United States Office of Air Quality EPA-450/4-82-013g
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards October 1982
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Air
ER* NORTHEAST CORRIDOR
REGIONAL MODELING
PROJECT
ANNUAL EMISSION
INVENTORY COMPILATION
AND
FORMATTING
Volume VII:
New Hampshire
Emission Inventory
i 3
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EPA-450/4-82-013g
NORTHEAST CORRIDOR REGIONAL
MODELING PROJECT
ANNUAL EMISSION INVENTORY
COMPILATION AND FORMATTING
Volume VII:
New Hampshire Emission Inventory
by
GCA Corporation
Bedford, MA
Contract No. 68-02-3510
EPA Project Officers: James H. Southerland
Thomas F. Lahre
Prepared For
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
October 1982
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This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication as received from GCA Corporation, Bedford, MA. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are
available from the Air Management Technology Branch, Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
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CONTENTS
Figures
Tables
1. Introduction .......................... 1
Background ................ . ........ 1
Objectives ......................... 1
Report Organization .................... 3
2. Project History ......................... 5
Agency Contacts ...................... 5
Summary of Events ..................... 5
3. Point Source Inventory ..................... 7
Data Procurement ...................... 7
Data Review and Update ................... 8
Growth Factors ....................... 9
Results .......................... 9
4. Area Source Inventory Development ..... . .......... 19
Objectives ......................... 19
Methodologies ........... . ........... 19
Deviations from the Volume I Methodologies ........ . 22
Development of EIS/AS Master File ............. 27
Results .......................... 27
5. References ........................... 31
Appendices
A. Point Source Emissions by Category for the New Hampshire
Counties ........................... 33
B. Area Source Emissions by Category for the New Hampshire
Counties ........................... 54
ill
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Boundaries of regional model grid system 2
TABLES
1 Directory of the NECRMP Annual Regional Emission Inventory
Reports 4
2 Summary of Sources Included in Previous Update Effort by
Pollutant and Size 7
3 Summary of New Hampshire Sources Listed in the RACT Directory,
But Not in the New Hampshire Point Source Inventory 8
4 Updates Made to the New Hampshire Point Source Inventory .... 10
5 County-Specific Growth Factors (1979 to 1980) for New Hampshire
Point Sources 12
6 New Hampshire Statewide Growth Factors (1979 to 1980) for
Point Sources 13
7 New Hampshire Point Source Emissions (1979) by Category—
Statewide 16
8 New Hampshire Sources (1979) Emitting More Than 100 tons/yr of
VOC or NOX 18
9 Area Source Categories Inventoried for New Hampshire 20
10 New Hampshire 1980 Area Source Inventory Data Sources 23
11 Annual Emissions (1980) of VOC and NOX from Area Sources in
New Hampshire 28
IV
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
On a nationwide basis, nonattainment of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is one of the most serious and widespread air
pollution problems facing the air quality management community. The Northeast
Corridor, a megalopolis of urban and suburban areas extending from Washington
to Boston, bears a large extent of the ozone problem. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in cooperation with the northeastern
states, local agencies and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), has
undertaken the Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project (NECRMP) to
develop regional and urban ozone control strategies through the use of
photochemical air quality simulation models.
To employ a regional model, an inventory of point and area source
emissions covering the entire NECRMP study area had to be assembled and placed
into a common format. Unfortunately, existing data bases were inadequate to
either properly test or validate a regional model. To this end, USEPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards retained GCA Corporation, GCA/
Technology Division to complete an annual inventory for use in NECRMP. The
study area shown in Figure 1, includes the entire northeast quadrant of the
United States from longitude 69 degrees to 84 degrees West, and latitude 38
degrees to 45 degrees North.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the effort reported in this volume was to assemble the
most current, comprehensive and accurate emission inventory possible for the
State of New Hampshire. This was achieved through the cooperation of the New
Hampshire Air Pollution Control Agency (NHAPCA) and USEPA/Region I. The
intent of the program was to avoid direct contact between GCA and individual
facilities in New Hampshire. Rather, GCA worked directly with the NHAPCA who
in turn contacted sources when necessary. GCA reviewed the State and EPA
supplied data and submitted a list of potential errors back to NHAPCA, who was
responsible for confirming the data or supplying corrections, as necessary.
The major pollutants of interest were VOC and NOX. although TSP, SOX
and CO were also compiled for point sources. Because of this emphasis,
quality assurance checks focused primarily on sources of VOC and NOX-
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The completed inventories were computerized for further use in the NECRMP
study. Point source data were computerized in the format specified in the
Emission Inventory System/Point Source (EIS/PS) User's Guide^ and area
source data were coded into EIS/AS^ format.
