CONFERENCE
                in the matter of
    Pollution of the Interstate Waters of the
             UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
                    VOLUME IV
               >t. Paul, Minnesota




                February 8, 1964
U.3. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE




                Washington, D.C.

-------
                                         OOOR64005
                  CONFERENCE
                in  the matter of
    Pollution  of the Interstate Waters  of the
             UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
                   VOLUME TV
               t. Paul, Minnesota




               February 8, 1964
U.3.  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE




               Washington, D.C.
   enviro






Chicago
                                  «# Protect
                              nmental r

-------
                           VOLUME IV
                       CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF:

Dr. M. M. Hargraves ("on't)

Chester Wilson

Department of Conservation, Division
  of Game & Fish, Minnesota

K. W. Besterberg

A. W. Buzicky

John F. Tischler

Donald J. Thimsen

Tom Tautges

City of Minneapolis
PAGj



1138


1146

1 204

1209
1221

1222

1249
                       EXHIBIT';
MINNESOTA EXHIBITS

XVIII, Vol. 3

XIX
PAGE

 981

1035

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                                                                                1032
                             WATER QUALITY SAMPLING PROGRAM
                                     I960 and 1961

                     Total                                                   Total
                     Gross       Dissolved Gross          Suspended Gross    Gross
Station and Date	Beta	Alpha  Beta	Alpha    Beta    Alpha
                                    Mississippi River

Anoka. UM-14.  Bridge on U.S.H. 169 at Anoka
  May 18, I960        14                  IFB
  Sept. 9, I960      4                   IFB
  Feb. 6, 1961        IFB                 16
  Aug. 29, 1961       40                  15
Elk River. DM 26.7.  Bridge on S.H. 101 at Elk River
  May 18, I960IFB                                            IFB
  Sept. 29, I960      4                                              4
  Feb. 17, 1961       9                                              9
  April 6, 1961       21                                             4
  Aug. 29, 1961       144                                            23
Minneapolis, at Minneapolis water works intake.
  Jan. 5, I960121.0
  Jan. 12, I960       7
  Jan. 20, I960       17
  Jan. 26, I960       14
  Feb. 3, I960        18
  Feb. 8, I960        12
  Feb. 16, I960       4
  Feb. 23, I960       8                                                         1.0
  March 2, I960       8

-------
                                                                                1033
                           WATER QUALITY SAMPLING PROGRAM
                                   1960 and 1961
Station and Date
Total
Gross
Beta
Dissolved Gross
   Alpha   Beta
Suspended Gross
  Alpha   Beta
Total
Gross
Alpha
                                              River (cont.)
Mpls. (cont.) March 8, I960
March 17, I960
March 23, I960
March 29, I960
April 6, I960
April 11, I960
April 19, I960
April 28, I960
May 5, I960
May 10, I960
May 18, I960
St. Cloud. Water Treatment
Jan. 14, I960
• Feb. 23, I960
March 8, I960
April 6, I960
May 10, I960
June 27, I960
June 14, I960
Aug 29, I960
Sept. 7, I960
Oct. 11, I960
.5
1
25
17
19
20
24
12
16
44
6
Plant Raw Water Intake
11
17
13
18
IFB
22
7
33
6
31
                                                                              .28
                                                                   14
                                                                              2.0
                                                                   16
                                                                              1.6

                                                                              1.1

-------
                                                                                1034
                             WATER QUALITY SAMPLING PROGRAM
                                     I960 and 1961

                     Total                                                   Total
                     Gross       Dissolved Gross          Suspended Gross    Gross
Station and Date     Beta          Alpha    Beta	Alpha    Beta    Alpha
  Nov. 10, I960     9
  Dec. 1, I960      IB
  Jan. 10, 1961     12
  Feb. 7, 1961      9
  March 13, 1961    8
  April 11, 1961    8
  May 22, 1961      13
  June 5, 1961      16
  July 3, 1961      6
  Aug. 7, 1961      6
  Sept. 8, 1961     60
  Oct. 4, 1961      60
  Nov. U, 1961      85
  Nov. 29, 1961     34
                                    esiasippi River (cent.)

-------
                                                       1035
                     EXHIBIT XIX
                    Summary Report

                       on the
      Pollution Statue of the Mississippi River

              and Major Tributaries from

the Mouth of the Rum River to the Outlet of Lake Pepln
                   Prepared for the

     Minnesota water Pollution Control Commission

                        by the

          Section of Water Pollution Control

            Minnesota Department of Health

            (technical and administrative

              agency for the Commission)

-------
                                                      1036



                MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH




             Division of Environmental Sanitation



              Section of Water Pollution Control








                      ¥?1§SISSIPPI RIVER







           The Mississippi River rises in Hernando de Soto



Lake in northeastern Becker County and flows 2,36^ milea     j

                                                             i
                                                             I

to the Gulf of Mexico.  Approximately 510 miles of its



course is above the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area.  In the



upper section of the river the flow is predominantly through



forest and farm lands.  In the metropolitan area the  river



flows through highly developed residential and industrial    I
                                                             i


areas, and downstream it again flows through wooded terrain  j



and farm lands.



           Samples have been collected on the Mississippi



River as a part of the Water Quality Sampling Program,



Minnesota Lakes and Streams.  For the data from Stations



UM-14 at Anoka, IM-38 at Hastings, and IM-124 at Winona,



daring 1962-63, aee the attached sheets.



           The reach of the river of immediate concern Is



from the rnouth of the Rum River downstream to the mouth of



the Chippewa River.  A survey of the Mississippi River



from the mouth of the Rum River to the mouth of the St.



Croix River was made by this Department during the summers

-------
                                                      1037
of  I960 and 1961, and provided a basis for the classifica-

tions and standards subsequently adopted by the Water

Pollution Control Commission.  The results of this survey

are presented  in the report entitled, "Report on Investigatioh
                                                             i
of the Mississippi River from the Mouth of the Run River to

the Mouth of the St. Crolx River, July and August, I960, and j

August and September, 1961."  This report lists all discharges
                                                             i
to the river in this reach and the treatment provided at     i
                                                             i
that time.

           Substantial work has also been sponsored by the

Minneapolls-St. Paul Sanitary District, and is presented in

a comprehensive report entitled "Pollution and Recovery

Characteristics of the Mississippi River, 1961."  This study j
                                                             <
                                                             i
encompasses river conditions from the northern part of       ]

Minneapolis through Lake Pepin.

           Current data on separate sources on the main

stem of the reach under consideration and significant

tributaries are provided in the attached summary tables, but

the general discussion of river conditions is restricted in

the main to the reach from the mouth of the St. Croix River

to the outlet of Lake Pepin, in order to avoid duplicating

the material in the 1960-61 report.  The interpretations of
                                                             j
                                                             i
river conditions and value Judgments are based on all the

data and information currently available to this Department.

Discussion is limited to discharges of some significance

-------
                                                             I



                                                        1038
to the Mississippi River.





Uses of the River





           The present and future uses of the Mississippi

                                                             i
River in the reach under consideration are not expected to   !
                                                             I
change significantly in kind, but the uses will Increase     j
                                                             s

considerably in most cases in the future.  These uses include'!
                                                             !
                                                             j
water supply, recreation,  power generation, navigation, and


disposal of treated sewage and wastes.


           Considerable improvement is expected in the


treatment of sewage and wastes in the Metropolitan Area in   j
                                                             i

the near future so that conflicts in the use of the river     j

                                                             !
for waste disposal and for other purposes will be minimized,  |


but the use of the river for the ultimate disposal of treated!


sewage and waste effluents will continue to be a major


necessary use in the future.  Such uses can be held within


limits from the viewpoint  of possible conflicts, but cannot


under any foreseeable circumstances ever be eliminated.


Disposal of treated effluents is a basic necessity to main-


tenance of civilized life  in the area.


           The cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul are the


only communities which obtain their municipal water supplies


from the Mississippi River.  Their Intakes are located on


the extreme upper reach of the river, north of Minneapolis.

-------
                                                    1039
Many suburban communities obtain their water supplies
wholly or in part from either Minneapolis or St. Paul.  Use
of river water by industries in the area is substantial
but is limited primarily to cooling water, because industrial
process water requirements can be easily satisfied either
by municipal supplies or by the abundant and renewable
reserves of high quality ground water which are available
throughout the area.  The future use of the upper river
for water supply will, without doubt, continue to increase
in the future as the population increases.  The use of the
mid-city and lower reaches of the river for municipal or
Industrial water supply other than cooling and condensing
or similar relatively low quality uses is considered highly
unlikely in the foreseeable future.
           Hydroelectric power generation in the river
in this area is not a major river use and is not likely to
increase.  Most of the production of electric power is done
by steam plants and this is likely to continue to be the
case, whether fossil or nuclear fuels are used.  Expansion
of the existing steam plants and construction of new plants
in the vicinity will require Increasingly large amounts of
relatively low quality water for condensing.  This use Is
largely non-consumptive, although this may be changed some-
what by the us* of cooling towers which nay be required
for purposes of heat dissipation.

-------
                                                       1040




           Commercial barge traffic on the Mississippi




River in this reach last year amounted to 9*949,405 tons,




with the major commodities shipped being coal, grain,



gasoline, and fuel oils, in decreasing order.  This traffic



increased some 1,000,000 tons over 1962.  It  a expected to



continue to increase in the future.








Analytical Data








           The following table lists the total coliform




count expressed as the MPN/100 ml  (most probable number



per 100 milliliters), for samples collected by this Depart-



ment at the indicated stations (largely from WQSP data,




since 1953):
        Station
                 No. of
                 Samples
UM-14   Anoka



LM-38   Hastings



IK-124  Winona
        Total Coliforms (MPN/100 ml)




      Min.    Max.        Mean     Median
64    230    92,000     7,050    4,600




 27   2,300  9,200,000  *»37,8ll  34,000




3     790    6,300      1,060    1,100
           These values indicate that the Mississippi River



at Anoka is somewhat contaminated, and is much more so at

-------
                                                      1041    I
                                                             i
Hastings, but that by the time  it reaches  Winona  it  has      ]
                                                             i

recovered in large measure from the upstream  bacterial       j
                                                             i
                                                             i.
pollution.   The values obtained at Winona are  indicative    j


of a moderate degree of contamination.                       j
                                                             i
                                                             j
           The mean dissolved oxygen values at  the Anoka,    !


Hastings, and Winona sampling stations were h.9,  ';.•'>, and    i
                                                             (

<3.3 mg/1  (milligrams per iJter) respectively.   The follow:ng !


table lists these along w. th the minimum arid  maximum values: ;
                    No. of    ___ ^Dissolved  Oxyger  (n>g_/l_)__


                                Mln .         X-        Mean
UM-14 (Anoka)          64        5.3        15.0         £.P


LM-38 (Hastings)       29        0.3        1^.6          .0


LM-124 (Winona)         1        7.°>         t\6         b.3
           The samples collected at £noka and  w.'.nor.a  show     :


the presence of sufficient dissolved oxygen for aquatic  life,i
                                                              i

but the samples collected at Hastings show serious  oxygen     i

                                                              i
depletion at times.  This indicates that there is serious     i
                                                              j
organic overloading of the rjver upstream of Hastings which  ;
                                                              t
                                                              i
the r'ver Is not able to assimilate,


           A summary of the 5-day BOD (biochemical  oxygen


demand) of the samples collected is presented  in the  following

-------
table:
                                                       1042
Station	



UM-14 (Anoka)




LM-38 (Hastings)




LM-121* (Winona)
No. of
Samples
65
29
3

Min.
0.1
4.0
3-0
5 -Day BOD
Max.
7.0
16.0
6.8

Mean
3.2
6.9
4.5
           The values obtained at the Anoka station are



moderate, and not necessarily Indicative of man-made pollu-



tion.  The BOD values at the Hastings station are



relatively high and indicative of the substantial waste load



discharged to the river upstream.  The values for the



Winona station show that considerable improvement has taken



place by the time the river reaches iflnor.a.



           The remaining analytical data substantiate the



conclusions derived from the bacteriological, dissolved



oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand data, i.e., that the



Mississippi River is in fair condition at Anoka and Winona,




but that there is a substantial pollution load discharged to



the river upstream from Hastings, which has a deleterious



effect.  For example, the mean suspended solids concentra-



tions at Anoka, Hastings, and Winona were 1.9, 40 and 16




mg/1 respectively, and the turbidity values were 14, 26 and

-------
                                                      1043

11, respectively.




Changes in Sewage and Waste Treatment and River Conditions




           The MSSD (Minneapolis-3t.  faul San'.tary District)

is presently undergoing an extensive expansion to Increase

the capacity of the existing primary plant and add a


secondary high-rate activated sludge unit.  The new plant

is designed for a flow of 218 mgd (million gallons/day)

with a 5-day BOD of 260 mg/1.  The flow la now about 180

mgd with a 5-day BOD of about 200 mg/1.  The BOD removal

efficiency will rise from 32 percent to aboi't 75 percent,

which will produce ar. effluent of approximately 64 mg/1.

The projected design period is for 20 years, or to the year  j
                                                             *
                                                             t
1980 based on the anticipated growth of the Twin Cities and  !
                                                             i
suburbs under contract at the time the design was established.
                                                             i
Since that time contracts have been negotiated with 0 number i
                                                             i

of other suburbs and the North Suburban Sanitary Sewer       !
District and such contracting is expected to continue in
                                                             I
the future and to reduce the design period.

           With the completion of the current enlargement

of the MSSD plant, a very substantial improvement in the

condition of the Mississippi River below the treatment

plant is expected, although the Improvement will occur

gradually over a period of time as sludge deposits are

-------
                                                      1044
dissipated.  It should be noted also that the recently adoptejd

river classifications and standards require maintenance of

a minimum dissolved oxygen content in the river and optimum

operation of the treatment works at all times.   In view of

the fact that the minimum dissolved oxygen content of one

tng/1 is tied to a once -in -20-year minimum daily river flow

(95 percent frequency) it is evident that the conditions

generally prevailing will undoubtedly be much better than

shown by the stated minimum oxyger. levels, but  further

improvements will be necessary to maintain satisfactory

conditions on a long-term basis.

           The South St. Paul sewage treatment  plant was

expanded by adding an anaerobic effluent pond *n 1962.

The overall efficiency of thJs unit has not yet been

evaluated.  At the present time, the South St.  Paul sewage

plant treats about 13 mgd of sewage with a raw  5-day BOD

of approximately 1,350 mg/1.  The reduction in BOD is about

68 percent for an effluent BOD of 490 mg/1, without the

anaerobic effluent pond.   Improvement will res, It from the

use of the pond but the removal efficiency of the pond is

expected to be only 35 - 50 percent (of the plant effluent)

and the final effluent concentration will therefore not

yet be equivalent to that of the MSSD.

           Maintenance of the dissolved oxygen content of

the river in relation to various degrees of treatment is

-------
                                                        1045
d< acluased thoroughly in the MSSD report on "Pollution and
Recovery Characteriafcics of the Miaalaaippi River."  The
following two tablea, which were derived from this  report,
show the degree of treatment neceaaary to maintain  the
stated minimum of one mg/1 of disaolved oxygen in the
Hastings pool for various conditions of flow and river
temperature.


           (Table 1 and Table 2 are as follows:)

-------
I2c"r                                       .                                     1046
                                            — o—

                                         Table 1
                     Mississippi River Flow Conditions, (M 13.8)


          1.  Minimum recorded daily flow during critical months.  (August, 1892-
              1959) (February, 1924-9).

          2.  Minimum recorded daily flow for entire year.

          3-  Minimum daily flow exceeded 995^ of time for the critical months (occurs
              once in 100 years ) .

          4.  Minimum daily flow exceeded 98/£ of time for the critical months (occurs
              once in 50 years).
          5.  Minimum daily flow exceeded 95# of time for the critical months (occurs
              once in 20 years).  5£ frequency.  (1270)
          6.  Minimum 5-day period of flow exceeded 99# of time for the critical
              months (occurs once in 100 years).

          7.  Minimum 5-day period of flow exceeded 98/£ of time for the critical
              months (occurs once in 50 years).

          8.  Minimum 5-day period of flow exceeded 95/f of time for the critical
              months (occurs once in 20 years).

                                         Table 2
                        Treatment Requirements to Maintain One ppm
                          Dissolved Oxygen in the Hastings Pool
                                 of the Mississippi River


                          _ Discharge, cfa _                     Degree of
                           Unconnected Mpls. & St. Paul   Corrected for     Treatment
     Misa. R. Flow         for Water   Water Usage        Water Usage       Required
     Conditions. (M 13.8)* Usage _ 1980       2000    1980     2000     1960   2000

     1.  August             632        468         674     164     -42       95    100
         February          1100        234         338     866     762       86     38.6
     2.                     632        468         674     164     -42       95    100
     3.  August             560        468         674      92     -114      96.5  100
         February           575        234         338     341     237       96     97.5
     4.  August             790        468         674     322     116       93.4   96
         February           740        234         338     506     402       92.7   94.7
     5.  August            1270        468         674     902     696       89.3   92.1
         February          105O        234         338     816     712       8?     89.7
     6.  August             710        460         665     250      45       94.2   97
         February           630        234         338     396     292       94.7   96.6
     7.  August             970        460         665     510     305       91.8   94-2
         February           800        234         338     566     462       91.7   93-7
     8.  August            15OO        460         665    1040     8J5       87-5   90.5
         Psbrusxy          1130        234         338     896     792       85.5   88.3


         ••Correspond to Table 1

-------
                                                       104?  1
           When effective chlorinatlon of the effluent
IB provided at both the MSSD and South St. I'nul plants, a    '<

marked improvement in the bacteriological quality of the     :

entire lower river can be expected.  However, the river in

the near reaoh below these outfalls cannot In all probability;

be maintained in such quality as to permit hath ing, swimming,:

or related recreational uses which involve prolonged .ntiraate

contact with the water, until adequate Control is provided

to eliminate a!3 upstream sewage discharges co the river

and tributaries from she storm sewers, combined sewers,

and sanitary sewer regulators In the nearby areas, and       :

even thereafter the bather would remain exposed to the

hazards associated with unpredictable emergency by-passes

of sewage from the metropolitan area sewage treatment works  ;

and collection systems.

           The uses made of any river for recreation must

always be reasonably consistent with attainaole water

quality, physical conditions, and upstream river  sages, and

this is also necessary with respect to the Mississippi River

in the Minneapolis -St.  Paul area.

           The bacterial quality of the river water in the

near reach below the Twin Cities is such now that recrea-

tional uses are limited.  Disregarding the obvious hazards

of barge and boat traffic, currents,  and visibility limited

by turbidity;  swimming, and sometimes water skiing, involve

-------
                                                      1048
a contact with the water which la too intimate and prolonged
to be considered a reasonable use from a health standpoint.
This may well continue to be true Into the foreseeable
future in spite of planned improvements in upstream sewage
treatment, because of unavoidable and unpredictable dis-
charges of sewage and wastes from the sewerage works
In the metropolitan area and other sources.
           Recreational boating la considered a reasonable
use of the boundary waters, but some health hazards may be
expected in the mid-city reach and the Hastings Pool for
some time.  The interstate boundary waters,  including the
Lake Pepin area, -an be expected to be safely used for
reasonable recreational boating when effective ehlorination
of all sewage and contaminated waste effluents is provided.
           Pishing is light in most sections of this reach.
Above the Twin Cities the river supports a moderate but
significant sport fishery, but below the MSSD outfall the
fishery has been affected by pollution with attendant low
oxygen and tainting.  The Lake Pepln area shows a partial
recovery of the ilshery and there a moderate sport fishery
again exists.  It is felt that the adverse conditions
mentioned will become minimal in future years because of the
improvements In sewage and waste disposal which will be
made, many of which are underway.  Existing sludge deposits
must, however, be scoured away and assimilated before

-------
                                                     1049
significant change* are likely to be noticeable and this may
take several years.  Both oxygen depletion and fish tainting

are expected thereafter to be materially alleviated by the

planned sewage works improvements, since both are related    i

basically to the presence of excessive concentrations of     '

organic pollutants most of which are subject to destruction
                                                             j
by the biological methods of sewage treatment which are and  !

wll] be used in thia area,                                   i

-------
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-------
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-------
l8cwr
                    -10-
Interstate Conference on Mississippi River
  Water Duality Data, Minor Tributaries*
              (January, 1964)
      Source, Sampling Period,
      and Number of Samples

      Rum River (1953-63, incl.)

          48

      Coon Creek (1960-1963)

          13

      Rice Creek (1960-1963)

          19

      Shingle Creek (1960-1963)

          17

      Baasetts Creek  (1960-1963)

          17

      Minnehaha Creek (1960-1963)

          13
                Average Total
             Colifonaa (MPN/100 ml)
                    3,200



                    9,100



                    2,700



                  336,000



                  666,000



                   35,500
Average     Average 5-Oay
DO (mg/1)   BOD (njg/1)
   9.9
   8.5
   8.0
   8.9
   6.4
   8.3
3.5
3.5
6.8
4.3
9.5
4.8
       *from Water Quality Sampling Program and special surveys.

-------
                                                        1053

            SEWAGE WORKS ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Anoka
           The Anoka sewage treatment plant was conBtructed  '

In 1956 and is a secondary plant  ;onsisting of a grit

chamber, primary settling tank, high rate trickling filters,

final settling t;anks, chlorination contact tank, and separate

sludge digestion tanks.  The sewage treatment plant is

designed to treat sewage and waste flowing at the rate of

1.44 tngd with a 5-dav BOD of 300 mg/1 to produce ar. effluent

BOD of approximately 75 rag/1.



Minneapplia Combined Sewers



           The Cit;-., of Minneapolis has an active five-year-

program in progress for the separation of Combined storm

and sanitary sewers.  The table below indicates progress to
                                                             i
date and future plans.  As the table indicates, the City of

Minneapolis is divided jnto two drainage areas designated

the upper pool and the lower pool.  The division between

the upper pool and the lower pool is the St. Anthony Palls

Lock and Dam.

-------
                                                                                        1054
                                                  Upper
20cmr                                            Pool            Pool          Total

         Early 1?60

           Total acres with sanitary sewers       5,584           22,126         27,710
           Total acres atom drained**            3,128           12,719         15,847
             Percent of total acreage storm
             drained                               56*              57.5*        57.2*
           Total acres sewered                    5,584           22,162        27,746
           Total acres storm drained              3,161           13,326        16,487
             Percent of total acreage storm
             drained                               56.6*            60.2*         59.5*

         1962-63 program in progress                665              635
         1963                                       225                0
         1964                                         0             1117
         1965                                         0              751
         1966                                       525                0
         1967                                       420              648

         At End of 1967

           Total acres sewered                    5,584            22,162       27,746
           Total acres storm drained              4,996            16,477       21,473
             Percent of total acreage storm
             drained                               89.4*            74.5*        77-5*
         *May be either separate or combined
        **In these areas most of the sanitary sewers have been separated but a few storm
          water entrances nay remain.

-------
St. Paul Combined Sewers
                                                       1055
                                                             i
           The City of St. Paul has not yet adopted a long-  ;
                                                             j
                                                             i
range plan for the separation of eomb.ned sewers, but is


proceeding with construction of separate storm sewers as


funds become available.


           The ci.ty has spent, or awarded contracts -for,


about $10 million during the last 2 or 3 years.  The major


portion of this expense was directed toward providing outlet


structures for future storm sewers.  The ->lty is taking


advantage of the Interstate highway construction, program


and building separate storm sewers along these routes.  In


new development areas, such as the Downtown Renewal Project,


the Riverview Industrial Park, and others, separate storm


sewers are planned or have already been constructed.


Where it is possible, all new connections to the city system


from the suburbs will be to separate sanitary sewers.


           On May 1 of this year, the cit.v will begin a two-


year study of the entire sewer system to determine  In which


areas of the c^ty the sewers can be separated most


economically.  Prom this study, a possible program for the


future can be developed.




Minn«apolia-St.  Paul Sanitary District

-------
                                                        1056
                                                             i
           The existing sewage treatment plant was placed    j


in operation during the summer of 1938.  The plant was

designed for an average flow of 134 mgd which was expected

from a tributary population of 910,000 by the year 19^5.


It ordinarily provides primary treatment but  ;an provide

a sl-ightly higher degree of treatment by means of chemical


flocculation.  This part of the plant is used only during

unusually lc<.  -jver flow conditions.  ]>.ring 1962, the


average flow to the plant was 178 mgd from an estimated

tributary popular, or or 1,135,000.  The raw sewage total

population equivalent was 1,690,000 (based on O.lR po nds

or BOD per iE)» (* 1,820,000 PE if based on 1/6 lb  of

5-day BOD, which is used in the appended tables )  The

proposed alterations and additions will convert the plant
                                                             i

to a high-rate activated siud/je plant designed to provide    •
                                                             i
secondary treatment; of sewage from the estimated 1980        i
                                                             i
population of 1,545.000 plus ar: Industrial waste populat or  '

equivalent of 1,065,000, fo> a total population equivalent   •

of 2,610,000.  The service area will include a majority of


the suburban municipalities and the North Suburban Sanitary


Sewer District.

           The annual average design flow Is 218 mgd with


a 5-day BOD of 260 mg/1.  The plant is designed to produce

an «ffluent with a 5-day BOD of 64 mg/1.  Construction of

the plant has been started and is expected to be completed

-------
                                                        1057

In  1966.
South St. JPaul_







           This  plant was constructed  in  19^0.   It



originally consisted of f». grit  chamber, grease  flotation



unit, flocculatlon tanks, primary sefctl'ng  tanks, trickling



filters, final settling tanks,  cMorlnatJon contact  tanks,



and raw sludge lagoons.  The  plant was designed  to treat



meat packing wastes and sewage  at the  rate  of 10 rngd with a



raw 5-day BOP of 800 mg/1.  An  average BOD  redu>t"on of



about 68 percent Is ordinarily  achieved through  '-.he



mechanical treatment units.   An anaerob.i o effluent pond



was constructed In 1962 to reduce the  plant effluent by 50
                                                              i
                                                              i

percent.  The overall system  reduces the final effluent BOD   i
                                                              i


to about 200 to 250 mg/1.  The  city has some combined storm   j

                                                              t


and sanitary sewers.                                          j







New port







           At the present time  Newport does not  have a



sewer system or sewage treatment plant, but plans for both



were approved on April 26, 1963, and the facilities; are



presently under construction.   It is expected that a secondary



plant will be In operation by late summer of 1964.  The

-------
                                                     1058
design Is for a Modification of the activated aludg* proceaa
and Includes a contact tank, sludge reaeratlon tank, aerobic
sludge dlgeation tank, final settling tank, and chlorl nation
tank.  The plant is designed to provide treatment for a
flow of 0.30 tngd with a 5-day BOD of aboit 200 mg/1 to
produce an effluent of about 40 rag/1.


