5101
TEN
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Regulations and Standards
Washington, D.C. 20460
July 1980
Water
Temperature
810R80102
Water Quality Standards
Criteria Digest
A Compilation
of State/Federal Criteria
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TEMPERATURE
Water Quality Standards
Criteria Digest
A Compilation of State/Federal Criteria
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Washington, D. C. 20460
My
protection
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago. Winois 60604
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INTRODUCTION
This digest is compiled to provide general information to the public
as well as to Federal, State, and local officials. It contains
excerpts from the individual Federal-State water quality standards
establishing pollutant specific criteria for interstate surface
waters. The water quality standards program is implemented by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency where responsibility for
providing water quality recommendations, approving State-adopted
standards for interstate waters, evaluating adherence to the
standards, and overseeing enforcement of standards compliance, has
been mandated by Congress.
Standards, a nationwide strategy for surface water quality
management, contain three major elements: the use (recreation,
drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial, or
agricultural) to be made of the navigable water; criteria to protect
these uses; and an antidegradation statement to protect existing high
quality waters, from degradation by the addition of pollutants.
Water quality criteria (numerical or narrative specifications) for
physical, chemical, temperature, and biological constituents are
stated in the July 1976 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
publication Quality Criteria for Hater (OCW), available from the
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. The 1976 QCW, commonly
referred to as the "Red Book," is the most current compilation of
scientific information used by the Agency as a basis for assessing
water quality. This publication is subject to periodic updating and
revisions in light of new scientific and technical information.
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Temperature standards, which are the subject of this digest, are set
to control thermal pollution, or the amount of heated wastes
discharged into a water body. Thermal pollution creates adverse
conditions which can inhibit a balanced aquatic ecosystem by
accelerating the activity of aquatic plants, oxygen solubility and
depleting mechanisms, and taste and odor.
Quality Criteria for Water, used by EPA in evaluating State
temperature standards, recommends:
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For any time of year, there are two upper limiting temperatures for a
location (based on the important sensitive species found there at
that time):
1. One limit consists of a maximum temperature for short exposures
that is time dependent and is given by the species-specific
equation:
Temperature(°C)=lb[log-]o(time in minutes)-a]-2 Where:
a=intercept on the "y" or logarithmic axis of the line fitted to
experimental data which are available for some species from
Appendix II-C.NAS, 1974.
II
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h=slope of the line fitted to experimental data which are
available for some species from Appendix II-C, NAS, L(&$.
2. The second value is a limit on the weekly average temperature
that:
a. in the cooler months (mid-October to mid-April in the north and
December to February in the South) will protect against
mortality of important species if the elevated plume temperature
is suddenly dropped to the ambient temperature, with the limit
being the acclimation temperature minus 2°C when the lower
lethal threshold temperature equals the ambient water
temperature (in some regions this limitation may also be
applicable in summer); or
b. in the warmer months (April through October in the north and
March through November in the south) is determined by adding to
the physiological optimum temperature (usually for growth) a
factor calculated as one-third of the difference between the
ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature and the optimum
temperature for the most sensitive important species (and -
apropriate life state) that normally is found at that location
and time; or
c. during reproductive seasons (generally April through June and
September through October in the North and March through May and
October through November in the south) meets site-specific
requirements for successful migration, spawning, egg incubation,
fry rearing, and other reproductive functions of important
species. These local requirements should supercede all other
ill
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requirements when they are applicable; or
d. is a site-specific limit that is found necessary to preserve
normal species diversity or prevent appearance of nuisance
organisms.
Marine Aquatic Life
In order to assure protection of the characteristic indigenous marine
community of a water body segment from adverse thermal effects:
1. the maximum acceptable increase in the weekly average
temperature due to artificial sources is 1°C(1.8°F) during all
seasons of the year, providing the summer maxima are not
exceeded; and
2. daily temperature cycles characteristic of the water body
segment should not be altered in either amplitude or frequency.
Summer thermal maxima, which define the upper thermal limits for the
communities of the discharge area, should be established on a
site-specific basis. Existing studies suggest the regional limits
expressed in Table 18.
IV
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Table 18
Short term
maximum
Maximum
true day mean *
Sub-tropical Regions (south of 32.2°C (90°F)
Cape Canaveral and Tampa
Pay, Fla., and Hawaii)
29.4°C (85°F)
Cape Hatteras, N.C., to
Cape Canaveral, FT a.
32.2°C (90°F) 29.4°C (85°F)
Long Island (south shore)
to Cape Hatteras, N.C
30.6°C (87°F) 27.8°C (82°F)
True daily mean = average of 24 hourly temperature readings.
Baseline thermal conditions should be measured at a site where there
is no unnatural thermal addition from any source, which is in
reasonable proximity to the thermal discharge (within 5 miles) and
which has similar hydrography to that of the receiving waters at the
discharge.
Since water quality standards experience revisions and upgrading from
time to time, following procedures set forth in the Clean Water Act,
individual enties in this digest may be superceded. As these
revisions are accomplished and allowing for the States to revise
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their standards accordingly, this digest will be updated and
reissued. Recause this publication is not intended for use other
than as a general information resource, to obtain the latest
information and special purposes and applications, the reader needs
to refer to the current approved water quality standards. These can
be obtained from the State water pollution control agencies or the
EPA Regional Offices.
Induvidual State-adopted criteria follow:
VI
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Alabama: PWS - a. The maximum temperature in streams, lakes
and reservoirs other than those in river basins
listed in Part b. hereof shall not exceed 90°F.
b. The maximum temperatures in streams, lakes and
reservoirs in the Tennessee and Cahaba River Basins
and for that portion of the Tallapoosa River Basin
from the tail race of Thurlow Dam at Tallassee down-
stream to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa
Rivers which has been designated by the Alabama
Department of Conservation and Natural Resources as
supporting small mouth bass, sauger, and walleye shall
not exceed 86°F.
c. The maximum in-stream temperature rise above
ambient water temperature due to the addition of
artificial heat by a discharger shall not exceed 5°F
in streams, lakes and reservoirs in non-coastal and
non-estuarine areas.
d. The maximum in-stream temperature rise above
ambient water temperature due to the addition of
artificial heat by a discharger shall not exceed 4°F
in coastal or estuarine waters during the period
October through May nor shall the rise exceed 1.5°F
during the period June through September.
e. In lakes and reservoirs there shall be no
withdrawals from nor discharge of heated waters to
the hypolimnion unless it can be shown that such
discharge will be beneficial to water quality.
f. In all waters the normal daily and seasonal
temperature variations that were present before the
addition of artificial heat shall be maintained, and
there shall be no thermal block to the migration of
aquatic organisms.
g. Thermal permit limitations in State discharge
permits may be less stringent than those required by
criteria a. - d. hereof when a showing by the
discharger has been made pursuant to Section 316 of
P.L. 92-500 or pursuant to a study of an equal or
more stringent nature required by the State of
Alabama authorized by Table 22, Section 22-2-9(c),
Code of Alabama, 1975, that such limitations will
assure the protection and propogation of a balanced,
indigenous population of shellfish, fish and
wildlife, in and on the body of water to which the
discharge is made. Any such demonstration shall take
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Alabama (Cont'd)
Alaska
into account the interaction of the thermal discharge
component with other pollutants discharged.
Rec. - Same as PWS.
Agri. & Ind. - The maximum temperature rise above
natural temperatures before the addition of artifi-
cial heat shall not exceed 5°F in streams, lakes, and
reservoirs nor shall the maximum water temperature
exceed 90°F.
Shell. - Same as PWS.
Ind. Oper. - Same as Agri. & Ind.
F&WL - Same as PWS.
Navigation - Same as Agri. & Ind.
FRESH
Water Supply:
Drinking/Food Processing
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Shall not exceed 15°C.
Shall not exceed 30°C.
Shall not exceed 20°C at any
time. The following maximum
temperatures shall not be
exceeded where applicable:
Industrial
Water Recreation:
Primary Contact
Secondary Contact
Migration Routes - 15°C
Spawning Routes - 13°C
Rearing Areas - 15°C
Egg and Fry Incubation - 13°C
For all other waters, the weekly
average temperature shall not exceed
site specific requirements needed to
preserve normal species diversity or to
prevent appearance of nuisance
organisms.
- Shall not exceed 25°C.
of
Growth and Propagation
Fish, Shellfish, other
Aquatic Life, and Wildlife
including Water fowl and
Shall not exceed 30°C.
Not applicable.
Shall not exceed 20°C at any
time. The following maximum
temperatures shall not be ex-
ceeded where applicable:
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Alaska (Cont'd)
Furbearers:
MARINE
Water Supply:
Aquaculture
Migration Routes - 15°C.
Spawning Routes - 13°C.
Rearing Areas - 15°C.
Egg and Fry Incubation - 13°C.
For all other waters, the weekly
average temperature shall not exceed
site specific requirements needed to
preserve normal species diversity or to
prevent appearance of nuisance
organisms.
- Shall not cause the weekly average
temperature to increase more than
1°C. The maximum rate of change
shall not exceed 0.5°C per hour.
Normal daily temperature cycles
shall not be altered in amplitude or
frequency.
Seafood Processing - Shall not exceed 15°C.
Industrial - Shall not exceed 25°C.
Water Recreation:
Primary Contact
Secondary Contact
Growth and Propaga-
tion of Fish, Shell-
fish, other Aquatic
Life, and Wildlife,
including Seabirds,
Waterfowl and Fur-
bearers:
Harvesting for Con-
sumption of Raw
Mollusks or Other
Raw Aquatic Life:
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Shall not cause the weekly average
temperature to increase more than
1°C. The maximum rate of change
shall not exceed 0.5°C per hour.
Normal daily temperature cycles
shall not be altered in amplitude or
frequency.
Shall not cause the weekly average
temperature to increase more than
1°C. The maximum rate of change
shall not exceed 0.5°C per hour.
Normal daily temperature cycles
shall not be altered in amplitude or
frequency.
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Arizona:
93° max; not more than 5°F change.
Cold water fish. - November - March--55°F max. - not more than 2°F
change, April - October--70°F max. - not more than 2°F change.
Arkansas: Temperature - During any month of the year, heat shall not be added
to any stream in excess of the amount that will elevate the
temperature of the water more than 5°F, based upon the monthly
average of the maximum daily temperatures as measured at mid-depth
or 5 feet, whichever is less. In lakes and resevoirs, the
temperature shall not be raised more than 3°F above that which
existed before the addition of heat of artificial origin, based
upon the averrage of temperatures taken from surface to bottom, or
from surface to thermocl ine, if present. The maximum temperature
due to man-made causes shall not exceed 68°F in trout waters, 86 °F
in small mouth bass waters, or 90°F in all other waters except for
the following:
1. Red River - 93°F.
2. Kelley Bayou - 91°F.
3. Bayou Dorcheat - 91°F.
4. Ouachita River (State line to Remmel Dam) - 91°F.
5. Lake Catherine - 93°F.
6. Bayou Macon - 91°F.
7. Arkansas River - 93°F.
8. Dardanelle Reservoir (Segment 3E) - 95°F with 5°F maximum
increase.
9. White River (Mouth to Lock & Dan #1) - 93°F.
10. Spring River (Mouth to mouth of South Fork) - 93°F.
11. Little Missouri River (Mouth to mouth of Muddy Fork) - 93°F.
12. McKinney Bayou - 93°F.
The temperature requirements shall not apply to offstream or
privately-owned reservoirs constructed primarily for industrial
cooling purposes and financed in whole or in part by the entity
using the lake for cooling purposes.
California: (The following is condensed from the "California Thermal Water Quality
Control Plan for Control of Temperature in Coastal and Interstate
Waters and Enclosed Bays and Estuaries.")
The standards establish a complex set of thermal requirements. For
many categories of receiving waters, requirements differ between
"thermal waste" (herein "TW," defined as water used for transporting
waste heat) and "elevated temperature waste" (herein "ETW," defined as
any discharge, including thermal waste but excluding irrigation return
water, which exceeds the natural temperature of the receiving water.
1. Cold interstate waters. ETW's are prohibited.
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California (Cont'd) 2. Warm interstate waters.
A. TW's with temperature greater than 5°F above
receiving water temperature are prohibited.
B. ETW's shall not raise receiving water
temperature by more than 5°.
C. Colorado River. Maximum rise 5°F in river,
3°F in Lake Havasu. Maximum temperatures:
Jan 60° Jul 90°
Feb 65 Aug 90
Mar 70 Sept 90
Apr 75 Oct 82
May 82 Nov 72
June 86 Dec 65
D. Lost River. Maximum rise 2° up to 62°
maximum temperature.
3. Coastal waters.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with liinitiations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must be to open ocean away from the
shoreline, dispersion through the
vertical water column.
(2) ETW's away from areas of special
biological significance.
(3) TW's must have a maximum temperature not
exceeding water temperature by more than
20°.
(4) ETW's must not increase water temperature
more than 4° at (a) shoreline, (b)
surfaced beyond 1,000 feet from the
discharge system. Surface limits must be
maintained at least 50% of the tidal
cycle. Alternate objectives may be
specified if they assure full protection
of the aquatic environment. (May be
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California (Cont'd) specified only with State Board and EPA
concurrence.)
(5) Additional limitations may be imposed
when necessary to protect the aquatic
environment.
4. Enclosed bays.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with limitations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with limitations
necessary to protect beneficial uses.