REPORT ORGANIZATION
The results of the NECRMP annual emission inventory are reported in an 18
volume set of documents. Volume I in this series describes the background of
the program and discusses the methods used to compile and verify the annual
emission inventory. Volumes II through XVI present a more detailed discussion
of each state's inventory effort. Volume XVII describes the spatial,
temporal, and species allocation factors developed to allow for the creation
of modeler's tapes from the completed inventory. Volume XVIII presents a
summary of the point and area source inventories for the entire study area.
Also included in Volume XVIII is a detailed analysis of the overall quality of
the data base and an assessment of the data's suitability for use in
photochemical modeling. A directory of the NECRMP annual emission inventory
reports is presented in Table 1.
This volume, which presents a discussion of the annual emission inventory
for New Hampshire, consists of five sections. Section 2 describes the project
history and includes a summary of the major events that relate to the New
Hampshire inventory development. Section 3 discusses in greater detail the
point source inventory task while the area source inventory development is
covered in Section 4. All references cited in the volume are identified in
Section 5. Appendices A and B present county emissions for point and area
sources, respectively.
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TABLE 1. DIRECTORY OF THE NECRMP ANNUAL REGIONAL EMISSION
INVENTORY REPORTS
Volume
Contents
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
Project Approach
Connecticut Emission Inventory
Delaware Emission Inventory
Maine Emission Inventory
Maryland Emission Inventory
Massachusetts Emission Inventory
New Hampshire Emission Inventory
New Jersey Emission Inventory
New York Emission Inventory
Ohio Emission Inventory
Pennsylvania Emission Inventory
Rhode Island Emission Inventory
Vermont Emission Inventory
Virginia Emission Inventory
Washington, DC Emission Inventory
West Virginia Emission Inventory
Development of Allocation Factors
Inventory Review and Evaluation
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SECTION 2
PROJECT HISTORY
AGENCY CONTACTS
The EPA Project Officer provided agency contacts in the New Hampshire Air
Pollution Control Agency (NHAPCA) and the Environmental Protection Agency's
Region I Office (EPA/Region I). The NHAPCA contact was responsible for
confirming data, supplying required corrections or additional data,
interfacing with individual sources as necessary, and concurring on the
comprehensiveness and accuracy of the final data base. The agency also
provided information, as needed, to assist in a detailed review of the point
source data for errors, inconsistencies and missing data elements.
Since New Hampshire did not maintain a current area source inventory of
the quality required for the NECRMP, it was necessary to develop this
inventory. The Agency contact played a key role in this process by directly
supplying some input data necessary for the area source calculations, and
identifying other state agencies that could provide the remaining information.
The NHAPCA contact was Mr. Thomas Noel, (603) 271-4573.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS
Summaries of the major milestones pertaining to the New Hampshire portion
of the NECRMP inventory are provided separately for the point source and area
source data, as follows:
Point Sources
Work on the New Hampshire point source inventory occurred between May and
July, 1981; the completed data were provided to EPA in September 1981. Major
milestones are identified below.
• NEDS data (1979) procured from EPA/NADB 5/12/81
• QA audit completed, lists of missing and/or questionable
data sent to Project Officer, Agency contacts 6/10/81
• Errors resolved during state agency visit 6/16/81
• Corrections reflected in completed EIS/PS master file 7/30/81
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• 1979 data adjusted to 1980 7/31/81
• Completed inventories (1979, 1980) sent to EPA 9/21/81
Area Sources
The New Hampshire area source inventory was developed by GCA during the
period between January and June 1981. While most of the effort was
concentrated between January and March, the area source inventory had to be
"balanced" with the point source data, which were not available until May.
Major events are identified below:
• Begin procurement of input data 1/5/81
• Emissions calculated by category 2/27/81
• Balance with point source data (i.e., adjust area
source totals to avoid double accounting of
overlapping point source totals) 6/1/81
• Provide completed inventory to State Agency for
concurrence 6/16/81
• Completed master file sent to EPA 2/8/82
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SECTION 3
POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
DATA PROCUREMENT
A computer tape containing the National Emission Data System (NEDS) point
source inventory for New Hampshire was procured from the Environmental
Protection Agency, National Air Data Branch (EPA/NADB) on May 12, 1981. The
NEDS tape contained 1979 data on 459 individual emission points at 316
facilities. In an earlier step^,data on certain facilities were updated
from 1977 to 1979. The criteria for including individual facilities in that
update are presented in Table 2. As a result of this effort, the data were in
relatively good shape as received, particularly with respect to the major VOC
and NOX emitters. Since New Hampshire is in attainment of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (03), the State was not required to
develop an emission inventory for State Implementation Plan (SIP) purposes.