St. Paul Park


           A secondary treatment plant was .-onatructed here
in 1955 *nd tnlarged in 1963.  The plant consists of a
primary settling tank, a high-rate trickling filter,
secondary settling tank, ohlorinatlon contact tank, ana
separate sludge digestion tank.  It is designed to treat
sewage and waste at the rate of 0.4 mgd with a 5-day BOD of
200 mg/1 to produce an effluent of 40 mg/1.
                    , Dakota _Cqunty
           A sewage treatment plant to serve part of the
South Orove Development was constructed in 1963.  The plant
consists of a cosMiautor, two extended aeration units, a
settling tank, a sludge holding tank, and chlorination
facilities.  The units are designed to provide secondary
treat»ent by the extended aeration nodi float ion of the

-------
                                                    1059

activated sludge process for a sewage flow of about 0.03

mgd with a 5-day BOD of approximately 268 mg/1.  The

effluent is discharged to a ditch leading to the Mississippi

River.




Cottage Grove Township, Washington County



                                                             i
           The plant was constructed in 1962 and is designed j

to provide secondary treatment.  The plant consists of a

bar screen, primary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary

settling tank, chlorinator, and chlorination contact tank,
                                                             j
                                                             t
heated sludge digestion tank and sludge drying Deds.   It was i
                                                             j
designed to provide treatment by the activated sludge        j

process for a flow of 0.4 mgd with a 5-day BOD of abe<;t 200  j

mg/1.  The units are considered capable of producing an      j

effluent with a 5-day BOD of approximately 20 mg/1.

           Plans for a second stage addition were approved

on May 22, 1963* and construction is underway.  The changes

include a mechanically cleaned bar screen and chamber,

primary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling

tank, chlorination tank, sludge digestion tank and altera-

tions to the control building.   The proposed changes will

Increase the treatment capacity of the plant to 0.80 mgd

with a 5-day BOD of about 200 mg/1.   The final effluent of

the new plant will be approximately 20 mg/1 of 5-day BOD.

-------
                                                       1060
Hastings
           The plant was constructed In 1956 and la designed




to provide primary sedimentation and chlorlnation.  The



plant consists of a cutting screen, settling tank,



chlorinatlon facilities, sludge digestion tank, and sludge



beds.  It is designed to treat 0.6 cngd oi' sewage and



wastes with a 5-day BOD of 300 mg/1 to produce an effluent



of approximately 190 mg/1.
Red Wing
           The plant was constructed In 1961 and consists



of two primary settling tanks, two high-rate tri ;kling



filters, two secondary settling tanks, a chlorine contact



tank, two sludge digestion tanks, si
-------
                                                       1061
provides prltnarv treatment.  The plant Consists of a
primary settling tank, chlorlnation facilities, sludge
digestion tank and sludge beds.  It was designed to treat
a sewage and waste flow of 0.24 mgd with a 5-day BOD of
about 260 rag/1 to produce an effluent of about 175 mg/1.
           Plans for alterations were approved on March
21, 1961,  This project consisted of replacement of the
pumps at the main lift station, modification of the sludge
digester, and installation of a chlorinator.  The proposed
improvements will not increase the capacity of the plant
but will help to avoid by-paasing of sewage, permit better
operation, and provide effective disinfection of the plant
effluent.

         INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOS/J  ON THE RUM RIVER

Cornelius Manufacturing_Compan^

           The Cornelius Manufacturing Company 
-------
                                                        1062

treatment.  Secondary containment structures have not been   |

                                                             !
provided to guard against accidental losses of chemicals


from the plating tanks.  Sanitary sewage is reported3y


discharged to the municipal sanitary sewer.






Pe de r a 1 Cartr id ge Corporation






           This plant is located In Anoka a short distance


east of the Rum River.  The company manufactures smokeless


powder and ammunition for small arms.  It Is reported that


sanitary sewage and plating rinse water are discharged


to the municipal sanitary sewer, but a f-ltrate from the


manufacture of  nitrocellulose is discharged to a storm


sewer which drains into the Rum River.  Relatively h.gh


concentrations of copper and zinc have been found in


samples collected of the flow from the sewer outfall at the

                                                             i
Rum River.  Secondary containment facilities to guard againstj
                                                             i

losses of the plating solutions have not been provided.      !






      INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL ON THE MIFSISSIPPI RIVER






Minneapolis Water Treatment Plant






           The plant la located in Fridley a short distance


upstream from the Camden bridge.  It produces potable water

-------
                                                        1063

for the City of Minneapolis and several suburbs.  Raw

water la drawn from the Mississippi River.  The plant has

a reported capacity of 158 aagd of finished water.  Wastes

consist of sand filter backwash water and a lime slurry

from the softening process.  The filter backwash water is

discharged to the Mississippi River without treatment,       |
                                                             I
while the lime slurry is pumped to a nearby clarification    j
                                                             i
basin.  The supernatant overflows to the river at a reported !
                                                             i
                                                             (
rate of about 1,5 ragd.                                       |
                                                             I



Northern States Pow_er_Company, Riverside Plant



           This steam electric generating plant is located

in Minneapolis about 2 miles below the Minneapolis water-

treatment plant.  The present net capt-billty is about        j

289,300 kilowatts.  Expansion of this plant will b« completed

in mid-1964, to increase the net capability to about

505,000 kilowatts.  Heat rejection to the river at present

is about 2,338 x 10  BTU/hr. and will be increased to about

3,268 x 10  BTU/hr. after completion of the expansion, at

maximum capacity.   Cooling water flow is about 305,000 gpm

and will be Increased to about 400,000 gpn after expansion,

at maximum generation capacity and high river temperatures.

At present capacity under these conditions, a temperature

rise of about 12°P occurs through the condensers and after

-------
                                                       1064
the expansion the temperature rise will be about 16°F

under the same conditions.  The company has been conducting
river temperature studies for some time to determine how
the effluent affects the river and what control measures
may be needed in the future.


Northern States Power Company, Southeast and Island Stations


           The company also has two cold standby or peaking
plants on the river in the Twin Cities area.  One is known
as the Southeast Station and is located upstream from the
lower dam of 3t. Anthony Falls.  The other is known as the
Island Station and is located about 1 mile above the High

Bridge Plant in St. -nu"1 .  Both are steam plants and are
rarely used.  The next capabilities are 40,000 and 22,400

kilowatts, repseetl*. ?:.'..


Northern States Power Company, High Bridge Plant


           This steam electric generating plant is located

on the Mississippi River in St. Paul approximately 4 miles

above the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District sewage

treatment plant.  The plant has a net capability of about
482,800 kilowatts and when operating at capacity under

conditions of elevated river temperatures, rejects about

-------
                                                       1065
2,911 x 10° BTU/hr. In a cooling water  flow of about 296,000

gpm.  Under these conditions, there would be about a 19°F

temperature rise in the cooling water.


Mi/i nesota Harbor__Servioe


           The company is engaged  Ir  cleaning of barges on

the right bank of the Kissjss'ppi  River upstream from  the

High Bridge 1.r f.t. Fa>;l.  The barges  cleaned are mostly

coal and gra:*j barges.  Wastes from the operation consisting

of wash- water containing some coal or grain are discharged

directly into the river without treatment.  It is reported

that the company does not ,;lean barges which have been

bsed to transport liquids, but occasionally will clean

barges which hs\;e been used to transport sulfur, phosphate

rock, or similar1 materials.  These operations are seasonal.

Recommendations have been made to  the company to improve

their waste disposal practices but no information has  yet

been received as to changes to be  made.
                                                              i
Twin City Barge an d Tow in g Comjgany                            •
           The company operates mobile barge-cleaning

facilities on the Mississippi River  In th«  Port at St.  Paul.

The facilities are operated during the river shipping  season

-------
                                                       1056



only.  In general, the operations consist of cleaning



ooal barges so that they can be loaded with grain.  Wastes



from the operations include coal and grain mixed with wash



water, most of which Is discharged directly into the river



without treatment.  It is reported that the company does



not clean barges which have been used to transport liquids,



but occasionally will clean barges which have been used to



transport sulfur, phosphate rock, or similar materials.



Studies are underway by the company to determine if dry



cleaning methods can be substituted for the present method of



wet cleaning of the barges.
Northern. States Power Company ^ proposed JR.. JP. _ Pack, 2
           This proposed steam electric generating plant



will be located on the Mississippi River at the south city



limits of St. Paul (between the Minneapolis -St. Paul Sanitary



District sewage treatment plant and the South St.  Paul



sewage treatment works.)  The ir.'tial stage of construction



is scheduled for completion in 1968.  It will produce



500,000 kilowatts and have a heat rejection to the river of




about 2,100 x 10  BTU/hr in a cooling water flow of about




250,000 gpm.  Under these conditions, the condensing waters



would have about a 17°P rise in temperature.

-------
                                                      1067

           Ashes will be discharged to a backwater area which


will be diked to provide a clarification basin.  Cooling


towels will be provided if necessary.
Northwestern
           The waste treatment facilities consist of a


cooling tower for oxidation of phenolics, stripping unit


:'or removal of sulfidea, an A1 j oil separator, a small oil


recovery lagoon, a larger oxidation lagoon, and a hay filter.


The system was designed to treat oil refinery water flowing


at the average rate of about  1.8 tngd.  The effluent of the


large lagoon is discharged through hay filters directly to


the Mississippi River.  Spent caustic is segregated and dis-  ;
                                                              i

posed of separately.  Reports on the effluent quality are     ;


submitted periodically to th.  s Department


           Thj s company .is engaged in washing sanJ and gravel  !

                                                              i

on Grey Cloud Island in Inver Grove Township, Washington      ;


County,   Waste water, together w < th tailings from the


washing operation, is discharged to clarification basins.


The effluent drains into the  river.






St. Paul Ammonia _P**o_duc ts ,_ Inc ., Dakota Count y^






           The waste treatment facilities consist of a basin

-------
                                                       1068
for neutralization of spent process chemicals, pumps, an
orifice meter and automatic flow-recording device, and a
pH meter with automatic recorder.  The system was designed
for removal of floatable oJl find the addition of Chemicals
as may be required to neutralize waste flowing at the rate
of 0.65 mgd.  The effluent is discharged through a force _
mair to the Mississippi River,  The compan3 subm'ts a
inonthl\ report; to this Department showing results of nnalvsls
of the waste for various cons'-. tuents suoh ss nitrates,
pH, oil, chromates, nnd ammonia.  The company has reduced
waste losses substantially by various in-plant recovery and
waste prevention methods and is ,'on^-jnuing with studies to
further control the effluent quality.

Liquid Carbonic, Division of G neral Dynamics Corporation,
Dakota County

           The wastes consist essentially of cooling water
and a small amount of process chemicals used  n the oroductior
oi' solid and liquid Carbon dioxide from gas supplied by Pt.
Paul Ammonia Products, ir.c.  The waste is pumped into the
forcemain which also carries the waste from St. Paul
Ammonia Products, Inc.  Treatment consists of reaction with
the ammonia plant waste in the pipeline.  Reports are
submitted monthly with the report of St. Paul Ammonia

-------
                                                     1069
 Products,  Inc.
   at^ Northern pi_l Company^ JDakota _Count^y_



           The waste  treatmert  facilities consist of

cheml.al neutralization and  stripping for destruction of

spent Chemicals ,  two  AF'I  oil separators,  several storage

and oxidatior, lagoons, a  disposal  pit,  a  biological filter

and activated sludge  unit.   The system la designed to treat

an average flow of about  2.8P- mgd,  including storm water.

           The effluent of  the  final  lagoon is  pumped

intermittent ly to the Mississippi River.   Reports on the

effluent quality and  flow rre submitted periodically

studies are being made cr. possible  improvements to the

system.



Northwest Goo_perat_I_\/e Mi 1 Is , _; r.c  ,  Dakota County
           The waste disposal  facilities  for  th's  phosphoric  {
                                                              j
a-.-id and ammonium phosphate  fertilizer  plant  consist  of a     j
                                                              !
gypaum storage lagoon, pumping atat'on, and storm  water      j
                                                              (
collection system with detention  pond and conductivity        j
                                                              I
                                                              i
sensing system.  The lagoon  is designed for an  average  waste

flow of 4.32 mgd and is operated  essentially  as a  closed

syat«m with the lagoon effluent being reu»«d  In the  plant.

-------
                                                      1070
Gypsum Is stored permanently in the lagoon.  Plant area run-

off is monitored, and when found to be of unsatisfactory

quality  is diverted to an emergency detention pond.

           The company has recently found some small leaks

from the gypsum pond to the river and corrective action is

underway to locate and seal the leaks.


Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Washington County


           Waste treatment facilities include pH adjustment,

mechanically cleaned settling tanks,aalticelled oxidation

lagoons and sludge storage ponds.  The system in use at

present was designed to provide primary treatment of chemical

wastes at the rate of about 2.16 mgd with a 5-day BOD of

430 mg/l,to accomplish a BOD removal of not less than 20

percent.

           A permanent storage pit for acid sludge is

presently under construction and design is progressing on

incineration facilities for spent solvent disposal.  Engineer^

ing is also underway on a chemical system to destroy phenolic

compounds which are presently discharged to a temporary pit.

           Studies are being made to evaluate data obtained

recently from pilot plant studies of an activated sludge

system for providing a higher degree of waste treatment.

-------
                                                       1071
H .^ D. Hudii^oin Manufac turi ng k'ojk^an^


           This plant is located upstream from the USH 61

bridge in Hastings.  The company Is engaged in the manu-

facture of spraying equipment.  The wastes include paint

scrubber water and metal finishing wastes, both of which

are discharged to the Mississippi River.  Waste treatment

facilities consisting of chemical reduction and precipitation

have been provided, and studies are in  progress In regard

to facilities for disperse * of the effluent.


Foot Tanning Company


           This plant is located in Red Wing on a small

creek a short distance from the Mississippi River.  The

company does both chrome and vegetable tanning   The wastes

are screened and discharged to a series of sedimentation

basins which overflow to the creek.  The existing facilities

are considered the first stage of total waste treatment

facilities which may be required to avoid unsatisfactory

conditions.


Northern States Power, Company, Jfed Wing Plant


           This steam electri.  generating plant has a net

-------
                                                       1072
capability of 2Q,000 kilowatts and la located on the

Mississippi River at Red Wing.  Heat rejection to the river

at maximum capacity ia about 1?4 x 10(> BTU/hr.  The coolJng

water flow is aDout 37,000 gpm when operating at maximum

capacity with the river temperature in excess of 70°F,

Under theae conditions the temperature rise through the

condensers Is about 9oF.


           PRELIMINAJV LIST OF LIQUID STORAGE DEPOSITS

                   ON THF MISSISSIPPI RIVER*

           (* Not including those which are a part of

            a ''weti; Industry whi >h is listed -^s Ka-lr;;;

            a separate waste outle+:. ^
Western Oil a.nd Fuel Company, ^ipneapol i_s

                                                              i
           The company is located on the right bank of the

Mississippi River upstream from the Minneapolis municipal

dock.  The company Is engaged in the marketing of gasoline

and fuel oils whi^h are received by barge, stored and

shipped by tank truck.  The total storage capacity at this

site Is about 7 million gallons in 20 tanks.  Dikes are

provided around all of the tanks and each dike reportedly

provides secondary containment capacity of about 120 percent

of the capacity of the tanks enclosed.

-------
                                                    1073

Indus trial Molasses jCpm ganjr ,__ S fc  Z§HA



                                                             i
                                                             i
           Tl.e company is located on the left bank of the


river upstream from the Mlnneapoli8-St .  Paul District plant.


The operation consists of receiving, storing and shipping nf


industrial molasses.  The company has dock fao/IJt'.es on the


river, and general!'/ receives the molasses by barge or rail,


and ships ny tr- ok cr rail.  Ho dikes or other secondary


containment structures are provided around the molasses


storage tanks and In the event of a major tank rupture


molasses could dra^n into the river.
                 laS8 Company ,_ Hed Win&
           The plant is located on the right bank of the


river.  Operations include the production, refining and


shipping of soybean  and linseed oils.  Liquid wastes from


the plant processes are discharged to the munic pal sanitary


sewer system.  The plant has a total liquid storage capacity j


of about 1 million gallons in some 100 tanks which range


upward to 140,000 gallons in capacity. Dikes or other


secondary containment structures have not been provided,


and in the event of a major tank rupture the contents could


drain directly Into the river.

-------
                                                   1074
                       MINNESOTA RIVER
           Big Stone Lake, on the western border of the


State In Big Stone County, is generally considered to be


the headwaters of the Minnesota River !n Minnesota.  Prom


B'g Stone Lake, the river flows southeasterly to Mankato,


where it turns abruptly and flows northeasterly to its


confluence with the Mississippi River ^n St. Paul at mile


844.0.  The following discussion is limited mainly to the


middle and lower reaches of the river, -,e., from Mankato


to Carver Rapids, and Carver Rapids to the mouth, respectivel


           The river flows through farm land most  .-f the


way.  The reach of the river below Belle rlaine has an


extremely low gradient, causing a low flow velocity wh.'ch


allows silt and sand from erosion of the watershed to

settle in the lower reaches.   The average flow at Carver


over a 28-year period of record is 3>051 cfs.

           Samples have been collected from the Minnesota


River as a part of the Water Quality Sampling Program


continuously since 1953.  The anlytical data and the sampling


locations are presented in Volumes 1, 2, and 3,  "Water       j

                                                             I
Quality Sampling Program, Minnesota Lakes and Streams," and  |
in supplementary sheets for 1962-63 which are attached.

Preliminary data from a survey presently being conducted

from the Carver Rapids (mile 35) to the mouth are on

-------
                                                      1075

separate sheets.
Uses__of the Hiyer_





           The present uses of the lower river are recrea-


tion, stock watering, barge traffic, and disposal oi  sewage


and industrial waste, both treated and untreated


           Stock watering is limited primarily to the


upper river, although some stock watering has been seen near


Chaska.  The present bacteriological quality of the water-


is such as to create some doubt as to its suitability for


this use.   This use is not expected to increase in the


future.


           The recreational uses of the river are primarily


boating and fishing.  The present quality of the river 's


not conducive to either of these uses.   In a report of the


Division of Game and Pish of the Minnesota Department of


Conservation, 't 's stated that the river has a relatively


low fish population, and that the proportion of game fish,    j


in the river from Shakopee to the mouth is only 6.9 percent  j


of the total fish population, the remaining 9*.l percent     !


being rough fish.  The Conservation Department report indi-  j

                                                             i
cates that there will be an increase in fishing on the lower


river 'n the future "if the human population increases ns


predicted, and particularly if stream conditions Improve

-------
                                                    1076
and the river becomes more favorable for fish."
           Boating is presently the largest recreational use




of the river but the quality of the river water for boating




is questionable from a bacteriological standpoint.   In




the future. It "Is expected that boating will greatly




increase and considerable developmental activities  are




underway.  There are already preliminary plans for  establish-




ing canoe routes throughout the entire river.  With effective




treatment of all sewage and wastes the river water  quality




probably can be maintained satisfactorily for recreation,




possibly including swimming, but the high turbidity of the




water may detract seriously from the otherwise high recrea-




tional potential of the river.




           In 1963 a total of 2.5 million tons of cargo was



shipped by barge on the Minnesota River.  The materials



shipped consisted primarily of grain and coal, and  some




oil.  Barge traffic now is limited to the lower river, with




the dock near Shakopee being the farthest upstream.  The



U. S. Corps of Engineers maintairs a "-foot channel  from




mJle HJ.7 to 21.8.  It is expected that barge traffic will




Increase significantly in the future and the channel may




be extended.



           Granite Palls, which is located on the far




upper reach, is the only municipality to obtain its water




supply from the river.  It is possible that the lower river

-------
                                                             I
                                                     1077     1


may be considered for a source of municipal water supply     I
                                                             i
                                                             i

in the long-term future but It is not considered probable



in the short-term future because of the abundance of high-



quality ground water in the area.



           At present there are only two municipalities,



Henderson and North Mankato, which have sanitary sewer



systems which discharge untreated sewage to the river.  All



other municipalities wi tn aewer systems on the main stem



have provided treatment -"'aoil: ties.  North Mankato has



contracted for a connection to the Mankato plant and this



connection is under construction.  Henderson has not yet



announced specific plans for treatment although an engineer



has been retained.



           There are three industries downstream from



Mankato which discharge raw process wastes to the river.



They are the Minnesota Valley Milk Processing Cooperative



Association in Belle Flame, American Crystal Sugar Company



in Chaska, and the Rahr Malting Company in Shakopee.  The



Minnesota Valley Milk processing Association has retained



a consulting engineer to prepare plans and specifications



for a waste disposal system.  Plant waste surveys were made



recently by this Department at the American Crystal Sugar



Company and the Rahr Malt j rig Company to evaluate the waste



discharges and the extent of treatment to be recommended for



these wastes.

-------
                                                       1078
           In summary, the quality of the Minnesota
River appears to be poor.   Detailed atudlea are underway
leading toward classification and adoption of standards
by the Water Pollution Control Commission as a preliminary
to further sewage and waste treatment requirements con-
sistent wJth existing and  future uses of the river.


Analy tical Data


           Table 1 shows the minimum, maximum and mean
values for the total coliform counts at the Indicated
sampling stations.


                        Table 1
       Total Coliforms (MPN/100 ml), 1953-1963 incl.
Station
River Mile
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Median
Henderson
70
2,000
350,000
44,039
^m
Jordan
39
1,100
35,000
11,925
_
Shako pee
16.8 & 25.1
330
920,000
73,730
13,000
Nichols
7.4
2,600
540,000
74,935
16,500

-------
                                                      1079   I
           The bacteriological quality of the lower river    j

as Indicated by these data ie poo*-.  In general, most of the j
                                                             !
high values shown for the Shakopee and Nichols stations      i
                                                             i
                                                             i
were found during the period when the Ameri ;an Crystal Sugar ;

plant in Chaska was in operation, but these are not          '
                                                             i
                                                             i
necessarily .Indi-ative of fecal contamination because the    j
                                                             !
values are for presumptive total coliforms vndifferentiated  •
                                                             t

as to fecal types.  High values are also shown Dy the        j
                                                             i
results obtained from sampling of cross-section stations     !
                                                             i
below the sugar plant during the 19^3 summer and fall, part  |
                                                             i
of the current river study.   Deterioration  In the hacterlo-  j
                                                             i
logical quality or the river  rr*..t- . wastes  from the Rahr     ;

Malting Company is also noticeable.                          ;

-------
                                      Table 2

                           Total Coliforms (MPN/100 ml)
Station
         Sub-Station   August 13,  1963
 October 23 and
November 11, 1963
27.7,
immediately below American
Crystal Sugar Company
25.2
immediately below Rahr Malting
Right
Center
Left
Right
Center
Left
35,000
54,000
18,000
160,000
35,ooo
24,000
54,000
54,000
920,000
9,200,000
1,600,000
3,500,000
Provisional Flow Date:
August 13 - 6,540 cfs;  October 23 -  1,2?0  cfs;
November 11 - 1,160 cfs.

-------
                                                      1081


           The Rahr Malting Company operates throughout



the year, and the American Crystal Sugar Company generally



operates from late September to late January or early



February.  The untreated wastes from the American Crystal



Sugar Company enter on the left bank (facing downstream),



and the Rahr Company wastes enter on the ^-ight bank.

                                                              j

           In general, the dissolved oxygen content of the    !



Lower Minnesota River Is low during the wprrn months. This


can be attributed to the pollution load imposed on the        ;



river, both natural and man-made, and the high turbidity of
                                                              1


the river water.  In turbid water, the penetration of sun-



light is reduced, thereby handicapping the growth of algae



which are a source of dissolved oxygen through photosynthesis.;



The dissolved oxygen in the r,i ver ranged from aboi t 1 mg/1



to super-saturation.  The dissolved oxygen has in the past



been completely exhausted in certain areas during periods



of ice cover, but recent data are not available for th;s



period.  Further studies are planned for th^s winter-



Samples collected during August, 1963* generally showed



dissolved oxygen concentrations of about 5 mg/1.



           The 5-day BOD values of the samples collected as



a part of the Water Quality Sampling Program averaged about



6.0 mg/1, and ranged from 1.1 to 17 mg/1.  The samples



collected on the Lower Minnesota River, as a part of the



current study, had a mean 5-day BOD value of about I* mg/1

-------
                                                        1082
before the American Crystal Sugar Company In Chaska began

operations and about 10 mg/1 after.   In general, the 5-day

BOD values are indicative of organic pollution, particularly

in certain reaches and periods.

           The remaining analytical data including suspended

solids, suspended volatile matter, phosphorus, chloridts.

ammonia and surfactants, generally Substantiate the inter

pretations given above and indicate a fair degree of

pollution.




Biolo_gy




           The Lower Minnesota River is oiologically poor.

There are relatively few organisms present in it in any

number.  It is believed that chis condition may not be

ascribable to any one cause but is rather a result of a

combination of factors including the natural character of

the stream, pollution by sewage and industrial wastes, and

dredging of the channel.

           Bottom sampling .n August and again  Ln October,

1963, between the mouth of the Minnesota River and mile 33

yielded a total of only 6 species of organisms  in the bottom

fauna.  Only 8 of 15 stations sampled in .-ross-section

yielded organisms of any kind.  All organisms found in this

reach were classified as pollution tolerant or facultative

-------
                                                       1083



except at Station 25.6 where one clean water caddis larvae



was taken.  Such a paucity of life in a river indicates



that conditions are not satisfactory for growth and con-



tinued development of many species and that those species



which were present did not find favorable conditions or



they would have been present .1 n greater numbers.



           One factor limiting the biota Is the natural



character of the stream.  The lower river has predominantly



a sandy bottom with few areas of gravel or rubble or even



mud to whtch organisms might attach, crawl under or burrow



in.  The current is frequently strong in this reach and



scours large portions of the bottom and causes shifting



of sand in many areas.                                         ;



           The dredging of the lower reach has probably       ;
                                                              i


accentuated this scouring characteristic by creating a more   :
                                                              »


chute-like channel.  The dredging of the river for barge
                                                              i
                                                              i

traffic has eliminated some natural cover of the biota        j
                                                              i


and reduced the natural multiplicity of environmental con-    •



ditlons.  Normally one would expect to find a host of



detritus feeders in this type of river; i.e., worms, various



insect larvae and many snails and clams should be present



but were not.



           It is known that the Lower Minnesota River as



recently as 1935 supported a rich and varied mussel fauna.