Maximum discharge temperature must not
exceed receiving water temperature by
more than 20°.
(2) TW's with temperature greater than 4°
above receiving water temperature are
prohibited.
5. Estuaries.
A. Existing discharges.
(1) ETW's:
[a.] Temperature shall not exceed
receiving water temperature by more than
20°.
[b.] Must not, individually or combined,
create zone (receiving water temperatures
more than 1° above natural) which exceeds
25% of cross-sectional area of main
channel;
[c.] No discharge shall cause a surface
water temper ature rise greater than 4°F
above the natu ral temperature of the
receiving waters at any time or place.
[d.] Additional limits necessary to
protect beneficial uses.
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California (Cont'd) (2) TW's must comply with 5A(1) and their
maximum temperature must not exceed 86°.
B. New discharges.
(1) ETW's must comply with 5A(1).
(2) TW's with temperature greater than 4°
above receiving water temperature are
prohibited.
(3) Additional limits necessary to protect
beneficial uses.
General Provisions. Standards also contain general
provisions which include the following:
1. Authorization for additional individual
limitations to confine heat dispersion to a
1 1/2° isotherm in a minimal, defined area;
2. Prohibition of cumulative heat effects in
excess of the standards;
3. A requirement that the State Board designate
biologically significant areas for special
protection.
4. Authorization to make exceptions if:
A. The heat discharge will be beneficial;
B. Intermittent heat is the least harmful
method of control fouling organisms in
intake and discharge structures;
C. Compliance would cause a greater
environmental impact than modification of
the standards, or
D. Compliance by existing discharges would
not be commensurate with the benefit to
the aquatic environment.
NOTE: Exceptions will be made only with EPA
concurrence.
In addition, the following temperature objectives apply to
intrastate surface waters:
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California (Cont'd)
The natural receiving water temperature of intrastate
waters shall not be altered unless it can be demonstrated
to the satisfaction of the Regional Board that such altera-
tion in temperature does not adversely affect beneficial
uses.
At no time or place shall the temperature of any COLD water
be increased by more than 5°F above natural receiving water
temperature.
At no time or place shall the temperature of WARM intra-
waters be increased more than 5°F above natural receiving
water temperature.
Colorado:
Temperature maintains a normal pattern of diurnal and
seasonal fluctuations and does not change abruptly. No
warming discharge is permitted in the hypolimnion of lakes.
Temperature is not increased above 68°F. by any means other
than natural means, or is temperature increased in streams
and in the epilimnion of lakes or reservoirs more than 2°F.
by any discharge.
Temperature maintains a normal pattern of diurnal and
seasonal fluctuations and does not change abruptly. No
warming discharge is permitted in the hypolimnion of lakes or
reservoirs. Temperature is not increased above 90°F. by any
means other than natural means, or is temperature increased
by discharges in streams more than 5°F., and in the
epilimnion of lakes or reservoirs more than 3°F.
Temperature maintains a normal pattern of diurnal and
seasonal fluctuations and does not change abruptly. No
warming discharge is permitted in the hypolimnion of lakes.
Temperature is not increased above 68°F. by any means other
than natural means, nor is temperature increased in streams
and in the epilimnoin of lakes or reservoirs more than 2°F.
by any discharge.
Temperature maintains a normal pattern of diurnal and
seasonal fluctuations and does not change abruptly. No
warming discharge is permitted in the hypolimnion of lakes or
reservoirs. Temperature is not increased above 90°F. by any
means other than natural means, or is temperature increased
by discharges more than 5°F. in streams and more than 3°F. in
the epilimnoin of lakes or reservoirs.
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Connecticut:
Delaware:
District of Columbia:
Class A and AA (PWS) - No increase other than natural origin.
Class B (Rec.) - No increase to exceed recommended
Class C (F&WL) limits on most sensitive water use,
and in no case to exceed 4°F over
natural with a max. of 85°F.
Class SA (Shell.)
Class SB
(Restricted Shell
Class SC (Shell
- No increase to exceed recommended
limits on most sensitive water
) use, and in no case to exceed
83°F or raise normal temp of
receiving water more than 4°F.
During July, Aug., Sept. normal
temp of receiving water shall not
be raised more than 1.5°F.
General Criteria for all non-tidal portions of stream basir\s
(segments).
Any artificially induced rise shall not exceed 5°F
above the seasonal normal temperature or 85°F,
(29°C), whichever is less.
Specific criteria for all tidal portions of basins
except Delaware River and Cheasapeake and Delaware
Canal, but including the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware
Bay below RM 48.2 in addition to general criteria in
9A. Any repeated indicator/criteria found here
supersedes that of 9A.
Coastal and Estuarine waters: No heat may be added
except in designated mixing zones which would cause
temperatures to exceed 85°F, or which would cause the
temperatures to be raised by more than 4°F during
September through May, or to be raised by more than
1.5°F during June through August. The rate of tem-
perature change in designated mixing zones shall not
cause mortality of fish, shellfish, or their eggs.
Specific criteria for Delaware River (from PA. - DE.
Line, RM 78.8 to Listen Point RM 48.2) in addition to
the general criteria of 9A. Repeated indicator/
criteria here supersedes that of 9A.
No heat may be added except in designated mixing
zones which would cause temperature to exceed 86°F or
which would cause the temperature to be raised more
than 1.5°F during June through August. The rate of
temperature change in designated mixing zones shall
not cause mortality of fish or shellfish.
Not to exceed 90°F, 5°F change limit; no sudden or
localized temperature changes which may adversely
affect aquatic life.
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Florida: (3) All discharges or proposed discharges of heated
water into receiving bodies of water (RBW) which are
controlled by the state shall be subjected to a
thorough study to assess the consequences of the
dishcharge upon the environment. The state shall be
divided into two general climatological zones:
Peninsular Florida, which varies from tropical in
nature to temperate but is modified by the peninsular
configuration and is the area south of latitude 30°N
(excluding Gulf and Franklin Counties); and Northern
Florida which is temperate and continental and is the
area above latitude 30°N plus the portions of Gulf
and Franklin Counties which lie below 30°N.
(a) Heated water discharges existing on July 1,
1972:
(i) Shall not increase the temperature of the RBW
so as to cause damage or harm to the aquatic life or
vegetation therein or interfere with beneficial uses
assigned to the RBW.
(ii) Shall be monitored by the discharger to ensure
compliance with this rule, and
(iii) Shall be converted to offstream cooling or
approved alternative methods in the event such
monitoring produces evidence of substantial damage.
(b) Heated water sources proposed for future discharges
into RBW controlled by the state shall not increase the water
temperature by more than the monthly temperature limits
prescribed for the particular type and location of the RBW.
New sources shall include all expansions, modifications,
alterations, replacements or repairs which result in an
increase output of ten percent (10%) or more of the level
of energy production which existed on the date this rule
became effective. Water temperatures shall be measured by
procedures approved by the Florida Department of Pollution
Control (DPC). In all cases where a temperature rise above
ambient is allowed and a maximum RBW temperature is also
prescribed, the lower of the two limitations shall be the
control temperature.
(c) Definitions.
(i) Ambient (natural) temperature of a RBW is the
existing temperature of the receiving water at a
location which is unaffected by manmade thermal
discharges and a location which is also of a depth
and exposure to winds and currents which typify the
most environmentally stable portions of the RBW.
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Florida (Cont'd): (ii) Coastal waters shall be all waters In the
state which are not classified as fresh waters or as
open waters.
(iii) A cooling pond is a body of water enclosed by
natural or constructed restraints which has been
approved by the Florida DPC for purposes of control-
ling heat dissipation from thermal discharges.
(iv) An existing heat source is any thermal
discharge (a) which is presently taking place, or (b)
which is under construction or for which a construc-
tion or operating permit has been issued prior to the
effective date of this rule.
(v) Fresh waters shall be all waters of the state
which are contained in lakes and ponds, or are in
flowing streams above the zone in which tidal actions
influence the salinity of the water and where the
concentration of chloride ions is normally less than
1500 mg/1.
(vi) Open waters shall be all waters in the state
extending seaward from the most seaward 18-foot depth
contour line (three-fathom bottom depth contour)
which is offshore from any island; exposed or
submerged bar or reef; or mouth of any embayment or
estuary which is narrowed by headlands. Contour
lines shall be determined from Coast or Geodetic
Survey Charts.
(vii) The point of discharge (POO) for a heated
water discharge shall be primarily that point at
which the effluent physically leaves its carrying
conduit (open or closed), and discharges into the
waters of the state, or in the event it is not
practicable to measure temperature at the end of the
discharge conduit, a specific point designated by the
Florida Department of Pollution Control for that
particular thermal discharge.
(viii) Heated water discharges are the effluents
from commercial or industrial activities or processes
in which water is used for the purpose of transport-
ing waste heat, and which constitute heat sources of
one million British Thermal Units per hour
(1,000,000 BTU/HR.), or greater.
(d) Monthly and Maximum Temperature Limits
(i) Fresh Waters - Heated water with a temperature
at the POD more the 5°F higher than the ambient
(natural) temperature of any stream shall not be
discharged into such stream. At all times under all
conditions of stream flow the discharge temperature
shall be controlled so that at least two-thirds (2/3)
of the width of the stream's surface remains at
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Florida (Cont'd) ambient (natural) temperature. Further, no more than
one-fourth (1/4) of the cross-section of the stream
at a traverse perpendicular to the flow shall be
heated by the discharge. Heated water with a
temperature at the POD more than 3°F higher than the
ambient (natural) temperature of any lake or
reservoir shall not be discharged into such lake or
reservoir. Further no heated water with a tempera-
ture above 90°F shall be discharged into any fresh
waters in Northern Florida regardless of the ambient
temperature of the RBW. In Peninsula Florida, heated
waters above 92°F shall not be discharged into fresh
waters.
(ii) Coastal Waters - Heated water with a
temperature at the POD more than 2°F higher than the
ambient (natural) temperature of the RBW shall not be
discharged into coastal waters in any zone during the
months of June, July, August, and September. During
the remainder of the year, heated water with a
temperature at the POD more than 4°F higher than the
ambient (natural) temperature of the RBW shall not be
discharged into coastal waters in any zone. In
addition, during June, July, August, and September,
no heated water with a temperature above 92°F shall
be discharged into coastal waters during the period
October thru May.
(iii) Open Waters - Heated water with a temperature
at POD up to 17°F above ambient (natural) temperature
of the RBW may be discharged from an open or closed
conduit into open waters under the following
restraints: The surface temperature of the RBW shall
not be raised to more than 97°F and the POD must be
sufficient distance offshore to ensure that the
adjacent coastal waters are not heated beyond the
temperatures permitted in such waters.
(iv) Cooling Ponds - The temperature for heated
water discharged from a cooling pond shall be
measured at the POD from the pond, and the
temperature limitation shall be that specified for
the RBW.
(e) General.
(i) Daily seasonal temperature variations that were
normal to the RBW before the addition of heat from
other than natural causes shall be maintained.
(ii) Recapitulation of temperature limitations
prescribed above:
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ZONE
NORTH.
PENIN.
STREAMS
90°F Max.
AM. +5°F
92°F Max.
AM. +5°F
LAKES
90 °F Max.
AM. +3°F
92°F Max.
AM. +3°F
COASTAL
SUMMER
92°F Max.
AM. +2°F
92°F Max.
AM. +2°F
REMAINDER
90 °F Max.
AM. +4°F
90 °F Max.
AM. +4°F
OPEN
97 °F Max.
AM. +15°F
97 °F Max.
AM. +17°F
Georgia:
Guam:
Hawaii:
Idaho:
PWS - Not to exced 90.0° at any time and not to be
Rec. - increased more than 5°F above intake
F&WL - temperature. In streams designated by the
Shell.-State Fish and Game as trout or Small mouth Bass
waters, there shall be no elevation or depression of natural
stream temperature, except that secondary (put & take) Trout
waters can be elevated 2°F maximum above natural stream
temperature.
In estuarine waters, the increase will not be
more than 1.5°F.
PWS - 85°F max., 5°F change limit, 1.5°F hourly
change limit.
Rec. - 85°F.
F&WL - 1.5°F change limit from natural conditions.
Classes AA, A, B, 1 and 2 (all uses of coastal and tidal
waters) - Temperature of receiving waters shall not change
more than 1.5°F from natural conditions.
Warm Water Biota - Water temperatures of 33°C or less with a
maximum daily average not greater than 29°C.
Cold Water Biota - Water temperatures of 22°C or less with a
maximum daily average of no greater than 19°C.
Salmonid Spawning - Water temperatures of 13°C or less with a
maximum daily average no greater than 9°C.
The wastewater must not affect the receiving water outside
the mixing zone so that:
(1) The temperature of the receiving water or of downstream
waters will interfere with designated uses.
(2) Daily and seasonal temperature cycles characteristic of
the water body are not maintained.
(3) If the water is designated for warm water biota, the in-
duced variation is more than +2°C.
13
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Idaho (Cont'd)
Illinois:
(4) If the water is designated for cold water biota or salmonid
spawning, the induced variation is more than +1°C.
Temperature [STORE! number (f°) 00011 and (C°) 00010]:
(1) There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that
may adversely affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions.
(2) The normal daily and seasonal temperature fluctua-
tions that existed before addition of heat due to
other than natural causes shall be maintained.
(3) The maximum temperature rise above natural tempera-
tures shall not exceed 5°F.
