5101
DES
United States
Environmental Protection
Agencv
Office of Water
Regulations and Standards
Washington, D.C. 20460
July 1980
810R80104
Water
Designated Uses
Water Quality Standards
Criteria Digest
A Compilation
of State/Federal Criteria
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DESIGNATED USES
Water Quality Standards
Criteria Digest
A Compilation of State/Federal Criteria
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Washington, D. C. 20460
1980
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"i, ,
U.S. Environmental ^rofectfoV Agency
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INTRODUCTION
This digest is compiled to provide general information to the public
as well as to Federal, State, and local officials. It contains
excerpts from the individual Federal-State water quality standards
establishing pollutant specific criteria for interstate surface
waters. The water quality standards program is implemented by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency where responsibility for
providing water quality recommendations, approving State-adopted
standards for interstate waters, evaluating adherence to the
standards, and overseeing enforcement of standards compliance, has
been mandated by Congress.
Standards, a nationwide strategy for surface water quality
management, contain three major elements: the use (recreation,
drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial, or
agricultural) to be made of the navigable water; criteria to protect
these uses; and an antidegradation statement to protect existing high
quality waters, from degradation by the addition of pollutants.
Water quality criteria (numerical or narrative specifications) for
physical, chemical, temperature, and biological constituents are
stated in the July 1976 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
publication Quality Criteria for Water (QCW), available from the
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. The 1976 QCW, commonly
referred to as the "Red Book," is the most current compilation of
scientific information used by the Agency as a basis for assessing
water quality. This publication is subject to periodic updating and
revisions in light of new scientific and technical information.
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Through their water quality standards, a State must establish stream
use designations which will reflect the goals of the Clean Water Act.
Once established, the use must be maintained by means of the criteria
guidance incorporated into the standards. However, where designated
uses and their specific criteria are less protective than the
existing stream quality, the State must upgrade that stream to re-
flect the criteria levels needed. At the very least, current
designated stream uses must be maintained in the State water quality
standards. Less restrictive uses may be imposed on a stream only
when attainment of the designated use would be impractical because
of: 1) a high natural background of water constituent(s); 2)
irretrievable man-induced conditions producing high levels of
constituent(s); or 3) substantial and widespread adverse economic and
social impact which would result from a greater degree of municiple
or industrial wastewater treatment.
Since water quality standards experience revisions and upgrading from
time to time, following procedures set forth in the Clean Water Act,
individual entries in this digest may be superseded. As these re-
visions are accomplished and allowing for the States to revise their
standards accordingly, this digest will be updated and reissued.
Because this publication is not -intended for use other than as a
general information resource, to obtain the latest information and
special purposes and applications, the reader needs to refer to the
existing approved water quality standards. These can be obtained
from the State water pollution control agencies or the EPA Regional
Offices.
Individual State-adopted uses follow :
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WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS
ALABAMA:
SECTION VI - SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY
Best Usage of Waters; Source of water supply for drinking
or food-processing purposes.*
Conditions Related to Best Usage; The waters, if subjected
to treatment approved by the State Department of Public
Health equal to coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and
disinfection, with additional treatment if necessary to
remove naturally present impurities, and which meet the re-
quirements of the State Department of Public Health, will be
considered safe for drinking or food-processing purposes.
B. SWIMMING AND OTHER WHOLE BODY WATER-CONTACT SPORTS
Best Usage of Waters: Swimming and other whole body water-
contact sports.*
Conditions Related to_ Best Usage; The waters, under proper
sanitary supervision by the controlling health authorities,
will meet accepted standards of water quality for outdoor
swimming places and will be considered satisfactory for
swimming and other whole body water-contact sports. The
quality of waters will also be suitable for the propagation
of fish, wildlife and aquatic life. The quality of salt
waters and estuarine waters to which this classification is
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assigned will be suitable for the propgation and harvesting
of shrimp and crabs.
C. SHELLFISHING HARVESTING
Best Usage of Waters; Propagation and harvesting of
shellfish for sale or use as a food product.
Conditions Related t_o Best Usage; Waters will meet the
sanitary and bacteriological standards included in the
latest edition of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Manual of Operations, Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas,
published by the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, and the requirements of the
State Department of Public Health. The waters will also be
of a quality suitable for the propagation of fish and other
aquatic life, including shrimp and crabs.
D. FISH AND WILDLIFE
Best Usage of Waters; Fishing, propagation of fish, aquatic
life, and wildlife, and any other usage except for swimming
and water-contact sports or as a source of water supply for
drinking or food-processing purposes.
Conditions Related to Best Usage; The waters will be
suitable for fish, aquatic life and wildlife propagation.
The quality of salt and estuarine waters to which this
classification is assigned will also be suitable for the
propagation of shrimp and crabs.
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E. AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
Best Usage of. Waters; Agricultural irrigation, livestock
watering, industrial cooling and process water supplies, and
any other usage, except fishing, bathing, recreational
activities, including water-contact sports, or as a source
of water supply for drinking or food-processing purposes.
Conditions Related to Best Usage; The waters, except for
natural impurities which may be present therein, will be
suitable for agricultural irrigation, livestock watering,
industrial cooling waters, and fish survival. The waters
will be usable after special treatment, as may be needed
under each particular circumstance, for industrial process
water supplies. The waters will also be suitable for other
uses for which waters of lower quality will be satisfactory.
This category includes watercourses in which natural flow is
intermittent and non-existent during droughts and which may,
of necessity, receive treated wastes from existing
municipalities and industries, both now and in the future.
In such instances, recognition must be given to the lack of
opportunity for mixture of the treated wastes with the
receiving stream for purposes of compliance. It is also
understood in considering waters for this classification
that urban runoff or natural conditions may impact any
waters so classified.
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F. INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS
Best Usage of_ Waters; Industrial cooling and process water
supplies, and any other usage, except fishing, bathing,
recreational activities including water-contact sports or as
a source of water supply for drinking or food-processing
purposes.
Conditions Related to Best Usage; The waters, except for
natural impurities which may be present therein, will be
suitable for industrial cooling waters and will be usable
after special treatment, as may be needed under each
particular circumstance, for industrial process water
supplies. The waters will also be suitable for other uses
for which waters of lower quality will be satisfactory.
This category includes watercourses in which natural flow is
intermittent and non-existent during droughts and which may,
of necessity, receive treated wastes from existing
municipalities and industries, both now and in the future.
In such instances, recognition must be given to the lack of
opportunity for mixture of the treated wastes with the
receiving stream for purposes of compliance. It is also
understood in considering waters for this classification
that urban runoff or natural conditions may impact any
waters so classified.
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G. NAVIGATION
Best Usage of Waters; Navigation and related activities.
Conditions Related to Best Usage; Waters will be of a
quality suitable for navigation and, after special treatment
as may be needed under each particular circumstance, could
be usable for agricultural irrigation, livestock watering,
industrial cooling and industrial process water supply.
This category includes watercourses in which natural flow is
intermittent and non-existent during droughts and which may,
of necessity, receive treated wastes from existing
municipalities and industries, both now and in the future.
In such instances, recognition must be given to the lack of
opportunity for mixture of the treated wastes with the
receiving stream for purposes of compliance. It is also
understood in considering waters for this classification
that urban runoff or natural conditions may impact any
waters so classified.
ALASKA:
(a) There are established 14 protected water uses in two major
categories designated as follows:
(1) Fresh Waters
(A) Water Supply
(i) drinking, culinary and food processing
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(ii) agriculture, including irrigation and stock
watering
(iii) aquaculture
(iv) industrial (other than food processing)
(B) Water Recreation
(i) contact recreation
(ii) secondary recreation
(C) Growth and Propagation of Fish, Shellfish and Other
Aquatic Life, and Wildlife Including Waterfowl and
Furbearers
(2) Marine Waters
(A) Water Supply
(i) aquaculture
(ii) seafood processing
(iii) industrial (other than food processing)
(B) Water Recreation
(i) contact recreation
(ii) secondary recreation
(C) Growth and Propagation of Fish, Shellfish and Other
Aquatic Life, and Wildlife Including Seabirds, Water-
fowl and Furbearers
(D) Harvesting for Consumption of Raw Mollusks or Other
Aquatic Life
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ARIZONA:
Surface Water Beneficial Uses
Full Body Contact
Partial Body Contact
Domestic & Industrial Water Supply
Cold Water Fishery
Warm Water Fishery
Agricultural
Aquatic Life & Wildlife
Aesthetics
Other
ARKANSAS:
USE CLASSIFICATIONS
(a) Substantially all waters of the State are presently suitable
for recreational uses in and/or on the water and for the
preservation and propagation of desirable species of aquatic
biota. The few exceptions noted in the use classifications
established herein are of limited extent and are the result
of natural salinity, stream channelization, pH, oil field
brines, and similar unusual factors. These exceptions will
be periodically reviewed and the use classification upgraded
as feasible.
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(b) The surface waters of the State, both interstate and
intrastate, are classified for use and fisheries. As set
forth in Appendix A attached hereto, the most stringent
criteria specified for each parameter shall be applicable
where waters are classified for multiple uses. Where stream
segments are not specifically stated, the standards apply
from the headwaters to the mouth.
(c) The use classifications are defined as follows:
Class AA: Extraordinary recreational and aesthetic value.
Suitable for primary contact recreation, propagation of
desirable species of fish, wildlife and other aquatic
life, raw water source for public water supplies, and
other compatible uses.
Class A: Suitable for primary contact recreation, propagation of
desirable species of fish, wildlife and other aquatic
life, raw water source for public water supplies, and
other compatible uses.
Class B: Suitable for desirable species of fish, wildlife and
other aquatic and semi-aquatic life, raw water source
for public water supplies, secondary contact recreation
and other uses.
(d) The fisheries classifications are defined as follows:
.W - Warm Water Fishery; S - Smallmouth Bass Fishery;
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T - Trout Fishery
CALIFORNIA:
Modifications, largely administrative in nature, to the list of
beneficial uses result from the State Board's adoption of new
designations for uniform statewide consideration of beneficial
uses. Standard designations for beneficial uses for surface
waters and groundwater were based on the many uses shown and
incorporate comments from the public, the regional boards, the
Office of Technical Coordination of the State Water Resources
Control Board and the State Board staff. The following
definitions for beneficial uses are applicable throughout the
entire state.
Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN)—Includes usual uses in
community or military water systems and domestic uses from
individual water systems.
Agricultural Supply (AGR)—Includes crops, orchard and
pasture irrigation, stock watering, support of vegetation
for range grazing and all uses in support of farming and
ranching operations.
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Industrial Process Supply (PROC) — Includes process water
supply and all uses related to the manufacturing of
products.
Industrial Service Supply (IND)—Includes uses that do not
depend primarily on water quality such as mining, cooling
water supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire
protection and oil well repressurization.
Groundwater Recharge (GWR)—Natural or artificial recharge
for future extraction for beneficial uses and to maintain
salt balance or halt salt water intrusion into freshwater
aquifers.
Freshwater Replenishment (FRSH)—Provides a source of fresh-
water for replenishment of inland lakes and streams of
varying salinities.
Navigation (NAV)—Includes commercial and naval shipping.
Water Contact Recreation (REC-1)—Includes all recreational
uses involving actual body contact with water, such as
swimming, wading, waterskiing, skindiving, surfing, sport
fishing, uses in therapeutic spas, and other uses where
ingestion of water is reasonably possible.
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Non-Contact Water Recreation (REC-2)—Recreational uses that
involve the presence of water but do not require contact
with water, such as picnicking, sunbathing, hiking,
beachcombing, camping, pleasure boating, tidepool and marine
life study, hunting and aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction
with the above activities as well as sightseeing.
Ocean Commercial and Sport Fishing (COMM)—The commercial
collection of various types of fish and shellfish, including
those taken for bait purposes, and sport fishing in oceans,
bays, estuaries and similar nonfreshwater areas.
Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM)—Provides a warm water
habitat to sustain aquatic resources associated with a warm
water environment.
Cold Freshwater Habitat (COLD)—Provides a cold water
habitat to sustain aquatic resources associated with a cold
water environment.
Preservation of Areas of Special Biological Significance
(ASBS)—Area of Special Biological Significance are those
areas designated by the State Water Resources Control Board
as requiring protection of species or biological communities
to the extent that alteration of natural water quality is
undesirable.