The shells of this former population are found in profusion

-------
                                                       1084

on the river bank today, yet no living clams or snails could

be found In this reach In 1963.  In a collecting session of

not more than two hours, old shells representing 16 species

of clams were collected from the banks.   Apparently none

of these species have survived, their disappearance being

a consequence presumably of both dredging and pollut'-on.

Prom the marked adverse effect upon the stream biota, it

would appear that at least two degrading influences have

been felt.  Likely poss.i nil j ties are oxygen depletion by

organic wastes, ana periodic conditions of toxicity possibly {
                                                             i
caused by oil spills.   The almost complete absence of clean  |
                                                             t
water organisms jn this reach is indicative of the effects   i
                                                             i
of organic pollution with concurrent oxygen depletion ^hlle i
                                                             t

the scarcity of even pollution-tolerant organisms points     j
                                                             i
                                                             i
toward Intermittent slugs of toxic wastes.                    ;

           Another degrading  nfluence of significant

effect upon the river IB the high silt load and consequent   I

turbidity.  This "s believed to have increased during the

past 30 years and it, too, has a detrimental effect upon

river biota.  The basis of the aquatic food chain, the

algae, Is suppressed by high tx-rbidities because of reduced

light penetration.   Although algal growth and photosynthetic

replenishment of dissolved oxygen are thereby limited, high

turbidity does lim.it the action of bacteria which break

down organic wastes and ordinarily consume oxygen in the

-------
                                                         1085
process as long as oxygen  is  avaJlable
Effect of Minneeota Riyer on j^ississijppi  River




           Prom review of all  of  the  data Available,  it


appears that the Minnesota  River  has  some detrimental


effects ori the f'lss i ss: pp.  River  from & chemical  and  a

r.aeteri ologica1 3tandpoInt

           The mean 5-day BOD  or  the  Mississippi  River

above the mouth; of the _";-: nnesota  River Is about 2.5 mg/1


while -hav, oi i;he .•';; nnesota River near the mouth   s abo'>t

4.0 iiT5/l.  D> ring the period of the year  when the American


Crystal Sugar plant is in operat lor.,  tne  ',j.QL  of the


Minnesota River is substantially  .^creased, ono during


the winter period especially,  r^ay result  -n a higher  BOD


in the Mississippi River.   The ilow in the Mississippi  River


above the confluence oi the two rivers a ^enerall^ three

times that in the Minnesota River.

           The dissolved oxygen Content of the M:nnesota


River is generally lower than  that of the Miss'ssJppi River
                                                              I
at the Junction.  The mean  value  for  the  Mississippi  River   I


just above the confluence of the  Minnesota River  Is about


9.8 mg/1, while that of the Minnesota River 1.9 miles above


the mouth Is 7-8 mg/1.


           The bacteriological quality of the Mississippi

-------
                                                        1086
River and Minnesota River at their confluence is of the
same order.  The median total coliform counts of the




Mississippi and Minnesota rivers is 11,000 and 8,000 MPN/100




ml, respectively.

-------
          n
          a;

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-------
                                                        1093
          SEWAGE WORKS ON THE MINNESOTA RIVER


Mankato


           The Mankato plant was constructed In  1961 and
Is a primary plant consisting of a control building, two
primary settling tanks, a ehlorlnation contact tank, two
sludge digesters, a sludge drying bed, and a sludge lagoon.
The plant is designed for a sewage and waste flow of 5.82
ragd with a 5-day BOD of 250 rng/1.  Part of the sewer system
Is combined sanitary and storm.


North Mankato                                                 I
           Plans for a forcstna-'n to carry raw sewage from
North Mankato across the Minnesota River- to an existing
Interceptor sewer in Mankato were approved on August 7,
1963.  A contract has been made for treatment of the North
Mankato sewage in the Mankato sewage treatment plant.  The
forcemaln is now under construction and is expected to be
in operation early in the spring.


St.  Peter


           The St. Peter sewagt works were constructed in

-------
                                                       1094
1963> and consist of a lift station and forcemain, two
primary and one secondary raw sewage stabilization ponds.
The primary ponds have a total surface area of about lA8
acres, and the secondary pond has a liquid surface of aboi-t
47 acres.  The ponds are designed to treat a sewage and
waste flow of about 1.1 mgd with a 5-day BOD oi' about ?70
rag/1.  The storage time at the dealer flow of 1.1 mgd Is
about 270 days, based upon a depth of b feet in the primary
ponds and 5 feet in the secondary pond.  These facilities
also serve the State Hospital at St. Peter,
Le Sueur
           A lift station and forcemain and two pr.:mary
and one secondary raw sewage stabilization ponds were
constructed in 1963.  The ponds are designed to treat a
sewage and waste flow of about 0.397 nigd with a 5-day BOD
of about 3^5 mg/1.  The primary ponds have a total surface
area of about 60 acres.  The secondary pond has a surface
area of about 21 acres.  The storage time In tne ponda at
the design flow is about 285 days, based on a storage
depth of four feet in the primary ponds and five feet in
the secondary pond.
Henderson

-------
                                                       1095  j
                                                             !
            This is the only sewered municipality  located  on I
                                                             I

the Minnesota River which does not provide treatment,  or has

not yet made arrangements for treatment, of the sewage before
                                                             •
                                                             i
discharging it to the river.  On August 5, 1963, the Commission
                                                             i
Informed the village that planning for the orderly developmen

of adequate facilities for treatment of the sewage and in-

dustrial waste for which they are responsible must proceed

without delay.  The village thereupon employed a consulting

engineer to conduct an engineering study and prepare a pre-

liminary report and so advised this Commission on  November

21, 1963.



Belle Plaine
            The borough sewage works were constructed in 1963

and consist of one primary and one secondary raw sewage

stabilization pond.  The ponds are designed to treat a sewage

and waste flow of 0.20 mgd with a 5-day BOD of about 390 mgA

The primary pond has a surface area of about 33 acres and the

secondary pond has about 14 acres.  A storage period of about

250 days is provided at the design flow.



Chastca



            The Chaska sewage treatment plant was constructed

-------
I
                                                       1096
In 1963 and in a secondary plant consisting of bar screens
and ooramlnutor, grit removal equipment, a contact aeration
tank, a re aeration tank, an aerobic sludge digestion tank:,
settling tanks, and chlorine contact tanks.  It Is designed
to treat a sewage and waste flow of 0.75 mgd with a 5-day
BOD of about 200 rag/1.  Since there are no other sewage treat
ment plants of this type In operation In Minnesota, the plans
were approved with the reservation that modification to the
plant would be required if performance is not satisfactory.


Shakopee


            This plant was constructed In 1961.  It is a
primary plant and Includes a control building, a dual primary
settling tank, a dual chlorlnatlon tank, two sludge digestion
tanks, and a sludge drying bed.  The plant Is designed to
treat 0.90 mgd of sewage and waste at a 5-day BOD of about
300 mg/1 to produce an effluent of about 200 mg/1.  Provision
is made in the design of the interceptor sewer for the possible
future discharge of the Rahr Malting Company wastes to the
municipal plant for treatment when secondary units are con-
structed.

Savage

            A new sewage treatment plant was constructed in

-------
                                                       1097
 1963 and  replaced a plant which was constructed In 1939.  The

 new plant consists of a control building, a primary settling

 tank, a high-rate trickling filter, a secondary settling tank

 a heated  sludge digester, and a sludge drying bed.  Provision

 is also made for chlorlnatlon of the plant effluent.  The

 plant is  designed to treat 0.39 mgd of sewage and waste with

 a 5-day BOD of about 210 mg/1 to produce an effluent oi' about

 40 rag/1.  Final disposal of the plant effluent, is to a creek

 which Joins the Minnesota River.


 Burn a v.l lie Township f Dakota County


            The Burnsville sewage treatment plant was con-

 structed  in 1963.  It is a secondary treatment plant and

 employs the contact stabilization modification of ihe activated

 sludge process.  The various units include a contact tank,

 sludge reaeration tank, aerobic sludge digestion tank, final

 settling tank and chlorine contact tank.  The plant is de-

 signed to provide secondary treatment for a flow of 0.50 mgd

 with a 5-day BOD of about 200 mg/1.  The plant was completed

 and started on January 20, 1964.  A temporary sewage holding

pond was used previously.  The effluent drains to the Minnesotja

River by way of Black Dog Lake.


 Cedar Grove Subdivision, Kgan Township, Dakota County


            A secondary treatment plant was constructed In

-------
                                                      1098
I960 and consists of a conmdaimtor, dual Aeration tanks, dual

settling tanks, a ohlorinatlon tank, a sludge holding tank, a

control building, and ohlorlnatlon equipment.  The plant Is

designed to treat 0.083 ftgd of sewage with a 5-day BOD of 230

mg/1 to produce an effluent of about 30 mg/1.  Final disposal

of the plant effluent Is to Blaok Dog Creek and thence to the

Minnesota River.


     INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL ON THE MINNESOTA RIVER


Honeymead Products Company, Mankato



            The company Is engaged principally in the produc-

tion of soybean oil.  Large quantit lea of soybeans, soybean

oil and by-products from soybean oil processing are stored In
                                                             i
                                                             i
tanks or similar containers on the plant site next to the Blufe
                                                             i
                                                             t
Earth River a short distance from the confluence with the    j
                                                             i
Minnesota River.  Plant process wastes are acidulated and    j
                                                             i
treated in oil traps before being discharged to the Blue Eartji
                                                             i
River.  A large quantity of soybean oil was lost to the Blue

Earth River In January, 1963, when a large tank burst.  The

company has recently submitted preliminary plans for secondary

containment structures, and is proceeding with studies aimed

at reducing the discharge of plant wastes and increasing the

degree of waste treatment.

North Star Concrete Products Company, Mankato

-------
                                                      1099    i

            This company is engaged In the washing of sand an
-------
                                                       1100

on the Minnesota River.  It has a net capability of 27,900

kilowatts and a heat rejection to the river at maximum oapaolly

of about 170 x 10^ ETU/hr.  Cooling water flow Is dependent or,

load and river temperature conditions.  At maximum generations
                                                              i
and with the river temperature in excess of 60°P, the cooling !

water flow is about 23,000 gpm.  Under these conditions, the
                                                              i
temperature rise through the condenser is about 15°F.         j
                                                              !

                                                              i
Gopher State Silica Company                                   i
                                                              i
                                                              j

            The plant le engaged in the washing, and grading ofj

•lllca sand at a site near the Minnesota River a few miles    i

down stream from St. Peter in LeSueur County.  Water for plantj
                                                              !
operation is pumped from the pit and Cody Lake and discharged I
                                                              i

together vilth tailings from the washing and grading operational'
                                                              i
to a clarification basin which overflows to Cody Lake and the !
                                                              i
Minnesota River.



Green Giant Company^ LeSueur



            This plant is located adjacent to the Minnesota

River and is engaged in the canning and freezing of peas and

corn.  Operation of the plant Is seasonal.  Liquid wastes

from the operation Include cooling water, corn silage stack

liquor and water used for cleaning of the plant and equipment.

The total waste flow is reportedly about 1 mgd.  The process

wastes and silage liquor are disposed of by means of a ridge

and furrow Irrigation field.

-------
                                                      1101

Minneaota Valley Mlltc  proeatgjng Cooperative  Association,


Belle  Plaine
            The plant  Is  located on the  right bank:  of  the


Minnesota River.  The  principal activity Is  the drying of  noni


fat milk for human consumption and it  is one of the largest


plants of its kind in  the State.  Liquid wastes consist  of   i
                                                              !

cooling and condensing water, losses from milk drying> and   '


uank truck washings as well as equipment and floor  washings.


The cooling water is segregated from the process wastes.   The


sanitary sewage is segregated from the process wastes/ and


discharged to a septic tank followed by  a soil absorption


field.  The company is currently engaged in making  engineering


studies for construction of process waste treatment facilities




American Crystal.. Sugar Company,* Chaska
            This plant produces refined sugar from sugar


beets.  Operation Is seasonal and generally is between Septemb*!]


and February.  The wastes consist of lime sludge, flume water,}


and process wastes.  The total flow during maximum operation


may approach 6 mgd.  Treatment facilities consist of a lime    !


sludge pond with no discharge.  The remainder of the wastes


are discharged without treatment directly to the river.


            An attempt was made to operate a small broad-fieId


irrigation system but without success.  The company participate

-------
                                                        1102

with this Department in a recent waate survey made to determine


the volume and characteristics of the plant wastes.



Rahr Malting Company j Shakopee



            This plant produces malt from barley.  The


processes consist of steeping, germination, and drying.  The
                                                             i
                                                             I
wastes produced consist of cooling and wash waters.  The totalL


waste water flow amounts to about 3 mgd of whioh about 75^> isj

                                                             i
olean cooling water.  Basket screens are located at points   i
                                                             !

within the plant to oatoh residual grain.  No further treat- )


ment is provided, but an allowance was made in the design of i
                                                             I

the city interceptor sewer to permit discharge of the process j
                                                             i
                                                             i
wastes into the oity system at some future date when additional

                                                             !
treatment facilities are provided by the oity.               j
                                                             i
                                                             i

                                                             i
Owens -Illlnolg Glass Company, Scott County                   j
            This plant manufactures paper boxes and other    !


containers from paper stock.  Processes consist of cutting,


forming and gluing.  The major process waste consists of


residual starch and this is treated with sanitary sewage in


an activated sludge plant (package unit) which Is designed


for a flow of about 0.015 ragd.  The effluent it discharged to


the Minnesota River via a ditch.




Carglll, Inc., Savage

-------
                                                        1103  j
            Thla  plant  is  located  on  the  right  bank of  the    I
                                                              *
 Minnesota River and  Is  engaged  in  extracting  and  refining  soyj-
                                                              i
 bean  and  linseed  oil.   Waste  treatment  facilities consist  of  j
                                                              i
 screens and an  oil  separator.   Treated  wastes are discharged  i

 to  the Credit River  near its  confluence with  the  Minnesota

 River.                                                        I
                                                              i
            Kxtensive storage facilities  are  provided at Port;

 Cargill in connection with barge shipment of  vegetable  oils

 and soybeans.                                                 i


 Northern  States Power Company,  Black  Dog  Plant«               ;

 Burnsville Township, Dakota County


            This  steam  electric generating planu  is located

 on  the Minnesota  River  about  8  miles  above the  mouth.   The

 plant has  a net capability of about 460,900 kilowatts and     ;
                                                              i
 under maximum capacity  operation rejects  about  2,460 x  10^    i

 BTU/hr.   A condensing water recirculation pond  is used  so     ".
                                                              t
 actual heat losses to the  river are not  known  but  are estimated!

 to be considerably less than the plant  rejection  although     j
                                                              !
 this is to some degree  dependent upon river levels and  water  j
                                                              i
 temperatures.   Maximum  cooling water  flow is  about  300,000    i

 gpm with reolrculation dependent on river levels.             j
                                                              j
            Ashes are handled hydraulically and used for fillj

 on the plant grounds.  The ash flume  water is clarified by

means of a settling  pond.

-------
                                                        1104

  Twin City Barge ind Towing Company, Bumavllle

  Dakota County
              This company operates stationary barge cleaning  !

                                                               i
  facilities on the right bank: of the Minnesota River in Burns-!


  vllle Township.  The facilities are operated during the river'

                                                               j
  shipping season only.  In general, the operations consist of '


  cleaning coal barges so that they can be loaded with grain.


  Wastes from the operations include coal and grain mixed with


  wash water, most of which is discharged directly into the


  river without treatment.  The oompany does not usually clean


  barges which have been used to transport liquids, but ocoasiofc


  ally will clean barges which have been used to transport


  sulfur, phosphate rock, or similar materials.


              A study Is being made by the company to determine


  If uhe wet cleaning now done can be replaced by dry cleaning


  methods.



PRELIMINARY LIST OF LIQUID STORAGE DEPOTS*, ON THE MINNESOTA
  Richards Oil Company, Scott County




              The oompany is located on the right bank: of the

  Minnesota River up-stream from Savage.  The oompany is engagec

  in receiving, blending and shipping asphalt and fuel oils,

  and has a barge dock on the river.  In general, the materials

-------
                                                         1105
are received by barge and shipped by truck, but soybean  oil

Is sometimes received and loaded Into barges at the company

dock.  A large quantity of petroleum oil was lost to the

In December 1962.  All of the storage facilities have been

enclosed with earth dikes with the exception of one or two

tanks for which dike construction Is currently underway.  A

large oil recovery basin and filter has been constructed on

this property to remove oil from the plant area drainage.
*Not Including those which are a part of a "wet" industry
which is listed as having a separate waste outlet.

-------
                                                                                        1106
J2cmr
                                     WUAUTI DATA.  ST. CROIX RIVEE
         Location:  Preecott, Wise.;  Bridge on  USH  10, Station SC - 0
Date
4-17-62
7-25-62
8-27-62
9-26-62
11-7-62
2-5-63
2-26-63
6-18-63
11-5-63
pH
Units
7.6
7.9
7.6
8.1
8.0
8.3
9.0
7.6
7.5
Total
Presumptive
Coliforms
(MPN/100 ml)
200
<200
4200
<200
<200
—
<200
200
200
Sus-
pended
Solids
4.8
7.2
5.2
5.6
5.2
3.2
2.0
4.4
7.2
Tur-
bidity
Units
10
11
10
5
3
6
20
10
10
Phospho-
rous



0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.10
Sur-
Ananonia fact ants
0
0
<_ 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.12
.01
.14 <0.1
.24 '-0.1
.24 <0.1
.16 <0.1
.1 <0.1
.18 SO.I
DO
0
5
5

7
10
8
6
7
.2
.9
.9

.6
.4
.8
.4
.0
5-Day
BOD
2.6
2.7
4.0
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
3-4
2.5
         Location:  Stillwater; Bridge on SH 212,  Station SC  - 22.6
4-17-62
7-25-62
9-11-62
11-6-62
3-26-63
6-18-63
11-5-63
7.8
8.2
7.0
8.6
8.8
7.7
7.9
610
1,300
800
2,300
4,900
500
1,100
8.4
20.0
4.0
6.0
2.8
11.0
6.4
10
15
15
1.0
19
12
10
_
_
_
0.08
o.n
o.n
0.03
0.2
' 0.1
<.' 0.1
< 0.1
0.10
* 0.06
<0.05
11.4
7.9
7.0
6.1
7.6
4.8
11.9
2.5
4.5
1.8
2.3
2.0
4.5
3.8
         Location:  Osceola,  Wise.;  Bridge  on  SH 243, Station SC - 45
4-17-62
7-25-62
9-10-62
11-6-62
2-26-63
6-6-63
11-5-63
8.2
8.1
7.5
8.7
8.6
7.3
7.9
200
200
200
1,700
2,200
1,300
500
7.6
6.8
' 5,6
8.4
4.4
11.0
3.2
10
13
15
2
U
10
8
—
_
_
0.08
, o.n
0.16
0.03
0.2
<. 0.1
'• 0.01
0.04
0.10
< 0.05
< 0.05
                                                                              11.5
                                                                               7.6
                                                                               7.0
                                                                               9.6
                                                                               7.7
                                                                               6.1
5.5
5.9
1.3
2.5
2.3
5.0
                                                                              12.1   2.P

-------
                                                       1107  l
                      ST. CROIX RIVER                        |
           The St. Crolx River rises in Uppser St. Croix

Lake, Douglas County, Wisconsin, and follows a southerly

course 164 miles through forests and farm lands to its

confluence with the Mississippi River at mile 811.3  (miles

above the Ohio River).  The lower 120 miles of the river

fora a boundary between Minnesota and Wisconsin.  Its mean   j
                                                             i
flow over a 60-year period (1902 to 1962) is 4,0^3 cfs,

measured at St. Crolx Falls, Wisconsin.

           There is very little development along the river

bank on the Minnesota side upstream of Taylor Falls, with

moderate development; downstream.  There are only three

Incorporated Minnesota municipalities located directly on

the river which have public sanitary sewer systems, and

all of these municipalities have provided sewage treatment

facilities.  All other smaller sources of sewage also have

been required to provide treatment facilities.  No major

Industries discharge directly to the river from the Minnesota!
                                                             j
side at the present time.

           Samples have been collected on the St. Crolx      \
                                                             i
River by personnel of the Section of Water Pollution Control !
                                                             !
as part of a statewide routine water quality monitoring      j
                                                             !
program since 1953.  The points of sampling and analytical   '

data are presented in Volumes 1, 2, and 3 of the publication

                                                             i
                                                             j

-------
                                                      1108



of this Department entitled, "Water Quality Sampling



Program, Minnesota Lakes and Streams."  The data for



samples collected in 1962 and 1963 are tabulated on separate



sheets, because Volume 4 (for 1962 and 1963) has not yet



been published.








Uses of the River








           The present uses of the St. Croix River consist



mainly of recreation, barge shipping, and disposal of



relatively minor quantities of treated sewage and industrial




waste effluents.  Some harvesting of ice is done on the



lower river for use in railroad refrigeration.




           The major use of the river is for recreational



purposes, such as boating, canoeing, fishing, and swimming.



Because of the excellent recreational values of the river,



this use is expected to increase substantially in the coining



years.   The natural quality of the river is suitable i'or



such uses and pollutlonal effects are subject to control sc



as not  to inhibit this use.  Prom a bacteriological stand-



point,  the river is considered generally acceptable for



bathing use in most areas, but sanitary surveys of individual



areas are considered desirable to ascertain conditions In



each specific instance.



           There is a small amount of freight traffic on the

-------
                                                       1109
St. Croix, from the mouth to the one barge dock at Stillwater,

Coal la the only commodity shipped, and this traffic is net

expected to increase substantially.

           No municipalities obtain their water supplies

from the river at present.  Some interest has been expressed

in the possible use of water from the St. Croix River b>

St. Paul to supplement its Mississippi River supply, but it

is not expected that these waters will be used as a source   ,
                                                             i
of water supply in the near future.                          ;

           Presently, the river is capable of assimilating   .
                                                             i
the treated effluents discharged to it without any           :

deleterious effects.  However, with an expanding popula-     :
                                                             i
tion demanding more water, and increasing recreational use,
                                                             4
the waste discharges should be reduced further by providing  1
                                                             i
secondary treatment at all existing sources.  The Water      :

Pollution Control Commission has indicated by resolution

in May 19^3 Its Intention of requiring such secondary

treatment of both existing and new sources in the future.


Analytical Data
           The total conform count of the samples collected

during the 10 years of the Water Quality Sampling Program

range from less than 20 to 24,000 MPN/100 ml (most probable

number per 100 milliliters), with an arithmetic average or

-------
                                                        1110
mean value of about 1,200 MPN/100 ml.   In general, higher
counts were found In the samples from immediately below
Osceola, Wisconsin, with lower counts being found in the
samples taken upstream from Osceola, and downstream from
Bayport.  The coliform count appears to have dropped slightl
In the last five years.
           The dissolved oxygen values obtained from the
river sampling ranged from 4.0 to 12.2 mg/1 (milligrams
per liter), with a mean value of 8.8 mg/1.  There appears
to be no significant change in the dissolved oxygen con-
centration of the river from Danbury,  Wisconsin, to the
mouth.  This indicates that the river was able to readily
assimilate any residual waste discharged to it and maintain
a dissolved oxygen concentration capable of supporting all
native game fish.
           The 5-day BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of
the river samples collected during the ten-year period
ranged from 0.2 to 6.8 mg/1, with an average of 2.6 mg/1.
These values in themselves are not necessarily indicative
of severe pollution; however, samples collected from the
river below Osceola, Wisconsin, showed some indications
of an organic load being added.
           The other analytical data generally Indicate p
rather clean river with only slight evidence of polluticr .

-------
                                                       1111
Effect of St. Croix River on Mississippi River
           The water quality of the St. Crolx River above
the confluence with the Mississippi River is significantly
better than that of the Mississippi River, as may be
seen from the following summary table:*  (* Values are
means of samples collected as part of WQSP, except conforms
whioh are medians of presumptive determinations.  For
specific data, see the attached table.)
                         Mississippi River   St. Croix River
                            at Hastings,      at Prescott,
                             Minnesota         Wisconsin
Total Coliform Group
   (MPN/100 ml)
Dissolved Oxygen (tag/1)
5-Day Biochemical Oxygen
   Demand (rng/1)
Chlorides (»g/l)
34,000
   4.8

   4.1
  12.4
< 200
  8.8

  2.4
  2.4
      means leas than.

-------
                                                        1112
           Therefore, the effect of the St. Crolx River on
the quality of the Mississippi River would not be to lower
it, but, in all probability, to improve it.  The BOD load
imposed on the Mississippi River from the St. Croix River is
not significant.


             SEWAGE WORKS ON THE ST. CROIX RIVER


Stillwater
           This plant was constructed in I960 and provides
primary treatment.  It consists of four rectangular primary
tanks, a chlorine contact tank, two heated sludge digestion
tanks, a six compartment sludge drying bed, and control
building.  The plant is designed to treat sewage and waste
flowing at the rate of 2.18 mgd (million gallons per day)
dry-weather flow.  The raw sewage is estimated to have a
dry-weather 5-day BOD of about 125 mg/1.  Stillwater has a
partially combined sewer system.  The plant will provide a
35 percent reduction in 5-day BOD and a 60 percent reduction
in SS (suspended solids) under dry-weather flow conditions.
It will produce an effluent with a 5-day BOD of approximately
81 mg/1.


Bay port

-------
                                                       in;-;
           This is a secondary plant consisting of a pri^rr

settling tank, aeration tanks, final settling tanks,

chlorination contact tank and separate sludge digestion

tanks.  It Is designed to treat sewage from both Bayport

and the State Prison at the rate of 0.337 mgd with a 5-dn.-,.

BOD of 205 »g/l to produce an effluent of approximately

30 mg/1.

           Plans and specifications were approved by the

Water Pollution Control Commission on December 20, 1963,

for additions and alterations.  The additions and alteration

will consist of a new control building, a contact aeration

tank, a return sludge reaeration tank and two final settln.,

tanks.  The Improved plant is designed to provide secondary

treatment by a modification of the activated sludge process

for sewage and waste from Bayport at the rate of 0.25 mgd

and from the State Prison at the rate of 0.40 mgd.  This

flow will have a 5-day BOD of about 215 mg/1.  ft reduction

in 5-day BOD of 75 to 90 percent is expected when design

conditions are reached.


