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AS3ISTOS-CONTAINIXC- M-.TE?.IALS
IX SCHOOL 3UIL2IXGS
Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs
D3AFT REPORT
U . IJL
T. Hartweil
A. V. Rac
Research Triangle Ins-irute
Norrh Carolina
ZPA Task Manacrer: Cincv S~roup
EPA Project Officer: Joe Carra
Design and Development; Branch
Survey and Analvsis Division
Office of Pesncides and Toxic Substances
Washington, DC
June 19SC
LIBRARY
U. S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EDISON, N. J. 08817
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i rM^_ wi l^ui! i _ii i
I. INTRODUCTION
Asbestos Analytical Progran Coordinator
Sampling of Materials Suspect.ec to Contain Asbestos.
laboratory Analytical Technicue.
Specific In.fcm2.clcn co be Rsporcac by Labcr
Oualicy Assurance Xeasurss
P^acordkssping
2 . SAMPLING FRLA3LZ ^A^ERHAL
Establishing an Asbestos Analytical Progran F:
Establishing Saapling Areas
Diagram Preparation
Nunber of Samples ta Take
Selection of Sat:pl= locations
SZ1ZCTZII" C~ SAMP1Z LOCATZGN5 VOHIoHZZT.
Sample Coilsction
Precautions co be Taken During Sampling.
3 T ^ O /"1T3 * '^'O^V /^'>* ' """ "^'"V * O ^*^~^ A v*f"*^ T
^ Lr^l-*^-13 LLJ JAJ\^L W»» w "w*X»^i -. rtiJ W W t"_LVii' *-_- tit *«*»««** ^^
Spiit-Sanple Techniques for Cuali"? Assurance 23
Continuing Quality Assurance Program 25
Forvarding Samples to Laboratory 33
T ' TJHD * '^^I'C'V T> » ^ ' ^^r*-^.^. -> --
uADUK.-'.j.lJ^..I J.-.-. 2Z.~- ~O
Statistical Analysis of laboratory Results 35
INSTRUCTIONS FOR STATISTICS COMPUTATION WORKSHEET 39
STATISTICS COMPUTATION WORKSHEET
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APPENDIX A: £?A-Sponsored Quality Assurance Round Rob:.:: for
Asbestos Bulk San^le Anaivsis ,
APPENDIX 3: How to Use A IA31E Or RANDOM DIGITS
APPENDIX C: C?ualiry Assurance Program for Ir.iz-3.1 labcracsry
Zvaluarion ,
APPENDIX! D: EPA Regional Asbeszos Coordinators.
APPE^rDIX I: Tcll-rree Inforsacion Number
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_ne oo~iectc,ve 01 tns cocucient is to provt.cs giii.ia2.es "2 _oca_
school officials and their scarfs for the effective implementation of an
asbestos analytical program that vili generate adequate izforziatior. for
decision making and yet r.ct be too costly in tar^ts of dollars and husan
resources.
o: the pitta_ls associated vitr. carrying out an asbestos analytical pro-
gram. The proper implementation of a valid program to characterize
suspected asbestos-containing materials requires an appreciation of the
interdependence of the various elements of the overall process. The
importance of random sampling, appropriate chemical analytical techni-
ques, selection of a laboratory to do the bulk sample analyses, and an
effective Laboratory monitoring program are emphasized throughout this
document.
The following paragraphs outline seven elements that are necessary
in an asbestos program. At the end of this chapter a CEZCSIIST 70?. AI"
analysis, and statistics.
A s b e s " o s Analytical Program Coord-Jnato^
The first element in the program is to identify an asbestos analy-
tical program coordinator to be responsible for overseeing the entire
asbestos program. In particular, the coordinator is responsible for
supervising the sampling of suspected asbestos-containing materials,
selecting laboratories to analyze the bulk samples for asbestos content,
ncnitcring the laboratories' performance throughout the analysis period,
and preparing a summary report. If possible, someone vith 3. technical
background, such as mathematics or science, snouid be designated coor-
dinator .
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tr.e process. Proper sampling, that is, random sampling, is the oasis
upon which the validity of the subsequent laboratory analysis program
and decision-making processes rests. If the suspect material Ls impro-
Chapter 2 describes inspection for suspect material, identification
of Sampling Areas, and the recommenced sampling procedure. A simple
random samtlinc procedure is em-niched to ensure tne reliability* of the
process, a 3Z1ZC
vides a h^gn chance of detecting asoestos in bulk materials, if present.
Jor example, if a Sampling Area has 5" or nore asbestos cor.tan.c, taking
at least three sanples would give greater than a 90" chance of detecting
the presence of asbestos. (The assumptions underlying this statement
are described in detail, in a Statistical Background Document, {2} .
These assumptions are based on data r^.de available to Z?A by the Bureau
cf Mines and the Barteile-Coluzous Laboratories.) To achieve greatsr
than 9CT, assuredness, the number of samples taken in each sampling area
would have to be increased.
view of the healer, and economic implications, accurate determnation of
the presence or absence of asbestos is critical.
The set hod of choice for the determination of asbestos in suspect
materials is pclariced light microscopy (?I_M) vith or without dispersion
staining (DS) , and vith X-ray diffraction (ICED) as necessary to supple-
unique optical crystallographic properties of the sample. These proper-
ties uniquely identify the individual asbestos types: chrysotile, acti-
nolita, amosite, anthophyllite, crocidolite, and tremoiite. These crys-
tal asnects coupled vith the fiber shaoe will unicuelv identifv the as-
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oestcs present ir. trie rcataria,. oeing ana_ycac anc v: a_sc characterize
non-asbestos fibers present such as fiberglass and cellulose.
Aa.orr.er analytical cecr.ni.cue used in asbestos analysis is pr.ase
contrast microscopy. This methoc was developed by cne National Insti-
tute of Occupational Safety and Health for use in cccupati.on.al settings
when a significant asbestos insult is known to exist. This technique is
used to count fibers basec solely on their shape and sice and does not
distinguish between asbestos fibers and non-asbestos fibers such as
cellulose, hair, and fiberglass. Consequently, analysis of bulk samples
for the detaminaticr. of asbestos content b" t'nis laboratory-" technique
is una.c c en tab 1 a.
A cetac.lec anal"t^ca_ protocol soecc.fic tor the bulk ana.lvsis of
asoestos-contai.ni.ng i.nsu_at^on ---.- sprayec-on natart.a_3 is oei.ng pre-
pared and tested 13 and ^]. This protocol should serve as an authori-
tative guide to any bulk sarrple analysis program using rlH and XZD as
analtica.1 tools.
Labors wC**
The faurth element cf the asbestos ana.l3-tical program is the selec-
tion of a competent and reliable laboratory-. The identification of
asbestos in bulk sazcpies involves expertise in optical crystallography
anc is not a routine laboratory "Tccadure. C~nl" laboratories activel"
engasec in tne analvsis o; oulk sauries ror asbestos tiat=ria_s using
participating on a voluntary basis. A brief description cf tnis pro-
gras, the results of round one, sample reporting, and a list of parti-
cipating laboratories are provided in Appendix A. This is not a labo-
ratory certification process; however, these laboratories have daticn-
strated proficiency in ana_Lytlng bulk samples using polarized light
r-icroscopy.
It is recommended that labcratori.es fret: this list be selected for
school asbestos programs. If it is not possible to select a laboratory
frcn this list, a procedure for evaluating the performance of an unknown
laboratory is creviced in Aooendix 3.
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A l3.bor2.zcr~ rrcf i.cier.t m X13SK asbeszos fiber-ccur-zens zethodo-
leg" vising phase contrast nicrcscopy nay lack both tr.e equipment and
e.xparr:.3e fcr rlX idanrifmeatier, of asbestos in bulk samples . As stated
above, phase conzrasz necroscopy _s :.nappropriata for the cefferenria-
ti.cn of asbestos from non-asbestos fiber mazarials.
3 " ~
-*.ne z it zn a.i.emenz m zne asoeszos ana'vzica o"""o'-'^am I.17 zo soec"1 ~v
zhe paramezers zo be reporzed by zhe laborazory for each sample submlz-
zed for analysis. It is important zhaz a complete reporting of the
analytical results be obzainec from zhe laborazory.
The laboratory report sr.culd induce: school's '"blind" sample 13
numbers, laboratory sample 13 r-umoers (assigned by labcrazory) , analy-
zical method, sample appearance, sample treatment, amount of material
eocamined, type and percent of asbestos present, tvoe and percent of non-
asbestos fibrous and nonfibrous materials present, method of quantita-
zion, laboratory quality control program, analyst's name anc address,
and the school system's return accrass. A LA3Q?_-.:rC3Z DAIA SZHT incor-
porating tnis information es provided in Chapcar -. Send znls form zo
vizh every saz of samoles.
ooEpezenz labcrazory ror zne analysis or bu_lk sa~ples suspeczed of
conzainens asbeszos is an inporcanz szep in zhe enolerr.enzaz^on of a
successful asbeszos program, and such a seleczicn nusz be nade prudenzly.
Iz is noz, however, sufficient zo carefully select a laboratory and
than presume zhaz all vill run snoczhly zhroughouz zhe course of zhe
asbeszos program. The experiences of several szaze and local efforzs ir.
dealing vizh asbeszos analysis strongly suggest that additional measures
are not only re COBS ended but even necessary if zhe progran :.s zo be
successful. Thus, zhe sisth elanenz in an asbeszos progran is labora-
tory quality assurance. Xecotnmencaticns for a progran of labcrazory
quality assurance are derailed in Chapter 3. Flowcharts are provided
for three different situations depending on zhe number of samples taken.
