust Engineering.
Project Status

  This project is in the design stage, and grew out of the Twin Cities'
  Metropolitan Sewer Board's need to dispose of the sludge coming out of
  their water treatment system.  Their plan is to pyrolyze approximately
  100 wet tons of sludge and 360 tons of solid waste daily into gas and
  oil for use in other parts of the system.  This will reduce the Board's
  fuel costs, which currently run about $1 million a year.  Other hoped
  for benefits are activated carbon from the pyrolysis char, also to be
  used internally in Sewer Board operations, and revenues from the sale
  of front-end, manually separated steel, aluminum and glass.  The system
  under design will handle only 15 percent of their sludge as they want
  to test the process before relying upon it entirely.

  Other Twin Cities projects are a $75,000 Midwest Research Institute
  study of regional solid waste management and resource recovery as a
  basis for the consideration of new solid waste legislation by the
  Metropolitan Council in 1975, and a $200,000 study to be conducted
  by Henningson, Durham, and Richardson of resource recovery possibilities
  for Hennipen County.
                                   30

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:



  CONTRACTOR:
Monroe County, New York

Alan Shilepsky

Harold Christensen
Director of Solid Waste
Department of Public Works
200 County Office Building
Rochester, New York 14614
(716) 454-7200

Shredded fuel for supplementary burning
in Rochester Gas and Electric Boilers.

2000

$25 million, not including retrofitting
and storage facilities.

Public improvement bonds plus at least
$9 million from the State.

Raytheon Service Corporation
Project Status

  Monroe County's request for proposals was prepared by the consulting
  engineering firm of Black,  Crow and Eidsness and drew upon a market •
  analysis and feasibility study dona by Black,  Crow and Eidsness's
  parent company, Hercules.   County officials have evaluated the proposals
  with the assistance of Black,  Crow and Eidsness and have tentatively
  chosen Raytheon.   A contract has been negotiated with Raytheon and the
  County legislature has authorized the County executive to execute the
  contract.

  The proposed design involves two stages of shredding, air classification,
  and the recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
                                   31

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Montgomery County, Maryland

Robert Holloway

F.K. Erickson
Office of Environmental Planning
Montgomery County Office Building
Rockville, Maryland 20850
(301) 279-1316

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel
to be used in local utility boiler.

1200

$16 million.

General obligation bonds.

Pope, Evans, and Robbins Consulting Engineers.
Project Status

  Based on a feasibility study by Pope,  Evans and Robbins,  Consulting
  Engineers, New York, the County Executive recommended and the County
  Council approved a ten year solid waste management plan calling for
  a 1200 ton per day county-owned and operated resource recovery system,
  producing magnetic metals and shredded waste fuel to be used as a
  supplement to coal in Potomac Electric Power Company's (PEPCO)
  Dickerson, Maryland plant.

  The $16 million for the central processing facility has been approved
  in the county's budget and will probably be obtained by general obligation
  bonds.  Funding for the $4 million receiving and firing facility at Dickerson
  has not been yet arranged.

  A site selection study identified five candidate sites.  The site
  selection process began with hearings  in September, and ended with
  the selection of a site in November, 1974.  This site is now being
  acquired.  Meanwhile, the County is also negotiating with PEPCO as
  to the details of their contract.  PEPCO's boiler that will accept
  the waste fuel is a new 800 megawatt unit that is scheduled to go
  into operation in 1982.
                                    32

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT


Project Description

  LOCATION:                        Montgomery County (Dayton),  Ohio

  EPA CONTACT:                     David Sussman

  PROJECT CONTACT:                 Ernest Philpot, Administrator
                                   County Sanitary Department
                                   Montgomery County Administration Building
                                   Dayton, Ohio 45402
                                   (513) 225-4933

  PROJECT TYPE:                    Investigating the Bureau of Mines process
                                   of heavy fraction separation with the use
                                   of shredded waste as a fuel.

  TONS/DAY:                        600

  CAPITAL COST:                    Approximately $15 million.

  METHOD OF FINANCING:             General obligation bonds.

  CONTRACTOR:                      Not known.


Project Status

  In preliminary investigation stage.  The County has hired an A&E firm
  to design an RFP for a shredded fuel system with heavy fraction separation.
  The RFP will not be offered for a few more months.  The County has sent
  out invitations for bids to upgrade the existing incinerators to enable
  them to remain in operation until resource recovery facility can be built.
                                   33

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Mt. Vernon, New York

Steven Levy

Seymour Lefkowitz
Intergovernmental Coordinator
City Hall
Mt. Vernon, New York
(914) 668-0737

Gas Pyrolysis

400

N/A

N/A

Union Carbide  (Proposed)
Project Status

  Mt. Vernon, as part of the Westchester County, New York plan, intends
  to build a 400 ton per day Union Carbide Purox system which will serve
  Mt. Vernon and the communities of North Pelham, Pelham and Pelham Manor,
  The gas produced will be used to generate electricity which will be
  sold to Consolidated Edison Company.
                                    34

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  METHOD OF  FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Nashville, Tennessee

Steven Levy

Carl Avers, General Manager
Nashville Thermal Transfer Corporation
110 First Avenue, South
Nashville, Tennessee 37201
(615) 255-1460

Waterwall incineration to produce
steam for district heating and
cooling.