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Saline Water Habitat (SAL)—Provides an inland saline water
habitat for aquatic life resources. Soda Lake in the
Central Coastal Basin is a saline habitat typical of desert
lakes in inland sinks.
Wildlife Habitat (WILD)—Provides a water supply and vege-
tative habitat for the maintenance of wildlife.
Preservation of Rare and Endangered Species (RARE)—Provides
an aquatic habitat necessary, at least in part, for the
survival of certain species established as being rare and
endangered species.
Marine Habitat (MAR)—Provides for the preservation of the
marine ecosystem including the propagation and sustenance of
fish, shellfish, marine mammals, water fowl and vegetation
such as kelp.
Fish Migration (MIGR)—Provides a migration route and
temporary aquatic environment for anadromous or other fish
species.
Fish Spawning (SPWN)—Provides a high quality aquatic
habitat especially suitable for fish spawning.
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Shellfish Harvesting (SHELL)—The collection of shellfish
such as clams, oysters, abalone, shrimp, crab and lobster
for either commercial or sport purposes.
Hydropower Generation (POW)—Used for hydropower generation,
No such sites are presently located in San Francisco Bay
Basin.
COLORADO:
STATE USE CLASSIFICATIONS
Waters are classified according to the uses for which they are
presently suitable or intended to become suitable. When the term
"waters" is used without the modifiers "surface" or "ground," it
includes both surface and groundwater.
(1) Classifications
(a) Recreation
(i) Class 1 - Primary Contact
These surface waters are suitable or intended
to become suitable for prolonged and intimate
contact with the body or for recreational
activities when the ingest ion of small quantities
of water is likely to occur. Such waters include
but are not limited to those used for swimming.
(ii) Class 2 - Secondary Contact
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These surface waters are suitable or intended
to become suitable for recreational uses on or
about the water which are not included in the
primary contact subcategory.
(b) Agriculture
These waters are suitable or intended to become suitable
for irrigation of crops usually grown in Colorado and
which are not hazardous as drinking water for livestock.
(c) Aquatic Life
These surface waters are suitable or intended to become
suitable for the protection and maintenance of aquatic
life forms as described below:
(i) Class I - Cold Water Aquatic Life
These waters provide, or could provide, a habitat
consisting of water quality levels and other con-
siderations such as flow and stream bed character-
istics which do or could protect and maintain a
wide variety of cold water biota, including sensi-
tive species. Cold water biota are considered to
be life forms, including trout, in water where
temperatures do not normally exceed 20°C. If
there are limitations to the potential variety
of life forms, they are due primarily to un-
correctable water quality conditions. This
information will be considered in assigning
specific standards.
(ii) Class 1 - Warm Water Aquatic Life
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These waters provide, or could provide, a habitat
consisting of water quality levels and other con-
siderations such as flow and stream bed character-
istics which do or could protect and maintain a
wide variety of warm water biota, including sensi-
tive species. Warm water biota are considered to
be the life forms in waters with temperatures
frequently exceeding 20°C. If there are limi-
tations to the potential variety of life forms,
they are due primarily to uncorrectable water
quality conditions. This information will be
considered in assigning specific standards.
(iii) Class 2 - Cold and Warm Water Aquatic Life
These are waters where the potential variety of
life forms is presently limited primarily by
flow and stream bed characteristics. Standards
will be assigned to protect existing species
and encourage the establishment of more sensitive
species which are compatible with the flow and
stream bed characteristics.
(d) Domestic Water Supply
These waters are suitable or intended to become suitable
for potable water supplies. There may be waters which do
not fit into either the Class 1 or Class 2 classifications
but which may be suitable for domestic water supplies
after special treatment.
(i). Class 1 - Uncontaminated Groundwaters
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These are groundwaters which receive a high
degree of natural protection and meet, without
treatment, all Colorado drinking water regulations
and any revision, amendments, or supplements
thereto. Colorado drinking water regulations
require disinfection of all domestic water
supplies regardless of source unless a waiver
has been obtained.
(ii) Class 2 - Waters Requiring Disinfection and/or
Standard Treatment
These are waters which, after receiving approved
disinfection such as simple chlorination or its
equivalent or which after receiving standard treat-
ment (defined as coagulation, flocculation, sedi-
mentation, filtration, and disinfection with
chlorine or its equivalent) will meet Colorado
drinking water regulations and any revisions,
amendments, or supplements thereto. This class
may include groundwaters which, due to natural or
human causes, do not meet the requirement for
Class 1 waters.
(e) Existing High Quality Waters
Waters currently of a quality higher than necessary to
support primary contact recreation and propagation of
fish, shellfish, and wildlife and are generally suitable
for agriculture and domestic water supply may be classified
as high quality waters. This classification precludes the
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necessity to classify for other beneficial uses.
(i) Class 1 - These are high quality waters which
constitute an outstanding state or national resource
such as waters in national and state parks and
forests, wildlife refuges, and waters of exceptional
recreational and ecological significance.
For example, waters which provide a unique habitat
for an endangered or threatened species or rivers
designated under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
may be designated as outstanding state or national
resource waters. No degradation of these waters
will be allowed; thus, these waters will be pro-
tected and maintained at their existing quality.
(ii) Class 2 - These are other high quality waters
which are not classified as outstanding state or
national resources. These waters shall be main-
tained and protected at their existing quality
unless the Commission chooses, after full inter-
governmental coordination and public participation,
to allow lower water quality as a result of neces-
sary and justifiable economic or social development.
In no event, however, may degradation of water
quality interfere with or become injurious to
existing instream water uses.
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(2) Qualifiers
The following qualifiers may be appended to any classification
to indicate special considerations. Where a qualifier applies,
it will be appended to the use classification; for example,
"Class 1, Warm Water Aquatic Life (Goal)."
(a) Goal
A qualifier which indicates that the waters are presently
not fully suitable but are intended to become fully suit-
able for the classified use. "Goal" will be used to
indicate that a temporary modification for one or more
of the underlying numeric standards has been granted.
(b) Seasonal
A qualifier which indicates that the water may only be
suitable for a classified use during certain periods of
the year.
(c) Interrupted Flow
A qualifier which indicates that due to natural or human-
induced conditions the continuity of flow is broken, not
necessarily according to a seasonal schedule. This
qualifier appended to a classification indicates that
the flow conditions still permit the classified
use during periods of flow.
(3) Areas Requiring Special Protection
In special cases where protection of beneficial uses requires
standards not provided by the classification above, special
standards may be assigned after full public notice and hear-
ings. Cases where special protection may be needed include
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but are not limited to wildlife preserves and waterbodies
endangered by eutrophication.
CONNECTICUT:
Freshwater
Class AA - Existing or proposed water supply impoundments
and tributary surface waters.
Class A - May be suitable for drinking water supply
and/or bathing; suitable for all other water uses.
Class B - Suitable for bathing, other recreational purposes,
agricultural uses, certain industrial processes and
cooling; excellent fish and wildlife habitat; good
aesthetic value.
Class C - Suitable for fish and wildlife, recreational boating,
and certain industrial processes and cooling; good
aesthetic value.
Marine Waters
Class SA - Shellfish harvesting for direct consumption; bathing
and other contact sports, and suitable for all other
sea water uses.
Class SB - Shellfish harvesting for consumption after depuration;
excellent fish and wildlife habitat; bathing and
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other recreational uses; industrial cooling; good
aesthetic value.
Class SC - Fish, shellfish and wildlife habitat; non-contact
recreation; industrial cooling; and good aesthetic
cooling.
DELAWARE:
Water Uses
Public Water Supply
Industrial Water Supply
Primary Contact Recreation
Secondary Contact Recreation
Fish, Aquatic Life & Wildlife
Shellfish
Agriculture
Navigation
Drainage
Anadromous Fish
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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
WATER USE DESIGNATIONS
Primary Water Contact Recreation: any activities that require
prolonged intimate water contact and involve risks of ingestion,
Included are swimming, wading and any water contact sports.
Secondary Water Contact Recreation: any activities on or near
the water. Included are recreational boating, fishing and
recreation along the shores.
Propagation of Aquatic Life and Wildlife.
Public Water Supply.
Industrial Water Supply.
Navigation.
FLORIDA:
CLASS I-A WATERS - POTABLE WATER SUPPLIES SURFACE WATERS
Specific criteria are listed for surface waters designated
for use as a potable supply. The standards contained in
Sections 17-3.051 and 17-3.061 shall apply to all waters
of this class, unless more stringent levels are specified
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For the designated use.
CLASS I-B WATERS - POTABLE AND AGRICULTURAL WATER SUPPLIES AND
STORAGE - GROUNDWATERS
As stated in Section 17-3.161, all groundwaters with total
dissolved solids levels of less than 10,000 milligrams per
litre ((mg)/l) are classified as Class 1-B. The criteria
contained in Section 17-3.071 apply to all waters in this
classification unless more stringent levels are specified.
CLASS II WATERS - SHELLFISH PROPAGATION OR HARVESTING -
SURFACE WATERS
Specific criteria are listed for surface waters classified
as Class II. The standards contained in Sections 17-3.051
and 17-3.061 also shall apply to all waters of this class,
unless additional or more stringent levels are specified
for the designated use.
CLASS III WATERS - RECREATION - PROPAGATION AND MANAGEMENT
OF FISH AND WILDLIFE - SURFACE WATERS
Specific criteria are listed for surface waters classified
as Class III. The standards contained in Sections 17-3.051
and 17-3.061 also apply to all waters of this classification,
unless additional or more stringent criteria are specified
for the designated use.
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CLASS IV WATERS - AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES - SURFACE WATERS
The criteria listed below are for surface waters classified
as Class IV. The standards established in Sections 17-3.051
and 17-3.061 also apply to all waters of this classification,
unless additional or more stringent criteria are specified.
CLASS V-A WATERS - NAVIGATION, UTILITY AND INDUSTRIAL USE -
SURFACE WATERS
Specific criteria are listed for surface waters classified
as Class V-A. The standards contained in Sections 17-3.051
and 17-3.061 also apply to all waters of this classification,
unless additional alternative or more stringent criteria are
specified.
CLASS V-B WATERS - FRESHWATER STORAGE AND UTILITY AND INDUSTRIAL
SUPPLY - GROUNDWATER
As stated in Section 17-3.061, all groundwaters with total
dissolved solids equal to or greater than 10,000 milligrams
per litre ((mg)/l) are classified as Class V-B. Standards
contained in 17-3.051(1) and 17-3.071 apply to all waters
of this classification and the standards contained in
17-3.101 apply if waters are used or can reasonably be
expected to be used for a potable supply.
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GEORGIA:
A. Drinking Water Supplies;
1. Those waters approved by the Environmental Protection
Division and requiring only approved disinfection and
meeting the requirements of the Federal Drinking Water
Standards; or waters approved by the Environmental Protec-
tion Division for human consumption and food-processing
or for any other use requiring water of a lower
quality.
2. Those raw water supplies requiring approved treatment
that meet the requirements of the Environmental
Protection Division and the Federal Drinking Water
Standards or which are approved by the Environmental
Protection Division for human consumption and food-
processing; or for any other use requiring water of
a lower quality.
B. Recreation:
1. General recreational activities such as water skiing,
boating, and swimming, or for any other use requiring
water of a lower quality. These criteria are not to
be interpreted as condoning water contact sports in
proximity to sewage or industrial waste discharges
regardless of treatment requirements.
C. Fishing, Propagation of Fish, Shellfish, Game and Other
Aquatic Life;
1. Suitable for these uses and any use requiring water
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of a lower quality.
D. Agricultural;
1. For general agricultural uses such as stock watering
and irrigating; or for any other use requiring water
of a lower quality.
E. Industrial;
1. For processing and cooling water with or without special
treatment; or for any other use requiring water of a
lower quality.
F. Navigation;
1. To provide for commercial ship traffic and protection
of seamen or crews.
G. Wild River:
1. This classification will be applicable to any waters
of the State when so designated by an authorized State
or Federal Agency and will be effective simultaneously
with that Agency's proper designation.
H. Scenic River;
1. This classification will be applicable to any waters of
the State when so designated by an authorized State or
Federal Agency and will be effective simultaneously with
that Agency's proper designation.
I. Urban Stream;
1. This classification is applicable to streams in highly
developed urban areas.
