4401765011
                     LAND  USE-WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIP

                       DOCUMENTATION REPORT OF MODELS
                           Environmental Protection Agency

                              Washington,  D.C.  20460



                                  November 1976
                                •   :..;•«;:. ML
                               fi.  J.

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                     EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved as satisfying the
terms of the subject contract.  Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trademarks or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.

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Land Use/Water Quality Relationship;






   Documentation Report of Models




          submitted to the






U.S. Environmental Protection Agency




          Washington,  D.C.






                under




       Contract No. 68-01-2622
           November, 1976

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                    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

  DATE:  DEC o  1976
SUBJECT:   Land Use-Water Quality Relationship:  Documentation Report of Models
          
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                           Table of Contents
Chapter 1  Programming Changes to
           Link STORM and SWMM
           Introduction                                    1-1
           Modifications and Additions to STORM            1-1
           Refinements of STORM                            1-6
           Corrections of Original Version of STORM        1-6
           Interfacing STORM and SWMM                      1-7
           Changes to RECEIV, the Receiving Water
           Body Module of SWMM                             1-8
           Revisions of the User's Manuals                 1-9
Chapter 2  Sanitary Sewer-Wastewater Treatment
           Plant Capacity Evaluation
           General Description                             2-1
           Network Numbering                               2-5
           Detailed Program Description                    2-8
           Input Variable Dictionary                       2-21
Chapter 3  Cost Evaluation Module
           General Description                             3-1
           Description of the Program
           and its Subroutines                             3-5
           Hardware Requirements                           3-8
           Additions to the Program                        3-8
           Sample Run                                      3-9
           Input Variable Dictionary                       3-16

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                             List of Tables
                                                            Page

Table 1-1  Record Formats for Piles Created by STORM        1-3

Table 2-1  Numbering of Links                               2-6

Table 2-2  Renumber'ing of Links After Addition
           of Relief Sewer                                  2-8

Table 2-3  Link Characteristics                             2-9

Table 2-4  Sanitary Wastewater Flow Values                  2-10

Table 2-5  Cell Characteristics                             2-11

Table 2-6  Cell Wastewater Allocations                      2-12

Table 2-7  System Geometry                                  2-13

Table 2-8  Link Capacities and Flows                        2-14

Table 3-1  Residential Development — Test Data             3-10

Table 3-2  Sample Output:  Cost Module                      3-12


                             List of Figures


Figure 1-1  Analysis Framework for Storm Water Runoff       1-2

Figure 2-1  Manipulation of Confluences in a Tree Network   2-3

Figure 2-2  Scheme of Sewer Network for Coding              2-4

Figure 2-3  Flow Chart — Sewer Routing Module              2-15

Figure 2-4  Flow Chart of ROUTE                             2-19

Figure 3-1  Logic of Cost Evaluation Module                 3-2

Figure 3-2  Calling Sequence Program                        3-6

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                               Chapter 1

              Programming Changes to Link STORM and SWMM
Introduction

     This chapter describes in detail the programming changes necessary
to link the rainfall-runoff model STORM* with the receiving water body
module (RECEIV) of EPA's Storm Water Management Model** (See Figure
1-1).***  Additional changes were made in the models to simplify the
preparation of input data and to expand several output formats.  The
user may refer to Meta Systems' revision of pages 26-26A and 82-104 of
the STORM User's Manual for a description of the changes required in
input data  (see Revision of User's Manual pp. 1-9 ff.).
Modifications of and Additions to STORM


     Creation of Hydrograph and Pollutograph Files
     to Pass Results from STORM to SWMM

     Each of these files is fixed-length with output formats coded in
the program.  The user may specify his own logical and physical record
lengths for these files as long as the logical record length is a mini-
mum of 30 bytes for each file.  JCL must, of course, be specified for
the creation of each file.  Typical IBM JCL for a hydrograph file might
be:

//FT18F001 DD DSN=HGPH.1974,UNIT=3330,DISP=(NEW,CATLG),

//DCB=(...),SPACE=(...)

The record formats are shown in Table 1-1.
 *     Computer Program 723-S8-L2520, Urban Storm Water Runoff, The
 Hydrologic Engineering Center, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of
 the Army, Davis, California, October 1974.

 **    Storm Water Management Model, User's Manual Version II, EPA-670/
 2-79-017, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1975.

 ***   Details of the linkage are described in "Land Use-Water Quality
 Relationship," Water Quality Management Guidance Document, WPD 3-76-02,
 March 1976.

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                   SUB BASINS
                                  Modified STORM
                                                I
                      RAIN
                SIMULATION PERIOD
                     NO RAIN
                    LAND USE
                URBAN; NON URBAN
                   DUST &  DIRT
                  ACCUMULATION
             NON URBAN-POLL  LOADING
                   Till
                     RUNOFF
                    WASH OFF
     Selected
     Interval
                    STORAGE
                   TREATMENT
 Pollutograph
               Ll
                     TOTAL
                 RUNOFF; WASHOFF
L
                 SORT ROUTINE
                                Hydrograph
WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY  ROUTING
DO, BOD, SS, MPN,   N, P
                             Single Hydrographs and
                             Pollutographs for all subbasins
                             _     .       |
                                          SWMM

       Figure 1-1  Analysis Framework for Storm Water Runoff

                           1-2

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                               Table 1-1

               Record Formats for Files Created by STORM
       (a)  Hydrograph file

           Field    Field     Data
Position   Name     Length    Type
           NHOUR
           NWS
integer
integer
 Description

hour # within
given interval

watershed # within
program loop
                             Hierarchy*
                              in SORT
9
13

17
21
(b)
1

9
13

17
21


ITEEM
JSW

INTNUM
CFSOFF
4
4

4
10
Pollutograph
JTEEM

I
JSW

INTNUM
PSPLRT(I)


8

4
4

4
10


integer
integer

integer
real
file
integer

integer
integer

integer
real or
scien-
tific
time of day in hours
watershed # (used
externally)
interval #
flow in cfs

time of day in
seconds
pollutant #
watershed #
(external)
interval #
pollution rate
Ibs/day or
MPN/minute
2

3
1



2
3

4
1



*  1 = high-order.
                                  1-3

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     One hydrograph record will be generated for each hour of each
time interval modeled per watershed.  The number of pollutograph records
generated will be the product of the number of hydrograph records and
the number of pollutants modeled (maximum of six).   In our study we
allowed for 125 and 750 records, respectively.

     These files are sorted subsequent to execution of STORM in order
to be processed by SWMM.  The sort itself is described in Interfacing
STORM and SWMM  (see pp. 1-7 ff.).
     Use of Time Interval Instead of Rain
     Event for File Generation

     STORM defines an "event" to occur when precipitation causes runoff,
and performs no computations when runoff does not occur.  The occur-
.rence of runoff, however, is a function of several factors and is not
easily predictable by the analyst.  It is therefore impossible to assign
by inspection an event number in advance of a run to a given time period.
For this reason STORM was recoded to generate hydrograph and polluto-
graph information for "intervals" specified by starting and ending
times — hour, day, month, and year.  Up to 20 such intervals may be so
specified.  SWMM will analyze one such interval per run.
     Calculation oE Erosion on an Hourly Basis

     The replacement of the "event" concept by that of the "interval"
necessitated a complete receding of the computation of storm erosion.
In addition, SWMM was structured to accept input only in terms of a
rate;  pounds per day at each and every input time.  It was therefore
necessary to calculate the amount of soil eroded at each hour during a
requested time interval and convert to the specified rate:

         MLU
     E =      T' *SDR- *d-TEFF) *48000                    (1-1)
where E = erosion in pounds per day,
      T = erosion in tons,
      i = land use type,
    MLU = number of different land use types,
    SDR = sediment delivery ratio, and
   TEFF = efficiency of sediment traps.
     Addition of Eroded Material to Suspended Solids

     This was done straightforwardly on an hourly basis.  The suspended
solids, as all other pollutants, were expressed in pounds per hour and
                                   1-4

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multiplied by 24  (except for coliforms, which were expressed in MPN per
hours — see below).  This paralleled the handling of eroded soil in
SWMM's runoff and washoff module.
     Introduction of Coliforms as a Sixth Pollutant

     This was done to take advantage of SWMM's ability to handle coli-
forms.  Note the change in the format of the input F-2 card on page 88
of the User's Manual.  Default values for coliforms are those from the
SWMM User's Manual, page 48:

                  Land Use Type        MPN/gram DP

                   single               1,3 x 106
                   multiple             2.7 x 106
                   commercial           1.7 x 106
                   industrial           1.0 x 106
                   open                     0

These values are multiplied by 4.5 x 101* to convert to MPN/100 pounds DD.
Then the procedures already in STORM were applied to coliforms.  In
developing equation  (16f) to parallel equations (16a-c) found on pages
12-13 of the STORM User's Manual, however, it was noted that the coeffi-
cients of MU    and MUget as programmed in SWMM's model RUNOFF were 0
(see statements QSHD194 and RNBD35-36) which reduced equation  (16f) to

     MU  _._(t) =P  _.-(t)*EXPT                            (1-2)
       colif       colif
     Accumulation of Erosion over the Rain Interval

     Although erosion was now calculated on an hourly basis, the land
surface erosion report already in existence was not abandoned.  The
calculated erosion was therefore summed in accumulators for each defined
time interval and a report output identical to the original except for
the use of an interval number rather than an event number.
     Change in Output Format for Pollutants

     The quality analysis report illustrated on page 77 of the STORM
User's Manual was broken up into two reports (which necessitated the
allocation of another direct access device and, in general, different
device allocation numbers for the generated reports (see pages 26-26A
of the Revised User's Manual).  The first report includes columns one
through ten and two new columns described in the section following.
The second report includes columns 11 through 23.  The large magnitudes
used in calculations involving coliforms necessitated considerable re-
programming for scaling (since STORM used integer variables for this
particular report).