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re_azas -o prcper r = ccr^.<£ep^r.g or zr.e a.r.a_r-^cs_ c.a.za. cc ec~ec ^uri.r.g
zha program. Hose az;an.-^or. ~^.sz be oa^c zc ;n.s accurate reccrdir.g of
Iha _abcra^c~ ans.l7~zi.zal reports should be inserted into zhe pemanent
file of the asbestos prograi-:. Reports of results fron school surveys
should be fcrvsrc.ec to the school d^strioz offi.ce. Adcitional record-
k.eecing details are oresar-ted in Chapters 2. 3 and ~.
The preceeding paragraphs have given an overview o: a school asbes-
tos prograz.. Chapter 2 describes the recotrcended sampling procedure. A
SELECTION Cr 5A2£?1Z 10CAIICXS W02KSHEET -s provided. Chapter 2 presents
Llvsis are discussed. A 1A3C2_ATO?.Y DATA 3ZZIT and
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jates
1. Appoint an Asbestos Analytical Program
loordi:
ro ow sa-p_;.ng prot:oco- . jse Si--C~_
07 SAHrLZ LOCATIONS WCRI-CSHZZTS"
5. Follow quality assurance protocol [Use
flow c.iarrs 1
.
Send samples to laboratories [Usa
M?-TATON '«CSKSEZZT .
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mec, cr recucec tic povceIT m t ne nanc. ^r ~"'"y DC an asoestos*~ccntc.m
ing oa.r2ri.a-L, or ir may be a material that contains ether fibers, such
as cellulose and fiberglass. Si2.cs friable materials crumble easily, it
is balisvec they have zha po-er.c^al zc release fibers readily. ~cr r.-a:
reascr., ii is inparaco,v= zc d.ecemi_r.e vr.azher friable r^.zer^als ccr.iai~
asbescos fibers and zc take corrective accion vhsre necessary.
Friable nacerial t^ay be found or. cha ceilings of classrooms.. cor-
ridors, audiioriuns, cafeterias, tzachinery rooms, scorage rooms, indoor
pools, and gymnasiums, Ir may also be found on steel support beams and
columns ana, occasionally, on vails and pipes. Neither visual inspec-
tion of friable material nor checking building records can determine th=
presence or absence of asbestos. Such a cetermmation must be nade
through proper sampling and analysis.
^*V js ^.PT"~^''''^ -*- '^^a^-f7'*»o *"iM^" ~ *^ ar* "'^ ^**"*'c ^ "^ rs ~( ** a i~ ~ ^ £ sa "nOTna^* ^ ~
« &1 w I I I I ~ _/ . ^ ^. ^*^ k^« W <_h ' wv. - - - WA*,*^ ^ ' '^ v^HIH.. ^^ A «v-^ .M^XC.*. «*. M ^
*"~^e '^^'"'^ocolo^~-" ~*"^°se~^ s^ ir* dhar^t3"^ 3 ^"" -^sb°s*'^
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2, ** ^ i - TI ~ ^ 2 -- ^ T-» -< is ~ Q "" "" -1 ^**i»cai^i'^a ^ "SD^SC"1*^ ~ ~ ^W S"~* = 3 "3 i C ^
nens , a sample of tne ceiling material. is taken. The basis for e:-:"er.c-
me rasuizs of z~.s. san
-
exanp 1 £ .
Suppose a hasdf-jl
of narbles. If ~he handful of marbles vizhdravn is half vhiie ar.d half
blue, it would be believed char che jar contains only whirs and blue
narbles, and rhar the composition is approxmiataly half of each color.
Since the selection is rando-. the coar)osiri.on of the handf ~- ---
chance ought to produce a mostly blue sanpie.
On the other hand, if for convenience just the top lav&r of narbles
are selected and 5 white and 5 blue narbles are found, not nuch can be
said about the concents cf the jar. It contained at least 5 blue nar-
bies and 5 wr.ite narbles, but that is all that can be said. Thus, this
purposively selected (cr.osen on purpose) or convenience sample, does
no" provide nuch information about the nature of the jar's contents.
These ideas underlie the concept of statistical inference.
Given the vice variation in asbestos content observed in some ceil
The recommenced sampling procedure induces the following steps:
- establish an asbestos analytical program file,
- locate all friable materials in the buildings of concern,
- identify and establish homogeneous sampling areas of friable
material,
- diagram each homogeneous sampling area reasonably to scale on
graph paper,
- clearl"-" indicate --'-1 Inaccessible areas and waterdamaged areas
in sampling areas on diagrams,
cetermine tne appropriate numoer or suic samples to oe taxen,
- using a random selection process, select the locations within all
sampling areas wnere bulk samples will be taken,
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- cc _ect cr.e sanT_es, using -rc-er orecaucicns.
- enter all pertinent cata in cne "Oxrazi file.
The resc of this chapcer presencs cms process in daca.il. "crk-
saeecs are provided to assist in che somewhat cc~~licated steps neces-
3ar"~ to ensure reliable results. A detailed ezcanple of tr.e sampling
process is provided at che end of this cnapcar.
£s ~2.b " i 3 h 1 nc An As b2s ~ o s An2 n, v~ 1 ~ c 1 ^ro or2~ ~ 1 " s
This step, chough apparezc, is lisced here for emphasis. Mair.ca:
all wori-'-s'neecs and daca foms ir. a peznzane-c canrral file for future
^ne next step in aetemining tne presence or aosence oc asoestos is
an inspection for friable material. Visually inspect all areas of the
school building including student, administrative, maintenance, and
custodial areas for friable material. Tcllov che guidelines for in-
spection given in Chapter ^ of Asbestos-Containing Materials in School
Buildings: A Guidance Document. Part 1 :1]. If friable material is
cor-.' ams.lvsis according to the samnilng procedure outlined below.
Areas. A Sanrlins Area is defined as 3. hcnogeneous area of friacld
of che sane cype and was applied during che sane cir:e period. A deci-
sion as co che presence or absence of asbestos in che friable roaterial
is necessarv ror eacn ^a^pung r^rea.
The procedure for establishing Sampling Areas is described belov.
Their proper establishment is extremely important as incorrectly estab-
lished Sampling Areas vill yield results chat do not accurately reflect
che asbestos concenc of che friable nacerial in che school building.
This in cum roay lead to very costly and unnecessary corrective action,
or to no corrective action at all vhen it is needed.
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if availacie.
Ihe following example snoulc clarify the -ezn.se cf partitioning.
Z?:amt:le: Suppose tnat friable material 1.5 found en the ceiling cf
2. scnool s 3 y~""P ^":r~ anc en tne ceilinss ct first floor classrooms
of an annex constructed si:'-: years after gymnasium construction.
The friable material en tne gymnasium ceiling appears to all be of
one type, and the friable material on the ceilings cf the annex
classrooms appears to all be of a second type. In this situation,
two Sampling Areas are required: (1) gymnasium ceiling and (2;
ceilings cf first floor classrooms of the annex. An estimate of
the percentage cf asbestos tresant vill be obtained for each of
" hes e ia~o _ ~ n-* ~^eas* 2.*^ "* seoa""1^t^ r>-*c~'=:'OTNs ^ s o ~ ? ~* neces"*""~* c
"*or1"*"*^" "" action "^r"'" ^" ma^* e. ""~ a*^ ;-^c^^o-n^a-'" -/ '~^ ^~ -^ci-*--*^-~ ^*?
of asbestos is found only in Sampling Area '2), then corrective
action needs to be considered onl" for that Samolins Area.
Diagram ? r 5 D ara11 on
7or each Sampling Area, prepare a diagram showing all friable
materials in the Sampling Area. The diagram should be constructed on
graph paper as follows:
(1) Clearly indicate the approximate dimensions of all rooms,
corridors, or other school building areas included in the
diagram. If these measurements are not raadily available,
rooms vlll need to be measured using a tape measure. Prepa:
that are found vitnin the Sampling Area.
(a) Damage caused by water or high humidity.
xo} Damage cue to v^nc.aj»ism9 r*ougn use, or otner ractors.
(t) Patched or repaired material.
.^d) Areas that are inaccessible for the urose of samlin
te rae matera.
z£L _nrormation nctec irD^o; may oe useru- in
assessing tne appropriate corrective action to oe taKen it asoestos is
found to be present. Inaccessible areas (d) are mari-'.ed so that nc sam-
ole locations will be selected in these areas.
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«... tj&.^.w_.*-_ -~ &. -J ... ._ w..-. ~ _C. w _ .. ..~- ^ .__ _£^_ .. ^i .. t.c^ _ c^.» ..w
acjacent vtor exa~p_e. areas on different fleers c~ tne scaoci builc-
ir.g; , sketch each separate area accordions to the above instructions.
?-ace al sketches on tns sar:e graph, as close togetr.er as possible.
The Sar:pl:ing Area cay contain areas that are not i.n tne sane plane (for
e^anple, a cei.li.ng and a vail vith the sarae type of friable roateri.al; .
In this case, sketcr. each flat surface according to tr.e above instruc-
tions and place these sketches on the sane graph, as close together as
possible.