                      VERMILLION RIVER


           The Vermillion River rises in eastern Scott

County near Lakeville, flows easterly through flat to

rolling land and passes through the municipalities of

-------
                                                      1114
Farmlngton, Vermlllion, and Hastings.  At Hastings, the
river falls precipitously to the valley of the Mississippi
River, and flows along the west side of the flood plain in
the valley for about 18 miles until it Joins the Mississippi
River above Red Wing.  The official mouth of the Vermlllior:
River ia listed by the U. S. Corps of Engineers as beiruj,  >;
Mississippi River mile 813.2 in Hastings, but a diversion
structure at the mouth causes the river to flow southward
so that it Joins the Mississippi River at mile 796.7 belov
Lock and Dam No. 3* near Red Wing.
           Prom records over 5 years, from 19^3 to 19*r",
the mean flow as measured at Hastings was 81 cfs.  No flow
data are available for the period after 19^7.


Uses of the River


           The present uses of the Vermlllion River consist
mainly of stock watering, some limited recreation, and dis-
posal of treated sewage and industrial wastes.
           No municipal water supplies are taken from the
river.  There is not known to be any boating on the river,
and only limited fishing upstream from the mouth, but
many fishermen have been observed fishing the river near
the Junction with the Mississippi River.  Recreational usr
of the river may increase somewhat in the future.

-------
                                                       1115
           All municipalities on the Vertnllllon River  now

have secondary aewage treatment works.  There are no
industries which discharge untreated wastes to the river.


Analytical Data


           Samples have not been taken on a routine basis

on the Vermillion River, but special surveys were made on
the river in 1932, 19^6, 1956, and I960.  The latest         j
sampling data show the presence of a good supply of dissolved
oxygen, low 5-day BOD, and moderate total conform
organism counts.  These values average about 9 mg/1, 2 mg/1,
and 5,000 MPN/100 ml, respectively.


Effect of Vermillion River on Mississippi River


           The Vermillion River as it enters the Mississippi
River below Lock and Dam No. 3 is of a quality comparable
to the Mississippi River.  Based on quality and the large
difference in the flows of the two rivers, the Vermillion

River is not expected to affect the Mississippi River  in

any way.

-------
                                                      1116



              SEWAGE WORKS ON THE VERMILLION RIVER








Hastings State Hospital








           The Hastings State Hospital sewage treatment



plant was constructed in 1937, with additions in 19*19.  It



is a secondary plant and consists of a flow measuring



device, bar screen, comminutor, primary clarlfier, two



aerators, chlorlnation unit, heated sludge digester, and



sludge beds.  The plant is designed to treat sewage and



laundry wastes by the activated sludge process.  The waste



flow is 0.15 mgd and has a 5-day BOD of 340 mg/1.  The plant



is designed to produce an effluent of approximately 20 rag/1.



Discussions have recently been reported concerning a



possible connection of the hospital to the Hastings sewer




system.








                         CANNON RIVER








           The Cannon River rises in the vicinity of Shields




Lake in west central Rice County and flows through a series



of lakes to its confluence with the Mississippi River




upstream of Red Wing at mile 793.  The flow is through



agricultural lands for most of its course.  A dam one and



one-half miles upstream from Cannon Falls forms Byllesby

-------
                                                      1117

Lake, and largely regulates t>e flow downstream.  The mean


flow as measured at Welch is 470 cfa, from records over


31 years (1931 to 1962).






Uses o_f the River






           The present uses of the Cannon River consist      j
                                                             j

mainly of st^ck watering, some recreation, and disposal      i
                                                             i

of sewage and industrial wastes.  There are no municipalities!
                                                             i
                                                             i

which take their water supply from the river.                !

                                                             i
           In moat reaches of the river, the water quality   j
                                                             |
                                                             i
may not be unduly hazardous for stock watering, but is not   i

                                                             I

generally satisfactory for bathing or boating.  Most of the  j


recreational activity on the river is on the lakes or        j
                                                             i

reservoirs, such as Byllesby Lal:e.                           !
                                                             i

           The Cannon River presently does not offer high    j
                                                             i

quality game Dishing, and there have been a number of        |
                                                             i

reports of fish kills.  These episodes have been mostly      |


well upriver near Faribault and Northfield, and before


construction of sewage and waste treatment facilities at


Paribault and Northfield.


           The future recreational uses of the river can


be expected to increase as the quality of the river water


improves by virtue of the construction of additional sewage


and waste disposal works.  It is not expected that the river

-------
                                                       1118
water will become a source of municipal water supply, even

In the long-term future, but Industrial and agricultural uaee
may Increase somewhat.

           Cannon Palls is the only municipality which

presently discharges raw sewage and industrial wastes to

the river, but plans for secondary treatment facilities

have recently been approved by the Commission and the city

council has accepted a federal grant (PL 660) to assist in
financing construction of the proposed facilities.  Both

Paribault and Northfield have secondary treatment facilities

which were constructed in 195o and 1958* respectively.
There are a few small industries along the Cannor River

which discharge untreated process wastes to the river

between Paribault and Cannon Falls.
           Samples have been collected on the Cannon River
since 1953 as a part of the Water Quality Sampling Program

at a location above Welch.  The analytical data are

presented in volumes 1, 2 and 3 of "Water quality Sampling

Program, Minnesota LaKea arid Streams," and In attached

sheetc for 1962-63.


Analytical Data


           The presumptive total coliform test  is used as

an indicator of sewage pollution.  The following  table gives

-------
                                                     1119

an indication of the bacteriological quality of the river at

the sampling station at Welch:
                Min     1,300    MPN/100 ml

                Max    92,000    MFN/100 ml

                Mean   18,100    MPN/100 ml




           The high counts appear to be attributable to

residual sewage bacteria from Paribault and Northfield, as

well as the discharge of raw sewage from Cannon Palls.

           The mean dissolved oxygen concentration found     |
                                                             i
during the ten years of sampling at Welch was 9.9 mg/1.      j
                                                             j
The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration found was ^.0     j
                                                             ]
                                                             •
»g/l at Welch on the basis of these records.                 }

           The mean 5-day BOD of the samples was 4.1 mg/1    :

for the station at Welch.   This would not necessarily be

Indicative of significant pollution remaining at the Junction

with the Mississippi River some 13 miles downstream.

           The other analytical data generally show much

the same trends as do the total coliforih, dissolved oxygen,

and 5-day BOD data.  For specific data see the attached

table.




Effect of Cannon River on Mississippi River

-------
                                                      1120



           The bacteriological quality of the wafers cC




the Cannon River, as they enter the Misaissipr  " kv^r



upstream from Red Wing, is in general comparable to that of



the Mississippi River.  Because of the large difference in



the flows of the two rivers, the organic load imposed on



the Mississippi River by the Cannon River is considered



negligible and not likely to materially affect the



Mississippi River.

-------
  87cmr
                 .8
                      (\J NO O
                                                                                1121
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-------
                                                        1122


                  SEWAGE WORKS ON THE CANNON RIVER
           Plans arsd specifications  Tor the proposed  plant


were approved b\,. the Commission on October 8,  1963.   The


plant will be a secondary plant consisting of  a  primary


settling tank, a hi^h-rate trickling filter, a secondary


settling tank, ? ci.lorine contact tank and chlorination


equipment, si dye digesters, sludge drying beds, and  control


building,  The plant ^s designed to  provide treatment fcr


sewage and waste at tr.c rate of 0.50 mgd,  ..naludip,^ the


malting plant wastes.  The raw 'j-da.y 001 >M' soout  3t'0 m^/1


will be reduced to about T*^ m^/l.






        INDUSTRIAL WflSTE DISPOSAL ON TKi CANNON  RIVER





Minnesota Ma11ing Company, Cannon Falls






           This plant produces malt  for the brewing industry.
                                                              i

The plant waste flow reportedly averages about 0.144  mgd and  ;


IB now discharged to the Cannon River without  treatment.


It la understood that the wastes from this plant will b«


treated in the proposed new municipal sewage treatment plant.


An allowance for these wastes was made in the  design  of

-------
                                                       1123
the treatment facilities.   Contracts for construction of
the plant have been awarded.

-------
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99cmr
1133
      TWIN  CITIES  METROPOLITAN  AREA
                         I      '
                         I	L	L..

-------
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            MISSISSIPPI   RIVER    AND     SIGNIFICANT     TRIBUTARIES
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                                                     FCMUARY  1964
                                                                £TJ -INDUSTRIAL WASTE
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-------
                                                       1135




                     M. M. Margraves




           MR. STEIN:  Thank you for a very comprehensive



statement.  I think it gives us all a very clear picture



of what Minnesota is doing.



           I find myself in essential agreement with the



major points.




           As a matter of fact, considering the magnitude



of the tasks facing you and the size of your staff and



appropriation, I think this notion of a cooperative study



should be welcomed by both sides, because you certainly



have enough work to keep you busy throughout the State.



           Are there any comments or questions?



           MR. SMITH:  I would like to make one comment.



           MR. STEIN:  Yes, sir.



           MR. SMITH:  I believe Dr. Margraves misspoke on




the amount of the budget.  There is a $100,000 contingency



fund for the two-year period.  In addition, the budget for



this fiscal year is approximately $205,'"500, and for next



year is $217,000.



           MR. STEIN:  I believe Mr. Poston may have a




comment on that.



           MR. POSTON:  Well, you have answered my question.




I knew that there were funds.



           Maybe I am a bureaucrat and used to bigger



figures, or something, but I felt that it was a little bit

-------
                                                         1136
                      M. M.Hargraves
low from what I knew.
            MR. SMITH:  I should actually say of the $205,000
183,000 of that is Federal money.
            MR. STEIN:  Yes.  That Is why we knew this was of}.
            DR. HARGRAVES:  I misspoke primarily because this
is essentially what the Legislature has given us —• and it is
only this past Legislature that has done this -- and this
contingency fund oan only be spent at the moment upon conference
with them, and with their agreement that it should be spent.
So that the amount of Federal money we have is essentially
on top of the figures that I quoted.
            MR. STEIN:  Well, the Federal grart, as I
understand it, is about $83,000 a year.  Obviously, in order
to qualify for that money, you have to put in considerably
more than $17»000 of State funds to match, and the budget
must necessarily be high.
            MR. SMITH:  It would be approximately $122,000
added.
            MR. STEIN:  Yes.  Mr. Wilson?
            MR. WILSON:  Mr. Chairman, it is now the noon
hour and I assume you are going to adjourn shortly, but I
would just like to add a brief comment pertaining to some of
the points that Dr. Hargravea brought out.  It will only take

-------
                                                       1137

                      M. M, Margraves                        I

m« a couple of ralnutea to do so, If you wish to hearrme now

or wait until after lunch.
                                                             !
           MR. STEIN:  I thought, depending upon how many    j

people we have to hear, depending on the feeling of the      1
                                                             i
conferees —                                                 i

           MR. WISNIEWSKI:  I understand Minnesota has

about 13 people who will be appearing.                       ;
                                                             !
           MR. SMITH:  I have statements from many more      ;
                                                             i
than 13.                                                     i
                                                             I
           MR. WISNIEWSKI:  So that will take well into      i

the afternoon.  You will have to break for lunch sometime.

That is what I mean.                                         i

           MR. STEIN:  All right.  How long will your state-

ment take?                                                   j
                                                             i
           MR. WILSON:  Just two or three minutes.           |

           MR. STEIN:  Why don't you go ahead?               ;

-------
                                                      1138
                      C. S.  Wilson

           STATEMENT OP CHESTER S. WILSON, CONFEREE
           AND SPECIAL ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL,
           LEGAL COUNSEL, MINNESOTA  WATER POLLUTION
           CONTROL COMMISSION

           MR. WILSON:  I simply wanted to call attention
to this fact:
           One of the speakers from the State of Wisconsin
remarked that Mr. Wisniewski didn't have to ask people;  he
could go out and tell them.   I think that everyone  should
be reminded that we cannot do that under our Minnesota law
so promptly and with auch effect.
           Under our laws, as Dr. Hargraves pointed out,
we were reminded a few years ago by a court decision, the
first time the Minnesota Commission undertook to do that,
to go out and tell somebody something, the court constantly
slapped them down and told them that "t was necessary for
them first to hold a hearing and establish a standard for
a small country ditch before they could tell the creamery
to go and clean up its mess.
           The same thing appllee to every pollution
situation in the State, and notably to this Twin Cities
situation.

-------
                                                      1139

                      C. S. Wilson


           So, In preparation for backing up the expansion



of the Twin Cities plant, which was already underway, in


order to make sure that the results of that expansion will



be effective and that all minor sources of pollution in


this tremendous metropolitan area would be dealt with by


the time that plant goes into operation in 1966, the Comrais- !

                                                             i

sion provided that beginning in the spring of 1962, long     }
                                                             i

before these duck kills happened and long before this


conference waa conceived of, the Minnesota Commission, upon


its own initiative, launched the program for adopting


standards for this entire section of the Mississippi River


that Dr, Hargraves described.


           That took eight days of hearings, involved the



taking of over 1,000 pages of testimony, at which, as I


remarked, we were greatly aided by the witnesses from the


Public Health Service; and, as a result of the adoption of


those standards, the Minnesota Commission is now in a


position to back up this effort to clean up this portion of


the Mississippi River.



           Now, I might say that we are not too sure that



those standards are going to stick.  Dr. Hargraves has



mentioned that those standards involved loopholes.  We are



already in court on an appeal contesting the validity of


those standards.  We have to demonstrate that they are

-------
                                                      1140
                      C. S.  Wilson
reasonable and based upon evidence, before we can enforce
them; but the Commission IB  doing all it can to lay the
foundation for the very thing that Wisconsin la able to
do without going through all this trouble.
           That is one of the reasons why we are very glad
to acclaim our neighbor, Wisconsin, for progress in water
pollution, that they have not been handicapped by the
necessity of adopting a standard for all the waters in the
State.
           You can see what  that is going to mean.  If we
do not get cooperation from these *tl towns that haven't
got sewage treatment plants, if we do not get cooperation
from the 450 industries that we are going to have to go
after, we are going to have  to go through that aame process
with every one of them — hold a hearing and adopt a
standard -- before we can issue them an order.
           That is one of the things that I wanted to call
attention to, Mr. Chairman.   The thing that I should like
to emphasize, from long, long experience as a prosecuting
and law-enforcement attorney, is that this Commission has
no inspection force and no police force.
           With its small staff of engineers, if they have
to go out and perform the service of investigating cases
like these oil spills, or attempting to institute

-------
                      C. S. Wiloon



prosecutions of local violation*, they simply have to neglect



their tremendously important duties of advancing the progress



of construction of sewage treatment plants.



           It seems to me that one of the most important



things for all people concerned with the advancement of



pollution control in this State is to recognize the neces-



sity of getting behind the efforts of the Minnesota Commis-



sion to get what it takes to do these things and put over



the program.



           MR. STEIN:  Thank you, Mr. Wilson.



           Are there any other comments or questions?



           (No response.)



           MR. STEIN:  If not, may I suggest this:  Can we



adjourn for lunch for just one hour?  Is that possible?



           DR. HARGRAVES:  How about fifty minutes and be



back at one?



           MR. STEIN:  We will be back in fifty minutes,



and I hope you will return promptly so that we can start.



           (Whereupon, at 12:10 p.m., the conference was



recessed for lunch.)

-------
                                                       1142
                       AFTERNOON SESSION
                                            (1:25 p.m. )


           MR. STEIN:  May we reconvene?                     j
                                                             j

           Dr. Margraves9                                    :


           DR. HARGRAVES:  It is now time for the Minnesota  ;


conferees to call on our friends and critics to make         !

                                                             j
v-ontributions to this conference, so that we can have further'


constructive material go into this report.


           However, before we start, 1 would like to augment :


what Mr. Stein said yesterday — it seems like the other     j


day, but what he said yesterday -- that this is a conference.'


           I think a lot of people do not understand the


implications here.  This is not a hearing.  It has nothing


to do with police power at the moment.  It Is a conference


in which the States and the Federal Government, representa-


tives of each, have gotten together to talk over the


problems that exist and decide what "s best to do.


           You are here largely at our invitation, whether


you know It or not, or the invitation of the Wisconsin


Committee, and you are here to give us all help on better


understanding the problem that exists.


           Consequently, if you have a lot of criticism


that we can take and have taken In hearings, there will be


other times for that, and I am sure that you are sympathetic


with what I say and will be cooperative In making your

-------
                                                     1143

statement and not In reduplicating a lot that has been done,


because we have practically two pages, if not three, of


people who have been requesting an opportunity to air their


views.  We have asked many groups to combine their statements


with the represented like types of organizations.


           With that, I will ask Mr. Smith to start going    !
                                                             *
                                                             i

down through our agenda, and we will call on these individuals
                                                             !
                                                             I
In an order — I shouldn't say necessarily of importance,


but of stature, if you will, in government, and so on, aa


is done in most hearings.


           I will turn this over at the moment to Mr. Smith.


           MR. SMITH:  The first group to be heard from
                                                             i

this afternoon will be the Upper Mississippi River Conserva- j


tion Committee.                                              '
                                                             j

           Is Mr. Nord in the room?  Is there anyone from    i


that group here?


           (No response. )


           MR. SMITH:  I have, Mr, Chairman, copies of a


resolution by tM.s group which I would like to present for


the record.


           DR. HARGRAVES:  It is a short one.  Can't it be   j


read?  Do you want me to read it, or do you want to read It? j


           "POLLUTION RESOLUTION OF THE TWENTIETH


           ANNUAL UMRCC MEETING, JANUARY 7,


               HELD AT PEORIA, ILLINOIS

-------
                                                      1144
           "The Upper Mississippi River Conservation
     Committee, an organization consisting of representa-
     tives of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service,  Con-
     servation Agencies of the States of Minnesota,
     Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri, and  cooperat-
     ing agencies welcomes the opportunity to aid in
     evaluating the effect of pollution upon fish and
     wildlife and associated recreational uses of the
     Mississippi River.  This committee believes  that
     there is a prcfound effect of this pollution on fish
     and wildlife and it requests that particular con-
     sideration be given to this matter at the conference
     to be held in the Twin Cities on February 7, 1964.
           "In providing service in this connection,
     the Committee offers material relative to fish and
     wildlife and aquatic recreation resulting from its
     surveys and studies conducted since 194**."
           They offer this material.  Is this to  be offered
as an exhibit?
           MR. STEIN:  That is included in the record right
now.
           Will you continue, unless there are comments  or
questions?
           MR. SMITH:  The next on the list will be any
legislative committee representatives who may be present

-------
                                                      1145
and wish to make a statement.
           (No response.)
           MR. SMITH:  Also, any legislators present who
would like to make a presentation?
           (No response. )
           MR. SMITH:  Then we go from there to the State
Departments represented.  We do have a prepared repcrt
submitted in ten copies from the Department of Conservation,
the Division of Game and Pish, Mr. Chairman.
           This is rather detailed.  Much of the material,
I understand, has been discussed in one form or another by
other persons participating.
           MR. STEIN:  Would you want that included in the
record as if read?
           MR. SMITH:  I believe so.  Dr. Moyle?
           DR. MOYLE:  Yes, we would prefer to have it
Included in the overall record.
           MR. STEIN:  This will be included.
           (The statement of the State of Minnesota Depart-
ment of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, is as
follows:

-------
                                                      1146
                     STATE OP MINNESOTA


                 Department of Conservation
                  Division of Game and Piah


         Game and Flan Values of the Mississippi River
            between the Rum River at Anoka and the
               Chippewa River below Lake Pepin


                          SUMMARY


           The Division of Game and Pish, Minnesota Depart-
ment of Conservation, is concerned with the recreational
and economic values of the fish and game resources of the
Mississippi River between Anoka and the Chippewa River.
This section of the Mississippi River Includes such major
tributaries as the St. Croix River below Taylors Palls and
the Minnesota River below Henderson,  The Division is
carrying on limited management of these resources.  Prin-
cipal activities are fishery surveys of the Mississippi
River below St. Paul, supervision of commercial fisheries,
and acquisition and development of two wildlife management
and public hunting areas and three public access areas
along the Mississippi River below St. Paul.
           Pish kills associated with insufficient dissolved

-------
                                                       1X47
                                                             i

oxygen have occurred frequently in Pool 2 of the Mississippi:



River.  Pollution is a probable cause of oxygen deficiency   J

                                                             i

in parts of Pool 2.                                          I



           Fisheries surveys of the Mississippi River have



shown:  (l)  that several kinds of common warm-water game



fish are present above and below St. Anthony Falls; (2)      i



that fewer game fish and smaller rough fish were present in



1956 in Spring Lake, a part of Pool 2, than in Pools 3, 4
                                                             i


and 5; (3)  that average numbers of fish and pounds of fish  j



caught in Pools 3 and U were lower in 1963 than in 1957; and ;

                                                             i

(4) that In Pool 3 the decrease in average numbers and       j
                                                             *

pounds of fish caught in 1963 was more pronounced in areas



in and near the main channel than in a backwater lake little



affected by river flow.  Similar surveys have not been made



on the St. Croix or Minnesota Rivers but game and rough



fish are known to be present in these rivers.



           The value of commercial fish caught in Pools 2,



3, 4 and 5 of the Mississippi River in 1962 was approxi-
                                                             i
                                                             t

mately $97,500, of which $25,900 went to Minnesota fishermen.\



The catch In Pool 2 in recent years was higher than in Pools



3 and 5 but fish from Pool 2 are frequently off-flavor.      |

                                                             i

Off-flavor has lowered the selling price and limited the



market of fish from Pool 2.  The value of commercial fish



caught In the St. Croix River In 1962 was about  $17,600.



No commercial fishing la done In the Minnesota River.

-------
                                                        1148

            There IB sport fishing In nearly all the stretches

of the Mississippi River, St. Croix River and Minnesota Riv«|r

under consideration, but sport fishing is heaviest in Pools

3 and 4 of the Mississippi River and in the St. Croix River.

The Minnesota River is lightly fished.  Sport fishermen have

rarely been seen on Pool 2 of the Mississippi River during

aerial counts in recent years.  The aerial counts together

with ground counts of fishermen indicate low angling pressur^

on all pools of the Mississippi River compared to Minnesota

lakes.  Success of anglers on fools 4 and 5 was lower in     j
                                                             i

1956 and, due to more panfish caught, higher In 1962 than is!

usual on Minnesota lakes.                                    :

            The expenditures of spoilt fishermen, based on an'

economic survey conducted by the Division of Game and Fish

in 1957, are estimated to amount to about $750,000 for Pools |
                                                             {
3t 4, and 5 for the twelve months, April 1, 1962 to March 31J

1963.                                                        '
                                                             i
            Waterfowl use the Mississippi River and its      i
                                                             j
baclcwatere heavily and the St. Croix River and Minnesota

River to a lesser extent during migration.  Some waterfowl

neat along these rivers.  B'urbearing animals are trapped

along the Mississippi, St. Croix, and Minnesota rivers.

            Future use of these areas by fishermen and

hunters is expected to Increase, particularly if stream

conditions remain about the same or are improved.  Greatest

-------
                                                      1149
increase In use oan be expected on the Mississippi River.
     It Is the opinion of the Division of Game and Fish that
present water quality standards adopted for the Mississippi
River In the Mlnneapolis-St. Paul area promise to prevent
further deterioration and may result in some Improvement of
conditions for fish in the river above Lock and Dam No. 2.
However, present and foreseeable conditions under the       |
existing standards do not justify significant fisheries or
game management work on the Mississippi River between
St. Paul and Lock and Dam No. 2.  To properly manage for
fish, dissolved oxygen content should not be less than 5
ppm for more than 8 hours in any 24 hour period, and at no

time less than 3 ppro.
                      STATE OF MINNESOTA


                  Department of Conservation

                   Division of Game and Pish


          Game and Fish Values of the Mississippi River

             between the Rum River at Anoka and the

                Chlppewa River below Lake Pepin
i

-------
                                                      1150
                       INTRODUCTION
            The Division of Game and Fish, Minnesota



Department  of Conservation, Is concerned with the recrea-



tional and  economic values of the fish and game resources



of the Mississippi River, its bottom lands, backwaters, and



tributaries between the Rum River at Anolca and the Chippewa i



River below Lake Pepln.  Various parts of this area support !



commercial  fishing, sport fishing, hunting and other



recreational activities connected with fish and wildlife.



Principal management programs other than regulation of



limits and  seasons include surveys to obtain Information on



fish populations and fisherman use, supervision of commer-



cial fisheries, and acquisition and development of public



accesses and of wildlife management and public hunting areas



            Recreational uses of water other than those re-



lated to fish and wildlife are of substantial Interest to



the Division of Game and Fish, as Is water pollution abate-



ment, but primary responsibilities In these fields are



assigned to other agencies.



            In general, fish and game information contained



herein Is related to navigation pools as designated by the



U.S. Corps  of Engineers.  However, a ttrctch of approxi-



mately 14 mlle« of river lying between the head of the Upper



St. Anthony Pool at approximately Camden In north

-------
                                                        1151
  Minneapolis and  the  Rum River Is  not  Included  In  a navlgatlor
  pool.   Although  about  14 miles of river in Pool 4 lies below
  the  mouth of the Chlppewa River,  Pool 4 is here considered
  In Its entirety  to utilize available  fishery data.   Naviga-
  tion Pool 4, with reference to fishery data, is divided  Into
  Pool 4A comprising Lake Pepln, and the remainder  of Pool 4
  comprising the area  above and below Lake  Pepin.   In several
  instances data from  Pool 5 are Included for further
  comparison.


                              FISH
              Fish management in the area of the river con-
  sidered,  other than  for survey work,  has  been  limited to
  supervision of commercial fisheries,  diversion of flow into
  a  backwater area In  Pool 3 to prevent  oxygen deptetlon in
  winter,  and  transfer of catohable  size catfish in most
  winters  from Spring  Lake,  a part  of Pool  2, to the  river*
  above  Minneapolis where  greater utilization is expected.
              Fish kills  have been  reported  more frequently
  in Pool 2  than farther  downstream  in  Pools 3 and  4.   in
Pool 2 fish kills  have oeen  associated  with  lack of or low
  level* of dissolved  oxygen that are probably attributable
  tso pollution.  Fish  kills  probably due to  pollution  have
  been reported from Pool  2  both in  late winter when  there
      low flow and  ice cover and  in  Bummer  In the main channel

-------
 in the lower part  of Pool  2.   Data regularly  collected by



 Minneapolis-St.  Paul Sanitary  District  personnel^/



I/Mississippi river analytical  data tables, Minneapolls-St.



 Paul Sanitary District^ Compiled  annually.),  and  other



 data gathered by the State Department of Health?/  (2/ Report



 on investigation of the Mississippi River from the mouth  of



 the Rum River to the mouth of  the  St. Crolx River.



 Minnesota Department of Health,  Section of Water Pollution



 Control, July and  August,  1960 and August and  September,



 1961.  41 pages  plus tables and  figures.) indicate the



 occurrence at times of  oxygen  levels too low  for fish life



 in parts of Pool 2 below St. Paul.