(4) In addition, the water temperature at representative
locations in the main river shall not exceed the
maximum limits in the following table during more
than one percent of the hours in the 12-month period
ending with any month. Moreover, at no time shall
the water temperature at such locations exceed the
maximum limits in the following table by more than
3°F.
14
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JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUN. JUL. AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
Mississippi
River (Wise.
Border to
Iowa Border)
45° 45° 57° 68° 78° 85° 86° 86° 85° 75° 65° 52'
Mississippi
River (Iowa
Border to Alton 45° 45° 57° 68° 78° 86° 88° 88°
Lock and Dam)
86° 75° 65° 52
Mississippi
River (South
of Alton Lock 50° 50° 60° 70° 80° 87° 89° 89°
and Dam) (°F)
87° 78° 70° 57°
Ohio River (°F) 50° 50° 60° 70° 80° 87° 89° 89° 87° 78° 70° 57
Wabash River &
Its Interstate 50° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 90° 90°
Tributaries (°F)
90° 78° 70° 57°
Other Waters 60° 60° 60° 90° 90° 90° 90° 90° 90° 90° 90° 60°
Main River temperatures are temperatures of those
portions of the river essentially similar to and
following the same thermal regime as the temperatures
of the main flow of the river.
(5) The owner or operator of source of heated effluent
which discharges 0.5 billion British thermal units
per hour or more shall demonstrate in a hearing
before this Board not less than 5 nor more than 6
years after the effective date of these regulations
or, in the case of new sources, after the commence-
ment of operation, that dischrges from that source
have not caused and cannot be reasonably expected to
cause significant ecological damage to the receiving
waters. If such proof is not made to the satisfac-
tion of the Board appropriate corrective measures
shall be ordered to be taken within a reasonable time
as determined by the Board.
15
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Illinois (Cont'd) have not caused and cannot be reasonably expected to
cause significant ecological damage to the receiving
waters. If such proof is not made to the satisfac-
tion of the Board appropriate corrective measures
shall be ordered to be taken within a reasonable time
as determined by the Board.
(6) Permits for heated effluent discharges, whether
issued by the Board or the Environmental Protection
Agency, shall be subject to revision in the event
that reasonable future development creates a need for
real location of the assimilative capacity of the
receiving stream as defined in the regulation above.
(7) The owner or operator of a source of heated effluent
shall maintain such records and conduct such studies
of the effluents from such source and of their
effects as may be required by the Environmental
Protection Agency or in any permit granted under the
Environmental Protection Act.
(8) Appropriate corrective measures will be reqiured if,
upon complaint filed in accordance with Board rules,
it is found at any tim that any heated effluent
causes significant ecological damage to the receiving
stream.
(9) Deleted.
(10) All effluents to an artificial cooling lake must
comply with the applicable provisions of the thermal
water quality standards set forth in Rule 203(i),
except when all of the following requirements are
met:
(aa) All discharges from artificial cooling lake to
other waters of the State comply with the appli-
cable provisions of Rule 203(i)(l-4).
(bb) The heated effluent disahrged to the artificial
cooling lake complies with all other applicable
provisions of this Chapter, except Rule 203(i)
(1-4).
(cc) At an adjudicative hearing, the discharger shall
satisfactorily demonstrateto the Board that the
artificial cooling lake receiving the heated
effluent will be environmentally acceptable, and
within the intent of the Act, including, but not
limited to:
(1) provision of conditons capable of supporting
shellfish, fish, and wildlife, and recrea-
16
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Illinois (Cont'd) tional uses consistent with good management
practices, and
(2) control of the thermal component of the dis-
charger's effluent by a technologically fea-
sible and economically reasonable method.
(dd) The required showing in Rule 203(i)(10)(cc) may
take the form of an acceptable final environmen-
tal impact statement or pertinent provisions of
environmental assessments used inthe preparation
of the final environmental impact statement, or
may take the form of a showing purusant to
§316(a) of the FWPCA, which addresses the
requirements of Rule 203(i)(10)(cc).
(ee) If an adequate showing as provided in Rule
203(i)(10)(cc) is found, the Board shall promul-
gate specific thermal standards to be applied to
the discharge to that artificial cooling lake.
(11) Exceptions to Rule 203(1):
(aa) Lake Clinton:
The thermal discharge to Lake Clinton shall meet
the following standards and conditions:
(1) The effluent temperature shall not exceed
96°F.
(2) All conditions adopted by Board Order in PCB
75-31 (July 31, 1975).
(bb) Lake Sangchris:
The thermal discharge to Lake Sangchris shall
meet the following standards and conditions:
(1) The effluent temperature shall not exceed
99°F during more than seven'(7) percent of
the hours in the 12-month period ending with
any month and shall at no time exceed 111°F.
(cc) Lake Michigan:
Temperature (STORET numbers - (°F) 00011 and (°C) 00010):
(1) (A) All sources of heated effluents in
existence as of January!, 1971 shall
meet the following restrictions outside
of a mixing zone which shall be no
greater than a circle with a radius of
1,000 feet or an equal fixed area of
simple form.
17
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Illinois (Cont'd) (i) There shall be no abnormal tempera-
ture changes that may affect aquatic
life.
(ii) The normal daily and seasonal tem-
perature fluctuations that exitsted
before the addition of heat shall be
maintained.
(iii) The maximum temperature rise at any
time above natural temperatures
shall not exceed 3°F. In addition,
the water temperature shall not
exceed the maximum limits (°F)
indicated in the following table:
JAN. 45 JUL. 80
FEB. 45 AUG. 80
MAR. 45 SEPT. 80
APR. 55 OCT. 65
MAY 60 NOV. 60
JUNE 70 DEC. 50
(B) The owner or operator of a source of
heated effluent which discharges 0.5
billion British Thermal Units per hour
(BTU/HR.) or more shall demonstrate in a
hearing before this Board not less than
five nor more than six years after the
adoption of this regulation, that
discharges from that source have not
caused and cannot be reasonably expected
in the future to cause significant
ecological damage to the Lake. If such
proof is not made to the satisfaction of
the Board, backfitting of alternative
cooling devices shall be accomplished
within a reasonable time as determined
by the Board.
(C) The owner or operator of a source of
heated effluent shall maintain such
records and conduct such studies of the
effluents froms uch source and of their
effects as may be required by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency or in any
permit granted under the Environmental
Protection Act.
(D) Backfitting of alternative cooling
facilities will be required if, upon
complaint filed in accordance with Board
rules, it is found at any time that any
18
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Illinois (Cont'd) heated effluent causes significant
ecological damage to the Lake.
(2) Any effluent source under construction as of
January 1, 1971, but not in operation, shall
meet all the requirements of Section 1 of
this regulation and in addition shall meet
the following restrictions:
(A) Neither the bottom, the shore, the
hypolimnion, nor the thermocline shall
be affected by any heated effluent.
(B) No heated effluent shall affect spawning
grounds or fish migration routes.
(C) Discharge structures shall be so
designed as to maximize short-term
mixing and thus to reduce the area
significantly raised in temperature.
(D) No discharge shall exceed ambient
temperatures by more than 20°F.
(E) Heated effluents from more than one
source shall not interact.
(F) All reasonable steps shall be taken to
reduce the number of organisms drawn
into or against the intake.
(G) Cleaning of condensers shall be accom-
plished by mechanical devices. If
chemicals must be used to supplement
mechanical devices, the concentration at
the point of discharge shall not exceed
the 96-hour TLm for fresh water
organisms.
(3) (A) No source of heated effluent which was
not in operation or under construction
as of January 1, 1971, shall discharge
more than a daily average of 0.1 billion
BTU/Hr.
(B) Sources of heated effluents which
discharge less than a daily average of
0.1 billion BTU/Hr. not in operation or
under construction as of January 1,
1971, shall meet all requirements of
Sections 1 and 2 of this regulation.
Secondary Contact and Indigenous Aquatic Life Standards
19
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Illinois (Cont'd) Temperature (STORE! numbers - (°F) 00011 and (°C) 00010)
shall not exceed 93°F (34°C) more than 5% of the time, or
100°F (37.8°C) at any time.
Iowa: Warm water fish - 32°C maximum, 3°C increase in
streams and 2°C increase in lakes. l°C/hour rate of
change limit.
The allowable 3°C temperature increase criterion for warm
water interior streams, 16.3(3)"f"(l), is based in part on
the need to protect fish from cold shock due to rapid
cessation of heat source and resultant return of the
receiving stream temperature to natural background
temperature. On low flow streams, in winter, during certain
conditions of relatively cold background stream temperature
and relatively warm ambient air and groundwater temperature,
certain wastewater treatment plants with relatively constant
flow and constant temperature discharges will cause
temperature increases in the receiving stream greater than
allowed in 16.3(3)"f"(l).
During the period November 1 to March 31, for the purpose of
applying the 3°C temperature increase criterion, the minimum
protected receiving stream flow rate below such discharges
may be increased to not more than three times the rate of
flow of the discharge, where there is reasonable assurance
that the discharge is of such constant temperature and flow
rate and continuous duration as to not constitute a threat of
heat cessation and not cause the receiving stream temperature
to vary more than 3°C per day.
Cold water fish - 20°C maximum, 1°C /hour maximum rate of
change; 2°C maximum rise.
No heat shall be added to the Mississippi River that would
cause an increase of more than 3°C. The rate of temperature
change shall not exceed 1°C per hour.
In addition, the water temperature at representative
locations in the Mississippi river shall not exceed
the maximum limits in the below table during more
than one percent of the hours in the 12-month period
ending with any month. Moreover, at no time shall
the water temperature at such locations exceed the
maximum limits in the below table by more than 2°C.
Zone II--Iowa-Minnesota state line to the Northern
Illinois border (Mile Point 1534.6)
Zone Ill—Northern Illinois border (Mile Point
1534.6) to Iowa-Missouri state line.
20
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Iowa (Cont'd)
Month
Zone II
Zone III
Kansas:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
4°C
4°C
12°C
18°C
24 °C
29 °C
29 °C
29 °C
28 °C
23°C
14°C
9°C
7°C
7°C
14 °C
20 °C
26 °C
29 °C
30 °C
30 °C
29 °C
24 °C
18 °C
Man-made sources shall not elevate the temperature of the
receiving water above 90°F. Heat of artificial origin shall
not be added to a stream in excess of the amount that will
raise the temperature of the water more than 5°F above
natural conditions. The epilimnoin of lakes shall not be
raised more than 3°F above that temperature which existed
before the addition of heat of artificial origin. The normal
daily and seasonal temperature variations before the addition
of heat due to other than natural causes shall be maintained.
The measurement system used in each case shall provide for
temperature measurements which reflect the temperature
differential induced after a reasonable mixing zone. A zone
of passage for free-swimming and drifting aquatic biota shall
be provided for the water affected by each discharge.
Occasional natural thermal conditions may exceed the maximum
allowable temperature requirements. Deviations from
temperature requirements as a result of waste discharge shall
not be allowed without special permission.
Kentucky:
Temperature shall not exceed 31.7 degrees Celsius
(eighty-nine (89) degrees Fahrenheit);
(1) The normal daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations
that existed before the addition of heat due to other than
natural causes shall be maintained.
(2) The maximum temperature rise other than the effects of a
mixing zone shall not exceed the natural temperature by 2.8
degrees Celsius, (five (5) degrees Fahrenheit), with a
maximum rate of change not to exceed one (1) degree Celsius,
(1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), per hour. The department will
maintain guidelines for maximum daily average temperatures
based on available data. The department may determine that
deviations from these guidelines will be allowed upon the
submission of adequate supporting data on naturally occurring
21
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Kentucky (Cont'd) temperatures for a specific location. Furthermore, as a
guideline, the water temperature for all surface waters "
should not exceed the maximum limits shown in the following
table:
Table 1
Stream Maximum Temperature
for Each Month in °F and °C
Month °F °C
January 50 10.0
February 50 10.0
March 60 15.6
April 70 21.1
May 80 26.7
June 87 30.6
July 89 31.7
August 89 31.7
September 87 30.6
October 78 25.6
November 70 21.1
December 57 13.9
The allowable temperature increase in impounded waters shall be limited to 1.7 degrees
Celsius, (three (3) degrees Fahrenheit), above the natural seasonal norm.
Louisiana: The temperature standards enumerated in the tables,
in most cases, represent maximum values obtained from
existing data. However, in a few cases, a limited
number of unusually high temperatures in the range of
35°-36° have been deleted as it is felt that these
values were recorded during conditions of
unseasonably high temperatures and/or unusually low
flows or water levels, and, therefore, do not
represent normal maximum temperatures.•
In order to protect a diversified warm water biota
including game fish, the following temperature
criteria shall apply (except when natural conditions
cause the temperature to be raised above these
limits).
The standard shall consist of two parts, a
temperature differential and a maximum temperature.
The temperature differential represents a maximum
permissable rise above ambient conditions. There
shall be no addition of artificial heat once the
ambient temperature reaches the maximum temperature
specified in the standards.
22
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Louisiana (Cont'd) FRESH WATER - Temperature differential -
1) Maximum of 5°F (2.8°C) rise above ambient streams
and rivers.
2) Maximum of 3°F (1.7°C) rise above ambient for
lakes and reservoirs.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE - 90°F (32°C) except where
otherwise listed in the tables or due to natural
conditions.