                                  1-5

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     The pollutographs also had to be reformatted, although the changes
made were not nearly as extensive as those above.  Interval numbers were
substituted for event numbers, and two lines were required to print one
hour's worth of information.  In other respects the formats were quite
similar when not identical.
Refinements of STORM
     Continuous Calculations of Dust and Dirt

     The amount of accumulated dust and dirt at the start of each
"event" and the amount left after washoff is printed for each "event"
as part of the first 'of the two quality reports (see above).  These
amounts are calculated by taking the calculated suspended solids before
and after each event, dividing by the ratio of SS/DD, and summing over
land use; that is:

          MSLG
     DD =  £  (P    ./F  .*100)                            (1-3)
           *-?    sus,i  p,i


where PSUS and Fp have been calculated as before (see pages 11-12 of the
User's Manual).


     Input of Land Use Data Using Acres
     Instead of Percentages

     It was found that the computation of percentages of area was quite
tedious when multiple runs were made reflecing slightly different land
use patterns.  All land use areas are now input in terms of acres and
the relevant percentages are calculated by the program.  (See the re-
vised input specifications).
     Adjustment of BOD Due to Falling Leaves During Autumn

     At the user's option, the computed available BOD during the months
of September, October and November will be multiplied by 1.1, 1.2, and
1.1, respectively.
Corrections of Original Version of STORM

     The following errors were noted during our testing procedures.
Some were corrected; others were bypassed.
                                  1-6

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     The Q-card was required by the program logic instead of being
optional as stated in the manual.  We found it easier to input a Q-card
specifying sediment traps with an efficiency of 0 than to change the
code:  those who wish to correct the coding will find the task trivial.

     Some default options stated in the manual did not in fact exist.
These included those for the variables NWSHD, COEF, and RFU.  The source
code was not changed.

     Precipitation records generated by a previous run will have been
saved on FORTRAN logical unit 12 (as described on page 29 of the User's
Manual)  only if no snowmelt computations were made.  If snowmelt computa-
tions were made, these records would be available on FORTRAN logic unit 11.

     A coding error resulted in the reading of an incorrect number of
D-2 cards when the year in references was an even non-leap year.  (Exam-
ple:  1974)

     The argument of 80 used in the call to the subroutine CORE (which
replaced the ENCODE-DECODE statements not compatible with IBM FORTRAN)
was changed to 4.  The original erroneous argument resulted in unpredict-
able results due to destruction of computer code.
Interfacing STORM and SWMM

     This part describes the routines required to sort the hydrograph
and pollutograph files generated by STORM for input to RECEIV, the
receiving water body module of SWMM.  Since development and testing took
place on an IBM 370, IBM's SORTD routines were used.  Following are the
required input cards:
                                 1+
     1.  //EXEC SORTD, REGION=72K

                   2+                3+
     2.  //S .SORTIN  DD DSN=filenamel , DISP=SHR

                    2+                3+
     3.  //S.SORTOUT  DD DSN=filename2 , DISP=(NEW,CATLG), DCB=(...),
             SPACE=(...)4+

     4. //S.SYSIN DD *

                                                               5+
     5.   SORT FIELDS=(17,4,A,9,4,A,13,4,A),FORMAT=FI,SIZE=E125

     6.   END

     7.  /*
+    Numbers refer to explanatory comments.

                                  1-7

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     8.   same as 1.

                                       3+
                                       3+
 9.  same as 2 except DSN-filenameS

10.  same as 3 except DSN=filename4

11.  same as 4.
                                                                5+
12.  SORT FIELDS=(17,4,A,1,8,A,9,4,A,13,4,A),FORMAT=FI,SIZE=E750

13.  END

14. /*


 Comments
     1.  Region size may be varied at the discretion of the user.
     2.  The procedure-name S (as in S_. SORTIN)  is installation-dependent.
         Check with the installation to ascertain the procedure-name of
         the sort-routine and substitute it for the S.
     3.  Filename^ (where n=l,2,3, or 4) is supplied by the user and
         may be any data set name that abides by IBM's conventions.
         The four files are hydrograph and pollutograph input and out-
         put.  The first sort illustrated is that of the hydrograph
         file (cards 2-7) ;  the second, the pollutograph file (cards 8-
         13):  they may be executed in either order.
     4.  In Meta Systems' test runs, files containing approximately
         60 hours'  worth of data required about three tracks on a IBM
         3330 for the hydrograph file and 17 for the pollutograph file.
     5.  Ennn is the estimated number of records in a file and may vary
         considerably.  For hydrograph files, Ennn * number of hours x
         number of watersheds; for pollutograph files, Ennn =
         Ennn,  ,      .  x number of pollutants.
             hydrograph
     Changes may have to be made to these cards if the sort routine is
to be run on a non-IBM system.  The files and the sort hierarchy are
described in Modifications and Additions to STORM above.
Changes to RECEIV, the Receiving Water Body Module of SWMM

     Meta Systems' revision of the receiving water body module allows
it to accept hydrograph and pollutograph inputs generated by STORM  (see
above).  This input may, at the user's option, be multiplied by arbitrary
constants or delayed for an arbitrary number of hours, or both.  The
+    Numbers refer to explanatory comments.

                                  1-8

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input files contain data for many different time intervals determined by
the user when the files were created.  Only one such time interval may
be selected for analysis per run of SWMM.

     The input hydrograph file is equated to FORTRAN logical unit 18
and the pollutograph file to unit 19.  Changes in the directions for
the preparation of input data are detailed below.
Revisions of the User's Manuals

     Following is a compilation of revisions to the User's Manuals for
STORM and SWMM.  Only those pages which incorporate changes to the
instructions for data preparation have been included.  The changes have
been typed on blank pages at the position of the original statements in
order to avoid any problem of identification.  The number on the bottom
of the page denotes the original page number of the respective User's
Manual.
                                  1-9

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FORTRAN Logical Unit

IN (Input variable)
   (see Cl card, P. 84)

ITAPE (Input variable)
   (see Dl card, P. 84)

11
12
               Option

Input precipitation file if not
read from cards

Input temperature file if not
read from cards

Working storage — snowmelt
computation.  May be used as
permanent storage for input
precipitation file iff ISNO = 1
(see Bl card, P. 82)

Working storage — precipitation
data.  May be used as permanent
storage for input precipitation
file iff ISNO = 0
                         STORM:  26
                             1-10

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     13 and 14                     Output files for Quality Report

     15                            Output file for Sediment Report

     16                            Output file for Pollutograph Report

     18                            Working storage — hydrograph

     19                            Working storage — pollutograph

  Files 18 and 19 are subsequently sorted and passed to SWMM (Storm
Water Management Module) for later use.
                                STORM:  26A

                                   1-11

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     It is only necessary to use a maximum of seven tape/disk units at
one time.   The rainfall/snowmelt computations need not be recomputed
for each job.  If  no snowmelt computations were specified, the working-
storage file on unit 12 may be saved and used for input on future jobs.
If snowmelt computations were specified, the file on unit 11 may be
saved.  The input data would then specify such direct input on unit 11
or 12 and units IN, ITAPE, and 12 (or 11 — they would then be mutually
exclusive) would not be necessary.  The Input Description, Exhibit 3,
describes the variables necessary to accomplish these tape/disk options.
                                STORM;   29

                                   1-12

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Bl Card (required)
                          I/O Unit
Field   Variable   Value  Required
  0

  1
NWSHD
        ISNO
        NONURB
        ISED
        IQUAL
        IEVNT
        INTNUM
            Bl
            0
            1

            0
 12
            Description

Card identification.

Number of watersheds to be analyzed.
Calls for NWSHD sequences of E through
T cards as required.

No snowmelt computations are desired.
Omit D cards.
 11      Snowmelt computations are to be made
         using D cards.

         Nonurban watershed computations will
         not be made.  Omit H, J, and K cards^

         Nonurban watershed computations will
         be performed using H, J, and K cards
         as required,

 15      No land surface erosion computations
         will be made.  Omit * through R cards.

         Land surface erosion computations will
         be made using * through R cards.

13,14    No water quality computations will be
         made.  F2 cards are still required even
         though blank.

         Water quality computations will be made.

 16      No detailed analysis (pollutograph) of
         selected events is desired.  IPOLMX
         (T2-3) will be zero.

         Detailed event analysis will be required,
         IPOLMX (T2-3) may be greater than zero.

18,19    Number of intervals to be saved on
         hydro/pollutograph files (maximum =
         20).
                                STORM;  82

                                   1-13

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B3 Cards (required if INTNUM, Bl-7, > 0)

Intervals for which hydrographs and/or pollutographs will be stored on
disk.

Field   Variable   Value                  Description

  3     INTST        +       Date  (yymmddhh)  of start of interval.

  4     INTEND       +       Date  (yymmddhh)  of end of interval.

Supply n B3 cards where n = INTNUM (Bl-7).

                                STORM:  83

                                   1-14

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Unit number for precipitation data tape/
disk.  No C2 cards are read.  Format is
same as on C2 card.

Previously generated unformatted binary
tape/disk rainfall/snowmelt records will
be used on FORTRAN logical unit 11 or 12.
(See Bl-2) Omit C2 and D cards.  This is a
time saving option in that the basic preci-
pitation and temperature data need only be
processed once.  Upon generation of a satis-
factory rainfall/snowmelt file, the tape/disk
on logical unit 11 or 12 should be saved for
future use under this option.
  STORM:  84

     1-15

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             1       Max/Min temperatures are on D2 card.




COEF         +       Degree-day melt rate coefficient.
                       STORM:  85



                          1-16

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 3     MXLG         +       Number of  land use groups modeled  (Maxi-
                           mum = default  = 5).  MXLG pairs of Fl, F2
                           cards will be  read for  land  uses as defined
                           on  Fl card.

 4     EXPTE        +       Exponent for dust and dirt washoff, equation
                            (15) in text;
                                             -  e-EXPTE*At)/At
                            *Default  =  4.6
 5      REFF         +       Street  sweeping  efficiency  (ratio of material
                           picked  up  to  the total material  on  the  street)
                           as  a decimal  fraction  (default = 0.70).