720

$18.5 million, including complete
steam distribution system.

Thirty year revenue bonds.

I.C. Thomasson & Associates - design
engineers.
Project Status

  Nashville Thermal Transfer Corporation is a non-profit public authority,
  created by the City but operated independently of the City.   The project
  was initiated originally as a fossil-fuel-fired steam distribution system
  in conjunction with an ongoing urban renewal program.  The use of solid
  waste as the primary fuel was added to the project after the steam market
  was assured.

  The plant has been operating, but throughput has been limited because
  of the inability of air pollution control equipment  (scrubbers)  to
  control emissions at full load.  New air pollution control equipment
  is scheduled to be installed in 1975, thus permitting operation at
  full load.  Plant is meeting its obligations for steam and chilled
  water by burning fossil fuel.

  New steam contracts continue to increase the plant's load.  In order
  to meet these increasing contract demands, Nashville Thermal is
  considering expanding the size of its present facility.
                                    35

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
New Britain, Connecticut

Robert Randol

Richard Chase
CRRA; Connecticut Resources Recovery
  Authority
60 Washington Street
Suite 1305
Hartford, Connecticut 06106
(203) 549-6390

Prepared waste as a supplementary
fuel.

1800

$22 million.

Revenue bonds.

CEA  (Combustion Equipment Associates,
  Inc.)
Project Status

  CEA proposes to produce Eco-Fuel II for the Wallingford power plant
  (city owned).   The waste fuel will reportedly be mixed with fuel oil
  and fired in combination into the existing boiler.   (Ability of
  Wallingford plant to accept large amounts of fuel unknown to EPA).
  A contract has not yet been signed between any of the parties.
  After Bridgeport, New Britain will be the second project to be
  implemented by the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority.
                                    36

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  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
New Orleans, Louisiana

Yvonne Garbe

Frank Bernheisel
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc.
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-6154

Materials Recovery

650

$5.7 million.

Private  (Waste Management, Inc.)

Waste Management,  Inc.
Project Status

  City has given final approval to a contract with Waste Management to
  construct, own, and operate a facility which will recover glass, ferrous
  and nonferrous metals, and paper from the solid waste stream.  System was
  designed by the National Center for Resource Recovery, who will act as
  Technical Advisor to the City and will monitor the construction and oper-
  ation of the facility.  Site preparation was started on November 18 and
  the ground breaking ceremony was held on November 26, 1974.  The detailed
  design work is being done by Waldeman S. Nelson Co., and the plant start
  up is scheduled for Spring 1976.
                                  37

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:
  CONTRACTOR:
New York, New York

David Sussman

Leonard F. O'Reilly
Director, Solid Waste Task Force
51 Chambers Street
New York, New York
(212) 566-0922

Shredded fuel.

1500
50 percent State funds.
50 percent City funds.
Consolidated Edison finances their
plant modifications.

Horner & Shifrin, Inc. for feasibility
study.
Project Status

  City is finalizing contract with Horner & Shifrin to design a 1500 ton
  per day shredded fuel plant in conjunction with Con Ed's Arthur Kill
  plant, unit #20.  The plant will be simlar to the St. Louis demonstation
  plant.  Construction will not begin until Con Ed is financially able
  to pay for the required modifications to its boilers.  The plant will
  demonstrate the feasibility of shredded fuel in the New York City area.

  Plans for a new 700 megawatt plant in the City that will burn 1600
  tons per day are being formulated by the New York Power Authority.
  Implementation date for the plan is unknown.
                                    38

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
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  METHOD OF FINANCING:



  CONTRACTOR:
Onondaga County, New York

Richard Hopper

Charles R. Stoffel
Federal Aid Representative
Onondaga County, New York
Box 23324
L1Enfant Piaza Station
Washington, D.C. 20024
(202) 554-2494

Waterwall incineration to produce
steam for district heating and
cooling.

1000

$21,503,900

Municipal bonds; bond anticipation
notes; State grant.

Carrier Corporation.
Project Status

  Onondaga County owns and operates a mid-town district heating and
  cooling plant which supplies steam and chilled water to various
  County and City buildings in Syracuse.  A few blocks away is a
  district heating and cooling plant owned by Syracuse University
  serving many campus buildings,  several hospitals, and a housing
  project.  In May 1974, the County and University entered into a
  contract with Carrier Corporation to conduct a feasibility study
  of the possibilities of converting the two plants to the use of
  municipal solid waste as a fuel.