Cn each Sampling Area diagran, record the following infomation:
CD Nane and address of the school.
cocrci.nator for the school.
by the school official to the Sampling Area that distinguishes
the Sanpl-ng Area fron all others of the school building.)
(3) Brief description of the Barreling Area.
(6} Naae of person preparing the di.agran.
..is nunoer or sanp_es to oe ccectec v:_ :e ;asac or. tr.e overa
sice of the 3ar:olinz Area. 7ror: tr.e cinensions recorcec or. tr.e Sanr-lir.;
.-.rea diagram, conpute the total square feet in t.~e 5anp_lng Area. Ihen
feet) of the Sampling of samples to
Area is be collected
less tnan 1,300 2
Betveer. 1,000 and 5,300 ;
Greater than 5,3C3 7
S c " 2 C ~ "i 0 H 27 S £ 7, D ' 2 LcCEt^'CHS
After preparing the diagranCs) and daceinir.g the number of sara-
ples to be collected in each Sanplcng Area, detemine tr.e approximate
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_ocazien o: sac.- samo_e. _na mezncc rcr se._aczir.g samp.e -eeazicr.s
describee oelev uzilices a TA21Z GF F_-JvDC^ DIGITS. This is eesignac z:
eliminaze any inadverzenz bias vhi.eh would j acc.are,ie = zr.= eerreczness of
_ .. w _ «*AM^ «S.__.S*.... .3. 5 _ O ^*«ww<.*«'B. W .A. W _ ~~ "he oo~ nz described b" zhe Candor, numbe" oa4 ^ is vizr.in zhe
Sampling Area and noz vizhir. any area designazee en zhe dia-
gram as inaccessible for zhe purpose cf sampling, zhen zhaz
poinz is a sample loeazion. Ozhervise, zne poinz is noz a
inaccessible,) rancom number oai.rs does noc aeverselv affeez
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SAM?_£
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trie rancor. se_ection process so _cr.g as t.-e pairs are cnoser.
in continuous secuence. (If the random numosr selection
numbers in case one or ere are later found to oe inacces-
sible. .he SELECTION OF SAMPLE LOCATIONS WORKSHEET provides
room to select 12 pairs of rancor numbers.!
(5) Continue using the above ranc.cz: numoer pair procedure until
the required number (3, 5 or 7} of sample locations have been
selected .
\~] All random number pairs snot^ld be recoraed or. rh= VOEXSEZZT .
Beside eacn rancor, number pair, indicate by a cried-; if ;he
location .he pair cescribes is vi~hin cha Sazvpling Area ar.c
noc viznin any area cesigriazec as inaccessible for me our-
pose of sampling) ar.d is thus a saspls location..
V'S; Assign a sanple locarion nuczber to each of cne sample loca-
tions. Any sysran of numbers that assigns a unique nunber to
each sanpie location is satisfactory. 3.eccrc these location
numbers on the WORKSHEET, and on the Sampling Area ciagran.
','?} At che sane tine, assign a nnn-systenatic but unique sar:pl£
SSIH"^ * ''CO2.*"*C^. "" n~ n £"*" V* "" D ^ OH "Ss SS7"1^ * ** "^ ' CC"~ d^"" HS"^ WTIS"^
the WORKSHEET. Choosing a number from the TABLE OF RANDOM
DIGITS is a quick and easy technique for assigning sample ID
numbers .
:>amp_ir.g containers ST.OUJ.C oe small, sea_as_e tin, r.etai or p_astic
containers. Suggested sampling containers are plastic 2; mm film canis-
ters or small vide-3oucb.ec aspirin bottles. Prior to sampling, thoroughly
^0 act tr.e :U_K samp_es, i.e., sampj.es taken rrciu the triable
-«^ ^a-^~'^ 3 ""* O^nS^"" &Z~''^' *""n£ i 2 O 1>n 0* "'"^o ^^"'Ao"1^ g *"3"p~~>^'t A*" """i^ r~^;='*"1'"
-------
v_, ^ent_y tvist t.-= open er.c or tr.e samt_ing container into tr.e
material. A core of tne material sr.culc fall into t.ie cor
tamer. A sample can also oe taken r-y using a c_ear. kr.ife to
cut out or scrape off = small piece of tne material ar.c tnen
placing it in tne container. 5e sure to penetrate any paint
or protective coating and all tr.e layers of the material. If
v?.erher tne material is really friable or not.
;2) Tightly close the sampling container; vipe its exterior with =
camp cloth to remove an*" material whicr. mav nave adherec to ~~
during sampling.
"3) Tape the sampling container cap to prevent the accidental
opening of the container during shipment or nandling.
''-\, Record tr.e unique sample ID number cnosen in '3', aoove on a
label and tape the laoel to the corresponding sampling con-
"GPJISHZZI as part of tr.e asoestos analytical program file.
(5] See Chapter 3 for laooratory quality assurance procedures.
Collect samples at (or as close as possible to) the selected loca-
tions and collect all samples. Ixact measurements 'i.e., by ruler) are
-5
niaues such as oacins mav be emolcvec,
To avoid causing unnecessary exposure to asbestos fibers, take trie
following precautions wr.ile sampling friable materials ('-'..
, 1], Sample the material vner. tr.e area is not in use.
,3; Have or.lv those persons r.eeced for tr.e samtlins oreser.t.
samoliag.
(5) Spray the material vith a light mist of water to reduce fiber
release during sampling.
(6) If a large number of samples are taken, NIOSH recommends tnat
trie sampler wear an approved respirator. Contact a NTGSH
Regional Office for information on approved respirators ['-] .
'7) Wear a respirator if moving ceiling tiles or in any otrier vay
cisturoing possible fallen asbestos or its debris.
(5) If pieces of material break off during sampling, wet mop tne
areas vnere thev have fallen.
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49902
88 130
5 5 c o o
05350
33254
75215
125 12
03555
29430
771 "
75233
;~C9S
32 122
2~203
46254
85289
1^1 -
52953
72457
48894
23432
945 35
37594
10324
X~- -,-
55124
^ O n c "
C C"^ w^
? n ^ " '
5 6 "~ 1 5
25290
21523
3471C
54220
25972
1 ' 1 39
Q A _, ^ A
71753
O O *. ^ M
_ . i - 2
_2_**-_~
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5844 7
04585
7S251
20137
55825
75498
75055
053 15
43301
70155
25550
2 c i c
* "* C " C
15025
54516
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SO 35 1
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4 55 73
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100 51
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-""""
C " ^ " C
20512
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81252
05446
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~t C - T
,75223
90602
72254
1 1522
423 24
34253
57131
33373
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"OC^Q
-1Q= TO
02421
74240
25433
5705 "
55752
75454
7341"
33 33
M * ^*^
52310
37053
?0135
155 62
OS " 1 ^
53303
51 71 4
3 1 ~ 2 5
51925
28032
21332
2 T '' " "
- - - -
~ "> ,^, C '
--^: '-:.
53407
73 347
35152
86211
53432
56144
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57310
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^ 3^ C"
94477
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32320
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4 1335
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^ ^ -? o
10412
SS172
09355
43530
222 - 3
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* o o c a
n _ « ^ w
O ^,' *1 SX '
29554
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73302
52297
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1925]
35240
10153
22732
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i c _ 3 1
Q Q l-\ ^ 0
W ^-. . . *^
10493
54 335
93337
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95327
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c ^ c ~
46432
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234 57
77563
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50233
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33514
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04 .
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---- -
n s~ -
c i c. ', ->
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-------
_he sacvclm2 procedure is illuscratac oy tr.is ?~-ta-~-^ ^ *=. A school.
was visually inspected for friable materials. Five classrooms in an
annex were f curie to contain suspect ceiling nacena_s. All the natena
were Deleaved to be trie sane and thus comprise one Sampling Area ^SA, .
Approximate room dimensions wars obtained with a rape measure and
diagramed as snown in Figure I.-. Pertinent, inf crtiatior. such as dan^ag
nanfria.bla and inaccessible nateria_ls vas diagrantned and labelled.
The total area of friable materials in trie five classrooms deter-
nmes the nuz:ber of samples tc be taken frci: the 5.-.. The example SA is
10,080 square feet, as calculated b~
- 10,030 square feet.
Since this area is greater tnan 5,000 square feet, seven ssnpies are re-
The base and hiegnt of the SA were recorded or. the SILICTICN OF
5AMP1Z ICCAHOKS VO?j;S"£ZZr. The completed WCPJvSI-IZZT is shown in Figure
2.5. The example SA1s Dase is 132' (Note: 3-digit number) and height
is 90' (^ote: 2-cisit number). The seven sanvole locations vere cnosen
nuzibars vere crossed off as they are. greater than 132: 632, "15, 993,
671, 74i, and 511. Then the digits 021 vera circled ana used in the
first random nunber pair since the nunber 21 is between 0 and 132.
To find the second random number of this pair, 2-digit numbers were
considered. The digits 51 were circled since 51 is between 0 anc 90.
The first random nunber pair (21,51) was recorded on the SELECTION OF
SAMPLE LOCATIONS WOHI-CSHEET. (Keep in tiinc the nunber of rancor: cigits
is the sane as the nunber of digits in each dimension.) This procedure
was repeated until seven pairs of random numbers were selected.
-------
I.-... Ir. the example 5A, tr.e f^rst ranco- number pa:.r xs ,11,51:.