6      JSW         +       Watershed  number.  If  >  1 watershed,  their
                            numbers must be in ascending sequence.

                              STORM:  86 + 86A

                                 1-17

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0                 E2       Card identification,

1     AREA         +       Total area,  in acres,  of the  watershed.
                           Factor by which KRAIN,  rainfall array,  is
                           multiplied to obtain average rainfall
RFU          +

                     over urban area.

IQU          0       No hydrographs are to be input on G cards.
                             STORM;  87

                                1-18

-------
LAREA        +       Area, in acres, of this land group.  Never
                     enter a value of 0 if erosion is being
                     modeled; rather, eliminate the pair of
                     F1-F2 cards and reduce MXLG (El-3) accor-
                     dingly.
NCLEAN       +       Number of days between street sweeping in
                     each land use group (see Note 1 for default
                     value)

LEAFSW       1       Available BOD will be increased in September,
                     October, and November by factors of 1.1, 1.2,
                     and 1.1 respectively to account for falling
                     leaves.

             0       Available BOD will not be increased.
                       STORM;  88

                         1-19

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3-7    FRACTN(L,2-6)  +       Pounds of settleable  solids,  BOD,  nitrogen,
                             and orthophosphate, and MPN of  coliforms
                             respectively per 100  pounds of  dust and dirt.
                             See Note 1 for default  values.
                               STORM;  88A

                                  1-20

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            HI       Card identification
CN           +       Runoff coefficient for nonurban area; water
                     excess will be multiplied by this factor in
                     order to determine runoff.
                       STORMs  90

                          1-21

-------
m.  Q Card (required)

    Sediment trap data

Field  Variable  Value                      Description

  0     ICG        Q         Card identification.

  3     TEFF       +         Trap efficiency desired for the sediment
                            'detention reservoirs.
                               STORM:  95

                                  1-22

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R. Card (cont.)
Field   Variable
          PALU
          XLTH
          XS
Value                  Description

  +         Area, in acres, of this land use cate-
            gory that has the soil and slope proper-
            ties to be defined on this R card.  PALU
            values are summed for all R cards speci-
            fying the same land use and if this sum-
            mation is less than 100 percent R cards
            only sample land use in the basin and
            that sample will be expanded to include
            the entire basin by the program.

  +         The length of lot in the direction of the
            ground slope expressed in .feet.  This must
            be an average value for the percent of
            land use shown on this R card.  (Default=
            150 feet).

  +         The lot slope is entered in percent and
            for those lots sloping away from the
            street it should be a plus value.  (De~
            fault= 0).
          GCOV
            This is a cropping-management factor in %
            (see the universal soil loss equation).
            Its values are identified in that refer-
            ence. As used here it is a ground cover
            factor to ratio erosion from land having
            vegetation or some other cover to the
            erosion plot values  determined by the
            equation. (Default= 2).
                               STORM;   96

                                 1-23

-------
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1-24

-------
                       SUMMARY OF  INPUT CARDS
                     OCf
      ECVRT
        NOV
   DEC
                  'DEPRS     ,    RECVRT
                      T  JANJ   FEBl
                   MAR I   APR*  MAY!  JUN!  JUL I  AUG 1  SEP
AREA CPERV  CIMP   RFU   IQU   DVU DVUMX    WUL      ,
                 HAMEWS
 MEV
MXLG EXPTE  REFF  JSW
               JDATE.MAX.MIN.ITEMP in format 5X,I6,2I3,55X,I3
                         t 5X,I6,2I3,5E
              ITAPE IFILE IFREZ IPACK  ITMP  COEF
                  ank card indicates end of KRAIN data on cards.
                    KRAIN in format  2X.I6.24I
                t  2X,16,2413
                  (col.  3-32)
                    INTST  INTEND
             I	I       I
                       IFILE ISTART  IEND    I
            IFILE IS'
1
        NSUMR LEXT  LINE  LDATE  LHR
       NWSHD ISNO NONURB  ISH)  IQUAL IEVNT INTNUM
       Titje information for each page heading on this card.


                      Title
                     Title
                                               8
                                         10
Note:  Bars on left hand side of page indicate where revisions

       have been made.

i Required cards.  Other cards are required depending upon input options
                             STORM:   102


                                1-25

-------
                                »
              blank card indicates  end  of
              I K2 cjrds  I      I      I
                               .ON
                                     I
                   I
                                      I
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               DQN 1 NDATE
                                          I	I
                                   J	I
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                                                           I	I
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                     1
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                     RECVN
                 JAfl  FEBl   MAR I   APR I   MAY I   JUNI   Jill I   Alld SFP
CN   RFN   IQN
                                   DVN DVNHX
                      WN.EXPTN,
                                blank card  indicates
                                 G2 Icardsl      I
                              nd of
                     QU,
                    QU.
      DD   FRACTN
IM.NDUS
1
E LARE
2
A FIMF
3
STLE!^
4
1 NCLEA
5
^ LEAF
6
SW
7
8
9
10
Note:  Bars on left hand side of page  indicate  where revisions

       have been made.


A Required cards.  Other cards are required  depending upon input options.
                       STORi-i:   103


                          1-26

-------
                       Comouter
              em end-of-job  card or  another  execute
uter system end-of-job card or
card TOiTowed by A cards, etc.
                                               I	I
                                             I
                                          I	I
                         NX  IPOLMX IPLOT IPRINT.IPRTS .IFRDMX
                                I
                 I
                              I
                                    I
                    1
                          PALU   XLTH
                  XS  GCOV   ECP
                                    SDR
                         TEFF
                                  I	I
                        PALU   XLTH
                 (S  GCOV
                      ECP
XK   SDF
                  KSP
                    I
  NSG DEPTH
 _J	I
                      NSG  SLOPE
                                    1
                                 1
                     MDS   MPO  MCSC  MCSG
                        I      I      I      I
                         WF   RMI  SMEC
         Description
of soil series.
  I      I      I      I
       Comment card.  Use as many as needed within  sediment
                                                8
                                       10
A Required cards.  Other cards are required depending upon input options,
 Note:  Bars on  left hand  side of page indicate where revisions have
       been made.
                                STORIl:  104

                                    1-27

-------
If STORM-generated hydrograph/pollutograph input is used, a
data set (input file)  must be defined for each.  See above
for a detailed description of these files.
                           SWMM;   273

                             1-28

-------
If STORM--generated,hydrograph/pollutograph input is used, set
ISWCH(8) = INTNUM, the number of the requested time interval.
                         SWMM:  280

                            1-29

-------
Card Groups 22-28.  Stormwater Input —If STORM-generated hydro-
graph input is used, omit card groups 22,  24,  26,  28,  and 29
(note that ISWCH(3) must be set to 1).
                         SWMMj  283

                           1-30

-------
If STORM-generated pollutograph input is used,  this card group
is omitted.

                          SWMM:   288
                            1-31

-------
                   = 1,Spatially variable rainfall allowed.
                     Junction inflows computed using card
                     groups 23-27.  Required if STORM-      ISWCH(3)
                     generated hydrograph input is used.
aif both QUANTITY and QUALITY are punched,  the program first carries out
 quantity, then quality analysis.


                                   SWMM:  289

                                     1^32

-------
36-40   =  n, interval number requested        ISWCH(8)/
           from hydrograph input file.         INTKEQ
                       SWMM;   290

                           1-33

-------
IF NJSW = 0 ON CARD 5, SKIP TO
CARD GROUP 30.a

IF ISWCH(8) ^ 0 ON CARD 5,
SKIP TO CARD GROUP 23.
             SWMM;  298
                 1-34

-------
Card                                                      Variable Default
Group	Format	columns	Description	name	value

                     16-20    Multiplier for stormwater
                              flow,                       HFACT      1

                     21-25    Warm-up or delay factor
                              in hours,                   IWARM      0
                              IF ISWCH(8)  ? 0 ON CARD
                              GROUP 5, SKIP TO CARD
                              GROUP 25
                              IF ISWCH(8)  ^ 0 ON CARD
                              GROUP 5,  SKIP TO CARD
                              GROUP 27.
                                 SWMM:   299

                                     1-35

-------
IP ISWCH(8) ± 0 ON CARD
GROUP 5, INPUT NTIMST+2
BLANK CARDS, (SEE CARD
GROUP 23 for NTIMST),
      SWMM;  300

          1-36

-------
21-25  Weighting factor applied to STORM-
       generated pollutograph input.          PFACT      1

26-30  Delay factor in hours.                PWARM      0
                     SWMM:  302

                         1-37

-------
IF ISWCH(8) i- 0 ON CARD GROUP 5,
SKIP TO CARD GROUP 40.
               SWMM;  305

                   1-38

-------
      Table 8-1 (continued).   RECEIVING WATER BLOCK CARD DATA
Card
group  Format
                Card
                columns
Description
Variable  Default
name      value
                                                          KSELCT(l)    0
40                       Selection of pollutants to be
                         anlayzed from STORM-generated
                         pollutograph input file.

       8110       1-10     Pollutant number according to the
                         following table:

                           1   suspended solids
                           2   settleable  solids
                           3   BOD
                           4   Nitrogen
                           5   Phosphorus
                           6   Coliforms
                11-20    Second pollutant selected for
                         analysis
                                                          KSELCT(2)
                         I   (max. of 8)  pollutant
                         selected for analysis.
                                                          KSELCT(I)
                                 SWMM:   305A

                                     1-39

-------
                               Chapter  2

              Sanitary Sewer-Wastewater Treatment Plant
                      Capacity Evaluation Module
General Description
     Introduction

     Much of the network coding used and discussed below is based on
ideas developed in previous work by Meta Systems Inc.*  The link network
system is divided into a series of discrete links by defining the two
end points of each — to be called nodes — according to a set of rules.