This update, then, was undertaken specifically for the NECRMP.
TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF SOURCES INCLUDED IN PREVIOUS UPDATE
EFFORT BY POLLUTANT AND SIZE3
Minimum source size
included in update
Pollutant(s) emitted (tons/yr)
VOC and NO3. 100
VOCa only 500
NOX only 750
RACT Sources 50
CO 500
S02 and PART. 1000
Data Gaps and Inconsistencies All
3May include RACT sources.
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DATA REVIEW AND UPDATE
The 1979 NEDS file was converted into EIS/PS format using the
GCA-modified version of the EIS/PS Conversion Editor^- described previously
in Volume I. The data were then subjected to the quality assurance (QA)
measures presented in of Volume I.
One QA measure involved cross-checking the VOC sources listed in the RACT
Directory^ against those facilities included in the NEDS inventory to
identify possible omissions. Table 3 describes sources identified as being
listed in the RACT Directory, but not in the NEDS inventory, and NHAPCA's
resolution of these potential omissions.
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE SOURCES LISTED IN THE RACT DIRECTORY, BUT
NOT IN THE NEW HAMPSHIRE POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
RACT category
County
Source name
Resolution
Industrial Perchloro-
ethylene Drycleaners
Can Surface Coating
Fabric Surface Coating
Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing
Grafton
Kleen Laundry &
Drycleaning
Rockingham Continental Can
Company
Rockingham Keeger Mfg. Co.
Rockingham K. J. Quinn & Co.
Insignificant source
Insignificant source
Insignificant source
Insignificant source
A manual review was undertaken of all sources emitting more than 100
tons/yr of VOC or NOX or 500 tons/yr of any other criteria pollutant. In
addition, all "error," "conditional," or "warning" messages resulting from the
conversion of data from NEDS format to EIS/PS format were examined. Since an
extensive update of the inventory had previously been completed,-^ relatively
few additional problems were detected. Problems that were encountered were
often with sources that did not meet the Table 2 criteria and, thus, had not
been included in the earlier update. The majority of these problems involved
missing UTM coordinates and the improper use of blanks and zeros in the
control equipment and efficiency fields. For the major sources, a number of
boilers using No. 6 fuel oil were missing stack exhaust flow rates. Missing
flow rates were calculated using the following default equation:3
Flow rate (ft3/min) = (5.513 x ID*2)
/ 460 + stack
\temperature in
°F
.Kgallons of oil/hr)
aThe derivation of this equation is presented in Volume
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A list of questions and/or problems related to the New Hampshire
inventory was forwarded to the NHAPCA and a visit to that Agency was made to
resolve these questions. All corrections, additions, and deletions resulting
from that visit were coded on NEDS coding forms in compliance with the
instructions given in AEROS, Volume II." The NEDS update transactions were
edited and translated into EIS/PS update transactions using the NEDS to EIS
Conversion-Editor. The EIS/PS Masterfile was updated using the EIS/PS update
transactions and the EIS/PS Masterfile Maintenance Program. A detailed list
of the changes, additions, and deletions performed is provided in Table 4.
GROWTH FACTORS
The New Hampshire point source inventory reflected 1979 data and had to
be adjusted to 1980 for the NECRMP. GCA developed growth factors to 1980 on a
2-digit SIC basis. County-specific factors were developed for the seven SIC
codes which accounted for 90 percent of the VOC and NOX emissions in the
1979 inventory, and statewide growth factors were developed for the remaining
SICs.
Growth factors were calculated based on employment data from County
Business Patterns,''" using the following equation:
1979
79-80 Employment 1978
As shown in the above equation, employment change from 1978 to 1979 was
assumed to approximate 1979 to 1980 change. This approach was used due to the
unavailability of 1980 employment information. Table 5 presents the
county-specific growth factors used for the seven most significant SICs, while
Table 6 presents the statewide growth factors used for the remaining SICs.
Review of the results of this exercise for New Hampshire was quite
disheartening. As shown in Tables 5 and 6, calculated growth factors ranged
from 0.516 to 3.556. Examination of previous years' data revealed similar
fluctuations. It was determined that such fluctuations were not likely to
occur in actual emissions, and the reported 1979 emissions were probably a
more accurate indication of the 1980 emissions than the "adjusted" inventories
were. More accurate adjustment techniques would have required significant
additional resources and were not explored.