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HAWAII:
A. Classification of Coastal Water Uses. Coastal waters are
classified in accordance with the uses to be protected in
each class as follows:
Class AA waters. The uses to be protected in this
class of waters are oceanographic research, the support
and propagation of shellfish and other marine life,
conservation of coral reeds and wilderness areas,
compatible recreation, and aesthetic enjoyment.
It is the objective of this class of waters that they
remain in as nearly their natural, pristine state as
possible with absolute minimum of pollution from any
source. To the extent possible, the wilderness
character of such areas shall be protected. No zones
of mixing will be permitted in these waters.
The classification of any water areas as Class AA shall
not preclude other uses of such waters compatible with
these objectives and in conformance with the standards
applicable to them.
Class A waters. The uses to be protected in this class
of waters are recreational (including fishing,
swimming, bathing, and other water-contact sports),
aesthetic enjoyment, and the support and propagation of
aquatic life.
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It is the objective for this class of waters that their
use for recreational purposes and aesthetic enjoyment
not be limited in any way. Such waters shall be kept
clean of any trash, solid materials, or oils, and shall
not act as receiving waters for any effluent which has
not received the best degree of treatment or control
practicable under existing technology and compatible
with the standards established for this class.
3. Class B waters. The uses to be protected in this class
of waters are small boat harbors, commercial and
industrial shipping, bait fishing, compatible
recreation, the support and propagation of aquatic
life, and aesthetic enjoyment.
It is the objective of this class of waters that
discharges of any pollutant be controlled to the
maximum degree possible and that sewage and industrial
effluents receive the best degree of treatment control
practicable under existing technology and compatible
with the standards established for this class.
The Class B designation shall apply only to a limited
area next to boat docking facilities in bays and
harbors. The rest of the water area in such bay or
harbor shall be Class A unless given some other
specific designation in Section 5.
B. Classification of_ Fresh Water Uses. Fresh waters are
classified in accordance with the uses to be protected as
follows:
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Class 1_ waters. The uses to be protected in this class
of waters are drinking water supply, food processing,
the support and propagation of aquatic life, and
compatible recreation.
It is the objective of this class of waters that they
remain in as nearly their natural state as possible
with an absolute minimum of pollution from any source.
To the extent possible, the wilderness character of
such areas shall be protected. Waste discharges into
these waters are prohibited.
Class 2_ waters. The uses to be protected in this class
of waters are bathing, swimming, the support and
propagation of aquatic life, compatible recreation, and
agricultural and industrial water supply.
It is the objective of this class of waters that their
use for recreational purposes, propagation of fish and
other aquatic life, and agricultural and industrial
water supply not be limited in any way. Such waters
shall be kept clean of trash, solid material or oils,
and shall not act as receiving waters for any effluent
which has not received the best degree of treatment or
control practicable under existing technology and
compatible with the standards established for this
class.
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IDAHO:
WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Use Classifications. Waters are designated according to
the uses for which they are presently suitable or intended to
become suitable. The designated uses for which the waters
of the State are to be protected shall include, but not
necessarily be limited to:
(a) Agricultural Water Supplies: Waters which are suitable
or intended to be made suitable for the irrigation of
crops or as drinking water for livestock.
(b) Domestic Water Supplies: Waters which are suitable or
intended to be made suitable for drinking water supplies.
(c) Cold Water Biota: Waters which are suitable or intended
to be made suitable for protection and maintenance of
viable communities of aquatic organisms and populations
of significant aquatic species which have optimal
growing temperatures below 18°C.
(d) Warm Water Biota: Waters which are suitable or intended
to be made suitable for protection and maintenance of
viable communities of aquatic organisms and populations
of significant aquatic species which have optimal
growing temperatures above 18°C.
(e) Salmonid Spawning: Those waters which provide or could
provide a habitat for active self-propagating popula-
tions of salmonid fish.
(f) Primary Contact Recreation: Surface waters which are
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suitable or intended to be made suitable for prolonged
and intimate contact by humans or for recreational
activities when the ingestion of small quantities of
water is likely to occur. Such waters would include
but not be restricted to those used for swimming,
water skiing or skin diving.
(g) Secondary Contact Recreation: Surface waters which
are suitable or intended to be made suitable for recre-
ational uses on or about the water which are not included
in the primary contact category. These waters may be
used for fishing, boating, wading and other activities
where ingestion of raw water is not probable.
GENERAL WATER USE DESIGNATIONS. The following use-designations
are provided:
Unspecified Waters. Surface waters not specified in
Manual Sections 1-2110 — 1-2160 are designated as primary
contact recreational waters, unless the physical character-
istics of a water body prevent primary contact recreation.
In those cases, the water body is designated a secondary
contact recreational water.
Industrial Water Supplies, Wildlife Habitats, and Aesthetics.
All State waters are designated for the uses of industrial
water supplies, wildlife habitat and aesthetics. Water
quality standards for those uses will generally be maintained
by the general water quality standards (Manual Section
1-2200). Should specificity be desirable or necessary to
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protect a specific use, appropriate criteria will be adopted
in Manual Sections 1-2250 or 1-2275 — 1-2299.
Man-Made Waterways. Unless designated in Manual Sec-
tions 1-211- — 1-2160, man-made waterways are to be protected
for the use for which they were developed.
Private Waters. Unless designated in Manual Sections
1-2110 — 1-2160, lakes, ponds, pools, streams and springs
outside public lands but located wholly and entirely upon
a person's land are not protected specifically or
generally for any beneficial use.
ILLINOIS:
General Use Waters
All waters of the State of Illinois are designated for general
use except those designated as Secondary Contact and Indigenous
Aquatic Life Waters.
Secondary Contact and Indigenous Aquatic Life Waters
Secondary Contact and Indigenous Aquatic Life Waters are those
waters which will be appropriate for all secondary contact uses
and which will be capable of supporting an indigenous aquatic
life limited only by the physical configuration of the body of
water, characteristics and origin of the water and the presence
of contaminants in amounts that do not exceed the applicable
standards- The following are designated as Secondary Contact
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and Indigenous Aquatic Life Waters.
Public and Food Processing Water Supply
All waters of Illinois are designated for Public and Food
Processing Water Supply use except those designated as Secondary
Contact and Indigenous Aquatic Life Waters, and other exceptions,
INDIANA:
(Recreational Use) All lakes and reservoirs, the St. Joseph
River in Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, the St. Joseph
River in Allen County, the Wabash River where forming the
common boundary with Illinois, the Whitewater River after its
confluence with the East Fork of the Whitewater River, the
Ohio River and any stream reaches incorporated into the
Natural, Scenic, and Recreational Rivers System by the Indiana
Department of Natural Resources are designated for whole body
contact recreation. All other streams are designated for
partial body contact recreation in addition to any other
applicable use designation.
(Aquatic Life) All waters will be capable of supporting a
well-balanced, warm water fish community; except that all
waters, where the natural temperatures will permit, will be
capable of supporting put-and-take trout fishing; and, where
now possible, the natural reproduction of trout and salmon.
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(Domestic and Industrial Use) All waters which are used for
potable or industrial water supply must meet the standards
for those uses at the points where the water is withdrawn.
This use designation and its corresponding water quality
standards are not to be construed as imposing a user restric-
tion on those exercising or desiring to exercise the use.
(Agricultural Use) All waters which are used for agricultural
purposes must meet the standards established in subsection 6(a)
(Multiple Use) Where multiple uses have been designated for a
body of water the most protective of all simultaneously
applicable standards will apply.
IOWA:
Class A Waters
Waters which are designated as Class A Waters are to be pro-
tected for primary contact recreation.
Class B Waters
Waters which are designated as Class B Waters are to be
protected for wildlife, fish, aquatic and semi-aquatic life
and secondary contact recreation. This class is subdivided
into coldwater and warmwater fisheries.
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Class C Waters
Waters which are designated as Class C Waters are to be
protected as a raw water source of potable water supply.
High Quality Waters
Waters which exceed the water quality criteria necessary to
protect existing water uses.
KANSAS:
Water use classifications for all waters of the state are listed
in Section VIII of the criteria. Water uses shall be grouped
into the following two categories:
A. Class A waters shall be protected for the following water
uses:
1. Body contact recreation. These waters are intended
for uses where the human body may come in direct
contact with the raw water to the point of complete
submergence with the possibility of ingestion, such
as swimming, water skiing, and skin diving.
2. The preservation and propagation of desirable species
of fresh warm water aquatic biota, semi-aquatic life,
waterfowl, and wildlife.
3. Public water supply.
4. Industrial water supply.
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5. Agricultural purposes.
B. Class B waters shall be protected for the following
water uses:
1. Secondary contact recreation. These waters are intended
for uses such as fishing, wading, boating or other
activities where ingestion of the water is not probable.
2. The preservation and propagation of desirable species
of fresh warm water aquatic biota, semi-aquatic life,
waterfowl, and wildlife.
3. Public water supply.
4. Industrial water supply.
5. Agricultural purposes.
KENTUCKY:
(1) Domestic water supply.
Surface water that with conventional treatment will be
suitable for human consumption, culinary purposes, or
in any food or beverage processing industry and meet
State and/or Federal regulations for drinking water.
(2) Aquatic life.
(A) Warmwater aquatic habitat.
Protective of productive warmwater aquatic communities,
fowl, animal wildlife, arborous growth, agriculture,
and industrial uses.
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(B) Coldwater aquatic habitat.
Protective of productive coldwater aquatic communities
and "put and take" trout streams.
(3) Recreation.
(A) Primary contact recreation.
Waters are suitable for full body contact recreation
during the recreation season of May 1 through October 31
(B) Secondary contact recreation.
Waters are suitable for partial body contact recreation
with minimal threat to public health.
LOUISIANA:
WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Policy;
It is the policy of the State of Louisiana that all state waters
should be protected for recreational uses in and/or on the water
and for the preservation and propagation of desirable species of
aquatic biota such as indigeneous species of fish, shellfish and
wildlife. Use and value of water for public water supplies,
agricultural, industrial, and other purposes as well as naviga-
tion, shall also be considered in setting standards, but in no
case, except as provided below, shall the criteria supporting
these uses be permitted to interfere with recreational uses and
the preservation of indigenous species of fish, shellfish, wild-
life and desirable species of other aquatic biota.
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Recreational uses will be specified as either "primary contact"
or "secondary contact." Desirable species of fish, shellfish,
wildlife and other aquatic biota will be specified as "fresh
warm water," or "marine waters." All future designations of
stream uses and their associated criteria must, at a minimum,
adhere to these classifications except as provided below.
Exceptions;
Some waters, because of naturally occurring poor quality, man-
made pollution or technological limitations may qualify for an
excepted classification. This determination, however, will be
made on a case-by-case basis following the analysis of each
such area. In all cases where exceptions are proposed, the
concurrence of the Regional Administrator of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency will first be obtained. In any
case where the exception is based on technological limitations,
the exception will be temporary, i.e., the exception will be
reviewed at least every three years as required by Section 303(c)
of Public Law 92-500 to determine the possibility of upgrading.
In applying this policy, the terms "recreational uses" and
"desirable species of aquatic biota" will be given common sense
application. The existence of man-made pollution will be re-
viewed as a problem to be solved, not as an impediment against
assigning this use classification. "Desirable Species of
Aquatic Biota" refers to a diverse and naturally occurring
range of aquatic biota and not to species that exist in the
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area in question in disproportionate numbers as a result of
man's waste discharges.
The most stringent criteria specified for each parameter shall
be applicable where waters are classified for multiple uses.
CLASS A; WATER CONTACT RECREATION AND OTHER USES (PRIMARY CONTACT)
A surface raw water source intended for uses where the human
body may come in direct contact with the raw water to the point
of complete body submergence. The raw water may be ingested
accidentally and certain sensitive body organs such as eyes,
ears, nose, etc., may be exposed to the water. Although the
water may be ingested accidentally, it is not intended to be
used as a potable supply unless acceptable treatment is applied.
Water may be used for swimming, water skiing, skin diving, other
similar activities, or as a raw water source for public water
supply, support and propagation of aquatic fish and wildlife,
agricultural, industrial and navigational uses.