  To assist in the study, Carrier Corporation engaged the services of
  Roisson and Woese, Consulting Engineers; I.e.  Thomasson & Associates,
  Consulting Engineers; and Edward Joe Company,  Mechanical Contractors.
  The completed study recommended that the existing county steam plant
  be phased out and that a new steam plant using solid waste as a fuel
  be built adjacent to the existing university steam plant site.  The
  facility would have the capacity to incinerate most of the 1,200
                                   39

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Onondaga County, New York
(continued)
  tons of solid waste produced by Onondaga County's half million
  residents each day and would recover energy from this waste in
  the form of steam.  The existing university steam plant would be
  retained as a standby unit, while the new plant would be designed
  to burn waste as delivered or to burn fuel that may be produced
  in the future by a pyrolysis system that would convert waste into
  gas or oil.  The proposed plant will produce 270,000 pounds of
  steam per hour.
                                    40

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

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  CONTRACTOR:
Palmer Township, Pennsylvania

Steven Levy

H. Robert Daws, Chairman
Board of Supervisors
Palmer Township Municipal Building
3245 Freemansburg Avenue
Easton, Pennsylvania 18042

Use of solid waste as a fuel in a
cement kiln.

Estimated throughput:  150 tons.
Plant capacity:  500 tons.

$2.8 million

Fifty percent financing expected
from State, rest from township.

Elo and Rhodes, Inc. - Consulting
Engineers
Project Status

  The feasibility study has been completed and the Township is moving
  ahead with implementation.  Detailed working drawings have been
  completed and a permit for the facility has been issued by the
  State Department of Natural Resources.   Bids on major equipment
  items are due on January 15, 1975.   Project financing is still
  uncertain.  The entire system is now estimated to cost $2.8
  million.  The Township is seeking State legislation that would
  provide a State grant for a portion of  the capital cost and a
  State loan for another portion, with the remainder financed
  by the County.
                                   41

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:
  CONTRACTOR:
San Diego County, California

Steven Levy

Case Houson, Director
Department of Sanitation & Flood Control
5555 Overland Avenue
San Diego, California
(714) 565-5329

Pyrolysis to produce a liquid fuel.

200

$6.4 million.

EPA demonstration grant - $3.5 million
County - $2.0 million
Garrett Research and Development Company, Inc.
$3.5 million.

Garrett Research and Development Co.
Project Status

  Project is in the design stage with construction to begin in early 1975.
  Garrett has turnkey responsibility for design and construction of the
  complete facility.  The liquid fuel product will be used by the San Diego
  Gas and Electric Company as a supplement to No. 6 Fuel Oil in an oil
  fired steam electric power plant.  Nearly one barrel of oil is produced
  from each ton of solid waste.  Updated price quotes have been requested
  for all major equipment items.  Orders will be placed as soon as they
  are received and reviewed - probably by early January.
                                    42

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Saugus, Massachusetts

Steven Levy

W.C. Stephens
Energy Systems Division
Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc.
299 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10017

Waterwall incineration.

1200

$30 million.

Private.

RESCO
Project Status

  RESCO (Refuse Energy Systems Company),  a joint venture of De Matteo
  Construction Company and Wheelabrator-Frye, is constructing a water-
  wall incinerator in Saugus, Massachusetts.  The steam generated will
  be sold to the General Electric Company plant at Lynn, Massachusetts,
  across the Saugus River.  The plant's  input refuse will come from some
  16 communities north of Boston.  The twenty year contract between RESCO
  and the communities provides for an initial disposal fee of $13 per
  ton of solid waste.
                                    43

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Seattle, Washington

Alan Shilepsky

Paul Disario
Office of Management and Budget
City Hall
Seattle, Washington
(206) 583-5792

Pyrolysis to generate methane gas,
followed by chemical processing
into methanol or possibly ammonia.

1500

$56 million (methanol) or $65 million
(ammonia).

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  Mathematical Sciences, Northwest has conducted a feasibility study
  for the City on pyrolysis to generate methane gas, followed by
  chemical processing into ammonia.
                                   44

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
St. Louis, Missouri

Robert Holloway

David Klumb
Union Electric Company
P.O. Box 149
St. Louis, Missouri 63166
(314) 621-3222   Ext. 3175

Prepared waste as a supplementary fuel;
materials recovery.

8,000

$70 million.

Pollution control revenue bond.

In-house and Horner & Shifrin.
Project Status

  Union Electric has been participating since 1969 with the City
  of St. Louis and EPA in a demonstration project to assess the
  feasibility of firing prepared waste as supplementary fuel into
  an existing coal fired utility boiler.

  Based on the success of the project to date, Union Electric
  announced in February, 1974 plans to implement a $70 million
  8,000 ton per day program.  UE plans to accept raw waste
  (2,000 tons per day at the Meramec Plant, and 6,000 tons per
  day at the Labadie Plant) and prepare it for use as fuel.  In
  addition, metals and glass will be recovered.