     A node is defined where:

     1.  a link crosses a cell boundary;
     2.  a change in pipe diameter occurs;
     3.  a confluence of two links occurs; and
     4.  flows are to be monitored.

It is at these nodes that comparisons of actual flow and capacity will
be made.
     Assumptions

     Before defining the link types and describing the network numbering
scheme, a few of the assumptions of the model will be presented:

     1.  The flow capacity of each link is measured in cubic feet per
         second  (CFS) and is calculated using Manning's equation:
                                   1/2
             V =  (1.49/N)  (H)    (S) '                       (2-1)
     where:
         V = velocity in feet per second  (FPS),
         N = coefficient of roughness,
         H = hydraulic radius=(area/wetted perimeter); in our case:
             H = link radius  (in feet)/2, and
         S = link slope in feet/feet.
*     "A Program for Simulation of Acid Mine Drainage in a River Basin,"
prepared by Meta Systems for the Appalachian Regional Commission, 1969.

-------
     From this:

             Q = V x A                                      (2-2)

     where:

         Q = capacity flow in CFS,
         V = velocity in FPS, and
         A = cross-sectional link area in square feet.

     2.  It is assumed that the total wastewater generated within a
         cell is uniformly distributed throughout that cell.

     3.  Each link in the system is assigned a percentage of the flow
         generated in the cell in which the link is located'.  It may
         be found that no drainage links have been allocated to certain
         cells.  In this case a link (or links) may be chosen or newly
         defined so as to receive the cells' flow.

     4.  This assigned flow drains into the link in a continuous, but
         not necessarily uniform, fashion for the length of the link.

     5.  On the basis of the above assumption, capacity checks will oc-
         cur only at the downstream node of each link.

     6.  Nothing is suggested concerning detailed layout and hydraulic
         design of relief sewers.  This omission is based on the multi-
         plicity of technical factors,  many external to the model, which
         would play an important role in any such statement.  When an
         overcapacity flow occurs, the planner, among the many choices,
         may select an independent branch of links, or a relief inter-
         ceptor.  In either case the technical assistance of a sanitary
         wastewater engineer will be needed to help determine exact
         location, pipe diameters, minimal velocity requirements, and
         characteristics.

     7.  To. account for the temporal variation of flows, we have used
         Babbitt's equation* to relate the ratio of peak average flow
         to tributary population equivalents:

             r = 5/(p)'2 for 1 <_ p <_ 410

         and r = 5     for p < 1                            (2-3)

         and r = 1.5   for p > 410

     where p is population in 1,000's and r is the ratio.
*     H.E. Babbitt, and E.R. Boumann, Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, 8th
Edition, New York:  John Wiley and Sons, 1958; see also Working Paper
No. 3, p. 36.
                                  2-2

-------
8.  A peak flow adjustment vector is required for the land uses
    to implement sensitivity analysis.  By increasing or decreasing
    the average flow by land use, the sensitivity of capacity uti-
    lization to each land use can be explored.

The following types of links are recognized by the model:

1.  Starting link — a beginning link of a branch in the network;

2.  Continuing link — all links lacking the attributes of a
    starting, junction, terminal, diversion or pump main link;

3.  Junction link — the link formed by the confluence of two up-
    stream links.  The program handles confluences of only two
    links.  In order to simulate the confluence of three (or more)
    links it is necessary to manipulate the model by introducing a
    series of confluences, each of two links, as shown in Figure
    2-1.  The linear distance of link number 3 can be made negli-
    gibly small so that the net effect is that of a triple conflu-
    ence into link number 5.
  Figure 2-1  Manipulation of Confluences in a Tree Network

4.  Terminal link — final link of the system network, emptying
    into a treatment plant or pumping station.  Each system must
    have exactly one terminal link.  Unlike junction links, more
    than two upstream links may flow into the terminal link.  How-
    ever, in order to accomplish this a few restrictions govern:

    a.  There can be only one discrete, fixed node of intersection
    between the terminal link and an upstream link.  In general
    a system is best arranged with only one link entering the

                             2-3

-------
         Figure  2-2   Scheme of Sewer  Network for Coding
LEGEND'
        Cell Identification number
        Link identification and flow direction
        Denotes division of links
         a)  junction  intersection
         b)  crossing  cell lines
         c) change in link diameter
         d)  test  points
        Denotes a non-fixed  point of link intersection
         a) diversion  links
         b)  relief links leading  into terminal  link
                                     2-4

-------
         terminal link  (as in Figure 2-2), considering only the original
         system of links 1-8), with additional links being used to repre-
         sent relief sewers.

         b.  Any additional links draining into the terminal link must
         have non-fixed points of intersection; otherwise the terminal
         link would constantly have to be redefined as a series of junc-
         tion links.

         c.  The numbering rule that applies to the incoming branches of
         junctions must be followed (explanation below).

     5.  Diversion links — a relief sewer designed to carry the over-
         capacity flow and a fixed percentage of the full capacity link
         flow from the upstream link it intersects.*  The percentage
         may be fixed such that minimum flow velocities are achieved.
         The decision to have non-fixed points of intersection between
         diversion links and the upstream link arises from the fact that
         the program measures only the end of link flows and thus has no
         way of knowing at exactly what point in the link the overflow
         occurs.  However, this convention serves two functions.  It
         enables the planner to freely place diversion links in the sys-
         tem and measure resulting flow without a detailed layout provi-
         ded by the engineer (once the design to place a diversion link
         is made then the engineer may be consulted for details).  In
         addition, as with terminal links, this convention eliminates
         the need to divide the upstream link.

     6.  Pump main link — a link carrying into the system flows gener-
         ated from an external source, for example from a pumping station.
Network Numbering

     Having been defined by type, the links are now numbered in a fashion
similar to that used in the report cited above.**  A NEXT vector, contain-
ing the identification number of the next downstream link, and an ITYPE
vector, indicating the type of link, are used in the program logic for
defining the network structure.  This method allows for:

     1.  an arbitrary assignment of identification numbers to the links
         except for first links of branches leading into the terminal
         and junction links; and

     2.  an internal network ordering such that link flow capacities and
         actual flows can be calculated in one pass of the system each.
*     Note:  if a relief sewer consists of several links, only the first
link would be designated as a "diversion" link.

**    Meta Systems op. cit.

                                  2-5

-------
     Links 1 through 8 in Figure 2-2 would have NEXT and ITYPE vectors
as appear in Table 2-1;

                    Table 2-1   Numbering of Links
Link ID
NEXT
ITYPE
1
7
2
2
4
1
3
5
1
4
7
2
5
1
2
6
0
4
7
8
3
8
6
2
     The rules for numbering links are as follows:  If there are I links
in the network, link identification numbers must run from i=l to I.  The
numbering need not be consecutive except for the first link of the second
branch that flows into a junction link.  In the case of a terminal link
with j inflowing .branches, the first link of each consecutive branch from
2 to j must be the next higher integer from the immediate upstream link
of the last branch flowing into the terminal link.

     Consider the network system comprised of links 1-8 in Figure 2-2.
Starting with link 3 the numbering proceeds to link 5, link 1, and then
7, which is a junction link.  The numbering rule specifies that before
link 7 is examined the next link to be considered must be that one with
the next higher integral identification.  In this case the program can-
not route from link 1 to 7  until the left-hand branch is accounted for,
whereupon the branch which starts at link 2 becomes the next link in
the sequence.  From link 2 the routines then moves to link 4, and then
to link 7 where the junction is now satisfied because both incoming
branches are completed.  Link 7 then leads to link 8 and link 6, the
terminal link of the system.
     Data Collection and Input

     This section provides an overview of the data that will have to be
collected.

     1.  For each link the following characteristics are required:

         a.  link identification number
         b.  next link — identification of next downstream link
         c.  type link — identification of link type
         d.  diameter in inches of the link
         e.  length in feet of the link
         f.  slope of the link (feet per 1,000 feet)
         g.  Manning's roughness coefficient of the link — a default
         value of .013 is assigned*
*     G.M. Fair, J.C. Geyer, and'D.A. Okun, Water and Wastewater
Engineering, 1969.

                                  2-6

-------
         h.  infiltration coefficient of the link — in gpd/inch dia-
         meter/mile — a default value of 450 is assigned.*

     2.  For each cell and each of the four periods (T, T+10, T+25,
         T+50), the total population or population equivalents are
         required for six land use types.**

         a.  single family — low density
         b.  single family — high density
         c.  multi-family
         d.  commercial
         e.  industrial
         f.  open-space and recreational,

     3.  The expected wastewater generation in gallons per capita per
         day is required by land use.

     4.  Peak flow adjustment factors by land use for sensitivity
         analysis.

     5.  Percentage of cell wastewater allocated to each link.

     6.  The type of unit, treatment plant or pumping station and its
         capacity in CFS, receiving flows from the terminal link.
     Output

     Returning to our original system of links 1-8 (Figure 2-2) we may
find that after running the program for various development projections
an overcapacity flow constantly occurs at link 5, and that the planner
decides to check what the impact would be if a relief sewer consisting
of links 9, 10, and 11 is chosen to remedy the situation.  At the same
time a pump main, link 12, is added to help drain some external area
now that the capacity of the system's right-hand branch has been in-
creased by the addition of the relief sewer.

     In addition to the necessary new data to be collected, the NEXT and
ITYPE vectors would have to be changed to those as appear in Table 2-2.
*    Design and Construction of Sanitary and Storm Sewers, ASCE-Manuals
and Reports on Engineering Practice, No. 37, 1970.

