-------
Emissions, (ton/yr) = [(gallons of asphalt^) (solvent content %±)
(solvent density #/gal.) (% of solvent evaporatedJ]
where Gallons of asphalt = state supplied usage of asphalt^
Solvent content % = state supplied diluent content for asphalt^
Solvent density = 6.1 #/gal for naptha; 6.8 #/gal for kerosene
% solvent evaporated - 70% for medium cure (kerosene); 95% for
rapid cure (naptha)
County emissions were calculated as the sum of the emissions from each
individual asphalt type used in that county.
Pesticide Application
Data on harvested acreage, by county, for 1978 was available from the
Delaware Department of Agriculture. ° At the Department contact's
suggestion, no change in acreage was assumed to occur between 1978 and 1980.
Emissions were calculated assuming 3.5 # VOC/harvested acre. 1
On Highway Motor Vehicles
County-specific vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for 1979 were available
from the Delaware Department of Transportation.^ At the suggestion of the
Delaware DOT, no change in VMT through 1980 was assumed.18
Emissions were calculated using emission factors derived from the MOBILE2
emission model employing the VMT distribution, speed, temperature, and
cold/hot start assumptions presented in Volume I.-*
Residential Fuel Combustion
Fuel used in the residential sector was estimated using the equations
presented in Reference 11. The number of housing units using each individual
fuel type were determined using the following equation:
where H^ QQ = Number of housing units using fuel type i in 1980
Hi 70 = Number of housing units using fuel type i in 1970 (from the
1970 Census of Housing)
HI 80 = Number of total housing units in 1980 (from the 1980 Census)
HT 7Q = Number of total housing units in 1970 (from the 1970 Census)
22
-------
This method, used in lieu of fuel-specific data for 1980, assumes an
insignificant change in fuel mix from 1970 to 1980. The emission factor for
LPG was derived assuming a 1:1 ratio of propane to butane. Emission factors
for the remaining fuels were obtained directly from AP-42.
Commercial/ Institutional and Industrial Fuel Combustion
To determine area source fuel use in the commercial/institutional and
industrial sectors, the following approach was used. Total statewide fuel use
was available for 1978 or 1979 from the sources listed in Table 7. Historical
data back to 1970 were obtained from earlier versions of the same references.
Total 1980 fuel use was estimated through linear regression of the 1970 to
1978/79 data. For each fuel, area source use in the commercial/institutional
and industrial sectors was calculated using the following equation:
C/I & '80-x = < W - (W - (P80-x)
where C/I & ISQ-X = Commercial/Institutional and Industrial area source
use of fuel x in 1980
T80-x ~ Total use of fuel-x in 1980 (estimated previously
through linear regression)
^80-x = Residential use of fuel-x in 1980 (calculated
previously)
^80-x = Point source use of fuel-x in 1980 (determined from
point source inventory)
Fuel use calculated using the above equation was split between the
commercial and industrial sectors using the distribution of area source fuel
use for these two sectors reported in the NEDS Fuel Use Report. ^
Aircraft Operations
Aircraft landing and takeoff (LTO) data were available for 1979 from the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Based on historical FAA data, it was
determined that changes in the quantity of LTO operations between 1979 and
1980 in Delaware were probably insignificant. Therefore, 1979 data were
assumed to approximate 1980 statistics. Composite emissions factors for
civil, commercial, and military aircraft LTOs were obtained from EPA/NADB.19
Railroad Locomotives
Historical data on sales of fuel oil to railroads from 1970 to 1978 were
available from the sources listed in Table 11. The 1980 statewide use was
determined through linear regression. County-specific use was determined by
apportioning statewide use to counties on the basis of railroad right-of-way,
measured from state rail line maps.
23
-------
On-Site Incineration
According to the Delaware DEC,--'- all on-site incinerators are covered
by Delaware operating permits and are, thus, all accounted for in the point
source inventory. It was therefore assumed that area source emissions were
insignificant.
Structural Fires
The Delaware State Fire Marshall's Office was unable to provide an
estimate of the number of structural fires in Delaware during 1980. The EPA
default factor of 6 fires/1000 population-^ was used with composite emission
factors supplied by EPA/NADB"^ and the 1980 Census"^ to estimate emissions
from structural fires.
DEVELOPMENT OF EIS/AS MASTER FILE
After emissions were calculated for all area source categories on a
countywide basis, the completed inventory was coded and keypunched in EIS/AS
format and subjected to the series of computerized QA checks included in the
EIS/AS System.- The completed Master file was then manually verified for
accuracy before the finalized data were written onto computer tape for
delivery to EPA.
RESULTS
Statewide totals of 1980 VOC and NOX emissions from area sources in
Delaware are provided in Table 8. County summaries of area source emissions
are presented in Appendix B.
24
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SECTION 5
REFERENCES
1. McMaster, Larry M. Emission Inventory System/Point Source Users Guide.
EPA-450/4-80-010. May 1980.