  In September, 1974, UE ordered 11 air classifiers at a cost of
  over $4 million.  In October, UE ordered storage bins at an
  additional value of over $4 million.  Shredder proposals were
  received in January, 1975, and rail car and transport container
  proposals are expected to be received in February.
                                   45

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING;

  CONTRACTOR:
Tennessee Valley Authority

Harry Butler

Edward Bales
Office of Tributary Area Development
TVA
Knoxville, Tennessee
(615) 637-0101 Ext. 2185

Fuel recovery throughout Authority's
service area.  Several processes
under consideration.

7400

$20 million.

TVA debt financed.

Several.
Project Status

  TVA is involved in all phases of development in area served by it.
  This covers parts of 7 states and a population of 7 million.  About
  8 million tons per year of solid waste are generated in the area.
  TVA provides technical assistance to cities and counties throughout
  the region; it does not have grants or other means of fiscal support.
  Staff is developing a plan for solid waste resource recovery that
  would handle most of the waste generated within the region and its
  fringe areas.  TVA foresees installing refuse processing plants at
  a half-dozen or so of its coal fired power plants.  The total system
  as envisioned by TVA would be able to handle 7400 tons per day of
  solid waste and would provide 7 percent of TVA's total energy needs.
  TVA uses 35 million tons per year of coal; hence its plants would
  realize a savings of 2 million tons per year of coal (75 percent
  of TVA's power is supplied by coal fired boilers).  The system
  would consist of the following plants.

  Chattanooga-Knoxville - a 2000 ton per day facility at Watts-Bar power
  plant would use a Torrax system to produce combustible gas and would
  rail haul refuse to the plant.  The plant would also recover aluminum,
  glass, and ferrous metal.
                                    46

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Tennessee Valley Authority
(continued)
  Memphis - 600 ton per day supplementary fuel plant to input into TVA's
  Allan power plant.

  Asheville - 600 ton per day plant.

  Paducah - 1000 ton per day plant.

  Muscle Shoals - 1000 ton per day plant.

  Nashville - Would be served by a facility in nearby Huntington, which
  would be the first TVA facility constructed.  Would supplement the
  existing Nashville Thermal plant.

  TVA's timetable calls for implementation during 1975.
                                    47

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Washington, D.C.

Robert Holloway

Clark W. Hand
Environmental Planning
Metropolitan Washington Council
  of Governments
1225 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
(202) 223-6800  Ext. 330

Waste as fuel - probably to PEPCO,
but looking for other fuel users.

650-1300

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  Washington, D.C., and Fairfax, Arlington, and Alexandria counties in
  Northern Virginia are pursuing a regional approach to resource recovery.
  The project is being conducted by the Metropolitan Council of Governments
  (COG).   The COG has contracted with the National Center for Resource
  Recovery to evaluate markets for recovered materials and to conduct
  a feasibility study of a facility for materials recovery and the
  processing of solid waste into a supplementary fuel.  The COG is
  also in the preliminary stages of negotiation with the Potomac
  and Electric Power Company to purchase the fuel.

  The National Center for Resource Recovery's report was delivered to
  the COG in January.  The District of Columbia plans to prepare a
  budget request for fiscal year 1976 funds to develop an engineering
  design and recommend equipment specifications.
                                    48

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Westchester County, New York

Steven Levy

Robert Dennison
Commissioner of Public Works
County Office Building
White Plains, New York
(914) 682-2537

County-wide.

400

$105 million.

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  County Plan calls for upgrading 3 or 4 existing incinerators and
  installing a Bureau of Mines incinerator recovery system, for
  building a thermal reduction facility at the County's Grasslands
  Reservation, for closing the Croton Landfills and for building a
  400 ton per day Union Carbide Purox System in Mt. Vernon.  Under
  the plan, the County is divided into eight waste sheds for solid
  waste management and resource recovery, and the County assumes
  responsibility for solid waste disposal.
                                    49

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:


  CONTRACTOR:
Wilmington, Delaware

Robert Holloway

Pasquale S. Canzano
Department of Natural Resources and
  Environmental Control
State of Delaware
Dover, Delaware 19901
(302) 678-4781

Prepared solid waste as a supplementary
fuel to be used in oil fired utility
boiler; sewage sludge will be processed;
subsystems will include composting,
pyrolysis, and materials recovery
(ferrous, aluminum, glass).

500   (One shift).

$20 million.

State general obligation bonds;
EPA grant.

Full-service contract to be bid
competitively with RFP.
Project Status

  EPA awarded a $9 million resource recovery demonstration grant to the
  State of Delaware in October, 1972.   As a result of negotiations
  between EPA and Delaware over conditions of the grant agreement,
  Delaware accepted EPA's recommendation not to compost the waste
  fuel to be burned in a Delmarva Power and Light Co. oil-fired
  boiler.  Resolution of conditions and paper work required to
  amend project have delayed project about two years.

  Delaware will apply for an EPA Step III Water Construction Grant
  for those facilities that handle sludge.  Delaware plans to ask
  for $4-5 million in EPA water funds.