As a result, only 1979 data are reported here, although both 1979 and
1980 data were supplied to EPA on computer tape.
RESULTS
For reporting purposes, point source emissions for 1979 were aggregated
into 70 categories based on specific SCC-SIC combinations. A complete
description of the codes used to aggregate emissions is presented in
Volume I. For points with multiple SCCs, no attempt was made to split
emissions into more than one category. In these instances, the primary SCC
was used to account for all emissions at that point.
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TABLE 4. UPDATES MADE TO THE NEW HAMPSHIRE POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
Facility
EIS
Facility
ID
Update action taken
Belknap County (0020)
Allen-Rogers Corp.
Cheshire County (0080)
Pave Incorporated
C. L, Lane Company
Coo3 County (0140)
James River-Gorham
James River-Berlin
Nuroco
0001
0040
0045
0001
0002
0023
Grafton County (0240)
International Packings 0002
Allen-Rogers 0013
Hillsborough County (0300)
Anfrican Velcro 0049
Hudson Sand 4 Gravel OQ62
Monadnock Paper 0070
Nashua Corp. 0072
Prevue Products 0078
Triangle Pacific 0042
Batesville Gasket 0093
Hampshire Designers 0097
Crystal Cleaners 0105
Disogrin Industries OL06
Interstate Uniform 0109
Sprague Electric Gill
Sta-Hi Systems 0112
Herrimack County (0440)
N.H. Hospital 0032
Allied Leather 0036
Change estimation method
Delete erroneous HC control equip, code
Delete source
Add temperature
Delete erroneous HC control equip, code
Change facility name
Change common stacks
Add flow rate
Change SCC
Change facility name
Delete points 6, 8
Change Part control equip, code
Add Part control efficiency
Add temperature
Delete erroneous HC sontrol equip, code
Delete redundant plume data
Change HC emission estimate
Add source description
Delete erroneous space heat ".
Add UTM Coordinates
Delete redundant plume data
Delete erroneous space heat %
Change estimation method
Add UTM coordinates
Delete points 3-4
Delete redundant plume data
Delete erroneous space heat %
Change estimation method
Delete flow rate
Add plume height
Add stack data
Add boiler design capacities
Add process rates
Add temperature
Delete erroneous HC control equip, code
Add temperatures
Delete erroneous HC cantrol equip, codes
Add temperature
Add temperatures
Delete erroneous HC control equip, codes
Add temperatures
Delete erroneous HC control equip, codes
Add temperatures, flow rates
Delete erroneous control equip, codes
Add heat contents
Delete erroneous control equip, codes
Add "* annual throughout
Change Part, estimation method
Add temperatures, flow rates
Add plume height
Source is operational
No emissions
Formerly Brown & Co.
Points 1 through 3
GCA calculated
Formerly Brown & Co.
Duplicates o£ 5, 7
001—venturi scrubber
87.5%
Source is operational
Redundant information
Evaporative source
GCA-calculated flow
rates
GCA calculated :low rates
(continued)
10
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TABLE 4 (continued)
Facility
Oak Materials/
Laminates Div.
Acme Staple
Rumford Press
Rockingham County (0580)
Public Service Co-Schiller
Station
Pease AFB
Atlantic Terminal Sales
Public Service Co. -
Mewing Con
Northeast Petro
Puolic Service Co. -
Schiller Station
Union Oil
Atlantic Terrninal-
Newington
Exeter Rose Farm
Colonial Cleaners
Fuel Storage Corp.