ESTUARINE AND COASTAL WATERS - Temperature
differential -
1) Maximum of 4°F (2.2°C) rise above ambient during
the period October through May.
2) Maximum 1.5°F (0.83°C) during the period June
through September.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE - 95°F (35°C) except when natural
conditions elevate temperature above this level.
These temperature criteria shall not apply to
privately owned reservoirs, or reservoirs constructed
solely for industrial cooling purposes.
Maine Freshwater Thermal Discharges
No discharge of pollutants shall cause the ambient
temperature of any freshwater body, as measured outside a
mixing zone, to be raised more than 5°F or more than 3°F in
the epilimnion of any lake or pond. In no event shall any
discharge cause the temperature of any freshwater body to
exceed 84°F at any point outside a mixing zone established by
the board, nor shall such discharge cause the temperature of
any waters which presently are designed as trout or salmon
waters to exceed 68°F at any point outside a mixing zone
established by the board.
Tidal Water Thermal Discharges
23
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Maine (Cont'd)
Maryland:
Massachusetts:
No discharge of pollutants shall cause the monthly mean of
the daily maximum ambient temperatures in any tidal body of
water, as measured outside the mixing zone, to be raised more
than 4°F nor more than 1.5°F from June 1 to September 1. In
no event shall any discharge cause the temperature of any
tidal waters to exceed 85°F at any point outside a mixing
zone established by the board.
Water Contact Recreation and Aquatic Life - Not greater than
90°F, not greater than 5° above natural for general aquatic
life and wildlife.
Shellfish Harvesting Waters - Not greater than 4°F above
natural during September through May.
Not greater than 1.5°F above natural during June
through August for SHW (Shellfish Harvesting Waters).
Not greater than 68°F for NTW (natural troutwater).
Not greater than 75°F for RTW (recreational).
Nontidal Waters:
Trout waters - not to exceed 72 °F
other waters - not to exceed 93°F,
at any time. All
elevation of temperature not to exceed 20°F or 10°F
depending whether the natural water temperature is
below or above 50°F, respectively, with a maximum of
60°F and93°F, respectively.
Tidal Waters: 90°F max., same temperature change
limit as above with absolute max. temperature of 60°F
and 90°F.
For all waters not classified for F&WL, no adverse
temperature change and max. of 100°F.
Class A (excellent) No increase except where
temperature will not exceed the
Class B (Rec. F&WL) recommended limit on the most
sensitive receiving water use and
Class C (F&WL) in no case exceed 83°F in warm water
fish, and 68°F in cold water
fish, or in any case raise the
normal temperature more than
4°F.
All coastal and marine waters - no increase to exceed
limits on most sensitive water use.
Michigan
Temperature, general considerations.
24
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Michigan (Cont'd) (1) In all waters of the state, the
points of temperature measurement normally shall be in the
surface 1 meter, however, where turbulance, sinking plumes,
discharge inertia or other phenomena upset the natural
thermal distribution patterns of receiving waters,
temperature measurements shall be required to identify the
spatial characteristics of the thermal profile.
(2) Monthly maximum temperatures, based
on ninetieth percentile occurrence of natural water
temperatures plus the increase allowed at the edge of
the mixing zone and in part of long-term physio-
logical needs of fish, may be exceeded for short
periods when natural water temperatures exceed the
ninetieth percentile occurrence. Temperature
increases during these periods may be permitted by
the commission, but in all cases shall be greater
than the natural water temperature plus the increase
allowed at the edge of the mixing zone.
(3) Natural daily and seasonal tempera-
ture fluctuations of the receiving waters shall be
preserved.
Temperature, Great Lakes and connecting waterways.
(1) The Great Lakes and connecting waterways
shall not receive a heat load which would warm the receiving
water at the edge of the mixing zone more than 3 degrees
Fahrenheit above the existing natural water temperature.
(2) The Great Lakes and connecting water-
ways shall not receive a heat load which would warm
the receiving water at the edge of the mixing zone to
temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit higher than the
following monthy maximum temperatures:
(a) Lake Michigan north of a line due west from
the city of Pentwater:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 40 50 55 70 75 75 75 65 60 45
(b) Lake Michigan south of a line due west from
the city of Pentwater:
JFMAMJJASOND
45 45 45 55 60 70 80 80 80 65 60 50
(c) Lake Superior and the St. Marya River:
JFMAMJJASOND
38 35 39 46 53 61 71 74 71 61 49 42
25
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Michigan (Cont'd) JFMAMJJASOND
38 35 39 46 53 61 71 74 71 61 49 42
(d) Lake Huron north of a line due east from
Tawas Point:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 40 50 60 70 75 80 75 65 55 45
(e) Lake Huron south of a line due east from
Tawas Point, except Saginaw Bay:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 40 55 60 75 80 80 80 65 55 45
(f) Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay:
JFMAMJJASOND
45 45 45 60 70 75 80 85 78 65 55 45
(g) Lake St. Clair River:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 40 50 60 70 75 80 75 65 55 50
(h) Lake St. Clair:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 45 55 70 75 80 83 80 70 55 45
(i) Detroit River:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 45 60 70 75 80 83 80 70 55 45
(j) Lake Erie:
JFMAMJJASOND
45 45 45 60 70 75 80 85 80 70 60 50
Temperature: inland lakes, general standards.
Inland lakes shall not receive a heat load which would:
(a) Increase the temperature of the
thermocline or hypolimnion or decrease the volume
thereof.
(b) Increase the temperature of the
receiving waters at the edge of the mixing zone more
26
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Michigan (Cont'd) than 3 degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural
water temperature.
(c) Increase the temperature of the
receiving waters at the edge of the mixing zone to
temperatures greater than the following monthly
maximum temperatures:
JFMAMJJASOND
45 45 50 60 70 75 80 85 80 70 60 50
Temperature; inland lakes, anadromous salmonid migrations.
Warmwater inland lakes which serve as principal migratory
routes for anadromous salmonids shall not receive a heat load
during periods of migration at such locations and in a manner
which may adversely affect salmonid migration or raise the
receiving water temperature at the edge of the mixing zone
more than 3 degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural
water temperature.
Impoundments.
(1) River and stream standards as
prescribed by rule 1075 shall apply to all
impoundments.
(2) The commission shall determine, when
necessary, whether a body of water shall be
considered as an inland lake or an impoundmen for the
purpose of these rules. This determination shall be
made partially on the basis of aquatic life resources
to be protected.
Temperature, rivers and streams.
(1) Rivers and streams naturally capable
of supporting coldwater fish shall not receive a heat
load which would:
(a) Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at the edge of the mixing zone more
than 2 degrees Fahrenheit above the existing
natural water temperature.
(b) Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at the edge of the mixing zone to
temperatures greater than the following
monthly maximum temperatures:
27
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Michigan (Cont'd)
JFMAMJJASOND
38 38 43 54 65 68 68 68 63 56 48 40
(2) Rivers ad streams naturally capable
of supporting warmwaterfish shall not receive a heat
load which would warm the receiving water at the edge
of the mixing zone more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit
above the existing natural water temperature.
(3) Rivers and streams naturally capable
of supporting warmwater fish shall not receive a heat
load which would warm the receiving water at the edge
of the mixing zone to temperatures greater than the
following monthly maximum temperatures:
(a) Rivers and streams north of a line between
Bay City, Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon:
JFMAMJJASOND
38 38 41 56 70 80 83 81 74 64 49 39
(b) Rivers and streams south of a line between Bay City,
Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon, except the St.
Joseph River:
JFMAMJJASOND
41 40 50 63 76 84 85 85 79 68 55 43
(c) St. Joseph River:
JFMAMJJASOND
50 50 55 65 75 85 85 85 85 70 60 50
(4) Non-trout rivers and streams that serve as
principal migratory routes for anadromous sal mom" ds shall not
receive a heat load during periods of migration at such
locations and in a manner which may adversely affect salmonid
migration or raise the receiving water temperature at the
edge of the mixing zone more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit above
the existing natural water temperature.
28
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Minnesota: Fisheries and Recreation - Class A - Temperature - No
material increase.
Class B - Temperature - 5°F above natural in streams
and 3°F above natural in lakes, based on monthly
average of the maximum daily temperature, except in
no case shall it exceed the daily average temperature
of 86°F.
The following temperature criteria will be applicable
for the Mississippi River from Lake Itasca to the
outlet of the Metro Wastewater Treatment Works in St.
Paul in addition to or superceding the above. The
weekly average temperature shall not exceed the
following temperatures during the specified months:
January 40°F July 83°F
February 40°F August 83°F
March 48°F September 78°F
April 60°F October 68°F
May 72°F November 50°F
June 78°F December 40°F
For the Mississippi River from Lock and Dam No. 2 at
Hastings to the Iowa Border, the weekly average
temperature shall not exceed the following
temperatures during the specified months:
January 40°F July 84°F
February 40°F August 84°F
March 54°F September 82°F
April 65°F October 73°F
May 75°F November 85°F
June 84°F December 48°F
Class C - Temperature - 5°F above natural in streams
and 3°F above natural in lakes, based on monthly
average of the maximum daily temperature except in
no case shall it exceed the daily average temperature
of 90°F.
The following temperature criteria will be applicable
for the Mississippi River from the outlet of the
Metro Wastewater Treatment Works in St. Paul to Lock
and Dam No.2 at Hastings, in addition to our
superceding the above. The weekly average tempera-
ture shall not exceed the following temperatures
during the specified months:
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Minnesota (Cont'd)
Mississippi:
January
February
March
April
May
June
40°F
40 °F
48 °F
60 °F
72°F
78 °F
July
August
September
October
November
December
83 °F
83 °F
78°F
68 °F
50°F
40 °F
Public Water Supply, Recreation, Fish & Wildlife
Temperature: The maximum temperature rise above natural
temperatures before the addition of artificial heat shall not
exceed 50°F, in streams, lakes and reservoirs nor shall the
maximum water temperature exceed 90°F., except that in the
Tennessee River the temperature shall not exceed 86°F. In
lakes and reservoirs there shall be no withdrawals from or
discharge of heated waters to the hypolimnion unless it can
be shown that such discharge will be beneficial to water
quality. In all waters the normal daily and seasonal
temperature variations that were present before the addition
of artificial heat shall be maintained. The discharge of any
heated waste into any coastal or estuarine waters shall not
raise temperatures more than 4°F. above natural during the
period October through May nor more than 1.5°F. above natural
for the months June through September. There shall be no
thermal block to the migration of aquatic organisms.
Requirements for zones of passage as referenced in Section I
(8) shall apply. In addition to the general requirements of
Section I (2), the temperature shall be measured at a depth
of 5 feet in waters 10 feet or greater in depth; and for
those waters less than 10 feet in depth, temperature criteria
will be applied at mid-depth.
In those specific cases where natural conditions elevate the
temperatures in excess of the limits expressed herein,
Section I (3) shall apply on a case-by-case basis.
Shellfish Harvesting
Temperature: The discharge of any heated waste into any
coastal or estuarine waters shall not raise temperatures more
than 4°F above natural during the period October through May
nor more than 1.5°F. above natural for the months June
through September. There shall be no thermal block to the
migration of aquatic organisms. Requirements for zones of
passage as referenced in Section I (i) shall apply. In
addition to the general requirements of Section I (2), the
temperatures shall be measured at a depth of 5 feet in waters
10 feet or greater in depth; and for those waters less than
10 feet in depth, temperature criteria will be applied as
mid-depth. In all waters the normal daily and seasonal
temperature variations that were present before the addition
of artificial heat shall be maintained.
In those specific cases where natural conditions elevate the
temperatures in excess of the limits expressed herein,
Section I (3) shall apply on a case-by-case basis.
30
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Mississippi (Cont'd)
mid-depth. In all waters the normal daily and seasonal
temperature variations that were present before the addition
of artificial heat shall be maintained.
In those specific cases where natural conditions elevate the
temperatures in excess of the limits expressed herein,
Section I (3) shall apply on a case-by-case basis.
Missouri:
Beyond the mixing zones, effluents shall not elevate or depress the
temperature of the stream more than 5°F. The stream temperature shall
not exceed 90°F due to effluents.
Cold waters - Effluents shall not elevate or depress
the temperature of the stream more than 2°F, nor cause the
temperature to exceed 68°F.
Lakes and reservoirs - no measureable temperature increase
due to effluents. More restrictive criteria may be required
in individual cases, if it can be shown that significant
changes in natural biota are resulting.
For the Mississippi River, Zones 1A and 2, the water
temperature outside the mixing zone shall not exceed
the maximum limits indicated in the following table
during more than one percent of the time in any
calendar year. The Zone IB, table limits may not be
exceeded more than five percent of the time in a
calendar year. At no time shall the river tempera-
ture outside of 25% of the cross sectional area or
volume of the river exceed the listed limits by more
than 3 degrees F. Zone lA-Des Moines River to Lock
and Dam No. 25. Zone IB-Lock and Dam No. 25 to Lock
and Dam No. 26. Zone 2-Lock and Dam No. 26 to the
Missouri-Arkansas state line.
Zone 1A, IB Zone 2
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
45
45
57
68
78
50
50
60
70
80
Zone 1A, IB Zone 2
86
88
88
86
75
65
52
(°F)
87
89
89
87
78
70
57
The Commission will consider granting exceptions to
these limits. Environmental Protection Agency
concurrence will be obtained before an exception is
granted.