CLASS B; FISH, WILDLIFE AND OTHER AQUATIC AND SEMI-AQUATIC
LIFE, SECONDARY CONTACT RECREATION AND OTHER USES
A surface raw water source, suitable for the growth and
propagation of fish, other aquatic and semi-aquatic life both
marine and fresh water; waterfowl, fur bearers; and wildlife.
This water may be used for warm water fish habitat, wildlife
habitat, and other similar uses. Th-is water is also suitable
for secondary water contact recreation such as fishing, wading,
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boating, or activities where ingestion of the water is not
probable or as a raw water source public water supply, agri-
cultural, industrial and navigational uses.
Criteria for Class A and B are equal to or more stringent than
those applicable for public water supply use as stated in the
report of the National Technical Advisory Committee to the
Secretary of the Interior on the Water Quality Criteria.
However, when a water body is used as a public water supply,
it shall be identified as such in the standards for the stream
and/or segment where the use occurs.
MAINE:
Standards of classification of fresh waters
Class A shall be the highest classification and shall be of such
quality that it can be used for recreational purposes,
including bathing, and for public water supplies after
disinfection.
Class B, the 2nd highest classification, shall be divided i ito
two designated groups as B-l and B-2.
B-l. Waters of this class shall be considered the higher
quality of the Class B group and shall be acceptable
for recreational purposes, including water contact
recreation, for use as potable water supply after
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adequate treatment and for a fish and wildlife habitat.
B-2. Waters of this class shall be acceptable for
recreational purposes including water contact
recreation, for industrial and potable water supplies
after adequate treatment, and for a fish and wild-
life habitat.
Class C waters, the 3rd highest classification, shall be of
such quality as to be satisfactory for recreational
boating and fishing, for a fish and wildlife habitat
and for other uses except potable water supplies and
water contact recreation, unless such waters are
adequately treated.
Class D waters shall be assigned only where a higher water
classification cannot be attained after utilizing the
best practicable treatment or control of sewage or other
wastes. Waters of this class may be used for power
generation, navigation and industrial process waters
after adequate treatment.
Standards of classification of great ponds
Class GP-A shall be the highest classification and shall be
of such quality that it can be used for recreational
purposes, including bathing, and for public water supplies
after disinfection.
Class BP-B, the 2nd highest classification, shall be acceptable
for recreational purposes, including water contact
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recreation, for use as potable water supply after adequate
treatment, and for a fish and wildlife habitat.
Tidal or marine waters
Class SA shall be suitable for all clean water usages, including
water contact recreation, and fishing. Such waters shall
be suitable for the harvesting and propagation of shellfish
and for a fish and wildlife habitat.
Class SB-1 shall be suitable for all clean water usages including
water contact recreation, and fishing. Such waters shall
be suitable for the harvesting and propagation of shellfish,
and for a fish and wildlife habitat.
Class SB-2 shall be suitable for recreational usages, including
water contact, and fishing. Such waters shall be suitable
for the harvesting and propagation of shellfish, for a fish
and wildlife habitat, and suitable for industrial cooling
and process uses.
Class SC, the 4th highest classification, shall be of such
quality as to be satisfactory for recreational boating,
fishing and other similar uses except primary water contact.
Such waters may be used for the propagation of indigenous
shellfish to be harvested for depuration purposes, for a
fish and wildlife habitat, and for industrial cooling
and process uses.
Class SD waters shall be assigned only where a higher water
classification cannot be attained after utilizing the best
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practicable treatment or control of sewage or other wastes.
Waters of this class may be used for power generation,
navigation, industrial process waters or cooling waters,
and for migration of fish.
MARYLAND:
The following water use classes are established for the waters
of the state:
CLASS I: WATER CONTACT RECREATION AND AQUATIC LIFE
Waters which are suitable for water contact sports, play and
leisure time activities where the human body may come in
direct contact with the surface water; also suitable for the
growth and propagation of fish (other than trout), other aquatic
life and wildlife.
CLASS II: SHELLFISH HARVESTING
Waters where shellfish are propagated, stored or gathered for
marketing purposes; includes actual or potential areas for the
harvesting of oysters, softshell clams, hardshell clams, and
brackish water clams.
CLASS III: NATURAL TROUT WATERS
Waters which are suitable for the growth and propagation of
trout, and which are capable of supporting natural trout
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populations and their associated food organisms.
CLASS IV: RECREATIONAL TROUT WATERS
Waters which are capable of holding or supporting adult trout
for put-and-take fishing, and which are managed as a special
fishery by periodic stocking and seasonal catching.
MASSACHUSETTS:
Classes for Inland Waters
Class A - Waters assigned to this class are designated for use
as a source of public water supply.
Class B - Waters assigned to this class are designated for the
uses of protection and propagation of fish, other aquatic
life and wildlife; and for primary and secondary contact
recreation.
Class C - Waters assigned to this class are designated for the
uses of protection and propagation of fish, other
aquatic life and wildlife; and for secondary contact
recreation.
Classes for Coastal and Marine Waters
Class SA - Waters assigned to this class are designated for the
uses of protection and propagation of fish, other
aquatic life and wildlife; for primary and secondary
contact recreation; and for shellfish harvesting
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without depuration in approved areas.
Class SB - Waters assigned to this class are designated for the
uses of protection and propagation of fish, other
aquatic life and wildlife; for primary and secondary
contact recreation; and for shellfish harvesting with
depuration (Restricted Shellfish Areas).
Class SC - Waters assigned to this class are designated for the
protection and propagation of fish, other aquatic
life and wildlife; and for secondary contact
recreation.
MICHIGAN:
PROTECTIVE USES.
(1) As a minimum, all waters of the state shall be protected
for agricultural uses, navigation, industrial water supply,
warmwater fish, other aquatic life, wildlife.
(2) All waters of the state are to be protected for total
body contact recreation except in high risk areas adjacent to or
downstream from urban areas identified by the commission. The
standards specified in Rule 62 shall apply in such areas, except
in the mixing zone.
(3) All Great Lakes and their connecting waters, except the
entire Keweenaw Waterway including Portage Lake, Houghton County,
shall be protected for coldwater fish.
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(4) All Great Lakes and their connecting waters shall be
protected for public water supply.
(5) All waters of the state used or proposed for use as a
raw water source for public water supply shall be protected for
such use at the point of water intake and in such defined
contiguous areas as the commission may be on a case by case basis
and may include, but not be limited to, consideration of factors
such as flow volume, water quality, sources and character of
point and nonpoint discharges, and ability of the affected public
water supply facilities to adequately treat the raw water for
assured public protection using conventional water treatment
technology.
(6) All waters of the state designated as trout streams by
the director of the department pursuant to section 8 of Act No.
165 of the Public Acts of 1929, being 8301.8 ET. SEQ. of the
Michigan Compiled Laws, shall be protected for coldwater fish.
(7) All inland lakes identified in "Coldwater Lakes of
Michigan," as published by the department shall be protected for
coldwater fish.
(8) All lakes designated as trout lakes by the Natural
Resources Commission under the authority of Act No. 165 of the
Public Acts of 1929, as amended, being 8301.1 et. seq. of the
Michigan Compiled Laws, and Act No. 230 of the Public Acts of
1925, being 8300.1 et. seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
(9) All waters of the state serving as principal migratory
routes for anadromous salmonids shall be protected for those
species during the periods of their migrations.
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Multiple designated uses.
When a particular portion of the waters of the state is
designated for more than 1 use, the most restrictive water
quality standards for 1 or more of those designated uses shall
apply to that portion.
MINNESOTA:
(b) WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS - ALL INTRASTATE WATERS OF THE STATE
Based on considerations of best usage in the interest of
the public and in conformance with the requirements of the
applicable statutes, the intrastate waters of the state
shall be grouped into one or more of the following classes:
(1) Domestic Consumption. To include all intrastate
waters which are or may be used as a source of supply
for drinking, culinary or food processing use or other
domestic purposes, and for which quality control is or
may be necessary to protect the public health, safety
or welfare.
(2) Fisheries and Recreation. To include all intrastate
waters which are or may be used for fishing, fish
culture, bathing or any other recreational purposes,
and for which quality control is or may be necessary
to protect aquatic or terrestrial life, or the public
health, safety or welfare.
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(3) Industrial Consumption. To include all intrastate
waters which are or may be used as a source of supply
for industrial process or cooling water, or any other
industrial or commercial purposes, and for which
quality control is or may be necessary to protect the
public health, safety or welfare.
(4) Agriculture and Wildlife. To include all intrastate
waters which are or may be used for any agriculture
purposes, including stock watering and irrigation, or
by waterfowl or other wildlife, and for which quality
control is or may be necessary to protect terrestrial
life or the public health, safety or welfare.
(5) Navigation and Waste Disposal. To include all intra-
state waters which are or may be used for any form of
water transportation or navigation, disposal of sewage,
industrial waste or other waste effluents, or fire
prevention, and for which quality control is or may
be necessary to protect the public health, safety or
welfare.
(6) Other Uses. To include intrastate waters which are
or may serve the above listed uses or any other bene-
ficial uses not listed herein, including without limi-
tation any such uses in this or any other state,
province, or nation of any intrastate waters flowing
through or originating in this state, and for which
quality control is or may be necessary for the above
declared.purposes, or to conform with the require-
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merits of the legally constituted state or national
agencies having jurisdiction over such intrastate
waters, or any other considerations the Agency may
deem proper.
MISSISSIPPI:
1. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY;
Water in this classification is for use as a source of
raw water supply for drinking and food processing purposes.
The water treatment process shall be approved by the
Mississippi State Board of Health. The raw water supply
will be such that after approved treatment process it will
satisfy the regulations established pursuant to Section 1412
of the Public Health Service Act as amended by the Safe
Drinking Water Act (Pub. L. 93-523).
2. SHELLFISH HARVESTING AREAS;
Waters classified for this use are for propagation and
harvesting shellfish for sale or use as a food product.
These waters will meet the requirements set forth in the
latest edition of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program,
Manual of Operations, Part I, Sanitation of Shellfish
Growing Areas, as published by the U.S. Public Health
Service.
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3. RECREATION;
The quality of waters in this classification is to be
suitable for recreational purposes, including such water
contact activities as swimming and water skiing. The
waters shall also be suitable for use for which waters
of lower quality will be satisfactory.
4. FISH AND WILDLIFE:
Waters in this classification are intended for fishing
and for propagation of fish, aquatic life, and wildlife.
MISSOURI:
Stream-flow Classification
1. Class P: Streams that maintain permanent flow even
in drought periods.
2. Class PI: Standing-water reaches of Class P streams,
including impoundments.
3. Class C: Streams that may cease flow in dry periods,
but maintain permanent pools which support aquatic life,
Beneficial water uses.
1. Irrigation: Application of water to cropland or
directly to plants that may be used for human or
livestock consumption. Occasional supplemental
irrigation, rather than continuous irrigation, is
assumed.
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Livestock watering and wildlife watering (LW,WW):
Maintenance of conditions to support health in live-
stock and wildlife.
Protection of warm-water aquatic life: Maintenance
of conditions to sustain warm-water fish and other
warm-water aquatic life, including critical stages
of reproduction and early life. It will include
warm-water sport fishing.
Coldwater sport fishery (CWSF): Maintenance of
conditions to support the propagation or stocking
of trout.
Whole-body contact recreation (WBCR): Activities
in which there is direct human contact with the raw
surface water to the point of complete body sub-
mergence. The raw water may be ingested accidentally
and certain sensitive body organs, such as the eyes,
ears, and the nose, will be exposed to the water.
Although the water may be ingested accidentally, it
is not intended to be used as a potable supply
unless acceptable treatment is applied. Water so
designated is intended to be used for swimming,
water skiing or skin diving.
Drinking water supply (DWS): Maintenance of a raw
water supply which will yield potable water by
common treatment processes.
Industrial process water and industrial cooling
water: Water to support various industrial uses;
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MONTANA:
since quality needs will vary by industry, no
specific criteria are set in these standards.
8. Commercial Fishery: Aquatic life criteria and Food
and Drug Administration limits for fish consumption
are applicable.
9. Boating and canoeing: Activities in which very
little contact with water is assumed.
Outstanding national resource waters: Waters which have
outstanding recreation and ecological significance.
These waters shall receive special protection against any
degradation in quality. Rivers of the Ozark National
Scenic Riverways and the Wild and Scenic Rivers system
are so designated.