  Delaware hopes to develop an RFP package by early 1975.  A contract
  should be signed by January, 1976 to design, construct, and operate
  the facility.
                                   50

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                             ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of California

Richard Hopper

Albert A. Marino, Executive Director
California State Solid Waste Management
  Board
Rm. 1335, Resources Building
1416 9th Street
Sacramento, California 95814
(916) 322-3330

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  In 1972 the California State Legislature enacted the Solid Waste Management
  and Resource Recovery Act which established a solid waste management board
  and required all counties to adopt solid waste management plans to be
  approved by the State Board placing priority upon resource recovery.

  In implementing this priority on resource recovery, the Act mandates the
  Solid Waste Management Board to develop a State Resource Recovery Plan
  considering the following elements:

    1.   A State-directed R&D program.

    2.   A demonstration program for resource recovery.

    3.   Changes in product characteristics to encourage source reduction.

    4.   The use of State procurement practices to induce a market demand.

    5.   Incentives, including State grants, loans and other assistance, along
        with disincentives.
                                   51

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State of California
(continued)
    6.  Effects of existing public policies.

    7.  Disposal taxes on consumer goods.

    8.  State pilot resource recovery projects.

  To fulfill this mandate, the State Board requested its advisory council
  on resource recovery to prepare a draft State resource recovery plan.
  This has been completed and has been presented to the public at a series
  of public hearings.  As a consequence, the  State Solid Waste Management
  Board recently adopted a policy on resource recovery and is seeking
  additional implementing legislation.
                                    52

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Connecticut

Robert Randol

Mr. Joseph L. Boren, Director
Solid Waste Management Programs
Department of Environmental Protection
State of Connecticut
State Office Building, Room 248
Hartford, Connecticut 06115
(203) 566-3672

Development of State authority.
Revenue bonds.

Garrett Research and Development Company
(Bridgeport facility)

Combustion Equipment Associates
(Greater Hartford facility)
Project Status

  As a result of a comprehensive State plan developed by the Connecticut
  Department of Environmental Protection, the State legislature created
  the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority (CRRA).  The Authority is
  carrying out implementation of the plan, which calls for the construction
  by 1985 of 10 resource recovery facilities which will process 84 percent
  of the State's waste.   CRRA has been given $250 million bonding authority
  for facility construction.   During formulation of the plan, the U.S.  Environ-
  mental Protection Agency funded a study which gave the State an independent
  commentary on the proposed legislation, gave a framework for evaluation of
  proposed projects, and made recommendations for the organization and management
  of the Authority as well as on aspects of financing and system incentives.
  Contracts for the first two facilities have been awarded to Garrett Research
  and Development Company for a resource recovery plant in Bridgeport and to
  Combustion Equipment Associates for a plant in New Britain, which will
  serve several communities in the Greater Hartford area.  Unique features
  of the Connecticut plan include:
                                   53

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State of Connecticut
(continued)
  Voluntary Participation.  Communities are not required to utilize the
  services of the CRRA facilities, but instead may decide to do so on an
  economical basis.

  Rate Setting.  There is no regulation of the rates charged to the
  communities.  However, since the system is voluntary, CRRA is forced
  to be competitive with other means of disposal.

  Private Sector Involvement.  Since CRRA is limited to 30 employees,
  the private sector will be utilized for design, construction, and
  operation of facilities.
                                    54

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                           ACTIVITY REPORT
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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Florida

Richard Hopper

J. Benton Druse
Solid Waste Planning
Department of Pollution Control
2562 Executive Center Circle, E.
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
(904) 488-1345

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  Florida recently enacted legislation creating a Resource Recovery and
  Management Advisory Council, and mandated that it develop a resource recovery
  program for the State.  While the State Board of Pollution Control is
  responsible for adopting the recommended program by rule, the Resource
  Recovery and Management Advisory Council has veto powers over any provisions of the
  program that it objects to.  By law, the Board of Pollution Control
  must adopt a resource recovery and management program for the State
  within one year after the "Florida Resource Recovery and Management Act"
  takes effect and, in doing so, must hold public hearings throughout the
  State.

  To implement the adopted program, the law states that specific powers
  of the Department of Pollution Control shall be to:

    (1)   Provide technical assistance to counties and municipalities.

    (2)   Charge user fees.

    (3)   Acquire personal or real property.
                                     55

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State of Florida
(continued)
    (4)  Acquire, construct, and operate resource recovery facilities.

  Furthermore, the law states that within two years after the department
  adopts the State resource recovery and management program, all counties
  and municipalities shall adopt, either solely or in cooperation with
  other counties and municipalities, a local resource recovery and
  management program which shall be approved by the department, and shall
  implement the provisions of the State program.