31
-------
Missouri (Contd'):
Montana:
The Commission will consider granting exceptions to
these limits. Environmental Protection Agency
concurrence will be obtained before an exception is
granted.
A-Closed No increase above naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed.
A-Open-D] A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 66°F; within the naturally
occurring range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge
is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 67 °F; and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5°F
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour
maximum decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32°F.
B-D] A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 66°F; within the naturally
occurring range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge
is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 65°F, and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5°F
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour
maximum decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32°F.
This applies to all waters in the state
classified B-D-j except for Prickly Pear Creek
from McClellan Creek to the Montana Highway No.
433 crossing where a 2°F maximum increase above
naturally occurring water temperature is allowed
within the range of 32°F to 65°F; within the
naturally occurring range of 65°F to 66.5°F, no
discharge is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 67°Fi and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5°F
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F.
32
-------
Montana (Cont'd): B-D2 A 1 °F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 66°F; within the natural
occuring range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge
is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 67°F, where the naturally
occurring water temperature is 66.5°F or
greater, the maximum allowable increase in water
temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32°F.
8-03 A 3°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 77°F; within the naturally
occurring range of 77°F to 79.5°F, no thermal
discharge is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 80°F, and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 79.5°F
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour
maximum decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32°F.
This applies to all waters in the state
classified 8-03, except from the Billings
water supply intake to the water diversion at
Intake, a 3°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 79°F; within the range of
79°F to 81.5°F, no thermal discharge is allowed
which will cause the water temperature to exceed
82°F, and where the naturally occurring water
temperature is 81.5°F or greater, the maximum
allowable increase in water temperature is
0.5°F.
From the water diversion at Intake to the North
Dakota state line, a 3°F maximum increase above
naturally occurring water temperature is allowed
within the range of 32°F to 82°F; within the
range of 82°F to 84.5°F, no thermal discharge is
allowed which will cause the water temperature
to exceed 85°F; and where the naturally
occurring water temperature is 84.5°F or
greater, the maximum allowable increase in water
temperature is 0.5°F.
33
-------
Montana (Cont'd): C-D-j A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 66°F; within the naturally
occurring range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge
is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 67°F; and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5°F
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour
maximum decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water
temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32°F.
D-D2 A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 32°F to 66°F; within the naturally
occurring range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge
is allowed which will cause the water
temperature to exceed 67 °F; and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5T
or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F per hour is
allowed when the water temperature is above
55°F, and a 2°F maximum decrease below naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within
the range of 55°F to 32°F.
E - F None
Nebraska: Cold Water Streams - 65°F max., 5°F change from natural
outside the mixing zone.
Warm water streams - 90°F max., 5°F change from natural
outside the mixing zone.
For impoundments, the epilimnion shall not be raised
more than 3°F above that which existed before the addition of
heat of artificial origin. No heated discharges to the
hypolimnion recommended unless, justified by special study.
Missouri River (Gavins Point Dam to Sioux City, Iowa)
- 85°F max., 4°F change from natural.
34
-------
Nevada: Max. summer values - 30°C to 20°C (varies with
stream). Max. winter values - 14°C (varies with stream).
(The most stringent value prevails).
A maximum allowable temperature increase above receiving
water temperatures is given for each major stream. See the
State standards for specific limits.
New Hampshire: Provisional maximum temperatures recommended as compatible
with the well-being of various species of fish and their
associated biota indigenous to waters of the Compact area
except where specific information may establish that these
temperature figures are not applicable in this region or its
subregions.
90°F Growth of largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides),
blue gill (Lepomis macrochirus) and black crappie
(Pomoxis nigromaculatus).
84°F Growth of yellow perch (Perca flavescens), white
perch (Roccus americana), small-mouth bass
(Micropterus dolomieu), walleye (Stizostedion
vitreum) and sauger (Stizostedion canadense).
80°F Spawning and egg development of catfish (Ictalurus
punctatus), yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis),
brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), chain pickerel
(Esox niger).
75°F Spawning and egg development of largemouth bass
(Micropterus salmoides).
68
°F Spawning and egg development of American shad (Alosa
sapidissima), growth or migration routes of
salmonids, growth of northern pike (Esox lucius) and
for egg development of white perch (Roccus
americana) and small-mouth bass (Micropterus
dolomieu).
55°F Spawning and egg development of brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta),
and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii).
48°F Spawning and egg development of lake trout
(Salvelinus namaycush), walleye (Stizostedion
vitreum), northern pike (Esox lucius), sauger
(Stizostedion canadense), salmon (Salmo salar) and
yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
35
-------
New Jersey: General Requirements: Temperature shall be measured outside
of designated heat dissipation areas (see Mixing Zone
Digest). The rate of temperature change in designated heat
dissipation areas shall not cause mortality of fish.
FW-1. Preserve natural conditions.
FW-2. (PWS) - Trout production - No change except 1°
rise where treated effluents are discharged.
Trout maintenance streams - 68°F maximum, 2° rise.
Reduction in temperature may be permitted where it can be
shown that trout will benefit without detriment to other
designated uses.
Trout maintenance lakes - No change unless shown
beneficial.
Non-trout - 86°F maximum. (82°F max. in yellow perch or
small mouth bass areas.) Max. change 5° in streams, 3° in
epilimnion of lakes. Unless a study shows that a heated
discharge into the hypolimnion or pumping water from the
hypolimnion will be desirable for designated water use, such
practices shall not be permitted.
FW-3. (F&WL, rec.) Same as FW-2.
TW-1. (Tidal: PWS, shellfish, rec.) Trout
maintenance streams - Same as FW-2.
Non-trout waters - 85°F max. (82° max. in yellow
perch areas); max. rise (measured against monthly
mean of daily max. temp.) 4° Sept-May, 1.5° June-Aug.
TW-2. (Secondary rec., fish maintenance.) - 85°F.
max., max. rise same as TW-1.
TW-3. (Nav., fish survival & passage) - Same as TW-2.
CW-1. (Ocean near shore: primary rec., F&WL) - No
direct heat additions. As a reult of any heat which may be
added elsewhere, max. rise shall be the same as TW-1. 80°F
max.
CW-2. (Ocean beyond CW-1) - 80° max., max. rise same as
TW-1.
Delaware River
Zone 1 (non-tidal to head of tide R.M. 133.4) 87°F max., 5°F
rise.
36
-------
New Jersey (Cont'd)
New Mexico
New York
Zone 2 (R.M. 133.4 to R.M. 108.4) 86°F max., 5°F rise.
Zone 3 (R.M. 108.4 to R.M. 95.0) same as Zone 2.
Zone 4 (R.M. 95.0 to R.M. 78.,8) same as Zone 2.
Zone 5 (R.M. 78.2 to R.M. 48.2) 86° max., 4°F rise - Sept. -
May, 1.5°F rise - June - Aug.
Zone 6 (R.M. 48.2 to R.M. 0.0 ATLANTIC OCEAN) 85°F max., rise
- same as Zone 5.
Temperature - Maximum temperatures for each stream reach have
been specified in Part G of these standards. However, the
introduction of heat by other than natural causes shall not
increase the temperature, as measured from above the point of
introduction, by more than 2.7°C (5°F) in a stream, or more
than 1.7°C (3°F) in a lake or reservoir. In no case will the
introduction of heat be permitted when the maximum
temperature specified for the reach [generally 20°C (68°F)
for cold water fisheries and 32.2°C (90°F) for warm water
fisheries] would thereby be exceeded. These temperature
standards shall not apply to impoundments constructed
offstream for the purpose of heat disposal. High water
temperatures caused by unusually high ambient air
temperatures or the reasonable operation of irrigation and
aquacultural facilities are not violations of these
standards.
Temperature
Trout Waters - 70°F max. within mixing zone, 2°F change
June-Sept., 50°F max., 5° change Oct-May.
Non-trout Waters - 90°F max, within mixing zone, 86°F max.,
5°F change.
Lakes - 3°F rise at surface; temperature rise confined to
epilimnion of stratified lakes, temperature lowering confined
to hypolimnion.
Coastal - 4°F change Oct-June, 1.5°F change July-Sept.
Estuarine - 90°F max. at surface within mixing zone, 83°F
max., 4° change, except July-Sept., if temp, naturally more
than 83°F then 1.5°F rise.
Enclosed Bays - Only naturally occurring temperature changes.
37
-------
North Carolina Class A-II (PWS) 5.04°F change limit, maximum of
Class B 84.2°F for the mountains and upper
Class C piedmont, maximum of 89.6°F for
lower piedmont and coastal plain.
Trout waters shall not exceed 68°
and shall not be increased by .9°F
as a result of the discharge of
heated liquids.
Class SA (Shell.)Allowable rise of 1.44°F during
Class SB June, July, and August. 3.96°F
Class SC remaining months.
Not to exceed 89.6°F due to the
discharge of heated effluents.
North Dakota 85°F maximum, allowable rise 5°F above natural.
Ohio Warmwater Habitat: (a) There shall be no water
temperature changes as a result of human activity
that cause mortality, long-term avoidance, exclusion
from habitat, or adversely affect the reproductive
success of representative aquatic species, unless
caused by natural conditions.
(b) At no time shall water temperature exceed a
monthly or bi-weekly average, or at any time exceed
the daily maximum temperature as indicated in Table
5b through 5j. The average and daily maximum
temperature standard shall apply and be measured
outside of a thermal mixing zone at any point on a
thermal mixing zone boundary as such is defined in
Rule 3745-1-06(B)(l) and (2) of the Ohio Administra-
tive Code.
Exceptional Warmwater Habitat and Coldwater Habitat:
Temperature - At no time shall the water temperature
exceed the temperature which would occur if there
were no temperature change attributable to man's
activities.
Seasonal Warmwater Habitat: At no time shall the
water temperature exceed the daily maximum
temperature as indicated in Table 5a.
38
-------
Ohio
(Cont'd)
Table 5a:
Seasonal daily maximum temperatures limitations for Seasonal
Warmwater Habitat. Shown as Degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Table 5b:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Daily Maximum
70(21,
70(21.
75(23.9)
80(26.7)
84(28.
89(31,
89(31,
89(31,
89(31,
84(28.
76(24.4)
70(21.1)
•1)
1)
•9)
•7)
•7)
.7)
•7)
•9)
TABLE 5
Temperature
General Ohio River Basin - includes all waters of the state within
the boundaries of the Ohio River basin, excluding those water
bodies or water body segments as designated in Table 5c through
5f, and Table 5a. Shown as degrees Fahrenheith and Celsius.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May June
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
47 47 51 54 59 65 67 70 74
(8.3) (8.3) (10.0) (12.2) (15.0) (18.3) (19.4) (21.1) (23.3)
52 52 56 59 65 70 73 76 80
(11.1) (11.1) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (21.1) (22.8) (24.4) (26.7)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-31 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
82 82 82 82 73 71 65 60 47
(27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (22.8) (21.7) (18.3) (15.6) (8.3)
85 85 85 85 78 76 70 65 52
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (25.6) (24.4) (21.1) (18.3) (11.1)
39
-------
Ohio Table 5c: Lower Great Miami River - Steele Dam in Dayton (River Mile 81.3)
(Cont'd) to the confluence with the Ohio River. Shown as degrees
Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May June
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 49 49 53 56 59 65 67 70 75
(9.4) (9.4) (11.9) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (19.4) (21.1) (23.9)
Daily
Maximum: 54 54 58 61 68 74 77 79 83
(12.2) (12.2) (14.4) (16.1) (20.0) (23.3) (25.0) (26.1) (28.3)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 85 85 85 85 78 71 66 63 49
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (25.6) (21.7) (18.9) (17.2) (9.4)
Daily
Maximum: 89 89 89 89 83 76 71 68 54
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (28.3) (24.4) (21.7) (20.0) (12.2)
Table 5d: Scioto River - Griggs Dam in Columbus (River Mile 136) to the
confluence with the Ohio River. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and
Celsius.
Jan.
1-31
47
(8.3)
Feb.
1-29
47
(8.3)
Mar.
1-15
51
(10.6)
Mar.
16-31
54
(12.2)
Apr.
1-15
59
(15.0)
Apr.
16-30
62
(16.7)
May
1-15
67
(19.4)
May
16-31
72
(22.2)
June
1-15
75
(23.9)
Average:
Daily
Maximum: 52 52 56 59 65 70 75 79 82
(11.1) (11.1) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (21.1) (23.9) (26.1) (27.8)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 83 83 83 83 75 71 65 58 47
(28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (23.9) (21.7) (18.3) (14.4) (8.3)
Daily
Maximum: 87 87 87 87 80 76 70 63 52
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (26.7) (24.4) (21.1) (17.2) (11.1)
40
-------
Ohio Table 5e: Hocking River - entire mainstem. Shown as degrees Farenheit and
(Cont'd) Celsius.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May June
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 45 45 51 56 59 65 67 70 74
(7.2) (7.2) (10.6) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (19.4) (21.1) (23.3)
Daily
Maximum: 50 50 56 61 66 70 73 76 80
(10.0) (10.0) (13.3) (16.1) (18.9) (21.1) (22.8) (24.4) (26.7)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 83 83 83 83 77 65 62 58 45
(28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (25.0) (18.3) (16.7) (14.4) (7.2)
Daily
Maximum: 87 87 87 87 82 70 67 63 50
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (27.8) (21.1) (19.4) (17.2) (10.0)
Table 5f: Muskingum River - entire mainstrem. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit
and Celsius.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May June
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 45 45 53 53 58 65 68 72 76
(7.2) (7.2) (11.7) (11.7) (14.4) (18.3) (20.0) (22.2) (24.4)
Daily
Maximum: 50 50 58 58 63 70 74 77 84
(10.0) (10.0) (14.4) (14.4) (17.2) (21.1) (23.3) (25.0) (28.9)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 85 85 85 85 80 73 67 62 47
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (22.8) (19.4) (16.7) (8.3)
Daily
Maximum: 87 87 87 87 80 76 70 63 52
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (29.4) (25.0) (22.2) (19.4) (11.1)
41
-------
Ohio Table 5g:
(Cont'd)
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Table 5h:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
General Lake Erie Basin - includes all surface waters of the state
within boundaries of the Lake Erie drainage basin, excluding those
water bodies as designated in Tables 5h through 5j, and Table 5a.
Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Jan.
1-31
Feb.
1-29
Mar.
1-15
Mar.
16-31
Apr.
1-15
Apr. May
16-30 1-15
May
16-31
June
1-15
44 44 48 51 54 60 64 66 72
(6.7) (6.7) (8.9) (10.6) (12.2) (15.6) (17.8) (18.9) (22.2)
49 49 53 56 61 65 69 72 76
(9.4) (9.4) (11.7) (13.3) (16.1) (18.3) (20.6) (22.2) (24.4)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
82 82 82 82 75 67 61 54 44
(27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (23.9) (19.4) (16.1) (12.2) (6.7)
85 85 85 85 80 72 66 59 49
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (22.2) (18.9) (15.0) (9.4)
Maumee River - Ohio-Indiana state line Maumee River estuary.
Shown as degrees Fahrenheit Celsius.
Jan.
1-31
Feb.
1-29
Mar.
1-15
Mar.
16-31
Apr.
1-15
Apr. May
16-30 1-15
May
16-31
June
1-15
45 45 47 53 58 61 67 70 75
(7.2) (7.2) (8.3) (11.7) (14.4) (16.1) (19.4) (21.1) (23.9)
50 50 52 58 63 68 72 76 80
(10.0) (10.0) (11.1) (14.4) (17.2) (20.0) (22.2) (24.4) (26.7)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. -Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
85 85 85 85 80 71 65 58 45
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (21.7) (18.3) (14.4) (7.2)
89 89 89 89 85 76 70 63 50
(31.7) "(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (29.4) (24.4) (21.1) (17.2) (10.0)
42
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Ohio Table 5i
(Cont'd)
Maumee Bay - includes all waters of the state known as Maumee Bay
including the Maumee River estuary and the estuary portions of all
tributaries entering Maumee Bay to the mean Lake Erie mean high
water level. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Table 5j:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Daily
Average:
Jan.
1-31
47
(8.3)
52
(11.1)
June
16-30
83
(29.3)
87
(30.6)
Feb.
1-29
47
(8.3)
52
(11.1)
July
1-31
83
(28.3)
87
(30.6)
Mar.
1-15
48
(8.
53
(11.
Aug.
1-31
83
(28.
87
(30.
9)
7)
3)
6)
Mar.
16-31
50
(10.0)
54
(12.2)
Sept.
1-15
83
(28.3)
87
(30.6)
Sandusky Bay - includes all
Bay including the Sandusky
of all tributaries entering
high water level. Shown as
Jan.
1-31
47
(8.3)
52
(ll.D
June
16-31
83
(28.3)
87
Feb.
1-29
47
(8.3)
52
(11.1)
July
1-31
83
(28.3)
87
Mar.
1-15
48
(8.
53
(11.
Aug.
1-31
83
(28.
87
9)
7)
3)
Mar.
16-31
50
(10.0)
55
(12.8)
Sept.
1-15
83
(28.3)
87
Apr.
1-15
52
(11.1)
59
(15.0)
Sept.
16-30
75
(23.9)
80
(26.7)
Apr.
16-30
57
(13.9)
63
(17.2)
Oct.
1-15
69
(20.6)
74
(23.3)
May
1-15
61
(16.
66
(18.
1)
9)
Oct.
16-31
64
(17.
69
(20.
8)
6)
May
16-31
65
(18.3)
76
(24.2)
Nov.
1-30
59
(15.0)
64
(17.8)
June
1-15
71
(21.7)
77
(25.0)
Dec.
1-31
47
(8.3)
52
(11.1)
waters of the state known as Sandusky
River estuary and the estuary portions
Sandusky Bay to the Lake Erie mean
degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Apr.
1-15
52
(H.l)
57
(13.9)
Sept.
16-30
75
(23.9)
80
Apr.
16-30
57
(13.9)
62
(16.7)
Oct.
1-15
69
(20.6)
74
May
1-15
63
(17.
68
(20.
2)
0)
Oct.
16-31
64
(17.
69
8)
May
16-31
68
(20.0)
73
(22.8)
Nov.
1-30
59
(15.0)
64
June
1-15
74
(23.3)
79
(26.1)
Dec.
1-31
47
(8.3)
52
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (26.7) (23.3) (20.6) (17.8) (11.1)
-------
Ohio Table 1: Daily average temperatures of thermal mixing zones at corresponding
(Cont'd) ambient temperatures as required in Section (B)(l) of this rule.
Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Ambient- Daily Average Ambient- Daily Average
Temperature-°F(°C) °F(°C) Temperature-°F(°C)
32(0)
33(0.6)
34(1.1)
35(1.7)
36(2.2)
37(2.8)
38(3.3)
39(3.9)
40(4.4)
41(5.0)
42(5.6)
43(6.1)
44(6.7)
45(7.2)
46(7.8)
47(8.3)
LAKE ERIE
50(10.0)
50(10.0)
50(10.0)
50(10.6)
52(11.1)
54(12.2)
55(12.8)
57(13.9)
58(14.4)
60(15.6)
62(16.7)
63(17.2)
65(18.3)
66(18.9)
68(20.0)
70(21.1)
Temperature:
48(8.9)
49(9.4)
50(10.0)
51(10.6)
51(11.1)
53(11.7)
54(12.2)
55(12.8)
56(13.3)
57(13.9)
58(14.4)
71(21.7)
73(22.8)
75(23.9)
76(24.4)
78(25.6)
79(26.1)
81(27.2)
83(28.3)
85(29.4)
86(30.0)
88(31.1)
59(15) and above - daily
average limit will be determined
on a case-by-case basis pursuant
to Rule 3745-l-06(B)(l) and (2)
(a) There shall be no
water temperatu
changes as a result of human activity that cause
mortality, long-term avoidance, exclusion from habitat,
or adversely affect the reproductive success of repre-
sentative aquatic species, unless caused by natural
conditions.
(b) At no time shall water temperature exceed a monthly
or bi-weekly average, or at any time exceed the daily
maximum temperature as indicated in Table 7a and 7b.
The average and daily maximum temperature standards
shall apply and be measured outside of a thermal mixing
zone at any point on a thermal mixing boundary at
44
-------
Ohio
(Cont'd)
Table 7a:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Average:
Dai ly
Maximum:
Table 7b:
Average:
Daily
Average:
depths greater than three feet, as defined in Rule
3745-l-ll(B)(2)(a) and (b) of the Ohio Administrative
Code.
(c) The temperature of the hypolimnetic waters of Lake
Erie shall not exceed at any time a daily maximum as
indicated in Table 7c.
Lake Erie Western Basin - includes the area of Lake Erie west of a
line drawn from Pelee Point, Canada to Scott Point on Catawba
Island. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Jan.
1-31
35
(1.7)
June
16-30
Feb.
1-29
38
(3.3)
July
1-31
Mar.
1-15
39
(3.9)
Aug.
1-31
Mar.
16-31
45
(7.2)
Sept.
1-15
Apr.
1-15
Apr. May
16-30 1-15
May
16-31
June
1-15
53 59 65 75
(11.7) (15.0) (18.3) (23.9)
51 56 64 72 78
(10.6) (13.3) (17.8) (22.2) (25.6)
Sept.
16-30
Oct.
1-15
Oct.
16-31
Nov.
1-30
Dec.
1-31
80 83 83 78 76 66 60 53
(26.7) (28.3) (28.3) (25.6) (24.4) (18.9) (15.6) (11.7)
83 85 85 83 81 71 65 58 46
(28.3) (29.4) (29.4) (28.3) (27.2) (21.7) (18.3) (14.4) (7.8)
Lake Erie Central Basin - includes the area of Lake Erie east of a
line drawn from Pelee Point, Canada to Scott Point on Catawba
Island to the Pennsylvania-Ohio state line. Shown as degrees
Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Jan.
1-31
-
Feb.
1-29
-
Mar.
1-15
-
Mar.
16-31
-
Apr.
1-15
43
(6.1)
Apr.
16-30
53
(11.7)
May
1-15
59
(15.0)
May
16-31
63
(17.2)
June
1-15
75
(23.9)
35 38 39 45
(1.7) (3.3) (3.9) (7.2)
48 56 63 72 78
(8.9) (13.3) (17.2) (22.2) (25.6)
45
-------
Ohio June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
(Cont'd) 16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 80 83 83 76 71 66 58 48
(26.7) (28.3) (28.3) (24.4) (21.7) (18.9) (14.4) (8.9)
Daily
Maximum: 83 85 85 81 76 71 63 53 46
(28.3) (29.4) (29.4) (27.2) (24.4) (21.7) (17.2) (11.7) (7.8)
Table 7c: Seasonal daily maximum temperature limitations for the hypolim-
netic regions of Lake Erie. Shown as degrees fahrenheit and
celcius.
Month Daily Maximum
January 44 (6.7)
February 44 (6.7)
March 44 (6.7)
April 47 (8.3)
May 51 (10.6)
June 54 (12.2)
July 59 (15.0)
August 59 (15.0)
September 55 (12.8)
October 46 (7.8)
November 41 (5.0)
December 38 (3.3)
46
-------
Ohio Table 7d:
(Cont'd)
Daily average temperatures of thermal mixing zones at corre-
sponding ambient temperatures as required in Section (B)(l) of
this rule. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Daily Average
Daily Average
Ambient
32(0)
33(0.6)
34(1.1)
35(1.7)
36(2.2)
37(2.8)
38(3.3)
39(3.9)
40(4.4)
41(5.0)
42(5.6)
43(6.1)
44(6.7)
45(7.2)
Table 7e:
Average:
Daily
Maximum:
Temperature
41(5.0)
41(5.0)
43(6.1)
45(7.2)
46(7.8
48(8.9)
50(10.0)
52(11.1)
53(11.7)
55(12.8)
57(13.9)
59(15.0)
61(16.1)
62(16.7)
Ambient Temperature
46(7.8) 65(18.3)
47(8.3) 66(18.9)
48(8.9) 68(20.0)
49(9.4) 70(21.1)
50(10.0) 71(21.70
51(10.6) 73(22.8)
52(11.1) 75(23.9)
53(11.7) 77(25.0)
54(12.2) 78(25.6)
55(12.8) 80(26.7)
56(13.3) 82(27.2)
57(13.9) 84(28.9)
58(14.4) 86(30.0)
59(15) and above - daily
average limit will be determined
on a case-by-case basis.
Lake Erie Excepted Areas - includes all water of Lae designated in
Division (C) of this rule, excluding Maumee Bay and Sandusky Bay,
Tables 5i and 5j. Temperatures within mixing zones shall comply
with Table 1.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar.
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31
_
52 52 55 55
Apr. Apr. May May June
1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
_
59 63 66 76 82
(11.1) (11.1) (12.8) (12.8) (15.0) (17.2) (18.9) (24.4) (27.8)
-------
Ohio
(Cont'd)
June July
16-31 1-31
Aug.
1-31
Sept.
1-15
Sept. Oct.
16-30 1-15
Oct. Nov.
16-31 1-30
Dec.
1-31
Average: 84 84 84 84 -----
(28.9) (28.9) (28.9) (28.9)
Daily
Maximum: 88 88 88 88 84 75 70 65 55
(31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (28.9) (23.9) (21.1) (18.3) (12.8)
Ohio River
Temperature: Maximum rise above natural temperature
shall not exceed 5 deg. F, in addition the allowable
maximum temperature during a month shall not exceed:
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
Temperature
deg. F
50
50
60
70
80
87
Month
July
August
September
October
November
December
Temperature
deg. F
89
89
87
78
70
57
Mahoning River Basin
Water temperature shall not exceed the maximum limits
in the above table during more than one percent of the
hours in the 12-month period ending with any month, at
no time shall the water temperature at such locations
exceed the maximum limits in the table by more than 3
deg. F.
The Mahoning River upstream of the Leavittsburg Dam and
all tributaries except the Little Squaw Creek down-
stream of Highway 1-80, Mines Run downstream of
Lowellville Road, Mosquito Creek downstream of Federal
Street in Niles, the last 200 yards of Yellow Creek.
For Aquatic Life (Warmwater Fishery)
Temperature: (a) No abnormal temperature changes that
may affect aquatic life unless caused by natural
conditions.