Losing Streams - Streams that distribute 50 percent or
more of their flow into ground water.
Protected Streams - Streams in Metropolitan St. Louis
and Kansas City which are not to receive
polluted effluents.
High Quality Waters - Recognized high quality waters.
A-Closed classification.
(i) Water-use description. Water supply for drinking, culi-
nary and food processing purposes suitable for use after
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simple disinfection. Public access and activities such
as livestock grazing and timber harvest are to be
controlled by the utility owner under conditions pre-
scribed and orders issued by the department. Only those
waters on which access is presently controlled by the
utility owner have been classified as A-Closed. If other
uses are permitted, the waters are to be reclassified
A-Open-D,.
A-Open-Dt classification.
(i) Water-use description. Water supply for drinking, culi-
nary and food processing purposes suitable for use after
simple 'disinfection and removal of naturally present
i
impurities. Water quality is to be maintained suitable
for bathing, swimming and recreation; growth and propa-
gation of salmonid fishes and associated aquatic life,
waterfowl and furbearers; and agricultural and indus-
trial water supply. Where the waters are used for
swimming or other water-contact sports, analyses are to
be made by the utility owner and the department to
determine if a higher degree of treatment is required
for potable water use.
Waters, if shown to meet the A-Closed criteria, may be
so classified by the department at the request of the
utility owner. State waters within the boundaries of
national parks and nationally designated wild, wilderness
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or primitive areas in the state are classified A-
except those adjacent to developed areas such as Snyder
Creek through the community of Lake McDonald and Swift-
current Creek below the Many Glacier Chalet, both in
Glacier National Park. Also, Georgetown, Flathead and
Whitefish lakes and Lake Mary Ronan are classified
A-Open-D, as are some streams presently used for domestic
water supply.
B-D, classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
suitable for drinking, culinary and food processing
purposes after adequate treatment equal to coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and any additional
treatment necessary to remove naturally present impurities;
bathing, swimming and recreation; growth and propagation
of salmonid fishes and associated aquatic life, waterfowl
and furbearers; and agricultural and industrial water
supply.
B-Dj, classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
suitable for drinking, culinary and food processing
purposes after adequate treatment equal to coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and any additional
treatment necessary to remove naturally present impurities;
bathing, swimming and recreation; growth and marginal
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propagation of salmonid fishes and associated aquatic
life, waterfowl and furbearers; and agricultural and
industrial water supply.
B-D, classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
suitable for drinking, culinary and food processing
purposes after adequate treatment equal to coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and any additional
treatment necessary to remove naturally present impurities;
bathing, swimming and recreation; growth and propagation
of non-salmonid fishes and associated aquatic life, water-
fowl and furbearers; and agricultural and industrial water
supply.
C-D, classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
suitable for bathing, swimming and recreation; growth
and propagation of salmonid fishes and associated aquatic
life, waterfowl and furbearers, and agricultural and
industrial water supply.
C-D, classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
for bathing, swimming and recreation; growth and marginal
propagation of salmonid fishes and associated aquatic
life, waterfowl and furbearers; and agricultural and
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industrial water supply.
E-F classification.
(i) Water-use description. The quality is to be maintained
for agricultural and industrial water uses other than
food processing.
NEBRASKA:
(a) Full Body Contact A full body contact use occurs when the
human body may come in direct contact with the raw surface
water to the point of complete body submergence. The raw
water may be ingested accidentally and certain sensitive
body organs, such as the eyes, ears, nose, etc., may be
exposed to the water. Although the water may be ingested
accidentally, it is not intended to be used as a potable
supply unless acceptable treatment is applied. This water
may be used for swimming, water skiing, skin diving, and
other similar activities.
(b) Partial Body Contact
The partial body contact use occurs when the body may come
in direct contact with the raw surface water but normally
not to point of complete submergence. It is very unlikely
that this water will be ingested nor will critical organs
such as eyes, .ears, and nose normally be exposed to the
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water. This water may be used for fishing, hunting,
trapping, boating, and other similar activities.
(c) Fish and Wildlife Protective
The use of the raw surface water body shall be suitable for
the growth and propagation of fish, waterfowl, furbearers,
other aquatic life, semiaquatic life, and wildlife.
This water may be used for fish habitat, wildlife habitat,
and other similar uses. This is subdivided into warm and
cold waters.
(d) Water Supply
The raw surface water body shall be suitable for use as a
potable water supply. It is suitable for treatment by
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to
yield a finished water suitable for human consumption.
After such treatment, this water may be used for domestic
drinking water supply, food processing, liquid ingredient in
beverages, and other similar uses.
(e) Agricultural
The raw surface water supply shall be suitable for general
agricultural usage. It may be used for irrigation,
livestock watering and other similar uses.
(f) Industrial
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The raw surface water supply shall be suitable for use in
manufacturing processes other than food, beverage or similar
processing. This water may be used for cooling purposes, a
liquid ingredient in products other than food products,
equipment washing, power generation, and similar activities.
NEVADA:
INTERSTATE
Some waters have separate use designations while others are
designated by Class.
Class A Waters.
This classification is intended primarily to include waters or
portions thereof located in areas of little human habitation; no
industrial development or intensive agriculture; and where the
watershed is relatively undisturbed by man's activity.
Beneficial Uses.
Drinking water supply with treatment by disinfection only,
suitable for aquatic life habitat, wildlife propagation,
agricultural use, recreation, boating and aesthetics.
Class B Waters.
This classification includes waters or portions thereof which are
located in areas of light or moderate human habitation, little
industrial development, light to moderate agricultural
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development, and where the watershed is only moderately
influenced by man's activity.
Beneficial Uses.
Drinking water supply with treatment by disinfection and
filtration only, for agricultural use, aquatic life and
wildlife propagation, recreation, industrial supply and
aesthetics.
Class C Waters.
This classification includes waters or portions thereof which are
located in areas of moderate to urban human habitation,
industrial developments present in moderate amounts, intensive
agricultural practices and the watershed considerably altered by
man's activity.
Beneficial Uses.
Domestic water supply following complete treatment,
agricultural use, aquatic life, wildlife propagation,
recreation, aesthetics, and industrial supply.
Class D Waters.
This classification includes waters or portions thereof located
in areas of urban development, highly industrialized or
intensively used for agriculture or combination of all the above
and where effluent sources include a multiplicity of waste
discharges from the highly altered watershed.
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Beneficial Uses.
Boating and aesthetics, agricultural use and industrial
supply except for food processing purposes, and
INTRASTATE
Municipal Water
Industrial Water Processing and Cooling
Recreation Body Contact
Fish and Wildlife
Aesthetics
Irrigation and Stock Watering
Power Generation fish and wildlife.
NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Class A - These waters are of the highest quality and are
potentially acceptable for water supply uses after
disinfection.
Class B - Waters having this classification are potentially of
the second highest quality and are acceptable for:
swimming and other recreation, fish habitat, and for
use as water supply following adequate treatment.
Class C - Waters associated with this classification are
potentially of the third highest quality and are
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potentially acceptable for boating, fishing or
industrial water supply following appropriate
treatment.
NEW JERSEY:
Fresh Waters
Class FW-1
Definition: Fresh surface waters designated by authorized State
agencies as being set aside for posterity to represent the
natural aquatic environment and its associated biota.
Class FW-2
Definition: Fresh surface waters approved as sources of public
potable water supply. These waters are to be suitable for public
potable water supply after such treatment as shall be required by
the State Department of Health. These waters shall be suitable
•also for all recreational purposes including fishing, the
propagation of native fish species desired for angling and other
fish and aquatic life necessary thereto as well as any other
reasonable uses.
Class FW-3
Definition: Fresh surface waters suitable for all purposes
provided for under Class FW-2 except public potable water supply.
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Tidal Waters
The tidal surface waters of the State, including interstate
waters, are herein classified as Classes TW-1, TW-2 and TW-3.
For each classification there follow definitions and stream
quality criteria.
Class TW-1
Definition: Tidal surface waters suitable for all recreational
purposes, as a source of public potable water supply where
permitted, and, where shellfishing is permitted, to be suitable
for such purposes. Waters must be suitable for propagation of
natural and established biota.
Class TW-2
Definition: Tidal waters approved as sources of public water
supply. These waters shall be suitable for public potable water
supply after such treatment as shall be required by law or
regulation. These waters shall be suitable for secondary contact
recreation; the population and maintenance of fish populations;
the migration of anadromous fish; the maintenance of wildlife and
other reasonable uses.
Class TW-3
Definition: Tidal surface waters used primarily for navigation,
not recreation. These waters, although not expected to be used
for fishing, shall provide for the maintenance of fish and other
wildlife, along with fish migration and other reasonable uses.
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Coastal Waters
The waters of the Atlantic Ocean within 1500 feet from mean low
tide or to a depth of 15 feet, whichever is more distant from the
mean low tide line, are classified as CW-1.
The waters of the Atlantic Ocean not included under Class CW-1
are classified as CW-2, out to the three (3) mile limit.
Class CW-1
Definition: Ocean waters expected to be suitable for all
recreational purposes including fishing, the propagation and
migration of native fish species desired for angling and other
fish and aquatic life necessary thereto as well as any other
reasonable use. These waters shall be suitable for shellfish
harvesting where permitted.
Class CW-2
Same as CW-1 except that these waters are not for all
recreational purposes. These waters shall be suitable for
secondary contact recreation (wading, navigation, fishing).
NEW MEXICO:
Designated Uses
Industrial water supply; irrigation; livestock and wildlife
watering; secondary contact recreation; warmwater fishery; or
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primary contact plus above; limited warmwater fishery; coldwater
fishery; marginal coldwater fishery; high quality cold water
fishery; domestic water supply; fish culture; irrigation storage;
municipal water supply.
NEW YORK:
Quality Standards for Class "N" Waters
Best usage of waters. Enjoyment of water in its natural
condition and where compatible, as source of water for drinking
or culinary purposes, bathing, fishing and fish propagation,
recreation and any other usages except for the discharge of
sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes or any sewage or waste
effluent.
Class AA
Best usage of waters. Source of water supply for drinking,
culinary or food processing purposes and any other usages.
Conditions related to best usage of_ waters. The waters, if
subjected to approved disinfection treatment, with additional
treatment if necessary to remove naturally present impurities,
will meet New York State Department of Health drinking water
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standards and will be considered safe and satisfactory for
drinking water purposes.
Class AA-Special
Best usage of waters. Any usage except for disposal of sewage,
industrial wastes or other wastes.
Class, A
Best usage o_f_ waters. Source of water supply for drinking,
culinary or food processing purposes and any other usages.
Conditions related to best usage o_f waters. The waters, if
subjected to approved treatment equal to coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, with additional
treatment if necessary to reduce naturally present impurities
will meet New York State Department of Health drinking water
standards and will be considered safe and satisfactory for
drinking water purposes.
Class B
Best usage of_ waters. Primary contact recreation and any other
uses except as a source of water supply for drinking, culinary or
food processing purposes.
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Class C
Best usage of waters. Suitable for fishing and all other uses
except as a source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food
processing purposes, and primary contact recreation.
Class D
Best usage of waters. These waters are suitable for secondary
contact recreation, but due to such natural conditions as
intermittency of flow, water conditions not conducive to
propagation of game fishery or stream bed conditions, the waters
will not support the propagation of fish.
Class SA
Best usage of_ waters. The waters shall be suitable for
shellfishing for market purposes and primary and secondary
contact recreation.
Class SB
Best usage of waters. The waters shall be suitable for primary
and secondary contact recreation and any other use except for the
taking of shellfish for market purposes.
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Class SC
Best usage of waters. The waters shall be suitable for fishing
and all other uses except for primary contact recreation and for
the taking of shellfish for market purposes.
Class SD
Best usage of waters. All waters not primarily for recreational
purposes, shellfish culture or the development of fishlife and
because of natural or man-made conditions cannot meet the
requirements of these uses.
Class I
Best usage of waters. The waters shall be suitable for secondary
contact recreation and any other usage except for primary contact
recreation and shellfishing for market purposes.
NORTH CAROLINA:
FRESH SURFACE WATER CLASSIFICATIONS AND QUALITY STANDARDS
General. The standards of water quality peculiar to each of the
respective classifications shall be those specified in (b)
through (e) of section .0211.
Class A-I Waters.