Ihis das-gnatas the pc:.nt II fee: free the left s:_de of tne rectangle
and 51 feet fron tne bottom of the rectangle. 3z.nce that point (21,51~
^s vith^n tne 3A, ^z LS a va~d sarpla location and was nark.ec an the
diagram. If a rancor nunber pa^r designates s. point within the rec-
tangle that is not viciiiz ths 5A, it is not us ad as a sample location
and tne ne^:t ranco~ number pair is <_:sec. In the example 3A, the th^rd
random nunber panr selected '103,13; tes^gnatec a po^nt outsice of the
3A and "-as disresardec.
Ihe plcttt-ng procedure was cont^nuec --^nt^l seven valid sample loca-
tions were specified oc the diagran. Each sampling location was assigned
a sa^ip"' ",,_tion nunber. (Azy sizple nu-bering syster: can be used so
long as each sanpla locaci,or: wt.thz.n a SA receives a unique nunber.)
In the example SA, sample locations were numbered from 201 to 207. The
unique ncn-sysceziatic sanple 11 nusbers for laboratory subr^^ssian were
ranccr_lv selected fro- a IA31Z OF RA1DCX DIGITS.
-------
1
U /\ r2~~~ 3 T, ' 13 .^ 0 " T1 !^ V °.' ' ' ' " ~~"V -^ Q'"" ' D " \! ^ C
/.irAr ; _.""\ ^ I l_~i«jvJ; v", i w I"* i ^»w~i_. i . r\w w I;! v, i (L>_
As previously scatec, a rigorous quality assurar.ce vQA; program is
important to ensure "he reliability cf results frc^; laboratory analyses.
Once a laboratory is chosen frcn the list in Appendix: A. the izipleraenta-
tc nan^tor laboratory output on a regular basis. If :.t is not possible
to choose a laocratory fro tr.is l^st, Aopenciic 3 cor.tai.ns s. procedure
rcr evaluating tne pertomance 01 an un:-cnovn laboratory.
A cua_t.ty assurance prograz: neec r.ot be pursued on an div^cual
school basis. In -a<~- nsasuras described here vould be aucr. t:ore
effective and useful vhen applied by a school district or other collec-
tion ot scnools. 3y utilizing a coordinated qu^.ty assurance prcgrani,
officials froTz nany schools or dt.strt.ct3 could greatly irprove t.ieir
chances of receiving reliable anc consistent Laborator-;* results.
Sp'-it-Sams'e Teen rlcues ~or Quality -ssurance
To carry out a successful quality assurance program requires that
3. certain rrooortion 01 spit~sanoj.es or susoect nateriais De tajien.
Therefore, tal
-------
compared. The z~»c samples might be analysed by two deferent labora-
tories. Cr.e vculc be trie laooraccry tr.at is to carry our the overall
program and the second vculc DS a cu2.ll.fi.EC labcratcrv, eicr.ar a comms:
cial facility (pernaps a badc-up laboratory in the even; the other
falters arid proves unreliable) or a noncommercial facility c.-at is vill
ing ro do a snail number of samples or. a 1'-" _ad basis bur unable to
handle a large program. Alramarivaly, bcrh parts of the split-sample
333-* se su'otiittad to the satie lab.
If the tvo parts of a split-sanple are not equiva-Lar.t, then tae
results reported by the laboratorr.es nay correctly differ signi-^cantl^
one fro~ the otner and pose difficult intarorstation oroblacis for tne
school official. The failure cf the laboratories to agree in their
analyses of the split-samples T=- -equira that all samples (split-
samples and ncn split-samples) be reanalyzed.
The laboratory reports for the split-samples will srate vhether
asbestos is present or absent in that sample. It is this point of tne
ana.lyt.ic5J. report - the orsser.ce or absence of asoestrs - vnich should
serve as tne tirst tocal point tor tr.e SCHOOL ctticia- in cecicing
whether the laboratory performance is acceptable or not for the program
To aid in tnls decision, the following procedure is recommencec:
The laocratory is performing satisfactorily if the numoer cf cisagree-
tvo portions cf tne split-samples is lass tr.an a pracetarminsd critical
analysed. The following table, basec on certain statistical conside-
rations [2], gives the critical number of disagreements for different
numbers of split-samples.
-------
.-.ccorcing to zr.is taoe, iz zvc or nore cii.5S.rrs2rr.sr.zs are ooservec ir.
Z1V6 SCliZ SaiZZleS , Or ZT.r ee GT TZCre CISagreenSn Z3 2.TS CbsefVSC for 3 1IC
oec z. Ow *~ ^ s o z r^ "*""" ~iano 1 ~ ~ne *"!'. TT* ^p^ ^ ^^^£c"*~^^'~°z>'*~ ~ ^_^ ~ ^s s ""ha^*
me crizical aur:bsr, z.ie laboratory's perzcrz:H.r.C£ zs sazi^zaczsr;-',
However, even if z.ie laboranjr'T is saziszaczorv, all STliz-sar.z:le re-
sulzs vr.z,ch do "oz a~rse ziusz De rssclvac.
C c n ~ ; n u i n c 0 u a 1 ; t v Assurance ? r o c r a rr
As previously srazec, cne procacurs rcr z^Dnz.zoriz;g _aooracory
perf crr-E.r.ce o- a- 3r.-gciz:g basz.s includes a carzair. proocrzz.on cf s~lz.z-
sasples for zr.e purpose of cua.lz.zy assuranca. The r.uz:oer of spliz-
sanples vz.zh differeacss bezveer. zhe zvc parzs of zr.e 3olz.z-sanpi= vz.ll
be so^izored as described Zo dezarziz-ne vhezher laboratory perfo
is acceptable.
depend on the expected number of samples zron zhe school Sj^stes. If ar.
unacceptable nunber cf disagreenenzs is nczac, then there is reason to
suspect zhe laboratory's perf orroance. In such a sz.tuatian, iz 1.3 sug-
geszed that the school official ask zhe laboratory zo investigate and
correct zhe cause (s) for these discrepancies. All samples analyzed
during zhe period tns laboratory's procedure is suspecz sust be reana-
-;C. a :
j-.ie sp_iz-saz:p.i.£3 ir. a scr.ooj. snou_d se civicec aor.g zr.e sarp-ing
areas. That is, all splits in a school should r.oz cone iron zne sane
Sampling Area, assuming tnat there is ncre zr.an cr.e Sar.plir.g Area ir. a
school.
The following flowcharts sunnarize the split-sample procedures
under situations vizh different zozal numbers of samples. Figure 3.1
(Case 1) is for school programs with less than 25 sanpies; Tigure 3.1
(Case 1} is for school programs with between 25 and IOC sanpies; anc
Figure 3.3 (Case 3) is for school programs with greazer than 130 sazzples
Note, it should be clear in examining zhe figures zhaz there are
several advantages if there is one statewide authority for the purpose
-------
jpl:.t-3ar:ple Procacures ?cr School Syscat
Wr.icr. rawer Liar. 2i Sarroles V:1 3e _-LnaI
Take a ^iir.^r--i^ or ^ sp_iz-sar:p-as ror rhe purpose of ^o^.i"orir.g.
If rhe aunber of spli"-saapi= d^sa.graener.cs ^3 1 or ^cre, cue labora-
tory's performance is suspect.. All the samples analyzed curing the
period when tr.e laboratory's procedure was suspect should be reanalyzsc
after the laboratory resolves tne prcblens.
If tae nunber of split-saziple disagreetisnts -3 less than rwc , t.ier
tr.e lab pert c mane a is cons^cersd satisfactory. However, all split-
sazipie cisagree^ants should be resolved. Mo furt.ier tionltort^ig is ra-
cut.rad for that labcratct-r.
-------
nave 3
Spiir-Sanples
f^r^A _L v 21 £C
nave -ao
Resolve -ns
^isf actor--'
I iiesoj.ve .-s
j Solic-Saa^Is
He ans.lv 2 sc
.No .-ur-.ier
lior.it.orizg
Recuired
iNo rurtnar
Recurred
Case 1: School Systens Per "nich
Thar. 25 San^les Will be AzLalv3--
-------
-ase -:
S ~ ^-" 3c~^OC~ S'^S^^'^S A"" ~'" ~'
as 'Over -5 3~- Nor C"ver 1-C
Oae out cf every 5 sacpies should be split. .ne results of eacr.
consecutive set of 5 split-sasiples should be ^or.i,torec. If 2 or i:ore
cisagressents are noted, the laboratory nust correct tne problems and
2.1 sarrplas analrzed during tr.e period vher. the lab procedure vas
suspect sr.ou_c oe re.?.r.a'-:-"ac.
Figure 2.^ assunes sets cz ; sp_itsanples. Ir tr.e nut:osr or
split-samples in a j^ven set :.= not a nultiple of 5, then use the
appropriate critical number in the table to detamt.ne tne unacceptable
number of disagreenents.
-------
- -C ^.z. - o r zi £
et One cf
Samples Be
~ ** ~" 3 2/""1 "w ^ a
vo-_2.-cr a
Sec of 5
-as i
-\escive
ie Prohi ass !
gure
.2 2ase 2: School Syscecs With I>:pecred
Number of Samples 'O/ar 25 5u; Ncc Ove
-------
p-ii-iamp-e --rocecures :c~ icr.oc_ systems
*":.th. E:ct>eccec Numoer cf Sauries Ove
One out cf ever:* 5 samples among the firs. 130 samples should be a
split-sample. Jor these split-samples, the result of each consecutive
set cf 5 split-saupias should be aonitsred. If 2 cr acre disagreements
a~2 noted, the laboratory's procedure is suspect. All trie samples
analyzed during tne period when the lab procedure vas suspect should be
reanalyzed after the laboratory resolves tne problems.