Ideal Tape
Kings con-Warren
EIS
Facility
ID
0038
0042
0044
0012
0016
0038
0054
0055
0056
0057
0063
0065
0067
0068
0069
0070
Change fac 1 1 icy name
Add stack di ame t e r
Delete erroneous concrol equip, fields
Add temperature
Add temperature
Delete erroneous concrol equip, fields
Add UTM coordinates
Add \ throughput
Add S2
De iete point 3
Change estimation method
Delete Plume
Change UTM-Y coordinates
Add Z annual throughput
Change estimation Tiechod
Change est imation method
Add % annual throughput
Add process descriptions
Delete erroneous common stack field
Add estimation methods
Add boiler design capacity
Add S*
Add temperature
DeleCe erroneous conCrol equip, codes
Add temperature
De Iete erroneous control equip, codes
Add temperature
Add source description
Add tempera Cure
De Iete erroneous control equip, codes
Add source description
Forme rly Atlantic
Laminates
Lst meth-3
No throughput
Not c losed down
Redundant w/ stack
Not c losed down
Est meth=3
Paper coating
Metal coating
Strafford County (0640)
Davidson Rubber 0002
Davidson Rubber-Rt il 0027
Wm. J. Vickers & Son 0034
G. E. Somersworth 0035
Action Industries 0039
Claroscat Mfg. 0040
Sullivan County (0660)
Sturn Ruger 0019
Hampshire Mfg.- 0020
Claremont
Delete redundant plume data
Add source code
Add clow rates
Delete erroneous common stack fields
Delete redundant plume data
Add heat content
Add UTM Coordinates
Change source code
Add plume height
Add temperature
Delete erroneous control equip, codes
DeleCe erroneous cunCrol equip, codes
Add temperature
Add source descripCion
Add temperature
Delete erroneous control equip, codes
Add JTM coordinates and zone
Add SIC code
Add year of record
Add source code
GCA calculated
Soiler, not process
Varnishing operation
11
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TABLE 6. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATEWIDE GROWTH FACTORS (1979 TO 1980)
FOR POINT SOURCES
2-digit SIC
07
08
09
13
14
15
16
17
20
23
24
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
37
38
39
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Adjustment factor Comment
1.264
2.917 No emissions in this SIC
1.000 No emissions in this SIC
1.000 No emissions in this SIC
1.984 Very little NOX emissions only
1.060
0.972 No emissions in this SIC
1.168
1.055
0.908
1.157
1.088
1.016
3.556 No emissions in this SIC
1.098
1.092
1.205
1.139
1.267
1.120
1.381
1.102
1.146
0.829 No emissions in this SIC
1.050
1.000 No emissions in this SIC
1.136 No emissions in this SIC
1.034
1.145
1.085
1.024
1.122
1.076
1.021
1.097
1.073
1.082
0.999
1.084
1.094
(continued)
13
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TABLE 6 (continued)
2-digit SIC Adjustment factor Comment
62
63
64
65
66
67
70
72
73
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
89
Statewide
default
1.061
1.101
1.079
1.084
1.000 No emissions in this SIC
0.708
1.011
1.085
1.192
1.041
1.333
0.972
1.089
1.075
1.029
0.999
1.224
2.250
0.886
1.353
1.086
Source: GCA Calculations 1981
14
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Statewide point source emissions for 1979 are presented, by category, in
Table 7. County-specific point source emissions are presented, by category,
in Appendix A of this volume.
A list of "major" facilities was developed by totaling emissions at each
facility using a criteria of 100 tons/yr of VOC or NOX to define a major
source. These facilities, and their reported 1979 emissions for all five
criteria pollutants, are presented in Table 8.
Final Data Tape
The completed New Hampshire point source inventory was written onto
computer tape for delivery to EPA. Included on the tape, which was forwarded
on September 21, 1981, were the following files:
• Original NEDS file, as received (1979)
• Updated 1979 NEDS file (after manual updates)
• EIS/PS Master file (1979)
• EIS/PS Master file (1980)
• 1980 NEDS file
• Growth factors
• NEDS update transactions (1979)
• NEDS (1979) translated from final EIS file
Further evaluation of this inventory and improvements made can be found
in Volume XVIII.
15
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SECTION 4
AREA SOURCE INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES
The area source emission inventory task entailed (1) reviewing area
source inventories prepared by the states for technical accuracy and
consistency with EPA-prescribed procedures and (2) developing these area
source inventories where state-developed inventories were unavailable. The
major objective of this effort was to ensure that all emissions of VOC and
NOX were accounted for and that the procedures used to develop the
inventories were consistent from state to state. It was also important that
the inventories be disaggregated into sufficient categories to allow for
application of temporal and pollutant allocation factors and the evaluation of
control scenarios in subsequent modeling efforts.
METHODOLOGIES
Since New Hampshire is in attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone, the NHAPCA is not required to maintain an area
source inventory of the quality required for the NECRMP. Therefore, GCA
developed a 1980 area source inventory of VOC and NOX emissions using
state-supplied and published activity data, AP-42* and other EPA-approved
emission factors, and methodologies generally consistent with the Procedures
for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Volatile Organic Compounds—
Volume I, Second Edition."1"0
Procedures'^ lists multiple methodologies for a number of the area
source categories inventoried. To maintain consistency from state to state,
GCA selected methods, from Procedures,*•" to be used to compile and verify
all NECRMP area source emission inventories. These recommended are documented
in Volume I of this series.