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(1) Best usage of waters: Source of water supply for drinking,
culinary, or food processing purposes or any other usage
requiring waters of lower quality.
(2) Conditions related to best usage: This class is intended
primarily for waters having watersheds which are uninhabited
and otherwise protected as required by the Division of
Health Services and which require only approved
disinfection, with additional treatment when necessary to
remove naturally present impurities, in order to meet the
National drinking water regulations and will be considered
safe for drinking, culinary, and food processing purposes.
Class A-II Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Source of water supply for drinking,
culinary, or food processing purposes and any other best
usage specified by the "C" classification.
(2) Conditions related to best usage. The waters, if subjected
to approved treatment equal to coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration and disinfection with additional treatment if
necessary to remove naturally present impurities, will meet
the National drinking water regulations and will be
considered safe for drinking, culinary, or food processing
purposes.
Class B Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Primary recreation and any other best
usage specified by the "C" classification.
(2) Conditions related to best usage. The waters will meet
accepted standards of water quality for outdoor bathing
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places and will be of sufficient size and depth for primary
recreation purposes. Also, suitable for other uses
requiring waters of lower quality.
Class C Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Fishing, secondary recreation,
agriculture, and any other usage except for primary
recreation or as a source of water supply for drinking,
culinary or food processing purposes.
(2) Conditions related to best usage: The waters will be
suitable for fish and wildlife propagation. Also, suitable
for secondary recreation, agriculture, and other uses
requiring waters of lower quality.
TIDAL SALT WATER CLASSIFICATIONS AND QUALITY STANDARDS
General. The standards of water quality peculiar to each of the
respective classifications shall be those specified in (b)
through (e) of section .0212.
Class SA Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Shellfishing for market purposes and
any other usage specified by the "SB" or "SC"
classification.
(2) Conditions related to best usage. Waters will meet the
sanitary and bacteriological standards given in the 1965
revision of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual
of_ Operations: Part 1^ Sanitation of_ Shellfish Growing
Areas, recommended by the Public Health Service and will be
considered safe and suitable for shellfish culture.
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Class SB Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Bathing and any other usage specified
by the "SC" classification.
(2) Conditions related to best usage. The waters will meet
accepted sanitary standards of water quality for outdoor
bathing places and will be of sufficient size and depth for
primary recreation purposes.
Class SC Waters.
(1) Best usage of waters. Fishing, secondary recreation, and
any other usage except primary recreation or shellfishing
for market purposes.
(2) Conditions related to best usage. The waters will be
suitable for fishing, fish and wildlife propagation,
secondary recreation, and other uses requiring waters of
lower quality.
NORTH DAKOTA:
Class !_ Streams
The quality of waters in this class shall be such as to permit
the propagation and/or life of resident fish species and shall be
suitable for boating, swimming, and other water recreation. The
quality shall be such that after treatment consisting of
coagulation, settling, filtration, and chlorination, or
equivalent treatment processes, the treated water shall meet the
bacteriological, physical, and chemical requirements of the State
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Health Department for municipal use. The quality of water shall
be such as to permit its use for irrigation, stock watering, and
wildlife use without injurious effects.
Class LA Streams
The quality of this class of waters shall be such that its uses
shall be the same as those identified for Class I, except that
treatment for municipal use may also require softening to meet
the chemical requirements of the North Dakota State Department of
Health. The physical and chemical criteria shall be those for
Class I, with some exceptions.
Class I_I. Streams
The quality of this class of waters shall be such that its uses
shall be the same as those identified for Class I, except that
additional treatment may be required over that noted in Class IA
to meet the drinking water requirements of the North Dakota State
Department of Health.
Class III Streams
The quality of this class of waters shall be suitable for
industrial and agricultural uses, i.e. cooling, washing,
irrigation, and stock watering. These streams all have low
average flows, and generally, prolonged periods of no flow. The
physical and chemical criteria shall be those for Class II, with
some exceptions.
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OHIO:
WATER USE DESIGNATIONS
(A) WARMWATER HABITAT
These are waters capable of supporting reproducing
populations of fish, normally referred to as warmwater
species, and associated vertebrate and invertebrate
organisms and plants on an annual basis. These standards
will apply outside the mixing zone.
(B) EXCEPTIONAL WARMWATER HABITAT
These are waters capable of supporting exceptional or
unusual populations of fish, normally referred to as
warmwater species, and associated vertebrate and
invertebrate organisms and plants on an annual basis. These
would include waters of exceptional chemical quality that
are capable of supporting sensitive species of fish and
other aquatic organisms. Waters supporting Salmonid
migration and waters having a high diversity of aquatic
organisms should be included. These standards will apply
.outside the mixing zone.
(C) COLDWATER HABITAT
These are waters capable of supporting populations of fish,
normally referred to as coldwater species and associated
vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and plants on an
annual basis. These waters are not necessarily capable of
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supporting successful reproduction of Salmonids and may be
stocked periodically. These standards will apply outside
the mixing zone.
(D) SEASONAL WARMWATER HABITAT
These are waters capable of supporting the propagation and
habitation of aquatic organisms on a seasonal basis. These
waters have a minimum annual seven day average flow that has
a recurrence period of once in ten years (not attributable
to discharges and other hydraulic alterations) of one cubic
foot per second or less and having more than 50 percent of
the total flow under such conditions composed of wastewater
effluents. Mixing zone standards, Rule 3745-1-06 of the
Ohio Administrative Code will not apply.
(E) LIMITED WARMWATER HABITAT
These are waters incapable of meeting criteria necessary for
the support of populations of fish and associated vertebrate
and invertebrate organisms and plants either on a seasonal
or year around basis. This degraded condition may be due to
relative low stream flow coupled with heavily populated
and/or industrialized areas that have outdated sewer systems
and/or waste treatment facilities. However, exceptions from
Warmwater Habitat criteria will apply only to specific
criterion during specified time periods and/or flow
conditions. This will be determined on a case-by-case basis
and comply with all federal and state water quality
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statutes. This designation must be justified by significant
economic or technological rationale and is to be used only
as a temporary classification with upgrading of use
designation at the earliest possible time prior to July I,
1983, where attainable.
(F) PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY
These are waters that with conventional treatment will be
suitable for human intake and meet federal regulations for
drinking water.
(G) AGRICULTURAL WATER SUPPLY
These waters are suitable for irrigation and livestock
watering without treatment.
(H) INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
These are waters suitable for commercial and industrial
uses, with or without treatment. Standards for the support
of this use designation will vary with the type of industry
involved.
(I) BATHING WATERS
These are waters suitable for swimming where a lifeguard
and/or bathhouse facilities are present, during the
recreation season.
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(J) PRIMARY CONTACT RECREATION
These are waters suitable for full body contact recreation,
such as, but not limited to; swimming and scuba diving with
minimal threat to public health as a result of water
quality, during the recreation season.
(K) SECONDARY CONTACT RECREATION
These are waters suitable for partial body contact
recreation, such as, but not limited to; canoeing and wading
with minimal threat to public health as a result of water
quality during the recreation season.
OKLAHOMA:
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES
The quality of the waters of the State shall be protected,
maintained and improved, when feasible, so that they can be used
as a source of raw public and private water supplies.
Drinking water standards dictate the quality of water that should
be achieved in a municipal water distribution system without
reference to desirable raw water quality. Although it is
possible to renovate highly polluted surface waters to these
standards, the process required would be both complex and
expensive. Raw water quality criteria have been developed to aid
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in the selection of water sources so that the water supply chosen
can, by commonly proven applied treatment processes, achieve the
drinking water standards, all within reasonable economic limits.
EMERGENCY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES
During emergencies, those waters designated Emergency Public and
Private Water Supplies may be put to use. Each emergency will be
handled on a case by case basis, and be thoroughly evaluated by
the appropriate State agencies and/or local health authorities.
FISH AND WILDLIFE PROPAGATION
There are not generalized water quality standards applicable for
all kinds of fish and wildlife. Generally, unpolluted waters
support a more diverse aquatic community while only tolerant
species can survive in comparatively polluted waters. The impact
of a given chemical or physical constituent on a biological
community is not mutually exclusive of other constituents since
synergistic interactions are common. The General Standards found
in Sections 6 and 7, respectively.
AGRICULTURE (LIVESTOCK AND IRRIGATION)
Proper water quality is essential for irrigation and livestock
consumption. Excessive concentration of minerals in irrigation
water results in damage to crops and produces undesirable soil
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conditions. High salinity water should be used with best
management practices as outlined in "Diagnosis and Reclamation of
Saline Soils," United States Department of Agriculture Handbook
#60, 1958.
The intake of highly mineralized water by animals can cause
physiological disturbances of varying degrees. Lactation and
reproduction are disturbed by continuous use of water of
unfavorable mineral composition. In some cases, particular ions
within total salinity such as nitrate, fluoride, selenium salts
and molybdenum may be harmful to livestock. The levels
established in the General Standards found in Section 7, are
designed to protect this use.
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
This beneficial use is not generally dependent upon water
quality.
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL COOLING WATER
Quality criteria for water used for cooling purposes vary with
the type of industrial or municipal processes involved. This use
will be protected by application of the Water Quality Standards.
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PRIMARY BODY CONTACT RECREATION
Primary Body Contact Recreation involves direct body contact with
the water where a possibility of ingestion exists. In these
cases, the water shall not contain substances in concentrations
that are irritating to skin or sense organs or are toxic or cause
illness upon ingestion by human beings.
SECONDARY BODY CONTACT RECREATION
The water quality requirements for Secondary Body Contact
Recreation are usually not so stringent as the Primary Body
Contact Recreation. Secondary body contact recreational
activities include boating, fishing, wading or other activities
where ingestion of water is not anticipated.
NAVIGATION
This beneficial use is generally more dependent on water quantity
than water quality.
AESTHETICS
To be aesthetically enjoyable, the waters of the State must be
free from floating materials and suspended substances that
produce objectionable color and turbidity. The waters must also
be free from noxious odors and tastes, and from materials that
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settle to form objectionable deposits, and discharges that
produce undesirable or nuisance aquatic life.
SMALLMOUTH BASS FISHERIES (EXCLUDING LAKE WATERS)
Water which will support Smallmouth Bass Fisheries is
characterized by a lower temperature and higher dissolved oxygen
concentration. Presence of smallmouth bass, generally, indicates
clean water conditions.
TROUT FISHERIES (PUT AND TAKE)
The maintenance of trout fisheries (put and take) generally
requires cool and high quality waters. Specific references to
these fisheries is found in Sections 7.3, 7.5 and 7.6.
SECTION 5 - BENEFICIAL USE LIMITATIONS
All streams and bodies of water designated as (a) are protected
by prohibition of any new point source except under conditions
described in Section 3.
All streams included under the State Scenic Rivers Act of 1974,
and such tributaries of those streams as may be appropriate will
be so designated. Best management practices for control of
nonpoint source discharges should be initiated when feasible.
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OREGON:
Domestic Water Supply
Industrial Water Supply
Irrigation
Livestock Watering
Anadromous Fish Passage
Salmonid Fish Rearing
Salmonid Fish Spawning
Resident Fish and Other Aquatic Life
Hunting and Wildlife
Fishing
Water Skiing and Swimming
Pleasure Boating
Aesthetic Qualities
Commercial Navigation and Transportation
Hydropower
PENNSYLVANIA:
Protected Use
Aquatic Life
Cold Water Fishes - Maintenance and/or propagation of fish
species including the family Salmonida and additional flora
and fauna which are indigenous to a cold water habitat.
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Warm Water Fishes - Maintenance and propagation of fish species
and additional flora and fauna which are indigenous to a
warm water habitat.
Migratory Fishes - Passage, maintenance and propagation of
anadromous and catadromous fishes and other fishes which
ascend to flowing waters to complete their life cycle.
Trout Stocking - Maintenance of stocked trout from February 15
to July 31 and maintenance and propagation of fish species
and additional flora and fauna which are indigenous to a
warm water habitat.
Water Supply
Potable Water Supply - Use by humans after cpnventional treatment
for drinking, culinary, and other purposes, such as inclusion
into foods (either directly or indirectly).
Industrial Water Supply - Use by industry for inclusion into
nonfood products, processing and cooling.
Livestock Water Supply - Use by livestock and poultry for drinking
and cleansing.