  Thus far, the Resource Recovery and Management Advisory Council is in the process
  of selecting an executive director and has been holding monthly meetings
  to determine how it shall proceed in developing the State plan.
                                      56

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Hawaii

Richard Hopper

Judith Blatchford
State Office of Environmental Quality
550 Halekauwila Street, Room 301
Honolulu, Hawaii
(808) 548-6915

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  In 1971, the Hawaii State Legislature enacted legislation calling for
  the development of an Hawaii State Plan for Solid Waste Recycling.
  This plan was completed in 1973.  Responding to one of the plan's
  recommendations, the State has set aside land in the harbor area
  of Honolulu as a centralized recycling industrial park.  In
  addition, the State has invested in the design of a plant to
  convert organics to oil, for which a pilot plant is expected
  to be constructed sometime in 1976.  Meanwhile, pending before
  the legislature are still several pieces of legislation, including:
  a bill to create a Hawaii Waste Recovery Authority, tax incentives
  for solid waste recycling facilities, and bottle legislation.
  Finally, the State is maintaining an on-going inventory of solid
  waste generated and markets for recovered materials while
  sponsoring small-scale demonstration projects.
                                   57

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  .METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Illinois

Harry Butler

Patrick Lynch
Division of Land Pollution Control
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Drive
Springfield, Illinois 62706
(217) 782-6760

Solid waste grant program.

N/A

$6 million grant funding.

State appropriation.

N/A
Project Status

  The State Solid Waste Office is staffing up for a grant program of $6
  million for solid waste planning and resource recovery demonstrations.
  The State will produce a policy planning document which will define the
  State's role in resource recovery.  The policy will then be implemented
  in 1976.  In the interim, a grant is to be given to the City of Spring-
  field for a design study of a supplementary fuel system for the City
  Water, Light and Power Company, a municipally owned utility.
                                    58

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Maryland

Harry Butler

Cliff Willey
Chief of Solid Waste Services
Maryland Environmental Services
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
(301) 267-5666

State grant and loan program.

N/A

N/A

State appropriation.

N/A
Project Status

  The Maryland Environmental Services (MES)  can provide both grants and
  loans for resource recovery facilities.   Four million dollars of the
  matching funds for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's $16
  million demonstration in Baltimore was provided by MES.  In addition,
  MES is funding, in a joint venture with Baltimore County, the Baltimore
  County Solid Waste Disposal System and Reclamation Project.  Phase I
  of this project will consist of shredding followed by magnetic separa-
  tion.  The ferrous fraction recovered will be sold to the detinning
  market.  The remainder is to be landfilled.  MES is spending $300,000
  on market and product development.  Phase II of the project will
  consist of recovery of the fiber  (either as fuel or fiberboard) ,
  glass and other heavy fraction as their markets develop.
                                   59

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Yvonne Garbe

Alden Cousins, Director
Bureau of Solid Waste Disposal
Massachusetts Department of Public Works
100 Nashua Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02114
(617) 727-4293

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is implementing a state-wide
  resource recovery plan.  The plan features a system of privately
  financed, privately owned, State controlled resource recovery
  facilities.  The State has issued a "Request for Proposals"
  as a first step towards implementing a resource recovery
  facility in the Greater Lawrence area.

  A bidders conference was held on January 11, 1975 with proposals
  to be returned for review by March 18, 1975.
                                    60

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                          ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

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  EPA CONTACT:

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  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:
State of Michigan

Richard E. Hopper

Fred Kellow, Chief
Solid Waste Management Division
Environmental Protection Branch
Department of Natural Resources
3500 Logan Street
Lansing, Michigan 48914
(517) 373-6620

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  Both the State House and Senate recently unanimously passed legislation
  to establish a State program for resource recovery.  The Governor has
  signed the legislation, and it became effective January 1, 1975.  The
  legislation primarily does three things:  (1)  it mandates the State
  Department of Natural Resources to develop a State resource recovery
  plan by January, 1978, and then to update the plan yearly; (2)  it
  establishes a State Resource Recovery Advisory Commission and
  requires it to formally adopt the State plan;  and  (3) gives the
  Department authority to construct and operate resource recovery
  facilities, issue revenue bonds, contract for services, charge
  user fees, and make loans to local government.
                                   61

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
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  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Minnesota

Harry Butler

Robert Silvagni
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Division of Solid Waste
1935 West County Road, B-2
Roseville, Minnesota 55113
(612) 636-5740

State grant program.

N/A

$3.5 million in grant funds.

State appropriation.

N/A
Project Status

  A $3.5 million solid waste disposal and resource recovery grant program
  is being implemented by the Minnesota Pollution Control Authority.  To
  be eligible for State assistance, a program or project must be consistent
  with all State approved county and regional solid waste management plans
  of affected counties and must comply with all applicable local, State,
  and Federal regulations.  Grant-in-aid payments made by the State cannot
  exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the program or project funded.
  Resource recovery grants to date have been for the purpose of conducting
  planning and feasibility studies.
                                   62

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

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  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:




  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of New York

Harry Butler

David Mafrizi, Director
Bureau of Resource Recovery
Division of Solid Waste Management
New York State Department of Environmental
  Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12201
(518) 457-3199

State grant program.