**   The population equivalents for commercial, industrial, and open-
space, recreational land uses should be based upon the wastewater flow
value (gpc/d) assigned to one of the land uses; for example, single
family low density.
                                  2-7

-------
                              Table 2-2

         Renumbering of Links After Addition of Relief Sewer
LINK ID
NEXT
ITYPE
1
7
2
2
4
1
3
' 5
2
4
7
2
5
1
2
6
0
4
7
8
3
8
6
2
9
11
5
10
6
2
11
10
2
1?
3
6
     Adding these new links creates only a minimal change in the exist-
ing input data.
     Results of Sample Run.  Tables 2-3 to 2-7 illustrate checking and
display of sample input (discussed above) for validity.  Output for the
resulting system in Table 2-8 displays minimum capacity of the sewer
network and of the waste treatment plant, their actual utilization at
various future points in time and overflow of network link as well as
overutilization of the treatment plant.
Detailed Program Description

     This part consists of four sections.  Immediately below is a sum-
mary of the hardware required to execute the program.  This summary is
followed by a generalized flow diagram of the entire module, to give
an overview of its structure (Figure 2-3).   Then come descriptions of
the main program and each of the subroutines it calls, with (in one case)
an accompanying flow chart.  The final section is an input variable dic-
tionary, which contains every variable input to the module from cards,
     Hardware Requirements

     This program is written in IBM FORTRAN G.  The catalogued procedure
used at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (where development
and testing were done) to invoke the FORTRAN compiler required 106K bytes;
catalogued procedures at other installations may have different require-
ments.  48K bytes (exclusive of I/O buffers) are required for execution.
It is recommended that a minimum of 4K bytes be added to I/O buffering,
which could result in a requirement of 52K bytes for execution.  Execu-
tion time of the IBM 370/168 in a multiprogramming environment for a
typical test run was 32 seconds.  One card reader and one line pi-inter
are required.
                                  2-8

-------
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                          I —
                          t- t-    OOOOOOOOOCtJC
                          2-9

-------
                       Table 2-4
          SANITARY  V.ASrt-hATTR  ROW  VALITS
                   l.ANP USE                          GPC/H

SIN'GLF1 FALMIY (ITU CFNSI1Y)	        100.0
SINGLE FAMILY (HIr,H TENSITY)	         80.0
          Pf-AK FLHlN ACJUSTMfNT FACTORS
STNCLt cAtr-1IY  (L')W OfNSITY)	    1.00
SINTl r- r^lLY  (UGH  PTNSIIY)	    l.OO
M Ul T I - c A M [ L.Y	    I.00
CDMMFRO TAL	    1.00
INntjSTRI AL	,	    -V.OO
OPFN  SPACF  - RFCRFATinN	    1.00
                           2-10

-------
      Table 2-5
C^LL  CMfcACTERISTICS
C^LL ID
PC^SF'IT CM«F T' i^0 PSCJECTEO
POPULATION n3
POPULATION EQUIVALENTS
SINGLE FAMILY (LCN DENSITY)

1
2 	
3
4
5
6

C.= LL 10
T T+10
640 640
_2CO — 	 250
2CO 250
0 0
1 0
0 0

PRESFNT {TIME Tl AND PROJECTED
T + 25
640
400
250
0
0
0

POPULATION OR
SINGLE FAMILY (HIGH CENS

I
2
1
4
c
6
CFLL to
T . .. TvlO
0 0
0 0
940 °00
0 0
0 0
T 0
PP=$FNT (TI^E T) C.NO PKHJfECTEO
T+25
0
0
gon
0
0
0
POPULATION 09
T*50
640
640
250
J
0
0

POPULATION ECUI-VJ-LeNTS-
ITY) _ 	 . 	
. T*50 	
a ...-.-
0
940 	 -
0
0 . 	
T
PD°ULATinN EQUIVALENTS
MULT l-FAMILV

1
2 -
3
4
5
6
T T+l-0
0 0
c - - ._ .a
1000 1100
0 0
0 0
0 0
T + 25
0
J
1200
0
0
0
T+50
0
•j ._ .
1300
0
0
0
        2-11

-------
                           Table 2-6
                CFLL  VJASTfWATER. ALLOCAT TCNS
I INK ID      ASSOCIATFC CFLL ID      PERCENT OF ASSOCIATED
                                      CELL FLCW INTO LINK

    1                 3                       40
    2                 1                      100
    3                 2                      100
    4                 3                       40
    5                 4                       50
    65                       HO
    73                       ?0
    8                 5                       20
    o                 A                       50
   10                 5                        0
   11                 6                       50
   122                        0
                              2-12

-------
                     Table  2-7
                        SYSTE'*  GECMETPV
              LINK  10
                          LINK  fYPc
1
2
3
4
	 5.. _ .
6
7
8
. - 9
10
	 1X_ 	
It
CCi\T INUING
ST APT IMG
CTf'TINUlNG
CCNTINUING
CLNTINUING
TERMINAL
JUNCTION
CCNT INIJ1NG
QIVFRSICN
f r NTI VJI NG
CC^T INUING . .. .
PIJ^P MAIN
-f
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LIST CF  PUMP  MAIN LINKS

NUMBER     IDENTIFICATION
   1             12
                               FLCV  IN  LINK
                                    l.'JOC
                      FLCWS  BEGINS AT LINK   12

                      NAL LINK 10  IS    6
                        2-13

-------
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                                                                      2-14

-------
            Figure  2-3


                 Plow Chart

            Sewer Routing Module
 Input:
          Sewerage network characteristics
          by link
       2. Land use population or popula-
          tion equivalents for present
          (Time-T), T+10,  T+25, T+50
          (single family - low density
          single family -  high density
          fflulti family
          commercial
          industrial
          open-space - recreation)
       3. Expected gallons per capita/day
          wastewater generated by land use
       4. Percent allocation of cell waste-
          water to links
       5. Peak flow adjustment factors
         Reconstruct Network Geometry
Calculate maximum flow capacity of network by
link (using Manning's equation)
      Input year (T,  T+10,  T+25,  T+50)
      against which system will be checked
          Route sewage through system
          recording quantity of flow
Print location and amount of overcapacity flows
 Print, by link,  maximum flow capacity,  actual
 flows, percent utilization,  cumulative  over-
                   flows
               2-15

-------
       no
End
               Figure 2-3 (continued)

                       Flow Chart

                 Sewer Routing Module
                         ©
             Print percent capacity
             utilization of treatment
             facilities or pumping station
               Input another check year
                 NO
End
of
run
Decision to add new or
relief links to system
                            yes
©
                                          yes
                                             1
                         Change and/or add
                         appropriate input
                               data
                                              ©
                       2-16

-------
     Program Description


     Main Program.   Functions:

     a.   Dimensions;  and specifies the variables which will be in COMMON.

     b.   Assigns the logical unit numbers for the card reader and line
     printer — the only two input/output devices used by the program.

     c.   Reads in the status desired for the debugging option.  This
     option ON causes to be output intermediate variable values and
     would be of use to the professional programmer who is altering the
     logic of the program.   Under normal circumstances the program would
     be  run with this option OFF.

     d.   Initiates  the execution of all other program segments through
     a series of CALL statements.

     e.   Reads in the planning  horizon (scenario)  against which the
     system is to be checked (card type 11).*


     Subroutine IDAPG.  Functions:

     Numbers pages  and prints identification comments on the top of each
output (card type 2).


     Subroutine INDATA.   Functions:

     a.   Reads input data (card types 3-10).

     b.   Assigns appropriate variable default values.

     c.   Checks actual numbers  of diversion and pump main links against
     maximum allowed.  If there are too many, an error message is printed
     and execution  terminated.


     Subroutine OUTDATA.   Functions:

     a.   Prints the input data.

     b.   Converts,  by link,  the infiltration rate from gpd/inch diameter/
     mile to gpd/mile.
     These card types refer to the input data,  as listed below.
                                  2-17

-------
     Subroutine KECONS.  Functions;

     Attempts to reconstruct the network system geometry, as defined
by the input data, by checking:

     1.  the actual number of starting, junction, continuing, and
         terminal links against the maximum number allowed for each; and

     2.  that the actual numbering scheme is consistent with the number
         rules.

Any violation of the above checks results in an error message and pro-
gram termination.
     Subroutine GEOPRT.  Function:
     Prints the system geometry in tabular form.
     Subroutine ROUTE.  Functions:

     a.  Calculates the flow capacity of each link (in CFS).

     b.  Given the scenario calculates the actual flow at each link's
     downstream node,

     c.  Calculates percent utilization by link.

     d.  Records overcapacity flows and cumulative overflows.

     This subroutine, in which the routing of flows is modeled, is by
far the most complex in the program.  For each run of the program ROUTE
is executed once to determine link capacity flows and then once for each
scenario input, calculating the actual flows.  A sizeable portion of
the routine is devoted to the creation of an internal ordering of links,
using the NEXT and ITYPE vectors, such that all links in the network
system can be checked in one pass.   The remainder of the routine con-
sists of two sections — one to calculate capacity flows and the other
to calculate actual flows.

     Figure 2-4, a flow chart of ROUTE, indicates important details.
Following are definitions of variables referred to in the flow chart,
while a complete list of input variables is presented at the end of the
chapter.

     ISL     = identification number of the link at which the system
               routing begins

     I       = identification number of the present link in the system
                                  2-18

-------
          Figure 2-4

    Flow  Chart: of ROUTE
                            Calculate
                        Total population/population
                        equivalents of  JCELL
                        Babbit's Ratio
                        Total amount of flow
                        entering link I  from JCELL
                        End-of-link flow for link I
                        Percent utilization
   Type
 of immediate
downstream I
   NXTL)
                              Is
                            link I
                         the last I ink of
                      the last branch enter
                         ing link NXTL
                              7


According to
numbering
rule
I =1+1


                                No
              2-19

-------
NXTL    =  the identification number of the link immediately
           downstream from link I

LB4     =  the identification number of the link immediately
           upstream from link I

LKT     =  counter for the number of links thus far encountered

NLINKS  =  total number of links in the system

JCELL   =  identification number of the cell in which link I is
           located.