             Fisheries survey work  on the Mississippi ftiver



 has included electrofishlng, test  netting, creel census,



 and fisherman counts.  Commercial  fishing records  provide



 additional data.







 Pish populations







             Common fish species  known to be present  in the



 several pools, both above  and  below St.  Anthony Falls, are



 listed  in Table  1  which is appended.  This is not  a  complete



 species list but shows  that common warm-water game fishes



 such as walleyes,  sauger,  northern pike, smallmouth  bass



 and blueglll are present in those  stretches of the river.

-------
                                                        1153
            Both game  fish and  rough  fish occur  In the
 section  of the Mississippi River  Including Pool  1 and above
 it as  far as  the Rum River.  As to game fish, an electro-
 fishing  survey in  7.5  miles of  the Mississippi River below
 the Rum  River In I960  revealed  at least moderate-sized
 populations of bluegills and smallmouth bass.  In this area
 and downstream Into Pool 1 fishermen  report satisfactory
 fishing  for walleyes and smallroouth bass.
            Pish population data  were obtained in Pools
 2, 3,  4, 4A and 5  In 1956 by test netting with gillnet* and
 trapnets.  Mean catches of these nets are shown  In Table 2
 which  is appended.  It will be  noted that both gillnet and
 trapnet catches of game fishes  were lower In Spring Lake
 (part  of Pool 2) than  in the pools below (Pools  3» 4* **A and
 5).  This relationship holds for both numbers and pounds of
 game fish taken.  Poundage of rough fish taken per trapnet
 set was also  lower in Spring Lake than In the other pools.
 In general at that time, it appeared the rough fish were
 fairly abundant In Spring Lake  but those taken were smaller
 than rough fish from the other  pools.  The apparent smaller
 size might be attributed to removal of larger rough fish
by commercial fishing on Spring Lake.
            Comparative fish population data were obtained In
Pools 3* * and 5 In 1957 and 1963 by test netting with trap-
nets.  The average numbers and  pounds per set of all species

-------
game and rough fish, from each pool in the two years were:



                         Nutnber per set   founds per aet
Pool
3
4
5
mL
90
152
49
.7
.3
.0
1963
3R
43
30
.0
.6
.1
1957
82
121
36
.0
.0
.2
1963
52
51
34
.3
.3
.6
It appears that fish were less abundant in Pools 3 arsd 4 in



1963 and about the same or slightly less abundant in Pool 5



in 1963.  The differences between the catches in the two



years is influenced considerably by greater abundance of carp



in the 1957 catches, but it appears from the catch data that



there has been some general decline in the size of the fish



populations In Pools 3 and 4.



           A breakdown of the above comparative fish popula-



tion data from Pool 3 by areas within the Pool shows the



decrease in average numbers and pounds of fish of all species



per trapnet set in 1963 was most pronounced in tailwaters of



the Hastings Dam and in North Lake and Sturgeon Lake through  j



which there Is a flow of the river.  Least Indication of



change was found In Dushane Lake, a backwater area little



influenced by river flow.  The catch values for different



areas In Pool 3 were:

-------
                                                        1155


Pool 3 Areas         Number per set         Pounds per set



                     1957      3L563.         1957      1963



Tailwaters of



  Hastings Dam       155.7     50.2        155.5      60. P



North Lake            55-2     28.8         70.2      44.9



Sturgeon Lake         91.3     33.6         46.7      49.6



Dushane Lake          54.2     40.8         42.7      55.6






Commercla1 fishing



           Commercial fishing la carried on in Pools 2, 3> 4, ]



4A and 5 by fishermen licensed by Minnesota or Wisconsin.      '



Flahlng Is done with glllnets, seines and set lines.  The



principal species taken are carp, buffalofish, drum (sheeps-
                                                              j
                                                              i

head) and channel catfish.  Usually about two-thirds of the   '

                                                              i

weight of the commercial catch is of carp.                    i
                                                              (

           The commercial catch for the years 1958-1962 Is    i
                                                              I


shown for Pools 2, 3* 4, 4A and 5 in Table 3 which Is         ;

                                                              i

appended.  Average yearly catch from these pools has been     j



about 2.5 million pounds.  Value of the catch in 1962 was



approximately $97,500 of which about $25,900 went to



Minnesota fishermen and about $71,600 went to Wisconsin



fishermen.



           It will be noted from Table 3 that greatest



Intensity of commercial take was in Pools 4 and 4A where,



respectively, an average of 32.6 and 58.2 pounds of rough

-------
                                                       1156
fish  per acre per year were taken during the 1958-1962 period
However, the catch In Pool 2 averaged 28.0 pounds per acre pej?
year  for the four years 1959-1962.  The commercial catch from
Pool  2 (oaught almost entirely in Spring Lake) indicates the
presence of a commercially harvestable rough fish population
in this part of the river.  However, fish taken from Pool 2
are frequently off-flavor and such off-flavor lowers the
selling price and limits sales.  Usually the fish taken in
Pool  2 are sold to buyers who can hold them In ponds until
the off-flavor disappears.


Sport fishing


           There Is aport fishing throughout the stretch of
Mississippi River under consideration but it is heaviest in
Pools 3 and 4.  Above Minneapolis there is considerable
angling from the mouth of the Rum River downstream into
Pool 2.  Pishing is most concentrated at a few places such
as near the Coon Rapids Dam, the Highway 100 Bridge and the
Pord Dam.  No quantitative estimate of fishing pressure in
or above Pool 2 has been made.  Spring Lake in Pool 2 has
•ome angler use,  probably more than the main part of Pool 2.
However,  on aerial censuses of fishermen on the River in
recent years fishermen were rarely seen on Pool 2.  This
light fishing pressure is confirmed by the local State Game

-------
                                                         1157

 Warden.   Off-flavor in game  flah  taken from  Pool 2 has been

 reported  by sport  fishermen.   In  1956 fishing  succeed for

 walleyes,  northern pike and  catfish  in Spring  Lake of Pool 2

 was  reported  to  be low and to  have declined  during the pre-

 ceding 15 years.

            Counts  of fishermen on Pools  of the Mississippi

 River were made  from the air and  from the ground during the

 fishing year,  April 1,  1962  to March 31, 1963.  Estimates

 of the total  number of man-hours  of  fishing  per acre per year

 in Pools  3, 4, and 5 of the  Mississippi  River  are compared    !

 below with similar data from five south-central Minnesota

 lakesi


                                         Total angling hours
       Water             Pishing year    per acre per year

       Pool 3              62-63                 1.8

       Pool 4              62-63                10.9

       Pool 5              62-63                12.5

       Inland lakes        57-58                47.4


           A survey of  the economic  value of the sport

fishery on the Mississippi River, which was  conducted in

1957-2/ (2/ The economic value of the Minnesota sport fishery

on the Mississippi River, Section of Research and Planning,

Minnesota Division  of Game and Pish, 1957.), Indicated the

average yearly expenditure per person for fishing on the

-------
                                                         1158
Mississippi River was about $50.  Baaed on the estimated
numbers of fishermen using Pools 3> 4 and 5 in the fishing
year, April 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963, the sport fishermen
expenditures related to these pools were*
                Pool
                  3
                  4
                  5
Expenditure per year
      $  42,200
      $ 549,200
      $ 162,150
                                         $ 753,550
           Creel censuses on Pools 3* 4 and 5 during the
summers of 1956 and 1962 indicate fairly good sport fishing
success.  The figures for average number of fish caught per
hour of fishing are compared below with similar data from
14 Minnesota Lakes:
           Water
           Pool 3
           Pool 4
           Pool 5
           Inland lakes
 1956
 0.36
 0.37
 0.38
 0.71
1962
  «•
0.84
0.94
The higher catch rate in 1962 reflects mostly larger catches
cf sunfish made in that year.

-------
                                                       1159

                           GAME
           Game management activities along the Mississippi   !
                                                              !
                                                              i

River are principally development and maintenance of wildlife j
                                                              i
                                                              i

management and public hunting grounds and acquisition and     |



development of public accesses for the benefit of fishermen


and boaters as well as hunters.



           At the present time there are seven public accesses;


recognized by the Division of Game and Fish for the part of   i
                                                              i


the river being considered.  Of these the Division of Game    I

                                                              i

and Pish owns three as Indicated below?                       ;




Mississippi River          At Champlin     (Champlin Village) j



Mississippi River  Pool 2  St. Paul        (Ramsey County)    j
                                                              i

Vermllllon River   Pool 3  Near Hastings   (Game and Fish)    i



North Lake         Pool 3  Near Etter      (Game and Fish)    j


Sturgeon Lake      Pool 3  Near Eggleston  (Game and Fish)    I
                                                              i
                                                              ',

Lake Pepln         Pool 4  Near Frontenac  (Minnesota Highway j

                                              Department)     •
                                                              i

Lake Pepln         Pool 4  Near Lake City  (Minnesota Highway

                                              Department)




It is expected that more accesses will be acquired and



developed In the future.



           At the present time two Wildlife Management and



Public Hunting Areas located on bottom lands of Pool 3 are



influenced by the river.  These areas are the Gores-Pool 3

-------
                                                        1160

Wilt containing 5*^30 acres In Dakota and Ooodhue Counties


and the Wood Duck Unit, now being acquired, to contain 463


acres in Dakota County.


           Management of theae areas will be intensified in


the future and it is expected that hunter use will increase.





Waterfowl





           Migrating waterfowl use the Mississippi River and  !


its backwaters, particularly below the Twin Cities.  There


also is some waterfowl nesting along the Mississippi River


between the Rum River and the Chlppewa River below Lake Pepln.


Data obtained by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Indicate j
                                                              !
                                                              i

the largest number of birds using the river In the area below


Pool 5 to the Iowa line on any one day during the spring


ranged from 119,801 to 296,870 birds In the years 1959 through


1963.  While these data were collected from the area down-


stream from Lake Pepln, It seems reasonable that they may be


projected to indicate potential waterfowl use of Pools 4, 3


and 2 upstream.  A decline in waterfowl use of Pool 2 during


the past several years is reported by the local State Game


Warden.  Waterfowl hunter use of parts of Pools 2, 3 and 4


la considered moderate to heavy.


           Ducks killed or affected by oil in Pools 2, 3 and


4 in the spring of 1963 give further indication of waterfowl

-------
                                                       1X61
use.  In this Instance, It was calculated that 4,800 birds
were killed by oil (a«e report on Waterfowl Mortality Caused
by Oil Pollution of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers in
1963 which is appended).  Following losa due to oil between
March 28 and about April 2, 1963, an estimated 10,000 water-
fowl were observed between St. Paul and Red Wing on April 9
and an estimated 20,000 were observed between Red Wing and
the lower end of Lake Pepin on April 11.


Furbearers
           Muskrats, beaver and mink are common along the     I
Mississippi River and in backwater areas.  A considerable     j
                                                              i
amount of trapping is done along the entire stretch of river  |
                                                              i
under consideration, but no accurate statistics of the
trapping pressure are available.


                        TRIBUTARIES


St. Croix River


           Sport and commercial fishing is carried out on the
St. Croix River between Taylors Falls and the mouth, a
distance of approximately 45 mllea.  For the years 1958
through 1962 a yearly average of 369,225 pounds of rough fish

-------
                                                       1162
 (including catfish) were taken by commercial fishermen.  The

 value of the commercial catch from the St. Crolx River in

 1962 was approximately $17,600.  There is no quantitative

 information on the use of the St. Croix River by sport fisher-

 men but letters, telephone reports, press releases and

 observations by Division of Game and Fish field personnel

 provide evidence of considerable sport fishing.  Of 348 boats

 counted from the air on about 20 miles of river between

 Prescott and Stillwater on Memorial Day, 1963* 18 appeared

 to be engaged in fishing.  Off-flavor in walleyes caught

 downstream from Hudson, Wisconsin has been reported by sport

 fishermen.  Common species of fish in the St. Crolx River

 are shown in Table 4 which is appended.

           There are no Division of Game and Fish wildlife

 management or public hunting areas along the St. Crolx River

 below Taylors Palls.  One public access owned by the Minnesota

 Highway Department is located at Stillwater.  Some waterfowl

 use the river during migration and some ducks, principally

wood ducks, neet along the river.  Waterfowl hunters use the

 river upstream from Stillwater.  Trapping is done for beaver

and mink and a limited amount for muskrat along the St. Croix

River.


Minnesota River

-------
                                                       1163

           The Minnesota River from the mouth of the river to


Henderson, approximately 69 miles upstream, contains some


game fish.  Sport fishing, primarily for catfish and walleyes,


is done at a few places such an the falls and rapids near


Carver.  No commercial fishing Is carried out in this part


of the Minnesota River.                                       I

                                                              i
           Information on fish in the Minnesota River was     i
                                                              t

obtained in a survey conducted in 1950-%  (-/Survey of the    •
                                                              i

Minnesota River.  Section of Research and Planning, Minnesota j


Division of Game and Pish, March, I960.)  The common species  j
                                                              i

of fish recorded between the mouth of the river and rtenderson
are shoxm on Tablf lj> which is appended.  The data on abundance!
                                                               i

of fish are insufficient to allow comparison with other fishingj


waters but are Indicative of a relatively low population.      j
                                                               j
Game fish made up a snail part of the total sample (6.9 per    i


cent between the mouth and Shakopee, and 16.9 percent between  j

                                                               !
Shakopeo and Henderson).                                       !

                                                               !
           The Minnesota River between the mouth and Henderson


is lightly fished compared to other fishing waters in


Minnesota.  A few fishermen contacted near Shakopee In 1958,


indicated general satisfaction with fishing success at that


time.  In 19^3 the local State Game Warden observed some


reduction In fishing between Shakopee and Henderson which was


attributed locally to a reaction to oil pollution in the


spring of 1963.  In some winters game fish are rescued by

-------
                                                         1X64
seining by state crews from backwater lakes In the Mendota

area when dissolved oxygen levels drop.

           There are no Division of Game and Fish wildlife

management or public hunting areas along the Minnesota River

below Henderson.  One public access is presently being

acquired near State Highway 65 in Bloomlngton.  Waterfowl use

the Minnesota River and flood-plain lakes during migration,
                                                              i
although to a lesser extent than they do the Mississippi Riverj

and its backwaters downstream.  Some ducks nest along the     j

Minnesota River.  Waterfowl hunter use of flood-plain lakes

below Shakopee is quite extensive and several areas are

controlled by hunting clubs.  Most flood-plain lakes are not  i

affected by the river except at times of unusually high flow. !
                                                              t
Muskrats are common along the Minnesota River and other fur-  j

bearers are present.  Trapping is done between Henderson and  I

the mouth of the river.



                        Future Uses



           The Mississippi River between the Rum River and

the St. Croix River is at present little used by fishermen

compared to the Navigation Pools downstream.  In general the

Mississippi River is fished less intensively than many other

fishing waters in the state at the present time.  It is

probable, however, that the Mississippi River both between

-------
                                                       1165

 the  Rum River and the St. Crolx River and In the pools


 downstream will be used more by fishermen In the future and


 values related to fishing will Increase If stream conditions


 are  suitable for fish life.


           Present water quality standards adopted for the


 Mississippi River between the Rum River and Lock and Dam No. 2


 promise to prevent further deterioration and may result in


 some improvement of conditions for fish in the river above
                                                              i

 Lock and Dam No, 2, particularly if flow patterns remain about


 the  same.  However, present and foreseeable conditions under


 the  existing standards do not insure a sustained population


 of rough fish or game fish of good quality in all parts of    j
                                                              i
                                                              i
 Pool  2 and do not justify significant fisheries or game managej-
                                                              i
                                                              i
 ment  work on the Mississippi River between St. Paul and Lock  j


 and Dam No. 2.  To properly manage for fish, dissolved oxygen


 content should not be less than 5 ppm (parts per million) for


 more  than 8 hours in any 24 hour period, and at no time less
           5/
than 3 ppm.    (*" Aquatic life water quality criteria, first


progress report.  Aquatic Life Advisory Committee of the Ohio


River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, Sewage and Industri-


al Wastes, Vol. 27, No. 3, May, 1955.)


           The St. Crolx River below Taylors Palls and the


Minnesota River below Henderson probably will also be used


more In the future by fishermen and will Increase In values


related to fishing if stream conditions are suitable for fish.

-------
                                                       1166
In the lightly fished Minnesota River, both pollution abate-
ment and other Improvement of the stream la desirable.
           It is probable that game management activities
will be expanded and be intensified along the sections of the j
Mississippi River, Minnesota River and St. Crolx River under
consideration.  It is probable also, that waterfowl hunter
use of portions of these areas will be heavier in the future
and that trapping of furbearers will continue.
                            Bernard R, Jones, Supervisor
                            Biological Services Unit
                            Section of Research and Planning
Approved
John B. Moyle, Supervisor
Section of Research and Planning

-------
                                      -1 ,-                '                1X67

                             STATE OF MIMESOTA

                         Department of Conservation
                          Division  of  Game and Fish


Table 1.- Conuion species of fieh in the Mississippi River between the Rum
          River and Chippewa River I/
Rum
Species to

Game Species
Walleye
Sauger
Northern pike
Black crappie
White crappie
Largemouth bass
Smallmouth bass
Rock bass
White bass
Bluegill
Channel catfish
Shovelnose sturgeon
Fathead catfish
Green sunfish
Pumpkins eed sunfiea


Rough fish
Carp
Sheepshead
Brown bullhead
Bigmouth buffalo
Northern carpsucke^.
Northern redhorse
Loagnose gar
Shortnose gar
Bowfin
Mooneye
Gizzard shad
Common sucker
Spotted sucker
Yellow bullhead
Black bullhead
Golden shiner
Yellow perch
River sucker
River
Camden


P

P
P


P
P

P




P



)f


I

P





P

P
P



Upper p ..
St. Anthony
Pool 1
P « Present







a
o
•H

(4
o

-------
                                     -J4-
                                                       1168
                             STATE OF MIVKKSOTA

                         Department of Conservation
                         Division  of 4**« aad  Fi»k
     Table 2.- Mean numbers and weight* of fiah per set lift in the upper
               navigation pools of the Mississippi Diver in 1956
Waters
    (Same Fish per set
 Number           Pounds
Qill  Trap     Gill  Trap
 net   net      net   net
                                                        Rough Fish per
                          Number
                         Gill
                          net
                                                           Trap
                                                            net
                                                   Pounds
                                               Gill  Trap
                                                net   net
Rum River to Camden

Upper St. Anthony Pool

Pool 1
                      Mo comparable data

                      Ne comparable data

                      No comparable data
Pool 2
(Spring Lake)

Pool 3

Pool 4
(includes part of
 Lake Pepin)*

Pool 4A
(includes part of
 1.7

 4.0
1.3

8.6
31.7  19.3
                1.9   0.5

                4.1   7.6



               19.9  1^.8
21.0    ^f.3

 6.2   21.7


12.6    3.0
9.1   ^.1

5.8  5^.8



8.7   9.3
Lake Pepin)*
Pool 5
26.
2.
8
7
14.8
3.5
13.8
2.6
9
5
.0
.1
7
2
.2
.8
10.3
5.3
9.5
5.4
36.0
20.6
* In 1956 only,  la subsequent years Pool 4A designated Lake Pepin and
  Pool 4 the areas above and below Lake Pepin la Navigation Pool  4.

-------
                                -15-


                         STATE OF MIMHESOTA
                     Department of Conservation
                     Division  of  Game  and  Fish
Table 3«- Commercial fish catch in the upper navigation pools of the
          Mississippi River by licensed fishermen, Minnesota and
          Wisconsin combined
Pool No.
Year Acres *
1962
1961
I960
1959
1958
Mean
Average pounds
per acre per year
2
(11,811)
331,587
344,345
326,524
322,025
none
331,618**
28.0
3
(17,950)
46,035
104,180
118,812
21,160
16,763
65,710
3.4
4
(13,820)
467,628
358,508
450,617
419,165
554,923
4>O , IbO
32.6
4A
(25,000)
1,402,451
1,378,206
1,178,273
1,553*024
1,763,898
l,4^,iyo
58.2
5
(12,580)
178,004
218,768
163,349
121,4-39
95,410
i»,39b
12. -L
*  Corp»of Engineers data.
** 4-y«ar average, no fishing done in Pool 2 in 1958.

-------
                                                       1170
                  STATE OP MINNESOTA


              Department of Conservation
               Division of Game and Plah


Table 4.- Common species of fish in the St.  Crolx River below
          Taylors Palls  I/


     Game Fish                     Rough Fish

Lake Sturgeon                  Gar (short nose and long noae)
Northern pike                  Gizzard shad
Channel catfish                Mooneys
Flathead catfish               Carp
Rock bass                      Qulllback
White bass                     Blue sucker
Smallraouth bass                Bigtnouth buffalo
Black crappie                  Northern redhorse
Sauger                         Sheepshead
Walleye


I/   This list indicates those species known to be present
through fisheries surveys and fisherman reports.  It is not
a complete list of species.

-------
                                                       1171
                       STATE OP MINNESOTA

                   Department of Conservation
                   Division of Game and Pish

Table 3.-  Common speclea of fish In the Minnesota River
           between the mouth of the river and Henderson I/
                                    Rough Flan

                               Carp
                               Gizzard shad
                               Sheepshead
                               Northern redhorse
                               Carp sucker
                               Bigmouth buffalofish
                               Qulllback
                               Shortnose gar
                               Silver redhorse
                               Common sucker
                               Dogfiah
                               Hog sucker
                               Smallmouth buffaloflsh

I/  This list Indicates those species known to be present
    through fisheries surveys and fisherman reports.   It is
    not a complete list of species.
     Game Pish

Sauger
White bass
Northern pike
White crapple
Plathead catfish
Black crappie
Walleye
Largemouth bass
Channel catfish
Smallmouth basa
                         * » *

-------
                                                        1172



           MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OP CONSERVATION



                DIVISION OP GAME AND PISH








        Waterfowl Mortality Caused by Oil Pollution



      of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers In 1963







                        INTRODUCTION







           Following breakup of Ice on the Minnesota and



Mississippi Rivera In late March and early April, 1963, many



waterfowl, especially ducks, were killed by oil on the surface



of the water.  Other birds were harmed when their feathers



became coated with varying amounts of oil.  Waterfowl losses



I occurred on approximately 60 miles of the Mississippi River
i
j

ifrotn the mouth of the Minnesota River downstream to Lake Pepin



The major loss, however, occurred in three areas:  (1) Spring



Lake in Navigation Pool No. 2 above Hastings, Minnesota,



(2) North and Sturgeon Lakes in Navigation Pool No. 3 below



Hastings and (3) the headwaters of Lake Pepln including Mud



Lake on the Wisconsin side of the main channel.



           The oil responsible for the waterfowl and other



wildlife damage and mortality carae from two sources*  (l)



the Honeymead Products Company Plant at Mankato, Minnesota



from which it was estimated 1-1 1/2 million gallons of soy-



     oil escaped to the Blue Earth River on January 23* 1963*

-------
                                                         1X73

 and (2)       the Richards  Oil  Company at  Savage,  Minnesota


 where an estimated one million gallons of petroleum oil  de-


 scribed  as  a  "low viscosity cutting oil"  escaped  to the


 Minnesota River and adjacent marshland sometime In December,


 1962. I/ ( i/  Estimates  of quantities of oil are from  the


 Section  of  Water Pollution Control,  Minnesota, Department of


 Health.)


            The purpose of  this report is  to summarize prin-


 cipal activities of the Division of Game  and Fiah,  Minnesota


 Department  of Conservation and to set forth the character and


 extent of waterfowl and other  wildlife losses attributed to


 oil pollution of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in


iMarch and April,  1963.





                 MOVEMENT AND APPEARANCE OP THE OIL
           The petroleum oil escaped to the Minnesota River


 near Savage from a marsh which was flooded with oil when


 storage facilities failed at the Richards Oil Company.  Oil


 from this source was noted at the Black Dog Plant of the


 Northern States Power Company 4 to 5 miles below Savage on


 December 23, 1963.  Some oil from this source probably flowed
 i

 bo the river at times during January and February, 1963, and


 i substantial amount evidently entered the river during the


 >erlod of spring runoff.  A large quantity of oil, apparently

-------
                                                        1174

petroleum oil, was evident on the Minnesota River In early


and mid-March but It should be noted that later the petroleum


oil could not be distinguished by field observation from light


slicks of soybean oil.  Analyses of seven oil samples from the


Mississippi River on several dates by the Minnesota Department


of Health showed petroleum oil present In only one Instance


after March 25 suggesting that by this date much of petroleum


oil had moved downstream ahead of the soybean oil or had
                                                              I

otherwise dissipated.  (Appendix A)                           j


           Soybean oil reached the Minnesota River via a shortj


stretch of the Blue Earth River when storage facilities of the'


Honeytnead Products Company plant failed In January 1963 during


a period of very cold weather.  The soybean oil apparently


moved very little until breakup of ice In the Minnesota River


in late March, but then it flowed rapidly downstream.  This


oil is of a very heavy consistency at temperatures below


freezing.  At the time of aerial observation of oil and census


of waterfowl on March 26, heavy orange-red slicks of soybean


oil were seen in the main channel at Lock and Dam No. 2, on


the Mississippi River at Hastings.


           Oil entered Spring Lake in Pool No. 2, the area


of heaviest waterfowl damage, when the Ice went out on March


28 and moved downstream Into the upper end of Lake Pepln


when Ice went out on this lake, about April 2.  Personnel of


the Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, reported the largest

-------
                                                          1175

amount of oil went through Look and Dam No. 3 about 12 mllea

above Lake  Pepin on April 2.  Members of a tow barge crew

reported oil on Lake Pepin in the vicinity of Maiden Hook on

April 3 and localized accumulations of oil were eeen at this

time and later by Division of Game and Pish personnel on the

bottom and  along shore in the vicinity of Bay City and

Prontenac.  Traces of oil were seen by Game and Pish personnel

at Lake City approximately midway on Lake Pepin but apparently
                                                              t
no significarib amount of oil reached the outlet of Lake Pepin. j
                                                              |
           The character of soybean oil on and in the water   j
                                                              i
changed with time.  The thick orange-colored slicks which were

first observed changed to pliable greyish and somewhat rubbery

floating masses.  These masses were stringy, rope-like or

somewhat rounded.  In a few places a sticky layer of similar

color was deposited on the bottom.  As oil moved downstream

from the sources it lodged in small shoreline indentations,

accumulated on beaches, and coated debris and shoreline

vegetation.  Soybean oil was most evident, since it left a

varnish-like crust on beaches, debris and vegetation.  Only

limited areas of bottom were apparently covered with soybean

oil, most notably in Lake Pepin in the vicinity of Bay City

and Prontenac.  Light oil slicks were observed to form around


some of the floating consolidated oil masses apparently when

the outer shell or membrane of the masa was ruptured.  Light

iridescent  slicks of sufficient size to cause concern for

-------
                                                         1176

waterfowl were at111 present on backwater lakes of the river

near Lock and Dam No. 3 on April 11, but no significant water-

fowl damage was observed after about April 2.  The peak of

waterfowl damage in the areas of major loss occurred within

a day or two after Ice went out.