(b) The maximum temperature shall not exceed natural
temperatures by more than 5°F provided that at no time
shall they exceed those indicated in the following
table:
48
-------
Ohio Maximum Temperature In Peg. F. During Month
(Cont'd)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Qct Nov Dec
50 50 60 70 80 90 90 90 90 78 70 57
Lower Mahoning River
Mile Points from Mouth
Beginning Ending
1 Leavittsburg Dam to Main St. in Warren 46.08 38.08
2 Main St. in Warren to the Lowellville Dam 38.08 12.81
3 Lowellville Dam to the Ohio-Pa state line 12.81 11.61
(3) CERTAIN TRIBUTARIES TO WHICH THIS REGULATION APPLIES ARE:
(a) Mosquito Creej from Federal Street in Miles to its mouth
(b) Little Squaw Creek from Highway 1-80 to its mouth
(c) Hines Run, from Lowellville Road to its mouth
(d) Yellow Creek, the last 200 yards to its mouth
For General Aquatic Life (warmwater fishery)
Temperature: (i) No abnormal temperature changes that
adversely effect aquatic life.
(ii)At no time shall the temperature exceed those values
indicated in the following table:
Maximum Temperature in Peg. F. During Month
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
56 56 62 71 80 90 90 90 90 78 69 58
For Industrial Water Supply
Temperature: Not to exceed 100°F
49
-------
Ohio Lower Cuyahoga River
(Cont'd)
In that portion of the Cuyahoga River extending from the
confluence of the Cuyahoga River and Big Creek to the mouth
of the Cuyahoga River, at no time shall water temperature
exceed the maximum temperatures indicated in the following
table.
Deg. F.
Deg. C.
Oklahoma:
Jan
53
11.7
Feb
53
11.7
Mar
63
17.2
Apr
73
22.8
May
83
28.3
June
95
35.0
July
95
35.0
Aug
95
35.0
Sept
95
35.0
Oct
83
28.3
Nov
73
22.8
Dec
60
15.5
Oregon:
At no time shall heat be added to any stream in excess of
the amount that will raise the temperature of the receiving
water more than 5°F. In streams, temperature determina-
tions shall be made by averaging representative temperature
measurements of the cross sectional area of streams at the
end of the mixing zone.
In lakes, the temperature of the water column and/or
epilimnion, if thermal stratification exists, shall not be
raised more than 3°F above that which existed before the
addition of heat of artificial origin, based upon the
average of temperatures taken from surface to the bottom or
surface to the bottom of the epilimnion, if stratified.
The normal daily and seasonal variations that were present
before the addition of heat from other than natural sources
shall be maintaned. The maximum temperature due to
man-made causes shall exceed 68°F in trout streams and
lakes except in the segment of Arkansas River from Kaw
Reservoir to the headwaters of Keystone Reservoir where
maximum temperature shall not exceed 94°F.
No artificial heat shall be added such that the receiving
water temperature exceeds the maximums specified above.
Privately owned lakes and reservoirs used in the process of
cooling water for industrial purposes, are not classified
as waters of the State, (See Appendix C) and are exempt
from these temperature restrictions, provided the water
released from any such lake or reservoir into a stream
system shall meet the water quality standards of the
receiving stream.
(Since the numerical limits of this standard differ among the 19
river basins, these limits have been left blank to avoid
confusion.) No measurable increases shall be allowed outside of
the assigned mixing zone, as measured relative to a control point
immediately upstream from a discharge when stream temperatures
are °F or greater, or more than 0.5°F increase due to a single
source discharge when receiving water temperatures are °F or
50
-------
Oregon (Cont'd)
less, or more than 2°F increase due to all sources combined when
stream temperatures are °F or less, except for specifically
limited duration activities which may be authorized by DEQ under
such conditions as DEQ and the Department of Fish and Wildlife
may prescribe and which are necessary to accomodate legitimate
uses or activities where temperatures in excess of this standard
are unavoidable and all practical preventive techniques have been
applied to minimize temperature rises. The Director shall hold a
public hearing when a request for an exception to the temperature
standard for a planned activity or discharge will in all
probability adversely affect the beneficial uses.
The present temperature values given below are to be placed in the
blanks in the preceding language.
North Coastal-Lower Columbia Basin
Mid Coast Basin
Umpqua Basin
South Coast Basin
Rogue Basin
Willamette Basin
Multnomah Channel and Main Stem of
Willamette River (mouth to R.M. 50)
Willamette River (Newberg to R.M. 187)
All other Willamette Basin streams:
Salmonid
Non-Salmonid
Columbia River
Sandy Basin
Main Stem Columbia River (R.M. 120-147)
All other Basin Waters
Hood Basin
Columbia River (R.M. 147-203)
Other Hood River Basin streams
Deschutes Basin
Columbia River (R.M. 203-218)
Other Deschutes River Basin streams
John Day Basin
Umatilla Basin
Walla Walla Basin
Grand Ronde Basin
Powder Basin
Malheur River Basin
Malheur Lake Basin
Goose and Summer Lakes Basin
Goose Lake
68, 67.5, 66
64, 63.5, 62
58, 57.5, 56
64, 63.5, 62
58, 57.5, 56
70, 69.5, 68
64, 63.5, 62
58, 57.5, 56
64, 63.5, 62
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
58, 57.5, 56
68, 67.5, 66
58, 57.5, 56
68, 67.5, 66
58, 57.5, 56
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
68, 67.5, 66
Daily average
temperatures shall
not exceed 70°F, or
the daily mean
ambient air temp-
erature, which-
ever is greater.
51
-------
Oregon (Cont'd) All other Waters 68, 67.5, 66
Klamath Basin
Salmonid 58, 57.5, 56
Non-Salmonid 72, 71.5, 70
Pennsylvania: Temp-] No rise when ambient temperature is 58°F or
above, not more than 5°F rise above ambient
temperature until stream temperature reaches
58°F; not to be changed by more than 2°F during
any one-hour period.
Temp2 No rise when ambient temperature is 87°F or
above; not more than a 5°F rise above ambient
temperature until stream temperature reaches
87°F; not to be changed by more than 2°F during
any one-hour period.
Temps For the period 2/15 to 7/31, no rise when
ambient temperature is 74°F or above; not more
than 5°F rise above ambient temperature until
stream temperature reaches 74°F, not to be
changed by more than 2°F during any one-hour
period; for the remainder of the year, no rise
when ambient temperature is 87°F or above, not
more than a 5°F rise above ambient temperature
until stream temperature reaches 87°F, not to be
changed by more than 2°F during any one-hour
period.
Temp4 Not to exceed the following temperatures in the
month indicated:
Month Temperature, °F
January 56
February 56
March 62
April 71
May 80
June 90
July 90
August 90
September 90
October 78
November 69
December 58
Temp5 Not more than 5°F above the average daily
temperature during the 1961-66 period, which
is shown below, or a maximum of 86°F,
whichever is less.
52
-------
Pennsylvania (Cont'd)
Average Daily Temperature
1961-1966
(Temperatures may be interpolated)
Delaware Estuary, Head
of Tide to River Mile
108,4 (about 1 mile
below Pennypack Creek)
Date
January 1
February 1
March 1
April 1
May 1
June 1
July 1
August 1
September 1
September 1
October 1
November 1
December 1
December 15
37
35
38
46
58
71
79
81
78
76
70
59
46
40
Temps
Delaware Estuary, River
Mile 108.4 (about 1 mile
below Pennypack Creek)
to Big Timber Creek
41
35
38
46
58
71
79
81
79
77
70
61
50
45
Delaware Estuary, from
Big Timber Creek to
Pennsylvania-Delaware
State Line
42
36
40
47
58
72
80
81
78
76
70
60
50
45
Not more than 5°F rise above the ambient
temperatures until stream temperatures reach
50°F, nor more than 2°F rise above ambient
temperature when temperatures are between 50°F
and 58°F, nor shall temperatures exceed 58°F.,
whichever is less except in designated heat
dissipation areas.
53
-------
Pennsylvania (Cont'd): Tempy As a guideline, the maximum length of heat
dissipation areas shall not be longer than 3,500
feet measured from the point where the waste
discharge enters the stream. The width of heat
dissipation areas shall not exceed two-thirds the
surface width measured from shore to shore at any
stage of tide or the width encompassing
one-fourth the cross-sectional area of the
stream, whichever is less. Within any one heat
dissipation area only one shore shall be used in
determining the limits of the area. Where waste
discharges are close to each other, additional
limitations may be prescribed to protect stream
uses. Controlling temperatures shall be measured
outside the heat dissipation area. The rate of
temperature change in the heat dissipation area
shall not cause mortality of the fish.
Temps As a guideline, the maximum length of heat
dissipation areas shall not be longer than 3,500
feet or 20 times the average stream width,
whichever is less, measured from the point where
the waste discharge enters the stream. Heat
dissipation areas shall not exceed one-half the
surface stream width or the width encompassing
one-half of the entire cross-sectional areas of
the stream, whichever is less. Within any one
heat dissipation area, only one shore shall be
used in determining the limits of the area.
Where waste discharges are close to each other,
additional limitations may be prescribed to
protect water uses. Controlling temperatures
shall be measured outside the heat dissipation
zone. The rate of temperature change in
designated heat dissipation areas shall not cause
mortality of the fish.
Tempg As a guideline, the maximum length of heat
dissipation areas shall not be longer than 1,000
feet or 20 times the average width of the stream,
whichever is less, measuring from the points
where the waste discharge enters the stream.
Heat dissipation areas shall not exceed one-half
the surface stream width or the width
encompassing one-half of the entire
cross-sectional area of the stream, whichever is
less. Within any one heat dissipation area, only
one shore shall be used in determining the limits
of the area. Where waste discharges are close to
each other, additional limitations may be
prescribed to protect water uses. Controlling
temperatures shall be measured outside the heat
dissipation zone. The rate of temperature change
in designated heat dissipation areas shall not
cause mortality of the fish.
54
-------
Puerto Rico: SA - 94°F max., No heat may be added which causes monthly
arithmetic means of the maximum daily temperature of
any site to be exceeded by more than 1.5°F.
SB - No discharge or combination of discharges shall be
injurious to fish or shellfish or the culture or
propagation of a balanced indigenous population (nor
in any way affect desired use.)
SC - Thermal discharges shall be confined to the
epilimnetic layer of stratified lakes.
SD - The rate of temperature change shall not exceed 1°F
per hour and not exceed a total of 5°F in any 24 hour
period except from natural causes.
Rhode Island: Class A (Excellent) - no increase from other than natural
causes.
Class B (Rec.) - Only such increases that will not impair
any usages specifically assigned to this
class. The temperature increase shall not
raise the temperature of the receiving
waters above the recommended limit on the
most sensitive receiving water use and in
no case exceed 83°F. In no case shall the
temperature of the receiving water be
raised more than 4°F. Heated discharges
into designated trout habitats shall not
raise the temperature above 50°F during
October to 15 June nor greater than 54°F,
15 June through September.
Class C (F&WL) - Only such increases that will not impair
any usages specifically assigned to this
Class or causes the growth of unfavorable
species of biota.
Class D (Nav, Power) - No case exceed 90°F.
Class SA(Shell.) ) no increase over the recom-
Class SB(Bathing) ) mended limits for the most
Class SC(Shell.habitat) ) sensitive use nor exceed 83°F
or raise the normal tempera-
ture more than 1.5°F June 15
through Sept. or 4°F Oct.
through June 15.
55
-------
South Carolina: AA - Trout - not above natural conditions: All other fresh
waters - 90°F max., 5°F rise. All fresh water lakes
limited to same maximum temperatures and 5°F rise. Tidal
waters - 4°F rise during fall, winter and spring, 1.5°F
rise during summer.
South Dakota: Cold water permanent fish - 65°F max.
Cold water marginal fish - 75°F max.
Warm water permanent fish - 80°F max.
Warm water semipermanent - 90°F max.
Warm water marginal fish - 90°F max.
Temperature change in fish life propagation waters. No
discharge or discharges shall affect the temperature by
more than 4°F in streams classified for the beneficial use
of cold water permanent, cold water marginal, or warm water
permanent fish life propagation; by more than 5°F in
streams classified for the beneficial use of warm water
semipermanent or warm water marginal fish life propagation;
or by more than 3°F in lakes or impoundments classified for
the beneficial use of fish life propagation. Exceptions to
this criterion may be granted by the Board if such
discharge will not impair the beneficial use of fish life
propagation. In addition, the maximum incremental
temperature shall not exceed 2°F per hour. There shall be
no induced temperature change over spawning beds.
Fish & Aquatic Life - Same as above with: The temperature
of recognized trout waters shall not exceed 20°C. There
shall be no abnormal temperature changes that may affect
aquatic life unless caused by natural conditions.
Irrigation - The temperature of the water shall not be
raised or lowered to such an extent as to interfere with
its use for irrigation purposes.
Livestock Watering and Wildlife and Navigation - The
temperature of water shall not be raised or lowered to such
an extent as to interfere with its use for "livestock
watering and wildlife." (Same with "navigation"
substituted.)
Texas The temperature limitations are intended to be applied with
judgement and are applicable to the waters specifically
identified herein with the qualifications enumerated in
Section VIII. Temperature standards are composed of two
parts, a maximum temperature and a maximum temperature
differential attributable to heated effluents.
56
-------
Texas (Cont'd)
Utah:
Vermont:
Natural high temperatures, in excess of 96°F, occur
regularly in Texas waters during the summer months. For
example, 2.3% of United States Geological Survey
measurements made during the summer months on the Double
Mountain Fork of the Brazos River near Aspermont, Texas,
during the period 1958 through 1971 exceeded 96°F. It is
consequently concluded that the 90°F maximum temperature
suggested by the National Technical Advisory Committee is
not applicable to Texas conditions.