Wildlife Water Supply - Use for waterfowl habitat and for drinking
and cleansing by wildlife.
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Irrigation - Used to supplement precipitation for growing crops.
Recreation
Boating - Use of the water for power boating, sail boating,
canoeing, and rowing for recreational purposes when surface
water flow or impoundment conditions allow.
Fishing - Use of the water for the legal taking of fish.
Water Contact Sports - Use of the water for swimming and related
activities.
Esthetics - Use of the water as an esthetic setting to
recreational pursuits.
Special Protection
High Quality Waters - A stream or watershed which has excellent
quality waters and environmental or other features that
require special water quality protection.
Exceptional Value Waters - A stream or watershed which constitutes
an outstanding national, state, regional or local resource,
such as waters of national, state or county parks or forests,
or waters which are used as a source of unfiltered potable
water supply, or waters of wildlife refuges or state game
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lands, or waters which have been characterized by the Fish
Commission as "Wilderness Trout Streams," and other waters
of substantial recreational or ecological significance.
Other
Navigation - Use of the water for the commercial transfer and
transport of persons, animals and goods.
RHODE ISLAND:
Fresh Water -
Class A - (drinking) water supply
Class B - public water supply with appropriate treatment
- agricultural uses
- bathing, other primary contact recreational
activities
- fish and wildlife habitat
Class C - boating, other secondary contact recreational
activities
- fish and wildlife habitat
- industrial processes and cooling
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Class D - migration of fish
- good aesthetic value
Class E Nuisance conditions; uses limited to:
- certain industrial processes and cooling
- power
- navigation
Sea Water -
Class SA - bathing and contact recreation
- shellfish harvesting for direct human consumption
- fish and wildlife habitat
Class SA(m-l) - marinas and similar anchorages where boats are
docked or moored for the period 1 June to 30 September
- shellfish harvesting for human consumption after
depuration
- bathing, other primary contact recreational
activities
- fish and wildlife habitat
Class SA(m) - Class SA uses - 1 October to 31 May
Class SB - shellfish harvesting for human consumption after
depuration
- bathing, other primary contact recreational activities
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- fish and wildlife habitat
Class SC - boating, other secondary contact recreational
activities
- fish and wildlife habitat
- industrial cooling
- good aesthetic value
SOUTH CAROLINA:
Class AA
Waters suitable for use for domestic and food processing purposes
with treatment levels as specified by the Department of Health
and Environmental Control, or waters which constitute an out-
standing recreational or ecological resource. Suitable, where
specified, in the document, Stream Classifications for the
State of South Carolina, for trout fishing ("fishing" as
defined in Section I of this document). Also suitable for
uses requiring water of lesser quality.
Class A
Waters suitable for direct water contact use. Suitable also
for other uses requiring waters of lesser quality.
Class B
Waters suitable for domestic supply after conventional treatment
in accordance with requirements of the South Carolina State
Board of Health and Environmental Control. Suitable also for
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propagation of fish, industrial and agricultural uses and
other uses requiring water of lesser quality.
Class SAA
Waters suitable for uses that require the absence of pollution
(South Carolina Pollution Control Act Section 1(7)) and/or waters
which constitute an outstanding recreational or ecological re-
source. Suitable also for use requiring water of lesser quality.
Class SA
Waters suitable for propagation, survival, and harvesting of
shellfish for market purposes as designated by the Department
of Health and Environmental Control. Suitable also for uses
requiring water of lesser quality.
Class SB
Waters suitable for direct water contact and for survival and
propagation of shellfishing except shellfishing for market
purposes. Suitable also for uses requiring water of lesser
quality.
Class SC
Waters suitable for crabbing, commercial fishing and for the
survival and propagation of marine fauna and flora.
SOUTH DAKOTA:
Beneficial uses of public waters established. All lakes and
streams are hereby classified for their beneficial uses. Classi-
fications established in this section are not to be construed as
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limiting the actual use of such waters. The classifications shall
designate whether the quality lakes and streams shall be maintained
for:
(1) Domestic water supply waters;
(2) Cold water permanent fish life propagation waters;
(3) Cold water marginal fish life propagation waters;
(4) Warm water permanent fish life propagation waters;
(5) Warm water semipermanent fish life propagation waters;
(6) Warm water marginal fish life propagation waters;
(7) Immersion recreation waters;
(8) Limited contact recreation waters;
(9) Wildlife propagation and stock watering waters;
(10) Irrigation waters; or
(11) Commerce and industry waters.
TENNESSEE:
A. Domestic Raw Water Supply
B. Industrial Water Supply
C. Fish and Aquatic Life
D. Recreation
E. Irrigation
F. Livestock Watering and Wildlife
G. Navigation
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TEXAS:
DESCRIPTION OF STANDARDS
The General Statement is an integral part of the standards and the
standards shall be interpreted in accord with the General Statement,
These standards consist of three parts:
1. General Criteria applicable to all surface waters of the
State at all times to the maximum extent feasible
2. Numerical Criteria applicable to specific surface waters
designated in the standards
3. Water Uses deemed desirable for specific surface waters
designated in the standards
The designation of a segment as desirable for a particular
water usage reflects the objective of the Texas Department
of Water Resources to attain and/or maintain a quality of
water appropriate to a specific water usage for a stream
segment.
a. Contact recreation waters
Surface waters suitable for contact recreation shall
not exceed a logarithmic mean (geometric mean) fecal
coliform content from a representative sampling of not
less than 5 samples collected over not more than 30
days, as determined by either multiple-tube fermenta-
tion or membrane filter techniques, of 200/100 ml, nor
shall more than 10 percent of toal samples during any
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30-day period exceed 400/100 ml.
Simple compliance with bacteriological standards does
not insure that waters are safe for primary contact
recreation, such as swimming. Longstanding public
health principles mandate that watershed sanitary
surveys be conducted in order to adequately evaluate
the sanitary hazard potentially present on any natural
watercourse.
b. Noncontact recreation waters
Surface waters for general or noncontact recreation
should, with specific and limited exceptions, be suit-
able for human use in recreation activities not involving
significant risks of ingestion. These waters shall not
exceed a logarithmic mean (geometric mean) fecal coliform
content of 2,000/100 ml, nor equal or exceed 4,000/100 ml
in more than 10 percent of the samples, except in
specified mixing zones adjacent to outfalls.
c. Domestic raw water supply
It is the goal that the chemical quality of all surface
waters used for domestic raw water supply conform to
the U.S. Public Health Service, Drinking Water Standards,
revised 1962 or latest revision. However, it must be
realized that some surface waters are being used that
cannot meet these standards. Since in these cases it
is the only source available, these surface waters may
be deemed suitable for use as a domestic raw water
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supply, where the chemical constituents do not pose a
potential health hazard.
National primary drinking water regulations are to be
established by the Environmental Protection Agency
pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act. These regula-
tions shall specify a maximum contaminant level or
require the use of specific treatment techniques for
contaminants. Domestic raw water supply quality should
be consistent with the findings of EPA regarding max-
imum contaminants and treatment techniques.
It is desirable that the total coliform content should
not exceed 100/100 ml and the fecal coliform content
20/100 ml; however, domestic water supplies should not
not be considered unacceptable if an adequate number of
samples show monthly arithmetic averages for total
coliform to be less than 10,000/100 ml and fecal coli-
form to be less than 2,000/100 ml.
The evaluation of raw water cannot be reduced to simply
counting bacteria of any kind and the foregoing must be
used with judgment and discretion and this paragraph is
not intended to limit the responsibilities and authorities
of responsible local governments or local health agencies.
d. Propagation of fish and wildlife
The water quality requirements necessary to support the
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UTAH:
propagation of fish and wildlife are too diverse to be
defined by a single set of numerical criteria. Different,
but equally desirable, biological communities may have
substantially different water quality requirements. Also,
the impact of a given chemical or physical component on
a biological community can be assessed only when the
other components of the system are known since synergistic
and antagonistic interactions are common. Determination
of the suitability of a stream for the propagation of
fish and wildlife is most effectively accomplished by
an assessment which considers both the physical/chemical
parameters of the stream and the biological community
present in the stream.
Specific criteria do exist with respect to shellfish
waters. In shellfish areas in the bays and outside the
buffer zones, the coliform criteria shall be limited
and quided by the U.S. Public Health Service Manual,
"Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas," 1965 revision,
or latest revision.
Class 1 - protected for use as a raw water source for domestic
water systems.
a. Class 1A - protected for domestic purposes without treatment,
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b. Class IB - protected for domestic purposes with prior
disinfection.
c. Class 1C - protected for domestic purposes with prior
treatment by standard complete treatment processes as
required by the Utah State Division of Health.
Class 2 - protected for in-stream recreational use and aesthetics.
a. Class 2A - protected for recreational bathing (swimming).
b. Class 2B - protected for boating, water skiing, and similar
uses, excluding recreational bathing (swimming).
Class 3 - protected for in-stream use by beneficial aquatic wildlife.
a. Class 3A - protected for cold water species of game fish
and other cold water aquatic life, including the necessary
aquatic organisms in their food chain.
b. Class 3B - protected for warm water species of game fish
and other warm water aquatic life, including the necessary
aquatic organisms in their food chain.
c. Class 3C - protected for non-game fish and other aquatic
life, including the necessary aquatic organisms in their
food chain. Standards for this class will be determined
on a case-by-case basis.
d. Class 3D - protected for waterfowl, shorebirds and other
water-oriented wildlife not included in Classes 3A, 3B,
or 3C, including the necessary aquatic organisms in
their food chain.
Class 4 - protected for agricultural uses including irrigation of
crops and stockwatering.
Class 5 - protected for industrial uses including cooling, boiler
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make-up, and others with potential for human contact
or exposure. Standards for this class will be determined
on a case-by-case basis.
Class 6 - protected for uses of waters not generally suitable
for the uses identified in Sections 2.6.1 through 2.6.5,
above. Standards for this class will be determined on
a case-by-case basis.
VERMONT:
Class A
Public water supply with disinfection; uniformly excellent
Class B
Public water supply with treatment; water contact recreation;
irrigation and agricultural uses; good fish habitat;
good aesthetic value
Class C
Fish and wildlife; noncontact recreation; irrigation of crops
consumed after cooking; and such industrial uses as are
consistent with other class uses
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VIRGINIA:
PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION OF WATERS WITHIN THE STATE
Geographical Area or Other Description of Waters
Major Class
I Open Ocean (Seaside of the Land Mass)
II Estuarine (Tidal Water - Coastal Zone to Fall Line)
III Free Flowing Streams (Coastal Zone and Piedmont Zone
to the Crest of the Mountains)
IV Mountainous Zone
V Put and Take Trout Waters
VI Natural Trout Waters
Subclasses to Complement Major Water Class Designations
Subclass A
Waters generally satisfactory for use as public or municipal
water supply, secondary contact recreation, propagation of
fish and aquatic life, and other beneficial uses.
Subclass B
Waters generally satisfactory for use as public or municipal
water supply, primary contact recreation (prolonged intimate
contact; considerable risk of ingestion), propagation of
fish and other aquatic life, and other beneficial uses.
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WASHINGTON:
CLASS AA (EXTRAORDINARY).
(a) General Characteristic. Water quality of this class
shall markedly and uniformly exceed the requirements
for all or substantially all uses.
(b) Characteristic Uses. Characteristic uses shall include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Water supply (domestic, industrial, agricultural).
(ii) Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
(iii) General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment (picnick-
ing, hiking, fishing, swimming, skiing, and boating).
(iv) General marine recreation and navigation.
(v) Fish and shellfish reproduction, rearing, and
harvesting.
CLASS A (EXCELLENT).
(a) General Characteristic. Water quality of this class
shall meet or exceed the requirements for all or sub-
stantially all uses.
(b) Characteristic Uses. Characteristic uses shall include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Water supply (domestic, industrial, agricultural).
(ii) Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
(iii) General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment (picnick-
ing, hiking, fishing, swimming, skiing, and boating)
(iv) Commerce and navigation.
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(v) Fish and shellfish reproduction, rearing, and
harvesting.
CLASS B (GOOD).
(a) General Characteristic. Water quality of this class
shall meet or exceed the requirements for most uses.
(b) Characteristic Uses. Characteristic uses shall include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Industrial and agricultural water supply.
(ii) Fishery and wildlife habitat.