                   WATERFOWL RESCUE OPERATION



           Movement of soybean oil down the Minnesota River

and Into the Mississippi River was reported by State Game

Wardens the forenoon of March 26.  Aerial survey on March 26

by a Division Biologist and Game Manager team and by Game     j
                                                              j
Wardens revealed approximately 3,000 ducks on the Mississippi j

River between St. Paul and the head of Lake Pepln but no

significant number of ducks on the Minnesota River.  None

of the ducks seen on this date appeared to be affected by

oil.  Observation by boat on March 27 revealed no waterfowl

affected by oil in the main channel and ice-free backwaters

in Pool No. 2.  Spring Lake, the principal water area In

Pool No. 2, was ice covered on March 27.  On March 28 the

Ice went out of Spring Lake and in Spring Lake on this date

the first report of oll-aoaked ducks was Investigated and

confirmed by a Division Waterfowl Biologist who found 4 live

and 9 dead ducks.  On March 30, 150 live and 24 dead oil-

soaked ducks were collected on Spring Lake and on North Lake

-------
                                                       1177
 a few miles  below  Hastings.  On the following day, 518 live

 birds were rescued In these areas.  Intensive rescue opera-

 tions were Initiated  on  April  1 and continued through April 5

 when only a  few affected live  ducks were still being found.

 A few 2-man  crews  were kept In the area to April 12 and

 thereafter to  April 30 the affected areas were watched by

 Division personnel stationed In the area.

           Information on the  scope of the rescue operations

 was  obtained from  a questionnaire sent to all known partici-

 pants (Appendix B).   In  terms  of man-power the rescue opera-

 tion involved  B8 State Game and Pish employees, 15 U. S. Flah

 and  Wildlife Service  employees and 6 other persons who worked i
                                                              (
 an aggregate 43$ man  days.  Equipment use totalled 47 flights i
                                                              j
 of aircraft, 220 use-days for boats and motors and 37 use-dayaj
                                                              !
 for  trucks.  Estimated cost to the Division of Game and Pish  I
                                                              i
                                                              t
 was  approximately  $19,000.  Rescue work In addition to the

 above waa carried  out by the Minnesota National Guard and

 private Individuals not  reached by the questionnaire.

           Most of the live oil-soaked ducks were cleaned at

Carlos Avery Game Farm of the Division of Game and Flah but

many were also cleaned at the Como Park Zoo in St. Paul and

at the private residence of George Serbesku at Spring Lake.

Cleaning agents and procedures used included several house-

hold detergents;  the product Amway,  manufactured by the Amway

Company; and Triton X-100, a Rohm  and Haas Company product.

-------
                                                      1178
The latter was worked Into the feathers by hand, followed by
washing the bird after 2 to 3 ffllnutes with a solution con-
taining 1 tablespoon trisodium phosphate and 1 tablespoon of
Calgon per gallon of water.  The bird was then rinsed In olea
water.  None of the materials or procedures tried resulted
In eaay efficient removal of oil.  On many of the birds the
oil had set to a paint-like consistency.  Many of the birds
were given an eyedropper of glucose (corn syrup) after rescue
to offset shock.
           Pour hundred and sixty-six or 3^ percent of the
washed ducks were alive in pens on July 1 and of this number
approximately 350 flew free before October 1 after moulting
in July and August.  The remaining birds flew free prior to
freeze-up on about November 30.  Detailed information on care
given and factors related to survival of rescued ducks can be
obtained from the Game Research Unit, Section of Research and
Planning, Division of Game and Pish.
           The effectiveness of several recommended eoulsl*
flers and dlspersants and of diatomaceous earth for removal
of oil from the water surface was investigated.  Before using
emulsifiers or dispersants, however, it was necessary to
determine their toxlclty to fish, especially since most were
proprietary products whose exact chemical composition was
unknown.
           The four products which appeared most promising

-------
                                                         1179
 and on which preliminary bloassays  to determine  toxicity to

 fish were run are listed below together with the toxicity

 data obtained:
 Products


 Wyandotte ULC

 (Wyandottc

 Chemical Co.)


 Pranks  Formula

 (T.  J.  Prank  Co.,

 Mpls.)


 Triton  X-100

 (Rhom  -Haas Co.)


 Gamlin  Spill

 Remover
                                    Time |
Test Solution           Tim
Pull strength,         75/ ppm  "?.k hours \
                                         !
23 percent active                        !
                                         \
ingredient                               j
                                         t

1 ounce per gallon    100/ ppm  24 hours j
25 percent solution   100/ ppm  2*1 hours !
25 percent solution    [SO/ ppm  17 hours
           The Tim (median tolerance limit) is the concentra~

tion at which 50 percent of the teat figh were killed in the

time indicated.

           Field trials on oil slicks were made with Wyandotte

ULC and Franks Formula.  Because of immediate availability,

Franks Formula was chosen for initial use at rates of 30 and

60 pounds per acre on light and heavy slicks, respectively.

-------
                                                       1180
Wyandotte ULC appeared equally safe and effective at an
initial application rate of approximately 20 gallons per acre.
           The use of dlatomaceous earth, suggested by repre-
sentatives of the U. S. Public Health Service, was also
explored.  Laboratory work by the Minnesota Department of
Health Indicated about one pound of dlatomaceous earth would
be needed to remove four pounds of pure soybean oil
(Appendix A).  Limited field trials indicated several appli-
cations at a rate of possibly 200 to 300 pounds per acre
might be required to remove a moderately heavy oil slick.
           The limited experiences with emulsifiers, dls-
persants and diatomaceoua earth as described above suggested
their use would be most practical in relatively small areas
of perhaps 100 acres or less.  Also, possible adjustment of
the suggested initial application rates should be considered
in the course of practical use.
           Related to duck rescue, also, were the efforts of
the Minnesota National Guard to mechanically remove oil and
divert oil from backwater areas where waterfowl were most
likely to concentrate.

                EVALUATION OP WATERFOWL LOSSES

           The number of live oil-soaked ducks rescued was
1,369 and the number of dead birds collected in the field and

-------
                                                        1181


 placed  In cold  storage was  1,^42.  Many dead birda were aeon


 but were not collected while live birds could still be found.


 The ratio of live ducks rescued to dead ducks seen, based on  i

                                                              i
 the questionnaire completed by Individuals  in the field on    i
                                                              i
                                                              i

 the rescue  operation was 1:2.96 (Appendix B).  If this ratio  j


 is used, recognising there  in duplication of counts in both   j



 categortef5  since undoubtedly some hirds were seen pnd reported!
                                                              i

 by tnorp than one person, th<- estimated number of dead ducks   i

                                                              i

 on the  river including tl>^  dead dunks collected is calculated !
                                                              i


 at approximately ;!-,nOO.  Including the live birds affected


 but rescued it would appear that a total of approximately


 5,300 birds wer*= affected or killed by oil.  However, sinc^


 ducks heavily covered with oil tended, to crawl into dense


 cover where they were hard to find and some ducks exposed to


 oil may have flown several milon before being overcome, the


 total number of duoks lost is probably substantially greater


 than the calculated loss of about 4,POO (r>,300 minus 466


 survivors).


           Composition of the duck kill was determined by



 examination of 2,7^5 dead birds which had been placed in cold


 storage and which were later examined by Waterfowl Biologists.



These were the birds collected dead and those which died



after rescue.   The numbers of birds by species found in this



examination are summarized on the following page (see also



Appendix C).

-------
                                                        1182

     Species                                Number




     Lesser scaup  duck                       1,800


     Rinpneckrd  duck                           U^7


     Coots and grebes                          268


     Golunvyr duck                             70


     '•fe-^.» ,:uck                                  35
     :3ur*'l' h'vul duck                            2
       ^ile clucks ,  other  than  vjood  ducks
                                   Total      ,.,,-,               ,
                                                               i
                     fov:!  lost  ropresents  a  real monetary


value.  Based on dnt-  -ornpllr>o,  by  the  U.S. Pish and Wildlife


Service for- 19^0, the  national  nve^aj'e expenditure per duck


In the vnterfov:! hunter's  bag for  that year  was $12.00.^


( 2/  Data obtained from the I960  National Survey of Fishing


and Hunting and the Waterfowl Status Report,  1961.) In 1962


the State of Illinois  placed a  value of $5.00 per bird on


ducks killed by water  pollution.^ ( **  Personal communication


May 6, 1963 from William J. Harth,  Superintendent, Division of


Fisheries, Illinois Department  of  Conservation.)  It la felt


that a value of not less than $5.00 per bird  should be placed


on the waterfowl killed on the  Mississippi River in Minnesota

-------
                                                          1183 j
in 1963.  This  value  is  considered to bo the basic intrinsic :
                                                              i
worth of  the bird  and  unrelated to costs of rescue and main- j
                                                              i
tenanoe of the  birds afterwards.                              i
                                                              i


                    OTHER WILDLIFE LOSSES


           l-'.-jmrnnls and other1 nriimals w-^i"~ reported ac seen   :

 !<"p.~ ( Mpe>-.'.. !:•;  ?)  In t!:-:  ^oll evlnp; numbers:  26 beaver, 1'"'7
                                                              i
nuakr«ts  rjnn about r<0  "other;"'1  (includes i°ow, dor;, gulls,    :

herons, kingfinher, plgoono, pi", skunk, squirrel, turtles,  j
                                                              i
blackbirds ynd  songbirds).   It  seemn likely that many of the ;

^nimaln 1o t i?s '"other"  f^tcco2'iy died from o''iu3^s unrclntoci  •

to o±l nnd the  counts  of beaver and nuskrat arr.- probnbly     j

high since many of thcne anitnnlo  v;.'-'re probably seen anc
                                                               i
reported  by more than  one person,                             j
                                                               i
                                                               i
                                                               i
           Fi.ib were apparently directly effected very little I
                                                               i
by the oil spills.  Of approximately 7,000 dead fiah reported ;

seen, 2^7 were  listed  as  recently dead and most of these were •

carp.  Winterkill  is common  3n  shallow backwater areas of the

river and it was the opinion of persona on rescue work ex-

perienced with  fish kills that  the dead fish seen most probabl

died from causes other than  oil pollution.

           Bottom  fauna  of value  as fish food may have been

temporarily effected to  some extent in localined areas but it

is doubtful that any significant  or permanent loss occurred.

-------
                                                        1184
                                                             I
This conclusion la substantiated by reports on sampleo col-




lected by U. S. Public Health Service Personnel-^-i/ Progress j




Report to Colonel Leon H. Hagen, Assistant Adjutant General,




Minnesota Department of Military Affairs dated April 30,  1963




from Mr. P. E. DeMartini, Chief, Technical Advisory and




Investigations Section, Technical Services Branch,  DWSPC,




U. £. Public Health Service, Cincinnati.) and by data collects




from six stations In the Red Wing-Lake Pepin area by the




Section of Research and Planning, Division of Game and Pish




after oil contamination In 1963 (Appendix D).








                    /&/  BERNARD R. JONES	
3
                         Bernard R. Jonen,  Supervisor




                         Biological Services Unit




                         Section of Research and Planning








                    /S/  ROBERT L, JESSEN	




                         Robert L. Jessen,  Research Biologist  j




                         Game Research Unit




                         Section of Research and Planning








                    /S/  MILO CASEY	




                         Milo Casey, Regional Game Manager




                         Section of Game

-------
                                                       1185
Approved:
/S/  JOHN B. MOYLB
     John B. Moylpj, Supervisor


     Section of Research and Planning
                                                              i
/S/  DAVID B. VESALL	                         j


     David B. Vesall, Supervisor


     Section of Game
     October 31,  1963
                          # * * *

-------
                                                         1166
                                                 Appendix A
               MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH

             Division of Environmental Sanitation

              Section of Engineering Laboratories



                 LABORATORY STUDIES OF OIL

           .'ECOVEREP PROM SAVAGE AiMD MANKATO  SPILLS




           Nino-toon oil samples have  boon collected and

c'iara .1;-ri^rri  In this stud;/.  The  results are summarized  In

thr attached table.

           Initially samples wore  extracted  with chloroform.

The chloroform and aqueous phases  were separated and the

cMo -o 'O:T)(! phase filtered through  nodlum porosity paper.

Part <••-•  ;if. chloroform solution was treated  with activated

carbon,  and both parts were placed on a steam bath to

evaporate the chloroform.  Im'ra-red  studies were made of

the oil  residue.

           This treatment was satisfactory for soybean oil,

but the  petroleum oil under investigation had volatile

aromatic constituents which were mostly removed during treat-

ment.  The use of irtran—2 windows makes it possible to

handle wet samples in the Infra-red apparatus and the pro-

cedure finally used in preparing samples waa simply that  of

drawing  off as dry a portion as possible after the sample

had been allowed to atand for several hours.  This procedure

-------
                                                          118?
could be  expected  to  eliminate  losses  of volatile constitu-

ents in the  laboratory,  but  the samples containing petroleum

oil were  still  low 1n aromatics.   Apparently these materials

tend to disappear  rapidly, possibly by evaporation,  from the

spilled material.

           Oil  samples were  mechanically removed from the

ducks police J-<-<'•  > :\ this  study and  analyzed directly without

treatment.
            At times,  the  o:< 1  7/vb !-•••> i  oil.   In  boiling  water,  thr oil
                                                               *
                                                               i
started to float on  the  surface,,  releasing a considerable     j
                                                               i
quantity of sand and c!lrt  ao  well an  water-soaked  tv:igs and   ;
                                                               !
leaves.  Thr t^nr"'<'n^y to s j nk apparently resulted from the     !
                                                               i
                                                               I
cntr*»prrtfMTb of this heavy nvat^riol  in  the oily mass.           j
                                                               *
           The use of a finely  divided  material such an       i
                                                               i
                                                               !
diatomacrous earth, which  would not readily  separate from

th" oil, h^cl been suggested as  n  means  of causing  the oil

to sink to the bottom and  remain  there  until decomposed.

Laboratory experiments Indicated  that for pure soybean oil

one pound of diatomaceous  earth would be required  for every

four pounds of oil.  Less  diatomaceous  earth would probably

bo ner-drd in actual use since the  oil would  already have

entrapped some fine clay,  etc.  The stability of thr mixture

-------
                                                       use
with time is still being tested.

           A BOD (5-day biochemical oxygen demand) study was

made of material collected from the beach at Wacouta,

Minnesota, in Upper Lake Pepin on <\pril 17.  The sample was

prepared for the BOD test by macerating 6.4 grams of the

solivj material v:ith 2'!', ml. (milliliters) of water in a
                                                              i
Waring blonder.  The resulting mixture was then diluted with  \
                                                              i
BOD dilution Tjater in BOD bottles, seeded with river water,   j
                              o                               '
and incubatoj for P days at 20 C.

           Dilutions v.'hloh provided useful oxygen depletion

data, 'rid the oxygen measurements obtained, were as follows:



Sample Concentration       Oxygen            mg of Oxygrn     j
                                                              I
in Laboratory Bottle      Depletion          consumed per     !

	(mg/l.)_    	  	(rng/l)	      mg of sample

        r>2                   4.3                  O.OB

        26                   2.7                  0.10

        10.4                 1.4                  0.13

         S.2                 1.0                  0.19



           The increase in thr BOD with greater dilution

appears to be attributable to the low solubility of the

material.  The results Indicate a relatively low BOD for

organic material.  It would not under conditions in the

stream or lake exert an oxygen demand as great as obtained

-------
                                                       1189
in the laboratory, since the sample waa thoroughly macerated

and mixed before the analysis.  The material normally occura

In the river in large pieces and would not expose much surface

area to bacterial activity.

           It appears that oily material typical of the

sample analyzed would not have sufficient oxygen demand to

significantly affect the oxygen resources of the river.

-------
                                                -9-
                                                                                            1190
                                                   Appendix A
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-------
-10-
                 Appendix A
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-------
                                  -11-

                  MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
                       DIVISION OF GAME AND FISH
                         390 Centennial Building
                          St. Paul 1, Minnesota
                                                                            1192
                                                      Appendix B
                                                                April 8, 1963
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO:
Departmental personnel and others who aided in the duck rescue
                                                    operation
FROM:     Gordon Wollan, Director, Minnesota Division of Game and Fish

SUBJECT:  Duck Rescue Operation


          Because of financial considerations and use of Federal Aid personnel

     on the duck rescue operation we will have to prepare shortly a report on

     all phases of the duck rescue.  The attached questionnaire has been pre-

     pared to gather the information needed.  Please fill out one of the at-

     tached sheets giving information on your part in the rescue operation.

     Date and fill in one column for each day you were on this job.  Please

     return the filled-out questionnaire to me as soon as possible.

          Indicate whether dead fish seen (if any) were fresh or had been dead

     for some time.  If you used a dog in searching for ducks, indicate under

     "Notes".  Also include under "Notes" any special observations or ideas

     that may be helpful in future emergencies of this kind.  If more space

     is needed use back of sheet.

          Since the same sheet is going out to all persons concerned, some of

     the information requested may not be applicable to you.  We do not have

     a record of all volunteers who helped on the job.  If you know of such,

     please have each one fill one of the additional attached sheets.

          Thank you for your help in this emergency.
                                                /s/ Gordon Wollan

-------
                                     -12-
                                                                            1193
Appendix B
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-------
                                                    Appendix  B



           Tabulation of Data from Questionnaires




           Returned by Persons In Duck Rescue and




        Kol^ted  Job;-., March lr> through April 25, 1963








           In  nil.  ''X questionnaires  v/ore returned.  Because




of variation •'•-.  "'lllnp out tlse forrao  nomo Judgment  Is




Involved  1.n t'ic  tabulation of the dota.   Thr totals  --  except




for number of  Of-oplo Involved, nan-Mays  worked and hours




worked --  ^"'T'  probably tu': '.if/' ™ince  the clucks reported




rcroui^ oi1 tr.f. d''>-T-' ';I.;C'-;G -an:; other  animals x^eported seen




na?. "-.nve b'^en  p^^u r-,ivj r? ported b;/ more than one Individual.




-Moo.  in  sone  C.-IDCS,  oi'tly npproxliiiato  numbers are given on




these  sheets.  Aotlvltlei of thr National Guard are  not




Included.








1.  Personnel  reporting - nui.'ibi'-'r of  persons
FOCI' -:"-:>"





Othory
                                                1'.
                              Total
                                    109

-------
                                                           1195
                                                    Appendix B
 2.   Breakdown of stat<^  personnrl reportInp;

            Game wnvdcnf!                        30

            Bioloi'iots                          19

            Flyho-r-lf-!; pernomiol                 9



                                To-hp'1           ;T,


 ".   Xlm": of  ;or'c OCA'-- -  <:vr:n-d"y3 or r>ortlor.s  thereof

            IXic^c r.">3^ur  In the field          17''

            Othrr v/ork lMo.luc.1 a^ washluf

              of duc kn,  •" 1 P 1 (i  Ruperv "I ^ 1 on«

              travel from '\ornr ":f,ottons,                         !

              off loo details,  firlci                              •
                                                                  I
              ^ nfjp^ction  for oil, use of                         i
                                                                  i
              omulfllflors,  construction of

              o! 1 barriers, n nd t \o t

              spec Ifled


                                Total         438


Most of  the work wan done  during the period April  1 through

April 6  Inclusive.

-------
                                                       1196
                                                 Appendix B
4.  Areas of work - man-dayn or portions thereof

           Sprlnp Lake and vicinity,  including

             North and Sturgeon Lakes

           Carlos A
           Other ,  including Minnesota and

             Mississippi Rivers

                                    Total
                                                     189

                                                      36


                                                     213

                                                     438
    Hourt? worked an-.l reported

           State- employees

           Federal employees

           Other
                                    Total
6.  Duoks rescued and arm
      (including coots and grebes)
           Live ducks reported rescued             2,704

           Dead ducks reported seen                8,003
           Ratio of rescued ducks to dead ducks    Ii2.96
Note - there Is undoubtedly duplication of counts In both

categories.

-------
                                                        1197
                                                  Appendix B
7.  Dead fish seen

           Total reported           about          7,000

           Reported as "frech dead"                  247

Note - personnel experienced with fish kills nearly all

       reported the fish seen were carp arid were fish that

       !-ad boon dead for some time --- probably winterkills

       in backwaters.




f;.  Reports of other dr-ad animals seen

           Beaver                                     26

           Muskrats                                  IT

           Others                   about             "0
                                                              *
                                                              i
Others include:  crow, 'log, r:;ulls, aeroris, kingfisher,        j
                                                              I
                                                              i
                 parakeets, pip;, pigeons, skunks, squirrel,   j
                                                              t
                 turtles, blackbirds, and oongbirds.          !
                                                              i
Note - Counts of these animals are very doubtful, nince many  I

                                                              i
       of these animals were probably seen more than once.

       There was,  for example, a beaver at the landing at

       Spring Lake that was seen by many persons.  There are

       always some dead animals that can be found in the

       river whether there is pollution or not, especially

       after ice break-up in spring.  Most of these animals

       were  reported for the period March 30 - April lr>,

       Inclusive.

-------
                                                         1198
                                                  Appendix B
9.  Fqulpmrnt-use dnys, Of  pnrtn  thorrof,  reportc




           Alrplano                  ^7"




           Boat nod '.a
                            Johf 13.  Mojfic'.  Supervisor




                            Section  of  Reaonrc'a f- Planning




                            Division of Game and Fish

-------
                               -16-
               MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
                   DIVISION OF GAME AND FISH
                 Section of Research and Planning
                        Game Research Unit
               1199
      Appendix C
     Summary of Dead Birds Examined and X-Rayed Following Oil
            Pollution Die-off on the Mississippi River
                             ANATINAE
                                         Amount of oil on birds
Species
Mallard
Mallard
Black Duck
Green-Winged Teal
Blue-Winged Teal
Bald pate
Shoveller
Shoveller
Wood Duck
Wood Duck

Sex
Male
Female
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Male
Female

1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
12
IL
o rt
T O
ArTHYINAE
Species
Redhead
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Ring-necked Duck
Canvasback
Qanvasback
Greater Scaup
Greater Scaup
Lesser Scaup
Lesser Scaup
American Golden-eye
American Golden-eye
Bufflehead
Bufflehead
Ruddy Duck
Ruddy Duck

Sex
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female

Ring-necked or Scaup
1
1
5
248
143
1
1
9
5
861
308
35
27
8
11
3
6
1,672
2
2 3 4 5a
1







2
L 2
1 5
& ERISMATURINAE
2 3 4 5a

1
83 21
4 8
2
1
2

28 5 213
10 1 85
1 2
1
7
1

1
51 10 344

5b 5c




1



3
1
5

5b 5c
1

8
4


1
1
176 19
87 7
1
3
1



283 26

Total
4
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
17
18
49

Total
2
6
288
159
3
2
12
6
1,302
498
39
31
16
12
3
7
2,386
2
                         1,674  51  10     344  283

*/ - 1.  Feathers completely matted
     2.  Feathers 51 - 99# matted
     3.  Feathers 25 - 50# matted
     4^  Feathers  5 - 25# matted
     5.  Washed bird.
         a.  Over 50# of feathers still matted
         b.  5 - 5C$ of feathers still matted
         c.  Less than 5% of feathers still matted
26
2,388

-------
                                                                        1200
                                   -17-                 Appendix C

             Merginae, Coot, Grebes and Miscellaneous Species
  Species
          Sex
5a   5b   5c
Total
Hooded Merganser Male
Hooded Merganser Female
American Merganser Male
American Merganser Female
Redbreasted Merganser Male
Redbreasted Merganser Female

Coot
Eared Grebe
Pied-billed Grebe


Cormorant (tagged) -
Ring-billed Gull (tagged) -
Herring Gull
Yellowlegs (tagged) -
Great Blue Heron -
+ Muskrats
7 Pigeons, 3 Blackbirds and 1
2 1
2
7 1
1
17
L 1 1
33 1 12
141 7 2 51 20 4
1
24 1 791
24 1 7 10 1
Miscellaneous
1
1
2
1
1

crow discarded
3
2
8
1
17
6
37
225
1
42
43

1
1
2
1
1


Anatinae
Aythyinae
Merginae
Coot
Grebes
Miscellaneous
— Banded
                               Grand Totals
38
1,674
33
141
24
3
1
51
1
7
1


10

2


5
344
1
51
7

5
283
2
20
10


26

4
1

49
2,388
37
225
43
3
                               1,913  61  12     408  320   31
                                                        2,745

-------
                                                         1201

                                               Appendix  D




            MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION


                 DIVISION OF  GAME AND FISH


              SECTION OF RESEARCH AND PLANNING




                      Bottom Fauna Data


  Mississippi River, Lock and Dam Mo. .1 to below Lakr Pepin
                   '"•oc.'itlon of Stations




Station 1 - Located In the ehnnnel south of Island >>. r>~

            (Diamond Island) at approxluately mile V*0'

            and approximately <>]• rniJes upstream from


            Wing, Minnesota.
I/
    River rallos, island numbers and names  of backwater

    areas are taken from Charts No. $0, 5! and  52  of


    Navigation Charta, Middle and Upper Mississippi


    Cairo, Illinois to Minneapolis, Minnesota,  Corps


    of Engineers, U. S. Army, January, 1956.
                                                              i

-------
                                                          1202

                                                    Appendix D
Station r?  -  Located in a back channel at the  outlet  of


             Lower Lako at approximately mile.  7Ry  3/4


             approximately O.G rnilr north of the main


             channel;  approximately '; niloo b<~>lovj  Fed V
Station 3  -  I*oc:-it<--  -  Located  in Lalc^ Pepln off Minnesota  fllghv;aj/


             Depar-t\-lent nnjvia^^e Park appvoximntely ,-t


                 vyf.
Station 6 - Located  in  a  hay (Steamboat Day) approximately    ;
                                                                t

            O.ri mil'-  north of the main channel at  approxi-


            mately mile 76^ 1/H immediately below  Lake


                !n.