After the first IOC sanoles, the spl^csantle raie ~~~- be recuced
to 1 in everv 1C samoles. Then the results of eacr. consecuttve block oi
20 split-samples should be ncn^tored. If 5 or more disagreements are
noted in the results of any block, the lac procedure ma3/ be suspect.
All the samples analysed during the period when the lab procedure vas
susoect snould be reanalyzed after the labcrator resolves the oraclass.
-------
ia.-p_2Si
j Lac. One of
5 Sazplas 3s
Disagreements
Lass Than
iLat _ or LJ
SazipLas 3e
Mcnizcr a Sec '
of 20 SpLic- !
possibie)
Resolve che i
Problems j
c.ave
uase j: scnoci Sysceas W
Over 100.
icn Expected Nunbar of Ssm-les
-------
~ LJ * DT~D '; , ! rt ^^, ~ * ,o n V A M A ! V
-H.-i I i_;\ - I '.£>O i \r, . vr\ i nUrtL. i
Now that trie asbestos analytical progran is established and samples
have bear, collected, the "blind" samples are sent to a qualified labora-
tory for analysis. Tc ensure ccirplerensss and car-sisrenc].' in za= daca
received fron laboratories, rhis chapcar provides a lA30B--.r03.3 DAI A
SHZZ7 wr^-ih should acoo^pany all samples.
When -he anal"-"~ical results are received, chs asbestos anal"-"~ical
^"*"o ?"**?T* co o** d"* *^ " ~ o"" w^."" ne°d ~ ^ - 3 3"" -a *~ c hen ^ s "'*"""" s~a^sca«.
analysis is provided to facilir,aze rnis process.
The calculation of 9C% confidence iniarvais as ouclined below pro-
vides interval eseisates of the asbestos content ir. each Sampling Area.
The neaning of this estiriate can be described as follows: If sampling
is repeated IOC tides and a confidence interval is calculated each tine,
ther. 9G of the 100 confidence intervals for the Sanvoling Area vill con-
tain the true average concentration of asbestos ir. that Sar.pli.ng Area.
" c r w a r c i n c S a rn o 1 e s to L a b o ^ a t o »" v
ratory reporting fom is proviced. Pertinent recuastec infornation in-
cludes :
(I) Ihe Sanole Identification N'u~ber
Ihe analyst should not know whether he or she is running a
saaple analysis. lo assure chat all saaoles are run "blind",
icentirication nur:oer assignee DV tne asoestos analytical
orogran coordinator. Do not use sanple location numbers.
(2) Ihe Analytical Method(5) Used In the Analysis
Ihe method of choice is pclariced light microscopy with or
without dispersion staining and X-ray diffraction as appro-
priate (see Appendix H of [ij).
-------
the steps taken to assure tr.ac proper analytical sampling vas
employee. If che analyst selects cr.lv fibrous-looking par-
ticles from the sample suomitrec for analysis, he or sne is
apt to miss small pea-like coated aggregates of asoestos vr.ich
were forced during the spray-on procedure at the tine of
application. Improper sampling by the analyst nay result in a
false negative, i.e., reporting no asbestos present when it is
in the sample. Several slides may be required for accurate
analysis of the sanple.
Sotse analysts prepare tns sample by grinding or vasning prior
to nicroscopic analysis. This process should be briefly
described.
(5) Amount of Material Examined
(ng)
( 8 ) T7"oe and Percent of Asbestos ?resant
The analyse should icenrify all asbestos fibrous natarials and
the percent of each type present and specify association pre-
cisian.
(~) Percent Total Asbestos Present in Sample
( 3 "! T'-'pe^'s'.1 and .Amount 3N| of Other "ibrous Materials
The non asoestos fibrous naterials snoulc oe iiantifiec as tc
tvpe',5; v>~itn an estmata of ;ne a~ounc of eacn tv-oe rresent .
The rrecision to be associated vitn tr.e percentage reoortec
shoulc also be specified. The basis for that judgement and
characterization should be provided. Such verification nay
help to minimize the reporting of false negatives (i.e.,
reporting asbestos as cellulose) or false positives (i.e.,
reporting :ioerg_ass as cnrysotile).
(9) Type(s) and Aaount(s) of Nonfibrous Material Present
(10) Description of Method of Ouantitation
(11) Description of Laboratory's Quality Control Program
The laboratory should give appropriate comments on tneir in-
house "good laboratory practices" that provide quality control
-------
? I 5 = iSiMi 2^"i ="
a -j c s o : a - - . ^
O - w -3 :
5. i. X
Csl ' -c1
~ <
<: < ^ i.
-------
Corrsetter. r_ease:
roins ts:
-------
~~c.~"!5~~C2i ,-. " : i V S " S C~ L ~ 0 C " S ~ C *" '' K £ S U ^ S
Because of trie imperfection of the analytical cacr.n:_ques currently
available for bulk sample analysis and the heterogeneous nature of chase
friable materials, it is not unusual co get =. range cf rasulcs reported
c wouj-C oe unusua tor tne asoestos coiz.cancrac2.2Tis tor a_.i cnraa, zi.ve,
or seven samples reported co be vichir. a few oercenc of each orher.
ror chac reascc., a scaciscical analysis nusc be performed co com-
pute a coniidance incarval for che average percentage af asbestos
within a Sampling Araa. The procedure outlined below vas developed to
be simple and aasy-co follow and is accompanied 07 a orc.af a^planati.on.
sence or absence of asbestos in t.ie 3ac:pli.ng Area. If the er.tt.re c
is oe^ow _,, tnen conc_uce tnat asoestos is not present.
If the entire confidence interval-is above 1%, then conclude that asbes-
tos is present. If the confidence interval contains the value 1%, then
there is still seme question as to the presence or absenca of asbestos
in the Sampling Area.
Note that the upper bound can be interpreted as a maxnmum probable'
value. To narrow the confidence interval, it wculd be necessary to ta.-;e
a second series of samples. Obtaining a mere precise estimate wr.sn tr.e
maximum probable value is sma_Ll would net normally warrant the addition-
al expense involvec in a second series of samples.
anc s. decision en corrective action should be made accorcing to tne
guidelines presented in Asoestos-Ccntain-ns Material5 in School Build-
ings: A Guidance Document, Part 1 [1].
A STATISTICS COMPUTATION WORKSHEET and instructions are provided in
this section. A completed w'CSKSHEET is also shown. In these calcu-
:he 1A3C
EATORY DATA SHEET titled "Percent Total Asbestos Present in Sample".
Compute one confidence interval for each Sampling Area.
-------
" G
INS":"?..UC'rIOXS rOB. S"'-""I5~~C3 COMPL""1.-"CV WCS""
L-sz tr.e rasu-.cs or rr.s -aocrarcry ar.a_y3:.s of :r.a rr:.<2.ol =
nazar :.£.!. Thara snoulc as 3, 5 cr 7 observations ;o enzar :.~
colunr. ,'A; . The orcar of ar.cry :.s u^inpcrtar.:. Ir. coluzs (3;
an:ar :ne scuare of rne number iz colur:r. (A) . Sun oozr. cciuz^s.
Percez: asbestos Sauaras of colurr. C.-.}
x Jl - 15.
_ne auaiba~ 01 bulk sanplas ;akan. Should be 3, 3 o:
or Zsanula: Jrczi above N =
he ziaas is ens sus of :ha observazions divided oy the
ube of bulk san^las cakaz.
CA) IS
i ISO -
-------
The standard deviation VSD) is the square root of the 5 =
variance.
The half-range (H5.) depends or. tne number of samples or observa-
tions, and is tne product of the standard ceviaticn 'SD) and
one of the following constants.
H2. = (SD) tines
Q.95
0.73
?or Ixa-tle: HE =
"II. Confidence bounds are the upper and lower linits of the confi-
dence interval and are found- by subtracting the half-range frcn
Che aean to obtain the lower confidence bound, and adding the
half-range to the aean to get the upper confidence bound.
?or Zsacpla;
lower Confidence Bound = (C) £ ','. - (ER) 7'
= (1C3) -A 7V* r.
"pper Confidence 3ounc = ':; (* " - (HZ) 1
The 9C% Confidence Interval (CI) consists of all tne nunbers berwet
the uc^er anc lower confidence bcuncs.
NOTZ: Negative values can be achieved through this statistical
analysis process. Since there obviously cannot be a negative
concentration or asoestos in a ceiling, ail negative values sno
be considered ecuivalent to zero.
If the 90" CI Then conclude
is below 1" asbestos absent
is above 1" asbestos present
contains 1J« uncertain
'or Exa-ole: The 9C% CI (-1.7-%, 13.7i") contains If., tr.ere
renains uncertainty as to the presence or absence
of asbestos.