Area source emissions of VOC and NOX were calculated for each county
for 54 individual categories. While the intention was to estimate total VOC,
for maximum compatibility with the regional model to be used in the NECRMP,
this was not always possible. For several area source categories, only
reactive (nonmethane) VOC emission factors were available. Table 9 presents
the 54 area source categories inventoried and designates whether the VOC
emissions inventoried in each category represent total or reactive VOC.
19
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TABLE 9. AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES INVENTORIED FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE
EIS/AS
Category No.
001
002 «
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
Oil
012
013
014
015
016
017
013
019
020
021
022
023
024
025
026
027
028
Category Description
Stage I Gasoline Evaporation
Stage II Gasoline Evaporation
Storage Tank Breathing
Gasoline Loading/Transit
Small Industrial/Commercial Degreasing
Dry Cleaning
Architectural Surface Coating
Auto Body Ref ininishing
Small Industrial Surface Coating
Graphic Arts
Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use
Cutback Asphalt
Pesticides
On-Highway Light Duty Vehicles
On-Highway Light Duty Trucks — Class I
On-Highway Light Duty Trucks — Class II
On-Highway Heavy Duty Gas Trucks
On-Highway Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks
On-Highway Motorcycles
Residential Anthracite Coal
Residential Bituminous Coal
Residential Residual Oil
Residential Distillate
Residential Natural Gas
Residential LPG
Residential Wood
Commercial /Institutional Anthracite
Commercial /Institutional Bituminous
Pollutants
inventoried
TVOC
TVOC
TVOC
TVOC
RVOC
RVOC
RVOC
RVOC
TVOC
RVOC
RVOC
RVOC
RVOC
RVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
RVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NOX
(continued)
20
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TABLE 9 (continued)
EIS/AS
Category No.
029
030
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
039
040
041
042
043
044
045
046
047
048
049
050
051
052
053
054
Category Description
Commercial /Institutional Residual Oil
Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil
Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas
Commercial /Institutional LPG
Commercial /Institutional Wood /other
Industrial Anthracite
Industrial Bituminous
Industrial Residual Oil
Industrial Distillate Oil
Industrial Natural Gas
Industrial LPG
Industrial Wood/other
Military Aircraft
Civil Aircraft
Commercial Aircraft
Railroad Locomotives
Gasoline Powered Vessels
Distillate Oil Powered Vessels
Residual Oil Powered Vessels
Off-Highway Vehicles — Gas
Off-Highway Vehicles — Diesel
Ons ite Incineration
Open Burning
Structural Fires
Field/Slash Burning
Forest Fires
Pollutants
inventoried
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NO
X
TVOC NOX
21
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Area source activity data and emission factors used to develop the New
Hampshire emission inventory originated from a number of sources. Table 10
presents a matrix of:
• The 54 area source categories inventoried
• The source activity or surrogate indicator on which emissions
estimates were based
• The source of these activity rate estimates
• The emission factors used
• The source of these emission factors
DEVIATIONS FROM THE VOLUME I METHODOLOGIES
For some area source categories, the methodologies reported in
Volume 1^ had to be modified to accommodate the source activity data
available for New Hampshire. Additionally, the quality of existing activity
data sometimes necessitated making certain assumptions or adjusting older data
to 1980. The assumptions, adjustments, and deviations from the Volume I4
methodologies are discussed below. The information supplied here is
supplemental to the general methodology description presented in Volume I.4
Gasoline Marketing Operations
Statewide 1979 gasoline sales for New Hampshire were obtained from
Highway Statistics. ^ Statewide estimates of 1980 sales were developed
based on actual 1979 sales and the FHwA predicted change for 1980.12
County-specific estimates were derived by apportioning statewide sales to
counties on the basis of the number of gasoline service stations in each
county.°
Composite emission factors were calculated for two gasoline marketing
categories, service station loading (Stage I evaporation) and tank truck
loading and transit. These factors were developed based on AP-42 factors and
the assumption that both service stations and tanker trucks are comprised of
25 percent splash loading tanks and 75 percent submerged fill tanks.^
Derivations of these composite emission factors are further explained in
Volume I.4
Cutback Asphalt Paving
Statewide use figures for cutback asphalt in 1980 were obtained from the
New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT)—Maintenance Division.^
According to the NHDOT, nearly all paving in 1980 was done with medium-cure
asphalt. -* Emissions were calculated using the procedures outlined in
Section 4.5 of AP-42. A VOC emission factor of 399 #/ton was derived using an
assumed diluent content of 35 percent. County-specific emissions were derived
by apportioning statewide emissions to counties on the basis of population in
1980.l4
22
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Pesticide Application
Data on the quantity of pesticide, including biologically inert solvent,
applied statewide in 1979 were available from the New Hampshire Pesticide
Control Board.^ At the suggestion of the Pesticide Control Board, it was
assumed that no significant change in the quantity of pesticides applied
occured between 1979 and 1980. Statewide figures were apportioned to counties
assuming pesticide application was inversely proportional to population.