-------
                                          -19-
                                                                      Appendix D
                                                                                                 1203
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-------
                                                       1203
           MR. SMITH:  Are there any other State Departments
represented here that would like to make a statement?
           (No response. )

           MR. SMITH:  If not, we will go to other official  ',
agencies.                                                    !
                                                             I
           The first one we would like to ^all on would be   !
                                                             i
the Twin  ""ity Metropolitan Planning Commission.  They have
                                                             i
indicated that a statement would be made.
           DR. HARGRAVES:  Have you a copy of It?            :
           MR. SMITH:  I don't recall having received a

copy of the statement,  They were here yesterday.
           MR. WILSON:  Mr. Edmund, the former chairman,
was here this morning.  Of course, I don't think he
represents them now,
           MR. SMITH:  The next would be the Lower Minnesota
Watershed District.
           Is Mr. Westerberg present?
           (No response.  )
           MR. SMITH:  I have one copy of material which
was left.  This is the statement of Kenneth W. Westerberg,
Secretary, Lower Minnesota River Watershed District, Savage, i

Minnesota.                                                   !
                                                             !
           DR. HARGRAVES:  How many pages is it?             J
                                                             i
           MR. SMITH:  Two pages.
           DR. HARGRAVES:  I will read it;

-------
                                                 1204
                 K. W. Weaterberg









      STATEMENT OF KENNETH W. WESTERBERQ,




      SECRETARY, LOWER MINNESOTA RIVER WATER-




      SHED DISTRICT, SAVAGE, MINNESOTA,




      PRESENTED BY DR. MARGRAVES
      F>R. MARGRAVES:  "Gentlemen:




      "My name is Kenneth vtf. Westerberg.  I am the




Secretary of the Lower ~Aj nnesota River Watershed




^•.strict, a political subdivision organized and




existing under the laws of the State of Minnesota.




Watershed districts '.reated pursuant to Minnesota




law are special use districts empowered to manage




and regulate water use within the':r boundaries.



The Lower Minnesota River Watershed District in-




cludes the lands abutting on the Minnesota River




from Its junction with the Mississippi River to a



point upstream Just above the City of Chaska,




Minnesota.  The District includes parts of the




 ountles of Ramsey, Scott, Dakota, Hennepin and




Carver Counties.  Watershed districts may be




established for any or all of the following con-




servation purposes;




     "1. Control or alleviation of damage by flood

-------
                                                  1205
                 K. W. Weaterberg
 "waters,-
      "2.  Improvement of stream channels for
drainage, navigation, and : ;<_> other puolic purpose;
      "3.  Reclaiming or filling wet and overflowed
 lands;
      "4.  Providing water supply for irrigation;
      "5.  Regulating the flow of streams and
conserving the waters thereof;
      ''6.  Diverting or changing watercourses in
whole or jn part;
      "•'.  Providing for sanitation and puollu health
and regulating the use of streams, ditches, or
watercourses for the purpose of disposing of waste;
      "9.  Repair, improve,  relocate, modify, con-
solidate, and abandon, in whole or in part, drainage
systems within a watershed district.
      "10.  Imposition of preventive or remedial
measures for the control or alleviation of land and
soil erosion and siltation of watercourses or bodies
of water affected thereby;
      ''11.  Regulating improvements by riparian
landowners of the beds, banks, and shores of lakes,
streams, and marshes by permit or otherwise in order
to preserve the same for beneficial use."

-------
                                                        1206  !

                       K.  W.  Westerberg


            I don't  know that anybody argues with the soil


conservation program.   I  don't  know whether this needs to


be completed or not.   If  it  ouuld be accepted?


            MR. STEIN:   We wen;3d be delighted to accept It,


wit hoi'*" on,iection.


            DR. HAFGE/\VL£:   Wi.at about Wisconsin?


            MR. WISNItfWSKJ :   fill ,"ight .


            MR. 3TE3N;   As i I1 "sad .


            DR. HARGRAVEE:   : mij'ht say It looks as though    ;
                                                              t

 t ~ct.s -,'n  find :r,,3 >usaes  the.', r  powers,  and says the water-


ore-" .listri 't  i :>  'nv-7'yirig out the purposes fcr whi-'?  it wna


established.   I will nt least save ny voice a bit.


            (The rest of the  prepared statement of Mr.


Westerberg  !•-,  ?.3  follows ;


            £ pr'ns^iical  pu'.'pose  of the Lower Minnesota        !


Rive" Watershed Dif.trlot  Involves improvement of the river


 hanne] for- nav: ;;nt j oii  ourposea.   The Board of Managers


is presently en?;a^ed in a cooperative project with the


United States  Corps of Army  Engineers for the dredging and

                                                              I
improvement of the  Minnesota River Channel from .Its Junction ;


with the Mississippi River to Mile 1^.7,  which is Just       ,


above the City of Savage,  Minnesota.  While the principal


project under way involves deepening of the river channel


for navigation purposes,  the Board of Managers  is concerned

-------
                                                       1207

                       K.  w.  Weeterberg



with  Improving and maintaining water  quality  which  will
                                                              j


allow  for  recreational and other  uses in  the  stream.   The     |



Board  of Managers has  the power to make surveys  and utilize   ;



other  surveys and data to develop projects  to accomplish



the purposes Tor whJch the District  is organized.   The



District Is empowered  to  cooperate and contract  with  the



3t3~e  of wSinnesotft or  subdivisions thereof, or Federal



agencies in carrying out  orc/ects authorized  by  the Watershed'



Act.



           The 'listr-.-•£ lias  recently  directed ir.s engineer



-o  Inventor?/ w^te;1 resources within the ;;istr ~j ct, particular-



ly the extent to which ground water   <-e discharging  into



the Minnesota River Volley ano1 f-he extent,  if any,  of re-



charge of the srounctwater  from the surface waters  of the



Minnesota R've1".  A general  inventory of  the  types  of water



users  : n the -''.strict will also be made by the engineer.



Within the boundaries of the District are nt?ny public lakes   •


that pr-e located . f'f '  .'• -^he main  channel  of the  River which



are desirable habitat presently for various foi^s of  wJld-



jlfe.   Fluctuations of the water  levels of these areas and



methods of protecting the habitat of  wildlife species using



these  areas will ue studied by the District engineer.         j
                                                              i

           The Watershed District, in carrying out  the       !

                                                              i

purposes for which It was established, is undertaking this   i

-------
                                                      1208
                      K. W.  Westerberg
inventory of water needs and uses within its area,  and
requests that it be kept advised concerning the results of
the survey of pollution of the Mississippi River being
carried out by the United States Public Health Service. )


                           * # *
           MR. SMITH:  I would like to call next on the
Metropolitan Mosquito Control District representative.

-------
                                                   1209

                      A. W. Buzlcky




           STATEMENT OP A. W. BUZICKY, DIRECTOR,


           METROPOLITAN MOSQUITO CONTROL DISTRICT




           MR. BUZICKY:  I am *. W. BJ.zicky, representing


the Metropolitan Mosquito Control Commission, and 1 am


Director.


           The Commission does not have any comments to make


and to insert into the record as of this time.


           MR. STEIN:  Thank ycxi.
                                                             I
           MR. SMITH:  Next would be the Chairman cf the     |
                                                             I
Water Pollution Control Advisory Committee, Mr. Tischler.    j

-------
                                                     1210
                      J. P. TlBchler


           STATEMENT OF JOHN F. T1SCHLER, CHAIRMAN,
                                                            j
           MINNESOTA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL                i
           ADVISORY COMMITTEE                               I
                                                            i

                                                            i
           MR. TISCHLER:  Chairman Stein, -onferees:         ;
           1 am John F. Tlschler, Chairman of the Minnesota 1
Water Pollution Control Advisory Committee.                 ;
                                                            i
           Our lS~member committee was appointed '*y the     i
Governor under the provisions of Chapter ?0, Minnesota      •
Statutes, 1961.
           I think I probably have the shortest statement
on record here.  We are an advisory committee.  No one has
to take our advice.  We act as a sort of prod on the
                                                            i
Minnesota Water Pollution Commission, not because we don't
believe the individual members are sincere, not because we
believe the Commission as a whole is not doing everything
it can do with the facilities it haa on hand, but, rather,
to give them a little someone to pass the buck to.
           We put the heat on them; they put the heat on
the Industries and the municipalities, and if they kick
back, they can say, "Well, the Advisory Committee is after
us."
           We believe that the Mississippi River from the-

-------
                                                     itu

                      J. P. Tiachler


outlet of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sewage Plant to Hastings,


Minnesota, is polluted to a point where it endangers fish


and wildlife, and is a menace to health and the recreational


and esthetic values of the river.


           We urge that there be but a single standard of


purity for the waters of the Mississippi.


           We urge that the same standard of pollution

abatement be insisted uoon for- all parts of the Mississippi


River as are sought in other sections of the State of


Minnesota.


           Wo suggest that the Minneapolia-St.  Paul

                                                             i
Sanitary District disposal plant be so improved and enlarged !


so that it may put into effect much raore efficient treat-    ]


ment facilities, which will meet the future needs for the


protection of health, recreation and industrial growth of
                                                             !

the area.                                                    1
                                                             i
                                                             I
           Mr. Chairman, I am also Secretary of the          j
                                                             I
Minnesota Conservation Federation, an affiliate of the       !
                                                             i
National Wildlife Federation,  and we were invited here to    <
                                                             i
                                                             i
make a statement as well.                                    j

           MR. STEIN:  That would be fine.


           MR. TISCHLER:  The Minnesota Conservation


Federation, an affiliate of the National Wildlife Federation,


is made up of 160 sportsmen's and conservation clubs

-------
                                                       1212

                      J. P. Tischler                         j
                                                             i
                                                             1
throughout the State, with a membership In excess of 25,000. j
                                                             i
           We took a leading part in securing passage of     j

the Hunger Water Pollution Act in 1961, and the Rosenmeier   :

Pollution Bill in 1963, as well as the Ashbach Bill.         ;

           We are aware of the heavy pollutlonal load in

the Mississippi River between the Minneapolis-St. Paul       :

sewage treatment plant and Hastings, and we urge the up-

.Tjradints of that sewage treatment plant to maintain standards
                                                             i

as high as those 'r other parts of the State.                j

           ThcM'C is one thing which hasn't been touched      !

•ipon in this conference, which is talked about throughout

the £tate, and that is making draw-downs of the headwater

lakes of the Mississippi River System to act as a dilutant

for the pollution load in the Mississippi, and also to       •
                                                             f
provide water for Industrial pooling purposes in the Twin    ;

City srea.                                                   '

           The Minnesota Conservation Federation is opposed

tc any draw-downs of those headwater lakes.                  '
                                                             i
                                                             i
           Thank you.
                                                             i
           MR. STEIN:  Thank you, sir.
                                                             I

           I might point out here that the Congress has      j

spoken on that, and the Federal law is specific on that.     j

           I think Colonel Harding, when he was here, may

have mentioned that.  In the Federal Water Pollution Control

-------
                                                       1213
                      J. P. Tischler

 Act Amendments of 1Q61, it was provided that storage

 capacity could be made available in Federal Impoundments or

 reservoirs for water pollution control purposes.

           However, this could not -- and, I repeat> could

 not -- and cannot be used as a substitute for adequate

 treatment at the source.

           In the administration of ~hat Act, it has oeen

 decided that this, at i^aot, means secondary treatment at

 the source.  Sc  .- water will oe made available from Uncle

 Sam, I don't think, until this is done.

           There are certain situations, though, and this

 is why the Act was passed, where even providing tr;e beet

 reasonable treatment, there may oe periods where dilution

water is necessary, because In some streams where you get

 something drying up or a very low spot and the stream dries

up and gets various puddles or pools, you may wi ? out the

aquatic life, and even if the water comes back it will take

you another year before you can get that back to normal

again.  Sometimes it will take longer.

           Sometimes this cycle repeats itself over and

over again, so you always have a depleted stream.

           If, during these low streams, you can maintain

a reasonable minimum condition so that when more water come*

in the ecology of the stream won't be too badly disrupted,

-------
                      J. P. Tischler




we may have achieved something.




           MR. TISCHLER:  Our position was that we were




opposed to draw-downs in lieu of proper treatment facilities.



           MR. STEIN:  Thank you.




           MR. WILSON:  Mr. Chairman, might I ask Mr.




Tischler to stay just a minute, because I want to ask  him a



question or two0




           MR. STEIN:  Surely.




           MR. WILSON:  But before I do that, I would  like




to comment on this particular point of the Mississippi




River draw-downs, which have long been a subject of contro-




versy in this State.




           At the hearings that were held by the Commission




in the summer of 1962, on the adoption of the Mississippi




River standards that Dr. Hargraves told about, the Corps of



Engineers presented a statement.




           Colonel Harding and two of his engineers are




here present, and if they have anything to add to what I am




about to aay, I think that it would be appropriate to  hear




them at this tJtne.




           Those big reservoirs at the headwaters of the




Mississippi were created by Act of Congress many years ago




in aid of navigation, so that in the days before the 9-foot




channel dam was constructed, water could be let down to




raise the water level for navigation and watering purposes

-------
                                                      1215    ;


                      J. P. Tlachler


at and below the Twin Cltiea.

                                                             ;
           In those days, the principal navigation waa


the towing of logs and lumber, and before that, of course,


there had been some passenger traffic; but the need for that



use of the river was very largely dimin;shed when the 9-foot


channel dam system was constructed.


           Since then, under Acts of Congress, the Secretary


of Defense — I believe it used to be the War Department —


has a certain measure of discretion to use that water for


other public purposes, but the Corps of Engineers, represent-


ing the Secretary, has recognized that there is a very


marked controversy between conflicting interests in



Minnesota, namely, the interests that are represented by


the conservation organizations that Mr. Tischler is spokes-  |


man for, and all the resort jvoups end property owners


living around those big lakes, and the downstream people


around the Twin Cities who want more of that water for water >


supply, sewage dilution, and what not.


           Now,  as I recall the position of the Corps of


Engineers, it was that they were not going to attempt to



make any decision between those conflicting Interests in



Minnesota, and that probably the ultimate decision as to     |
                                                             i

which of those Interests should be recognized In the use     j
                                                             i

of this water would be up to the Minnesota Legislature.       i

-------
                                                        1216
                      J. P. Tiachler
That is still an open question.




           Now, if Colonel Harding cr any of hia assistant*




would like to make * comment on that, 1 suggest that they



be given an opportunity to.




           However, i just want to add, before we keep Mr.




Tischler standing there any more — I just want to ask him




this :




           Calling his attention to the fact that the




Commission for some time past, in view of the fact that the




terms of the original members of your Advisory Committee




had expired, WPS trying to have vacancies filled and trying



to have your Advisory Committee have an official meeting.




I just wanted to ask you if that has been done yet.  lias




the Governor filled the vacancies, or have you had an




official meeting lately, or what?




           By what group was this statement that you



presented here this morning, framed?



           MR. TISCHLER:  We had an official meeting laat




Friday.  The terms have not been filled, the expired t«nns,




and I might add we sought the legislative appropriation to




cover expenses of our group in the last session, and we




didn't get that either.




           MR. WILSON:  The money has been provided lately,




though, haa It not?

-------
                      J. F. Tischler


           MR. TISCHLER:  Not as far aa I know.  Meeting


expense is provided by your Commission out of your contingent


fund.


           MR. WILSON:  Then, as we understood it, this


statement that you have presented is the consensus of th«


original Committee?


           MR. TISCHLER:  At a meeting held last Friday,


yes.


           MR. WILSON:  Thank you.


           MR. STEIN:  Do you have any questions?


           MR. WISNIEWSKI:  Mr. Tischler, are all the head-

                                                             i
water lakes that you referred to In your statement the same  !


bodies of water that Mr. Wilson has referred to as regulating


reservoirs on this river?


           MR. TISCHLER:  Yes.


           MR. WISNIEWSKI:  Thank you.


           MR. TISCHLER:  There is one — I hate to run on


like this.  There has been one factor in regard to these


headwater lakes.  When these dams were established, and


so on, we had a large number of potholes and marshes and


sloughs, small lakes along the course of the river which,


through the year, acted as feeders to the volume of wat«r


going down the Mississippi.


           Many of those lakes — many of them were

-------
                                                      1218
                      J, F, Tischler
Government subsidy — have since been drained.   Our reser-
voirs are lost, so now we are depending practically upon
the headwaters to provide a flow of water to the river.
           MR. STEIN:  Thank you, sir.
           DR. HARGRAVES:  I would like to make one further
comment, and then we will call on the next person.
           The State of Minnesota Water Pollution Control
Com&dssion adopted a definite statement of policy on
December 21, 1962, and it is referred to in the back of my
statement this morning.  It wasn't read.   It relates to
the fact that the Commission believes that flow augmentation 1
should not be used at any time as a substitute for opera-
tion of aewage or industrial waste treatment works at        ;
maximum capacity, or for any other method of controlling     !
waste at the source, and so on; so we are on record, and this
is referred to in our report.
           MR. STEIN:  Thank you.
           Colonel Harding, do you want to add anything or
not?
           COLONEL HARDING:  I would like to make one brief
comaent.
           I did mention during my presentation yesterday
that we are conducting a study on the operation of the head-
water reservoirs.  Thl* was partially initiated as a result

-------
                                                     1219

                      J. F. Tlschler

of certain resolutions passed by the Minnesota State Legis-

lature a few years ago, indicating that they felt the States

should have a greater role in the operation of these

reservoirs than they have at present.

           As a result, we have beer working on this study

for two or three years.  It is scheduled to be completed     j

during the first fiscal year of 1965,  One of the objectives j

of the study is to determine whether the mode of operation   !
                                                             :
of the reservoirs, as presently prescribed by the Secretary  !

of the Army, is to be changed.                               j

           In working up this study, we have taken the

operating data under our operations plan, and we have ta^en

the State's suggested operations plan.  We have fed this

in the machine down in Omaha, and we, at the present time,

have received these results and are in the process of

analyzing them.

           However, as has been pointed out, we have many

 onflicting interests.  We have the people up in the lakes

who want the water to remain level.  We have the people

in the Twin Cities area who recognize that they are going

to have increased water supply requirements.  We have our

pollution control requirements which have been emphasized

in this meeting, so that to come up with an answer that

Is going to satisfy all these divergent interests, I think

-------
                                                    1220
                      J. P. Tiiohler
It la apparent to everybody, !• most difficult, Ins"  v« are
working on it.
           MR. STEIN:  Thank you, Colonel.
           Thank you, Mr. Tlaohler.
           Mr. Smith?
           MR. SMITH:  The next group Me have are the
municipal or community sewage sources, and we start with
the upper end of the Mississippi River under consideration
by this conference, and the first municipality would be
Anoka.
           Is there anyone here representing Anoka?
           If not, I would like Mr. Thlmaen to read a
paragraph into the record describing the treatment facilities
which are In operation.

-------
                                                        1221

                      D. J. Thlmsen



           STATEMENT OF DONALD J. THIMSEN, MINNESOTA

           DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH, SECTION ON WATER

                         POLLUTION



           MR. THIMSEN:  The Anoka sewage treatment plant    !
                                                             i
was constructed in 1956 and is a secondary plant consisting  j
                                                             1
of a grit chamber, primary settling tank, high rate          I

trickling filters, final settling tanks, chlorinatlon contact!

tank, and separate sludge digestion tanks.  The sewage       j

treatment plant is designed to treat sewage and waste flowing;

at the rate of 1.M4 mgd with a 5-day BOD of 300 rcg/1 to      i

produce an effluent BOD of approximately 75 mg/1.            >
                                                             j
           DR. HARGRAVES:  I might say for the sake of the   |

group and for the recorder, that you have all of these,

and Mr. Thimaen can show you where he is reading fromj but

we are going to call on him for many of these, so that we

are on record as to what our communities are doing.

           MR. SMITH:  The next one in order would be the

North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District, and they have a

statement to make.

           MR. TAUTGES:  We have a paper and we also have

a statement in addition, which we would like to put into the

record as if it were read in.

-------
                                                       1222
                         T. Tautgas
           MR. STEIN:  Without objection, that will be done.
           STATEMENT OF TOM TAUTGES, VICE-CHAIRMAN

           OP THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NORTH
           SUBURBAN SANITARY SEWER DISTRICT


           MR. TAUTGES:  My name la Tom Tautgee and I am a
member of the Spring Lake Park Village Council.  I am also

Vice-Chalrman of the Board of Trustees of the North Suburban
Sanitary Sewer District, a district comprising some 50,000
acres of land and representing 71,000 residents.
           I have been instructed by the Board to submit a
position paper.  Accordingly, i will keep my remarks brief
and,to sura up the position of the Board of Trustees, I
welcome our out-of-State conferees and the representatives
of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
           We welcome especially the opportunities for

fresh and uncommitted points of view.
           More than anything else we ask for objectivity
because we know the conferees appointed by the Minnesota

Water Pollution Control Commission are committed in advance
to the proposition that all of the sewage in the metro-

politan area be collected and transported at great expense

-------
                                                        1223
                         T. Tautges
to a single treatment plant, thereby abandoning the
Hastings Pool for purposes other than sewage disposal and
resulting in an unacceptable level of downstream pollution.
           In a report of the staff of the Minneapolis-St.
Paul Sanitary Distr.; ot, whi.-.h !s a major source of pollu-
tion l!i this ares, they set forth the following goals:
           1.  !'"retention of water supplies and reduc-
     tion of health hazards to a minimum.
           ?.  j;. 13mi nation of nuisance conditions resulting
     frotn Inadequate sewage disposal.
           ^.  Restoration and preservation, to the greatest
     extent practicable, of the recreational use of water-
     courses ."
           We support these objectives. However, during the
past two years the Minnesota Water Pollution Control Commis-
sion has missed a golden opportunity to achieve these
goals.   They miboed it by setting their sights too low wnen
they established standards for the Hastings Pool.  Under
these standards, no fish propagation can take place in the
Hastings Pool and recreational activities in that portion of
the river are generally discouraged.  The Hastings Pool
represents Zone 3 in the classification and standards
adopted by the Commission.
           As we understand the purpose of this conference,

-------
                                                       1224
                         T. Tautgea

it is to Improve river water conditions from those we now

have and from those we can foresee on the baaia of these

recently adopted standards.

           Severn 1 factors enter into the consideration of

the water oollut'on control program for any metropolitan

aren,  in] "• b one 'ins its own peculiar conditions.

           First of all, the Mississippi River and its

tributaries within this metropolitan area represent the

wate1" .-curses r--p'1?>Me for assimilating liquid wastes from

this aver.   Tl'c u.otal flow of water available for this

our peso can oe smnll because of our location near- the

headwaters of these rivers.  For this ^eason any  jonsidera-

tion of the pollution problem in the Hastings Pool and the

waters downstream must take into account upriver sewage

disposal practJ-.-es that would affect ooth the volume of

wastes discharged to the Hastings Pool and the quality of

the rl ver water entering the pool.

           Since tnere is a limited amount of water flowing

through this metropolitan area, we must use it wisely.  It

la common practice in other metropolitan areas to divide

the sewage flew so as to Introduce treated effluent at

various points in the water course.  In this manner they

take advantage of the maximum assimilative capacity of the

waters.

-------
                         T. Tautges


           This logical use Is exactly the position of the


North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District.  Scientific studies


have proven it is impossible to maintain what have been


considered adequate river conditions during low river flows


by discharging all of the treated waste effluent into the


same zone of the Mississippi River, if conventional methods


of sewage disposal are to be employed.


           We are nevertheless convinced that the volume and


flow of the rivers is adequate to properly assimilate the


treated wastes from the greater metropolitan area,  if our


State Water Pollution Control Commission would insist upon


uniformly high degrees of sewage treatment and if the


treated wastes are divided and enter the rivers at various


points.  This accomplishes the purpose of reducing the


enormous volume of waste projected to be introduced only to
                                                             i
                                                             i
the Hastings Pool when it is known that the pool la unable   j


to assimilate such a pollutional load.


           The present policy of the Minnesota Water Pollu-


tion Control Commission provides for concentration of the


entire pollutional load into one portion of the Mississippi


River.  This imposes unacceptable water condition on our


neighbors downstream both in Wisconsin and Minnesota.


           We plead with the Public Health Service and


their scientists to give us the background and data fro«

-------
                                                      1226
                         T. Tautges
which acceptable water quality standards can be developed.
This will permit planning for sewage works construction
that will result in safe, rational, and economical sewage
disposal for our district and for any other region of this
greater metropolitan area.

                          * * *


           STATEMENT OP THE NORTH SUBURBAN SANITARY
           SEWER DISTRICT TO BE PRESENTED AT THE
           CONFERENCE ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

PRESENT STANDARDS
           In a staff report to the Board of Trustees of the
Mlnneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District dated January 22,
1962, the staff of that District stated that:
           "The principal objectives which must be
     achieved in providing an adequate solution to
     the sewage problem In the metropolitan area may
     be stated as follows:
           1.  Protection of water supplies and reduction
     of health hazards to a minimum.
           2.  Elimination of nuisance conditions
     resulting from inadequate sewage disposal.

-------
                                                       122?
                         T, Tautgea
           3,  Restoration and preservation, to the
     greatest extent practicable, of the recreational use
     of watercourses."
           The Board of Trustees of the North Suburban
Sanitary Sewer District supports these objectives.  An
analysis of the river standards endorsed by this same staff
and enacted by the State Water Pollution Control Commission,
however, will reveal a question of Intent to limit the
application of these objectives to the waters passing
through but not downstream from the Twin Cities.  To such
limited application we object strongly.
           In 1962 the State Water Pollution Control
Commission held a series of hearings relative to the adoption
of river standards from the Rum River to the Hastings dam.
Three sets of standards were adopted for three separate
segments or zones of the river.  The standards applying to
the three zones differed from zone to zone, primarily from
the standpoint of dissolved oxygen content to be maintained
in the river waterj with a minimum of 4.0 parts per million
dissolved oxygen required in the stretch above St. Anthony
Palls (Zone I) under the same river flow condition which
would have permitted dissolved oxygen depletion in the
stretch Influenced by wastes from the Twin Cities sewage
treatment facilities at Pig's Eye (Zone III).  Another eet

-------
                                                      1228
                         T.  Tautges
of river flow conditions demanding 5,0 parts per million
dissolved oxygen above St. Anthony Palls (Zone I) required
only approximately 2,0 parts per million dissolved oxygen
downstream from Pig's Eye (Zone III).
           The standards further provided that whether or
not the dissolved oxygen standards and other water quality
conditions could be met, no  new sewage treatment plant
effluent, regardless of degree of treatment can be dis-
charged to the Mississippi River or its tributaries between
the mouth of the Run River and the Pig's Eye facility
(Zones I and IJ).  The standards provide no machinery to
eliminate the more than 60 raw sewage overflows from the
Minneapolis and St. Paul sewer system in that same stretch
of river.  Nor does adequate machinery now exist In the
Minnesota Department of Health to police the utilization of
the Minneapolis and St. Paul sewer systems to prevent an
increase of raw sewage discharge from those overflow points
as a result of continual over-utilization and overselling
of nonexisting "excess capacity" in those sewer systems.
           These standards were adopted by the State Water
Pollution Control Commission in 1963.  It is the position
of the Board of Trustees of the North Suburban Sanitary
Sewer District that the standards now in effect impose
unreasonable restrictions upon the use of the Mississippi

-------
                         T. Tautges




River passing through the Twin Cities while neglecting




an opportunity to upgrade river conditions below the Pig's



Eye plant.  The standards applicable to the portion of the




river downstream from the Pig's Eye plant are no higher and




in the cases of at least two provisions they are lower than




the standards in effect, but not legally adopted prior to




1963.