(iii) General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment (picnick-
ing, hiking, fishing, and boating).
(iv) Stock watering.
(v) Commerce and navigation.
(v) Shellfish reproduction and rearing, and Crustacea
(crabs, shrimp, etc.) harvesting.
CLASS C (FAIR).
(a) General Characteristic. Water quality of this class
shall meet or exceed the requirements of selected and
essential uses.
(b) Characteristic Uses. Characteristic uses shall include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Cooling water.
(ii) Commerce and navigation.
(iii) Fish passage.
(iv) Boating.
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LAKE CLASS.
(a) General Characteristic. Water quality of this class
shall meet or exceed the requirements for all or sub-
stantially all uses.
(b) Characteristic Uses. Characteristic uses for waters of
this class shall include, but are not limited, to the
following:
(i) Water supply (domestic, industrial, agricultural).
(ii) Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
(iii) General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment (picnick-
ing, hiking, fishing, swimming, skiing, and boating),
(iv) Fish and shellfish reproduction, rearing, and
harvesting.
WEST VIRGINIA:
Category A. Water Contact Recreation:
This category includes swimming, fishing, water skiing, and
certain types of pleasure boating such as sailing in very
small craft and small outboard motor boats.
Category Bl. Water Supply, Public:
This category is used to describe all waters used for public
supplies. It does not include water for cooling.
Category B2. Water Supply, Industrial:
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This category is used to describe all waters used for industrial
supplies. It does not include water for cooling.
Category B3. Water Supply, Agricultural:
This category includes all water used for agriculture, includes
irrigation as well as livestock watering. It is understood
that these waters would also be suitable for wildlife watering.
Category C. Propagation of Fish and Other Aquatic Life:
This category is self-explanatory and does recognize the
importance of other aquatic life in addition to fish.
Category D. Water Transport, Cooling and Power:
This category includes commercial and pleasure vessel activity,
expect those small craft included in Category A. Cooling water
is that water used for industrial cooling. Power production
in this definition is hydropower.
Category E. Treated Wastes Transport and Assimilation:
This category includes water of such quality as to assure safe
passage of fish.
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WISCONSIN:
WISCONSIN WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
FISH AND AQUATIC LIFE VARIANCE
RECREATIONAL USE INTERMEDIATE MARGINAL
Continuous Diffused
Streams Surface Waters
Lakes and Flowages Non-continuous Wet lands
Streams
Waste Water
Effluent Channels
Trout Streams Continuous Continuous Streams
Streams
Non-continuous Streams
GENERAL CRITERIA
*
Wisconsin surface waters shall not have objectionable shore
or bottom deposits, floating or submerged debris, oil, unsightly
color, odor, taste or toxic concentrations of chemicals.
WYOMING:
Chapter I of Wyoming's Water Quality Regulations, entitled
"Quality Standards for Wyoming Surface Waters," designates
all Wyoming waters as belonging to one of the following
four classes:
Class I: Those surface waters which shall be maintained at their
existing quality and in which no further water quality
degradation by discharges will be allowed.
Class II: Those surface waters, other than those classified as
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Class I, which are determined by the Wyoming Game and
Fish Department to be presently supporting game fish
or have the hydrologic and natural water quality
potential to support game fish.
Class III:Those surface waters, other than those classified as
Class I, which are determined by the Wyoming Game and
Fish Department to be presently supporting non-game
fish or have the hydrologic and natural water quality
potential to support non-game fish.
Class IV: Those surface waters, other than those classified as
Class I, which are determined by the Wyoming Game and
Fish Department to not have the hydrologic or natural
water quality to support fish.
GUAM:
CATEGORIES OF WATERS - The following categories of waters
relate to the different liquid components of the hydrologic
cycle.
A. Coastal Waters
1. Category AA Waters
The uses to be protected in this category of
waters are marine research, propagation of aquatic
life (particularly coral reef organisms),
conservation of wilderness areas, aesthetic
enjoyment, and such recreational activities as do
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not impair the other established uses. This
category of waters shall remain free from
pollution attributable to domestic, commercial,
and industrial discharges or agricultural,
construction and other land-use practices that
impair their protected use. No pollutant
discharges will be permitted therein. Wherever
recreational facilities currently exist in these
areas, such as Tarague Beach, such uses may
continue with their pollutant impacts controlled
to prevent destruction of other water uses.
The categorization of any water area as Category
AA shall not preclude other uses of such waters
compatible with these objectives and in
conformance with the standards applicable to them.
2. Category A Waters
The uses to be protected in this category of
waters are recreation (including swimming,
surfing, skin and SCUBA diving, skiing, and other
primary contact sports), aesthetic enjoyment,
propagation of aquatic and associated wildlife,
commercial, industrial, and navigational uses. It
is the objective that discharges of any pollutant
be controlled to the degree necessary to protect
the waters for their specified uses.
B. Fresh Waters
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1. Category I Waters are defined as all groundwaters.
la. This subcategory is the basal water lens and
the perched water systems. Basal water lens
refers to fresh groundwater which is in hydraulic
continuity with sea water on which it floats;
perched water systems refer to fresh groundwaters
in aquifers whose impermeable lower boundaries lie
above sea level.
Zone la-I; Waters within this use-zone are those
that are currently used or potentially developable
as drinking water resources. Waters within this
zone shall be protected for use as drinking water.
Zone la-II; Waters within this use-zone are those
that are proven to be not potentially developable
as a drinking water resource. These waters may
flow into adjoining coastal waters and act as a
buffer to prevent damage to inland drinking water
resources by the intrusion of salt water. Within
this zone, treated waste may be discharged if it
is positively demonstrated that such discharge
will not adversely affect groundwaters that are
either currently or potentially developable for
drinking water. Zone la-II shall be defined as
all groundwaters between the Line of Mean High
Water and a line on a horizontal plan and 2,000
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feet inland from the Line of Mean High Water,
excluding waters currently used or potentially
usable as a drinking water resource.
Ib. This subcategory is groundwaters descending
vertically to waters identified as la waters. The
use of these waters is replenishment of la waters
to ensure the quality and quantity of drinking
water resources necessary to supply the current
and future needs of the people of Guam. Three
use-zones are established within this subcategory.
Zone lb-I (Conservation Zone). Groundwaters
within this zone replenish la-I waters. They
shall be kept free from pollution. The watershed
shall be maintained as a conservation area. No
pollutant discharges will be permitted.
Land within boundaries identified as lb-I which
are owned by the Government of Guam shall be
maintained at their current land use. Privately
owned lands shall be maintained at their permitted
densities and uses as of the effective date of
these standards.
Zone Ib-II (Resource Zone). Groundwaters within
this zone replenish la waters that are developable
for drinking water. Pollutant discharges shall be
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treated to the degree necessary to protect la
waters for this use.
Zone Ib-III (Recharge Zone). Groundwaters within
m this zone replenish waters that are not
economically developable for drinking water use
and are, therefore, categorized for treated
discharge. Discharges within this zone shall be
treated to the extent necessary to protect la-II
waters for this categorized use.
2. Category 2 Waters are defined as all surface fresh
waters. There are three subcategories.
2a. This subcategory is composed of waters that flow
continuously over the land surface in a defined
channel or bed, such as streams and rivers.
2b. This subcategory is composed of standing waters in
basins such as lakes, marshes, swamps, and ponds,
either natural or man-made.
\
Two use-zones are established for 2a and 2b
waters.
Zones 2a-I and 2b-I; The uses for these zones are
drinking water resources, conservation of
wilderness areas, and propagation and preservation
of aquatic life and aesthetic enjoyment. It is
the objective that these waters shall be kept free
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of substances or conditions attributable to
domestic, commercial and industrial discharges, or
agricultural, construction or other land-use
practices that impair their use. No pollutant
discharges will be permitted. A management
program shall be implemented for any watershed of
waters categorized as 2a-I or 2b-I.
Lands within boundaries identified as 2a-I and 2b-
I which are owned by the Government of Guam shall
be maintained at their current land-use.
Privately owned lands shall be maintained at their
permitted densities and uses as of the effective
date of these standards.
Zones 2a-II and 2b-II: The uses for these zones
are primary body contact recreation, aesthetic
enjoyment, protection and propagation of aquatic
life/ commercial, agricultural, and industrial
water supply. Waste discharges shall be
controlled to the degree necessary to protect
these uses.
2c. This subcategory comprises all waters flowing over
the land, either as unconfined sheet runoff, or as
runoff confined to channels with intermittent
flow. These waters shall be kept free from
pollution associated with human land-use
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activities to the extent that the designated uses
.of waters receiving 2c waters are not impaired.
3. Drinking Water
All public and domestic water supplies used for human
consumption, either directly or indirectly through food
or beverage processing, are categorized as "Drinking
Water." These waters shall be treated as necessary to
provide water of good quality for consumption by the
people of Guam. Specific standards applicable to
drinking water are listed under Section III, C.
PUERTO RICO:
Class SA
A. Usages and/or description:
Coastal waters whose existing characteristics should
not be altered in order to preserve the existing
natural phenomena. Toward that end these waters are
not intended to be used for any activity, such as
swimming, boating and skiing, that might be detrimental
to the existing natural phenomena.
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Class SB
A. Usages and/or description:
Coastal waters intended for uses where the human body
may come in direct contact with the water (such as
complete body submergence); and for use in propagation
and preservation of desirable species.
Class SC
A. Usages and/or description:
Coastal waters intended for uses where the human body
may in indirect contact with the water (such as
fishing, boating, etc.), and for use in propagation and
maintenance of desirable species.
Class SD
A. Usages and/or description:
Surface waters intended for use as a raw water source
for public water supply, and in propagation and
preservation of desirable species. These waters cannot
be safely used for primary or secondary contact
recreation, unless they comply with Section 2.2.4B. 10.
VIRGIN ISLANDS:
Class A
(a) Best usage of waters: Preservation of natural
phenomena requiring special conditions, such as the
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Natural Barrier Reef at Buck Island, St. Croix and the
Under Water Trail at Trunk Bay, St. John.
Class B
(a) Best usage of waters: For propagation of desirable
species of marine life and for primary contact
recreation (swimming, water skiing, etc.).
Class C
(a) Best usage of waters: For the propagation of desirable
species of marine life and secondary contact recreation
(boating, fishing, wading, etc.).
AMERICAN SAMOA:
Identification of waters and beneficial uses.
(a) Coastal Waters
The coastal waters of the Territory are considered to be
among the Territory's most valuable resources. All coastal
waters serve to propagate fish and other marine life,
contributing to the subsistence of the people. Accessible
waters are also used for swimming and other forms of
recreation. Additionally, clean coastal waters, clean
beaches and natural reefs are among the Territory's prime
tourist attractions.
Therefore:
All coastal waters shall be protected for the present and
future uses of industrial water supply, propagation of fish
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and other aquatic life and wildlife (including conservation
of native marine biota, shellfish propagation, and
commercial and sports fishing), esthetic enjoyment, and
primary contact recreation.
(b) Domestic Water Supplies
Until ground water resources can be fully explored and
developed, Samoa will continue to rely heavily upon natural
streams, springs, small reservoirs and constructed storage
tanks for the bulk of its water requirements. It is
imperative that existing resources be protected for the
public benefit. The Commission considers these regulations
and existing public health laws generally adequate to assure
this protection. In addition, fresh waters may provide
beneficial aquatic life and opportunities for recreation.
All fresh waters shall be protected for public or domestic
water supply, primary contact recreation, propagation of
fish and other aquatic life and wildlife, and esthetic
enjoyment.
TRUST TERRITORIES:
Classification
The following water classifications, according to recognized
beneficial uses, are hereby designated (order of listing is
not intended to imply relative rank of importance):
4.1 Public or Domestic Water Supply
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4.2 Industrial Water Supply
4.3 Agricultural Water Supply
4.4 Propagation of Fish and Other Aquatic Life and Wildlife
4.5 Special classes— (a) Waters reserved for conservation
of native marine biota; (b) Shellfish propagation;
(c) Commercial and sports fishing.
4.6 Aesthetic Enjoyment
i
4.7 Recreation
4.8 Special Class-Primary Water Contact
4.9 Navigation, including harbors, small boat harbors,
marinas and waters adjacent to piers and docks.
109
«U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980 311- 32/'<0
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