-------
(3)
No. af
observations (3, 5 or 7), N
^ * "\ C f » >» * "^ A T , mT
J '^... W ^J*J _ - -
C . 95
j . "3
- ^ jr^ K- a
Lover Confidence Bound (1C3) = Hear. - E?,
CLC3)
** ->,- O
(C)
(UCB)
3P*
-3 awCve. u,. wCr*duc= asbsscos
;sen
rase
-------
(3)
i^c . cr cossz""
5c~ jf Ccl-^zr. (A)
N-l
card Deviazicz (5D) = y
he half-range (H2.)
ar CcrLfidance Sound (LC3) = Mean - H?,
= C) r^
r» c~ = * (* C3) (ucz' * = '
j is ?e.ov _;<,. Conduce asoesccs abse
i is above 1^. Conduce asbeszos rr^s
-------
Asbastas Ccniainnng Mazari.al.3 n 3c.~cc_ Sui^-cings : A Guidance
Doc'-aesr, Parr 1. Office of Peszicides and Tcrcic Subscances,
Unizac Scales Znvircnmsncal Prozsczicn Agency, }iarch 1979.
Rao, A."., D. lucas and T. H-ar-vell, Analyiical Programs for
Cf~ "^ ^M"* w * *-- .. *^.t «. ,^_« "-"^ *- j .. -* »* .«.-.£. *.
Tanraiiv-e Xeihcd for rhe Decaminaz^an of Asbescifors ^iiaarals ir
3 ii-I- si ^ f^r?"*1' s b*^ "^o*s-**"t'Ta*H' T~|"c*"i'~ M1^* ^* "^ r*< s c o cH^"« ^nv*"" o win sn ** s^ ^ Mon"1' "^
coring Syszans Laboratory, 'Jnizac Szazas Znrironmsnzal. Prozaczior
Agency, Rasaarcr. Iri-angla Park, North Carolina, "sbuary 193C.
Ienza:i"e Mazncc for zha Dezaminazion of Asoesziforz: Minerals ir
3ulk Insulari.cn Sanxcias b~ X-P-ay Powcar Diffraczion, Environzienz^
Brazil", I.?. Jr., 2.nc 3. 1. lar:;c£c., Asbesias Sulk Sample Analy
r ; -- -- " 3
-------
APPENDIX A; E?A-SPONSOR=D QUALITY ASSURANCE ROUND ROSIN
FOR ASBESTOS SULK SAMPLE ANALYSIS
-------
I?A-Sponsorad Quality Assurance Round ?.c-in
"or Asbastos 3ul.-; 5an~la Analvsis
_-rcvt.ng puo_ic ccncam vien cne a::: acts or exposure to asoesccs
sis to decerr.ina the concent of bulk insulation samples. Ir. ens ;oursa
ci.ffsr3n.c2s 'nava bean ^.ccac in =-~-'_v~l~^_' sar~.~i.cas con.~rs.ciac fsr by
public school systa~3. Discrepanclas ascng la.bcraccrias 25.y be a.t~ri-
bucac cc variaciccs in a.na_lyzic3l nacncds, lacl-: cf a.pprcpri£.c= rafarsnc;
cacaccing asbest.es in bull-; insul2.dcn sar.plas [1] I?A is spcr.scring a
quality assurance program ciractad at qualifying, to = lir-tad ax-ant,
tha sarvlcas trovicad by co^rtsrcial labotatarias claitiing capability in
j i
participata in tna progras. Accepting labcratcrias vere prcvidad vith
four charac-arirad sanplas and thair analytical rapcrts --era ccnparad
net saai: tc cartif" cr andcrse oarti.ci::act_n2 labcratcrias. .-. ^erfcmanca
laccratcry.
labcratcrias r.ac 3=ar. r-ctifiac at tr.5 start cf t.-.a rrr'act t.~2.t
sucr. 2. rating voulc oa naca. Participation in the progran vas raquirac
for labcratcrias to ba included on tha published listing.
Four bulk sanplas vera sent to each laboratory. Tvo containec
asbestos fibers, anthophyllite and chrysotila, and tvc vera non-asbestos
fiber natarial, nineral vocl and fiberglass, cccmcnly found in insula-
tions. The sanples vere dcubiebagged, coded, and packaged vizh s.
reporting fern and instructions for analysis. Sample pac.cagas vera
nailed en Decenoer 13, _579, to all laocratcrias en the source listing.
Seventy-one percent of the laboratories contacted repartee results
including 52 of 72 ccn-cercial labs
-------
3.esu_z.3 ir.c_ucac vare racaivac. cr. cr oezcr= January _; , 170^. .-or z.-.a
3GG ("3 :: -) samples ar_a_yzad, r.c false nszazivas anc crLly zvo falsa
cf Char E.i_ll, :?ev Jersey ar-d ?rz,r,cazc- reszxiig labcrazcry cf ?rir.ca-
;cr., Nev Jarsey, ir.ccrractly idazzz.f^ac ^^.zaral vocl ir. Sarpl= 1 as
crccicclz.12 a-c azissira, raspeczivaly . All a char laboraror^as ^ian-
^ isc Sample 1 as airj^ar naral vocl, fiberglass cr glass vocl.
An-hcphvllz.za asbesccs vas fracuar.zl" zisi.dar.ci_f z.ac as ai.;hsr aruc
3^:a (15 labs) or -ranalira (1C labs) . th^s vas nost likely dua ;o u=-
fariiliariry viir. a-chophyll^ce-asbascos because ^c sia^dard rafaranca
sariplas a2:i3t a-d i; ^3 -cz cams2j.y -ausi i- i^stilaz^cr. zatarials .
Fiberglass vas ^can.ifiad as fiberglass, r.^naral vccl, cr glass vocl by
;crias. Chryscz^la is rha rjzsz ccmcr. asbastcs fiber fcu-c i- ii3-^la-
Taa labcrazcr^as ascir^arasi rha ralazive spouses cf 3ar:pia csuszi-
cuaars . These as-^raras vers avaragec for each sample loc, disragarding
ir.ciucac cr. rapcr~3 to zhe labcrazcrias . The iisrribuzicn of quanci-za-
ziva as~ir^a:as vara raccrdac on hiszcgrarus ir. 5 percar.z i-zrarvais. Tha
ciaca zhe.T-- elves vi.zr.in zhe diszrz,buricr. . Because of zhs lack cf ar.
zcry, ar.d surrrary caza cr. quar.ci,zaz^ve eszz^azas. Az esar:pl£ of zhe ra-
ocrzs zc labcrazcries is shave ir. "igura A-l.
-------
ASES57CS BULK SA,YirL = Ai\ALvS;S PROGRAM
A, .stcs =-3sgn-: '"/-
Chrisr =;br3iis Maoris:
38 m:nsr2i woe
25-
^L'rrimarv GT -.accraTorTs; -
Mean % (Star.carc cavsaxiar
DijtribLmon "f Aiirsrrcs d:
0 (C)
C (C)
S^rr.zis !.2. -: SCI
S 10
: .
533
§-
5=
j»M-J * -.Jf ^^- * *^^1 *-^ i
57 j
zJ^szi~_£ cr ^e^crzs 10
-------
laborator
Assurance ?.our.c 3.cbin
New Mexico 37103
_asa_ina Associates, _r.c.
-7-3-5 Mana.-cea Roac
Xaneoiia , rlavaii 967
Dr. San; I. Casaiina
Union. New Jersey 07OS2
Mr. James McVeign
201/636-^500
Anerican Microscopy laboratory
D. 3HO 12th Avenue £.
Toscalocsa, Alabama 25105
Mr. M. A. Beg
"_*.!,. ^, "^ a v -3 c T~* ^ ^ '"I
*^OU^j wGZl , -^^3,5 / / w^.*J
2*r. W. C. Rn^nsLs
715/676-01H
aoeing Technology Se"'icss
co- ?
?. 0. 3os 3"G7
Seattle, Wasnmgton 93121
. Sherry Merritt
29C5 last 2en.ur;: Boulevard
Mr. Scuar. Salot
'56^-261
25711 Souchfieic Road
3cb Liecxfield
-o-Loraco 2cnoc_ c; Mine:
Research Institute
?. 0. 3os 112
Golden, Colorado 30101
Mr. Jerome Krau.se
303/279-2531
f!nnr-
57i2 Skillsar.
Dallas, Texas 7
Mr. David Mc.Va=3
3rand~ A
?. C. 3cx 31
35 ast. Harc^ns rlizhvav
3 C ? ,' 0 -.C
ocolulLi, Hawaii 96310
Mr. Wayne Nasagawa
SUNr. New ?a_tz
New Paitn, New York
Dr. Martin Rutstein
911/257-2166
135 Vest Cutting Blvd.
Ricnncad. California 313C1
Mr. Bri^ ?. Tainavo
115/231-3761
Department of Geology
Illinois State Universitv
Norsiai, Illinois 61761
Dr. James Kircnner
309 ''136-892^
-------
-'Unn Geosciencs -crporatioc
5 .\rorthway Lane Nortn
Latnac, N~ev Tor.< 12110
irun, r.i.Tie .-.ssoctates
311 Sko.-:i= Boulevarc
Nortnbroon, Illinois 5G061
^^
-astern Analytical laboratories
Burlington. Massachusetts
Mr. Robert L. MacD'cnald
Z21S laboratories
12317 Crensnaw Boulevard
Hat.noms, Calif cmia 9G25C
Ms. 3. M. Tooper
. Associates, nc.
_^ »c^cy 'j'^rovs .^csc
rvilla, .^arylarid 22850
Mr . Jonn. W<»'o;IT?
301/9^5-7400
--v_A -ortoration
Tecnology Divisi:
Burlington Road
Bedford, Mass a en1.