2. McMaster, Larry M. Emission Inventory System/Area Source Users Guide.
EPA-450/4-80-009. May 1980.
3. Eaton, Samuel H. Delaware Division of Environmental Control. Personal
communication with Robert Green, GCA/Technology Division. 2 December
1980.
4. Masser, Charles C. EPA/OAQPS. Written communication to Dr. Frank
Record, GCA/Technology Division. 17 November 1980.
5. Sellars, F. M., M. J. Geraghty, A. M. Kiddie, B. J. Bosy. Northeast
Corridor Regional Modeling ProjectAnnual Emission Inventory. Volume I
Project Approach. GCA/Technology Division, Bedford, MA for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-450/4-82-013a. August 1982.
6. Mehta, Dilip H. and John E. Spessard. Directory of Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Sources Covered by Reasonably Available Control Technology
Requirements. EPA-450/4-81-007. February 1981.
7. Eaton, Samuel H. Delaware Division of Environmental Control. Written
communication to Frederick Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. 16 July
1981.
8. AEROS Manual Series. Volume II; AEROS USERS MANUAL. EPA-450/2-76-029.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
December 1976.
9. Eaton, Samuel H. Delaware Division of Envirnmental Control. Written
communication to Frederick Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. 8 February
1982.
10. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42 3rd Edition and
subsequent supplements, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, August 1977.
29
-------
11. Lamason, William H. II, and Thomas Lahre. Procedures for the Preparation
of Emission Inventories for Volatile Organic Compounds: Volume I, Second
Edition. EPA-450/2-77-028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, September 1980.
12. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHwA. Highway Statistics, 1979.
13. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHwA. Selected Highway Statistics and
Charts, 1979.
14. County Business Patterns for Delaware, 1979. United States Department of
Commerce, Bureau of Census.
15. Craft, Thomas D. Jr. Delaware DOTDivision of Highways. Written
communiction to Samuel H. Eaton, Delaware DEC. 25 March 1981.
16. Smith, Dr. Raymond C. Delaware Department of Agriculture. Personal
communication with Robert Green, GCA/Technology Division. 25 March 1981.
17. Elgie, William A. Delaware DOTDivision of Highways. Correspondence to
Robert Green, GCA/Technology Division. 30 October 1980.
18. Elgie, William A. Delaware DOTDivision of Highways. Personal
communication with Frederick Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. 26
February 1981.
19. NEDS Fuel Use Report - 1978. EPA-450/4-80-028. December 1980.
20. Mann, Charles 0. EPA/OAQPSNADB. Personal communication with Frederick
M. Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. March 10, 1981.
21. Eaton, Samuel H. Delaware DEC. Telephone communication with Robert
Green, GCA/Technology Division. 9 January 1981.
22. Mann, Charles 0., EPA/OAQPSNADB. Telephone conversation with Frederick
Sellars, GCA/Technology Division. 3 March 1981.
23. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Population,
1980.
30
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APPENDIX A
POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
FOR THE DELAWARE COUNTIES
Table A-l presents point source emissions, by category, for each of the
Delaware counties, which are identified below.
County EIS/NEDS County Code
Kent 0060
New Castle 0180
Sussex 0240
31
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APPENDIX B
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
FOR THE DELAWARE COUNTIES
Table B-l presents area source emissions, by category, for each of the
Delaware counties, which are identified below.
County EIS/NEDS County Code
Kent 0060
New Castle 0180
Sussex 0240
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-450/4-82-013c
.TITLE" AND SUBTITLE
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project Annual
Emission Inventory Compilation and Formatting
Volume III: Delaware Emission Inventory
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
September 1982
. AUTHOR(S)
Frederick M. Sellars, Michael J. Geraghty, Andrea M.
Kiddie, Barbara J. Bosy, Stephen V. Capone
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GCA-TR-82-17-G(3)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA/Technology Division
213 Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3510, Work
Assignment No. 3
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Management
Technology Branch, Monitoring and Data Analysis
Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officers: James H. Southerland and Thomas F. Lahre
3. ABSTRACT
This report discusses the development of the Northeast Corridor Regional
Modeling Project (NECRMP) annual regional emission inventory. The inventory
reflects 1979/1980 data and focuses on point, area and mobile source emissions of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Nitrogen Oxides (NO ), although particulate,
sulfur oxides and carbon monoxide emissions were also compiled for point sources.
The study area includes the entire northeast quadrant of the United States from
longitude 69° to 82° West, and latitude 38° to 45° North. This Volume discusses
the emission inventory for Delaware.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Emission Inventory
Inventory
Source Inventory
3oint Sources
\rea Sources
3 zone
Nitrogen Oxides
/o 1-3-tilfi 0 r Q nn "i f* C1 OTTI n o i ind r*
. DISTRIBUTION §T"ATE"ME"NT v
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report ji
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c. COSATI Meld/Group
21. NO. OF PAGES
55
22. PRICE
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EPA Form 2220-1 (R-v. 4-77) (Rtvarta)
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