Subroutine CAPPRT.  Functions:

a.  Prints capacity utilization data.

b.  Prints capacity utilization of treatment plant pumping station.
                             2-20

-------
Input Variable Dictionary
Card   Variable     Card
Type     Name      Columns
         FORMAT
               Comments
       IDEBUG
       IDCARD(I)
       NLINKS
       NCLS
       NITL
1-80
1-3
4-.6
7-9
          II
 80A1
 13
 13
 13
Debug option -  (prints
intermediate output)
  =0  - option off
  =1  - option on

Identification card -
up to 80 characters -
to be printed on the
top of each page

Number of links in
the system  (maximum
of 20)

Number of cells in
grid  (maximum of 10)

Number of links flow-
ing into the terminal
link
       ISL
1-3
 13
       ITYPT
       TREAT(I)
2-22
          II
3F7.2
Identification number
of link at which
routing of flows will
begin

End of terminal link
collector
  =0  - pumping sta-
         tion
  =1  - treatment
         plant

If ITYPT = 0:
  input into TREAT(l)
  the pumping station
  capacity in CFS

If ITYPT = 1:
  input into TREAT(I)
  the following treat-
  ment plant capaci-
                            2-21

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
 Cards
Columns
FORMAT
               Comments
                                         ties  in CFS
                                         TREAT(1)  =  primary
                                         TREAT(2)  =  secondary
                                         TREAT(3)  =  tertiary

Input one card type 6 for each link  in  the  system.   Card
type 6 must be input in ascending order as  ID goes  from
1 to NLINKS.
       ID
       NEXT(I)
             1-3
             4-6
       ITYPE(I)
       LDIAM(I)
             8-9
 6

 6
       RUFCOF(I)
           13
           13
                       II
           12
LENGTH(I)    10-14      15

SLOPE(I)     15-20    F6.5
             21-24    F4.3
       INFIL(I)
             25-28
           14
         Identification number
         of link

         Identification number
         of the link immed-
         iately downstream
         from link ID

         Link type
         = 1 - starting link
           (max # = 4)
         = 2 - continuing link
           (max # = 15)
         = 3 - junction link
           (max # = 6)
         = 4 - terminal link
           (max # = 1)
         = 5 - diversion link
         = 6 - pump main link

         Link diameter in
         inches

         Length of link in  feet

         Slope of link  (feet
         per 1000 feet)

         Roughness coefficient
         of link - if no  value
         is input a default
         value of .013 is ass-
         igned

         Infiltration factor  of
         link in gpd/inch dia-
         meter/mile - if no
         value is input a def-
         ault value of 450  is
         assigned
                            2-22

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
 Cards
Columns
FORMAT
Comments
       LPCNT
             29-31
           13
         For diversion links
         only - percentage of
         full capacity of up-
         stream link flow ent-
         ering the diversion
         link
       LINKUP
             32-34
           13
         For diversion links
         only - ID of the up-
         stream intersected
         link
       FMLF
             35-42    F8.3
       WASTEF(LU)   1-27
                       3F9.1
       IPE
             28
          II
       PKADJF(LU)
             1-36
          6F6.2
         For pump main links
         only - amount of flow
         in CFS entering link
         from some external
         source

         Waste flows assigned
         to land uses  (gpl/
         day)
         WASTEF(l) =- flow for
           low density single
           family
         WASTEF(2) = flow for
           high density single
           family
         WASTEF(3) = flow for
           multi-family hous-
           ing

         The land use type upon
         which population equ-
         ivalents for commer-
         cial, industrial and
         open-space and rec-
         reation are based
         = 1 - single family -
               low density
         = 2 - single family -
               high density
         = 3 - multi-family

         Peak flow adjustment
         factors by land use
         for sensitivity analy-
         sis
         PKADJF(l) = single
          family-low density
                           2-23

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
 Cards
Columns
FORMAT
      Comments
                                       PKADJP(2) = single
                                        family-high density
                                       PKADJP(3)
                                        family
                                       PKADJP(4)
                                       PKADJF(5)
                                       PKADJP(6)
                                          = multi-

                                          = commercial
                                          = industrial
                                          = open-space
                                        —recreation

There are six  (one per  land  use)  type 9 cards for each cell
in the grid.   Their  ID's  must  be  input in ascending order
from 1 to NCLS.
       ID
             1-3
       NCELLS(I,J)   4-40
           13       Identification number
                    of  cell

           419      For cell  I (I=ID) the
                    population (or popu-
                    lation equivalents)
                    for the  four  time
                    periods  (present =
                    time  T)
                    NCELLS(I,1)  = values
                     for  T
                    NCELLS(I,2)  = values
                     for  T +  10
                    NCELLS(I,3)  = values
                     for  T +  25
                    NCELLS(I,4)  = values
                     for  T +  50
Input one type  10  card  for each link in the system.   Their
ID's must be  input in ascending order from 1 to NLINKS.
 10
 10
 10
ID
 1-3
IALOCT(I,1)   4-6
IALOCT(I,2)   7-9
 13
            13
            13
Identification number
of link

ID of cell in which
link I  (I=ID) is
located

Percentage of cell
ID's wastewaters  that
drains into  link  I
There may be  up  to  four  type 11 cards in a single  run
                            2-24

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
 Cards
Columns
FORMAT
Comments
 11    IPHOR        1          II       Planning horizon or
                                       scenario against
                                       which  system capacity
                                       is  checked
                                       =0  - present (time
                                         T)
                                       =1  - T + 10
                                       =2  - T + 25
                                       =3  - T + 50

A sentinel card such as the  IBM /*  indicating end of data
is required by the program.
                            2-25

-------
                                Chapter 3

                         Cost Evaluation Module*
General Description

     The cost evaluation module is designed to estimate costs incurred
by added development within a community and to provide an allocation of
capital and operation and maintenance costs to those groups sharing the
project's costs.  By varying the cost allocation schemes, a planner is
able to generate a range of financial impacts over time on the community.
The current version of the model has provision for calculating the impact
of the following environmental infrastructure cost types (index = j):

     1.  on-site wastewater disposal;
     2.  sanitary sewer laterals;
     3.  sanitary sewer building connections;
     4.  sanitary sewer trunks/mains;
     5.  storm sewer laterals;
     6.  stormwater detention ponds;
     7.  storm sewer trunks/mains;
     8.  sewage treatment plant(s).

A general logic diagram of the module is presented in Figure 3-1.

     Regardless of the infrastructural cost types j to be estimated, a
set of community and development characteristics is required as input:**

     a.  Projected population/population equivalents of the community
         for six land uses, for four time periods — the present (time T)
         and 10, 25 and 50 years into the future:

         1.   single family — low density;
         2.   single family — high density;
         3..  multi-family;
         4.   commercial;
*    Detailed description of the module is given in Chapter 6 of Land Use-
Water Quality Relationship, Report prepared by Meta Systems Inc for U.S.
EPA under contract #68-01-2622; published by EPA's Water Planning Division
WPD 3-76-02, March 1976.

**   It should be noted that some of the data is deliberately in formats
compatible to the sewer capacity evaluation module  (Meta Systems Inc, ibid.),
because this module complements that module by analyzing the associated
financial impacts.

-------
           Figure 3-1




Logic of  Cost Evaluation Module
       [INPUT FIXED DATA I
r r INPUT COST TYPE >
TO BE EXAMINED
t
' t , t *


1 ONSITE * SANITARY 3 SANITARY 4 SANITARY
DISPOSAL SEWER SEWER SEWER
LATERALS BUILDING MAINS/TRUNKS
1 	 TffisT 	 1 	 ' CONNEXIONS |
ITYPEJ- 1 1 1
*

"" KJH tACH COS

COST FUNCTION—* COST FUNCTIC
TOTAL CAPITAL COST AVERAGE^ ANNU



T TYPE

)N 	 «-
AL


t |
s STORM 6 5TORMWATER T SI
SEWER 5ETENTION §
LATERALS 'ONOS M
1,1-


1

1 	 N2<^fe8>YE3 .AN
1 ^X. 7 ^"^ U"
J ^xj^ RE
Ii

COST ALLOCATIONS
ACCORDING TO FIXED
SHARING SCHEME
	 t_
1 1
| FEDERAL GOV'TJ |STATE GOV'T |
1 J

CAPITAL COSTS
PAID IN ONE SUM PROPERf YL 	 -
\ TAX r
0»M COSTS 1
PAID YEARLY A 5 A t
PERCENT OF TOTAL
ANNUAL 0*M COST
FOR
OUTPUT FEDERAL BV L
AND STATE GOV'T




J
[LOCAL GOV'T! oev
. 	 1 	 . COI
BY E.ACH MECHANISM 	

	 t 0QI\



1
D ISSUE j 	 ^USER CHARGE

l
OUTPUT
CAPITAL AND 0*M COSTS 	
AND USE IN
t /YEAR
$/$IOOO ASSESSED VALUES
$ / 1OOO GALLONS WASTEWATER


<
^
ANOTHE^vNO OUTPUT SUMMAR
OST^TYPEx* " TABLES
_JYES

t i
PORM 8 SEWAGE
EWER TREATMENT
WNS/TRUNKS PLANT
J

ST FUNCTION — *
NUAL 0»M COSt
TIL FULL CAPACITY
ACHED
4

\
ELOPERS
4SUMER)

SPECIAL
ASSESSMENT
|
| |
i OF COSTS '
L j
I
	 l
i 	 .[So]

               3-2

-------
        5.  industrial;
        6.  open space — recreational;

    b.  the expected gallons per capita per day of wastewater generated,
        by land use;

    c.  present and projected assessed property values of the community
        by land use for the four time periods T, T+10, T+25, T+50;

    d.  projected assessed property values of the proposed development
        by land use for the four time periods T, T+10, T+25, T+50;

    e.  the numbers and kinds of residential structures to be construc-
        ted in the proposed development;

    f.  expected number of persons per household for the various resi-
        dential dwellings within the proposed development;

    g.  interest and discount rates to be used in calculating the cost
        streams.

    In addition to this data, development characteristics will be re-
quired by the individual cost types j to satisfy the cost functions.
The details of such input are included in the Input Variable Dictionary
(see last section of this chapter).