On Highway Motor Vehicles
Statewide vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for 1979 were available from
the New Hampshire Department of Transportation. At the suggestion of the DOT,
no change in VMT through 1980 was assumed. County-specific VMT estimates were
derived by apportioning statewide VMT to counties based on 1980 population. 4
Emission factors were developed using the MOBILE2 emission model, and the VMT
distribution, speed, temperature and cold/hot start assumptions presented in
Volume I.4
Residential Fuel Combustion
Fuel used in the residential sector was estimated using the equations
presented in Reference 10. The number of housing units using each individual
fuel type were determined using the following equation:
Hi
80 " Hi 70
where H
= Number of housing units using fuel type i in 1980
H^ yQ = Number of housing units using fuel type i in 1970 (from the
1970 Census of Housing)
ftp QQ = Number of total housing units in 1980 (from the 1980 Census)
Hj yQ - Number of total housing units in 1970 (from the 1970 Census)
This method, used in lieu of fuel-specific data for 1980, assumes an
insignificant change in fuel mix from 1970 to 1980. The emission factor for
LPG was derived assuming a 1:1 ratio of propane to butane. Emission factors
for the remaining fuels were obtained directly from AP-42.
Commercial /Institutional and Industrial Fuel Combustion
To determine area source fuel use in the commercial/institutional and
industrial sectors, the following approach was used. Total statewide fuel use
was available for 1978 or 1979 from the sources listed in Table 10.
Historical data back to 1970 were obtained from earlier versions of the same
references. Total 1980 fuel use was estimated through linear regression of
25
-------
the 1970 to 1978/79 data. For each fuel, area source use in the
commercial/institutional and industrial sectors was calculated using the
following equation:
C/I & 'SO-X * (T80-x} - (R80-x) - (P80-x)
where C/I & ^80-x = Commercial/Institutional and Industrial area source
use of fuel x in 1980
T80-x = Total use of fuel-x in 1980 (estimated previously
through linear regression)
RgQ_x = Residential use of fuel-x in 1980 (calculated
previously)
^80-x = ?°int source use of fuel-x in 1980 (determined from
point source inventory
For residual and distillate oil, it was found that the residential and
point source use accounted for more oil than the estimated total use for New
Hampshire in 1980. This can be explained by one or more of the following:
• The 1980 predicted total oil use is an underestimate of actual use
in 1980
• The point source use of oil is overestimated in the point source
inventory
• The Reference 10 procedures for estimating residential fuel oil use
resulted in an overestimate in New Hampshire, probably due to
changes in the residential fuel mix since 1970.
Since the total oil use was based on data from two independent sources,
the Department of Energy and the American Petroleum Institute, and regressions
used to predict 1980-values had reasonable correlation coefficients (0.89 for
residual oil; 0.81 for distillate oil) there is no sound basis for discounting
the DOE and API statistics. Also, since historically over 95 percent of all
oil use in New Hampshire is attributable to the residential and point source
users,^ it was determined that assuming that essentially all oil use had
been accounted for by the point sources and residential users would not result
in signficant error. Further, assuming insignificant area source oil use
would offset somewhat the apparent overestimated use of the residential sector
due to increased supplemental wood heating since 1970. Therefore, no emissions
were attributed to commercial or industrial area source oil use.
•
Aircraft Operations
Aircraft landing and takeoff (LTD) data were available for 1979 from the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Based on historical FAA data, it was
determined that changes in the quantity of LTO operations between 1979 and
1980 in New Hampshire were probably insignificant. Therefore, 1979 data were
used as approximations of 1980 activity. Composite emissions factors for
civil, commercial, and military aircraft LTOs were obtained from EPA/NADB.l'
26
-------
Railroad Locomotives
Historical data on sales of fuel oil to railroads from 1979 to 1978 were
available from the sources listed in Table 10. The 1980 statewide use was
determined through linear regression. County-specific use was determined by
apportioning statewide use to counties on the basis of railroad right-of-way,
measured from state rail line maps. For one county, Hillsborough, significant
rail yard activity was noted and, in accordance with the Reference 10
procedures, the right-of-way mileage for that county was doubled in the
apportionment calculations.