           It is the position of this Board that the river




standards should be high throughout the area.  The fact




that the Pig's Eye plant is within and not downstream from




the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area is a fundamental factor



in support of uniform standards throughout most of the




stretch of the river in question.




           In order to fully examine the implications of the




standards in question, it is necessary to examine first the



river characteristics and the existing or committed uses



of the river.  Secondly, it is necessary to examine the




effects of river quality standards upon the costs of con-



struction and operation of sewerage facilities.








RIVER CHARACTERISTICS AND RIVER WATER USES








           Zone I of the Mississippi River, as described in




the standards adopted in 1963*  extends from the mouth of

-------
                                                      1230



                         T.  Tautges




the Rum River to St. Anthony Palls.  Although the water



stored behind the St. Anthony Palls dam would submerge the



inlet gallery of the Minneapolis water treatment plant at



any flow condition in the river, hydraulic engineering



studies show that confinement of the river within a narrow



channel and the curvature of the alignment of the river



prevent recirculation of the water within the portion of the



river influenced by that dam.



           The Minneapolis water Intake is the only water



intake of concern from the standpoint of the discharge of



effluent from proposed sewage treatment facilities into



waters of this zone.



           The areas bordering the river upstream are within



the boundaries of incorporated municipalities outside the



corporate boundaries of Minneapolis.  These areas are



primarily residential in nature.  The area bordering the     j
                                                             j


river directly across the river from the Minneapolis water



intake and the areas on both sides of the river between



the water intake and the south boundary of Zone I are



industrial in nature.



           Prior to the adoption of the standards, the



Federal Government had, in fact, expended approximately



$35*000,000 to construct locks through the St. Anthony Falls




structures and to develop a navigation channel for Industrial

-------
                                                      1231
                         T. Tautges

barge traffic to serve river front Industrial sites within

Zone I up to a point approximately one mile downstream

from the Minneapolis water intake.

           All of Zone I has been classified for public

water supply purposes.  The area upstream from the

Minneapolis water intake is committed to development which

is compatible with such classification.  However, the

portion of Zone I lying within the confines of the afore-

described Upper Harbor Navigation Improvement Project is

committed by present usage and by expenditure of public funds

to development which is not compatible with such classi-

fication.

           To this extent it is the conviction of this

Board that the State Water Pollution Control Commission has

Improperly classified the portion of Zone I downstream from

the Minneapolis water intake, and specifically that portion

located within the Upper Harbor Improvement, and that the

standards associated with that classification are not

consistent with the proper classification of those waters.

           An examination of the standards themselves as

they apply to Zone I will show further inconsistencies.

           Section 3 (g) provides that "The discharge of

treated sewage effluent, industrial waste, or other wastes

•hall be restricted so that at any water supply Intake the

-------
                         T.  Tautgea

maximum limits for chemicals in the waters shall be such

that after Class IV treatment has been provided as specified

in Section 2 (Public Health Bulletin No. 296), the con-

centrations recommended in the U. S. Public Health Service

Drinking Water Standards, 1962, will not be exceeded in the

drinking water.	"
                                                             i
           This is an entirely realistic water quality stand-j

ard which would appear to reflect the proper nature of

water quality standards when viewed with the knowledge of

the resources immediately available to this specific

standard-setting agency.                                     :

           Conflicting with that provision, however, ia      ,

Section 3(b)> which provides that "no treated sewage effluent:
                                                             i
shall be discharged into the waters from any source

originating after the taking effect hereof, including,

without limitation, discharges from watercraft."

           Section 3(b) is not a water quality standard

at all, but is a river use prohibition.  This provision is

an engineering decision without the benefit of hydraulic

engineering study.  The effect of this arbitrary decision

is that regardless of any other factors which would ordinariljy

apply to such a situation, the provisions set forth in the

remainder of Section 3 cannot be met if treated sewage

effluent is discharged to any portion of Zone I.  The test

-------
                                                     1233
                         T. Tautges

as to whether or not any constituent of that effluent can

reach a water supply Intake in concentrations exceeding the

limits act forth in Section 3 (g) is* by that so-called

"standard/1 entirely foreclosed; yet this is the test to

which any proposal for discharging sewage effluent to those

waters should be subjected,

           A further inconsistency in the entire set of

standards is the variation in dissolved oxygen levels to

be maintained in the various zones of the river under speclfl

r ve  flow conditions.  The 5.0 part-oer-million dissolved

oxygen content established for Zone I cannot be Justified

from the standpoint of the classification assigned to that

rone.  At the same time, the dissolved oxygen levels assigned)
                                                             t
                                                             i
to the Zone III standards are not appreciably higher than    j
                                                             !
those which have been in effect on a somewhat Informal basis !

for approximately thirty years.  These low dissolved oxygen

levels which will actually permit oxygen depletion under low

instantaneous flow conditions amount to abandonment of that

zone for many recognized river uses.

           In view of the extensive open water areas of

Zone III that are readily accessible for recreational

purposes as compared to the relatively confined and

Inaccessible water areas in both Zones I and II, the standards

now applicable throughout the classified section of the river

-------
                                                      1234
                         T. Tautges

are inconsistent with the beet recreational utilization of

the river.



ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS



           Finally, in consideration of the purposes of

river classification and standards is the question of the

impact of economic factors of sewage treatment and disposal.

           In I960 the Minneapolls-St. Paul Sanitary

District published a report covering a five-year study of

the expansion of sewage works in the Minneapolis-St. Paul

Metropolitan Area.  Among the proposed solutions to the

sewage problem, the report described regional sewage

treatment facilities as providing a satisfactory and

reasonable solution to the problem.  The report suggested

further that the disadvantages to such regional facilities

involved emotional objections to plant sites.

           Engineering studies conducted by the North

Suburban Sanitary Sewer District show significant cost

savings associated with a regional sewage treatment plant

for this District.  Those studies show that such a regional

facility can produce an effluent of satisfactory quality

to conform to all of the scientific and technical provisions

of the present standards, except the provision that prohibits

-------
                                                    1235
                         T. Tautges

such a facility.

           Of the several engineering plans offered in the

report, the staff of the Minneapolis-St.  Paul Sanitary

District and the Executive Officer of the Minnesota

Department of Health promoted the plant which involved the

discharge of all of the treated sewage effluent from this
                                                             i
metropolitan area into what later became  designated as Tone  j
                                                             I
III of the Mississippi River.                                !

           Two factors were utilized in an unsuccessful      '

attempt to support this plan from the standpoint of overall

economics.  One factor involved the anticipation of a set

of river standards that would permit B relatively low level

of sewage treatment in sewage treatment plants discharging

to £one III and at the same time would require a very high

level of treatment at upstream plants and thus reflect an

economic imbalance in favor of centralization of treatment.

           Although such river standards  did, in fact,

evolve from the State Water Pollution Control Commission,

the testimony presented during the hearings of those

proposed standards left little question that such differen-

tial standards would still result in an economic imbalance

in favor of a regional sewage treatment facility upriver.

The incorporation of the provision prohibiting the dis-

charge of treated sewage effluent into Zone I shows clearly

-------
                                                      1236
                         T. Tautges

that a preferred engineering solution, rather than the need

for maintenance of satisfactory river water quality and

economic considerations, motivated the State Water Pollution
Control Commission In the establishment of these so-called
"standards."
           The other factor involved design on the basis of
population projections and land-use data that were collected
before local planning had progressed sufficiently to make
such data reasonably valid.  Again those data were unsuccess-
fully utilized to Influence an economic imbalance in favor
of centralization of treatment.  The population projections
made prior to I960 were undermined by the I960 Census data.
The land-use projections have been invalidated to a very
significant degree by local development which has taken
place since the collection of the data utilized in the study
In this case the data were, without question, collected and
utilized In good faith by the persons who prepared the
report.  The promoters of centralized treatment, however,

continued to treat cost comparisons based upon these data
as if their validity could not be questioned.
           Also missing froro the report covering the five-
year study Is the reflection of the advances made in sewage
treatment technology in the past nine years, as those

advances would affect construction and operation costs of

-------
                                                     1237




                         T. Tautges




new sewage treatment facilities.  Thorough consideration




of this, in addition to the two above factors, will show



overwhelming economic advantages In favor of the approach




involving regional sewage treatment facilities.




           It follows then that the so-called "standards,"




which are intended to be river water quality standards, have !




been developed to dictate a specific engineering plan for




sewage disposal for this metropolitan area.  This was done




even though the foundation for that plan has been severely




undermined by development of the area since the original



design criteria were collected and presented.




           At this time there is no valid support for past




statements by the staff of the Minneapolis-St. Paul




Sanitary District or the City of Minneapolis, with reference




to the comparison of costs between sewerage systems involving



regional, as opposed to central(Pig's Eye), treatment




facilities.   The only study which has been used by those




persons in the past for such a comparison has been




Invalidated by development of the area and by improvements




in sewage treatment technology and the costs-of-treatment




estimates were based upon anticipated river water quality




standards, which, though now a reality,  are being tested




in the courts by this District and are sufficiently contro-




versial to be a subject of this conference.

-------
                                                      1238

                         T.  Tautges



           When the promoters of sewage treatment centralize



tion finally concluded that  such centralization could not


be supported by objective and thorough economic study, they j
                                                            i
                                                            i
were successful in prevailing upon the Minnesota State      j


Water Pollution Control Commission to use the river standards


to prohibit any other approach.
SUMMARY






           The Board does not object to standards which



will insure a high level of purity for waters that can enter



the intake structures of water treatment facilities.



           The portion of Zone I upstream from the head



of the Upper Harbor navigation improvement is properly



classified for those purposes, although the significance of



a 5.0 part-per-million minimum dissolved oxygen level for



waters so classified is not entirely clear.  The projects



of the North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District are designed



to preserve the conditions which permit this classification.



           The waters in all zones downstream from the head



of the navigation Improvement, however, are committed to



similar uses, and these waters should all be included in



the same classification.  Standards applicable to those



waters should be uniform.

-------
                                                     1239
                         T. Tautges

           The level at which those standards are estab-

lished should depend to a considerable extent upon the level

of water quality the Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, as

represented by the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary Distri't,

can be encouraged to maintain in the Mississippi River

through those downstream metropolitan area communities

.ontiguous to the Hastings Pool,

           Until the political leaders of Minneapolis and

St. Paul are convinced that they have no right to expect

river conditions within their cities which differ in any

way from the coi-di tions they are willing to produce in the

river passing through their downstream neighboring metro-

politan area communities, the metropolitan sewage problem

will remain a controversy.

           The Pig's £ye Sewage Treatment Plant is within

the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, and the property border-

Ing the portion of the Mississippi River that is influenced

most by the effluent from that plant is also within this

metropolitan area.

           The concentration of the sewage load from the

entire metropolitan area In the Hastings Pool serves no

other purpose than to condemn the waters of that pool to a

pollution load that those waters cannot adequately

assimilate.  The distribution of that pollutional load to

-------
                         T. Vautges



take advantage of the assimilative capacity of the river




within the metropolitan area, which is now either unused o,



used to assimilate raw sewage discharges, will permit



uniformly better river conditions throughout the metro-



politan area, provided that a high degree of treatment Is



required at all sewage treatment facilities and nrovided



that steps are taken to eliminate the raw sewage discharges



           If river water quality standards and treated



sewage effluent standards are established to reflect a



desired river water quality, rather than a desired engineer-



ing plan, water pollution control agencies will have ful-



filled their responsibility and the basis for a solution



to this sewage problem will then be available.



           Thank you.



           MR. STEIN:  Are there any comments or questions



from Wisconsin?



           (No response.)



           MR. STEIN:  Minnesota?



           MR. WILSON:  Mr. Chairman, I do not think that



this is an appropriate time to take the time of this



gathering with any arguments about the merits or demerits



of the proposals in this statement.



           I simply wish to call attention to the present



legal situation in that behalf.



           The North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District first

-------
                                                      1241
                         T. Tautg®a
contested the authority of the Commission in a court
proceeding, claiming that they were exempt, to a very large
degree, by virtue of the terms of their enabling Act from
the authority of the Water Pollution Control Commission.
           That point was decided against them by the
District Court of Ramsey County, and that decision has become
final, so that it is now authoritatively determined that the
North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District, like all other units
of government that have anything to do with pollution
Control or sewage disposal, is  now subject to the authority
of the Commission.
           There is also pending an appeal to the District
Court of Anoka County, taken by the North Suburban Sanitary
Sewer District, from the standards applicable to them whi,-h
have Just been described.  That appeal haa not yet been
brought on for hearing.
           I might say that in the course of the hearings
that were held in 1962 by the Commission, all these points
that have Just been listed here were reviewed, and evidence
was taken thereon, and is incorporated in the record, which
will be submitted to the court upon this appeal.  The final
decision as to the reasonableness of the standards adopted
by the Commission will be made by the District Court, and
may subsequently be subject to review by the State Supreme

-------
                                                        1242
                         T. Tautgca
Court.
           That is the status of that matter at present.



It may be quite some time yet before there will be a final



Judicial decision that will settle those questions.



           MR. TMJTGES:  Well, I think that this is all



correct, but still the fact remains that we are trying to



improve the conditions of the river, and I think that we



have come up with a good way of improving the conditions



of the river.  I think It bears on this conference.



           MR. WILSON:  On that point, Mr. Chairman, as we



have continually emphasized, every standard adopted by the



Commission is subject to continuous review.



           Whenever conditions change, and whenever evidence



is submitted to the Commission that Justifies the raising



of the standards, It is always the policy of the Commission



to set the standards just as high as possible, remembering



that in order to withstand court attack, every standard has



to be based on evidence, and it must be reasonable.




           MR. STEIN:  Does the North Suburban Sanitary



Sewer District have a treatment plant that you maintain and




operate?



           MR. TAUTOES:  No, sir, we don't.  We presently
have plans.
           MR. STEIN:  What happens to your waste now?

-------
                                                        1243
                         T. Tautges

           MR. TAUTGES:  We use aeptic tanks and drain fields

and we do not have any central collection point for sewage.

           MR. WILSON:  They have under negotiation, If not

consummated, a contract with the City of Minneapolis for    j
                                                            i
the disposal of their sewage through the Twin Cities system.

How long that will be effective remains to be seen, but,

at any rate, that is the present proposal for disposal of

the sewage from this district when they get their sewer

system constructed.

           MR. STEIN:  I think, though, you must admit,

Mr. Wilson -- at least to me this is a rather unique posi-

tion for a polluter or a potential discharger to streams    ;

to say that the State regulatory agency's standards are too :

low and requirements are too low.  I haven't heard that     {
                                                            |
very frequently.  I must say that.                          t
                                                            i
           MR. WILSON:  Mr. Chairman, you must bear in mind !

that these standards were established for three successive

zones of the river.

           The standard for this upper zone was established

as high as it is because of potential danger to the

Minneapolis City water supply, which comes from the pool

into which the North Suburban Sanitary Sewer District

proposes to discharge the effluent from a proposed sewage

treatment plant that has not been constructed.

-------
                                                      1244

                         T.  Tautgea




           MR. TAUTOES:  It  hasn't been —




           MR. STEIN:  Let him finish.




           MR. WILSON:  May  I finish?




           If this standard  is sustained by the courts,




then the North Suburban Sanitary Sewer  District will not




be able to go ahead with the construction of  its  sewage




treatment plant.




           Their proposal is that before too many years,




the capacity of their now pending connection which will



undoubtedly be made with the present Twin Cities system




will be exceeded by population growths.  They have projected j
                                                            i



a population that will run up to 100,000 or more in not      i

                                                            i


too many years in that area, at which time they contemplate ;
                                                            t


that this present arrangement, the capacity of it, will  be  j




exceeded, and then their proposal would be to construct  a



sewage treatment plant.



           Now, I think this ought to be pointed out.  If




at that time, when this condition occurs or is foreseen




eight or ten or fifteen years from now, whenever it is seen




that the population development of that fait-growing area




is in danger of overtaxing the capacity of this sewer




connection, the question of reviewing that standard can




immediately be brought before the Commission, and the




Commission can then make a decision upon the then existing

-------
                         T. Tautgee

conditions.  However, presently, this district Is contesting

the standards established by the Commission because it would

preclude them from constructing their sewage treatment plant
                                                             i
                                                             I
to outlet on the St. Anthony Falls Pool,  which would be     ;
                                                             i
                                                             i
cheaper than the works necessary to make a permanent connec- ,
                                                             i
tlon with the Twin Cities system.                            i

           Now, no one knows yet what is going to happen     ;
                                                             i
to that Twin Cities system until this comprehensive plan

required oy the Ashbach Bill is submitted to the Commission  •
                                                             i

next fall.                                                   ;
                                                             1
           It may be that that will include some proposal    ;

for the construction of parallel or enlarged or additional

trunk line sewers that will take care of the increased

sewage flow from this growing area.

           No one knows that yet, but, at any rate, as I

pointed out, the question of the reasonableness of these

present standards is now in court, and it will depend upon

the court proceedings.

           MR. STEIN:  Did you want to say something, sir?

           MR. TAUTGES:  There is one comment that I will

add:  That it is continually brought up that we will be

endangering the Minneapolis water supply system,  and 1

think there is no scientific basis that we would be

endangering the Minneapolis supply.

           "We would put our effluent down a mile and a

-------
                                                     1246
                         T.  Tsutges
half from the Minneapolis water intake,  and,  incidentally,
into the area of navigation  which has been opened up by
the opening of the new locks constructed at a cost of
$35 million by the Federal Government.
           There is no scientific proof that  there would  be
any recirculation in this so-called pool and  that we would
be endangering the Minneapolis water supply.   I think it
is purely an emotional thing that has been brought up,  and
is continually brought up by these sources.
           MR. STEIN:  This  is just for clarification of
the record.
           You said you were proposing to put your effluent
down.  I assume you mean downstream from —
           MR. TAUTGES:  Yes.  We were going  to build an
outfall line from the ptent.
           MR. STEIN:  Which will be a mile and a half
below their water intake?
           MR. TAUTGES:  That is correct.
           MR. STEIN:  I just wanted to clarify that.
           DR. HARGRAVES:  And into the pool  at St. Anthony.
           MR. WILSON:  Mr.  Chairman, that is on a level
slack-water pool.
           I don't want to take the time to argue with the
representative here about the merits of that  proposal.  All

-------
                                                    124?


                         T. Tautgea


I have to say is that under the law, the findings of the

Commission on that point are prlma facie reasonable and

valid, and the argument that the gentleman has Just made la

one for the attorneys of that district to make to the

court.

           MR. TAUTGES:  Well, since you raised it, I Just

wanted to give ray answer to it.

           MR. STEIN:  Thank you.

           MR. TAUTGES:  Are there any more questions?

           MR. STEIN:  Thank you very much.                  ,
                                                             I
           MR. TAUTGES:  Thank you.                          ;
                                                             i
           DR. HARGR/SVES:  I think the Commission has        !
                                                             i
considerable sympathy for this group, and this is also a     ;
                                                             i
difference in philosophy as to the use of the stream, as
                                                             j
to whether we should put effluent into sections that go      |

through both cities.  We are in hopes of cleaning it up as

we are the Minnesota River, because of parks and other

things that are along there.

           Communities do change their opinion as to what

is pollution and what is not, I think, depending upon the

area that is involved.

           We did spend all summer last year on this


problem, and probably we now are prejudiced, but I am sure

that we will try to give the North Suburban group the best

-------
                                                    1248
                         T.  Tautges

that we can and still consider the rest of the State.

           MR. STEIN:  Dr.  Hargraves,  a colloquy like  this

is most indicative of a healthy program to clean up pollu-

tion.  It is obvious that both parties here want to do what

is best, or what they consider best,  in getting clean  water.

           It is just a question of a  difference, and  this

is one of the areas.

           MR. WIISON:  That is very true, Mr. Chairman.

It is entirely probable, and this is one of the reasons

why the Commission is heartily in accord with the effort

being made by the Public Health Service to make this study.

Although a great deal of time was spent by the Commission's

engineers to the extent of the limit of their amall staff

in studying these conditions of the Mississippi River

bearing on this problem, we know that  they did not have

the means to do all that the Public Health Service can do.

           Although I am only attorney for the Commission,

I am sure that I can speak for them when I say that they

will welcome all the evidence that may be disclosed by the

Public Health Service that bears on this issue, and will

give It very thorough consideration.

           MR. STEIN:  All right.

           Mr. Smith?

           MR. SMITH:  Next on our list is the City of

-------
                                                      1249
Minneapolis.  Is the City Attorney or City Engineer here?

            (No response.)

           MR. SMITH:  I have a printed statement which they
                                                            !
left with us.  There are ten copies.                        I

           MR. STEIN:  Do you want this submitted for the   i
                                                            I
record as if read?                                          ;

           MR. SMITH:  For the record, certainly.
                                                            *
           DR. HARGRAVES:  If there is no objection.        !

           MR. MUEGGE:  As if read.

           MR. STEIN:  As if read.
           (The statement presented by the City of Minneapolis

is as follows:                                               I
                                                             i


                     CITY OP MINNEAPOLIS                     i
           Statement for Presentation at Federal and

             Interstate Conference on Pollution of

           Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minnesota

                       February 7, 1964



           The Minneapolis City Council at its regular

meeting of January 31, 196^, directed "Gordon Bodien and

Arvid Falk" to attend the "Conference on Interstate Pollution

of the Mississippi River, February 7, 196*4, St. Paul," and

-------
                                                       1250

that they be directed to prepare a statement outlining th«


general policy of the City of Minneapolis insofar as this


problem of pollution is concerned with reference to the


Mississippi River as it involves the City.


           As the largest city on the Upper Mississippi


River Watershed, the City of Minneapolis has long recognized


and exercised its responsibility in the control and abatement


of water pollution and the protection of the Metropolitan


Area's water resources.


           In 1933, as the culmination of an extensive


investigation of the pollution of the Mississippi River,  the


City of Minneapolis Joined with the City of Saint Paul as


the major participants in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul        i


Sanitary District.  The accomplishments of the Sanitary     j
                                                            i
                                                            t
District Include the engineering and construction of a major |


system of interceptor sewers and treatment works which set


the pattern of downstream pollution abatement and waste


treatment practices.  Beginning operation in 1938, the


Sanitary District's primary sewage treatment plant has


established an outstanding record of successful and efficient


operation, effecting a significant improvement in the past


downstream river conditions and maintaining reasonable levels


of water quality.


           In response to the surge of growth and development


experienced in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Ar««

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                                                       125 X
in the early 1950's, the Minneapolis-Ssint Paul Sanitary
District in 1956 embarked upon a coetly and extensive study
of the sewage works requirements of the metropolitan area.
With the preliminary investigation essentially completed in
June 1961, the District authorized a major expansion program
to the existing Pig's Eye Lake Sewage Treatment Plant.
This treatment plant expansion project, which has a total
estimated cost of $23,000,00"), is now under construction.
It includes additional capacity for the growth and develop-
ment of the two Central Cities as well as the contracted
suburban communities which comprise si sewered area nearly
double that of Minneapolis-Saint Paul proper.  In addition,
the new exparded treatment plant includes secondary treat-
ment which will accomplish levels of treatment substantially
higher than that presently attained.
           Supplementing the program of the Sanitary District
the City of Minneapolis has instituted Independent programs
which have benefited long-range water pollution control
objectives.  The City's program of replacing the original corr
bined sewer system with separate storm and sanitary sewers
has substantially reduced overflow of untreated sewage to the
river during times of rainfall and runoff.  Over the years,
approximately $1^,000,000 has been expended on this storm
water separation program.  An accelerated program has been
scheduled for the future years and these projects are being

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                                                    1252
constructed as rapidly as financial resources permit.
           The September I960 report of the engineering
consultants to the Sanitary District (Volume Three,  page
12-4) shows that of the 27,710 acres of sewered ar« in the
City of Minneapolis, 15,8^7 acres (or over 57#) was  served
by separate sanitary and storm sewers.  Work completed  since
this report was made, together with projects now being built,
will add approximately 2,800 acres served by separate  sewers,
increasing to over 6j% the total area having completely
separated sewers.  The conversion of substantial areas of
Minneapolis from a combined system to separate sewers  for
storm water and sanitary sewerage has made it possible for
Minneapolis to convey through its system of trunk sewers
and interceptors the sanitary sewage from surrounding  sub-
urban communities.  At the present time there are twenty-
seven suburbs and agencies that use or have made arrangements
to use the Minneapolis aewer system.                        j
           In the spring of 1962 the State of Minnesota,
through its Water Pollut_on Control Commission and State
Board of Health, held formal hearings proposing "classifica-
tion of the Mississippi River and its tributaries between
the Rum River and the St. Croix River and for the establish-
ment of Pollution Standards therefor."  The City Council
authorized Introduction of a statement favoring the proposed
classification.  Standards proposed for the section between

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                                                       1253

the Rum River and St. Anthony Fall* are essential to protect


the water supply of Minneapolis, St. Paul and the P^ bur ban


areas presently being served by the Minneapolis 5'jd Saint


Paul water plants.  The standards proposed for the section


between St. Anthony Falls and the Minns apolis-Saint Paul


Sanitary District plant "will when adopted and enforced be


of great benefit to the residents of the Metropolitan Area."


This stand, by the City of Minneapolis, in favor of the


classification and regulation of these two sections of the


Mississippi River was taken with full knowledge and under-


standing of the obligations it was assuming.


           In summary, the City of Minneapolis believes that j
                                                            *
                                                            i
its record of past accomplishments, its policy of continuing!

                                                            I
as rapidly as possible its storm sewer program, its coopera-i

                                                            !
tion with the State Legislature, the State Board of Health,


and the Water Pollution Control Commission and suburban


communities is a commendable one and Indicates clearly its


determination to improve the quality of the water in the


river.


                             CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS


                     /s/  By   Gordon E. Bodlen,


                               City Engineer


                    /a/   By   Arvid M. Fa Ik


                               Assistant City Attorney)
                            .. #                      GPO S78-465

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