    For each cost type j there will be a maximum of up to four groups
£ sharing the costs:

        H = 1 — developer;
        £ = 2 — local government;
        £ = 3 —r state government;
        SL = 4 — federal government.

    Having defined the cost types to be studied, the planner decides on
a cost allocation scheme based upon local practices, and state and
federal cost sharing programs.  Thus, for each cost type j, input vec-
tors will be required indicating the percent share of the capital costs
(k=l) and the operation and maintenance costs (k=2) to be allocated to
each group £.

    From this point otj^, the share of cost in dollars of cost compon-
ent k, for cost type j , to be allocated to group £, is calculated.  The
assumptions made concerning the cost calculations and allocations are:

    1.  all operation and maintenance costs are in average annual cost
        except for sewage treatment plants (j=8), for which annual
        operation and maintenance costs vary in accordance with the
        capacity utilization of the plant and so are calculated on a
        yearly basis until full capacity is reached;
                                  3-3

-------
     2.   any financing of capital costs by the federal or state govern-
         ments will be realized in one payment at the beginning of the
         construction period;

     3.   any financing of operation and maintenance costs from the
         federal or state government will be realized as an annual fixed
         percentage of the costs;

     4.   within the local government costs may be further broken down
         by the method in which funds are raised to finance the project:

         a.   special assessment — a one-time charge is assessed against
         the property owners of the development in dollars per $1,000
         assessed value;*

         b.   bond issue — the community may decide to float a bond
         issue in order to finance the cost type.  The revenues required
         to then pay off the bond issue will be raised in two ways:

         (1)  property taxes — the additional tax per $1,000 assessed
             property values that will be paid by each land use over
             the bond issue payback period;

         (2)  user charge — given the total amount of revenues to be
             raised by user charges, the equivalent dollars per capita
             and dollars per 100 gallons of wastewater generated are
             computed by land use.

         Required input for the bond issue mechanism includes the pay-
         back period, the percentage of the bond issue to be financed
         by property taxes and user charges, the percentage of each to
         be paid by the six land uses and, for the capital costs fin-
         anced with this mechanism, the annual rate of increase in
         the amount paid back each year;**

     5.   costs borne by the developers will generally be passed on to
         the consumers within the development in the same fashion as a
         special assessment by the local government.
***
*    Note:  assessed values are obtained from straight line interpo-
lation between time periods.

**   If the annual rate of increase in the amount to be paid back is
zero, the annual payback is constant.

***  If the housing market is highly competitive, or developers in near-
by locations do not have to pay as much, the developer may absorb part
of the costs to remain competitive.

                                  3-4

-------
Description of the Program and its Subroutines

     Each subroutine of the current version is listed and explained
below:

     Main Program

     Functions:

     a.  defines, through a series of COMMENT cards, the variables
         and arrays of COMMON;

     b.  reads in the infrastructure cost type j's to be estimated;

     c.  reads in the associated percent allocations to each group ij

     d.  serves as a calling program for nearly all subroutines  (see
         Figure 3-2).


     Subroutine FIXDATA

     Function:

     Reads in data that is required by the program regardless of the
cost types to be estimated.


     Subroutine FIXOUT

     Function:

     Prints portions of the data read in FIXDATA.


     Subroutine PAVPYR

     Function:

     Calculates the population and assessed property values by land
use for. each year.  A method of linear interpolation is employed
between the four input points:  present; +10 years; +25 years; +50
years.

     The following subroutines are those used to compute capital costs
and operation and maintenance costs of each (infrastructure) cost type
j.*  Each of the subroutines reads in data required for the cost
*    The equations presently used in each subroutine are fully derived
and referenced in Meta Systems'  report (ibid.).

                                •  3-5

-------
       Figure 3-2




Calling Sequence Program
           3-6

-------
estimation functions, computes the costs and places them in COMMON for
use by the allocation, finance mechanisms, and output routines.
Liberal use of COMMENT statements provides easy correspondence between
variables defined in the report and the associated variable names in
the program.
     Subroutine CTJ1

     On-site disposal.


     Subroutine CTJ2

     Sanitary sewer laterals.


     Subroutine CTJ3

     Sanitary sewer building connections.


     Subroutine CTJ4

     Sanitary sewer trunks/mains.


     Subroutine CTJ5

     Storm sewer laterals.


     Subroutine CTJ6

     Stormwater detention ponds.


     Subroutine CTJ7

     Storm sewer trunks/mains.


     Subroutine CTJ8

     Sewage treatment plant.


     Subroutine CCFJl

     Used by CTJ1 for capital  cost estimate calculations.

                                  3-7

-------
        Subroutine OMJ25

        Used by CTJ2 and CTJ5 for operations and maintenance cost estimate
calculations.
        Subroutine ALOCAT

        Function:

        Calculates and prints the financial impact to consumers of property
   in the development due to costs borne by the developer (using the finan-
   cing mechanism in the report).
        Subroutine LCCOM

        Function:

        Calculates and prints the financial impact to the community and
   developer due to costs borne by the  local government (using the finan-
   cing mechanism defined in the report).
        Subroutine SUMRE

        Function:

        Prints summary tables of the cost types  examined and the total costs
   allocated to each group £.
   Hardware Retirements

        The Cost Estimate Module  is  written in IBM FORTRAN G.   Execution
   requires a minimum of 144K bytes  of  storage;  if large  physical block
   sizes are desired for buffering of reader/printer I/O, more core may
   be necessary.   One card reader and one   line  printer are required,  they
   are assigned to FORTRAN logical units 5  and 6 respectively.
   Additions  to  the  Program

        At present the  term CLF  (cost of associated leaching field)  refer-
   red to  in  the report*  is not  in  the program.   The following changes would
   be required to introduce this variable:
        Meta Systems,  ibid., p.  6-34.

                                     3-8

-------
     in subroutine CTJ1 change statement #11  ...PMF, CLF

     in subroutine CTJ1 change statement #12  ...(3F5.2, F8.0)

     in subroutine CCFJ1 change statement #15  C=C+275.+CLF

     Subroutine CTJ6 contains at present no capital cost function or
estimate.  The planner should provide some variable or function to
compute the capital cost of stormwater detention ponds if they are to
be modeled.  Its value should be stored in the variable TCC(J) where
J is the index of the cost type being modeled (in this case equal to 6)
Minimal coding required would be

         READ (NR,1) relevant variable(s)

     1   FORMAT (as required)

         coding to compute the value of TCC(J)

         CALL ALOCAT

These statements would be inserted between existing statement numbers
12 and 13.

     In general, each cost function is in the form TCC(J) = F(A-j, A~,
.  .  ., An), where J is the index of the cost types being modeled.
The programmer wishing to change a given cost function need only refer
to the expression(s) involving TCC(J) in the relevant subroutine.
Sample Run

     A new residential development is hypothesized to contain 890 dwell-
ing units made up of 590 townhouse units and 10 garden apartments with
30 dwelling units each.  The development requires sanitary and storm-
water lateral interceptor sewers.  Capital and operating and maintenance
costs for each infrastructure component are allocated hypothetically
to different financing methods.*  Costs are assigned to developers and
local, state and federal governments.  Within the local government
category expenditures are further classified by revenue source.
Table 3-1 represents a sample of the output which can be generated by
this module.

     The program also produces more detailed tables indicating the
temporal allocation of costs, effects upon property taxes, and the
*    Note:  This allocation scheme does not necessarily correspond to
existing practices.

                                  3-9

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required user charges of each cost type among the various land uses.
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choose to rerun the program with a different local government financing
mechanism.
                                  3-11

-------
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                                      3-15

-------
Input Variable Dictionary
Card   Variable
Type     Name
FORMAT    Card
         Columns
               Comments
       IDEBUG
 II
       IDCARD(I)   80A1
          1-80
       ICT(I)
 811
1-8
       DR
F5. 2
1-5
Debug option -
 = 0 - option off
 = 1 - option on

Identification card -
up to 80 characters
to be printed on the
top of each new page

Punch in column J a 1
for each cost type
to be studied:
 J=l - septic tanks
 J=2 - sanitary sewer
       laterals
 J=3 - sewer building
       connections
 J=4 - sanitary sewer
       trunk/main
 J=5 - storm sewer
       laterals
 J=6 - stormwater
       detention ponds
 J=7 - storm sewer
       trunk/main
 J=8 - sewage treat-
       ment plant

Discount rate in per-
cent
       AIR
F5.2
1-5
Interest rate in per-
cent
       NACRES
       IPOP(LU,
       ITIME)
 15
 419
1-5      Number of acres in
         development

1-36     For each of six land
         uses  (LU) the pro-
         jected population/
                            3-16

-------
Card
Variable
 Name
                   FORMAT
         Card
        Columns
                Comments
       APVOT(LU,
       ITIME)
            4F10.2
         1-40
          population equivalents
          for the community  at
          four points in  time
          (ITIME):
           LU=1 - single  family
                  (low density)
           LU=2 - single  family
                  (high density)
           LU=3 - multi-family
           LU=4 - commercial
           LU=5 - industrial
           LU=6 - open space -
                  recreation
           ITIME=1 - present  (T)
           ITIME=2 - T +  10  yrs.
           ITIME=3 - T +  25  yrs.
           ITIME=4 - T +  50  yrs.
          (six cards)

          For each of the  six
          land uses  (LU)  the pro-
          jected  assessed  values
          of the  community at
          four points in  time
          (ITIME) in $1000 (6
          cards)
       APVOD(LU,
       ITIME)
            4F10.2
         1-40
 10
WASTEF(LU)   3F9.1
         1-27
 10
 IPE
II
 28

3-17
For each of the six
land uses  (LU) the pro-
jected assessed values
of the development at
four points in time
(ITIME) in $1000  (6
cards)

Expected wastewater
flows generated by the
three residential land
uses :
 WASTEF(l) -  single
  family  (low density)
 WASTEF(2) -  single
  family  (high density)
 WASTEF(3) -  multi-
  family

Land -use against which

-------
Card   Variable
Type	  Name
                      Card
            FORMAT   Columns
                         Comments
 11    NSFLDU
             16
          1-6
         population equivalents
         will be based for com-
         mercial, industrial
         and open space - rec-
         reational land uses:
          = 1 - single family
                 (low density)
          = 2 - single family
                 (high density)
          = 3 - multi-family

         Number of single family
         (low density) housing
         units in the develop-
         ment
 11    PPULD
 12    NSFHDU
            F5.2
             16
          7-11     Number of persons  per
                   unit for single  family
                   (low density) housing

          1-6      Number of single  family
                   (high density) housing
                   units in the  develop-
                   ment
 12
 13
 13
 13
PPUHD
NMFB
NUBMF
PPUMF
F5.2
 16
 16
F5 . 2
7-11     Number of persons per
         unit for single  family
         (high density) housing

1-6      Number of multi-family
         buildings in  the
         development

7-12     Number of units  per
         multi-family  building

13-17    Number of persons per
         unit of multi-family
         housing
 The remaining  card  types  refer  to  data required for the
 individual cost types.  As  many cost types as desired may
 be examined in a  single run.   The  data deck must be pre-
 pared as J=l,8 for  the cost types  to be run.