Dr. Charles Spoor
C-ecscience Consul
?. 0. Box 3-1356
:-les , Tic
:ica
Mr. Jose Hccmorec
407 X. Butrick St.
WaukegEZ. Illinois 5002:
Ms. Fay Goldblact
312/2^9-1745
ZzTiro-Jied laboratories, Inc.
Ruston, Louisiana 71270
jr. Robert V. Floumcv
313/255-0060
.lager _a;
12000 Z.
Denver, ;
Dr. Robe:
t, n -5 ,"5-i _
~ V ^ , ^ / -
sratorias
7tn Avenue
iloracc 3023:
: Haeer. Jr.
nt/One Co rt!o ration
2"~3 Balitowc. Road
Scnenectadv, New "or:: 12301
.lanser i-ascratories
5630 Central Avene
P.O. Box G
303; 3-<-c62
509/779-1195
services. _nc.
5206 Iindbersn 31"d.
onio -o' ^
Mr. Aian W. Villiaas
- "> / oo-; -00" "
Erie Testing Laboratories
**, t *\ * * -i"* «
^ - 0 i w . 2 c " n ^ t. r s s t.
Health. Science Associates
Suite 3/C
10941 Blocrcfield Strsst
Los Alacitos , California 90"
Ms . Katnv Jones
Herroa Testing Laboratories
5405 Schaaf Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44131
Mr . Boo "laddad
215/524-1450
Mr. Mar;: R3acistsr
-------
.-.as:
3301 Winton Roac
1513 Kalar.aua Aven.ua
Suite 101
Honolulu, Hawaii 96325
Mr. Jr^c Her-ism
303/5-19-6191
735 New York Avenue
:lr. James Scr.^rr^
Indiiscr^il Ieszin.g Laborazcrz.es, Inc.
2250 Sevsnch Blvd.
Sz. Louis, Jlissourz 65101
iir . William A. Zddia
311/771-7111
Insczzurs for Research, Inc.
323G Weszgian Drive
_r . Ban j aszn. iiosi.er
713 / ~33- 3^-00
?. Z. Draver "C"
509 .Izd die Nec:< Read
"
Mr. Jo sec a H. Gutn.
304/853-3813
Jesse H. Bi-dansaz & Associates,
Dr. Jesse H. Bidanset
516/329-3763
lav^ronaenzal Analyses Lab Div^sicz
2030 Wri2b.- Avsn.ua
ac.
475 ''235-2533
Marvlanc Mineral Analysis Labcratorv
Collage ?ar^. Maryland 2C7-0
301/-5--35-3
MJH Associates
Mineralogical Consulzanz.3
13345 Foliage Avenue
Appla Valley, Mz.nnesoza 5512
Mr. Miciael L. Bouchar
512/432-3235
}?orth.ro-3 Services, Inc.
?. 0. Bos 12213
rcasearcn .rzangj.2 . arit. Ncrzn _ar~_zna
M~. R r
519/5-9-0611
?. 0. Bex 3103
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
Mr. Gene Dennisen
509/452-9050
R. J. Xuryvial i Associates
MeZerolo-v Consultants
12135 W. 3"29zh Place
Lakewcoc, Colorado 30215
Dr. Robert
-------
Rossnasal ~ Associates, Inc.
Medicrd, Nev Jsrse^ C3C55
irt-itata ..aocracortss . _nc .
5- ~*es tcnes r.er I'rt'^e
ioutnwestern -aocratcrtes
?. 0. Box 1063"
jsllas, Texas ~520~
Mr. Garr C'-icLa
11-/S5S-OOSS
cree
Los Angeles
5ou.ihwest.sm i^aoarat.o
?. 0. Box S763
Housc.sc., Texas ~7009
"13/692-9151
con^t.sc bta^ = s -esz.^z.g Lsir.pa.zy,
1-+15 Park Aveaua
Hobo sen., New Jersey C703C
"r. Ray Rob inson
7-OS ?anz^z 3l.
Houscon, Texas
iir. Doaald Ilory
713/730-13QQ
22ta.i Services Aa.aly~.ical Laboratory
494 Metro Sauars 3ni.lding
"th and Robert Streets
M-.nr:esota 5
v-ac. -i3ir.ecica_
520 "Wasara Way
301/453-3267
"Walter iicCroaa Associates, Inc.
2S20 S. Miciigaa Avenge
Chicago, Illinois 60616
nr. Jchz Delly
312/842-7100
5ur-belt Associates, Inc.
^v _.
Znvirocasntal Eealtz La'ocrater"
2000 Westvood Dr.
'Wausau., Wisconsin 54-101
Mr T'zarr.as 5ta"ros
"15,3-3-5211
3 Pine Hill Court
Northpcrt, Nsv Ysr'x 11768
Mr. Thomas A. Kubic
516/261-2117
ACtar.cioz: Dr. Josa:
New Jersey Instt;ui=
"" 2 "* """' ^ r* ^ c ~ e c
Navark, Nev Jersey C"
-------
APPENDIX 3; QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR INITIAL
LABORATORY EVALUATION
-------
- "V\ y* 2 ->>-' -i'-" ,,- - -»,.
.^*Jt -.-J ' .» ^ C i U £ w 1 iw i '
being used in 3. school's asbeszcs ana_yzical prograrz. .-_11 zr.e labcra-
zories on zne li.sz in Appendi:-: A have cacicnszrazac prsfi.ci£r.cy vizh
zr.sse analyzical zechr-icues a.^d should be ucil^zad by school syscans.
In :h.a sve-; -.-£.: a scac= cr schccl discric: salecrs a labcra:cry
s~ 3^ -ha li.sz vn.i.ch do~s zee hsvs doc"j.^£S.Z2c svidsncs cf suczassivil
--i-i^-T' cf :vas~7-five splir-sanplas fsr judgu:g zhe accepzabillry cf a
laboratory's p2rfcmar.ee. If ;ha zur:ber cf disagresna^-s is nor= :ha- 5,
zh.an -he laborE~2ry!3 perfornazca is suspacz. Thar a oay be sizuazions
iz vhizh iz is ^c~ passible zo ha^e rvenzy-five spliz-sa^ples, buz zha
school cff^zi.al vc'^ild lii-ca zo have incependen; evidence of zne carzor-
spiiz-saz:ples. If zvo cr z:or= disagreazianzs are obsarvec ir: zr.asa fz.va
spliz-sazzoles, zha labcrazor^"' s perf crrmnce vill be considered suspecz.
The scnccl czfici,al has zvc cczic-s. If z.-a rasulzs of z.ia spliz-
sazzola azialvsas £.re ^r.sazi.sf aczor-, ra-ec; c-a cr cczn cf z.~a _accra-
problars 5urrcu-c.i-g zr.e disasrse-er.zs. A.-.er. zr.a laccrazory has izenzi-
fied ar-d correczec zr.e prcbler, re-subni: a r.=v sez cf spliz-sarzpias azc
agair. compare zhe ar^alyzicai rasulzs ir. order zo insure chaz the prsblaz:
.ias been resolved. Cf course, if zhs official is szill .r.s.3.2" afzer
sanding several spl-z-sa-oles zo a laborazcry, he zuy opz zc spii: every
sample zhsz he sends zc zhe iaborazcry.
In eiz.-.er case - idenzifying nev laborazorias or resolving zhs
problaas az 'nand vizn previously saleczed laborazcries - zr.e scnocl
official should ncz forvarc iarse r-uczbers cf sa-cles for =na.Ivsi.s unzil
-------
assur;
less '
-------
Have Ac least
Scliz-Sarcles
De terrene
The Criri:
Number ~~
me
lems ar
is suspecz. .- 3;
zac ry zhe lab (s.i:
e resolved) or by
asochar ab .
Nc
-ava _ac
o, - ,<
Spliz-Sarpls
-as e _ :
-------
1Z~ SaiZw 3 .
.3a.sr5siian.Z3
= resu_Z3 cf
s coservsc in
h.es e 25 5yl:.z
irs resc_vec, or iz azoz.ier
resolved.
i
! ^» £ S C .*. V 3 C « £
j
I
i
i
\
i
i -. ^_ - ^
Inizial OA
I
-
-------
r. dz-zz-z as z.z is usac . T.IC.S prsvar.zs
'c. . . z: .ar. -nca £r.c aso is i zvrar r.^;
calls vr.ara c.~a list cigir _:sac vas l-caiac ar.^ z.-.a.; :r.= f;l-
rac^^c zusbar ?s.^r is :c be bervasz
g rr.e ;asa cf ;hs racz
:^ is lass :.-^z or acu&
e larg
as
is ass ;ar.
acus "s bu: gr=a.; =
ciiz sr. ^s= :-.= 3£ac=
zci r.c. r2C£s.z ins z~cczz.c~ %c 5.,
zha digizs s^d use zr.s salaczad r.ucbar. If z.ia suzbar is
z^bla £r.c rspaa.z ir.szruczicr. (5)b.
r.a ~un:oar is _ass zr.£.r. or aqual zc zr.= la~g:.~. z.-.ar.
z.rala zr.a digizs ar.c use zhe saleczac r-urzoar. If zha
usoer is rre^zar zr.a- zr.a lar.gz.-, zr.an cress zhe digizs
rr z.~a z^.cla ic:c rscaaz izs: rucic.cn ''5}c.
Prccaad as IT. mszruczz.c-- C5^c, bu: sa_ = cz fcur-cisiz
- A-.i.C,-!