N/A

$175 million for solid waste disposal and
resource recovery grants to local govern-
ment.

General obligation bond.

N/A
Project Status

  New York State voters have approved a $1.1 billion Environmental Bond,
  which includes $175 million for solid waste disposal and resource
  recovery facilities.  The regulations provide up to 25 percent State
  funding for disposal projects and up to 50 percent for resource
  recovery projects, thus increasing the incentive for resource
  recovery.  In addition, the regulations provide that to be eligi-
  ble for State assistance, a project must be consistent with a
  comprehensive solid waste management plan.  Comprehensive plans
  must:  (1)  assure that all municipalities within a -region will
  be served by a solid waste recovery and management system; (2)
  provide for intermunicipal cooperation; (3) define solid waste
  collection service areas and the type of service to be provided;
  (4)  utilize modern technology to best meet local needs and optimize
  opportunities for resource recovery; and  (5) provide for phased
  implementation of proposed systems to meet short range and long
  range needs.  To date, $116 million has been set aside for specific
  resource recovery projects.  Actual grant awards will be made to the
  specific communities upon State approval of the contractor's bid price
  for a facility.
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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Ohio

Richard Hopper

Donald Day
Division of Waste Management & Engineering
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 1049
Columbus, Ohio 43216
(614) 466-8934

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  A task force of the Ohio Commission on Local Government Services recently
  recommended that the State both establish a State policy on resource recovery
  for operating programs of State government, and Ohio Resource Recovery
  Authority to finance and operate actual systems on a permissive-use basis.
  To implement its recommendations, the task force called for a $1.5 million
  study to design a specific State program.  As a follow-up to this recommenda-
  tion, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has developed an in-house
  "action plan" and has formed a State advisory group to provide on-going
  guidance as to its implementation.  Within this action plan, it is recommended
  that the State design, construct, and operate resource recovery facilities
  under the existing powers of the Ohio Water Development Authority to both
  operate solid waste systems and to make loans and grants to governmental
  agencies for the acquisition or construction of solid waste projects
  (Section  6123, Ohio Revised Code).  The Ohio Water Development Authority
  will go seeking an appropriation for such purposes in the coming legislative
  session.
                                     64

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Richard Hopper

William C. Bucciarelli, Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
Department of Environmental Resources
8th Floor Fulton Building
P.O. Box 2063
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania  17120
(717) 787-7381

State loan program.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  In 1974 the Pennsylvania State Legislature enacted the Pennsylvania
  Solid Waste Resource Recovery Development Act creating a State loan
  program for local resource recovery projects.  Requirements of the
  Act are that in reviewing applications for loans, the Department of
  Environmental Resources shall:  (1) consider the amounts of polluting
  substances treated and/or eliminated; (2) the overall environmental
  benefits to be accrued as a result of the projects;  (3) the amount
  of populations served; and (4) the extent of resource recovery to be
  included.  Furthermore, the law requires that no loan shall be made
  to any local government which is not a part of a department approved
  local solid waste management plan.  Twenty million dollars was appro-
  priated for the purposes of the Act.  At present, the Department of
  Environmental Resources is drafting rules and regulations to implement
  the loan program.
                                     65

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Rhode Island

David Sussman

John Quinn, Jr., Chief
Division of Solid Waste Management
State Health Department
204 Health Building
Davis Street
Providence, Rhode Island 02908
(401) 277-2808

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  The Rhode Island legislature has created the Rhode Island Solid Waste
  Management Corporation.  The legislation which created the Corporation
  is a result of the State Solid Waste Management Plan and is modeled
  after the Connecticut Resource Recovery legislation.  Environmental
  Protection Agency, through a grant to Rhode Island, assisted in the
  preparation of the State Plan.

  As outlined in the legislation, details of the State program are:

     (1) The corporation will prepare and implement a functional level
        plan for an integrated statewide system of solid waste management
        facilities;

     (2) Municipal participation in the statewide system of solid waste
        management facilities that will be developed by the corporation
        will be on a voluntary basis.

     (3) The corporation will make its waste management facilities available
        under contract to any municipality, institution, or person at
        reasonable fees established by the corporation; and,
                                    66

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State of Rhode Island
(continued)
    (4)  Any revenues received by the corporation shall be used by said
        corporation to provide the financial support that is required
        to maintain financial solvency.

  Since a bond referendum to fund the corporation failed in last year's
  elections, the State is presently exploring other alternatives for
  providing the necessary start-up funding for the corporation.

  Although there is no funding for the corporation, the Advisory
  Board has been appointed and is operating, with the expectation
  that staff will be hired this Spring.
                                   67

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Tennessee

Harry Butler

Tom Tiesler, Director
Solid Waste Management Section
Division of Environmental Sanitation
Bureau of Environmental Health Services
State Department of Public Health
Capitol Hill Building, Room 320
Nashville, Tennessee 37219
(615) 741-3424

Loan program.