Structural Fires
The State Fire Marshall was unable to provide the number of structural
fires in New Hampshire during 1980. At his suggestion,^0 the EPA default
value of 1 fire per 1000 population was used along with emission factors
supplied by EPA/NADB21 and the 1980 census to estimate emissions on a
county-specific basis.
DEVELOPMENT OF EIS/AS MASTER FILE
After emissions were calculated for all area source categories on a
countywide basis, the completed inventory was coded and keypunched in EIS/AS
format and subiected to the series of computerized QA checks included in the
EIS/AS System.^ The completed Master file was then manually verified for
accuracy before the finalized data were written onto computer tape for delivery
to EPA.
RESULTS
Statewide totals of 1980 VOC and NO,., emissions from area sources in New
A
Hampshire are provided in Table 11.
27
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SECTION 5
REFERENCES
1. McMaster, Larry M. Emission Inventory System/Point Source Users Guide.
EPA-450/4-80-010. May 1980.
2. McMaster, Larry M. Emission Inventory System/Area Source Users Guide.
EPA-450/4-80-009. May 1980.
3. Shah, Mahesh C., Sue Ellen Haupt, and John N. McHenry. New Hampshire and
Vermont Point Source Emission Inventory Update for NECRMP.
EPA-450/4-81-017. March 1981.
4. Sellars, F. M., M. J. Geraghty, A. M. Kiddie, B. J. Bosy. Northeast
Corridor Regional Modeling Project—Annual Emission Inventory.
Volume I: Project Approach. GCA/Technology Division, Bedford, MA for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-450/4-82-013a. August
1982.
5. Mehta, Dilip H. and John E. Spessard. Directory of Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Sources Covered by Reasonably Available Control Technology^
Requirements. EPA-450/4-80-007. February 1981.
6. AEROS Manual Series, Volume II; AEROS USERS MANUAL. EPA-450/2-76-029.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
December 1976.
7. County Business Patterns for New Hampshire, 1978. United States
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
8. County Business Patterns for New Hampshire, 1979. United States
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
9. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42 3rd Edition and
subsequent supplements, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, August 1977.
10. Lamason, William H. II, and Thomas Lahre. Procedures for the Preparation
of Emission Inventories for Volatile Organic Compounds; Vodume I, Second
Edition. EPA-450/2-77-028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, September 1980.
31
-------
11. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHwA. Highway Statistics, 1979.
12. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHwA. Selected Highway Statistics and
Charts. 1979.
13. Dickerson, C., NHDOT. Telephone conversation with Robert Green,
GCA/Technology Division, 27 March 1981.
14. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Population,
1980.
15. Kay, M. NH Pesticide Control Board. Telephone conversation with Robert
Green, GCA/Technology Division. 3 February 1981.
16. NEDS Fuel Use Report - 1978. EPA-450/4-80-028. December 1980.
17. FAA Air Traffic Activity, Fiscal Year 1979. U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. Information and
Statistics Division, Office of Management Systems. 1980.
18. Military Air Traffic Activity Report, Calendar Year 1977. U.S.
Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration.
19. Mann, Charles 0. EPA/OAQPS—NADB. Personal communication with Frederick
M. Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. March 10, 1981.
20. Sargent, John. NH Fire Marshall's Office. Telephone conversation with
John McHenry, GCA/Technology Division, 9 January 1981.
21. Mann, Charles 0., EPA/OAQPS—NADB. Telephone conversation with Frederick
Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. 3 March 1981.
32
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APPENDIX A
POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY FOR THE
NEW HAMPSHIRE COUNTIES
Table A-l presents point source emissions, by category> for each of the
New Hampshire counties, which are identified below.
County
Belknap
Carroll
Cheshire
Coos
Grafton
Hillsborough
Merrimack
Rockingham
Strafford
Sullivan
EIS/NEDS County Code
0020
0060
0080
0140
0240
0300
0440
0580
0640
0660
33
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APPENDIX B
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY FOR THE
NEW HAMPSHIRE COUNTIES
Table B-l presents area source emissions, by category, for each of the
New Hampshire counties, which are identified below.
County
Belknap
Carroll
Cheshire
Coos
Grafton
Hillsborough
Merrimack
Rockingham
Strafford
Sullivan
EIS/NEDS County Code
0020
0060
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0240
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