-------
~ie saccr-c suzissr -; a rszccr -u=rer ?£:.r -3 30 ^£ oervasr. ^
.cd ma 75C"a.~zls .laig.-.:. vr.ara -r.= racz^r.gl^ .-.=^.5.-; -5 cr.=
. e .= = .
ave esc
-------
57
44552 45153 7-032 3312' 02532 5-3~2 555"? 72932 56550 2SC53
99457 42725 50959 -.2223 56135 35074 332 = 2 31523 51105 £7413
30220 11450 72504 35472 51054 47255 524C3 73119 07511 73475
05734 40245 77132 05454 20C24 25052 12507 27745 7254,0 77341
slcwl 33040 31301 27113 71410 00794 71913 35327 07353 439c2
20122 29535 45454 35245 32145 44411 74090 73115 55125 47529
92577 3S177 70S73 562 = 2 94253 94425 2S510 84533 71494 75555
20634 55942 49147 0=243 75430 05002 72922 14215 12257 07155
V
nc"~ST "-700 -JPco ^'"*IQ s "> "! e CL'-'^C. ~~nn' ^z.<--> ."in "5.1 .i ""''OS
UwOGi *.W I W ^. w W w J ^l wJ UW.J < ^4ri V
'? /^ "^ o*?*nQ *^o""-* ?'^'~^c '^on^ ri'^Q"? /^^c v->-^ ^ »*5^^» 7'"'*«
*.~'*w* u«^^-3 ^vJUUo UT^-W w*.'^ -s.w.« j^^^i w
13222 52745 03050 037"'' ScO^"-1 ^7530 ""202- 5594- 9G25C 52690
54122 99340 50225 23509 03125 55253 "2232 25210 10577 57522
07735 11-45 25309 00-39 SE^Sc 2"257 230-- 23220 15315 52172
55522 S1325 12175 54S51 OS704 33514 95470 OS114 25112 43110
373SS 73S31 10551 55625 50325 57411 03134 24427 43322 55507
22442 94C22 2S321 42701 53531 19311 42131 51341 OS4S7 21465
22021 54521 35333 73733 22505 42204 02517 77223 33504 34733
7-537 72-31 C50'3 10565 ''2C75 0991 - 2£3"" ^ 732ri S2"15 ^2352
72313 04504 3S173 33101 22520 5371S 55552 352=1 31001 23713
26212 47235 07354 32=34 7229S 420S1 7"32S 43203 SIS1S 00402
04034 34373 42422 39407 30535 39541 11739 CS233 34200 92455
OS73S 25056 07052 41722 32225 25912 39522 30506 90052 17421
31322 GC2CS 94534 40314 55271 31022 22225 2S054 15330
11599 40222 31503 95101 07E52 48490 40053 32735 55051 24213
7E225 25555 31310 42731 33145 27317 22564 32340 73371 44123
453c7 33341 12173 53333 22555 35202 05350 45341 "3456 25132
712S5 35559 04405 5S23S 02070 5750S 97555 21323 05351 22232
54442 26299 13335 79329 36352 56415 21529 952S1 27457 50425
91306 50720 9410S 12507 511S2 21990 71202 22355 74515 99592
47900 04052 271S4 57140 65332 217E5 72223 01555 30575 21505
05354 45245 32372 53320 05351 45402 5312S 21791 70932 71557
32523 33703 05S4S 59532 55134 23220 22232 0071' 53323 49323
01007 23533 00933 33322 94S25 75620 53754 19570 54557 42251
STHJQ QC^C1* -»-.^^-. 3"'?C' C^UC* CP(^"'" ^^O^^ CC~*"~ ^ ' ^ ^ ''"iCi^
IW^« V^WVA * m* * ^ ^ wv^vW^ «^<^W* ^wLf««l ww ti'M ww^/« Iw^av* ^ " » w
474£5 "4462 033S-. 91735 04492 2627-- 05525 55523 25472 40125
05479 73450 52521 0532s 422S2 530SC 3C53C 11215 35705 23272
70795 53225 13323 54392 252"; 22442 1067C 30151 11517 31744
93132 15567 542SO 75532 5653" S1CS4 03520 7404" 51702 55114
-------
-oc_, 3»442 39342 45355 04332 54522
74735 12SC2 44149 53 = 22 0-1157 73253 14525 34714 52340 25C25
C2034 10235 55355 02042 2C27C 43332 71=14 2CS2S 7159S 94737
10392 23239 2-7'- C5-"2 1-972 -273" -2551 39-35 ""57" 5-"2'1
55104 1312 = 71404 75304 5332S 57253 54453 C7251 22749 33433
577C2 22035 21275 30353 33215 37355 22223 04721 537~1 71920
12705 74257 234=1 51295 G2179 OS129 52500 050=3 33371 12730
71542 G54C2 5COQ5 2.5559 55565 33510 71534 22332 15735 12227
22S15 7C55" 45357 01750 11=15 9S345 324CC 23472 5C533 34225
S~*^O^ ^ .i J * «» ^ "2 ' " 2 i*^ "2^ ' -? « « G * 1J C ^ "? , ,! .^ ,i w S C "? *L^*"O 5 G ^ «
22531
05531
94242 11143 33337 71224 04252 57555 2£145 25952 45503 2C275
22054 34S53 20349 23047 12752 77134 42374 31553 40501 3C532
234£3 99230 Z4221 122=2 507=3 22705 31402 46572 32047 24255
230=3 13511 255C1 43505 35511 52537 75759 02700 44251 540C2
00255 37555 20539 9C262 3 = 904 37015 22350 73525 03-13G 5252"
13735 92590 9342= 02515 21334 53521 32133 35532 43113 53137
54520 0225" 52273 5425'3 2214S 25431 14200 45223 737 = 5 117C5
77433 71132 5G775 53225 77772 13577 22723 55231 52541 32225
06S20 55515 54245 47322 13499 75223 45345 43235 13342 2355_2__
04213 2QC2S 03322 15032 43730 23373 3725c 34104 05549 77245
=5,^-!s zz--r ±--zi ^- = --
^<^^J-rf^ W^^^fW ^ ^ ^ 4_ ^IWV..V
?
55044 52595 24739 51227 44505 423"? 30712 332
22940 00735 77009 12SC5 03723 23705 530=2 27224 20713 42273
01300 22273 S0475 27357 60550 95S24 3S513 53395 10317 53221
43334 24535 09543 74345 222~5 74232 33357 33325 57127 OC511
73457 50641 "7155 20473 93311 35434 45577 37215 13325 55905
55375 37503 53342 22734 44385 70123 04530 50284 45425 70525
31203 37222 "3-~2 "4335 """20 -73"" --1---2 73222 523"" 3-"59
-------
27137 31054 45215 54212 52525 532£2 0250S 32110 21532 55227
4 40-': 2744 343 = 2 25473
47220 73000 0356= 743" 05530 39553 07453 17425 03203 11227
w >w * 5 J wwC = j « 0 o 31 c 1 12 5 2 c 2 o ~ 03042 c 3 9 0 4 3 o 0 w 1 74144
£5235 C5534 44203 05302 13431 32125 5535C 22340 54379 22212
25343 5CCS1 44511 437GO 54272 30200 737S7 15552 13302 55325
41774 54235 05345 57370 74027 45135 05222 42353 S453 31227
02254 35~35 35555 25222 33205 24552 2S~13 3GS54 23132 35253
33385 03332 ~~r~3 3"372 22542 31125 54532 70122 12"2C 74553
57S44 15733 45141 772S1
25472 25335 02753 43232 OS722 22S13 422S3 5C159 33550 12543
30S41 14121 22434 52327 55420 12243 55143 47054 51:07 334~5
15200 4S456 53754 20111 2SCf2 75573 32273 3SS32 53732 27541
C2704 21433 2C373 2717= 73S22 33525 35425 22275 S~323 23715
OSS73 13222 77725 ^5^52 2277C 0735- 22039 '-'52-4 20395 052-5
5S734 51143 3S520 33225 23CC5 31411 23545 40136 35101 3SS2S
9 2 So T S3 o**- 3 SO * C £C*-"5 45G^ 9S5T3 4-- 3 S3 'S5G3 5 " * 52. T"T92
3S251 51960 020S2 -4373 223C3 54134 41513 20437 2255-. 53^34
34346 35350 13540 24501 53251 35224 12525 12552 S~:,~6 30~4-3
CO ' I 2 '£-"-
3S322 11735 23551 27031 32012 54229 54233 33240 57450 15572
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APPENDIX
r ^d P ",;
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?as~. i ~C"Z.z Suesrazcas 3raz.cn
_aas, _axas
(114) "57-273-
25 Jedaral Plaza
Mav Tork., Mev T
Tor:--. 1CGC
E2A P.agior. ~I
Rocc 15 CC
Mr. rra- jougr.ar, Asses-cs -cc:
I?A P.aa^cc, 2ZI
Sixih Se Walnuc S~raez3
?hiladalpr_ia, ?amsyl--?.r,'.a 19195
(215) 597-3653
}lr . Scavs Jarrall,
1350 Liscclr. 3:raa;
Denver, Cclcradc 3G295
(323) S37-3925
Mr. 1/K^.ghz 3rsvn., Asoaszos Cccr.
G3C8
-0-) 3Sl-355
ASsasccs -ocr
REGIONAL OFFICES
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APPENDIX E:
CLL-rREE INFORMATION
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63
_r.e ;c3'~~-~z
school asbes-os
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