 Card types 14  and 15  are  required  as the first two data
 cards of each  cost  type J.
                             3^18

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
FORMAT
 Card
Columns
      Comments
 14
 15
 16
PSOC(J,
PSOC(J,
2,L)
ADJUST(J)
4F5. 2
                              1-20
4F5.2
 1-20
8F5. 0
 1-20
 COST TYPE J=l - SEPTIC  TANKS

 1     PSFL        F5.2       1-5
Percentage of the capi-
tal cost of cost type
J to be financed by
group L:
 L=l - developer
 L=2 - local gov't
 L=3 - state gov't
 L=4 - federal gov't

Percentage of the
operation and main-
tenance cost of cost
type J to be financed
by group L

Multipliers for cost
type J  (1-8) adjusting
for local conditions
(Default= 1).
                                Percentage of single
                                family (low density)
                                homes in the develop-
                                ment to have septic
                                tanks
       PSFH
            F5. 2
          6-10      Percentage  of single
                    family  (high density)
                    homes  in  the develop-
                    ment to have septic
                    tanks
       PMF
       CLF
            F5. 2
            F8. 0
          11-15     Percentage  of multi-
                    family  housing in the
                    development to have
                    septic  tanks

          16-23     Cost  in dollars of the
                    associated  leaching
                    field (see  section Ad-
                    dition  to Program).
COST TYPE J=2 - SANITARY  SEWER LATERALS
      TH
           F6.0
                             1-6
                               Number of townhouse
                               units in the develop-
                               ment
                             3-19

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
FORMAT
 Card
Columns
Comments
       GA
            F6.0
          7-12     Number of garden  apart-
                   ment buildings  in
                    the  development
       AMRA
            F6.0
          13-18    Number of medium  rise
                   apartment buildings
                    in  the  development
       IALPHA
       IBETA
       SIZEP
            II
             II
            F10.0
          19
          20
          1-10
          Slope characteristic
          of development:
           =1 - flat
           =2 - moderate
           =3 - steep

          Soil type of develop-
          ment :
           =1 - hard clay  and
                shales
           =2 - loose mud,  loam,
                gravel, compact-
                ed gravel,  till

          Population size  of
          development
 COST TYPE J=3 - SEWER BUILDING CONNECTIONS
       TH
            F6.0
          1-6
          Number of townhouse
          units in the  develop-
          ment
       GA
            F6.0
          7-12     Number of  garden apart-
                   ment buildings  in
                    the development
       AMRA
            F6.0
          13-18    Number  of  medium rise
                   apartment  buildings
                    in the  development
       AL
            F6.2
          1-6
          Average  length  of
          building connection  to
          single family and  town-
          houses  (in  feet)
                            3-20

-------
Card   Variable
Type	Name
            FORMAT
            Card
           Columns
                          Comments
       IALPHA
             II
       IBETA
             II
       AL
            F6.2
            1-6
                    Slope  characteristic
                    of  development:
                    =1  -  flat
                    =2  -  moderate
                    =3  -  steep

                    Soil type of develop-
                    ment :
                    =1  -  hard clay  and
                          shales
                    =2  -  loose  mud,  loam,
                          gravel, compact-
                          ed gravel,  till

                    Average length of
                    building connection to
                    garden and medium rise
                    apartments  (in feet)
 COST TYPE J=4 - SANITARY SEWER  INTERCEPTORS
 1     D


 1     FT

 COST TYPE J=5
 1

 1
F

SG



R



DB
  F10.2     1-10     Average  depth  of  treach
                     in  feet

  F10.2     11-20    Diameter of  sewer pipe
                     in  inches

  F10.2     21-30    Length of pipe  in feet

STORM SEWER LATERALS

                     Recurrence interval
       SIZEP
F10. 4

F10.4


F10. 4


F10. 4


F10.4



F10. 0
1-10

11-20


21-30


31-40


41-50



1-10
                     Average  ground  slope
                      (feet per  100  feet)

                     Runoff coefficient,  C
                     from rational  method

                     Smallest pipe  diameter
                     in inches

                     Total capacity  of  sys-
                     tem in cubic  feet  per
                     second  (CFS)

                     Population  size  of
                            3-21

-------
Card
Type
Variable
  Name
FORMAT
 Card
Columns
Comments
                                      development

 COST TYPE J=6 - STORMWATER DETENTION PONDS

 no input(at this time)

 COST TYPE J=7 - STORM SEWER INTERCEPTORS

 1     Z           F10.2     1-10     Average depth of
                                      trench in feet

 1     D           F10.2     11-20    Diameter of sewer pipe
                                      in inches
 1     FT

 COST TYPE J=8
            F10.2     21-30    Length of pipe in feet

          SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 1     IRP          II       1        Community served by
                                      regional or community
                                      treatment plant; =0 -
                                      community; =1 - regional

 Card type 2 is required if IRP=1, i.e., regional plant
  (card type 1)
       PCS
            F5.2
          1-5
       FC
           F10.0
          6-15
       IPCCF(I)
            1711
          1-17
          Percentage of the total
          capital cost to be shared
          by the community  (regional
          cost sharing agreement)

          Fixed annual charge  (in
          dollars) to community
          (annual share of  capital
          costs)

          Treatment plant charac-
          terastics - a 1 in the
          associated column indi-
          cates the characteris-
          tic is included - a
          blank indicates not
          included:
          Biological Treatment -
           column  characteristic
             1    activated sludge
             2    filtration
             3    sludge pump
                            3-22

-------
Card   Variable              Card
Type	Name	FORMAT   Columns	Comments	

                                          4      sludge  diges-
                                                tion
                                          5      holding tank
                                          6      vacuum  filtra-
                                                tion
                                          7      incineration
                                        Physical/Chemical
                                          Treatment
                                          8      coagulation &
                                                sedimentation
                                          9      filtration
                                         10      carbon  adsorp-
                                                tion  (X2.LE.10
                                                MGD)
                                         11      carbon  adsorp-
                                                tion  (X2.GT.10
                                                MGD)
                                       (X2 from card  type 4)
                                         12      chlorination
                                         13      sludge  pump
                                         14      sludge  digester
                                         15      sludge  holding
                                                tank
                                         16      vacuum  filtra-
                                                tion
                                         17      incineration

 4     X2          F10.3     1-10      Design flow (MGD)

 4     F           F5.3      11-15     Ancillary works  factor

 4     C           F10.3     16-25     BOD5  of wastewater
                                       (in mg/1)

 After each set of cost type J data  the following card types
 are required - exceptions are noted.

 Card types 1-4 refer to input required for capital  costs:

 1     IFM          II       1         Financing mechanism for
                                       local government capi-
                                       tal costs:
                                        =1 - bond issue
                                        =2 - special  assess-
                                             ment

 If IFM=1  (card type 1) card types 2,3,4 are necessary;  if


                            3-23

-------
Card   Variable              Card
Type	Name	FORMAT   Columns	Comments	

 IFM=2 they are not included in the data deck.

 2     IPP          12       1-2      Payback period' for bond
                                      issue  in years  (max =
                                      50)

 2     PPT         F5.2      3-7      Percent of  bond  issue
                                      to be  repaid  from
                                      property taxes

 2     PUC         F5.2      8-12     Percent of  bond  issue
                                      to be  repaid  from user
                                      charges

 3     PBUC(LU,    6F5.2     1-30     .Percent allocation, by
       K)                             land use, of  total
                                      revenues to be  raised
                                      from user charges

 4     PBPT(LU,
       K)          6F5.2     1-30     Percent allocation, by
                                      land use, of  total
                                      revenues to be  raised
                                      from property taxes

 For cost type J=8 only the following card type is  necessary:

 5     IFCP         12       1-2      Number of years  until
                                      full capacity of treat-
                                      ment plant  is reached
                                       (max=50)

 Cost types J=l and J=8 require no  further data.

 Card types 6-8 refer to input required  for  the remaining
 cost types for operation and maintenance costs.

 6     IPP          12       1-2      Payback period for
                                      operation and mainten-
                                      ance costs  (max=50)

 6     PPT         F5.2      3-7      Percent of  operation
                                      and maintenance  costs
                                      to be  repaid  from
                                      property taxes

 6     PUC          F5.2     8-12     Percent of  operation


                            3-24

-------
Card   Variable               Card
Type	Name	FORMAT    Columns	Comments	

                                       and maintenance costs
                                       to be repaid from  user
                                       charges

 7     PBUC(LU,    6F5.2      1-30     Percent allocation, by
       K)                              land use, of total
                                       revenues to be raised
                                       from user charges

 8     PBPT(LU,    6F5.2      1-30     Percent allocation,
       K)                              by land use, of total
                                       revenues to be raised
                                       from property taxes
                            3-25

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