Fresh Water Streams:
Maximum Temperature
Maximum Temp. Diff.
Fresh Water Impoundments:
Maximum Temperature
Maximum Temp. Diff.
See Table for Specific Waters
5°F rise over ambient
See Table for Specific Waters
3°F rise over ambient
Tidal River Reaches, Bay and Gulf Waters:
Fall,Winter,Spring
Maximum Temp. Diff.
Maximum Temperature
4°F
95 °F
Summer
1.5°F
95 °F
See Standards for segment Max. Temperature.
Cold water fish - 20°C max., 2°C change limit.
Warm water fish - 27°C max., 4°C change limit.
Non-Game Fish - on case-by-case basis.
Class A - (PWS) - As naturally occurs.
Class B and C (levels of rec. and F&WL) - temperature by
"water type."
Type I(natural trout) - 1°F max. rise.
Type II(trout) - 1°F max. rise.
Type III(warmwater fish):
Max. River Temp.
Above 66°F
63-66°F
59-62°F
55-58°F
Below 55°F
Max. Rise
1°
2°
3°
4°
5°
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Vermont (Cont'd) Type IV(trout lakes) - 1° max. rise. No withdrawal from or
discharge to hypolimnion except withdrawals from PWS or
water quality enhancement.
Type V(other lakes)
Max. Lake Temp. Max. Rise
Virginia:
MAJOR
CLASS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
**
***
Above 60°F
60-50°F
Below 50°F
Provision for hypolimnion as Type IV.
1°
2°
3°
RISE ABOVE
NATURAL*
4.0(Sept.-May)
1.5(June-Aug.)
4.0(Sept.-May)
1.5(June-Aug.)
°F
MAXIMUM
90
HOURLY
CHANGE
OR OTHER DESCRIPTION
OF WATERS
Open Ocean (Seaside of the
Land Mass)
Estuarine Tidal Water -
Coastal Zone to Fall Line)
Free Flowing Streams (Coastal
Zone and Piedmont Zone to the
Crest of the Mountains)
Mountainous Zone
Put and Take Trout Waters
Natural Trout Waters
Natural temperature is that temperature of a body of water due
solely to natural conditions without the influence of any
point-source discharges.
The maximum hourly temperature change of 2°F is to apply beyond
the boundaries of mixing zones and does not apply to temperatures
caused by natural conditions.
Any rise above natural temperature to be allowed by the Board
shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, but in no instance
shall exceed 5°F.
5
5***
5***
87
70
68
2
2
2
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Virgin Islands: Thermal policy
(a) Fish and other aquatic life shall be protected from
thermal blocks by providing for a minimum 75 percent stream
or estuarine cross-section and/or volumetric passageway,
including a minimum of one half of the surface as measured
from water edge to water edge at any stage of tide.
(b) In non-passageway the surface water temperature shall
not exceed 90°F.
(c) No heat may be added except in designated mixing
zones which would cause temperatures to exceed 90°F, or
which would cause the monthly mean of the maximum daily
temperature at any site, prior to the addition of any heat,
to be exceeded by more than 1.5°F.
(d) No discharge or combination of discharges shall be
injurious to fish or shellfish or the culture or
propagation of a balanced indigenous population thereof.
(e) Rate of temperature change outside the maxing zone
shall not be more than 1°F per hour nor to exceed 5°F in
any 24-hour period except when natural phenomena cause
these limits to be exceeded.
(f) Unless specific conditions such as spawning ground,
migratory routes, or other sections of conditions from
these regulations are applicable, the maxing zone should be
defined by a sphere with a specified point as the center
(not necessarily the outfall but limited to one point for
each installation) and a radius equal to the square root of
the volume of discharge (A) expressed as millions of
gallons per day, times 200 feet (radius of mixing zone),
and in no case exceed 3/4 mile.
Washington: Class AA (Extraordinary)
Water temperatures shall not exceed 16.0° Celsius
(freshwater) or 13.0° Celsius(marine water) due to human
activities. Temperature increases shall not, at any time,
exceed t = 23/(T+5) (freshwater) or t - 8/(T-4) (marine
water).
When natural conditions exceed 16.0° Celsius (freshwater)
and 13.0° Celsius (marine water), no temperature increase
will be allowed which will raise the receiving water
temperature by greater than 0.3° Celsius.
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Washington(Cont'd)
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone, and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this water
classification outside of any dilution zone.
Provided that temperature increase resulting from nonpoint
source activities shall not exceed 2.8° Celsius, and the
maximum water temperature shall not exceed 16.3° Celsius
(freshwater). * •
Class A (Excellent)
Water temperatures shall not exceed 18.0° Celsius
(freshwater) or 16.0° Celsius (marine water) due to human
activities. Temperature increases shall not, at any time,
exceed t = 28/(T + 7) (freshwater) or t = 12/(T - 2)
(marine water).
When natural conditions exceed 18.0° Celsius (freshwater)
and 16.0° Celsius (marine water), no temperature increase
will be allowed which will raise the receiving water
temperature by greater than 0.3° Celsius.
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone, and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this water
classification outside of any dilution zone.
i\ '^
Provided that temperature increas^ resulting from nonpoint
source activities shall not exceecF2.8f Celsius, and the
maximum water temperature shall not exceed 18.3° Celsius
(freshwater).
Class B (Good)
Temperature - water temperatures shall not exceed 21.0°
Celsius (freshwater) or 19.0° Celsius (marine water) due to
human activities. Temperature increases shall not, at any
time, exceed t = 34/(T+9) (freshwater or t - 16/T (marine
water). '
When natural conditions exceed 21.0° Celsius (freshwater
and 19.0° Celsius (marine water), no temperature increase
will be allowed which will raise the receiving water
temperature by greater than 0.3° Celsius.
60
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Washington(Cont'd)
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone, and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this water
classification outside of any dilution zone.
Provided that temperature increase resulting from nonpoint
source activities shall not exceed 2.8° Celsius, and the
maximum water temperature shall not exceed 21.3° Celsius
(freshwater).
Class C (Fair)
\o
Temperature - water temperatures shall not exceed 24.0'
Celsius (freshwater) or 22.0° Celsius (marine water) due to
human activities. Temperature increases shall not, at any
time, esceed t = 39/(T+ll) (freshwater) or t = 20/(T+2)
(marine water).
When natural conditions exceed 24.0° Celsius (freshwater)
and 22.0° Celsius (marine water), no temperature increase
will be allowed which will raise the receiving water
temperature by greater than 0.3° Celsius.
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone; and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this water
classification outside of any dilution zone.
Lake Class
No measurable change from natural conditions.
Wisconsin Temperature Standards for Fish and Aquatic Life
1. There shall be no temperature changes that may
adversely affect aquatic life.
2. Natural daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations
shall be maintined.
3. The maximum temperature rise at the edge of the mixing
zone above the existing natural temperature shall not
exceed 5°F for streams and 3°F for lakes.
4. The temperature shall not exceed 89°F for warm water
fish.
Streams classified as trout waters by the Department of
Natural Resources (Wisconsin Trout Streams. Publication
213-720) shall not be altered from natural background by
effluents that influence the stream environment to such an
extent that trout populations are adversely affected.
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Wisconsin (Cont'd)
There shall be no significant artificial increases in
temperature where natural trout reproduction is to be
protected.
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior thermal standards. For
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior the following thermal
standards are established so as to minimize effects on the
aquatic biota in the receiving waters.
(l)(a) Thermal-discharges shall not raise the receiving
water temperature more than 3°F above the existing natural
temperature at the boundary of mixing zones established in
paragraphs (b) and (c).
(b) 1. The mixing zone for a shoreline thermal discharges
shall be the area included within the perimeter of a
rectangular figure extending 1,250 feet in both directions
along the shoreline from the outfall and 1,250 feet into
the lake.
2. The mixing zone for an offshore thermal discharge shall
be the area within a 1,000 foot radius circle with its
center at the point of discharge.
(c) The department may, upon request from the owner of a
source of thermal discharge, adjust the boundaries of the
mixing zone established in paragraph (b) for that source.
In no case may any mixing zone so established include an
area greater than 72 acres nor may it include more than
2,800 feet of shoreline.
(2) In addition to the limitation set forth in subsection
(1), but excepting the Milwaukee Harbor, Port Washington
Harbor and the mouth of the Fox River, thermal discharges
to Lake Michigan shall not raise the temperature of the
receiving waters at the boundary of the established mixing
zone above the following limits.
January 45°F May 60°F
February 45° June 70°
March 45° July 80°
April 55° August 80°
September 80° November 60°
October 65° December 50°
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Wisconsin (Con'd)
Mississippi river thermal standards. In addition to the
standards for fish and aquatic life, the monthly average of
the maximum daily temperature in the Mississippi River
outside the mixing zone shall not exceed the following
limits:
January 40°F July 84°
February 40° August 84°
March 54° September 82°
April 65° October 73°
May 75° November 58°
June 84° December 48°
Review of thermal standards. (1) Whenever the owner of
any source of thermal discharges that existed on or before
July 31, 1975, in compliance with department guidelines and
after opportunity for public hearing, can demonstrate to
the satisfaction of the department that the mixing zone
established pursuant to this chapter is more stringent than
necessary to assure the protection and propagation of a
balanced, indigenous population of shellfish, fish and
wildlife in and on the receiving water, the department may:
(a) Impose a mixing zone with respect to such thermal
discharge that will assure the protection and propagation
of such a population, or
(b) Exempt such thermal discharge from the thermal
requirements, of this chapter provided this exemption will
not endanger the propagation of such a population.
(2) Any owner desiring a review pursuant to NR 102.07 (1)
shall submit a demonstration to the department no later
than June 30, 1976. The department shall reach a decision
no later than December 31, 1976.
(3) In the event the owner fails to make a satisfactory
demonstration pursuant to NR 102.07(1), the department
shall establish as compliance date for the thermal
component to be achieved no later than July 1, 1979.
(4) Whenever the owner of any source of thermal discharges
that commenced on or after August 1, 1975, in compliance
with department guidelines and after opportunity for public
hearing, can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
department that the mixing zone established pursuant to
this chapter is more stringent than necessary to assure the
protection and propagation of a balanced, indigenous
population of shellfish, fish and wildlife in and on the
receiving water, the department may:
63
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Wisconson (Cont'd)
(a) Impose a mixing zone with repect to such thermal
discharge that will assure the protection and propagation
of such a population, or
(b) Exempt such thermal discharge from the thermal
requirements of this chapter provided this exemption will
not endanger the propagation of such a population.
(5) In the event an owner fails to make a satisfactory
demonstration pursuant of NR 102.07 (4), the discharge
shall be in compliance with the thermal requirements of
this chapter upon commencement of the discharge.
(6) The department may require the reduction of thermal
discharges or the size and configuration of a mixing zone
if it finds that environmental damage is imminent or
existent.
West Virginia Temperature rise shall be limited to no more than 5°F above
natural temperature, not to exceed 87°F at any time during
months of May through November and not to exceed 73°F at
any time during months of December through April.
Wyoming a. For Class I, II and III water effluent attributable to
or influenced by the activities of man shall not be
discharged in amounts which change natural ambient water
temperatures to levels which are deemed to be harmful to
existing aquatic life.
b. For impoundments and waters designated by the Wyoming
Game and Fish Department as cold water fisheries effluent
attributable to or influenced by the activities of man
shall not be discharged in amounts which will result in a
change of more than 2 degrees F (1.1 degree C) in existing
temperatures.
c. For waters designated by the Wyoming Game and Fish
Department as warm water fisheries effluent attributable to
or influenced by the activities of man shall not be
discharged in amounts which will result in a change of more
than 4 degrees F (2.2 degrees C) in existing temperatures.
d. The maximum allowable stream temperatures will be the
maximum daily stream temperatures plus the allowable
change, provided that this temperature is not lethal to
existing fish life, which is considered to be 78 degrees F
(25.6 degrees C) in the case of cold water fisheries and 90
degrees F (32.2 degrees C) in the case of warm water
fisheries.
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Wyoming (Cont'd)
American Samoa
e. With the exception of the provisions of Section lOd and
12 of these regulations, temperature standards shall apply
at all times and at all depths of the receiving water and
may not be violated at any time or at any depth.
f. In all waters supporting warm and/or cold water fish
there shall be no induced temperature change over spawning
beds. For questions concerning the location of spawning
beds the Wyoming Game and Fish Department shall be the
final authority.
g. The various requirements of this Section may be waived
only under the provisions of Section 316(a) of the Federal
Act.
The temperature shall not deviate more than 1.5°F from
conditions which would occur naturally and shall not hourly
fluctuate more than 1.0 degrees Fahrenheit nor exceed 85
degrees Fahrenheit due to the influence of other than
natural causes.
Trust Territories Public or Domestic Water Supply - temperature from other
than natural causes shall not exceed 85°F, and there shall
not be more than 5°F increase nor more than a 1.0°F hourly
temperature variation due to thermal discharges or
reservoir manipulation.
Recreation - shall not exceed 85°F due to influence of
other than natural conditions.
Propagation of Fish and other Aquatic Life - shall not
deviate from natural conditions by more than 1.5°F, nor
hourly deviate by more than 1.0°F.
65
*U 8 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980 311-132/89
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Environmental Protection Agency
JRfigion V, Library
230 South Dearborn Street
OM^O. Illinois 60604
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