N/A

$10 million resource recovery loan program.

State loans.

N/A
Project Status

  The State Legislature has authorized a $10 million resource recovery loan
  program.  Regulations are being drafted for the implementation of this
  program with assistance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  In addition, the Tennessee Municipal League (TML) has proposed-a State
  resource recovery plan - with $3.5 million funding suggested.
                                     68

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Vermont

Yvonne Garbe

Richard Valentinetti
Air & Solid Waste Programs
Protection Division
Agency of Environmental Conservation
P.O. Box 489
Montpelier, Vermont 05602
(802) 828-3395

Development of State plan.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
Project Status

  The State solid waste plan calls for mandatory separation of wastes
  by the householder and for the construction of four regional resource
  recovery facilities.   The proposed legislation to put this plan into
  effect failed to pass in 1973, and again in 1974.  The State is currently
  drafting more general legislation to be introduced in the legislature in
  1975 that would respond to criticisms of previous legislation by being
  less specific, and giving greater flexibility to the Agency of Environmental
  Conservation to develop the details.
                                   69

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT
Project Description

  LOCATION:

  EPA CONTACT:

  PROJECT CONTACT:
  PROJECT TYPE:

  TONS/DAY:

  CAPITAL COST:

  METHOD OF FINANCING:

  CONTRACTOR:
State of Washington

Richard Hopper

Robert Martin
Solid Waste Management
Washington State Department of Ecology
Olympia, Washington 98505
(206) 753-6883

Grant and loan program.

N/A

$30 million in grants and loans.

State appropriation.

N/A
Project Status

  The State of Washington is already administering a six year $30 million
  grant and loan program for resource recovery and solid waste disposal.
  At present, monies given for resource recovery have either been for
  planning or for small-scale materials recovery demonstrations.
                                   70

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                            ACTIVITY REPORT


Project Description

  LOCATION:                         State of Wisconsin

  EPA CONTACT:                      Richard Hopper

  PROJECT CONTACT:                  Warren Porter
                                    Wisconsin Solid Waste Recycling Authority
                                    c/o Department of Administration
                                    1 West Wilson Street
                                    Madison, Wisconsin 53702
                                    (608) 266-2686

  PROJECT TYPE:                     Development of State plan.

  TONS/DAY:                         N/A

  CAPITAL COST:                     N/A

  METHOD OF FINANCING:              Revenue bonds.

  CONTRACTOR:                       N/A

Project Status

  The State of Wisconsin has recently created a Solid Waste Recycling
  Authority with powers to plan, design, finance, construct, acquire,
  lease, contract, operate, and maintain resource recovery facilities
  within designated recycling regions.  The types of resource recovery
  facilities to be built will be determined by the Authority based
  largely on information contained in the two year study which recommended
  formation of the Authority.  Three initial recycling regions, encompassing
  11 counties have been established.  Funds have been appropriated for the
  Authority's initial start up costs,  and the law establishes bonding
  authority for capital costs.  The authority is now being formed.
  Unique features of the Wisconsin plan include:

    (1)  Mandatory Compliance.  In order to insure a large waste stream
        for economies of scale, to reduce risks for investors, and to
        provide a continuous supply of materials for their markets, the
        Authority has control of all waste collected within the designated
        regions and must approve all disposal or recovery facilities.

    (2)  Cost Guarantees.  During the first three years of operation,
        rates and charges for approved facilities may be reduced by the
        Authority, but they may not be increased.
                                  71

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State of Wisconsin
(continued)
    (3) Site Purchase.  The Authority must purchase, given certain
        provisions, operating municipal disposal sites that are
        offered for sale by the municipality.

    (4) Private Sector Involvement.  To insure the use of the private
        sector, the Authority is limited to 40 employees.
                                   72

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                   APPENDIX I




COMMUNITIES RECOVERING ONLY FERROUS METAL, 1974









             Ansonia, CT




             Atlanta, GA




             College Park, MD




             Great Falls, MT




             Harrisburg, PA




             Los Gatos, CA




             Louisville, KY




             Madison, WI




             Menlo Park, CA




             New Castle County, DE




             Sacramento, CA




             Sacramento County, CA




             San Francisco, CA
                        73

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                       APPENDIX II
              ABBREVIATIONS USED IN REPORT
A&E — Architectural and engineering firm
BFI — Browning-Ferris Industries
CEA — Combustion Equipment Associates, Inc.
COG — Council of Governments
CRRA — Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority
EPA — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
HMDC — Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission
MES — Maryland Environmental Services
N/A — Not applicable
NCRR - National Center for Resource Recovery
PEPCO — Potomac Electric Power Company
PSEG - Public Service Electric and Gas Company
RESCO — Refuse Energy Systems Company
R&D — Research and development
RFP — Request for proposals
TVA — Tennessee Valley Authority
UE — Union Electric Company
                                                       yallOSb

                              U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975— 582-420.240
                            74

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